Saqartvelos Radios Istoria - bolo -...

saqarTvelos radios

istoria

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakulteti

eldar iberi, Tea mJavanaZe, nana talaxaZe

saqarTvelos radios

istoria

prof. e. iberis saerTo redaqciiT

`saqarTvelos radios istoria~ momzadda iv. javaxiSvilis

saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetze. esaa pirveli mono-grafiuli naSromi saqarTvelos radios istoriaze da moi-cavs mTel mis saqmianobas daarsebidan 2004 wlis bolomde, roca igi saxelmwifo struqturidan sazogadoebriv mauwyeb-lad gardaiqmna. naSromi emyareba didZal saarqivo masalasa da radios fondSi dacul audioCanawerebs, radiopresis cno-bebs, am sferoze arsebul publikaciebs, radios veteranTa mogonebebs, TviTon avtorTa erTi nawilis radioSi muSaobis mravalwlian gamocdilebas.

naSromi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes damxmare saxelmZRva-nelod umaRles saswavleblebSi `qarTuli Jurnalistikis is-toriis~ kursis Seswavlisas, aseve SeiZleba gamoadges am dar-gSi momuSave specialistebsa da radiomauwyeblobis praqti-kos muSakebs. masSi, albaT, saTanado masala moiZebneba maT-Tvisac, vinc dainteresebulia saqarTvelos politikuri cxovrebis, kulturisa da xelovnebis uaxlesi istoriis sa-kiTxebiT.

recenzentebi: prof. niko leoniZe

prof. Tamaz jologua

© Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, 2009

ISBN 978-9941-13-117-2

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Sesavali

oTxmoc welze meti gavida mas Semdeg, rac saqarTveloSi daiwyo regularuli radiomauwyebloba. damTavrda erTi di-di monakveTi saqarTvelos radios istoriisa, roca igi saxel-mwifo mauwyeblobas warmoadgenda (sul ramdenime welia, rac man sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis statusi SeiZina). es monakveTi or gansxvavebul epoqas moicavs: pirveli — sabWoTa da meore — damoukidebeli saqarTvelosi da, ra Tqma unda, uTuod imsa-xurebs Seswavlas, miT umetes, rom dRemde arsebuli yvela ga-mokvleva qarTuli Jurnalistikis istoriaSi mxolod presas Seexeboda (Jurnal-gazeTebSi gamoqveynebuli statiebi Tu popularuli broSurebi principulad arafers cvlis). asec ar iyos, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo radio erTaderTi radio iyo qveyanaSi TiTqmis 70 wlis manZilze da Tu, rogorc ityvi-an, radio `istoriis wamis isaria~, am isris moZraoba, gansa-kuTrebiT istoriis mniSvnelovan wuTebSi, ar SeiZleba inte-ress ar iwvevdes.

yovel istoriul gamokvlevas Tavisi konkretuli miznebi da amocanebi aqvs, magram, cxadia, masze am sferosaTvis dama-xasiaTebeli zogadi kanonzomierebanic axdens gavlenas. es pirvel rigSi Seexeba erovnuli istoriis nebismieri sakiTxis Seswavlas. ilia WavWavaZis sityvebi rom gavixsenoT, `eris da-cema da gaTaxsireba maSin iwyeba, roca eri, Tavis saubedurod, Tavis istorias iviwyebs. rogorc kacad ar ixseneba is mawanwa-la bogana, visac aRar axsovs — vin aris, saidam modis da sad midis, isec erad saxsenebeli ar aris igi, romelsac RmerTi gaswyromia da Tavisi istoria ar axsovs. ra aris istoria? igia mTxrobeli misi Tu, — rani viyaviT, rani varT da rad SesaZloa viyvneT kvlavadac~.1

1 ilia WavWavaZe, daviT aRmaSenebeli, rCeuli nawarmoebebi xuT

tomad, tomi IV, Tbilisi, 1987, gv. 153.

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nebismieri sazogadoebrivi movlenis axsna da gaazreba Se-uZlebelia im istoriuli wanamZRvrebis gareSe, ramac misi dRevandeli saxe ganapiroba. saqarTvelos radio evropis gan-viTarebuli qveynebis radiomauwyeblobaTa Tanadroulad Ca-moyalibda da mravali aTeuli wlis manZilze ara marto sa-xelmwifo ideologias emsaxureboda, aramed amave dros mxar-Si edga qarTul kulturasa da xelovnebas, iRvwoda qarTuli sazogadoebrivi azris ganviTarebisaTvis, erovnuli cnobie-rebisa da sayovelTao sakacobrio RirebulebaTa damkvidre-bisaTvis. imisaTvis, rom srulad gaverkveT saqarTvelos ra-diomauwyeblobis dRevandel procesebsa da momavlis per-speqtivaSi, gavigoT, `rani varT da rad SesaZloa viyvneT~, pirvel rigSi unda gaviazroT, ra fundamentze iqmneboda igi da ra gamocdileba daedo safuZvlad, ra unda SevinarCunoT da ra davtovoT istoriis kuTvnilebad.

es gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania dRes, kosmopolitizmis moZalebis xanaSi, roca radios (da televiziis) zogierTi `moRvawe~ ironiulad aRiqvams samamulo mauwyeblobis tra-diciebs da cdilobs eTeridan gamodevnos publicistika, mxatvruli literatura, xelovneba — Secvalos isini iaffasi-ani gasarTobi programebiT. es viTomda Seesabameba mediis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove tendenciebs, romelic mxolod in-formaciiTa da garTobiT SemoisazRvreba da gamoricxavs ga-naTlebisa da esTetikuri aRzrdis funqciebs, sabavSvo audi-toriis interesebs, socialur pasuxismgeblobas.

aranakleb mniSvnelovania isic, rom qveynis demokratiza-ciis dRevandel pirobebSi SesaZlebeli gaxda warsuli mov-lenebis adekvaturi Sefaseba, ideologiur dogmebsa da kon-formistul koncefciebze uaris Tqma, istoriuli suraTis obieqturad warmoCena. naSromTan mimarTebiT es obieqturo-ba emyareba didZali saarqivo masalisa da radios fondSi da-culi audioCanawerebis Seswavlas, radiopresis cnobebs, am sferoze arsebul publikaciebs, radios veteranTa mogone-bebs, TviTon avtorebis erTi nawilis radioSi muSaobis mra-valwlian gamocdilebas.

radiomauwyebloba, garda imisa, rom masobrivi informa-ciis saSualebaTa sistemis erT-erTi Semadgeneli nawilia,

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amave dros TviTon warmoadgens sistemas — teqnikurs, organi-zaciuls, programuls. es ki niSnavs, rom mis funqcionirebaze zegavlenas axdens yoveli samauwyeblo rgoli, yoveli calke-uli elementi. aqedan gamomdinare, misi Seswavla aucileblad unda iTvaliswinebdes or aspeqts, sistemurobis or dones: jer erTi, ganixilavdes radiomauwyeblobis saxeobebs, prog-ramebsa da Janrebs ara rogorc avtonomiur, Tavis TavSi Cake-til struqturebs, aramed rogorc erTi mTliani warmonaq-mnis elementebs; da, meore, izolirebulad, sxva saSualebebi-dan mowyvetilad ki ar gaiazrebdes radiomauwyeblobas, ara-med informaciisa da xelovnebis monaTesave arxebTan urTi-erTkavSirSi (miT umetes, rom radiomauwyebloba ara mxolod Jurnalistikis, aramed mTeli dRevandeli kulturis aucile-beli da metad mniSvnelovani nawilia, mraval sistemur kav-SirSia CarTuli). aseTia Tanamedrove `konteqsturi azrovne-bis~, humanitaruli codnisadmi sistemuri midgomis moTxov-na, rac tradiciuli JurnalistikamcodneobisTvis naklebad iyo damaxasiaTebeli.

naSromSi gamoyenebuli kvlevis istorizmis, sistemuro-bisa da kompleqsurobis principebi ganapirobebs imas, rom Ti-Toeuli sakiTxi ganixileba misi ganviTarebis procesSi, sxva sakiTxebsa da problemebTan urTierTkavSirSi, sxvadasxva me-TodiT, rogorc istoriul-Teoriuli, ise praqtikuli Tval-TaxedviT. aseve, gulubryviloba iqneboda saqarTvelos radi-os Camoyalibebisa da ganviTarebis procesis analizi arsebu-li politikuri konteqstisa da socialur-filosofiuri koncefciebisagan mowyvetiT, konkretuli istoriuli piro-bebis gauTvaliswineblad. aman ganapiroba kvlevis procesSi sabWoTa epoqis zogierTi naSromis gamoyenebac miuxedavad maTi zogadTeoriuli da meTodologiuri xarvezebisa. amanve gansazRvra Sesaswavli procesis periodizaciac, rac istori-uli gamokvlevis erT-erT centralur sakiTxs warmoadgens da sabolood ganapirobebs naSromis kompoziciur struqtu-ras. aq, ra Tqma unda, gaTvaliswinebulia radioJurnalisti-kaze socialuri konteqstis gavlena, masze sazogadoebis po-litikuri da ideologiuri sistemis zemoqmedeba, magram amave dros Tavisi adgili eTmoba im procesebis mimdinareobas, ro-

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melic TviTon radiomauwyeblobis Sinagani bunebiT aris gan-pirobebuli. 80 wlis manZilze, rac saqarTvelos radiomauwy-ebloba Jurnalistikis sistemis Semadgenel nawilad iqca, man gaiara is samive ZiriTadi etapi, romelic saerTod damaxasia-Tebelia masobrivi informaciis yvela saSualebisaTvis: 1. war-moSoba da Camoyalibeba; 2. teqnikuri da SemoqmedebiTi simwi-fe; 3. Semdgomi specializacia, sakuTari specifikis maqsima-luri gamomJRavneba informaciis sxva saSualebebTan konku-renciis pirobebSi. amasTan, Tu pirveli ori etapi radioma-uwyeblobis ganviTarebis Sinagani kanonzomierebebiT iyo gan-pirobebuli da beWduri Jurnalistikis formebis jer aTvise-bis, xolo Semdeg gadalaxvis gziT mimdinareobda, mesame eta-pi ZiriTadad ganapiroba televiziis warmoSobam da saeTero JurnalistikaSi radiomauwyeblobis monopolizmis dasrulebam. yovelive es qveynis istoriis ZiriTad etapebTan erTad sa-fuZvlad daedo saqarTvelos radios istoriis periodizacias.

yovel calkeul periodSi, konkretuli socialur-poli-tikuri situaciis Sesabamisad icvleboda saqarTvelos radi-os amocanebi, magram ar icvleboda misi arsi. radios sazoga-doebrivi daniSnuleba ganisazRvreboda im socialuri fun-qciebiT, im roliTa da adgiliT, romelic mas ganekuTvneboda arsebuli sazogadoebis politikur struqturaSi. sabWoTa periodSi igi, rogorc masobrivi informaciisa da propagan-dis saSualeba, Tavis mxriv, ufro didi sistemis — komunistu-ri ideologiis, komunisturi aRzrdis sistemis erT-erTi Se-madgeneli nawili iyo, emyareboda mkacrad gansazRvrul prin-cipebsa da meTodebs da xelisuflebis instruments warmoad-genda sazogadoebis marTvis sferoSi.

aqedan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos radio aqtiurad asru-lebda sayovelTao agitatorisa da propagandistis rols — msmenels awvdida operatiul informacias, ganumartavda mo-cemul etapze partiis politikas, propagandas uwevda sabWo-Ta xelisuflebis wlebSi momxdar ekonomikur da kulturul gardaqmnebs. radioprogramebSi operatiulad da partiuli poziciiT aisaxeboda yvela is politikuri, ekonomikuri, so-cialuri da kulturuli movlena, romelic sabWoTa kavSirSi da, kerZod, Cvens respublikaSi xdeboda eqvsi aTeuli wlis

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manZilze. amasTan, radiomauwyeblobis roli mxolod infor-maciiTa da propagandiT rodi amoiwureboda. sxvadasxva Jur-nalisturi formebis gamoyenebiT igi kontrols uwevda par-tiuli da saxelmwifo direqtivebis cxovrebaSi gatarebas, sa-warmoo-ekonomikuri da socialuri problemebis gadawyvetas da, amdenad, saxelmwifoebrivi marTvis erT-erT organosac warmoadgenda.

damoukidebel saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo radiom udidesi cvlilebebi ganicada. man gaiara yvela is etapi, rac damaxasia-Tebelia axalfexadgmuli demokratiis qveynebis masobrivi in-formaciis saSualebebisaTvis. marTalia, igi kvlav ganicdida xelisuflebisagan garkveul zewolas, magram amave dros, aS-karad gamoikveTa demokratiuli ganviTarebis SesaZlebloba-nic: informaciis monopolizacia Seicvala informaciis Tavi-suflebiT, klasobrivi, partiuli kategoriebiT azrovneba ideologiuri pluralizmiT, masebze manipulatoruli zemoq-medeba sazogadoebaSi masobriv-informaciuli urTierTobis uzrunvelyofiT da a.S.

amasTan, saqarTvelos radiom SeinarCuna da ganaviTara Tavisi didi kulturtregeruli tradiciebi. igi xom aTeulo-biT wlebis manZilze emsaxureboda sazogadoebis sulier gan-viTarebas, codnisa da kulturis gavrcelebas, akumulaciasa da momavali TaobebisaTvis gadacemas (Tumca propagandistu-li funqciisagan arc es saqmianoba iyo mTlianad Tavisufali). Tavisi teqnikuri specifikis gamo mas xelovnebis reproduq-ciis meti saSualebanic gaaCnda beWdur JurnalistikasTan Se-darebiT (gansakuTrebiT musikaluri xelovnebisa da Teatris sferoSi) da udides rols asrulebda mxatvruli kulturis demokratizaciis procesSi — yoveldRiurad aziarebda xe-lovnebas uamrav adamians.

saqarTvelos radios yovel ojaxSi mihqonda gamarTuli qarTuli sityva, acnobda qarTuli prozisa da poeziis brwyinvale nimuSebs, asmeninebda qarTul musikasa da qarTul speqtaklebs uniWieres xelovanTa SesrulebiT (Tumca arc msoflio literaturasa da msoflio xelovnebas iviwyebda), bavSvebs uambobda zRaprebs, ufrosebs aswavlida xalxuri simRerebis Sesrulebas. ar darCenila sulieri cxovrebis arc

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erTi sfero, Tavisi adgili rom ar hqonoda miCenili saqar-Tvelos radios programaSi; ar yofila arc erTi qarTveli mwerali, poeti, musikosi, msaxiobi, mecnieri, sazogado moR-vawe, romelic saqarTvelos radios yuradRebis miRma darCe-niliyo. aseve, bevri TvalsaCino qarTveli msaxiobi, musikosi, mwerali Tu mecnierebis warmomadgeneli muSaobda radios sxvadasxva redaqciaSi da gansazRvravda mis profesiul dones.

radios iSviaTi Canawerebis umdidresi fondi XX saukunis saqarTvelos xmovan matianes warmoadgens. man momaval Tao-bebs Semounaxa akaki wereTlis, galaktion tabiZis, giorgi le-oniZis, konstantine gamsaxurdias, grigol robaqiZis, ivane javaxiSvilis, nikoloz musxeliSvilis, akaki SaniZis, giorgi axvledianisa da mravali sxva saxelovani mamuliSvilis xmebi, qarTuli xalxuri simRerebis didi ostatebis — Zmebi erqoma-iSvilebis, niko xurcias, sandro kavsaZis, avqsenti megreli-Zis, Zuku paWkorias, dedas levanas, debi iSxnelebisa da sxvaTa unikaluri Canawerebi. qarTuli literaturis, xelovnebis, politikisa Tu sazogadoebrivi azrovnebis verc erTi mkvle-vari gverds ver auvlis am masalas — mis gareSe gacilebiT Ra-ribad warmoCndeboda XX saukunis meore naxevris qarTuli kultura.

ase rom, saqarTvelos radioSi mimdinare istoriuli pro-cesebi erTmniSvnelovnad ver Sefasdeba. ori mimarTuleba — politikuri da kulturuli — gansazRvravda mis saqmianobas mTeli misi arsebobis manZilze da Tumca orive erTmaneTTan mWidrod iyo dakavSirebuli, TiToeulma Tavisi kvali datova qveynis sulier cxovrebaSi. ra Tqma unda, dRevandeli gadasa-xedidan bevri ram sul sxvanairad Cans. isic gasaTvaliswine-belia, rom globaluri televiziis, internetisa da multime-diis ganviTarebis epoqaSi radio veRarasodes daikavebs im ad-gils, romelic mas Tundac oriode aTwleulis win ekava. mag-ram sazogadoebis masobriv-informaciuli urTierTobis gan-viTarebis istoriaSi man Tavisi roli Seasrula da es roli yovelgvari miCqmalvisa da gazviadebis gareSe unda iqnes ga-azrebuli.

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T a v i I

radiomauwyeblobis aRmoceneba da Camoyalibeba

saqarTveloSi (1925-1940)

me-19 saukunis meore naxevarSi msoflioSi mimdinare teq-nikurma progresma xeli Seuwyo eleqtrokavSiris warmoSoba-sa da ganviTarebas.

am process Cvens qveyanaSi metad Taviseburi da saintere-so istoria aqvs. jer kidev 1859 wels, cnobili qarTveli poe-tisa da imxanad kavkasiis mTavarmarTeblis movaleobis Sem-sruleblis grigol orbelianis iniciativiT, xeli moewera eleqtromagnituri telegrafis debulebas, romelic iTva-liswinebda satelegrafo kavSiris damyarebas Tbilissa da foTs Soris. am mizniT saqarTveloSi moiwvies cnobili germa-neli mecnierisa da gamomgoneblis, berlinis mecnierebaTa akademiis wevris, firma `simensisa da halskes~ xelmZRvanelis verlen fon simensis umcrosi Zma inJineri valter simensi, vi-si xelmZRvanelobiTac 1860 wels damontaJda saqarTveloSi pirveli sadenebiani satelegrafo xazi — foTi-Tbilisi. kon-traqtis Tanaxmad valter simensma gaagrZela muSaoba (igi TbilisSi dasaxlda ojaxTan erTad da aqve gardaicvala 1868 wels) da 1863 wlis 12 ianvars pirveli depeSebi gacvales Tbi-lisma da stavropolma. 1864 wels damTavrda satelegrafo xa-zis Tbilisi-erevani-julfas mSenebloba, 1865 wels — Tbili-si-Teiranis, 1868 wels ki — Tbilisi-baqosi. 1870 wels amuSav-da msoflioSi yvelaze grZeli 11000 kilometri sigrZis sate-legrafo xazi inglisi-indoeTi, romlis nawili saqarTvelos teritoriazec gadioda (soWi-soxumi-zugdidi-Sorapani-Tbi-lisi-diliJani-erevani-naxWevani-Tavrizis mimarTulebiT). mas indoevropis telegrafs uwodebdnen da misi moqmedebis pe-riodSi (1931 wlamde) `Tbilisi saerTaSoriso satranzito de-

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peSebis erT-erTi aRiarebuli centri iyo evropasa da aziaSi~.1

ufro gvian periods ganekuTvneba saqarTveloSi radio-telegrafis (umavTulo telegrafis) ganviTareba. rogorc cnobilia, radiotelegrafi imiT gansxvavdeba Tanamedrove radiomauwyeblobisagan, rom ar ZaluZs adamianis xmis an musi-kis gadacema da pirobiTi niSnebis sistemas, e.w. morzes anbans iyenebs. mxolod me-19 saukunis bolos, jer 1894 wels italia-Si, Semdeg ki 1896 wels inglisSi italielma inJinerma gulel-mo markonim pirvelad SeZlo amgvari radiosatelegrafo kav-Siris ganxorcieleba. manve 1897 wels miiRo patenti `umavTu-lo kavSirisaTvis eleqtromagnituri talRebis gamoyenebaze~ da Camoayaliba mZlavri aqcioneruli sazogadoeba Seqmnili aparatis masobrivi warmoebisaTvis.

saqarTvelos radiomauwyeblobis istoriis mniSvnelova-ni furcelia qarTveli gamomgoneblis grigol (nikoloz) na-xucriSvilis moRvaweobac. igi 1900-1905 wlebSi swavlobda qa-laq derptis (igive q. iurievis, axlandeli tartus) universi-tetSi sabunebismetyvelo fakultetze da didi mondomebiT muSaobda axali tipis xelsawyos — informaciis umavTulo ga-damcemi aparatis modelis Seqmnaze. grigol naxucriSvilma 1902-1904 wlebSi g. markonisa da al. popovisagan damoukideb-lad Seqmna maT mier damzadebuli xelsawyoebisagan gansxvave-buli eleqtrokavSiris asoTmbeWdavi aparatis originaluri konstruqcia, romelic radiokavSiris avtomaturi miReba-ga-dacemis saSualebas iZleoda.2 samwuxarod, radios qarTvel gamomgonebelze mwiri informacia mogvepoveba. mis Sesaxeb qarTvelma sazogadoebriobam mxolod 1906 wlis 5 martis `cnobis furclis~ suraTebian damatebaSi gamoqveynebuli we-rilidan Seityo, romelic misi gardacvalebis wlisTavs mi-eZRvna. masSi, garda gr. naxucriSvilis biografiisa, dabeWdi-lia gamomgoneblis fotoportreti da misi xelsawyos foto warweriT: `grigol naxucriSvilis mier gamogonebuli manqana

1 a. karbelaSvili, transkontinenturi telegrafis xazi saqarTve-

loSi, Tb., 2000, gv. 17. 2 d. CubinaSvilis saxelobis Telavis istoriul-eTnografiuli

muzeumi, $ 2218, gv. 14.

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umavTulo telegrafiisa~. iqve, sqolioSi ki miTiTebulia: `es aparati igzavneba redaqciaSi. aRweriloba misi, samwuxarod, daikarga, radgan sxva bargTan erTad ar miuRiaT mSoblebs~. gr. naxucriSvilma xelmokleobis gamo ver SeZlo Canafiqris bolomde ganxorcieleba da aRiarebis mopoveba, mZimed daava-debuli 29 wlis asakSi, 1905 wels, gardaicvala samSoblosgan Sors, q. derptSi da iqvea dakrZaluli, xolo mis mier gamogo-nebuli xelsawyos ramdenime detali — klaviaturisa da ci-lindris nawili amJamad inaxeba d. CubinaSvilis saxelobis Te-lavis istoriul-eTnografiul muzeumSi.

saqarTveloSi radiomeurneobis CamoyalibebisaTvis pir-veli seriozuli nabiji gadaidga 1910 wels, rodesac nav-TluRSi aigo radiosadguri, romelic ekuTvnoda samxedro uwyebas da umetesad savele radiosadgurebTan kavSirgabmu-lobisaTvis iyenebdnen. es iyo rusebis mier damontaJebuli erTaderTi mcire simZlavris naperwklovani mimReb-gadamce-mi radiosadguri TbilisSi, romlis saSualebiTac radiokav-Siri xorcieldeboda baqosTan, yarsTan, saratovsa da astra-xanTan. 1917 wels baTumSic aSenda 10-kilovatiani sanapiro radiosadguri, erTi wlis Semdeg ki foTSi — 5-kilovatiani. saqarTveloSi jer kidev ar iyo samoqalaqo radiosadgurebi.

pirveli msoflio omis damTavrebis Semdeg informacii-sadmi gazrdilma moTxovnilebam kidev ufro daaCqara radio-teqnikis ganviTareba. ruseTSi, oqtombris revoluciis Sem-deg, 1918 wlis 21 ivliss saxkomsabWos mier gamocemulma dek-retma `ruseTis respublikis radioteqnikuri saqmianobis centralizaciis Sesaxeb~1 faqtobrivad saxelmwifo monopo-lia gamoacxada ruseTSi arsebul radiogadamcem sadgurebze da sxva radioteqnikur saSualebebze. am dros saqarTvelo uk-ve aRar Sedioda ruseTis SemadgenlobaSi da damoukideblo-bis gzaze Semdgar axal respublikas Tavad unda ezruna saer-TaSoriso sakomunikacio sivrceSi sakuTari adgilis mosapo-veblad. magram 1918-1921 wlebSi saqarTveloSi arsebuli rTuli politikuri da ekonomikuri pirobebis gamo es proce-si Seferxda. damontaJda mxolod mcire simZlavris oriode

1 Глейзер М. С. Радио и телевидение В СССР (1917-1963), М., 1965, ст. 10.

