SHAPER , SLOTTER AND PLANER

ByAvinash N. Fulbaria

Content Introduction to Shaper Machine -Parts of Shaper Machine -Classification Of Shaper -Working Principle -Advantages and Disadvantages Introduction to Slotter -Parts of Slotter Machine -Classification Of Slotter Machine Introduction to Planer Machine -Types Of Planer -Parts Of Planer Reference

Shaper machine The shaper is a reciprocating type of

machines Tool used for producing small flat

surface with the help of a single point tool reciprocating over the stationary workpiece. The flat surface may be vertical & horizontal .

Shaper Machine

Parts of shaper machine1. Base - it is a heavy structure of cast iron which supports

other part of machine2. Column – it is box like structure made of cast iron &

mounted upon the base3. Ram – it is reciprocating member which reciprocates on the

guidway provided above the column. It carries a tool slide on its head and a mechanism for adjusting the stroke length

4. Tool head – it is attached to the front portion of the ram . It is used to hold the tool rigidly also provide the vertical& angular movements to the tool for cutting

5. Cross rail – it is attached to the front vertical portions of the column

6. Table - it is used for holding the workpiece

Classifications of shapers1. Acc. to the ram driving mechanisma. Crank shaperb. Geared shaperc. Hydraulic shaper2. Acc to the position travel of ramd. Horizontal shapere. Vertical shaper3. Acc to the direction of cutting strokef. Push cut shaperg. Draw cut shaper4.Acc to the design of the tableh. Standard shaper i. Universal shaper

Working Principle The tool is held in the tool post of the

reciprocating ram & perform the cutting operation during its forward stroke.

It may be noted that during the backward stroke of the ram , the tool does not remove material from the workpiece.

For shaping in horizontal direction ,the depth of cut is adjusted by moving the tool downward towards the workpiece.

In vertical ,the tool is feed vertically towards the workpiece , the depth of cutting is adjusted by the workpiece sideways

Advantages It provides economical & simple tooling It is easy to set up & can be used on any

flat or angular surface.

Disadvantages Shaper is limited in holding close

tolerance because of the long unsupported overhang of the ram at the end of the each stroke

Due to its single point tooling the shaper is not suited for production work

It having only one tool for cutting the workpiece

Slotter machine The vertical shaper ,sometimes called a

slotter, has a vertical ram. If a rotary table is mounted on the

regular table, a number of slots can be made at quit accurately spaced intervals.

This machine can work either outside or inside a part, provided that the interior opening is larger then the tool head.

Slotter Machine

Slotter Machine

Parts of Slotter Machine1. Base - it is rigidly built is cast integral with the

column2. Saddle – it is mounted on the guide ways& may be

moved towards or away from the column.3. Cross slide – it is mounted on the guide ways of the

saddle & may be moved parallel to the phase of the column.

4. Rotary table – it is a circular table mounted on the top of the cross slide this is provided with an index plate . Index plate is provided accurate division of parts.

5. Ram – it reciprocate in a vertical direction ram caries cutting tool at its lower end

Classifications1. Puncher slotter 2. Production slotter3. Tool room slotter

Planer machine This machine is used to produce plane &

flat surface by single point cutting tool . It is similar to shaper but its size is very

large and is adopted for producing flat surface of much larger work than a shaper.

The basic difference between planer & shaper is , in planer , the tool remains stationary & the work reciprocate whereas in shaper, the tool reciprocate & work is stationary

Planer Machine

Planer Machine

Types of Planers1. Double-housing planer – it consist of a long

heavy base on which the table reciprocate. It is having 2 housing one on each side of the table, the housing are connecting at the top.

2. Open-sided planer – it is having housing only on one side . It permits machining wider workpiece.

3. Pit planer - it is massive type planer capable of holding very big workpiece . In this the bed is stationary & the tool is moved over the job.

4. Edge or plate planer – it is specially designed planer used for the edge of heavy steel plate, pressure vessels& ship building works.

Parts of Planers1. Bed 2. Table3. Housing4. Cross rail5. Tool head

Reference S.K. Hajra Choudhary , A.K. Hajra

Choudhary , Nirjhar Roy , Elements of Workshop Technology , Vol 2 (12th Edition), Media Promoters & Publishers PVT. LTD

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