Searching WorldCat Indexes - Princeton University...

Searching WorldCat Indexes

(Abridgement of OCLC’s Searching WorldCat Indexes. References to OCLC’s other services, FirstSearch and Resource Sharing, have been eliminated. This document refers only to Connexion searching. References to and examples of derived searches have also been eliminated since derived searches are legacies of the old OCLC database)

Please note: Connexion supports the following non-Latin/non-roman scripts: Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Tamil and Thai. Many WorldCat indexes support both Latin script and non-Latin script search terms. This will be noted in examples.

Examples of searches in this guide are given in full search syntax (all parts of a search in correct order and format, including index labels and punctuation, search terms, Boolean operators, and qualifiers). From full syntax examples, you can extrapolate the parts of a search you would enter or select in boxes and lists to construct a basic or guided form of the search.

Indexing for bibliographic institution records (IRs)

About IRs. Institution records are contributed by individual libraries whose authorizations include IRs. They are intended to preserve local library notes, locations, and other data which may be of general interest. They are attached to WorldCat master records.

When the IR index option is set, your search includes the fields and subfields of both master records and attached IRs for the index you specify. However, the search retrieves only worldcat master records with data that matches the search and any master records that have IRs with unique data that matches the search. You cannot retrieve IRs directly from a WorldCat search, but you can display them from a master record.

To search IRs: Open SearchWorldCat box and then click Settings. Check “Include Institution Record Indexes when searching WorldCat”

WorldCat search results include only the master records to which IRs are attached. You can only display attached IR(s) from a master record.

When this option is set, both master records and IRs will be searched but only the master record will be retrieved.

To view IRs:With a WorldCat record displayed that has IRs attached, click Cataloging > Show and then click one of the following:

All Institution Records My Institution Records Institution Records for [enter the OCLC symbol for a library whose IRs you want to view]

You can also add icons for these actions to your toolbar:Tools>Toolbar Editor>drag icon to your toolbar CatalogingShowAllInstitutionRecords

CatalogingShowMyInsitutionRecordsCatalogingShowInstitutionRecordsfor

If you are authorized to work with IRs, you can create and add, edit and replace, or delete your own institution records only. However, anyone can copy and paste, export, or print IRs. Also, anyone can view IRs attached to retrieved master records without setting the option to include IR indexes in WorldCat searches.

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http://www.oclc.org/support/documentation/worldcat/searching/searchworldcatindexes/

Types of searches

Abridgement of: Searching WorldCat indexes: types of searches.

Basic guidelines

Index labels and punctuation required. Always use index labels followed by correct punctuation and then the search term–for example, kw:politics–unless you are selecting indexes from a list.

Exceptions: In a Connexion command line search index labels are not required for the following searches if they are the first or only element of a full syntax search:

o ISBN searcho OCLC number search preceded by an asterisk (*) or number sign (#)

Keyword index is default. If you do not include an index label, the system uses the keyword index (kw:) as the default. See a description of the keyword index in "WorldCat index descriptions."

Spacing. o In Connexion, do not enter spaces between the index label and punctuation or between

punctuation and the search term. Example: kw:software. Case. Index labels and search terms can be upper- or lowercase or a combination. Stopwords. The system ignores common words in some types of searches. You can omit them

from search terms. See a list of stopwords for keyword searches and a list for derived name searches in sections below that cover these search types.

Non-Latin scripts in searches. Use any supported non-Latin script for Worldcat searches in the Connexion client interface. Currently supported non-Latin scripts include: Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Tamil, and Thai scripts.

Treatment of initial articles in searches

Omit initial articles in the following types of searches:

Beginning of these searches: o Title word and phrase browsing (index scanning)

Keyword searches: stopwords are not indexed. (See list of keyword stopwords later in this section.)

Title phrase (ti=) searches: The system automatically ignores English articles a, an, and the.

See a comprehensive list of initial articles on the Library of Congress Web site.

Notes:

If a word listed as an initial article on the LC Web page is the first word of a search but has a different meaning (for example, ein or un used to mean one, or thé used to mean tea), include the word in a search.

In cataloging, a second indicator of 1 or higher in a field indicates how many initial character spaces to ignore for indexing, filing, and sorting.

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http://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/bdapp-e.html

http://www.oclc.org/support/documentation/worldcat/searching/searchworldcatindexes/#search_worldcat_searchtypes.fm

Word, phrase, or whole phrase searches

Many WorldCat keyword and numeric indexes are searchable and browsable separately by words, phrases, and whole phrases. Index labels and punctuation distinguish whether you want to find a word, phrase, or whole phrase in an index, as shown in the following table:

Search by ... Format of index label

System finds Example

Word xx: Word or number anywhere in indexed field

Publisher:pb:dakota

Dewey Class Number: dd:616

LC Class Number: lc:z5074.g8Phrase(Left-anchored)

xx= Complete data in indexed subfield Personal name phrase: pn=james, henry

Publisher phrase: pb=namgyal institute of tibetology

Whole phrase(Left-anchored)

xxw= Complete data in indexed field, across all indexed subfields Personal name whole phrase: pnw=james,

henry 1843-1916

Subject whole phrase: suw=library science computer network resources

Note: Use the same index labels and punctuation for browsing.