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radiosadguri da isic ucxo saxelmwifoebis mier, romelTa misiebi saqarTveloSi SemosvlisTanave TavianT qveynebTan damakavSirebel sakomunikacio saSualebebis Seqmnazec zru-navdnen. 1918 wels germanelebis samxedro uwyebam TbilisSi, navTluRSi, Zveli radiosadguris SenobaSi gamarTa 15-kilo-vatiani mimReb-gadamcemi naperwklovani radiosadguri da aR-marTa foladis anZa qolguri tipis anteniT. 1919 wels ki, Tbi-lisSi, saburTaloze, italiis samxedro misiam moawyo 5-kilo-vatiani rkaluri radiosadguri romTan dasakavSireblad.1

saqarTveloSi inglisis jaris SemosvlisTanave, germane-lebmac da italielebmac datoves saqarTvelos teritoria da maT mier dadgmuli radioaparaturac aqve darCa. cxadia, rom 1918-1921 wlebSi Cvens qveyanaSi ucxoelebis mier mowyobili radiosadgurebi isev maT politikur miznebs emsaxureboda da srulebiTac ar iTvaliswinebda axalSeqmnili respublikis interesebs. amdenad, erovnuli radiomauwyeblobisaTvis sa-Wiro materialur-teqnikuri bazis Seqmna isev saqarTvelos xelisuflebis ZalisxmeviTa da finansebiT unda ganxorcie-lebuliyo. am sakiTxs did propagandas uwevda imdroindeli beWduri sityvac, romelic radios arnaxul SesaZleblobebsa da perspeqtivebze amaxvilebda yuradRebas da igi damoukide-beli saxelmwifos ekonomikuri da politikuri winsvlis erT-erT berketad miaCnda. am TvalsazrisiT saintereso masalas gvawvdis 1919 wels q. quTaisSi gamocemuli al. nazariSvilis wigni `umavTulo telegrafi anu radiotelefoni~, romelsac Tan axlavs `eleqtrobis terminebis rusul-germanul-qarTu-li mokle leqsikoni~. es naSromi gaJRenTilia Rrma patrio-tizmiT, romelic evropul sivrceSi saqarTvelos myarad dam-kvidrebis surviliTaa damuxtuli da amis erT-erT aucile-bel pirobad erovnuli radiomauwyeblobis Seqmnas acxadebs.

saqarTvelos pirveli respublikis kavSirgabmulobis sa-Sualebebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb sayuradRebo masalaa Tav-moyrili imdroindel periodikaSic. magaliTad, Jurnal `sa-qarTvelos vaWroba da mrewvelobis~ 1920 wlis 1 ivnisis no-merSi gamoqveynebuli werili — `saqarTveloSi mZlavri radi-

1 saq. uicsa, f. 600, aR. 1. saq., 1791, gv. 21.

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otelegrafis sadguris dadgma~ gvamcnobs, rom 1919-1920 wlebSi radioteqnikis sakiTxebs saqarTvelos teqnikuri ko-mitetis eleqtroteqnikuri ganyofileba xelmZRvanelobda da igi arsebuli radiosadgurebis gaumjobesebis mizniT msoflios wamyvan qveynebTan awarmoebda molaparakebas. 1920 wels franguli firmis Société Générale de Radio-télégraphe xel-mZRvanelobam saqarTvelos mxares SesTavaza axali tipis mZlavri radiosadguris damontaJeba, romlis msgavsi danad-gari 1917 wlidan warmatebiT muSaobda safrangeTSi da uz-runvelyofda dRisiT kavSirs aranakleb 6000 kilometris ra-diusiT, RamiT ki — orjer meti radiusiT. rogorc werilis anonimuri avtori irwmuneba, `axali radiosadguri saSuale-bas mogvcems uSualod dRis kavSiri davamyaroT evropul da aziur centrebTan (parizi, berlini, londoni, stokholmi da a.S.), rac mniSvnelovnad Seamsubuqebs diplomatiur da komer-ciul urTierTobebs~. magram, rogorc werilidan irkveva, sa-qarTvelos teqnikuri komitetis eleqtroteqnikuri ganyofi-lebis xelmZRvaneloba frTxilad moekida safrangeTis mxa-ris winadadebas da gadawyvita, xelSekruleba mxolod mas Sem-deg gaformebuliyo, rodesac firmis mier SemoTavazebuli radiosadguris avkargianobaze `sazRvargareTidan gamoig-zavneboda Sesabamisi cnoba da sxvadasxva firmebs Soris mo-ewyoboda Sejibri~. TavSekavebis erT-erTi seriozuli mizezi, savaraudod, radiosadguris sakmaod soliduri Rirebulebac — 12 milioni maneTi bonebSi — unda yofiliyo, romlis gadaxda axalSeqmnil respublikas gauWirdeboda da proeqtic aRar ganxorcielebula. samagierod, ioli gamosavali moiZebna, Ca-tarda TbilisSi ukve arsebuli radiosadguris rekonstruq-cia da mis bazaze didubeSi 1920 wlis zafxulSi amuSavda mim-Reb-gadamcemi radiosadguri ruseTidan da evropis sxva qvey-nebidan presis masalebis misaRebad, romelic Semdgom Sio Ci-taZis quCaze gadaitanes. swored am radiosadgurTan aris da-kavSirebuli radiomauwyeblobis warmoSoba saqarTveloSi.

1921 wlis dasawyisSi, sabWoTa ruseTis mier saqarTvelos aneqsiis Semdeg, aq arsebuli radioteqnikuri saSualebebi mTlianad sabWoTa xelisuflebis kontrols daeqvemdebara. saqarTvelo axalSeqmnili socialisturi saxelmwifos komu-

16

nikaciur sivrceSi aRmoCnda. am droidan dawyebuli, 80-iani wlebis bolomde, saqarTveloSi radiomauwyeblobis Camoya-libeba da ganviTareba uSualodaa ganpirobebuli sabWoTa kavSirSi mimdinare politikuri da ideologiuri procesebiT. es savsebiT logikuria, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom 70 wlis man-Zilze saqarTvelo politikurad, ideologiurad da ekonomi-kurad sabWoTa saxelmwifos ganuyofeli nawili iyo da mas su-lieri Tu materialuri cxovrebis arc erT sferoSi ar gaaC-nda damoukidebeli ganviTarebis saSualeba (swored amitom saqarTvelos radios istoriis udides nawils ganvixilavT aRniSnul procesebTan kavSirSi, rac misi ganviTarebis yoveli momentis sruli da obieqturi analizis saSualebas iZleva).

axalma xelisuflebam imTaviTve farTomasStabiani saqmia-noba wamoiwyo radiomeurneobis CamoyalibebisaTvis da, ukve 1921 wlis bolos, axalgazrda radiospecialistebma Semdgom-Si cnobili radioinJinris d. xmiadaSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT rekonstruqcia Cautares TbilisSi arsebul naperwklovan ra-diosadgurs, ramac SesaZlebeli gaxada mudmivi radiokavSi-ris damyareba moskovTan. aseve SekeTda baTumisa da foTis ra-diosadgurebic. 1923 wlidan amierkavkasiis fosta-telegra-fis saxalxo komisariatis uSualo xelmZRvanelobiT daCqar-da radiomSeneblobis tempebi, farTovdeboda saqarTvelos radioqselebi, yalibdeboda radios materialur-teqnikuri baza, izrdeboda farTo masebis daintereseba kulturis am axali dargiT.

1924 wlis 13 Tebervals TbilisSi ganxorcielda `xmamaR-la molaparake radiomauwyeblobis sadenebiT translaciis pirveli cda~ — Tbilisis operisa da baletis Teatridan Tbi-lisis eleqtromeqanikuri qarxnis klubSi moewyo bizes opera `karmenis~ translacia. rogorc am gadacemis uSualo monawi-le da organizatori d. xmiadaSvili igonebs, `muSaTa klubis darbazi savsea xalxiT. estradaze moTavsebulia ori didi ruxi feris gramafonis msgavsi konusuri rupori. am rupori-dan scenis iqiT gayvanilia sadenebi. aqve magidaze moTavsebu-lia sakontrolo telefoni da sxva aparatura. am telefonis aparatTan ismis xangrZlivi zari. darbazSi gamefda absolu-turi siCume, zogi damswreTagani gansakuTrebuli yuradRe-

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biT raRacas axals moeloda, zogierTebis saxe gamoxatavda ironiul undoblobas. dro nela miizlazneboda. moulodne-lad radioruporidan mTel darbazs `karmenis~ uvertiura moefina. darbazSi iWeqa mquxare taSma. es iyo qarTveli masob-rivi radiomsmenelis misalmeba saqarTveloSi pirvelad mowy-obili saxalxo xmamaRlamolaparake radiotranslaciisadmi. es iyo axali mniSvnelovani movlena. daiwyo radioteqnikisa da eleqtroakustikis gamoyeneba masebis kulturul-politi-kuri aRzrdis miznebisaTvis~.1

am faqtma saqarTveloSi radiosaqmisadmi interesi kidev ufro gaacxovela da xeli Seuwyo radiomoyvarulTa moZrao-bis Camoyalibebas.

1924 wlis 7 aprils TbilisSi profsabWosTan daarsda `ami-erkavkasiis radio sazogadoeba~, romelic miznad isaxavda ra-dios popularizacias, samecniero-saganmanaTleblo moRvawe-obas am dargSi da radiomSeneblobisaTvis xelis Sewyobas.2

1920 wels ruseTSi aigo pirveli radiosatelefono sad-guri. es niSnavda, rom SesaZlebeli gaxda adamianis xmis, musi-kisa da xmauris gadacema — yvela im gamosaxviTi saSualebis gamoyeneba, rac dResac gaaCnia radiomauwyeblobas. 1921 wlis ivnisSi moskovis moednebze daidga xmamaRlamolaparakeebi (radioruporebi), rasac mohyva eTerSi gazeTebis kiTxva. erTi wlis Semdeg ki moskovis centralurma radiosatelefono sadgurma, romelsac kominternis saxeli mieniWa, daiwyo mik-rofonTan adamianebis gamoyvana, moxsenebebisa da leqciebis gadacema. ase rom, 1924 wlisaTvis msoflios did saxelmwifo-ebSi, da maT Soris sabWoTa kavSirSic, ukve arsebobda regula-ruli radiomauwyebloba, romlis gadacemis `daWeras~ didi mondomebiT cdilobdnen radiomoyvarulebi TviTnakeTi de-teqtoruli da eleqtromilakiani mimRebebiT. rogorc d. xmi-adaSvili igonebs: `maxsovs 1924 wlis Semodgomaze RamiT, TviTdamzadebuli eleqtromilakiani mimRebiT moskovidan

1 d. xmiadaSvili, radioteqnikis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi, Tb.,

1961, gv. 10. 2 `radiomSenebloba saqarTvelosa da amierkavkasiaSi~, gaz. `komu-

nisti~, 1924, 13.04.

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movismine radiotelefonuri gadacema. es maSin didi sensacia iyo, bevrs ar sjeroda, `SurdaT~, eWvobdnen da guldasmiT adevnebdnen Tvalyurs samyaros eTers~.1 male saqarTveloSic gamoCnda saxelmwifo mrewvelobisa da sarewao artelebis mi-er gamoSvebuli radioaparatura.

radiosaqmis winsvlaSi mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula 1924 wlis 28 ivliss sabWoTa mTavrobis mier miRebulma dadgeni-lebam `kerZo mimRebi radiosadgurebis Sesaxeb~, romlis Ta-naxmadac, ssrk-is moqalaqeebs, aseve kerZo organizaciebsa da calkeul koleqtivebs ufleba eZleodaT moewyoT mimRebi ra-diosadgurebi. `eTerSi Tavisuflebis kanonma~, rogorc mas uwodebdnen, sagrZnoblad gazarda radiomoyvarulTa ricxvi. maT, aseve, didi daxmareba gauwia im droisaTvis popularul-ma, g. fleiSeris `usadeno telegrafis~ saxelmZRvanelomac, romelic amierkavkasiis kavSirgabmulobis eleqtroteqniku-mis moswavleTaTvis iyo gankuTvnili. amave wels daiwyo ga-mosvla sakavSiro Jurnalma `radioliubitelma~, romelic sa-qarTveloSic vrceldeboda.

1925 wlidan presis furclebze sul ufro meti masala ibeWdeboda radios `saswaulebriv~ perspeqtivebze. 1925 wlis 22 marts gazeTi `komunisti~ rubrikaSi `radio~ aRfrTovane-biT werda: `dadga sul axali xana, warmoidgineT Cveni mTiu-lebi, TuS-fSav-xevsurebi, svanebi da sxva, romelTac SeZleba miecaT ar moswydnen cxovrebas, yoveldRe miiRon cnobebi, Tu ra xdeba msoflioSi, moisminon koncertebi Tavis qoxSi da a.S. aSkaraa, rogor daxmarebas gauwevs ganaTlebas radiotele-foni... radio Slis Cvens winaSe saocnebo perspeqtivebs, ukve dawyebulia cdebi da mosalodnelia axlo momavalSi, rom Cven SegveZleba garda laparakisa im pirTagan, romelic moSorebu-lia aTaseuli versis manZilze, misi danaxva~.

Jurnali `mecniereba da teqnika~ ki 1925 wlis 31 marts mo-saxleobas mouwodebda: `droa gamoviRviZoT, radiomSeneblo-biT unda davainteresoT farTo masebi. ruseTSi aseTi moZra-oba ukve dawyebulia, Cven ki axla viwyebT~. am mxriv seriozu-li muSaoba gaswia sakavSiro saaqcio sazogadoeba `radiope-

1 d. xmiadaSvili, radioteqnikis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi, gv. 12.

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redaCam~, romlis saqmianoba sabWoTa kavSiris mTel terito-riaze vrceldeboda da miznad isaxavda mimRebi da gadamcemi radiosadgurebis mSeneblobis daCqarebasa da radiomoyva-rulTa wreebis masobriv organizebas (igi 1924 wels Seiqmna da Tavidan `radio yvelasaTvis~ erqva. misi damfuZneblebi iyvnen susti denebis qarxnebis tresti, ruseTis depeSaTa saagento da fosta-telegrafis saxalxo komisariati). `radiopereda-Cam~ oTxi weli imuSava aRniSnuli mimarTulebiT da didi ro-li Seasrula sabWoTa respublikebSi radiomeurneobisa da radiomauwyeblobis CamoyalibebaSi, aseve man moumzada sa-fuZveli sabWoTa kavSirSi erTiani samauwyeblo sistemis Seq-mnas.

1925 wlis gazafxulze dafuZnda `amierkavkasiis radio-moyvarulTa sazogadoeba~, romlis gamgeobac iyo TbilisSi, fosta-telegrafis saxalxo komisariatSi, radios sammarTve-losTan. am sazogadoebis SemadgenlobaSi Sediodnen partiu-li moRvaweebi da radiospecialistebi: al. miasnikovi — sazo-gadoebis Tavmjdomare, a. aTarbegovi — Tavmjdomaris moadgi-le, g. sturua — sainiciativo jgufis biuros Tavmjdomaris moadgile, aseve, radioinJinrebi d. xmiadaSvili, g. fleiSeri da sxvebi. sazogadoebas daevala umokles vadaSi farTomauwy-ebeli radiosadgurebis mowyoba TbilisSi, baqosa da erevanSi. pirveli radiosadguri ki TbilisSi unda dadgmuliyo. `pirve-li Cveni nabiji am sferoSi iqneba TbilisSi pirveli Sors ga-damcemi radiosadguris mowyoba. uaxloes kviraSi Cven mas Se-viZenT moskovSi da maSin samasi versis irgvliv Tbilisidan yvela mimarTulebiT Cven gadavcemT komunistebis mier war-moTqmul sityvebs, gavavrcelebT pirvel dawyebiT codnas, sabWoTa azrebs. Semdeg ki axali sadgurebi moewyoba baqoSi, erevanSi, baTumSi da foTSi~ — werda gazeTi `komunisti~ 1925 wlis 13 Tebervals.

1925 wlis marts, sruliad ruseTis profkavSirTa cen-traluri sabWos prezidiumma mizanSewonilad cno radiomoy-varulTa wreebis daarseba muSaTa klubebSi. TbilisSi, da sa-erTod, mTel respublikaSi xalisiT daiwyo aseTi wreebis Seq-mna. maT Soris gamoirCeodnen: s. orjonikiZis sax. rkinigzel-Ta klubTan arsebuli radiowre, saxelmwifo universitetTan,

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politeqnikur institutTan, pirvel samrewvelo-ekonomikur teqnikumTan, gazeT `komunistTan~ arsebuli radiowreebi, romlebmac didi wvlili Seitanes saqarTveloSi radiomoyva-rulTa moZraobis gafarToebaSi. 1925 wlis 4 aprils gazeTi `komunisti~ iuwyeboda, rom `radios moyvarulTa sazogadoe-bam~ gadawyvita gaxsnas radiokooperativi, romelic msurve-lebs miawvdis radiomimRebebs, radioliteraturasa da sxv. SeRavaTian fasebSi~, xolo 25 martis `qronikaSi~ aRniSnulia, rom `sakavSiro cekis mimarTvis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos Sina-gan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariatma Seadgina samagaliTo Tem-sabWoebis sia maTi radio-mimRebi manqanebiT dasajildoeb-lad~. 1925 wlidan respublikuri presis furclebze momrav-lda axali rubrikebi: `radio~, `radiokuTxe~, `radioteqnika~, `radios ambebi~, sadac ibeWdeboda rogorc informaciebi ra-diosaqmis Sesaxeb, ise samecniero-popularuli werilebi ra-dioteqnikaze, radioaparaturis gamoyenebaze da a.S.

TbilisSi ukve bevri radiomsmeneli axerxebda `komin-ternis~ radiogadacemebis mosmenas da qarTul presaSi sa-kavSiro radioprogramebic ibeWdeboda. radiosadmi gaz-rdilma interesma dRis wesrigSi daayena TbilisSi arsebuli radiosadguris gafarToebis sakiTxi. am mizniT kompartiis amierkavkasiis saolqo komitetis agitaciisa da propagandis ganyofilebasTan daarsda radiokomisia, romelsac g. stu-rua xelmZRvanelobda (amgvari komisia Tavdapirvelad 1925 wlis ivnisSi Seiqmna sakavSiro kompartiis agitacia-propa-gandis ganyofilebasTan).

qarTuli radiomauwyeblobis istoriaSi mniSvnelovani movlena iyo 1925 wlis 22 aprils navTluRSi axali asocmetri-ani radioanZis aRmarTva, romelic 300 kilometris radiusiT moqmedebda. am sazeimo RonisZiebas partiisa da mTavrobis xelmZRvanelebic daeswrnen da respublikuri presac gamoex-maura mas vrceli reportaJebiT. analogiuri radioanZa aRi-marTa baqoSi, erevansa da xarkovSi. erTi Tvis Semdeg ki amu-Savda axalgazrda specialistebis mier Seqmnili naxevrad kustaruli samauwyeblo radiosadguri navTluRSi, saidanac ganxorcielda pirveli sacdeli radiogadacema da romlis Sesaxeb 1925 wlis 23 maiss iuwyeboda gazeTi `zaria vostoka~.

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werili `radiosatelefono gadamcemi TbilisSi~ mkiTxvelebs amcnobda, rom `TbilisSi gamoCnda pirveli radiosatelefo-no gadamcemi. igi droebiT dadgmulia Tbilisis mZlavr radi-osadgurze da warmoadgens sacdel-saCvenebel gadamcems. 21 maiss navTluRidan moewyo pirveli radiogadacema. msaxiob-Semsruleblebi iyvnen TviTon sadguris TanamSromlebi, rom-lebmac radiotelefoniT gadasces simRera, musika da sauba-ri. miuxedavad gadamcemis mcire simZlavrisa, gadacema miRe-buli iyo kavSirgabmulobis eleqtroteqnikumSi regeneraci-ul mimRebze sakmaod mkafiod da xmamaRla. sacdeli gadaceme-bi moewyoba 23 da 24 maiss saRamos 6 saaTidan 7 saaTamde, 600-dan 700 metramde sigrZis talRebze~. amgvarad, 1925 wlis 21 maiss saqarTveloSi ganxorcielda pirveli sacdeli radioga-dacema da safuZveli Caeyara radiomauwyeblobas. es TariRi unda CaiTvalos saqarTvelos radios dabadebis dRed.

rogorc Cans, 21 maiss sadguris TanamSromlebma teqniku-rad Seamowmes gadamcemis muSaoba (albaT, amitomac mogvevli-nen isini msaxiobebis rolSi da mimRebi aparatic amitom idga eleqtroteqnikumSi). sajarod gamocxadebuli 23-24 maisis cdebi ki, savaraudod, ufro farTo auditoriisaTvis iqnebo-da gaTvaliswinebuli. yovel SemTxvevaSi, sxva msgavsi sando cnoba jerjerobiT mikvleuli ar aris.

qarTuli xalxuri simRerebis cnobili Semsrulebeli, sa-qarTvelos saxalxo artisti maro TarxniSvilic pirvel ra-diogadacemas 1925 wlis maisis Tves ukavSirebs: `mixaria, rom momswre var pirveli radiogadacemisa. 1925 wlis maisis Tve iyo, dRe kargad ar maxsovs, migviwvies rva kacisagan Semdgari vokaluri jgufi yofil bariatinskis, amJamad jorjiaSvilis quCaze, sastumro `Tbilisis~ SenobaSi... gaxsna sazeimo iyo, mTeli Tbilisi mouTmenlad eloda pirvelad adamianis xmis mosmenas. bariatinskis quCa da aleqsandres baRi savse iyo xalxiT. isini sulganabulebi elodnen gadacemis dawyebas. diqtorma boiarskim miuloca msmenelebs radios gaxsnis dRe da gamoacxada programa. pirvel nomrad me Sevasrule `urmu-li~, Semdeg Cvenma gundma imRera da gamovidnen solistebi s. inaSvili, n. qumsiaSvili, l. germesaSvili, pianisti baraTova,

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sazandari k. aRjoianis xelmZRvanelobiT~.1 maro TarxniSvi-lis es mogoneba gviandelia da, Cveni azriT, masSi weli Secdo-miT aris mocemuli: jer erTi, pirveli sacdeli radiogadace-misas (`mTeli Tbilisi mouTmenlad eloda pirvelad adamianis xmis mosmenaso~) saeWvoa, radios organizaciuli struqtura ise yofiliyo Camoyalibebuli, rogorc es mogonebaSia aRniS-nuli; meore, 1925 wels jorjiaSvilis quCaze, Sromis sasaxle-Si radiostudiis arseboba arc erTi sxva wyaroTi ar dastur-deba (ufro savaraudoa 1926-27 wlebSi); mesame, diqtorma a. boiarskim radioSi muSaoba daiwyo 1927 wlidan (es zustad aris miTiTebuli radiokomitetis beWduri organos `radiop-rogramebis~ 1941 wlis me-7 nomerSi gamoqveynebul werilSi `a-natoli boiarski~). asec ar iyos, SeuZlebelia aseTi mniSvne-lovani movlena imdroindel presas gamorCenoda, mis Sesaxeb ki 1925 wels arsad araferia naxsenebi (maSin, rodesac zemoT aRniSnuli lokaluri sacdeli gadacemac ki maSinve acnobes sazogadoebas). ase rom, maro TarxniSvilis mogoneba savaraudoa, ufro 1927 wels ukavSirdebodes, roca saqarTvelos radiom regularuli (Tumca ara yoveldRiuri) mauwyebloba daiwyo.

pirvel xanebSi sacdeli gadacemebi ewyoboda arasistema-turad, sxvadasxva saaTze da yovel wina dRes gazeTebi `zaria vostoka~ da `komunisti~ amis Sesaxeb auwyebdnen radiomoyva-rulebs da mouwodebdnen koleqtiuri mosmenisaken: `20-21 iv-niss navTluRis mZlavr radiosadgurze saRamos xuTi saaTi-dan gadaicema 1 kilovatiani lamfis sadguriT moxseneba, mu-sika da simRera. es iqneba sacdeli gadacema. TbilisSi arse-bul yvela mimReb aparats SeuZlia miiRos es gadacema. gada-cemas xelmZRvanelobs radioteqniki s. kasraZe~.2 an kidev: `27 seqtembers pirvelad gadaicema melodeklamacia, es metad rTuli saqmea, gansakuTrebiT Znelia radioSi sityvisa da mu-sikis Sexameba, diqciis gadacema~3 da a.S. am saxis informaciebi uxvadaa gabneuli maSindeli presis furclebze.

aseve intensiurad mimdinareobda radiosadguris teqni-

1 Jurnalistis cnobari, Tb., 1975, gv. 193. 2 radiokoncerti TbilisSi, gaz. `komunisti~, 1925, 20.06. 3 `2-й опытный радиоконцерт~, `Заря Востока~, 1925, 23.09.

