Sensory MemorySensory Memory

Pham Tuan MinhPham Tuan MinhSchool of Computer Science and School of Computer Science and

EngineeringEngineering

ContentsContents

Sensory MemorySensory Memory Iconic MemoryIconic Memory

Sperling’s experimentsSperling’s experiments Problems with Iconic MemoryProblems with Iconic Memory

Echoic MemoryEchoic Memory Precategorical Acoustic Store (PAS)Precategorical Acoustic Store (PAS) Other Theories of Echoic MemoryOther Theories of Echoic Memory

Odor MemoryOdor Memory

Sensory Memory (1)Sensory Memory (1)

The Information Processing Model

Sensory Memory (2)Sensory Memory (2)

““Sensory memorySensory memory is the name given is the name given to the memory system that retains to the memory system that retains purely sensory information.” purely sensory information.” (Crowder & Surprenant, 2000)(Crowder & Surprenant, 2000)

There are two types of sensory There are two types of sensory memory:memory: Iconic memoryIconic memory Echoic memoryEchoic memory

Iconic MemoryIconic Memory

Iconic memoryIconic memory:: A type of sensory memoryA type of sensory memory Was named by George Sperling in 1960Was named by George Sperling in 1960

Sperling’s experiments Sperling’s experiments (1)(1)

Sperling’s experiments required the tests to Sperling’s experiments required the tests to recall as many elements from a visual recall as many elements from a visual display removed at various different display removed at various different intervals.intervals.

2 B 3 9

2 0 U 0

Y E 7 N

Sperling’s experiments required the tests to Sperling’s experiments required the tests to recall as many elements from a visual recall as many elements from a visual display removed at various different display removed at various different intervals.intervals.

Sperling’s experiments required the tests to Sperling’s experiments required the tests to recall as many elements from a visual recall as many elements from a visual display removed at various different display removed at various different intervals.intervals.

2 B 3 9

2 0 U 0

Y E 7 N

Sperling’s experiments required the tests to Sperling’s experiments required the tests to recall as many elements from a visual recall as many elements from a visual display removed at various different display removed at various different intervals.intervals.

Sperling’s experiments Sperling’s experiments (2)(2)

Sperling’s experiments concluded Sperling’s experiments concluded the idea of iconic memory – a the idea of iconic memory – a “single, visible, precategorical, high-“single, visible, precategorical, high-capacity, quickly decaying memory”.capacity, quickly decaying memory”.

Problems with Iconic Problems with Iconic MemoryMemory

In some experiments (Merikle, In some experiments (Merikle, 1980), iconic memory is not 1980), iconic memory is not precategorical.precategorical.

The idea of output interference.The idea of output interference. The types of errors that the subjects The types of errors that the subjects

make.make. Stimulus persistence is different Stimulus persistence is different

from information persistence.from information persistence.

Echoic MemoryEchoic Memory

Echoic memoryEchoic memory:: A type of sensory memoryA type of sensory memory Was named by Neisser in 1967Was named by Neisser in 1967

Precategorical Acoustic Precategorical Acoustic StoreStore

Precategorical Acoustic Store (PAS) Precategorical Acoustic Store (PAS) is the best modality which is seen as is the best modality which is seen as a specific theory of echoic memory.a specific theory of echoic memory.

PAS makes several predictions about PAS makes several predictions about the the modality effectmodality effect..

PAS’s predictionsPAS’s predictions

No recency effect will be observable No recency effect will be observable with visual presentation when serial with visual presentation when serial recall is the measure.recall is the measure.

The usefulness of the supplementary The usefulness of the supplementary information in PAS.information in PAS.

Other Theories of Echoic Other Theories of Echoic MemoryMemory

The Changing-State HypothesisThe Changing-State Hypothesis The Primary Linguistic Code The Primary Linguistic Code

HypothesisHypothesis The Multicomponent ViewThe Multicomponent View

Cannot address the modality and suffix effects observed with tactile stimuli

Tests of the changing state hypothesis have generally not been supportive

Cannot explain tactile modality and suffix effects

Odor MemoryOdor Memory

Studies of odor memory have lagged Studies of odor memory have lagged far behind studies of visual and far behind studies of visual and auditory memory.auditory memory.

Continuing debate in odor memory.Continuing debate in odor memory.

Thank you for listening!Thank you for listening!