In a Connexion command line search, precede with the Scan command (sca) and a space.Example:sca ti:buddenbrooks

Guidelines for word, phrase, and whole phrase searches

Word indexes:

Enter multiple words in a string (do not separate with Boolean and) to find any instance of any term in a single index.Example:ti:asian crisis

Enclose more than one word in quotation marks to find the exact sequence of the words.Example:ti:"asian crisis"

Combine words with proximity operators with (w) or near (n) and an optional number (1 to 25) to find the exact sequence of the words or the sequence with no more than the specified number of words between. (See "Combine, qualify, expand searches" for more details.)Example:ti:asian w2 crisis

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Phrase indexes:

Include all subfield data, or truncate using the asterisk (*).Example: pb=namgyal institute*

Alternative: Browse for the phrase: [sca ]pb=namgyal instituteUse the scan (sca) command in a Connexion command line search

Retain periods in classification numbers. Omit initial articles in titles. Retain the first comma for personal name indexes if it is not the last element in the subfield. Retain hyphens in dates. Omit other punctuation.

Whole phrase indexes:

Enter all field data, or truncate using an asterisk (*).Example: suw=library science computer*

Alternative: Browse for the whole phrase: In Connexion, enter sca suw=library science computer. Follow the same guidelines for punctuation and initial articles as for phrase searches.

Combine word, phrase, or whole phrase searches in more than one index with Boolean operators. (See "Combine, qualify, expand searches" for more details.)

Numeric searches

Searching for numbers–accession numbers, such as the OCLC control number or LCCN; standard numbers, such as an ISBN or ISSN; or a class number, such as a Dewey or Library of Congress classification number–is one of the most efficient ways to search.

A number search can retrieve a single record (for example, by its unique ISBN) or precisely related records (for example, by class number). Numbers are usually unique to a single record or group of related records.

A number search is simply entering a number as a keyword. Follow these general guidelines to search for significant numbers in records:

Type all numbers and letters.

Tip for entering ISBNs ending in x: If you use the number keypad, truncate the number using the asterisk key (*).

Omit spaces. Omit punctuation, except keep periods (.) in classification numbers.

Keyword searches

A keyword is any word that is part of a record's bibliographic information and is significant or descriptive enough to retrieve the record(s) you need.

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A word is any character(s) between two blank spaces:

Initials and abbreviations are words. Words with characters attached by punctuation marks, such as an apostrophe, are not yet

normalized in the system (that is, they are not indexed together so that a search term with or without the character retrieves the same records).

For now, you can enter both forms combined with OR to retrieve all appropriate records.

Example: To search the title index for l'étranger, type ti:etranger or letranger.

For hyphenated words: o Substitute a space for the hyphen (system treats as two words). If searching a word index

rather than a phrase index, enclose the two parts of the hyphenated word in quotation marks to find the words together in sequence.

Keywords can be combined in searches. Type a string of words to search a single index for any instance of the words in indexed fields (enclose words in quotation marks to find the words together in exact sequence) or combine with Boolean operators (and, or, not) to search multiple indexes.

Examples:ti:asian crisisti:asian and su:crisis

Stopwords for keyword searches

The system ignores the following common words in a keyword search statement:

a but he it so to youan by her its than was and for his not that were are from if of the when as had in on their which at has into or there with be have is she this would

To use any of these words as search terms, enclose them in quotation marks.

Example: To search for the title And Then There Were None, which includes three stopwords, type ti:"and" then "there" "were" none.

Browsing

Browsing scans an index with the intent of finding a matched term or the closest matching term, rather than retrieving records. Selecting a term in a browse results list then retrieves the relevant record(s).

Browse WorldCat using:

A word that appears anywhere in indexed fields and subfields.

Or An exact phrase (complete subfield) or whole phrase (complete field), starting with the first word

and including all words (but excluding initial articles in titles). The phrase you enter is matched character by character, from left to right, against the characters of the phrase in the index you

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specify.

The system returns a list of terms showing a match or the closest match, along with terms that precede and follow the matching term. When you open an entry on the list, you see the record or a list of records retrieved for that term.

Follow these general guidelines for browsing:

Include up to 60 letters, numbers, spaces, or these characters: ( ) & Omit initial articles and non-English equivalents from titles (as listed on the Library of Congress

Web site). Include hyphens or substitute a space (system treats as two words).

Example:

sca td:asymmetrically distributed finds both titles, Asymmetrically-distributed variations... and Asymmetrically distributed information....

Do not use qualifiers, wildcards, or combined terms for browsing.

Tips for browsing

Truncation. Browsing provides automatic truncation without using the truncation symbol. Type only as many characters or words as needed.

Example: To browse for the title Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, type tiw=let us now praise famous

Browse for titles. o Use the title phrase index (ti=) to browse for title/subtitle combinations. The title browse

index includes 245 ‡b. o In Connexion: Use the title whole phrase index (tiw=) to browse for a title proper

(cataloger-constructed title access point). The index excludes 245 ‡b.