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kuri gaumjobeseba. rogorc 1925 wlis 30 oqtombris gazeTi `muSa~ ityobineboda: `radiosadguris TanamSromlebi muSao-bas awarmoeben radiotelegrafis sadguris radiotelefonis sadgurad gadasakeTeblad. jerjerobiT axal gadamcem radi-osadgurze cdebs awarmoeben. dRemde gadacemulia 5 koncer-ti, xolo patara sacdeli koncerti ki — bevrjer~.

1926 wlidan radiosaqme win wavida. mimReb radiosadgurTa ricxvi sul ufro izrdeboda, `mimReb radiosadgurebs dgamen sxvadasxva organizaciebi da dawesebulebebi. Tbilisis sax-lebis saxuravebi iqseleba antenebiT, radiosadgurebi iWeren moskovidan da ucxoeTidan gadmocemul radiocnobebs~, — werda gazeTi `komunisti~ 1926 wlis 13 ianvars. am droisaTvis amierkavkasiaSi muSaobda ori samauwyeblo mimReb-gadamcemi radio-satelefono sadguri Tbilissa da baqoSi da 10 radio-mimRebi sadguri, maT Soris baTumSi, soxumSi, sagarejoSi, erevanSi, cxinvalSi Tu naxWevanSi...1 aseve aRricxuli iyo 400-mde radiowre, aqedan TbilisSi — 200. amave wels fosta-te-legrafis sammarTvelom molaparakeba daiwyo amerikis cnobi-li radiomSenebeli firmis `vestern-eleqtrik-kompanis~ qar-xnis xelmZRvanelobasTan axali xuTkilovatiani radiosadgu-ris SesaZenad. magram sadguris soliduri Rirebulebis gamo (230000 maneTi), es xelSekruleba ar Sedga da leningradis susti denebis qarxanas daevala oTxkilovatiani simZlavris radiosadguris damzadeba, romelic bevrad iafi — 50000 mane-Ti Rirda. navTluRis radiosadguris mSeneblobas xelmZRva-nelobda moskovidan movlinebuli inJineri v. gilberti.

1926 wlis 20 maisidan saqarTvelos profsabWos kultgan-yofilebis iniciativiT amierkavkasiis depeSaTa saagentos da-evala ufasod miewodebina informaciuli masalebi navTlu-Ris radiosadgurisaTvis. saqarTvelos profkavSirebis ga-dawyvetilebiT ki dedaqalaqis yvela raionis muSaTa klubeb-Si daigegma xmamaRlamolaparakeebis dadgma.

amave wlis noemberSi mwyobrSi Cadga MП tipis oTxkilo-vatiani radiomauwyebeli sadguri navTluRSi da dasrulda radiocentris agebac, romelSic Sedioda `centraluri radi-

1 `radio TbilisSi~, gaz. `komunisti~, 1926, 29.01.

24

obiuro, gadamcemi radiosadguri navTluRSi da mimRebi sad-guri sagarejoSi~. `radiosadguri meorea mTels kavSirSi mos-kovis Semdeg~,1 — aRniSnavda presa.

am droisaTvis radiostudia ganTavsebuli iyo Tbilisis centrSi (axlandeli rusTavelis prospeqtze), maSindeli profsabWos SenobaSi (anu, rogorc maro TarxniSvilis mogo-nebaSia, sastumro `Tbilisis~ SenobaSi), sadac gamoyofili hqonda `qveda sarTulze ori oTaxi. oTaxSi idga roiali da diqtoris magida naxSiris mikrofoniT. es mikrofoni mere Se-icvala eleqtrodinamikuri mikrofoniT~.2

1927 wlidan saqarTvelos radiom daiwyo sistematuri mu-Saoba (rasac, rogorc aRvniSneT, 1925-1926 wlebSi win uZRoda araerTi sacdeli gadacema). 3 ianvars gadaica saqarTvelos kp(b) centraluri komitetis pirveli mdivnis m. kaxianis moxse-neba da radiokoncerti. am dRidan safuZveli Caeyara qarTul regularul mauwyeblobas. 1928 wels Tbilisis radiostudia, romelsac maSin amierkavkasiis radiocentrs uwodebdnen, axa-li teqnikiT aRiWurva da ganTavsda kirovis, axlandel leoni-Zis quCis 8-Si mdebare Senobis II sarTulze, qveda sarTulze ki moewyo satranslacio kvanZis saaparato. sadguris teqnikuri eqspluatacia daekisra fosta-telegrafis amierkavkasiis sa-olqo sammarTvelos, xolo gadacemis saorganizacio muSaobis (koncertebis, leqciebisa da sxvaTa mowyoba) xelmZRvaneloba daevala partiis amierkavkasiis saolqo komitetis agitaciisa da propagandis ganyofilebasTan arsebul radiokomisias (xel-mZRvaneli g. sturua). radiomauwyeblobis pirvel xelmZRvane-lad dainiSna i. gedevaniSvili — sakavSiro saaqcio sazogadoeba `radioperedaCas~ rwmunebuli amierkavkasiaSi, mxatvrul na-wils uZRveboda g. kilaZe, pirveli koncertmeisteri iyo a. me-liqfaSaevi, pirveli diqtorebi — profesiiT fizikosi, radio-moyvaruli g. gaCeCilaZe da l. lukaSeva.3

1 `radiomSenebloba~, gaz. `komunisti~, 1926, 30.11. 2 d. xmiadaSvili, radiomauwyeblobis gariJraJi, Jurn. `mecniereba

da teqnika~, 1966, # 5, gv. 4. 3 iqve.

25

radio mtkiced ikidebda fexs yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi da did popularobas ixveWda saqarTvelos mosaxleobis yvela fenaSi. `yvelaze did miRwevad me mimaCnia TanamedroveobaSi radio, Tu haeroplanis marTva caSi~,1 — Cauweria galaktion tabiZes Tavis dRiurSi 1927 wels, xolo 1930 wels man leqsic ki miuZRvna radios:

`xedavT, ragvarad Seamokla radiom sivrce! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . aq ki gasZaxis sivrces Tbilisi!~2

saqarTvelos radios saqmianobis ZiriTadi mimarTuleba ganisazRvra sakavSiro kp(b) centraluri komitetis 1927 wlis 10 ianvris dadgenilebiT `radiomauwyeblobis xelmZRvanelo-bis Sesaxeb~, romlis Tanaxmadac partiul komitetebs, romel-Ta teritoriazec mowyobili iyo radiosatelefono qselebi, evalebodaT uSualo xelmZRvaneloba gaewiaT radiosaTvis da maqsimalurad gamoeyenebinaT igi saagitacio da saganmanaT-leblo miznebisaTvis, winaswar ganexilaT, SeemowmebinaT ra-dioprogramebi da radiomasalebi, guldasmiT SeerCiaT mom-xseneblebisa da mikrofonTan gamomsvlelTa Semadgenloba da uzrunveleyoT gadacemaTa maRali ideuri da politikuri done. am dadgenilebiT kompartia xelSi iRebda radiomauwyeb-lobaze xelmZRvanelobis sadaveebs da radiogadacemebis Si-naarssa da maT ideur-politikur mxareze umkacres kon-trols awesebda. Tumca manamde, jer kidev 1925 wlis dekem-berSi, sak. kp (b) agitacia-propagandis ganyofilebis gadawyve-tilebiT radiomauwyebloba pirdapir daeqvemdebara `mTavli-tis~ kontrols (ase ewodeboda mTavar sacenzuro komitets, romelic yovelgvar sajaro informacias akontrolebda da sabWoTa kavSirSi 80-iani wlebis meore naxevramde arsebobda).

radio sabWouri cnobierebis Camoyalibebisa da damkvid-rebis mZlavri berketi xdeboda. radios xelmZRvanelebic partiuli da komkavSiruli muSakebi iyvnen da radiogadaceme-

1 g. tabiZe, Txzulebani or wignad, wigni II, Tb., 1989, gv. 423. 2 g. tabiZe, Txzulebani 12 tomad, t. III. gv. 24.

26

bis `ideologiur sifxizleze~ ekisrebodaT pasuxismgebloba. mkacri zomebi unda yofiliyo miRebuli mikrofonebis dasa-cavad, rom eTerSi arc erTi gadacema ar gasuliyo pasuxismge-beli xelmZRvanelis daukiTxavad da nebarTvis gareSe. mar-Tlac, cenzuris gauqmebamde studiaSi, sadac saeTero mikro-fonebi idga (yvela teqsti da Cawerili gadacema manamde iyo Semowmebuli), specialuri dacva mxolod im pirebs uSvebda, visac amis gansakuTrebuli nebarTva hqonda (ZiriTadad diq-torebs). radioeTerSic umetesad gadaicemoda sabWoTa mTav-robisa da kompartiis warmomadgenlebis moxsenebebi da leq-ciebi. aseve didi adgili ekava sakavSiro da respublikur pre-saSi dabeWdil masalebs — jer kidev ar Canda specialurad ra-diosaTvis momzadebuli originaluri gadacemebi. aseve ewyo-boda koncertebisa da operebis translaciebi, saubrebi radi-oteqnikis Sesaxeb, romelic miznad isaxavda radiosaqmiT axalgazrdebis dainteresebas. 1927 wlidan, janmrTelobis sa-xalxo komisariatma `gamohyo specialist leqtorTa jgufi, sxvadasxva sezonuri senebisa da sanitaruli ganaTlebis Sesa-xeb radioTi leqciebis wasakiTxad. ganzraxulia Semdegi sa-kiTxebis ganmarteba — malaria, Wleqi, loToba, partaxtiani tifi da sxva~.1

1927 wlis Tebervlidan gazeTebma `komunistma~ da `zaria vostokam~ daiwyes yovelkvireuli radioprogramebis beWdva, rac saSualebas gvaZlevs gavecnoT programirebis imdroin-del principebs. TvalsaCinoebisTvis gadavxedoT 1927 wlis 20 Tebervlis gazeT `komunistSi~ dabeWdil 20-28 Tebervlis ra-dioprogramas:

20 Tebervali — 1. tvini da suli (leqcia qarTul enaze) — 7-7.30. 2. komkavSiris radiogazeTi (rusul enaze). 3. TeTri tero-ris axali talRa (ZigraSvilis moxseneba). 4. radios megobarTa sazogadoebis teqnikuri konsultacia. 5. koncerti — 9-9.30.

21 Tebervali — 1. fasebis dakleba (piCkianis moxseneba). 2. TviTganviTarebis sakiTxebi. 3. radioteqnikis miRwevebi. 4. koncerti.

22 Tebervali — 1. mitingis daxvreta aleqsandres baRSi (toroSeliZis moxseneba). 2. wiTeli armiis me-9 wlisTavisaT-

1 radioleqcia, gaz. `komunisti~, 1927, 22.01.

27

vis (levanovskis moxseneba rusul enaze). 3. opera `lakme~. 23 Tebervali — 1. mitingis daxvreta aleqsandres baRSi

(rusul enaze). 2. wiTeli armiis me-9 wlisTavi (aRniaSvilis moxseneba). 3. komkavSiris radiogazeTi (qarTulad). 4. koncerti.

24 Tebervali — dasvenebis dRe. radiogadacema ar iqneba. 25 Tebervali — gasabWoebis 6 wlis aRsaniSnavad Semdgari

sazeimo sxdomis gadacema. 26 Tebervali — 1. muSa da glex qalTa dRisaTvis moxseneba.

2. operis gadacema. 27 Tebervali — 1. brZola biurokratizmTan (moxseneba).

2. aviaqimiis amocanebi da qveynis Tavdacva (juRelis moxsene-ba). 3. teqnikuri konsultacia. 4. koncerti.

28 Tebervali — 1. rogor imorCilebs adamiani bunebis Za-las (leqcia). 2. alkoholi da gadagvareba (leqcia). 3. koncerti.

gadacemebi iwyeboda saRamos xuT saaTze da mTavrdeboda TerTmet saaTze. droTa ganmavlobaSi radioprogramebis Te-matika gamravalferovnda da TandaTan gamoikveTa radiopub-licistikis formebi.

`radiogazeTi~ — ase erqva pirvel radioformas, romelic sazogadoebriv-politikuri mauwyeblobis ZiriTadi forma iyo ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed mTel sabWoTa kavSirSi. radiogazeTi, rogorc saxel-wodeba migvaniSnebs, beWduri sityvis gavleniT Seiqmna da mra-valsiuJetiani iyo. Tavdapirvelad igi moicavda Jurnal-ga-zeTebidan amokrefil informaciebs, propagandistuli xasia-Tis statiebs, feletonebs, narkvevebs, e. i. yvela im Janrs, ro-melic SemdgomSi damoukidebel radioJanrad Camoyalibda da radioprogramaSi Tavisi adgili daimkvidra. radiogazeTi, faqtobrivad, es iyo imdroindeli sazogadoebriv-politiku-ri Tu dargobrivi presis saeTero variacia Sesabamisi saxel-wodebiT, magaliTad: komkavSiruli radiogazeTi — àxalgaz-rda komunisti~, sasoflo gazeTi — àxali sofeli~, muSaTa ga-zeTi — `muSa~. 1928 wlidan gamoCnda `wiTelarmielTa radio-gazeTi~, romelic samxedro-patriotul propagandas isaxavda miznad. aseve gadaicemoda radiogazeTebi azerbaijanul ena-ze ìeni qendi~ (àxali sofeli~) da somxurenovani `proleta-ri~, romlebsac saqarTveloSi gamomavali amave saxelwodebis gazeTebis Jurnalistebi amzadebdnen specialurad radio-

28

saTvis. drodadro radiogazeTebi gamodioda afxazur da osur enebzec. saerTod, amierkavkasiis respublikebs Soris mxolod saqarTvelos radio regularulad mauwyeblobda oTx — qarTul, rusul, somxur da azerbaijanul enebze (Tum-ca Tavidan, karga xnis manZilze, igi cxaddeboda Turqul enad). garda amisa, radiogazeTma xeli Seuwyo mauwyeblobis axali mimarTulebebis warmoSobas, programebis diferencia-ciis process. Camoyalibda adamianTa sxvadasxva jgufebTan urTierTobis axali formebi, magaliTad, `pionerulma radio-gazeTma~ safuZveli Cauyara sabavSvo mauwyeblobas, `komkav-Sirulma radiogazeTma~ — axalgazrdul mauwyeblobas da a.S.

male `radiogazeTebSi~ mzamzareuli sagazeTo masalebis eTerSi gadacemis paralelurad gamoCnda specialurad radi-osaTvis momzadebuli masalebic, romlebsac Jurnalistebi adgilze gasvliT moipovebdnen. amasTan, sagazeTo masalebis SerCevac, mikrofonTan maTi wakiTxvis manera ukve TavisTavad qmnida masalis miwodebisa da aRqmis axal, originalur for-mas — radioenas. igi ufro emociurad zemoqmedebda audito-riaze, vidre dabeWdili sityva, Tanac paTetikuri da `amaRle-buli~ toni, intonacia da sxva araverbaluri saSualebebi, romelic sabWouri propagandis aucilebeli atributi iyo, zepir sityvaSi ukeT warmoCinda.

dRevandeli gadasaxedidan, radiogazeTs mimoxilvis niS-nebic axasiaTebda da Tanamedrove radioprogramis forma-tic, romelic Tematurad da Janrobrivad gansxvavebuli formiT qmnida socialisturi cxovrebis panoramas da propa-gandas uwevda axali ideebis damkvidrebas masobriv cnobiere-baSi. igi yvelaze TvalsaCinod gamoxatavda leninis Sexedu-lebas radioze, rogorc `uqaRaldo da umanZilo gazeTze~. 1930 wlisaTvis sabWoTa kavSirSi eTerSi gadioda daaxloebiT 300 radiogazeTi. aseTi simravle ganpirobebuli iyo TviTon xelisuflebis moTxovniTac — nabeWdi gazeTebis simcirisa da qveynis teritoriaze gavrcelebis sirTulis gamo maTi fun-qcia informaciis sistemaSi garkveulwilad radiogazeTebs unda SeesrulebinaT.

samwuxarod, qarTuli radiogazeTebis teqstebs Cvenamde ar mouRwevia da mxolod imdroindeli presis saSualebiTaa

29

SesaZlebeli garkveuli warmodgena Segveqmnas radiogazeTis daniSnulebasa da kompoziciaze. magaliTad, 1928 wlis 8 maisis gazeT `komunistSi~ dabeWdilia `radiogazeTis mimoxilva~, sadac yuradReba gamaxvilebulia mis specifikaze:

`radiogazeTis gamoSvebas mravali mizezi amarTlebs, maT Soris mTavari isaa, rom misi mosmena xelmisawvdomia rogorc wera-kiTxvis mcodneTaTvis, ise ucodinarTaTvis. am mxriv is gansakuTrebiT did daxmarebas gauwevs saqarTvelos CamorCe-nil kuTxeebs, rogoricaa svaneTi, xevsureTi da sxv. radioga-zeTs ar hyavs xelmomwerni, ara aqvs gansakuTrebuli tiraJi, misi msmenelTa ricxvi ganusazRvreli da mravalferovania. garda amisa, saqarTvelos pirobebSi gazeTma angariSi unda ga-uwios mravalferovan ekonomikur, socialur, eTnografiul, kulturul, geografiul Taviseburebebsac. swored amis gaT-valiswinebiT unda xdebodes masalis SerCeva da damuSaveba~.

TiToeul radiogazeTs hyavda Tavisi adresati, miznobri-vi auditoria da ase yalibdeboda radiomsmenelebTan urTi-erTobis samauwyeblo formebi. radiogadacemebisadmi mosax-leobis mzardi interesi xelisuflebas erTgvar stimuls aZ-levda, ufro intensiurad ganexorcielebina gardaqmnebi ra-dios struqturul da organizaciul sferoSi.

ssrk Sromisa da Tavdacvis sabWos 1928 wlis 13 ivlisis dadgenilebiT `radiomauwyeblobis reorganizaciis Sesaxeb~ gauqmda saaqcio sazogadoeba `radioperedaCa~, romelmac Ta-vis droze didi wvlili Seitana radiosaqmis ganviTarebaSi da ssrk-is teritoriaze radiomauwyeblobis yvela saqmis orga-nizacia da marTva fosta-telegrafis saxalxo komisariats daevala (es upirvelesad imiT iyo ganpirobebuli, rom mauwy-eblobis ganviTareba uSualod ukavSirdeboda qveynis radio-fikacias). am komisariatSi Camoyalibda radiosammarTvelo — centraluri organo, romelic wyvetda radiomauwyeblobis yvela sakiTxs. sak. kp(b) centralur komitets da mokavSire respublikebis partiul komitetebs ki kontroli unda gaewi-aT fosta-telegrafis saxalxo komisariatebis saqmianobi-saTvis radiomauwyeblobis dargSi da uzrunveleyoT maTi ga-mocdili sameurneo kadrebiT dakompleqteba. Sesabamisad, 1928 wlis 22 dekembers amierkavkasiis saxkomsabWom miiRo

30

dadgenileba amierkavkasiis fosta-telegrafis komisariat-Tan amierkavkasiis radios centraluri sabWos Seqmnis Sesa-xeb, romlis Tavmjdomaredac al. sturua dainiSna. analogiu-ri radiosabWoebi Seiqmna amierkavkasiis federaciis TiToe-ul respublikaSi, maT Soris saqarTveloSic.

amierkavkasiis radiosabWom didi yuradReba dauTmo ad-gilobrivi radiomauwyeblobis sazogadoebriv-politikuri formebis Camoyalibebas da gansakuTrebiT radiogazeTebis Tematikas. am mizniT 1929 wels radiogazeTebi gaerTianda da Seiqmna erTiani `radiogazeTis~ redaqcia. daiwyo sagazeTo masalebis eTerSi kiTxvidan radiosTvis damaxasiaTebel for-mebsa da Janrebze gadasvla.

1929 wlis bolos moskovis samauwyeblo centrma daiwyo mauwyebloba sabWoTa kavSiris qalaqebze da, maT Soris, Tbi-liszec, riTac safuZveli Caeyara sakavSiro radiomauwyeb-lobas. amave wlidan saqarTveloSic gaumjobesda radios ma-terialur-teqnikuri baza. radiospecialistebis jgufma g. fleiSeris xelmZRvanelobiT (z. Tofuria, v. kaSprovski, l. xmiadaSvili, d. xmiadaSvili) rekonstruqcia Cautara Tbilis-Si arsebul samauwyeblo sadgurs, romelic mTeli dRis gan-mavlobaSi ukve radioprogramebis gadacemaze muSaobda. Seiq-mna samauwyeblo kvireuli badec da sxvadasxva tipis gadace-mebma mudmivi adgili daimkvidra radioprogramebSi. maTi di-ferenciaciis Sedegad ki gamoikveTa informaciuli, sazoga-doebriv-politikuri (igive analitikuri) da mxatvruli ma-uwyeblobis niSnebi.

operatiuli informaciis Zala sabWoTa radiom imTaviTve efeqturad gamoiyena masebze zemoqmedebis mizniT da infor-maciul funqcias pirvelxarisxovani mniSvneloba mianiWa. in-formaciuli xasiaTisa iyo translaciebi movlenis adgilidan (Jurnalisturi komentaris gareSe), romelsac mravalaTasia-ni msmenelisaTvis operatiulad unda miewodebina esa Tu is movlena mimdinareobis procesSi da Seeqmna daswrebis efeqti.

swored 30-ian wlebSi Caisaxa aRlumebisa da demonstraci-ebis radiotranslaciebi, romlebSic pirvelad gamoikveTa radios iseTi gamosaxviTi saSualeba, rogoricaa xmauri — movlenis akustikuri foni. xSirad gamoiyeneboda egreT wo-

31

debuli mitingis forma da, saerTod, maSindeli cxovrebis yvela sferoSi didi gasaqani pova `mitingobam~, ramdenadac igi gamoxatavda masobriv organizebulobas konkretuli mov-lenis mimarT. marTalia, xSirad mas xelovnuri xasiaTi hqon-da, magram im pirobebSi kargad moergo axali cxovrebis poli-tikur enTuziazms.

Tavdapirvelad mitingebis pirdapiri translaciebi gada-icemoda yovelgvari Jurnalisturi Carevis gareSe. TandaTa-nobiT radiom Tavad ikisra organizatoruli funqcia da amiT radiomitingis forma daamkvidra. mas mohyva radiogadaZaxi-lebi, radioreidebi, radiodaTvalierebebi da a.S. es gadace-mebi imiTac iyo aRsaniSnavi, rom maTSi pirvelad gamoikveTa radioJurnalistis pirovnebac, romelic Tavadve gaxda gada-cemis aqtiuri monawile, sascenaro gegmis avtori da im orga-nizaciul muSaobas, romelic eTerSi gasvlamde bevrad adre iwyeboda, swored radioJurnalisti xelmZRvanelobda. garda amisa, radiomitingis forma auditoriasTan urTierTobis Se-saniSnavi saSualebac aRmoCnda, romelic TavisTavad Seicavda saubars, polemikas, azrTa urTierTgaziarebas, e. i. yovelive imas, rasac masobrivi muSaoba erqva. im periodSi radiomitin-gebis mizani iyo sazogadoebrivi azris Seqmna, masebis mobili-zacia xelisuflebis mier dasaxuli amocanebis Sesasruleb-lad. 1928 wlis 1 aprils moewyo pirveli radiomitingi, rome-lic mieZRvna `saglexo sesxis mniSvnelobas~. `mitings daes-wrnen glexebi, muSebi da sxvadasxva organizaciis warmomad-genlebi. momxsenebelma — kooperatiuli organizaciis warmo-madgenelma k. baqraZem ilaparaka saglexo sesxis mniSvneloba-ze. amave sakiTxze ilaparaka saqarTvelos finsaxkomis warmo-madgenelma n. margvelaSvilma. glexebma misces mravali Se-kiTxva. Semdeg gamovidnen glexebi da glexTa centraluri saxlis warmomadgenlebi. bolos gaimarTa koncerti~.1

daaxloebiT aseTi iyo tipuri sqema radiomitingebisa, romelic 30-ian wlebSi yalibdeboda. moxsenebebic da kamaTSi gamomsvlelTa teqstebic winaswar mzaddeboda, mowmdeboda maTi politikuri gamarTuloba da ise gadaicemoda eTerSi.

1 glexTa mitingi radiostudiaSi, gaz. `komunisti~, 1928, 3.04.

32

ramdenadac maSin firze Cawerisa da damontaJebis teqnikuri saSualeba ar arsebobda, advili warmosadgenia, rogori ener-gia da unari dasWirdeboda Jurnalists aseTi masobrivi gada-cemebis organizaciisaTvis. radiomitingebisadmi interesi imdenad didi iyo, rom sawarmo-dawesebulebaTa mSromelebi Tavadve Txoulobdnen radiomitingebis mowyobasa da maTSi monawileobas.

qarTuli presa xSirad aqveynebda anonsebs radiomitinge-bis Sesaxeb. magaliTad, 1929 wlis 29 oqtombers gazeTi `komu-nisti~ msmenelebs acnobebda, rom `radiocentri awyobs radi-omitings socialisturi Sejibrebis Sedegebis Semowmebis Se-saxeb qarxana `TemqaSi~. mitingSi monawileoben `Temqis~ muSe-bi. isini aRniSnaven Sejibrebis rogorc nakls, ise miRwevebs da saqmian winadadebebs wamoayeneben. amas winaT moewyo radi-omitingi kalininis sax. liTonis qarxnis muSebisa, ramac nayo-fieri Sedegi mogvca. dRes maT `Temqis~ muSebi upasuxeben. ra-diomitingi socialisturi Sejibrebis saukeTeso formaa. qoxsamkiTxveloebma da adgilobrivma komitetebma unda moaw-yon radiogadacemebis mosmena koleqtiurad, saRamos 7 sT-dan~.

SedarebiT xelovnuri elferi dakravda radiogadaZaxi-lebs, romlebic radiomitingebisagan gansxvavdeboda meti masStaburobiTa da monawileTa simravliT. xSirad ewyoboda radiogadaZaxilebi amierkavkasiis respublikebs, saqarTve-los mowinave raionebsa da kolmeurneobebs Soris. magali-Tad: `radiogadaZaxili samecniero-saganmanaTleblo muSao-bis Sesaxeb amierkavkasiaSi~, `amierkavkasiis msxvil sawarmoTa da axal mSeneblobaTa saukeTeso damkvrelebis gamoZaxeba~, `umaRles da teqnikur saswavleblebSi saSemodgomo miRebis mosamzadebeli kampaniis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb~, `damkvrelTa radiogamoZaxeba~, `dazogvis erTTviuris Sesaxeb radiogada-Zaxili~ da a.S. radiomitingi, radiogadaZaxili, radiodaTva-liereba, radioreidi gadaicemoda socialisturi Sejibrebis propagandisaTvis, ama Tu im kampaniis Catarebis mizniT, Rir-ssaxsovari dReebis aRsaniSnavad da sxva.

1929-33 wlebSi wera-kiTxvis ucodinarobis likvidaciis saxelmwifo programam, sayovelTao dawyebiTi swavlebis Se-moRebam, mniSvnelovnad gazarda radios roli masebis komu-

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nisturi ganaTlebis saqmeSi. 1928 wlis bolos moskovis mu-Sur-glexuri radiouniversitetis analogiiT saqarTvelo-Sic Seiqmna `dauswrebeli radiouniversiteti~, romelsac farTo masebisaTvis unda miewodebina `Teoriuli codna same-urneo-kulturul, profkavSirul, kooperaciul Tu sabWoTa mSeneblobis dargSi... amrigad, uRaribes glexebs da soflis axalgazrdobas, muSebs da sxvebs saSualeba eZlevaT ufasod da dauswreblad miiRon Sesaferisi codna radiomauwyeblo-bis saSualebiT~.1 radiocentrTan Seqmnilma specialurma gan-yofilebam SeimuSava radiouniversitetis programa ori fa-kultetisTvis (sasoflo-sameurneo da kooperaciuli). mow-veuli leqtorebi leqciebs kiTxulobdnen masebisaTvis gasa-gebi da popularuli eniT. dauswrebeli radiouniversiteti, romelsac mravalricxovani auditoria hyavda, ZiriTadad warmoadgenda umaRles dauswrebel partiul skolas, romel-mac didi roli Seasrula partiuli da komkavSiruli aqtivis kvalifikaciis amaRlebasa da marqsistul-leninuri moZRvre-bis Seswavla-SeTvisebaSi. TiToeuli msmeneli, romelic Seas-rulebda sakontrolo samuSaoebsa da CaTvlebisaTvis saWiro davalebebs, Rebulobda universitetis damTavrebis mowmobas.

rodesac kompartiam koleqtivizaciisaken aiRo kursi, ra-dio aqtiurad amoudga mxarSi presas sakolmeurneo mSeneb-lobisa da egreT wodebuli kulturuli revoluciis propa-gandaSi. `Cveni mizania gavaZlieroT kulturul-politikuri muSaoba, yoveldRe da yovel saaTs vesaubroT kolmeurneebs, Rarib da saSualo glexobas maT winaSe dasaxul amocanebze. qalaqis sofelTan dakavSirebis saukeTeso iaraRia radio~, — werda 1931 w. 17 maiss gazeTi `komunisti~. garda `glexTa ra-diogazeTisa~, soflis koleqtivizacias, kolmeurneobebis, manqana-traqtorebis sadgurebis Camoyalibebasa da soflad kulturul gardaqmnebs eZRvneboda specialuri sazogadoeb-riv-politikuri da mxatvruli gadacemebi rubrikiT `glexis saaTi~. aseve gadaicemoda kviraSi erTxel `ukanaskneli cno-bebi glexebisaTvis~, `popularuli koncerti glexebisaTvis~

1 `radio-universiteti~, gaz. `komunisti~, 1929, 12.10.

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da a.S. sakolmeurneo gadacemebisTvis yoveldRe gankuTvnili iyo saRamos saaTebi da gansakuTrebiT sagrZnobi iyo litera-turul-musikaluri gadacemebis siWarbe, mag., `Sroma qarTul poeziaSi~, `nikoloz baraTaSvili da misi poezia~, `aRmosav-luri musikis koncerti~, `arsena jorjiaSvili~, `dasavleT evropis revoluciuri poezia~ da sxv.

sakolmeurneo cxovrebasTan erTad radios mxedvelobi-dan ar gamorCenia saxalxo meurneobis sxva dargebic, gansa-kuTrebiT mrewvelobis sakiTxebi, ramdenadac 30-ian wlebSi xelisuflebam prioriteti industrializacias mianiWa da di-di aRmSeneblobiTi saqmianoba gaaCaRa respublikis masSta-biT. 1933 wels mwyobrSi Cadga stalinis saxelobis hidroe-leqtrosadguri `rionhesi~, amuSavda zestafonis feroSenad-nobTa qarxana, samkervalo fabrika baTumSi da sxva samrewve-lo obieqtebi. maT Sesaxeb sistematurad gadaicemoda infor-macia da, aseve, TiToeul maTgans specialuri gadacemebic mi-eZRvna. magram, miuxedavad xelisuflebis didi Zalisxmevisa, qveynis radiofikacia mainc neli tempiT mimdinareobda, rac saqarTvelos radiomauwyeblobis winsvlasac mniSvnelovnad aferxebda. es sakiTxi sagangebo msjelobis saganic gaxda da saqarTvelos kompartiis centralur komitetSi mowveul spe-cialur TaTbirze 1929-30 wlis radiofikaciis gegma CaSli-lad gamocxadda. `radiocentri muSaobs `kus~ tempiT, cekav-Siri ki muSaobs mxolod qaRaldze, profkavSirebi ki dganan ganze da mtkiced icaven neitralitets, adgilze kooperati-ulma organizaciebma arc ki ician, vin awarmoebs radiofika-cias. swored amiT aixsneba is, rom saqarTveloSi mTeli radi-odadgmulobis 80% ar muSaobs~,1 — aRniSnavda presa.

rogorc Cans, es saerTo-sakavSiro problema iyo — radio-saqmiT mravali sabWoTa uwyeba iyo dakavebuli da mas konkre-tuli `patroni~ ar hyavda. amitom fosta-telegrafis saxal-xo komisariatis struqturaSi arsebul radiosammarTvelos funqciebi gaufarTovda da 1931 wels ewoda fosta-telegra-fis saxalxo komisariatTan arsebuli radiomauwyeblobis sa-kavSiro komiteti, xolo 1932 wels am komisariatis reorgani-

1 `radiofikaciis gegma CaSlilia~, gaz. `komunisti~, 1930, 10.09.

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zaciis gamo — sabWoTa kavSiris kavSirgabmulobis saxalxo ko-misariatTan arsebuli radiomauwyeblobis sakavSiro komiteti.

Sesabamisad, 1932 wlis 8 ianvars amierkavkasiis centralu-ri aRmasrulebeli komitetis Tavmjdomarem filipe maxaraZem xeli moawera dadgenilebas amierkavkasiis centraluri aR-masrulebeli komitetis prezidiumTan amierkavkasiis radio-mauwyeblobis komitetis mowyobis Sesaxeb, romelic damtkic-da Semdegi SemadgenlobiT: `Tavmjdomare — ibrahim TaRievi, Tavmjdomaris moadgile — aleqsandre sturua, saqarTvelos ssr komitetidan — pimen xobua, azerbaijanidan — n. gordien-ko, somxeTidan — k. karaguliani~.1

amierkavkasiis radiokomitetis saarqivo masalebis mona-cemebiT, 1932 wlis ivnisSi radioSi funqcionirebda Semdegi seqtorebi: 1. sockulturisa da propagandistuli seqtori (i. gabunia, g. marinaSvili, g. nadiraZe, g. cxadaZe). 2. mxatvru-li (i. baxtaZe, k. feodosiSvili, g. toroSeliZe, i. nazariani, l. lukaSeva). 3. sabavSvo (o. gvelesiani, g. manjgalaZe, r. ara-qelovi, f. oviani). 4. radiogazeTebis redaqcia (qarTul, ru-sul, somxur, azerbaijanul enebze: v. devaZe, i. javaxiSvili, v. ZnelaZe, v. egnataSvili, i. ioseliani, v. begiaSvili, i. wulu-kiZe, f. peCalini, m. avanesovi, m. kormunovi, v. artriani da T. huseinovi). 5. komkavSiruli (d. bliau, l. anoiani, a. gociriZe). 6. fizkulturuli mauwyebloba (a. wereTeli, v. samsoniZe).2

1932 wlis oqtomberSi daiwyo Tbilisis radiosadguris axali mZlavri gadamcemis eqsploatacia, ramac mniSvnelov-nad gaafarTova gadacemebis gavrcelebis are da xarisxi.

1933 wels saqarTveloSi amuSavda stalinis saxelobis 35-kilovatiani radiosadguri, romelic aRWurvili iyo uaxlesi konstruqciis aparaturiT. aRsaniSnavia, rom igi aages adgi-lobrivma specialistebma Tbilisis radiocentris saxelos-noSi, romelic Semdgom radioqarxnad gadakeTda. am wels mox-da sabWoTa radiomauwyeblobis kidev erTi mniSvnelovani re-organizacia — radiomauwyeblobis sakavSiro komiteti gamo-vida ssrk kavSirgabmulobis komisariatis daqvemdebarebidan

1 am/k sfsr kanonebi da gankargulebebi, 1932 w., # 2. 2 am/kavkasiis radiokomiteti, f. 1979, aR. 1, saq. 4, gv. 2.

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da Camoyalibda damoukidebel struqturad, rogorc ssrk sa-xalxo komisarTa sabWosTan (Semdgom ministrTa sabWosTan) arsebuli radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis sakavSiro komiteti.

Sesabamisad, amierkavkasiis respublikebis mTel terito-riaze, radiomauwyeblobis erTiani xelmZRvanelobis mizniT, Seiqmna amierkavkasiis saxalxo komisarTa sabWosTan arsebuli radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis komiteti, romlis Tavmjdomared dainiSna aleqsandre sturua, xolo moadgi-led partiuli muSaki ivliane gabunia. radios pasuxismgebeli mdivnoba da SeTavsebiT sagegmo-finansuri jgufis xelmZRva-neloba daekisra oTar aroSiZes. paralelurad, amierkavkasi-is federaciaSi Semavali respublikebis xelmZRvanelobebs daevalaT, maT teritoriebze umokles vadaSi SeeqmnaT radio-fikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis respublikuri komitetebi. 1933 wlis 8 seqtembers muSaobas Seudga saqarTvelos ssr sax-komsabWosTan arsebuli radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblo-bis respublikuri komiteti, romlis Tavmjdomared dainiSna ivliane gabunia. moadgiled — terenti SariqaZe.1

analogiuri komitetebi Camoyalibda somxeTsa da azerba-ijanSi. faqtobrivad, amierkavkasiis radiokomiteti ganageb-da amierkavkasiis federaciaSi Semavali respublikebis radi-omauwyeblobaTa funqcionirebas da, saerTod, mTel radio-saqmes. axal xelmZRvanelobas droulad unda uzrunveleyo adgilobrivi radiokomitetebis organizaciuli da struqtu-ruli reformebi, ganesazRvra radiomauwyeblobis muSaobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi. praqtikam uCvena, rom radiogaze-Tis SesaZleblobani operatiuli informaciis sferoSi sakma-od SezRuduli iyo, erTi mxriv, misi periodulobiT (ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, dReSi erTi gamoSveba), xolo, meore mxriv, in-formaciis mopovebis, gadamuSavebisa da gavrcelebis sagaze-To meTodebis gadmotaniT, rac drois did danakargebs iwvev-da. wina dRis movlenis meore dRes gaSuqeba, rac gazeTisTvis operatiulad iTvleboda, radiosTvis namdvilad ar iyo sak-marisi. amitom 1932 wlis agvistoSi radiogazeTebi gauqmda da

1 am/kavkasiis radiokomiteti, f. 1979, aR. 2, saq. 1, gv. 4.

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operatiuli informaciis gavrceleba daekisra ùkanasknel cnobaTa~ gamoSvebebs (igulisxmeboda, rom igi ukanasknel mo-mentSi miRebul cnobebs gadascemda). Sesabamisi redaqcia sa-kavSiro radioSi Seiqmna 1932 wlis 1 seqtembers da Tavidan mas centraluri informaciis redaqcia erqva; pirvel xanebSi igi yoveldRiurad mxolod 4 gamoSvebas iZleoda. 1932 wlis de-kemberSi, sakavSiro radiokomitetis msgavsad, saqarTvelo-Sic Sewyda radiogazeTebis gamoSveba da mis bazaze Seiqmna ùka-nasknel cnobaTa da politikuri informaciis redaqcia~, ro-melsac male ùkanaskneli cnobebis~ redaqcia ewoda.

sainformacio gamoSvebis forma (operatiuli cnobebis erTad Tavmoyra da erTsa da imave dros gadacema) metad or-ganuli aRmoCnda radiomauwyeblobisaTvis da dRemde sayo-velTaodaa gavrcelebuli msoflio praqtikaSi; TviTon sa-xelwodeba ùkanaskneli cnobebi~ ki imdenad xangamZle gamod-ga, rom eqvsi aTeuli wlis manZilze SemorCa saqarTvelos ra-dios programas. aseve, sakavSiro radiokomitetis analogiiT, am redaqciis struqturaSi Camoyalibda e.w. àqtualuri gada-cemebis~ jgufi, romelic pirdapir reportaJebsa da tran-slaciebs awyobda movlenaTa adgilebidan.

saqarTveloSi pirveli àqtualuri radiogadacema~ mo-ewyo sagarejodan 1932 wels. misi uSualo monawile, veterani Jurnalisti vano javaxiSvili, romelic 1929-1938 wlebSi mu-Saobda radiokomitetSi, ase igonebda am movlenas: `pirveli aqtualuri gadacema sagarejos kolmeurneobidan gadaveciT. viyaviT e. baxtaZe, m. maWavariani, m. voznesenski da me. valapa-rakeT glexebi. soflis atmosfero rom Segveqmna, mikrofoni wyarosTan mivitaneT CuxCuxis gadasacemad. aseve gadaveciT mamlis yivili. gadacema Cven ar mogvismenia, magram, rogorc gviTxres, Zalian emociuri iyo. saerTod, aqtualur gadace-mebs `rkinis scenars~ veZaxdiT, radgan igi winaswar iwereboda da gadaicemoda moqmedebis adgilidan. e. i. winaswar gamzade-buli scenaris mixedviT unda ganviTarebuliyo movlena. max-sovs, 1932 wels gadaveciT aqtualuri gadacema patriotul Temaze da cxenosanTa divizia gavatareT mikrofonis win, cxe-nebis fexis xma rom gasuliyo eTerSi. maSin yvelaferi pirda-pir gadaicemoda. roca gadacemis mosawyobad mivdiodiT, mTe-

38

li aparatura Tan migvqonda da migvyavda ori teqnikosi. amave wels vaxtang ZamaSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT movamzadeT radi-oreportaJi `marganecis gza~, romelsac sami brigada gadmos-cemda sami adgilidan — WiaTuridan, foTidan da Sorapnidan pirdapir eTerSi. Zalian gagviWirda maRaroebSi Sesvla, mag-ram mainc movaxerxeT mikrofonis Setana ramdenime kilomet-rze da gadaveciT, Tu rogor xdeboda marganecis mopoveba~.1

àqtualuri gadacemebi~ ufro xSirad ismoda eTerSi xmis Camweri aparatis — Sorinofonis praqtikaSi danergvis Semdeg (igi 1932-1934 wlebSi Seqmna leningradelma gamomgonebelma aleqsandre Sorinma).

ùkanaskneli cnobebi~, pirvel rigSi, propagandas uwevda partiisa da mTavrobis mier dasaxuli kursis ganxorciele-bas, romelic 1933-1939 wlebSi ganisazRvreboda meore xuT-wliani gegmis Sesrulebis, kulturuli revoluciisa da sa-xalxo meurneobis rekonstruqciis amocanebiT. sainforma-cio gamoSvebebi gadaicemoda dReSi samjer — diliT, saRamos da RamiT qarTul da rusul enebze, dReSi erTxel somxur da azerbaijanul enebze. gansakuTrebiT didi datvirTva hqonda radios politikuri movlenebis gaSuqebis dros, kerZod, sa-arCevno kampaniebis, sakavSiro da adgilobrivi sabWoebis yri-lobisaTvis mzadebis dReebSi. am mizniT sistematurad ewyo-boda gasvlebi saqarTvelos raionebSi da gadaicemoda adgi-lobrivi xelmZRvaneli muSakebis, mowinave muSebis, kolmeur-neebis da sxva profesiis adamianebis gamosvlebi mikrofonTan.

ùkanasknel cnobebSi~ Camoyalibda da daixvewa iseTi ra-dioJanrebi, rogoricaa informaciuli SeniSvna, angariSi, mik-rofonTan gamosvla, reportaJi (naklebad interviu), gamoC-nda radioJurnalistTa profesiuli kadrebic, romlebic Zi-riTadad presidan movidnen da aiTvises radioJurnalistis unar-Cvevebi.

im droisTvis damaxasiaTebel enTuziazms kargad moergo radioforma `mikrofonTan gamosvla~, romelsac Tavidanve gamocdilebis gaziarebis funqcia daekisra da adamianebis TviTgamoxatvis saSualebad iTvleboda. mikrofonTan umete-

1 i. javaxiSvili, `ganTiadi~, gaz. `Tbilisi~, 1977, 11.02.

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sad gamodiodnen muSebi, glexebi, partiuli muSakebi, nakle-bad mecnierebis, kulturisa da xelovnebis moRvaweni. maT axa-siaTebda amaRlebuli, paTetikuri toni da optimisturi gan-wyoba, rasac dadebiTi gavlena unda moexdina auditoriaze.

1935 wels sakavSiro radiom qveyanas amcno doneckeli me-Saxtis aleqsei staxanovis `SromiTi gmirobis~ Sesaxeb da mTel sabWoTa kavSirSi farTod gaiSala staxanovuri moZrao-ba gegmebis gadaWarbebiT SesrulebisaTvis. saqarTvelos ra-diomac operatiulad SemoiRo cikli `staxanovelTa tribu-na~, sadac sistematurad iwvevdnen Sromis mowinaveebs, rom-lebic paTetikurad saubrobdnen TavianT warmatebebze. es iyo gamocdilebis gaziarebis tribunac, romlis paTosic mi-sabaZi unda gamxdariyo sxva mSromelebisTvisac. swored ra-dioTi gaacno msmenelebs staxanovelma feiqarma eTeri maza-naSvilma is baraTi, romelic aleqsei staxanovisagan miiRo.1

saqarTvelos saxkomsabWosTan arsebuli radiofikaciisa da radiogadacemaTa komitetis (rogorc mas moixseniebdnen oficialur dokumentebSi) `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ redaqcia-Si 1934 wlis 27 ivnisis monacemebiT muSaobdnen: 1. giorgi sur-gulaZe — pasuxismgebeli redaqtori (masve evaleboda wiTe-larmielTa gadacemebis xelmZRvaneloba), 2. vano javaxiSvili — qarTul gadacemaTa politikuri redaqtori, 3. ivane iose-liani — qarTul gadacemaTa literaturuli redaqtori, 4. emil farsadanovi — rusul gadacemaTa redaqtori, 5. varTan artriani — somxur gadacemaTa redaqtori (SeTavsebiT), 6. ma-med iskandarovi — azerbaijanul gadacemaTa redaqtori (Se-TavsebiT), 7. leo gabunia — organizatorul-masobrivi muSao-bis instruqtori.2 masobrivi muSaobis organizatorebs eva-lebodaT radiogadacemebis koleqtiuri mosmenebis mowyoba, muSebisa da kolmeurneebis mikrofonTan gamosvlebis organi-zeba, raionebSi da sawarmo-dawesebulebebSi gasvla radios popularizaciis mizniT.

`ukanaskneli cnobebis~ garda, radios sainformacio ma-uwyeblobaSi 1936 wlidan damkvidrda `Tbilisis axali ambebi~,

1 g. enuqiZe, saxelovani TariRi, `sabWoTa xelovneba~, 1977, # 4, gv. 7. 2 am/kavkasiis radiokomiteti, f. 1979. aR. 1, saq. 4, gv. 3.

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romelic gamosasvleli dReebis garda, gadaicemoda yovel-dRe qarTul da rusul enebze da dedaqalaqis saWirboroto problemebs exeboda.