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Selection of indexes from OCLC documentation

WorldCat indexes are described in alphabetical order. Some indexes include word, phrase (complete subfield), or whole phrase (complete field) versions, or a combination of these. See "Types of searches" for a detailed explanation of word, phrase, and whole phrase indexing.

Asterisks next to index names. Asterisks indicate qualifier indexes used mainly to limit search terms.

In Connexion some values and codes for qualifying searches can be entered by simply preceding with a slash instead of an index label and colon (:) or equal sign (=).

These charts have been simplified to include only Connexion information. OCLC’s own documentation covers all OCLC services, including FirstSearch and WorldCat Resource Sharing, which have different indexing and searching capabilities.

(For additional indexes see OCLC’s Searching WorldCat Indexes)

Cataloging source* (cs=)

*Qualifer index

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed

Guidelines and examples

OCLC institution symbol

cs= 040 a c

For institution records:Symbols in the Admin field

Available only for searching. Use a single OCLC institution symbol per search. Use to limit searches.

Example:cs=ocl

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Note on Library of Congress records: To retrieve records contributed by the Library of Congress or by specific LC cooperative programs, use Cooperative programs index (dl:) with value y (dl:y).

Character sets present (vp:)



Character set symbol

vp: Records are retrieved based on the following data:

066

Available only for searching. Non-Latin scripts in records can be viewed in

the Connexion client interface. Enter a symbol for a character set. Those

currently supported are: o vp:ara (Arabic)o vp:ben (Bengali)o vp:cjk (Chinese, Japanese, and

Korean)o vp:cyr (Cyrillic)o vp:dev (Devanagari)o vp:gre (Greek)o vp:hbr (Hebrew)o vp:tam (Tamil)o vp:tha (Thai)

Example: To view Cyrillic records for items published in 1985:

Type vp:cyr and yr:1985

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Cooperative programs* (dl:) *Qualifier index

Also called the "DLC restrictor" or "Source" index.



Code or value for Library of Congress/specific LC cooperative programs as cataloging source

dl: Records are retrieved if they contain the data below

008 Srce c040 c DLC040 a DLC040 a DLC/other data040 a Other data/DLC042 a lcderive042 a lccopycat042 a lccopycat-nm042 a lcode042 a pcc042 a lcnccp042 a premarc042 a lcac042 a lc042 a lcd042 a msc042 a nsdp042 a nst

Available only for searching. Use to limit searches to records

produced by the Library of Congress (LC) or LC cooperative programs.

May enter either as slash qualifier: /dlcOrWith index label and value y: dl:y

y is the only valid value. If selecting a value from a list, select

DLC.

Note: To retrieve records contributed by a specific library, use Cataloging Source phrase index (cs=) (see description above) and an OCLC-assigned institution symbol.

Corporate/Conference name (cn: or cn= or cnw=)

Search by ...

Label Fields and subfields indexed

Guidelines and/or examples

Word cn: 110 a-e n u111 a c d e n q u710 a-e n711 a c d e n q

Available for searching and browsing. Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali,

Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Hebrew, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Tamil, and Thai scripts are currently supported.

Example:cn:caedmon

Phrase cn= 110 a-d n Available for searching and browsing.

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111 a c d e n q710 a-d n 711 a c d e n q

Supports non-Latin script searches. Do not include commas

Examples:cn=caedmon recordscn=herdman hills & mangsen (finds Herdman, Hills & Mangsen)

Whole phrase

cnw= 110 a-d n111 a c d e n q710 a-d n (d n are included only if they occur left of first subfield t or k)711 a c d e n q (n is included only if it occurs left of first subfield t or k)

Available for searching and browsing Supports non-Latin script searches. Do not include commas.

Example:cnw=general motors cancer research foundation

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Corporate/Conference subject (nc: or nc= or ncw=)

Search by ...



Word nc: 610 a-c d n p611 a c d e n p q

Available for searching and browsing Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese,

Cyrillic, Devanagari, Hebrew, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Tamil, and Thai scripts are currently supported.

Example:

ncw=orthodox eastern church/rec

Phrase nc=Whole phrase

ncw=

Country of publication (cp: or cp=)

Search by ...



Country code or name

cp: 008 15-17044 a c

In Connexion, available only for searching Enter MARC code or name:

o 2- or 3-letter country codeOr

o Name of countrySee http://www.loc.gov/marc/countries/cou_home.html on the Library of Congress Web site for codes and names.

Use mainly to limit searches.

Phrase cp=

Descriptors (de: or de=)

Search by ...



Word de: 600 x610 x611 x630 x 648 x650 a b x651 x654 x655 x

de: is available only for searching de= is available for searching and browsing. Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese,


Example:de=history and criticism/2005/dlc

Phrase de=

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http://www.loc.gov/marc/countries/cou_home.html

Format/Document type (dt=)



Format/Document Type code

dt= Presence of both Leader/06 (Type) andLeader/07 (BLvl)

Available for searching only. Use with index label and punctuation. This index determines groupings for search

results, where record groups correspond to primary document type.