30-iani wlebis SuaxanebSi sabWoTa unitaruli saxelmwi-fos Camoyalibebam ganapiroba masmediis centralizacia mTe-li sabWoTa kavSiris masStabiT da sakavSiro radiokomitetma sruli kontroli daamyara adgilobriv radiokomitetebze. 1935 wlis Semodgomaze, `amierkavkasiaSi respublikuri radi-okomitetebis gaZlierebis mizniT~, gauqmda amierkavkasiis saxkomsabWosTan arsebuli radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeb-lobis komiteti da Seiqmna sabWoTa kavSiris amierkavkasiis federaciis saxkomsabWosTan arsebuli radiofikaciisa da ra-diomauwyeblobis rwmunebulTa sammarTvelo. Sesabamisad, al. sturuac amieridan iwodeboda rogorc sakavSiro radiokomi-tetis rwmunebuli amierkavkasiaSi. mis moadgiled dainiSna n. bartiSevski, TanaSemwed sagegmo-safinanso sakiTxebSi — o. aroSiZe, ufros ekonomistad — T. lolaZe. faqtobrivad, sa-qarTvelos radiokomitets, da aseve, amierkavkasiis federa-ciaSi Semavali respublikebis radiokomitetebs ori zemdgo-mi instancia kurirebda: sakavSiro radiokomiteti da amier-kavkasiis radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis rwmunebul-Ta sammarTvelo, xolo am uwyebebs — Tavad xelisuflebisa da kompartiis umaRlesi organoebi. amave wels saqarTvelos sax-komsabWosTan arsebuli radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblo-bis komitetis Tavmjdomared dainiSna partiuli muSaki artem kvirikaZe, xolo mis moadgiled — yofili Tavmjdomare ivlia-ne gabunia. es cvlileba, savaraudod, ufro politikuri xasi-aTisa iyo da moaxloebuli represiebis win radiogadacemebze adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mxridan kontrolis gamkacrebas isaxavda miznad. Sesabamisad, radioprogramebSic imata pro-pagandistulma gadacemebma, romlebic komunisturi ideolo-giis poziciebidan ganumartavda msmenelebs sazogadoebriv-politikur movlenebs, ekonomikisa da kulturis sakiTxebs. am mizniT farTod gamoiyeneboda leqciebisa da saubrebis for-ma, romelTa avtorebi partiuli muSakebi, sxvadasxva saxel-mwifo uwyebaTa xelmZRvanelebi, ama Tu im dargis specialis-tebi da mecnierebi iyvnen. aseve, radio farTod iyenebda cen-

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traluri da respublikuri presis masalebs. sakmarisia Tvali gadavavloT propagandistul gadacemaTa saTaurebs da maTi mizanmimarTulebac TvalsaCino gaxdeba: `komunizmis mSeneb-lobis udidesi mesaWe~, `Sroma komunistur sazogadoebaSi~, `ssrk miRwevaTa mokle mimoxilva~, `lenini religiis Sesaxeb~, `leninuri ìskra~ da misi gavrceleba saqarTveloSi~ da a.S. radios propagandistuli muSaoba gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda 1936 wlidan ssrk konstituciis proeqtis ganxilvisa da miRe-bis periodSi. gadaicemoda leqciebi, moxsenebebi, konsulta-ciebi, pasuxebi mSromelTa SekiTxvebze da a.S.

gaizarda radioprogramebSi saganmanaTleblo gadaceme-bis wilic. radios organizaciul struqturaSi Seiqmna axali seqtori `TviTganviTarebis dasaxmareblad~, romelsac msme-nelebSi unda gaeRviZebina codnis SeZenisa da gaRrmavebis survili da damoukidebeli swavlis interesic aReZra. umete-sad gamoiyeneboda rogorc centraluri presidan Targmnili, ise respublikuri beWduri organoebidan amokrefili masale-bi. aqve Sedioda saubrebi mecnierebisa da teqnikis Sesaxeb. ma-galiTad, `dedamiwis warmoSoba~, `ra aRmoaCina darvinma~, `mi-wisZvrebis mecnieruli winaswarmetyveleba~, àkademikosi pav-lovi~, `fridrix engelsi~, `safrangeTis didi revolucia~ da sxva. seqtoris pirveli òrganizator-xelmZRvaneli~ iyo aka-ki ZiZiguri.

1936 wlidan, sakavSiro radios msgavsad, saqarTvelos ra-diokomitetma wamoiwyo specialuri cikli diasaxlisebisaT-vis — àqtiuri diasaxlisi~, romlis mizanic iyo farTod Caeba sabWoTa qalebi socializmis mSeneblobaSi (igi grZeldeboda omis periodSi da SemdgomSic). mzaddeboda gadacemebi im ada-mianebze, romlebic kargad aTavsebdnen ojaxur da sazogado-ebriv saqmianobas. yuradReba daeTmo mravalSvilianobis problemas, romelic, rogorc Cans, maSinac mwvave erovnuli sakiTxi iyo. gadaicemoda eqimis rCevebi dedaTa dasaxmareb-lad, bavSvebis movlasa da aRzrdaze da a.S. qalebisTvis spe-cialurad SemoiRes ciklebi literaturaze da saqarTvelos istoriaze.

1937 wlis bolos sakavSiro radiom daiwyo leqciebis ga-dacema sabWoTa kavSiris kompartiis istoriis propagandis

42

mizniT da yvela respublikur radiokomitets daevala analo-giuri gadacemebis uzrunvelyofa. es ganpirobebuli iyo `sak. kp (b) istoriis mokle kursis~ gamocemiT, romelic didi xnis manZilze (omamde da omis Semdgomac) sabWoTa sazogadoebis ideologiuri aRzrdis safuZvels da sayovelTao politswav-lebis ZiriTad saxelmZRvanelos warmoadgenda. wigni saswra-fod iTargmna qarTul enaze da 1938 wlidan saqarTvelos ra-dios eTerSi damkvidrda gadacemaTa cikli `sakavSiro kp(b) istoriis SemswavlelTa dasaxmareblad~ qarTul da rusul enebze. garda leqciebisa, gadaicemoda axsna-ganmartebiTi sa-ubrebi: magaliTad, `rogor vswavlob me istoriis mokle kurss~, `istoriis mokle kursis mniSvneloba~ da a.S.

30-iani wlebis SuaxanebSi gaumjobesda radiogadacemebis xarisxic. 1935 wlis 26 ivliss saq. kp(b) centralur komitetis dadgenilebaSi `radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis Sesa-xeb saqarTveloSi~ sagangebod iyo aRniSnuli, rom `ordeno-san sabWoTa saqarTvelos unda hqondes sanimuSod mowyobili radiogadacema, radiogadamcemi da radiomimRebi qselebi — ai, mTavari amocana~.1 xolo erTi wlis Semdeg, 1936 wlis 17 marts, gazeTi `komunisti~ aRniSnavda: `tfilisis radiokvanZi erT-erTi mZlavri kvanZia saqarTveloSi. Cven milionobiT msmeneli gvyavs, gvismenen polaruli arqtikidan, xulos rai-onis Soreuli soflidan, vladivastokidan leningradamde~. radioSi gamoCndnen `damkvreli~ korespondentebic. radio-komitetis xelmZRvaneloba sanimuSo gadacemebis avtorebs madlobebiTa da premiebiT ajildoebda. magaliTad, 1935 wlis seqtemberSi frunzes saxelobis qarTulma samTo diviziam mo-awyo laSqroba myinvarwverze, sadac unda daedgaT `msoflio-Si pirveli diadi socialisturi samSoblos yvela sasaxelo saqmeTa Semoqmedis da sulis Camdgmelis amx. stalinis biusti. saq. radiokomitets wilad xvda gaewia kulturuli momsaxu-reba molaSqre mebrZolebisTvis radiogadacemis specialuri mowyobiT. es davaleba warmatebiT Seasrules litredaqtor-ma s. yaragiSvilma da gamomSvebi jgufis xelmZRvanelma n. to-maSCukma, romlebmac dasmuli amocanis SesrulebaSi gviCvenes

1 radiofronti, 1935 w., # 23, gv. 4.

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bolSevikuri nebisyofis namdvili nimuSebi da saukeTeso ra-diogadacema moawyves~.1 an kidev, `dajildovdes oqtombris 17 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT socialistur SejibrebaSi aRebuli valdebulebis asi procentiT xarisxobrivad SesrulebisaT-vis da damkvreluri muSaobis warmoebisTvis komitetis Tanam-Sromeli farsadanovi emili~2 da a.S. umTavresad, politiku-rad da ideologiurad gamokveTili radiogadacemebi imsaxu-rebda xelmZRvanelobis mowonebas. da, piriqiT, sayvedurebiT da samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebiT isjebodnen is TanamSrom-lebi, romlebic saTanado `ideur sifrTxiles~ ver iCendnen. magaliTad, 1935 wlis 28 Tebervlis brZanebiT, `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ litredaqtorebs e. farsadanovsa da i. ioselians `gadacemis `metalurgebi stalinTan, molotovTan da orjo-nikiZesTan~ biuletenSi stalinis sityvis gamotovebisTvis, rac miewereba klasikuri sifxizlis miZinebas, gamoecxadoT sastiki sayveduri Sromis siaSi SetaniT~,3 amave dros yvela radiomuSaks mieca gafrTxileba `klasikuri sifxizlis gamax-vilebisaTvis~.

1936 wlis 1 ivliss gauqmda sabWoTa kavSiris saxkomsab-WosTan arsebuli amierkavkasiis radiofikaciisa da radioma-uwyeblobis rwmunebulTa sammarTvelo, da Sesabamisad, rwmu-nebulis Tanamdebobac. amjerad, al. sturuam saqarTvelos radiokomitetis Tavmjdomare artem kvirikaZe Secvala. ram-denime TveSi avadmyofobis gamo isic gaTavisuflda am Tanam-debobidan da mis adgilze giorgi mirotaZe dainiSna, romlis Tavmjdomareobac xanmokle gamodga. erTi wlis Semdeg mas ra-diokomitetSi `muSaobis CaSla~ dabralda da cnobili repre-siebis msxverpli Seiqna. 1937 wlis agvistodan saq. ssr saxkom-sabWosTan arsebul radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis komitets saTaveSi Caudga Salva cagareiSvili.

am periodisTvis radioSi funqcionirebda Semdegi seqto-rebi (xan maT redaqciebsac uwodebdnen): politmauwyeblobis seqtori, romelsac xelmZRvanelobda amave dros Tavmjdoma-

1 am/kavkasiis radiokomiteti, f. 1979, aR. 2, saq. 4. 2 iqve, saq. 7, gv. 25. 3 iqve, gv. 18.

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ris erT-erTi moadgile a. leviti; agitacia-propagandis seq-tori — pasuxismgebeli redaqtori g. manjgalaZe, redaqtore-bi: l. gabunia, a. Wyonia da m. voznesenski; literaturul-dra-matuli seqtori — pm/g redaqtori a. gabeskiria, redaqtorebi: g. nadiraZe, a. karamiani; sabavSvo seqtori — pm/g redaqtori a. cercvaZe, redaqtorebi: a. ZiZiguri, e. CodriSvili, x. alieva; musikaluri seqtori — pm/g redaqtori al. bukia, redaqtorebi: r. Saverdiani, s. niqabaZe, i. molCanovi; `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ redaqcia — pm/g redaqtori S. tabataZe, literatorebi: g. gi-orgaZe da n. tyemalaZe; somxurenovan `ukanasknel cnobebs~ xelmZRvanelobda m. aslaniani, xolo azerbaijanuls — m. mu-radovi. arsebobda sxva saStato erTeulebic: arastudiuri Ca-nawerebis organizatori — l. gabunia, korespondenti — m. We-iSvili, reportiori — v. firaniSvili, `masovik-organizato-ri~, memontaJe, xmis operatori, radiofoniki da sxv., aseve ra-diofikaciis seqtori — ufrosi k. kontrikaZe da Zireuli ma-uwyeblobis seqtori p. javaxaZis xelmZRvanelobiT (es seqtori kurirebda regionebSi adgilobrivi radiokvanZebis muSaobas).1

sagangebod unda aRiniSnos gamomSvebi seqtori, romelic radios diqtorebs aerTianebda. swored aq Caeyara safuZveli diqtoris profesias, romelic radios daarsebis dRidanve mi-si aucilebeli atributi gaxda. zepiri sityvis masobrivi gav-rcelebis SesaZleblobam ganapiroba mikrofonTan wamkiTxve-lis axali profesiis warmoSoba. radioprogramebis did na-wils diqtorebi axmovanebdnen. am Tanamdebobaze 30-iani wle-bis Suaxanebamde radiokomitetSi ZiriTadad sxvadasxva spe-cialobis adamianebi muSaobdnen, romlebmac gamocdileba praqtikul saqmianobaSi SeiZines da daeuflnen axal profesi-as. a. boiarski, v. jafariZe, al. cercvaZe, c. amirejibi, ak. bo-xua, n. tomaSCuki, n. timoSCenko, l. solncevi da t. Sleteri, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom pirveli diqtorebi iyvnen. umravleso-bam 1936 wlamde imuSava, garda a. boiarskisa, romelic 1938 wels dainiSna ufros diqtorad, xolo 1945 wlidan sxva Tanam-debobaze gadavida. 1933 wlidan saqarTvelos radiokomitet-Si Seiqmna diqtorTa satarifo-sakvalifikacio komisia, rome-


45

lic damsaxurebis mixedviT aniWebda diqtorebs IV, III, II, I da umaRles kategoriebs. swored konkursis safuZvelze radios qarTuli gadacemebis diqtorebad miiRes qeTo landia, Tamar leJava, qeTevan kereseliZe, Tamar gaTenaSvili, aleqsandre cercvaZe, rusuli gadacemebis diqtorad — ekaterine flias-teri, azerbaijanuli gadacemebis — ali-zade-hasani. 1934 wli-dan daiwyes radioSi muSaoba azerbaijanul-rusul gadacema-Ta diqtorad lusia abramianma da somxuri gadacemebis — ema anmegikianma.

aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos radiokomiteti yovel-wliurad miavlenda diqtorebs moskovSi, sakavSiro radioko-mitetis diqtorTa gadasamzadebel erTTvian kursebze kvali-fikaciis asamaRleblad da es tradicia sabWoTa kavSiris daS-lamde grZeldeboda.

Tu ra did mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen radiokomitetis Ta-namSromlebi radiometyvelebas da mxatvruli kiTxvis xelov-nebis dauflebas, amas gazeT `komunistis~ 1936 wlis 17 martis nomerSi dabeWdili g. nadiraZis, n. Sestkovisa da p. kobaxiZis werilic gviCvenebs saTauriT `literatura mikrofonTan~. masSi gaanalizebulia radiokomitetis muSaoba da sagangebo-daa aRniSnuli, rom `redaqciaSi ukve erkvevian radios speci-fikaSi da ician, rom maT arsebiTad ori amocana aqvT: saaqtio-ro da saavtoro — orive metad mniSvnelovania. radios aqvs Tavisi sametyvelo kanoni, yvelas rodi SeuZlia mikrofonTan kiTxva. Cveni msaxiobebi jer kidev ver iyeneben TavianT mxat-vrul SesaZleblobebs mikrofonTan, radgan mikrofoni jer kidev bevrisTvis `saidumlo aparatia~. gvyavs aseTebic: u. CxeiZe, v. anjafariZe, ak. xorava, v. goZiaSvili, ak. vasaZe da sxvebi. isini Zalian uyvarT msmenelebs~.

1938 wlidan daiwyo radiokomitetSi diqtoris Tanamde-bobebze msaxiobebis miwvevac, romlebsac metyvelebis ufro maRali kultura gaaCndaT da mikrofonTan muSaobis xelovne-basac iolad iTvisebdnen. aseTi diqtorebi iyvnen ak. xoravas saxelobis dramatuli studiis kursdamTavrebuli daviT spi-randi da kinomsaxiobTa saswavleblis yofili studenti da-viT Zigua. saqarTvelos radioSi ukve ormocian wlebSi Camo-yalibda diqtorTa profesiuli skola, romelmac bevri niWie-

46

ri diqtori daaostata da didi rolic Seasrula radios po-pularizaciaSi.

30-iani wlebis SuaxanebSi respublikur presas radioma-uwyeblobis specialuri beWduri organoc Seemata, rac mia-niSnebda, rom radio ukve Camoyalibebuli iyo masobrivi in-formaciis damoukidebel saSualebad, Jurnalistikis axal saxeobad da mas seriozuli ideologiuri, organizatoruli da kulturuli funqciebi hqonda dakisrebuli. radios mTe-li respublikis masStabiT usmendnen sxvadasxva profesiis, erovnebisa Tu asakis adamianebi da maT meti informacia sWir-debodaT radios Sesaxeb.

marTalia, radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis sakiTx-ebze radios daarsebis dRidanve werdnen respublikuri Jur-nal-gazeTebi da radioprogramebic ibeWdeboda, magram es sakmarisi ar aRmoCnda da aucilebeli gaxda sakuTari, e.w. ra-diopresis Seqmna. pirveli aseTi organo 1935 wlis 15 Teber-vals gamovida da ewodeboda `radiogazeTi~, `saqarTvelos saxkomsabWosTan arsebuli radiofikaciisa da radiogadace-mis komitetisa da saqarTvelos alkk centralur komitetTan arsebuli radios xelSemwyobi komitetis organo~ (erTxans komkavSirs radios Sefobac evaleboda da amitom cxaddeboda igi gazeTis Tanagamomcemlad). male komkavSiri dasaxelebi-dan amovarda da erTaderT gamomcemlad darCa radiokomite-ti. gazeTs redaqtorobda radiokomitetis Tavmjdomaris mo-adgile ivliane gabunia. meore da Semdegi nomrebi Secvlili saxelwodebiT gamovida `radioprogramebi~, `radiomsmenelTa damxmare~, Tumca darCa imave saxiT da imave redaqtoriT. es mcire formatis gazeTi ilustrirebuli iyo, gamodioda Tve-Si samjer da mis funqcias Seadgenda msmenelebisaTvis `amx. stalinis saxelobis radiosadguris gadacemaTa programebis~ gacnoba, maTi orientacia saTanado gadacemebze, romlebic rubrikebis saSualebiT dalagebuli iyo Tematikisa da audi-toriis gaTvaliswinebiT: `dauswrebeli radio part-swavle-ba~, `sakolmeurneo gadacemebi~, `musikaluri gadacemebi~, `sabavSvo gadacemebi~ da sxv.

garda amisa, pirvel gverdze rubrikiT `moismineT~ ibeW-deboda mniSvnelovani gadacemebis mokle anotaciebi, rubri-

47

kebi: `yoveldRe~, `gamosasvleli dReebis garda~, `gamosas-vlel dReebSi~. garkveuli adgili eTmoboda radiomsmenelTa gamoxmaurebebsac rubrikiT `radiomsmenelebi radiogadace-mebis Sesaxeb~. gazeTis furclebze radios propagandas uwev-dnen cnobili qarTveli mwerlebi, kulturisa da xelovnebis moRvaweebi. magaliTad, Salva dadiani werilSi saTauriT `ra-diosaTvis~ gansakuTrebulad mianiSnebda radios aRmzrde-lobiT daniSnulebaze, mis rolze sityvakazmuli mwerlobis popularizaciaSi da Tanadgomasac hpirdeboda: `Cemis mxriT, mzad var, rac ki xelidan gamomiva, Tu dagWirdebiT, vemsaxu-ro radios, romlis mniSvnelobac socialisturi mSeneblobis saqmeSi metad didia da saWiro~.1 amave saTauriT momdevno no-merSi daibeWda sandro SanSiaSvilis werilic, sadac igi saku-Tar grZnobebs radios mimarT Semdegi sityvebiT gamoxatavda: `miyvars radio da aRtacebuli var. Cemi survilia saqarTve-los radiom meti yuradReba miaqcios sxvadasxva kuTxis xalxur Semoqmedebas, rogorc simRerebs, ise kazmul sityvierebas~.2

`radioprogramebi~ politikuri xasiaTis werilebsac beW-davda — ZiriTadad radiokomitetis xelmZRvanelTa gamoxmau-rebebs xelisuflebis mier miRebul dadgenilebebze radios dargSi da sxva xasiaTis masalebs.

1935-36 wlebSi `radioprogramebis~ paralelurad kidev erTi gazeTi gamodioda `radiofrontis~ saxelwodebiT (es saTauri sakavSiro radiokomitetis orkvireuli Jurnalis analogiiT daerqva). masac i. gabunia redaqtorobda da radi-oprogramebisa da anotaciebis garda, sxva saintereso infor-maciebsac beWdavda radios Sesaxeb. Tumca Zneli asaxsnelia, Tu ratom gamoscemda erTi da igive organizacia erTdrou-lad or erTnair gazeTs. 1935 wels gamosvlas iwyebs radioko-mitetis kidev erTi yovelTviuri organo (patara albomis sa-xiT) `sabavSvo radiogadacemebis programa~, romlis pasuxis-mgebeli redaqtori iyo vaxtang ZamaSvili. rogorc saTauri migvaniSnebs, igi beWdavda sabavSvo mauwyeblobis radioprog-ramebs da reklamas uwevda sabavSvo gadacemebs. gamodioda

1 `radiogazeTi~, 1935 w., # 1, gv. 1. 2 radioprogramebi, `radiomsmenelis damxmare~, 1935 w., # 2, gv. 4.

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qarTul da rusul enebze, savaraudod, erTi wlis ganmavlo-baSi. radiopresis 1935-36 wlebis sxva nimuSebi jerjerobiT miukvlevelia da, safiqrebelia, rom 40-ian wlebamde arc ga-modioda, Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT 1939 wlis 26 noembers adgilobrivi sabWoebis arCevnebis mzadebasTan dakavSirebiT erTjerad gamocemas `radiobiuletens~. igi oTxgverdiania da masSi dabeWdilia masalebi adgilobrivi radiokvanZebis muSaobaze arCevnebis Sesaxvedrad da radiogadacemebis cxri-lebi. 1940 wlidan `radioprogramebi~ kvlav iwyebs gamosvlas gazeTis saxiT, magram 1941 wlis ivnisSi isev wydeba omis dawy-ebasTan dakavSirebiT. radiopresis es pirveli nimuSebi metad saintereso masalas Seicavs saqarTvelos radios istoriis omamdel periodze da gvexmareba qarTuli sabWoTa radio-Jurnalistikis ganviTarebis ZiriTadi procesebis garkvevaSi.

1936 wels radios muSaobis gaumjobesebas mniSvnelovnad Seuwyo xeli praqtikaSi profesor Sorinis mier damzadebul-ma xmis Camweri da aRmdgeni aparatis `Sorinofonis~ daner-gvam. 1936 wels moewyo pirveli sacdeli gadacema — Sorino-foniT Caiwera nawyvetebi z. faliaSvilis operidan `abesalom da eTeri~ Tbilisis saxelmwifo konservatoriasTan arsebuli saopero studiis axalgazrda momRerlebis SesrulebiT, 22 marts ki Caiwera saqarTvelos radiofestivalze gamosul mu-sikos-SemsrulebelTa koncerti.

Sorinofons farTod iyenebdnen studiisgare Canawerebi-saTvis, ZiriTadad aqtualuri gadacemebis mosamzadeblad. aseT Canawerebze gansakuTrebuli kontroli iyo dawesebuli, ramdenadac komitetSi mxolod ramdenime Sorinofoni arse-bobda, moTxovnileba ki didi iyo. TanamSromlebi sagangebo-dac ki iyvnen gafrTxilebuli, rom `arastudiuri gadacemebis momzadeba mxolod komitetis xelmZRvanelobasTan gegmisa da Temis SeTanxmebis Semdegaa nebadarTuli~.1 sul male ki saqar-Tvelos radiokomitetma sakmao raodenobis Sorinofonis kompleqti miiRo da Seqmna `xmovanebis Camweri laboratoria~, romelic daeqvemdebara radiokomitetis Tavmjdomaris moad-giles iv. gabunias, teqnikur nawils xelmZRvanelobda s. kas-

1 saq. uicsa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 3, gv. 6.

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raZe. Seiqmna agreTve e.w. meqanikuri gadacemebis seqtori, ro-melsac evaleboda programisTvis SorinoCanawerebisa da tonfilmebis momzadeba (tonfilms uwodebdnen kinofirze Ca-weril musikalur da xmovan fonogramas, romelic gankuTvni-li iyo radioqselSi gadasacemad da farTod gamoiyeneboda praqtikaSi magnituri Caweris danergvamde). seqtors xel-mZRvanelobda inJineri oTar quTaTelaZe.

radiomuSakebi cdilobdnen yovel mniSvnelovan movlena-sa Tu RonisZiebas àqtualuri gadacemebiT~ gamoxmaurebod-nen da ufro emociuri da radiogenuri produqcia miewodebi-naT msmenelebisaTvis. àqtualur gadacemebs~ jer kidev ar uwodebdnen reportaJebs, magram maTSi ukve gamokveTili iyo radioreportaJisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi: dinamikuri Txroba, `daswrebis efeqtis~ Seqmna, Jurnalistis pirovnebis TviTwarmoCena da a.S. ase magaliTad, 1936 wels ssrk umaRlesi jildoebi gadaecaT saqarTvelos respublikis mSromelebs, mwerlebsa da xelovnebis moRvaweebs. 30 marts moskovSi myofi delegacia TbilisSi dabrunda da radioc operatiulad àq-tualuri gadacemiT~ gamoexmaura am movlenas. radiopresa ase aRwerda am process: `30 marts Ramis 11 saaTze mikrofons daaseirnebdnen tfilisis sadguris baqanze. — amxanagebo, ma-tarebeli, romelsac mohyavs delegacia, ukve gamoCnda, — acx-adeben radioSi da msmeneli ise grZnobs Tavs, TiTqos isinic eswrebian warCinebul adamianebTan Sexvedras. sadgurze moZ-raoba, zaris rekva, matareblis Semosvla da orTqlmavlis sayviri — yvelaferi es garkveviT ismis radiomimRebSi. daiwyo mitingi da mikrofonma gadasca amx. nioraZis da piloti qalis rusudan Jordanias sityvebi. mozRvavebuli xalxis vaSa ismis radioSi. 30 martis radiogadacema teqnikuradac saukeTeso iyo~.1 aseTive radioreportaJebi momzadda xaSuris rkinigzis sadguridan, staxanovelTa binebidan, quTaisidan, sagarejos, gurjaanis raionebidan.

radio SeZlebisdagvarad cdilobda msoflioSi mimdinare movlenebis saqmis kursSi hyoloda msmeneli da rubrikiT `sa-erTaSoriso cxovreba~ kviraSi samjer gadascemda jerovnad

1 aqtualuri gadacema tfilisis sadguridan, `radiofronti~, 1936 w., 1.

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cenzuragavlil informaciebs ucxoeTis Sesaxeb, umetesad ki — centraluri da respublikuri presidan amoRebul masalebs. am periodSi meti yuradReba daeTmo faSizmis mxilebas (anti-faSisturi propaganda daiwyo jer kidev 1934 wlidan — laip-cigis cnobili procesisa da Semdgom espaneTis samoqalaqo omis gaSuqebiT, magram am periodSi ufro gaZlierda). gaCaRda Tavdacvisa da samxedro momzadebis farTo propaganda (ro-gorc Cans, sazogadoebrivi azris momzadeba momavali omis-Tvis). 1939 wlidan gamoCnda programebSi axali rubrika `qimi-is istoriidan~, romelSic saubari iyo atomis agebulebaze da misi gamoyenebis SesaZleblobaze, aseve qimiis rolze qveynis Tavdacvis saqmeSi.

amave wlidan daiwyo radioSi respublikuri gazeTebis mi-moxilvebisa da kviraSi 4-jer centraluri gazeTebis — `prav-disa~ da `izvestiis~ mowinave statiebis Targmanebis gadacema.

rogorc adre aRvniSneT, saqarTvelos radio 30-ian wleb-Si mauwyeblobda 6 enaze, maT Soris drodadro afxazur da osur enebzec. Jurnal `teqnika da SromaSi~ 1938 wlis 4-5 no-merSi gamoqveynebuli cxrilis mixedviT, enobrivi Tvalsaz-risiT, radiogadacemebis procentuli balansi Semdegnairia: gadacemebs qarTul enaze ukavia 60%, rusulenovans (moskovi-dan translaciebis gareSe) — 20%, somxur da azerbaijanule-novans — 10-10%. Tu moskovis radiokomitetis translacieb-sac gaviTvaliswinebT, romelic yoveldRe Seadgenda daaxlo-ebiT 3 saaTs, cxadia, rom saqarTvelos radioSi rusulenovani gadacemebis wili sakmaod maRali iyo. zogierTi translire-buli gadacema iTargmneboda qarTuladac da or enaze gadai-cemoda erTsa da imave dRes. am praqtikas xelovnuri xasiaTi hqonda da ufro politikuri mosazrebiT iyo ganpirobebuli.

30-iani wlebis SuaxanebSi Camoyalibebuli sazogadoeb-riv-politikuri radiomauwyebloba, romelic warmatebiT as-rulebda ideologiur da informaciul funqciebs, socialis-turi sinamdvilis mZlavri agitatori da propagandisti iyo. amasTanave materialur-teqnikuri bazisa da radioaparatu-ris gaumjobesebam biZgi misca radioJanrebisa da radiofor-mebis struqturuli da gamomsaxvelobiTi SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebas, xolo winaswar dafiqsirebis saSualebam gaa-

51

farTova xmovani dokumentalistikis sazRvrebi da maSindeli sazogadoebrivi realobis erTgvar mematianed mogvevlina.

rac Seexeba mxatvrul mauwyeblobas, am periodSi ukve ga-mokveTilia misi sami ZiriTadi mimarTuleba: literaturuli, dramatuli da musikaluri gadacemebi. Tumca literaturul-dramatuli mauwyebeloba 1927-1930 wlebSi jer kidev sakmaod uferulad gamoiyureboda: m. gorkis nawerebis mxatvruli kiTxva, l. tolstois dabadebis 100 wlisTavi, oqtombris re-voluciisadmi miZRvnili literaturuli saRamoebi, nawyve-tebi jon ridis wignidan àTi dRe, romelmac SeZra msoflio~. revoluciuri piesa ànzoris~ translacia, mxatvruli prog-rama glexebisaTvis, koncertebisa da operebis translaciebi da sxva usistemod gadaicemoda eTerSi. jer kidev ar Candnen qarTveli mwerlebi mikrofonTan.

mdgomareoba mkveTrad Seicvala sakavSiro kp (b) centra-luri komitetis 1932 wlis 23 aprilis dadgenilebis `salite-raturo-samxatvro organizaciaTa gardaqmnis Sesaxeb~ miRe-bis Semdeg. masSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom àmJamad, roca proleta-ruli literaturisa da xelovnebis kadrebi ukve aRizardnen, qarxnebidan, fabrikebidan da kolmeurneobebidan dawinaur-dnen axali mwerlebi da mxatvrebi, arsebuli proletaruli saliteraturo-samxatvro organizaciaTa CarCoebi ukve viw-ro xdeba da aferxebs mxatvruli Semoqmedebis seriozul gaS-las~.1 aqedan gamomdinare, gauqmda mweralTa sxvadasxva daj-gufebebi da yvela mwerali saerTo mweralTa kavSirSi gaerTi-anda. am dadgenilebiT bolo moeRo proletar mweralTa gaba-tonebul mdgomareobas da qarTuli literaturis saukeTeso warmomadgenlebs mikrofonTan gamosvlis saSualeba miecaT.

radios Semdgom muSaobaze dadebiTi gavlena iqonia 1934 wlis 8 aprils moskovSi Catarebulma sakavSiro SemoqmedebiT-ma TaTbirma mxatvruli mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb, romelmac gan-sakuTrebuli yuradReba dauTmo mxatvruli formebis ganvi-Tarebas. aseve mniSvnelovani movlena iyo 1934 wlis 17 agvis-tos sabWoTa mweralTa pirveli sakavSiro yriloba, romlis Semdegac bolo moeRo proletar mweralTa laSqrobas klasi-

1 partiuli da sabWoTa beWduri sityvis Sesaxeb, 1956 w., gv. 580.

52

kosTa winaaRmdeg da eTerSic gaisma `klasikuri memkvidreo-bis~ ciklis gadacemebi. radio klasikuri literaturis erT-erTi pirveli popularizatori gaxda. igi gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT aRniSnavda qarTveli mwerlebis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis mniSvnelovan TariRebs da yovel literaturul movlenas aqtiurad exmianeboda.

1935 wlis 17 oqtombers vaJa-fSavelas neSti didubis pan-Teonidan mTawmindaze gadaasvenes. 11 oqtombers radiom gadas-ca vaJasadmi miZRvnili organyofilebiani SemoqmedebiTi saRa-mos radioreportaJi; `pirvel ganyofilebaSi vaJas Semoqmede-baze isaubra karlo kalaZem, gadaica Sio mRvimelis mogoneba masze. II ganyofilebaSi poetebma v. gafrindaSvilma, al. gomiaS-vilma, g. kaWaxiZem da i. burWulaZem waikiTxes vaJas xsovnisadmi miZRvnili leqsebi. fandurze Sesrulda vaJas zogierTi simRe-ra. aRsaniSnavia, rom radiom gadasca axal-axali masalebi, rom-lebic ramdenime dRis Semdeg daibeWda Jurnal-gazeTebSi~.1

radiom masStaburad aRniSna akaki wereTlis dabadebis 95 da gardacvalebis 20 wlisTavi. gadaica moxsenebebi akakis cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebaze, misi saukeTeso leqsebi da nawy-vetebi moTxrobebidan, literaturuli montaJi `naTela~. 15 Tebervals ki pirvelad gaisma eTerSi akakis xma — Cawerili 1914 wels gramofonis firfitaze — ramdenime leqsi da `sity-va axalgazrdobas~.

`es firfita did iSviaTobas warmoadgens da misi gadacema didad saintereso iqneba Cveni msmenelebisaTvis, romlebic gaecnobian akakis xmas da mis maneras leqsis deklamaciisas~,2 — aRiniSneboda presaSi. akakis xmis es Canaweri dRes saqarTve-los radios `oqros fondis~ kuTvnilebaa.

didi samzadisi gaaCaRa radiom ilia WavWavaZis 100 wlis iubilis dReebSi da mTeli saiubileo kviris ganmavlobaSi ar Sewyvetila eTerSi ilias nawarmoebebis kiTxva. gadaica lite-raturul-musikaluri montaJi `gandegili~, disputi `Catexi-li xidis Sesaxeb~ da sxv.

1 vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebiTi saRamo radioSi, `radiofronti~,

1935 w. 21 noemberi. 2 akaki wereTlis iubile, `radiogazeTi~, 1935 w. 15 Tebervali.

53

radio xSirad uTmobda eTers v. barnovis, n. lorTqifani-Zis, e. ninoSvilisa da sxva klasikosTa nawarmoebebs. msmenele-bis didi mowonebiT sargeblobda literaturuli ciklebi: `saubari Zvel qarTul mwerlobaze~, `qarTuli poeziis saRa-mo~, `qarTuli prozis saRamo~, `literaturuli kritikis sa-Ramo~, aseve calkeuli mwerlebisadmi miZRvnili gadacemebi. informaciuli xasiaTisa iyo xuTwuTiani `RirsSesaniSnavi Ta-riRebis kalendari~, romelic mokled asaxavda sabWoTa mwer-lebis biografiebis mniSvnelovan momentebs.

mxatvrul mauwyeblobaSi radiogenurobiT gamoirCeoda gadacemaTa cikli `mwerali mikrofonTan~, romelmac xeli Se-uwyo qarTveli mwerlebis popularizacias farTo masebSi. 1933-1937 wlebSi saqarTveloSi ar darCenila TiTqmis arc er-Ti proletari Tu araproletari Semoqmedi, mikrofonTan rom ar gamosuliyo. am droisaTvis ukve bevrs moeswro axal cxovrebasTan Seguebac da sabWoTa saqarTvelos industria-lizaciasa da sakolmeurneo gardaqmnebze nawarmoebebis Seq-mnac. msmenelebi amjerad eTeriTac ecnobodnen maT Semoqme-debas. magaliTad, rogorc radiogadacemebis anonsebi iuwye-ba: `1938 wlis 26 oqtombers sak. alkk 20 wlisTavTan dakavSi-rebiT moewyoba poetebis gamosvla mikrofonTan. komkavSiri-sadmi miZRvnil leqsebs waikiTxaven g. tabiZe, i. mosaSvili, ir. aba-SiZe, a. maSaSvili, k. boboxiZe, s. TavaZe~. aseve winaswar ityobi-nebodnen, rom `lit-dram seqtorma daamuSava sadResaswaulo winadReebis radiogadacemis programa erTi dekadisTvis. mik-rofonTan gamovlen mwerlebi m. javaxiSvili, p. iaSvili, t. ta-biZe, g. tabiZe, k. gamsaxurdia~; `ordenosani poeti p. iaSvili waikiTxavs axal leqsebs~, `g. tabiZe mikrofonTan~ da a.S. ra Tqma unda, mikrofonTan wasakiTxi masala winaswar iyo SerCe-uli da maTSi Warbobda axali cxovrebis amsaxveli Temebi, sa-moqalaqo lirika da socializmis idealizacia. amitom yovel-gvar gadaxras `socialisturi realizmisagan~ radio kriti-kuli gadacemebiT xvdeboda. eTeri xSirad eTmoboda litera-turul disputebs. magaliTad, gadaica disputebi k. lorTqi-faniZis, d. Sengelaias, al. quTaTelisa da s. Ciqovanis Semoq-medebis irgvliv. aseve radios mxedvelobidan ar gamorCenia im periodSi organizebuli polemika `formalizmis~ Sesaxeb.

54

radioSi pirvelad gaisma kritikuli sityvebi k. gamsaxurdias misamarTiT gadacemaSi `mTvaris motacebis Sesaxeb~, romelic mimarTuli iyo e.w. `literaturSCinis~ winaaRmdeg. gadaica `n. miwiSvilis Semoqmedebis saRamo. kritikuli ganxilva da mwerlis Semoqmedebis nimuSebi~.

1937 wels rusTavelis 750 wlisTavis iubilesTan dakavSi-rebiT radios literaturul-dramatulma seqtorma udidesi saqme gaakeTa `vefxistyaosnis~ popularizaciisaTvis da saTa-ve daudo eTerSi poemis mxatvrul kiTxvas. `marTalia, saqar-TveloSi ar moipoveba adamiani, romlisTvisac ucxo iyos So-Ta rusTavelis saxeli, magram unda iTqvas, rom mravladaa iseTebic, visac wakiTxuli ara aqvs `vefxistyaosani~... teq-stis Seswavla Cvengan moiTxovs swor Sesatyviss, intonacias, melodikas, ritmis povnas. mxatvrulma metyvelebam sicocxle unda SesZinos SoTas striqonebs. unda iTqvas, rom poemas jer kidev ar hyavs namdvili saestrado wamkiTxveli~,1 — aRiniSne-boda presaSi. male gamoCndnen `vefxistyaosnis~ saukeTeso wamkiTxvelebi: v. anjafariZe, a. vasaZe, a. xorava, u. CxeiZe, T. wulukiZe, a. imedaSvili da sxvebi. 30-ian wlebSi swrafad gan-viTarda mxatvruli kiTxvis xelovneba. bevri kargi sityvis ostati warmoaCina radiom, damkvidrda rubrika `msaxiobi mik-rofonTan~, romelmac msaxiobTa metyvelebis kulturis amaRlebasac mniSvnelovnad Seuwyo xeli.

radio did adgils uTmobda rusul klasikur mwerlobasa da dasavleT evropis revoluciur literaturas. gansakuT-rebuli yuradReba ki mimarTuli iyo ssrk-Si Semavali respub-likebis literaturuli cxovrebis popularizaciaze. maTi propaganda, socialisturi amocanebidan gamomdinare, masebis esTetikur, kulturul da internacionalur aRzrdas emsaxu-reboda. swored am motiviT radiom farTomasStabiani gadace-ma miuZRvna mweral nikoloz ostrovskis. es iyo erTgvari po-litikuri dakveTac. 1935 wlis Semodgomaze saq. radiokomite-tis komkavSiruli organizacia farTod gamoexmaura sak. alkk cekas dadgenilebas n. ostrovskis nawarmoebis `rogor iw-rToboda foladis~ Seswavlis Sesaxeb da moawyo nawarmoebis

1 vefxistyaosani radioTi, `radiogazeTi~, 1935 w. 15 Tebervali.

55

mxatvruli kiTxva. mogvianebiT ki, roca mwerali leninis or-deniT daajildoes, saqarTvelos radiom mas specialuri ga-dacema miuZRvna da amis Sesaxeb Tavad mweralsac depeSiT ac-noba soWSi, sadac igi isvenebda. sainteresoa n. ostrovskis me-uRlis, raia ostrovskaias mogonebac am ambavTan dakavSire-biT: `roca Cveni qveynis gazeTebma gamoaqveynes cnoba n. os-trovskis leninis ordeniT dajildoebis Sesaxeb, erT dRes werili miviReT saqarTvelodan, gvwerdnen amxanagebi saq. ra-diokomitetidan. isini nikolozs sTxovdnen daesaxelebina sayvareli musikaluri nawarmoebi. am gamoxmaurebam Zalian aa-Relva ostrovski. man Seasrula Txovna da gavgzavneT werili TbilisSi. 1 Tvis Semdeg mas gadasces leninis ordeni. esec soWSi moxda da swored am dReebSi saq. radiom gadasca radio-koncerti n. ostrovskis TxovniT, yvelani koleqtiurad vis-mendiT mas nikolozis oTaxSi~.1

radiosaRamo Semdegnairad gaJRerda eTerSi: `dasawyisSi radiokomitetis da komkavSirel SemoqmedebiT muSakTa saxe-liT mwerals miesalma amx. vano javaxiSvili. radiokomitetis reJisorma pier kobaxiZem qarTulad waikiTxa nawyveti roma-nidan `rogor iwrToboda foladi~, xolo axalgazrda komkav-Sirelma poetma konstantine WanturiSvilma waikiTxa sakuTari leqsi. dombistTa ansamblma daukra mwerlis sayvareli `budi-onelTa marSi~, aseve gadaica sxva musikaluri nawarmoebebi~.2

1964 wels es gadacema radioJurnalistebma aRadgines pirvandeli saxiT da gadasces mwerlis iubilesTan dakavSire-biT. amJamad igi radios audiofondSi inaxeba.

mxatvruli mauwyeblobis struqturaSi mniSvnelovani ad-gili ekava Teatralur gadacemebs. amas imanac Seuwyo xeli, rom jer kidev 1926 wels konservatoria, operisa da dramis Teatrebi, sakoncerto darbazebi satranslacio xazebiT ra-diostudiasTan SeaerTes, ramac SesaZlebeli gaxada pirdapi-ri translaciebis organizeba. 30-ian wlebSi TiTqmis yvela Teatraluri Tu saopero speqtaklis translacia gadaica ra-

1 p. SamaTava, radio, mwerali, musika, gaz. `Tbilisi~, 1977, 6.05. 2 ordenosani mwerlis saRamo radioTi, `radiofronti~, 1935 w. 31

dekemberi.

56

dioTi. TandaTanobiT Teatralurma speqtaklebma radios studiebSic gadainacvla da ase warmoiSva rubrika `Teatri mikrofonTan~. amgvari speqtaklebi garkveul adaptacias ga-nicdida — emyareboda radios gamosaxviTi SesaZleblobebis gamoyenebas. magaliTad, speqtakls uZRveboda wamyvani, rom-lis funqciasac diqtori asrulebda. igi msmenels acnobda moqmedebis garemos, gmirebis Cacmulobas da a.S. rac wminda sanaxaobiTi xasiaTisa iyo da Teatraluri dialogebiT ver gadmoicemoda. rogorc Rvawlmosili diqtori q. landia mo-gonebebSi werda: `speqtaklebis nawyvetebisa da zogjer mTe-li warmodgenis gaTamaSeba studiaSive xdeboda. maxsovs, k. marjaniSvilisadmi miZRvnili gadacemis Semdeg msaxiobebma warmoadgines ùriel akosta~ da miuxedavad imisa, rom radi-ospeqtakli ugrimod da ukostiumebod midioda, dekoracie-bis gareSe, vfiqrob, rom aseTi mSvenieri, amaRlebuli da STa-gonebuli speqtakli bevri ar yofila arc manamde da arc mas Semdeg~.1

daiwyo radioTeatris pirveli formebis Camoyalibeba — cnobil mxatvrul nawarmoebTa radiodadgmebi, romlebsac `montaJs~ anda `radiopiesas~ uwodebdnen da Teatraluri da, saopero speqtaklebis msgavsad, radiostudiidan pirdapir gadaicemoda eTerSi. didi rezonansi gamoiwvia ukraineli mwerlis a. korneiCukis piesis èskadris daRupvis~ radiodad-gmam, romelic revoluciur Tematikas asaxavda da ufro ide-ologiuri datvirTva hqonda, vidre esTetikuri. piesa sakav-Siro jildoTi aRiniSna da ssrk-is did qalaqebSi warmatebiT idgmeboda. 1935 wels amis gamoc Seitana saqarTvelos radiom igi Tavis repertuarSi. masze muSaobis procesze Tavad redaq-ciis TanamSromlebi ase gviamboben: `piesa ise SevamokleT, rom 50-55 wuTSi Cateuliyo, ise damRleli iqneboda. didi mniSvneloba mivaniWeT musikalur gaformebas. kargi iqneboda specialuri musikis SekveTa, magram amisaTvis saxsrebi ar gag-vaCnda. miuxedavad amisa, kompozitorma Salva TaqTaqiSvilma SesaniSnavad gadawyvita musikaluri gaformebis amocana Ta-namedrove sabWoTa musikisa da klasikuri musikis nimuSebis

1 q. landia, marTali sityva, gaz. àxalgazrda komunisti~, 1977, 12.02.

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gamoyenebiT, aseve mezRvaurTa simReriT. mowveulebi iyvnen griboedovis Teatris msaxiobebi~.1

radiodadgma èskadris daRupva~ gadaicemoda qarTul da rusul enebze. mas kvaldakval mohyva sxva radiodadgmebic — Seqspiris òtelo~, `makbeti~, `Wirveulis morjuleba~, so-fokles òidipos mefe~ da sxvebi. literaturul-dramatuli redaqcia xSirad Tavad msaxiobebsac ki ukveTavda piesebis montaJebis momzadebas da isini avtorebic iyvnen da monawi-leebic. mag., saq. radiokomitetis dakveTiT respublikis sa-xalxo artistma al. imedaSvilma moamzada Seqspiris `hamletis~ montaJi radiosTvis. `hamleti~ Seasrula uSangi CxeiZem. aseve monawileobdnen al. imedaSvili, v. anjafariZe, p. kobaxiZe.

1936 wlis 17 marts gazeTi `komunisti~ ityobineboda, rom mimdinareobs monumenturi dadgmis `stalinisa da xaSimis~ samzadisi, `sadac gadmocemuli iqneba afxazi glexis xaSimi smirbasa da stalinis Sexvedris ambavi. teqstis dawera daeva-la paolo iaSvilsa da konstantine lorTqifaniZes. daarsebu-lia `stalinisa da xaSimis~ specialuri redaqcia da igi gadai-cema TbilisSi da moskovSic~. xolo `radiofrontis~ 1935 wlis 7 noembris nomerSi dabeWdilia Tavad p. iaSvilisa da k. lorTqifaniZis erTgvari `literaturuli angariSi~, sadac isini aRniSnaven: `saqarTvelos radiokomitetis davalebiT Cven SevudeqiT radiopoemis weras, sadac asaxuli iqneba epi-zodebi amxanag stalinis cxovrebidan, umTavresad 1901-1903 wlamde. poemis masalad aviReT amxanag lavrenti berias cno-bili moxseneba àmierkavkasiis bolSevikuri organizaciebis istoriis sakiTxisaTvis~ da amx. n. lakobas redaqciiT gamosu-li wigni `stalini da xaSimi~, sadac SesaniSnavad aris mocemu-li im xanebSi amxanag stalinis muSaoba amierkavkasiaSi, ker-Zod, baTumSi. am wignSi mocemulia stalinisa da xaSimis urTi-erTobis ambavi da Zveli bolSevikebisa da muSebis mogonebani~. magram, rogorc irkveva, es gadacema aRar ganxorcielebula, xo-lo erTi wlis Semdeg misma erT-erTma avtorma Tavi moikla.

mxatvruli da, saerTod, mTeli radiomauwyeblobis um-

1 n. Sestovi, èskadris daRupva~ mikrofonTan, `radiogazeTi~, 1935 w.