To limit results by a format/document type, enter and dt= followed by a format code.Examples:pn:twain, mark and dt=vis

To exclude a format/document type, enter not dt= followed by a format code.Examples:ti:buddenbrooks not dt=bks

This index is the only WorldCat index that does not cover institution records. It covers master records only.

Note: If you use a guided or advanced/expert search, selecting indexes and other parts of a search rather than typing a full syntax search:

In a Connexion guided search, select a format (or select Any) from the Format list to limit a search to that format.

Guided search drop-down list in Connexion:

[Any]Books BKSComputer Files COMContinuing Resources CNRIntegrating Resources INTMaps MAPMixed Materials MIXScores SCOSerials SERSound Recordings RECVisual Materials VIS

Narrower categories are available in Material type (mt: or mt=)

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Genre/Form (ge: or ge=)

Search by ...



Word ge: 600 v610 v611 v630 v648 v650 v651 v654 v655 a b v

Available for searching and browsing. Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese,


Examples:

ge:novel

ge=spanish literature

Phrase ge=

ISBN (bn: or bn=)

ISBN = International Standard Book Number

Search by ...



Word bn: 020 a z Available only for searching Using index label is optional if ISBN is the first or only

element of full syntax search in Connexion command line Omit hyphens if no index label. Omit or enter hyphens with index label.

Example:

To search for 0-85109-130-x

Type 085109130x or bn:085109130x

Phrase bn=

ISSN (in: or in=)

ISSN = International Standard Serial Number

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examplesWord in: 022 a y z Available only for searching.

Always include hyphens.

Example:

To search for 0018-165xType in:0018-165x

Phrase in=

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Keyword (kw:)

System uses as default index if you omit an index label from a search.

Search by ...



Word kw: Same fields and subfields as the following indexes:

Name word index

Title word index Subject word

index Notes word

index ISBN word

index

In addition, indexes:034 b c d e f g052 a b255 a b c d e008 Date 1 Date 2



For 052 a and b: o Subfield a is indexed separately.o Each subfield b combined with subfield a is

indexed separately. Indexes single word only, but you can combine more

than one keyword search.

Examples:kw:space and yr:2000-4

kw:space and kw:aeronautics

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Language* (la: or la=) *Qualifer index



2- or 3-letter code or language name

la: 008/35-37

041 b d e f g

041 a if indicator 1 = 0

041 2 if indicator 2 = 7

Available for searching and browsing. See list of language names and codes on the

Library of Congress Web site. Look under Name Sequence.

2-letter codes are in ISO 639. Use to limit a search to records with one or more

languages (see more in "Combine, qualify, expand search terms" below ).

Note: When you do a guided search in Connexion and select a language from a drop-down list, the system uses this la: or ln: word index.

Examples:

la:eng or la:english 2- or 3-letter code la= 008/35-37

Retrieves records based only on 008 language code

Available only for searching. Searchable only by code; see URL given above

for location of code list. Use to limit a search to records with one primary

language (see more in "Combine, qualify, expand searches" below ).

Example:la=apa

Note: Code zxx is a valid language code in records for items that have no associated language (for example, scores or sound recordings with no sung or spoken text).

LC class number (lc: or lc=)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examplesWord lc:

050 a055 a if indicator 2 = 0-5090 a699 a if indicator 2 = 0

Available for searching and browsing. Enter all numbers and letters. Include periods. Omit all other punctuation. Omit spaces.

Example:

lc:ps3515.e37 and yr:1999

Phrase lc=

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http://www.loc.gov/marc/languages

http://www.loc.gov/marc/languages

Material type* (mt: or mt=) *Qualifier index

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples3-character code or name

See selected list of codes and names below, in alphabetic order by name.

For complete list see OCLC documentation

mt: Values in Type (Leader/06),BLvl (Leader/07),Field 007,Field 008,other fields

See "Format and material type values indexed," for a comprehensive list of values.

Available only for searching Use to limit searches to a

specific type of material. Type a name or code exactly as

given in the list, except not case sensitive.

See complete list of material type names and codes in OCLC documentation

Example:

To find The sound of music in CD audio

Type ti=sound of music and mt:cda

Or

Type ti=sound of music and mt=cd audio

Notes: See also Format/Document type

index for limiting searches by broader types (de=; see OCLC documentation)

mt= Available only for searching.

Allows you to search for material type names composed of more than one word.

Command line searching allows many more Material Types to add as qualifiers to searches. A full list is found in OCLC’s Searching WorldCat Indexes.

Guided search drop-down list in Connexion:

[Any]Biography bioCD audio cdaComputer game cgmDVD video dvvFiction ficGovernment publication gpbJuvenile (all types) juvThesis/dissertation degVHS tape vhsWeb access web

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Partial list of additional mts:

CNP Conference publication (subset of dt=bks)MOT Film (subset of dt=vis)LPS LP (subset of dt=rec)MIC Microform (subset of dt=bks) MFL Microfilm (subset of mt=mic; subset of dt=bks)PER Periodical (subset of dt=ser)

Broader categories are available in Format/document type (dt=)

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Name (au: or au= or auw=)

Search by ...



Word au:100 a-d j q u110 a-e n u111 a c d e n q u245 c505 r508 a511 a550 a700 a-d j q u710 a-e n711 a c d e n q720 a770 a773 a780 a785 a787 a800 a-d q u810 a-e n811 a c d e n q



Example:

au:sagan

Phrase au=100 a-d j q110 a-d n111 a c d e n q700 a-d j q710 a-d n711 a c d e n q720 a

Available for searching and browsing. Supports non-Latin script searches. Retaining first comma is optional.

Example:

au=sagan, carl

Or

au=sagan carlWhole phrase

auw= 100 a-d j q110 a-d g n111 a c d e g n q700 a-d j q710 a-d g n (d g n only if left of first subfield k or t)

711 a c d e g n q (g n only if left of first subfield k or t)800 a-d j q810 a-d g n (d g n only if left of first subfield k or t)811 a c d e g n q (g n only if left of first subfield k or t)

Available for searching and browsing. Supports non-Latin script searches. Retain first comma and hyphens in dates.

Example:

auw=sagan, carl 1934-

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For narrower name searches:

Personal name (pn: or pn= or pnw=) search and browseSearches 100 a-d j q u700 a-d j q u

Corporate/Conference name (cn: or cn= or cnw=) search and browseSearches

110 a-e n u111 a-e n q u710 a-e n711 a-e n q

(For additional examples see OCLC’s Searching WorldCat Indexes)

Notes (nt:)

Search by ...



Word nt:500 a501 a502 a504 a505 a r t508 a511 a518 a520 a b521 a533 a b c d e f n534 a t536 a-h538 a545 a550 a753 a b c



Example:

nt:letterpress

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Publisher (pb: or pb=)

Search by ...



Word pb:260 b f261 a b e262 b533 c



Examples:

pb:vintage and yr:1950-5

pb=vintage books and yr:1950-5

Phrase pb=

Publisher location (pl:)

Search by ...



Word pl:260 a e261 f262 a533 b752 a-d



Example:

pl:stockholm

Series (se: or se= or sew=)

Search by ...



Word se:440 a n p v x490 a v x533 f534 f760 a s t x y762 a s t x y800 a-e g k m-t v810 a-e g k m-p r-t v811 a c-e g k n p s t v830 a d f g k m-p r-t v

Available for searching and browsing Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese,


Examples:

se:fairies

se=rainbow magic

sew=rainbow magic the jewel fairies

Phrase se=Whole phrase

sew=

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Subject (su: or su= or suw=)

Search by



Word su: 600 a-e g j k m-t v x-z610 a-e g k m-p r-t v x-z611 a c-e g k n p q t v x-z630 a d k m-p r-t v x-z648 a v x-z650 a b v x-z651 a v x-z653 a654 a b v x y z655 a b v x-z



Retain first comma in name, if the comma is not the last element of a subfield.

Examples:

su:horror and yr:1990 and mt:rec

su=french language and su:instruction and yr:1990

suw=french language self instruction and yr:1990

suw=english language textbooks for foreign speakers chinese and yr:1990

Phrase su=Whole phrase

suw=

For narrower subject searches:

LCSH (hl: or hl= or hlw=) search and browseSearches same 6xx fields & subfields as su (above), but only if indicator 2 is 0

Personal name subject (na: or na= or naw=) search and browseSearches 600 a-d j q

Corporate/Conference subject nc: or nc= or ncw=) search and browseSearches 610 a-c d n p611 a c-e n p q

Genre/Form (ge: or ge=) search and browseSearches 600-654 v655 a b v

Descriptors (de: or de=) search onlySearches 600-648 x

650 a b x651-655 x

(For additional examples see OCLC’s Searching WorldCat Indexes)

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Title (ti: or ti= or tiw=)

Search by ...



Word ti:031 d t100 t110 t111 t130 a d f g k m-p r-t210 a214 a222 a b240 a d f g k m-p r s242 a b n p243 a d f g k m-p r s245 a b f g k n p246 a b n p247 a b n p440 a n p490 a505 t700 g k m-p r-t710 d g k m-p r-t711 g k n p s t730 a d f g k m-p r-t740 a n p770 a s t773 p s t780 s t785 s t787 s t800 g k m-p r-t810 d g k m-p r-t811 g k n p s t830 a d f g k m-p r-t v



If you type more than one word, the system searches for any incidence of any of the words anywhere in an indexed title field (spaces act as and).

Examples:

ti:existentialism and mt:bks and yr:1900-55

ti:"mr and mrs" and yr:2000

Phrase ti=031 d t130 a d f g k m-p r-t222 a b240 a d f g k m-p r s245 a b f g k n p246 a b n p505 t730 a d f g k m-p r-t740 a n p

Available for searching and browsing. Supports non-Latin script searches. Omit initial articles. Indexes title alone, title and subtitle together, and

subtitle alone.