15 Tebervali.

58

niSvnelovanes nawils Seadgenda musikaluri gadacemebi, rom-lis mTavari daniSnuleba radios daarsebis dRidanve msmene-lis esTetikuri aRzrda da kulturuli dasvenebisTvis xelis Sewyoba iyo. `TiToeuli radiomuSakis sadReiso amocanaa: staxanovuri mondomebiT ibrZolos imisTvis, rom ordenosan saqarTveloSi yvela mSromelis ojaxSi radio laparakobdes da mRerodes adamianis gasagebi xmiT~.1 am mizniT radiokomi-tetis xelmZRvaneloba cdilobda TanamSromlebad cnobili musikos-Semsruleblebis, diriJorebisa da kompozitorebis mozidvas.

am droisaTvis radiokomitets hyavda sakuTari musikalu-ri koleqtivebi. rogorc 1935 wlis 31 oqtombris `radiop-rogramebi~ (radiomsmenelTa damxmare) ityobineboda: `saqar-Tvelos radiokomitetma Camoayaliba didi simfoniuri or-kestri, romelic imuSavebs Semodgoma-zamTris sezonSi. or-kestri Sedgeba 45 kacisgan. diriJorad mowveulni arian evge-ni miqelaZe da Salva TaqTaqiSvili~. evgeni miqelaZe ramdenime TveSi samsaxuridan gaaTavisufles. 1936 wlidan mxatvruli ganyofilebisa da simfoniuri orkestris xelmZRvaneloba da-ekisra a. gvelesians. xolo meore diriJorad mowveul iqna Salva azmaifaraSvili.

1935 wlis 1 ivnisidan `sakolmeurneo, wiTelarmielTa da axalgazrdobis musikalur gadacemaTa redaqciis~ redaqto-rad muSaobda andria balanCivaZe, romelmac male datova sam-saxuri da misi adgili daikava revaz gabiCvaZem. 1936 wels Zi-reuli seqtoris musikaluri gadacemebis ufrosi konsultant-instruqtori iyo kote focxveraSvili.

1935 wlidan radiokomitetSi muSaobda momReralTa gun-di, romelic `Sedgeboda 23 saukeTeso tfiliseli momRerli-sagan. maT umravlesobas damTavrebuli aqvs tfilisis konser-vatoria. lotbarad mowveulia kompozitori Salva TaqTaqiS-vili~.2 aseve radiokomitetSi arsebobda aRmosavluri trio (xelmZR. karapetiani), vokaluri kvarteti (xelmZR. m. kokeli-Ze), meCongure qalTa ansambli (xelmZR. a. megreliZe), romle-

1 samusiko kultura radioTi, `radiofronti~, 1936, # 1. 2 am/kavkasiis radiokomiteti, f. 1978, aR. 2, saq. 4, gv. 95.

59

bic gasvliT koncertebs marTavdnen saqarTvelos raionebSi, kolmeurneobebsa da sawarmo-dawesebulebebSi.

musikaluri redaqciis saqmianoba imTaviTve mWidrod da-ukavSirda radiokomitetis TiTqmis yvela redaqciis muSao-bas. literaturuli radiokompoziciebis, radiodadgmebis, sabavSvo gadacemebis momzadebis dros musikalur gaformebas pirvelxarisxovani roli eniWeboda. redaqciebs sakuTari `muzredaqtorebi~ hyavdaT. magaliTad, 1934 wels sabavSvo da axalgazrduli gadacemebis musikalur redaqtorad muSaobda aleqsandre bukia, lit-dramatul redaqciaSi ki SeTavsebiT — Salva TaqTaqiSvili.

musikalur gadacemebs diferencirebuli xasiaTi hqonda, eTerSi sistematurad gadaicemoda operisa da simfoniuri mu-sikis translaciebi, sabWoTa kompozitorebis nawarmoebebi. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceoda xalxuri musikis propa-gandas. 1935 wlis 29 seqtembris saq. saxkomsabWosTan arsebu-li radiofikaciisa da radiogadacemis komitetis Tavmjdoma-ris brZanebiT, radios saSualebiT xalxuri musikis Rrma Ses-wavlisa da msmenelTa masaSi misi farTo popularizaciis miz-niT, musikalur redaqciasTan Seiqmna folkloris seqcia, romlis xelmZRvanelobac daevala g. CxikvaZes.

amierkavkasiis xalxTa olimpiadis dReebSi radiom didi muSaoba gaswia xalxuri musikis popularizaciisaTvis. gadai-ca saubrebi qarTuli musikaluri Tu literaturuli fol-kloris Sesaxeb: `lenini da oqtomberi qarTul xalxur Semoq-medebaSi~, `sabavSvo folklori~, `sakolmeurneo simRerebi~, `fabrikebisa da qarxnebis simRerebi~, `socialuri protestis simRerebi da zRaprebi~, `dedakacis xvedri sabWoTa fol-klorSi~, `Sroma xalxur SemoqmedebaSi~ da sxv. farTod ga-Suqda 1936 wlis 22 marts TbilisSi gamarTuli pirveli radi-ofestivali `saqarTvelos yvela kuTxidan SerCeuli saukeTe-so SemsruleblebiT, simRerebiTa da xalxuri Semoqmedebis nimuSebiT~.

30-iani wlebis Suaxanebidan gaumjobesda mauwyebloba bavSvebisaTvis, dasrulda sabavSvo gadacemaTa programebis diferenciaciis procesi Tematikisa da asakis mixedviT, gamo-ikveTa gadacemebis didaqtikuri xasiaTi, SemuSavda rubrika-

60

ciis sistema da a.S. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 30-ian wlebSi saqar-TveloSi sabolood Camoyalibda sabavSvo mauwyebloba da Ta-visi miznobrivi stabiluri auditoriac SeiZina. 1932-1933 wlebSi sabavSvo mauwyeblobas xelmZRvanelobda a. gvelesia-ni, 1934 wlidan — vaxtang ZamaSvili, 1937 wlidan sabavSvo seq-toris gamge iyo alio adamia, litredaqtori — elizbar po-lumordvinovi. sainteresoa amonaweri erTi brZanebidan, ro-melic 1934 wliT TariRdeba: `sabavSvo gadacemaTa seqtorTan arsebuli literaturuli wris xelmZRvanelad da bavSvTaT-vis Semoqmedebis konsultantad dainiSnos amx. leo qiaCeli ori kviris sagamocdo vadiT~.1 Tumca mas Semdeg leo qiaCeli radios TanamSromlad aRar Cans, mxolod mwerlis statusiT stumrobs mas.

1935 wlidan gadacemebi gaTvaliswinebuli iyo ZiriTadad oTxi asakis bavSvebisaTvis: skolamdeli (6-7 wlis), oqtom-brelTaTvis (1-3 klasi), saSualo asakisaTvis (4-6 klasi), uf-rosi asakisaTvis (8-10 klasi).

rusul enaze gadacemebi mzaddeboda oqtombrelTaTvis, saSualo da ufrosi asakis bavSvebisaTvis. azerbaijanul da somxur enebze TveSi samjer radio saSualo asakis bavSvebis-Tvis iuwyeboda.

sabavSvo Tematika sami ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT xorciel-deboda: mxatvrul-literaturuli, romelsac gadacemebis 50% ekava, saswavlo — 25% da sazogadoebriv-politikuri — aseve 25%. 1934 wlis aprilis dadgenilebam radios mxatvruli formebis ganviTarebaze sabavSvo mxatvrul gadacemebzec iqonia gavlena. gaumjobesda maTi xarisxi, mravalferovani gaxda mxatvruli formebi. literaturul gadacemebSi gaTva-liswinebuli iyo qarTveli, sabWoTa da dasavleT evropis mwerlebis sabavSvo nawarmoebTa garCeva-gacnoba. SemoiRes gadacemaTa cikli `wignis Taro~, sadac gaerTianebuli iyo klasikuri literaturis nimuSebi, magaliTad, servantesis `don-kixoti~, viqtor hiugos `sabraloni~, raspes `baron mi-unhauzenis Tavgadasavali~ da sxvebi. bevri sabavSvo rusuli nawarmoebi komitetis sabavSvo seqtoris TanamSromlebis mi-


61

er iTargmneboda qarTul enaze. magaliTad, s. marSakis `xanZa-ri~, `suleli wruwuna~, `patara budionelebi~, a. Cukovskis àrev-dareva~ da gadaicemoda eTerSi. SemecnebiTi daniSnu-leba hqonda ciklebs: `gamoCenili adamianebis cxovreba~, `ga-moCenili mwerlebis cxovreba da Semoqmedeba~, `kompozitoris portreti~ (mag., `mocartis portreti~, `d. arayiSvilis por-treti~ da a.S.). aseve, mozardebis Tvalsawieris gafarToebas xels uwyobda radiokompoziciebi SemecnebiT Temebze: `jor-dano bruno~, `gaseirneba piramidebisken~, `26 komisari~ da sxva.

am periodSi sakavSiro radios sabavSvo redaqcias oTxi radioJurnali gaaCnda, saqarTvelos radios ki sami — `norCi naturalisti~ da òqtombrelTaTvis~ qarTulad da `norCi snaiperi~ somxur enaze. yovel meore dRes gadaicemoda pione-ruli informaciebi, rac safuZvlad daedo SemdgomSi `pio-nerTa dafions~ da moswavleebs acnobda respublikis pione-ruli organizaciebis saqmianobas (TviTon `pionerTa dafio-ni~ rusuli `pionerskaia zorkas~ analogiiT Seiqmna).

saswavlo gadacemebi pirvel rigSi aerTianebda istoriis, geografiisa da sxva specialur mecnierebaTa Tematikas, ase-ve, didi adgili eTmoboda sabWoTa mecnierebisa da teqnikis miRwevebs.

bavSvebisaTvis gadaicemoda sazogadoebriv-politikuri xasiaTis gadacemebic, umetesad msaxiobTa kiTxviT da musikis TanxlebiT, rom mosasmenad ufro saintereso da radiogenuri yofiliyo. gadaicemoda xuTwuTiani politinformaciebi, translaciebi `damkvreli~ pionerebis binebidan, Zveli bol-Sevikebis mogonebebi, saubrebi socializmis mSeneblobebze, aseve leqciebi ikiTxeboda iseT Temebze, rogoricaa: `bavSvTa mdgomareoba carizmis dros~, `komkavSiris zrunva sabWoTa bavSvebze~, `sabWouri skolis cxovreba~, `mozardTa mdgoma-reoba kapitalistur qveynebSi~ da a.S. sabavSvo mauwyebloba xSirad iyenebda àqtualuri gadacemebis~ ciklsac. aseTi ga-dacemebi moewyo Tbilisis bavSvTa kulturisa da dasvenebis parkidan, qviSxeTis banakidan da sxv.

TvalsaCinoebisaTvis Tvali gadavavloT 1935 wlis maisis pirveli kviris programas, romelic nawilobriv mainc gvac-nobs sabavSvo redaqciis muSaobis specifikas da mis Janrob-

62

riv mravalferovnebazec miuTiTebs: òqtombrelTaTvis — `sapirvelmaiso zRaprebi~, àraC-

veulebrivi orkestri~ — radiopiesa germaneli pionerebis aralegaluri muSaobidan, `damkvreli pionerebi mikro-fonTan~, `pionerebisa da moswavleebis TviTmoqmedeba~, `norCi musikosebi da poetebi mikrofonTan~. skolis asa-kamde bavSvebisaTvis `rogor TamaSoben cxovelebi~. `qar-Tuli xalxuri simRerebi~, S. TaqTaqiSvilis sabavSvo ope-ris `ganTiadis~ montaJi da sxv.

rogorc sabavSvo `radioprogramebSi~ moTavsebuli norC mkiTxvelTa baraTebidan Cans, patara msmenelebi siamovnebiT usxdnen radioreproduqtorebs da mouTmenlad elodnen ga-dacemebis dawyebas.

30-iani wlebis meore naxevari saqarTveloSi da, saerTod, mTel sabWoTa kavSirSi, gamoirCeoda didi politikuri mov-lenebiTa da mwvave, daZabuli situaciebiT. sakmarisia gavix-senoT 1937 wlis masobrivi represiebi, `xalxis mtrebis~ to-taluri `gamoaSkaraveba~ da devna. miuxedavad imisa, rom sab-WoTa radios ZiriTad funqcias `miRwevaTa~ propaganda war-moadgenda, aman, cxadia, mainc imoqmeda mis saqmianobaze. es gansakuTrebiT mxatvrul mauwyeblobas daetyo. rogorc cxad-deboda, `brZola maRali xarisxisaTvis niSnavs brZolas poli-tikuri xarisxis amaRlebisaTvis, gadacemaTa gegmianobisaTvis. yvelaze mTavari yuradReba unda mivaqcioT ideologias~.1

1935 wlis 19 dekembers sakavSiro radioTi gadaica mweral k. mixailovis, `pirwavardnili kontrevolucioneris~ gamos-vla, romelic amxila sak. kp(b) ck organom `pravdam~ sarecen-zio werilSi `mteri mikrofonTan~. ès signali saxelmZRvane-lo unda gaxdes CvenTvis. am saqmeSi unda CavabaT yoveli radi-omuSaki. gadacemis politikuri siwminde, bolSevikuri sif-xizle unda davicvaT. saWiroa yoveli sityvis jerovnad Se-mowmeba da awon-dawonva. ai, ras moviTxovT radiomuSakebisa-gan~,2 — mkacrad iyo miTiTebuli presaSi. aqedan gamomdinare,

1 bolSevikuri sifxizle mikrofonTan, `radiogazeTi~, 1935 w. 15 Te-

bervali. 2 iqve.

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radiokomitetis xelmZRvanelobam saswrafod gaatara ramde-nime RonisZieba. saqarTvelos saxkomsabWosTan arsebuli ra-diofikaciisa da radiogadacemis komitetis Tavmjdomaris 1935 wlis 3 martis brZanebiT Seiqmna komisia `komitetis bib-lioTekaSi arsebuli wignebis ideologiurad gasasinjad da Sesamowmeblad~, xolo 1937 wlis 22 oqtombris brZanebaSi aR-niSnuli iyo, rom `literaturuli gadacemebisaTvis gamoye-nebuli unda iyos mxolod dabeWdili leqsebi, saWiro Sem-TxvevaSi, rogorc gamonaklisi, dasaSvebia literaturul-dramatuli da sabavSvo gadacemebis seqtorebma specialurad daukveTon avtorebs aqtualur politikur Temebze origina-luri leqsebi~. gatarda sxva msgavsi RonisZiebebic.

1937 wlis gazafxulidan radioSi aRar ismoda t. tabiZis, p. iaSvilis, m. javaxiSvilis da sxvaTa xmebi. mravali wlis man-Zilze maTi nawarmoebebi gaqra eTeridan, ramac Tavisi daRi daasva omisSemdgom mxatvrul radiomauwyeblobas. represi-ebs Seewira radios bevri TanamSromeli, maT Soris kale (ka-listrate) feodosiSvilic, romelic 1932 wlidan muSaobda radiokomitetSi da cnobili iyo, rogorc proletari mwera-li. mas ekuTvnis uzneobiT saxelganTqmuli striqonebi `me ma-mas movklav, davaxrCob dedas, revoluciam Tu ki mibrZana!~. paradoqsia magram `kale feodosiSvili, rogorc xalxis mte-ri, gaanadgura im revoluciam da partiam, romlisTvisac de-das axrCobda da mamas klavda~.1

meore msoflio omis mijnaze kidev ufro gaZlierda kon-troli masobrivi informaciis saSualebebze da gansakuTre-biT radiomauwyeblobaze. mas zedamxedvelobda saqarTvelos kp(b) centraluri komitetis agitacia-propagandis ganyofi-leba, romlis nebarTvis gareSe arc erTi radiomasala ar ga-daicemoda eTerSi. radio gadaiqca sabWouri cxovrebis diTi-rambebisa da xotba-didebis organod, romelic gulmodgined Cqmalavda arsebul tragikul sinamdviles da cdilobda ada-mianTa cnobiereba gaejerebina `idealuri~ socialisturi samSoblosadmi erTgulebis iluziebiT.

`saucxoo mxiarul qveyanas warmoadgens Cvens qveyanaSi

1 a. baqraZe, mwerlobis moTviniereba, Tb., 1990, gv. 56.

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Seqmnili axali sazogadoeba, sadac ar aris eqspluatacia, ar aris eqspluatirebuli klasebi da sadac qreba klasTa Soris gansxvaveba. yovelive amas aRtacebaSi mohyavs mTeli qveynis patiosani adamianebi. ssrk-Si mSromelebisTvis namdvili bed-niereba da mxiaruli cxovrebaa; xolo saxelmwifos, sadac Cven vcxovrobT, SeiZleba sruli uflebiT vuwodoT mzis sa-xelmwifo~.1 aseTi suliskveTebiT iyo gamsWvaluli yvela is masala, romelic represiebis dros gadaicemoda eTerSi da samwuxarod, aseTi propaganda xSirad mizansac aRwevda.

dasasrul, ramdenime sityva unda iTqvas omiswina period-Si saqarTvelos radios materialur-teqnikur mdgomareoba-zec. rogorc cnobilia, 1936 wlidan igi ganTavsebuli iyo rusTavelis prospeqtze, kavSirgabmulobis saxlis SenobaSi da oTx specializebul studias moicavda. pirveli studia moculobiT 690 kv. metrs Seadgenda da gankuTvnili iyo Ziri-Tadad iseTi musikaluri gadacemebisaTvis, romelSic 50-60-mde Semsrulebeli monawileobda. mas did simfoniur studia-sac uwodebdnen. me-2 studias (300 kv.m) eZaxdnen mcire simfo-niur anu vokalur studias, saidanac warmoebda umetesad xalxuri simRerebisa da mcire ansamblebis gadacemebi. me-3 studia (87 kv.m) sityvieri masalis — leqciebis, saubrebisa da `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ gadasacemad iyo gankuTvnili. me-4 studia (100 kv.m) meqanikur gadacemebs eTmoboda. garda gram-Canawerebisa, tonfilmebisa da Sorinogramebis gadacemebisa, mas iyenebdnen literaturul-musikaluri montaJebis gadasa-cemad. yvela studia aRWurvili iyo im droisTvis maRalxa-risxovani zonriani da kondesatoruli mikrofonebiT.

radioSi arsebobda tonfilmis mdidari fondi — operebis, simfoniebis da mxatvruli literaturuli Canawerebis saxiT. aseve meqanikuri gadacemebis popularuli forma iyo gramCa-nawerebi. saqarTvelos radios `gramparki~ gamoirCeoda me-tad mdidari da mravalferovani rogorc sabWoTa, ise `impor-tuli firfitebiT~. gadacemis mesame teqnikuri forma iyo So-rinograma — xmis meqanikuri Canaweri, romelic sityvieri ma-salis gadasacemad gamoiyeneboda. saqradiokomitetis gankar-

1 saq. uicsa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 16. gv. 8

65

gulebaSi iyo agreTve e.w. satranslacio punqtebi: z. faliaS-vilis saxelobis operisa da baletis Teatri, saxelmwifo kon-servatoria, Teatrebi, estrada, klubebi da a.S. aseve saWiroe-bis SemTxvevaSi mauwyeblobas SeeZlo esargebla saqalaqTaSo-riso da Tbilisis avtomaturi satelefono qseliT. zemoCa-moTvlil samauwyeblo obieqtebs aerTianebda radiosamauwy-eblo kvanZi, sadac xdeboda yvela saxis komutacia rv-7 radi-osadguris xazze.1

unda aRvniSnoT isic, rom 30-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi saqarTvelo ukve mTlianad aris radioficirebuli. mxedve-lobaSi gvaqvs sadenebiani radiomauwyebloba, romelic dacu-lia gareSe xelisSemSleli pirobebisagan da satranslacio xazebiT miewodeba masobriv auditorias. mauwyeblobis es teqnikuri forma aseTi masStabiT sabWoTa kavSiris garda ar gamoiyeneboda msoflios arc erT qveyanaSi da ganpirobebuli iyo komunisturi xelmZRvanelobis ideologiuri da politi-kuri mosazrebebiT: SeeqmnaT centralizebuli operatiuli informaciisa da propagandis saimedo saSualeba, romlis mos-mena SesaZlebeli iqneboda iafi mimRebi mowyobilobis — rep-roduqtoris meSveobiT (mosaxleobis masobrivi siRatakis gaTvaliswinebiT), ar daeSvaT alternatiuli radioinforma-ciis gavrceleba (gansakuTrebiT ucxoeTidan) da hqonodaT misi gamoyenebis saSualeba eqstremalur situaciebSi da sa-moqalaqo Tavdacvis miznebisaTvis, rac masStaburad ganxor-cielda kidec meore msoflio omis dros.

1 k. kontrikaZe, radiomauwyeblobis baza saqarTveloSi, Jurn. `teq-

nika~, 1941, # 2, gv. 35.

66

T a v i I I

saqarTvelos radio meore msoflio omisa da

omisSemdgom wlebSi (1941-1956)

meore msoflio omis mimdinareobas dawyebis dRidanve farTod aSuqebda saqarTvelos radio, magram 1941 wlis meore naxevridan man ZiriTadi adgili daikava yoveldRiur progra-maSi. 1941 wlis 22 ivniss, 12 saaTze sakavSiro radiom gadmosca sabWoTa mTavrobis gancxadeba ssrk-ze faSisturi germaniis Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb da gamoacxada sayovelTao mobilizacia. omis dawyebam nawilobriv gantvirTa qveyanaSi represiebiT gamowveuli daZabuloba da axali amocanebis winaSe daayena sa-qarTvelos radiokomiteti. moxda garkveuli sakadro cvli-lebebic — 1941 wlis ivnisidan komitetis Tavmjdomare Salva cagareiSvili Secvala ioseb ruxaZem.