Example:

ti=canterbury tales

ti=canterbury tales composd for the entertainment*

ti=composed for the entertainment*Whole phrase

tiw= 031 d t130 a d f-h k-p r-t

222 a b

240 a d f-h k-p r s

Available for searching and Supports non-Latin script searches.

Omit initial articles. Indexes title only (cataloger-constructed). Does not

index title and subtitle combined or subtitle alone.

Example:

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245 a f g k n p

246 a b n p

440 a n p

700 f-h k-p r-t

710 d f-h k-p r-t (d g n only if to the right of first subfield k or t)

711 f-h k l n p s t (g n only if to the right of first subfield k or t)

730 a d f-h k-p r-t

740 a h n p

800 f-h k-p r-t v

810 d f-h k-p r-t v (d g n only if to the right of first subfield k or t)

811 f-h k l n p s t v (g n only if to the right of first subfield k or t)

830 a d f-h k-p r-t

tiw=let us now praise famous men

Uniform title (ut: or ut= or utw=) search and browseSearches 130 a d f g k m-p r-t

240 a d f g k m-p r-s243 a d f g k m-p r-s700 g k m-p r-t710 d g k m-p r-t711 d g k n p s t730 a d f g k-p r-t

(For additional examples see OCLC’s Searching WorldCat Indexe s )

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Year* (yr:) *Qualifier index

Search by Label Fields/subfields indexed


Year(s) of publication

yr: 008/07-10 Date1046 c

Use to limit searches. Enter either as a slash qualifier or enter with index

label and colon.Example:ti=huckleberry finn/1994Orti=huckleberry finn and yr:1994

To exclude a year or years, use not yr:Examplesu=september 11 terrorist attacks not yr:1994

Enter single year or range of years or specify as shown in the following examples:

o Single year: ti=huckleberry finn and yr:1994

o Decade:ti=huckleberry finn and yr:199?

o Century: ti=huckleberry finn and yr:19??

o Single year and all later years:ti=huckleberry finn and yr:1999-

o Single year and all earlier years: ti=huckleberry finn and yr:-1960

o Range of years:

ti=huckleberry finn and yr:1980-3ti=to the lighthouse and yr:1899-940

If the year has fewer than four numbers, add leading zeroes to make the date four digits long.Example: yr:0099

For unknown dates (code u), substitute zero.Example:In Date1, 19uu: type yr:1900

For no date, enter zeroes.Example: mt:dvd and yr:0000

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Combine, qualify, and expand WorldCat searches

(abridgement of: Searching WorldCat indexes: Combine, qualify and expand)

Combine searches

Use the Boolean operators shown in the following table for combining search terms to narrow or broaden searches:

Boolean operator

What the operator does Example

and Finds all terms anywhere in a record.

su:wom?n and ti:history and gc:new york and yr:1970-

or Finds any single term or all terms. pn=woolf, virginia or pn=woolf, leonard and yr:1900-50

not Excludes the term that follows not.

ti=civil war not su:battle not gc=united states

Use the following proximity operators to indicate relationship and, optionally, position of search terms in relation to each other:

Proximity operators

What the operator does Example

with(or w)

Finds both terms, in the order typed, with no words between.

ti:aluminum w wiring

Alternate:Enclose phrase in quotation marks: ti:"aluminum wiring"

Followed by a number (1 to 25), finds both terms, in the order typed, with no more than the specified number of words between.

ti:aluminum w2 wiring

near(or n)

Finds both terms, in any order, with no words between. ti:moon n eclipseFollowed by a number (1 to 25), finds both terms, in any order, with no more than the specified number of words between.

ti:chicken n3 egg

Nesting. Boolean searches can be nested using parentheses.

Example:ut:(civil w1 war) and (battlefield w1 command*)

Include an operator as a keyword in a search. To use and, or, not, with, or near as part of a search statement, enclose it in quotation marks to prevent the system from treating it as an operator.

Example:To search for the title Neighbors Near and Far which includes near and and, normally treated as operators, type ti:neighbors "near" "and" far.

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http://www.oclc.org/support/documentation/worldcat/searching/searchworldcatindexes/#cat_sch_qual_combine.fm

Guidelines for combining searches

Type operators between search terms to combine them. Do not use Boolean or proximity operators and, or, not, with, or near for browsing (scanning

indexes). Do not use proximity operators with or near for derived searches. Do not truncate a music publisher number or government document number in a combined search;

type the complete number.

Qualifiers

You can qualify keyword searches to make a search more precise. You cannot qualify browse terms. Qualifiers limit searches by specific attributes. Qualifiers limit searches by specific attributes. The following WorldCat search qualifiers can be preceded by a slash (/) or by an index label and colon (:):

Format (type of material) (mt: or /[format]). Slash qualifiers can be used for the following MARC formats only: Books (mt:bks or /bks), Computer Files (mt:com or /com), Continuing Resources (mt:cnr or /cnr), Integrating Resources (mt:inr or /inr), Maps (mt:map or /map), Mixed Materials (mt:mix or /mix), Scores (mt:sco or /sco), Serials (mt:ser or /ser), Sound Recordings (mt:rec or /rec), and Visual Materials (mt:vis or /vis).

Year(s) of publication (yr: or /[year]). Microform or not microform (mf:mic or mf:nmc or /mf or /nmc). Cataloging source (Library of Congress) (dl:y or /dlc).

The following qualifiers can be preceded only by an index label and colon (:):

Material type (mt:). To qualify by any MARC-defined material type, use the index label and the appropriate 3-letter code.

Internet/non-Internet (mt:url or not mt:url). Language (la:). To qualify by language, use the index label and the appropriate 3-letter MARC

code (or the full name of a language). For example, la:spa or la:spanish)

Qualify Command Line searches

Type qualifiers as part of a Command Line Search in the Search WorldCat screen:

ActionSlash qualifiers:

In the Search WorldCat screen, under Command Line Search, type an index label, a colon, and a keyword/numeric or derived search, followed by a slash and then a qualifier (no spaces).

Notes:

Slashes can be used only with format (for the MARC formats only), year, microform, and source qualifiers. Internet and language qualifiers must be used with an index label followed by a colon.

Slash qualifiers must be the last elements of a search.

Examples:

Keyword search in the Command Line for a map of Scotland:su scotland/map

Derived search in the Command Line for the title Gone with the Wind in book format published in the year 1980:

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gon,wi,th,w/bks/1980

Qualifier index labels:

Instead of slashes, follow the search with a space, the Boolean operator and, a space, a qualifier label, a colon, and a qualifier value.

Example:

Keyword search in the Command Line for the subject Navajo in materials published in 1980 or later:su:navajo and yr:1980-

Guidelines for qualifying searches

Use slashes or index labels with the following four types of qualifiers: type of material (MARC formats only), years, microform, or source (/dlc).

Use index labels only to qualify a search by any MARC-defined material type, Internet/non-Internet or a language (slashes are unavailable).

You can use only one qualifier of each type in a search, for a maximum of six qualifiers per search.

Slash qualifiers must appear in the last position within the search statement. Qualifiers with index labels (followed by colons) can appear anywhere in a search. Type qualifiers in any order. For keyword searches, you cannot qualify by no date

Qualify guided searches in the Keyword/Numeric Search area

Qualify searches in the Keyword/Numeric Search area of the Search WorldCat screen by selecting from lists or typing in a text box:

ActionIn the Search WorldCat screen, under Keyword/Numeric Search, after you enter search term(s) and select indexes, select one or more of the following qualifiers:

To qualify by language, in the Language list, select a language.

Limit or expand the list of languages: By default the system lists nine of the most commonly used languages in WorldCat records. To expand the selection to a comprehensive list of languages, click the More Languages button. The button text becomes Fewer Languages. To return to the short list, click the Fewer Languages button.

To limit by format (MARC formats only), in the Format list, select Books, Computer Files, Continuing Resources, Integrating Resources, Maps, Mixed Materials, Scores, Sound Recordings, or Visual Materials.

To limit by any MARC-defined material type, in the Mat. Type list, select the type you want.Limit or expand the list of material types: By default the system lists only the material types most commonly used in WorldCat records. To expand the selection to a comprehensive list of MARC-defined types, click the More Material Types button. The button text becomes Fewer Material Types. To return to the short list, click the Fewer Material Types button. (+ & -)

To exclude or limit to internet resources, in the Internet list, click Not Internet or Internet, respectively.

To limit to materials cataloged by the Library of Congress, in the Cataloging Source list, select DLC.

To exclude or limit to microforms, in the Microform list, click Not Microform or Microform, respectively.

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To limit by publication years, in the Years text box, type a year or range of years.

Default for all qualifiers: Any or [blank]

List of qualifiers and values

Qualification by (Qualifier Label)

Available limits How to enter

Format, type of material (mt:)

MARC formats:Books (bks)Computer Files (com)Continuing Resources (cnr)Integrating Resources (inr)Maps (map)Mixed Material (mix))Scores (sco)Serials (ser)Sound Recordings (rec)Visual Materials (vis)

Command Line Search area

To limit by the MARC formats:Enter as slash qualifier or use the index label with the following values:/bks or mt:bks/com or mt:com/cnr or mt:cnr/inr or mt:inr/map or mt:map/mix or mt:mix/ser or mt:ser/sco or mt:sco/rec or mt:rec/vis or mt:vis

To exclude a format, use not:not mt:cnr

Keyword/Numeric Search area

To limit by the MARC formats, in the Format list, select the format you want.

Material type (mt:) All MARC-defined material types To limit by any MARC-defined material type, use the index label and the 3-letter code;mt:vidTo exclude a material type, use not:not mt:vid


To limit by any MARC-defined material type, in the Mat. Type list, select the type you want.

Years of publication (yr)

(m=millennium, c=century, d=decade, y=year)

Single year [mcdy]

Decade [mcd?]

Century [mc??]

Single year and all later years [mcdy-]

Single year and all earlier years [-mcdy]


Enter as a slash qualifier or with index label and colon:/1994 or yr:1994

To exclude a year or years, use not:not yr:1994


In the Years box, type a year or range of years.

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Range of years:[mcdy-y][mcdy-dy][mcdy-cdy][mcdy-mcdy]

No date (derived and numeric only)

Examples:

199?19??1995--19951980-31880-911880-9201880-1920

Microform or not microform (mf:)

Microform

Not microform


Enter as slash qualifier:/mf (microform) or /nm (not microform)

Or enter the index label and one of the following two values:mf:mic or mf:nmc


In the Microform list, select Microform or Not Microform

Source (dl:) Library of Congress/Program for Cooperative Cataloging

Note: To retrieve records contributed by a specific library, use the Cataloging Source phrase index (cs=) and an OCLC symbol.


Enter as slash qualifier: /dlc

Or enter the index label and value: dl:y

Note: When the qualifier is used with the index label, the only value is y.


In the Source list, select Any or DLC.

Internet (mt:) Internet(Limit results to records for Internet resources)

Non-Internet(Exclude records for Internet resources)


Use the index label and one of the following two values:mt:url or not mt:url

(Unavailable as a slash qualifier)


In the Internet list, select Internet or Non-Internet

Language (la:) A language you specify. (Limit results to records that describe works in a selected language.)Any: no language specified(Results can include records for works in any language.)


Use the index label and the three-letter MARC code or the name of the language spelled out:la:spa or la:spanish

(Unavailable as a slash qualifier)

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In the Language list, select a language. (Click the plus (+) or minus (-) sign next to the list to toggle between a complete list of languages or a list of the nine most used.)

Expand or focus searches using wildcards and truncation

Use the following wildcard and truncation symbols to expand or focus searches:

Symbol Function How to use Example#(number sign)

Wildcard Replace one character in a search. wom#n retrieves woman and women

?(question mark)Or?n (question mark followed by a number from 1 to 9)

Wildcard Replace any number of unknown characters.

Or

Followed by a number, replace the specified number of unknown characters.

encyclop?dia retrieves encyclopedia and encyclopaedia

re?4tion retrieves recreation, refraction, relaxation, etc.

*(asterisk)

Truncation Add to the end of a word to retrieve variant endings.

connect* retrieves connect, connection, connectivity, etc.

Result: The system retrieves up to 300 matches to search terms when you use wildcards or truncation.

Guidelines for using truncation and wildcard symbols

Precede a truncation or wildcard symbol by at least three characters. Truncation can be used for Bengali, CJK (Chinese, Japanese, and Korean), Devanagari, Tamil,

and Thai scripts only. For other supported non-Latin scripts, use browsing for automatical truncation.

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Connexion searches arranged by MARC field

(for complete list see : Searching WorldCat indexes : List of fields and subfields indexed in tag order )

020 bn:

022 in: (always include hyphen)

040 cs= (qualifier) dl: (qualifier; for coop programs; dl:y = /dlc) Use OCLC symbols http://www.oclc.org/contacts/libraries/

043 gc: gc:

050 lc:

100 pn: pn= pnw= or au: au= auw= (broader) or kw: (broadest)

110 cn: cn= cnw= or au: au= auw= (broader) or kw: (broadest)

111 cn: cn= cnw= or au: au= auw= (broader) or kw: (broadest)

130 ut: ut= utw= or ti: ti= tiw= (broader) or kw: (broadest)

240 ut: ut= utw= or ti: ti= tiw= (broader) or kw: (broadest)

245 ti: ti= tiw= or kw: (broadest) [tiw= doesn’t index subfield b]

246 ti: ti= tiw= or kw: (broadest) [tiw= does index subfield b]

260 $a pl: $b pb: pb= $c yr: (qualifier; based on 008 field)$c kw: (based on 008 field)

300 none

440 se: se= sew= or ti: tiw= (broader) or kw: (broadest) [se searches search $a $v $x]

490 se: se= sew= or ti: (broader) or kw: (broadest) [se searches search $a $v $x]

5XX nt: or kw: (broadest)

600 na: na= naw= or su: su= suw= (broader) or kw: (broadest) $x searched by de:$v searched by ge: (also searches 655 $a)$z searched by gc: (also searches 043)

610 nc: nc= ncw= or su: su= suw= (broader) or kw: (broadest)

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http://www.oclc.org/contacts/libraries/

http://www.oclc.org/support/documentation/worldcat/searching/searchworldcatindexes/default.htm#search_worldcat_indexes_bytags.fm

611 nc: nc= ncw= or su: su= suw= (broader) or kw: (broadest)

650 su: su= suw= or kw: (broadest) $x searched by de:$v searched by ge: (also searches 655 $a)$z searched by gc: (also searches 043)

651 su: su= suw= or kw: (broadest) $x searched by de:$v searched by ge: (also searches 655 $a)$z searched by gc: (also searches 043)700 same as 100

710 same as 110

711 same as 111

730 same as 130

830 se: se= sew= or ti: tiw= (broader) or kw: (broadest) [se searches search $a $v $x]

Link to some of OCLC’s Connexion documentation:http://www.oclc.org/support/documentation/connexion/client/cataloging/

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http://www.oclc.org/support/documentation/connexion/client/cataloging/

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