1941 wlis 26 dekembris saqarTvelos kp(b) centraluri ko-mitetis biuros dadgenilebaSi `radiomauwyeblobis muSaobis Sesaxeb~ konkretuladaa miTiTebuli, rom saqarTvelos radi-okomitetma saswrafod gardaqmnas muSaoba axali pirobebis Sesabamisad da mTavari yuradReba dauTmos samxedro Temati-kas, gaafarToos gadacemebis koleqtiuri mosmenebi, `rome-lic propagandisa da radios organizaciuli muSaobis Ziri-Tadi formaa~ da izrunos respublikis rig raionebSi teqni-kuri saSualebebis gaumjobesebisa da specialistebis kvali-fikaciis amaRlebisaTvis. am miTiTebis umokles vadaSi Sesru-leba radios axal xelmZRvanelobasTan erTad daevala sabWo-Ta kavSiris kavSirgabmulobis saministros rwmunebuls sa-qarTveloSi i. moniavas da, aseve, yvela raionis, qalaqisa Tu olqis partiul organoebs, romlebic kurirebdnen adgileb-ze radios muSaobas. eTerSi naTqvami yoveli sityva kontrols eqvemdebareboda da amaze mravali samTavrobo Tu partiuli dokumentic metyvelebs. magaliTad, 1942 wlis 16 ivniss saqar-

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Tvelos kp(b) centraluri komitetis biuros dadgenilebaSi `frontisaTvis radiogadacemebis organizaciis Sesaxeb~ xaz-gasmiTaa aRniSnuli, rom `radio partiis ideologiuri brZo-lis basri iaraRia~ da iqvea miwerili frontisaTvis gankuT-vnili radiogadacemebis zusti gegma da monawileebi (saq. sax-komsabWos Tavmjdomaris v. baqraZis, akademikosebis i. beri-taSvilisa da s. janaSias, poet s. Ciqovanis, saqarTvelos sa-xalxo artistis a. xoravas, aseve muSaTa klasis, glexobisa da armiis mowinave warmomadgenlebis gamosvlebi mikrofonTan da a.S.).

upirveles yovlisa, cvlilebebi daigegma informaciul mauwyeblobaSi, romelic frontze da zurgSi mimdinare mov-lenebis operatiuli sainformacio wyaro unda gamxdariyo. Tumca, Tavdapirvelad mainc ver moxerxda saTanado muSaobis gaSla, rac gamowveuli iyo kvalificiuri SemoqmedebiTi kad-rebis naklebobiTa da originaluri masalebis simciriT. amas-Tan, oficialuri cnobebis, saerTaSoriso informaciebisa da sxva masalaTa miRebis mxriv saqarTvelos radiokomiteti mTlianad damokidebuli iyo saqdesze, romelic aRniSnul ma-salebs didi dagvianebiT iZleoda da maTi myisve gadacema ver xerxdeboda. uaryofiTi roli Seasrula agreTve radiokomi-tetis koleqtivSi Catarebulma represiebmac. rogorc im wlebis saangariSo moxsenebaSia aRniSnuli: `gardatexa radio-komitetis muSaobaSi 1942 wlis gazafxulidan daiwyo, roca centraluri aparati ganwmendil iqna mtruli elementebisa-gan da igi Seivso axali muSakebiT~.1 Seicvala axaldaniSnuli xelmZRvanelic — ioseb ruxaZe da mis nacvlad saqarTvelos radiokomitetis Tavmjdomared dainiSna cnobili kinoreJi-sori, xelovnebis damsaxurebuli moRvawe leo esakia, vis sa-xelTanacaa dakavSirebuli radiomauwyeblobaSi mniSvnelova-ni RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba: 1943 wlamde saqarTvelos radio muSaobas iwyebda dilis 7 saaTze moskovidan `ukanas-kneli cnobebis~ translaciiT, mxolod 7 saaTsa da 30 wuTze gadaicemoda `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ pirveli gamoSveba qar-Tul enaze. 1943 wlis meore naxevridan mdgomareoba Seicvala


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da yoveldRiuri mauwyebloba ukve dilis 6 saaTsa da 30 wuT-ze iwyeboda `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ qarTuli gamoSvebiT da `saqarTvelos mSromelebs, vidre isini Seudgebian muSaobas, saSualeba eZlevaT pirvelad mSobliur enaze moisminon im dRis yvelaze mniSvnelovani ambebi (sabWoTa sainformacio bi-uros cnoba, korespondenciebi samamulo omis frontidan, umaRlesi sabWoTa brZanebulebebi, ucxoeTis ambebi)~.1 am faqts erovnuli JReradobac hqonda da amave dros sagrZnob-lad gaizarda radioauditoriac, romelic rusuli enis ar-mcodne qalaqisa da soflis mosaxleobiT Seivso.

sagulisxmo iyo meore RonisZiebac: radgan saqarTvelos radiokomiteti saqdesis masalebs droulad ver iRebda, ami-tom, swored omis dros damkvidrda sakavSiro radios opera-tiuli informaciebis Cawera Sorinofonze, `rasac dauyovneb-liv Sifravs stenografisti, rusuli teqsti saswrafod iTargmneba da saTanado gasinjvis Semdeg gadaicema qarTul enaze. mTeli es procesi grZeldeba 15 wuTidan 30 wuTamde. es im dros, roca saqdesidan teqstis miRebis SemTxvevaSi unda gvecada 8-9 saaTi an kidev meti. yovelive amis Semdeg, umniS-vnelovanesi saxelmwifoebrivi cnobebi, gankargulebani da sxva masalebi uaRresad mokle droSi qarTul enaze xdeba yve-lasaTvis cnobili~.2 amave wesiT miewodeboda msmenelebs ga-zeT `pravdis~ mowinave statia da centraluri gazeTebis mi-moxilvebi. aseve, Sorinifonze iwereboda da iTargmneboda sa-kavSiro radioTi gadacemuli xelmZRvaneli partiuli da sab-WoTa muSakebis gamosvlebis teqstebic, romelTa nawili ar ibeWdeboda centralur presaSi. amiT saqarTvelos radioko-mitetma didi daxmareba gauwia respublikis Jurnal-gazeTe-bis redaqciebsa da propagandis sxva organoebsac. moskovidan miRebuli masalebis nawils, romelsac igi ar iyenebda, res-publikur presas awvdida, sadac qveyndeboda rubrikiT: `mi-Rebulia saqarTvelos radiokomitetis saSualebiT~.

omis dawyebis win radios materialur-teqnikur bazasac mieqca yuradReba da, 1940 wlis monacemebiT, igi moicavda: ga-

1 saq. uicsa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 59, gv. 35. 2 iqve.

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damcem radiosadgurs rv-7-s, oTx studias, saaparatos (gamaZ-lierebeli, Camweri, gamSvebi), mimReb punqtsa da teqnikuri kontrolis punqts. wina wlebTan SedarebiT mimRebi centri bev-rad ukeTesad uzrunvelyofda translaciebs moskovidan. ga-farTovda radiosatranslacio qselebi da aigo axali radiok-vanZebi. respublikis masStabiT sul muSaobda 34 radiokvanZi.

1941 wlis 21 ianvars saqarTvelos radiokomitetis xel-mZRvanelobis gadawyvetilebiT aikrZala adgilebze radioTi saerTaSoriso da samxedro mimoxilvebis, agreTve Teoriuli saubrebis gadacema, garda saqradiokomitetis mier gagzavni-li masalebisa. adgilobrivi radiogadacemebis rwmunebulebs ki daevalaT àdgilobrivi gadacemebi aagon mxolod adgi-lobriv masalaze da moawyon im leqciebisa da moxsenebebis koleqtiuri mosmena, romelsac gadmoscems stalinis saxelo-bis radiosadguri rv-7~.1

amave wels sakavSiro radiokomitetis miTiTebiT gaerTi-anda propaganda-agitaciisa da ùkanaskneli cnobebis~ redaq-ciebi da mas politikuri mauwyeblobis redaqcia ewoda. aq Tavs iyrida yvela politikuri masala da mauwyeblobis saer-To xangrZlivoba Seadgenda dReSi 3 saaTsa da 45 wuTs. polit-mauwyeblobis redaqcia, garda ukanaskneli cnobebisa, moicav-da: politsaubars (kviraSi orjer), soflis meurneobis gada-cemebs (kviraSi xuTjer), `pravdis~ mowinave statiis Targmans, gadacemebs axalgazrdobisaTvis (kviraSi 4-jer). mauwyebloba mimdinareobda oTx — qarTul, rusul, somxur da azerbaija-nul enebze.2

politmauwyeblobis gaerTianebuli redaqciis ganyofi-lebis gamgis movaleobis droebiT Semsruleblad dainiSna s. naTelaSvili, partistoriisa da ssrk xalxTa istoriis sa-kiTxebSi pasuxismgebel redaqtorad — k. mavzaraSvili, sof-lis meurneobis sakiTxebis redaqtorad — a. kekelia, ekonomi-kis — i. natroSvili, moxsenebebisa da gamosvlebis organiza-torad ki — e. mebuke.

ùkanaskneli cnobebi~ iyo saqarTvelos mosaxleobisaT-

1 saq. uicsa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 59, gv. 35. 2 iqve, saq. 42, gv. 72.

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vis yvelaze operatiuli informaciis wyaro da gadaicemoda qarTul da rusul enebze dReSi 6-jer, xolo 1944 wlidan — 7-jer. garda informaciebisa omis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb, ga-daicemoda angariSebi da reportaJebi sxvadasxva sawarmoo-da-wesebulebebsa da kolmeurneobebSi Catarebuli Sekrebebidan Tu mitingebidan, mSromelebis gamosvlebi mikrofonTan sab-WoTa monapovaris dacvis mowodebebiT, aseve masalebi saxal-xo meurneobis mdgomareobaze, wiTelarmielTa ojaxebis dax-marebaze da a.S. aRsaniSnavia, rom omis periodSi radio uamrav werils iRebda msmenelebisagan. maT Soris SekiTxvebs, gamox-maurebebsa da madlobis baraTebs.

1943 wlis gazafxulze gadaica gazeT `pravdis~ mowinave statia fedukinskis skolis patriotul iniciativaze, rome-lic frontze wasulTa Svilebze zrunvaSi gamoixateboda. `uka-naskneli cnobebis~ redaqciaSi meore dResve movida ramdeni-me baraTi da SekiTxva. maTze sapasuxod radiom mikrofonTan miiwvia saqarTvelos ganaTlebis saxalxo komisris moadgile m. burWulaZe, romelmac mouwoda respublikis mSromelebs gamoxmaurebodnen am iniciativas da darazmuliyvnen wiTe-larmielTa ojaxebis dasaxmareblad. unda iTqvas, rom aseTi baraTebi xSirad Tavad redaqciis organizebuli iyo da qmnida iluzias, rom mSromelebi enTuziazmiT exmianebian `saerTo-sa-xalxo~ iniciativebs, Tumca, realuradac muSur-glexuri ma-sa, am mxriv, marTlac, aqtiurobiT gamoirCeoda.

omis pirveli dReebidanve ssrk-is yvela moqalaqes (im pirTa gamoklebiT, visac amis specialuri nebarTva hqonda) aekrZala saxlSi nebismieri radiomimRebis gamoyeneba, garda sadenebiani mauwyeblobis reproduqtorisa. yvelas Tavisi ra-diomimRebi saxelmwifosTvis unda Caebarebina Sesanaxad da am mizniT mTeli sabWoTa kavSiris teritoriaze organizebul iqna radioaparatebis giganturi sawyobebi (amoRebul iqna da-axloebiT 1,3 milioni radiomimRebi, romlebic patronebs mxolos 1945-1946 wlebSi daubrunes). vinc Tavis saSinao radi-oteqnikas ar Caabarebda, dauyovnebliv dapatimreba emuqrebo-da. mTeli am aqciis mizani iyo moespoT rigiTi moqalaqisaTvis sabWoTa radiosagan gansxvavebuli informaciis miRebis Se-saZlebloba (sxvaTa Soris, aseTive wesi moqmedebda omis dros

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faSistur germaniaSic). cxadia, rom informaciis gavrcelebis aseT pirobebSi sruli monopolia eZleoda sabWoTa radioma-uwyeblobas, romelic Tavad cenzurasa da damsjeli organoe-bis kontrols eqvemdebareboda da SeeZlo faqtebis Tavis Se-xedulebisamebr SerCeva da maTi tendenciuri komentireba.

yvela faqti Tu movlena ganixileboda imis Sesabamisad, Tu ramdenad Seesabameboda igi generalur propagandistul amocanas, omisdroindel ZiriTad lozungebs: `Cveni saqme sa-marTliania! mteri ganadgurebuli iqneba! gamarjveba Cven dagvrCeba!~, `yvelaferi frontisaTvis, yvelaferi gamarjve-bisaTvis!~ gamoricxuli iyo imis Tqma, rom germanelebi zog-jer Cvenze ukeT ibrZvian, rom zogierTi maTi iaraRi Cvensas sjobs da a.S. rogorc cnobilia, frontis ambebs radios Ziri-Tadad awodebda omis wlebSi specialurad organizebuli `so-vinformbiuro~ (misi cnobebi saomar moqmedebaTa Sesaxeb yo-veldRiurad ramdenjerme gadaicemoda saqarTvelos radio-Ti), romelic, rogorc wesi, xSirad alamazebda maT, zogjer ki uxeSadac amaxinjebda (gansakuTrebiT omis pirvel TveebSi).

omis dros radioprogramebSi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda propagandistuli gadacemebis ricxvi, romlis mizanic iyo me-ore msoflio omSi sabWoTa kavSiris uZlevelobis ideis, kom-partiis avangarduli rolis, sabWoTa patriotizmisa da sab-WoTa qveynis mtrebis mimarT siZulvilis farTo propaganda, qveynis xelmZRvanelobisa da mxedarTmTavris mier gatarebu-li samxedro politikisadmi saerTo-saxalxo mxardaWeris gaZliereba. am mizniT, ZiriTadad gamoiyeneboda sakavSiro radiosa da centraluri Tu respublikuri Jurnal-gazeTebi-dan amokrefili masalebi. magaliTad, `sabWoTa xalxi icavs didi oqtombris revoluciis monapovars~, `sabWoTa zurgi Zlieria~, `stalinuri winaswarmetyvelebis Zala~, `Cveni gmi-ruli Zlevamosili armia~, `germaniis faSizmis ganadgureba gardauvalia~ da a.S. TandaTanobiT imata originalurma gada-cemebmac, romelTa avtorebic iyvnen cnobili partiuli da sabWoTa muSakebi, politikuri da sazogado moRvaweebi, ro-melTa sityvas SeeZlo gavlena moexdina radiomsmenelTa au-ditoriaze, sazogadoebrivi azris formirebaze. radios yu-radRebis gareSe arc inteligencia dautovebia da specialu-

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ri rubrikiT `Cveni sabWoTa inteligencia~ mikrofonTan iw-vevda sazogadoebisaTvis cnobil adamianebs, mecnierebisa da xelovnebis gamoCenil moRvaweebs: s. janaSias, n. kecxovels, al. TvalWreliZes, n. musxeliSvils, v. kupraZes, i. beritaS-vilsa da sxvebs.

gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobda saqarTvelos radio samxedro momzadebas, sahaero da qimiuri Tavdacvis sakiTxebs (`rogor gavanadguroT mtris tanki~, `rogor vebrZoloT mtris paraSutistebs~, `rogor CavaqroT cecxlgamCeni yumba-ra~, `rogor moviqceT gangaSis dros~ da sxva).

1943 wlidan, roca daZabuloba frontze Senelda da omis msvlelobaSi gardatexa moxda, radiom ufro farTo adgili dauTmo zurgis mSromelebs da saxalxo meurneobis sxvadas-xva dargebis saqmianobis gaSuqebas. TiTqmis ar darCenila sa-qarTveloSi raioni Tu sofeli, romlis Sesaxebac informaci-ebi Tu sxva Janris masalebi ar gadacemuliyo eTerSi. mikro-fonTan gamodiodnen soflis meurneobis specialistebi — ag-ronomebi, ekonomistebi, zooveterinarebi. gaumjobesda sa-telefono komunikaciebi, ramac ufro gaaadvila raionebTan dakavSireba da mniSvnelovani cnobebis droulad miReba-ga-dacema.

sistematurad Suqdeboda omis periodis finansur-poli-tikuri kampania, mesame saxelmwifo samxedro sesxis realiza-ciis problemebi, warmoebis racionalizaciis, Sida resurse-bis mobilizaciis, ekonomiis reJimis, socialisturi Sejibre-bis sakiTxebi ciklebSi: `sayovelTao socSejibrebis monawi-leTa tribuna~, `mowinave sawarmoebi mikrofonTan~, `sayovel-Tao yuradReba da daxmareba frontul ojaxebs~, `Cveni tran-sporti da mrewveloba~. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmo amierkavkasiis rkinigzas, romelmac omis dros didi muSaoba gaswia saxalxo meurneobisa da frontis momsaxurebisaTvis. yovel oTxSabaTs, rubrikiT `teqnikuri propaganda~ gadaice-moda leqcia-konsultaciebi da specialuri saubrebi rkinig-zis muSakTaTvis. xSirad gadaicemoda reportaJebi (oqmebSi translaciebadaa moxsenebuli) mniSvnelovani samrewvelo Tu sasoflo-sameurneo obieqtebidan, magaliTad, quTaisidan Te-maze `ordenosani saqarTvelos meore industriuli centri~,

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goridan — `didi stalinis samSoblo~, avWalis Sampanuris qar-xnidan — `mivceT maRalxarisxovani Sampanuri mSromelebs~, lilos dasaxlebidan — `Zveli da axali didi lilo~ da sxv.

marTalia, meore msoflio omis dros radio operatiuli informirebis ZiriTadi wyaro iyo, magram Znelia imis Tqma, Tu ramdenad srulfasovan da obieqtur informacias awvdida igi msmenelebs, radgan radiogadacemaTa Sinaarsobriv mxares ze-damxedvelobda da akontrolebda saq. kp(b) centraluri komi-tetis agitaciisa da propagandis ganyofileba. omis Suaxane-bamde omisa da frontis movlenebis amsaxveli originaluri masalebi naklebad gadaicemoda, ZiriTadad sakavSiro radio-komitetisa da presidan amokrefil masalebs iyenebdnen. am danakliss erTgvarad avsebda istoriuli Tematika, romelic patriotuli suliskveTebis amaRlebisa da erovnuli grZno-bebiT manipulirebis efeqturi saSualeba iyo. rubrikiT `Cve-ni gmiri winaprebi~ gadaicemoda saubrebi saqarTvelos Tav-dadebul mamuliSvilebze, maTi cxovrebis gmirul epizodeb-ze, magaliTad, `daviT aRmaSenebeli da brZola saqarTvelos damoukideblobisaTvis~, `vaxtang gorgasali~, `Tamar mefe~, `giorgi saakaZe~, `erekle meore~ da sxv. mis paralelurad ga-moCnda rubrika `ssrk-is gmiruli warsuli~, romelic, umTav-resad, ruseTis istorias warmoaCenda da mxolod mcire do-ziT sxva respublikebis warsuls: magaliTad, `rusi xalxi pir-vel samamulo omSi~, `borodinos brZola~, `minini da poJarski~, `partizanuli moZraobis roli 1812 w. samamulo omSi~ da a.S.

omis dros gansakuTrebiT gaizarda saerTaSoriso Temebi-sadmi interesi. xSirad gadaicemoda politikuri pamfletebi — umetesad Targmnili masalebi. maT Soris didi popularo-biT sargeblobda m. zoSCenkos, v. kataevis da gansakuTrebiT, i. erenburgis statiebi — `wyeuli berlini~, `gaseirneba fric-landiaSi~, `amis Tavdebi Cveni xalxia~ da sxv. `bavSvebis mkvlelebs adgili ara aqvT dedamiwaze, yvelaferi unda gamo-aSkaravdes da yvela damnaSave unda daisajos. Cven unda amov-TxaroT yvela jalaTi da radgan Cven Zalian vafasebT adamia-nebs, gvsurs misi yvela mteri daisajos~ — avtoris paTetiku-ri da mamxilebeli toni, Seurigebeli, basri satira, adamiane-bis sabrZolo SemarTebasa da patriotul ganwyobas amaRleb-

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da. i. erenburgis statiebs TiTqmis yovelTvis diqtori daviT Zigua kiTxulobda. misi xmis tembri da kiTxvis damajerebeli toni msmenelze did STabeWdilebas axdenda. amasTanave unda aRiniSnos Targmnili masalebis mZime ena, RvarWnili qarTuli da gaumarTavi winadadebebi. mikrofonTan jer ar Candnen qar-Tveli pamfletistebi da satirikosebi. ramdenjerme radio-gadacemebSi gaielva germane SubiTiZis pamfletma saerTaSo-riso Temaze, magram igi politikuri simaxviliTa da simZaf-riT ar gamoirCeoda.

Tu statistikur monacemebs gadavxedavT, Tematurad ga-dacemebis raodenoba 1942 wlis saangariSo moxsenebebis mi-xedviT Semdegnairia: `samamulo omis frontis ambebi~ — 508 gadacema, `sabWoTa zurgi~ — 51 gadacema, mniSvnelovani Tari-Rebis aRniSvna — 61 gadacema, `partizanuli brZola~ — 14 gada-cema. avtorebis mixedviT: qarTveli avtorebi — 226 gadacema, rusi avtorebi — 282 gadacema, moZme respublikebis (rusulis gareSe) — 17 gadacema.1 rogorc am monacemebidan Cans, rusu-lenovani gadacemebis siWarbe TvalSi sacemia, rac gamowveu-li iyo Cvens respublikaSi Tavad rusi da, saerTod, araqar-Tveli msmenelebis raodenobis zrdiTac. am dros saqarTve-loSi imyofebodnen gamosajanmrTeleblad wiTeli armiis me-omrebi da evakuirebuli mwerlebi da msaxiobebi.

1942 wlis meore naxevridan mniSvnelovnad gaizarda radi-oprogramebSi saqarTvelos radiokomitetis Jurnalistebis originaluri gadacemebis wili, rac frontTan maTi dakavSi-rebis Sedegi iyo. radios bevri korespondenti Tavad gaxda omis mxilveli, rasac didad Seuwyo xeli 1942 wlis sak. kp(b) centraluri komitetis propagandisa da agitaciis sammarTve-losa da wiTeli armiis mTavari politsammarTvelos mier mi-Rebulma dadgenilebam `samxedro korespondentebis muSaobis Sesaxeb~. man saSualeba misca presisa da radiomauwyeblobis xelmZRvanelobas frontze gaegzavnaT sakuTari korespon-dentebi, romlebic Cairicxebodnen wiTeli armiis kadrebSi da masalebs miawvdidnen Sesabamis sainformacio saSualebebs. samxedro korespondentebs daevalaT eCvenebinaT `frontis


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adamianebi, wiTeli armiis mebrZolebi da meTaurebi, romle-bic kargad floben samxedro teqnikas da brZolis warmoebis taqtikas, maTi iniciativa, xerxianoba mterTan brZolaSi, maTi siZulvili germaneli faSistebisadmi, maTi simedgre, Tavgan-wirva da disciplina sardlobis brZanebis SesrulebaSi~.1

rubrikiT `mSobliuri kavkasiisaTvis brZola~ sistematu-rad iyo eTerSi radios specialuri korespondentebisa da ar-miaSi momuSave avtorebis masalebi, maT Soris, ufrosi leite-nantebis n. kakuSaZis da g. gvritiSvilis, leitenant n. tyema-laZis da sxvaTa gadacemebi.

kviraSi samjer gadaicemoda narkvevebi saxelovan qar-Tvel meomrebze, ssrk gmirebis safronto cxovrebis epizo-debze. maT Soris iyvnen W. bendeliani, n. adamia, al. pirmisaS-vili, m. gaxokiZe da sxvebi. axali rubrikiT `samamulo omSi qarTveli xalxis saxelovani Svilebi~ gadaica narkvevebi da saubrebi: `qarTvelis quCa kremenCugSi~, `qarTvelebi stalin-gradis damcvelebi~, `kapitani buxaiZe~, `qarTveli gvardie-lebi~, `Zmebi gulvardaSvilebi~ da sxva.

amave dros ewyoboda samamulo omis monawile qarTveli meomrebis `cocxali gamosvlebi~ mikrofonTan. studiaSi mo-iwvies stalingradis dacvis monawile jariskacebi da ofic-rebi, general-maior nikoloz TavarTqilaZis gvardielebi, novorosiiskis, anapisa da tamanis naxevarkunZulisaTvis brZo-lis monawileebi.

1943 wlis bolos radioprogramebSi gamoCnda axali cikli `sayovelTao daxmareba ganTavisuflebul raionebs~, sadac mivlinebaSi gagzavnili radioJurnalistebi aSuqebdnen, Tu rogor exmarebian saqarTvelos mSromelebi germanelebisagan axalganTavisuflebul raionebs meurneobis aRdgenaSi. maga-liTad, `Cven mivdivarT moZme sabWoTa ukrainaSi~, `Zmuri dax-marebis heqtarebi~, `riT vexmarebiT Crdilo kavkasiis da yu-banis kolmeurneebs~ da sxv.

omis dros gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqca mxatvrul mauwyeblobas, romlis saqmianoba mtkiced daukavSirda qvey-nis Tavdacvis amocanebs. gardaiqmna redaqciebis muSaoba da

1 partiuli da sabWoTa beWduri sityvis Sesaxeb, 1956 w., gv. 674.

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rogorc radiokomitetis imdroindel saangariSo moxsenebeb-Sia aRniSnuli, `literaturul-dramatul gadacemebs aqvs agitpropagandistuli da mizanswrafuli xasiaTi maSinac ki, roca klasikosebs mivmarTavT. amaRlda gadacemis xarisxi, amaze isic metyvelebs, rom mTeli wlis manZilze xelmZRvanel organoebTan gagzavnili masalebidan mxolod 5-6 SemTxveva iyo, rom xeli ar moaweres~.1 aq igulisxmeba kontroli, ro-melsac axorcielebda agitacia-propagandis ganyofileba ara marto politikur, aramed literaturul gadacemebzec.

literaturul-dramatul gadacemebSi mTavari yuradRe-ba daeTmo frontisa da zurgis cxovrebis gaSuqebas, samamu-lo omis gmirebis portretebis Cvenebas. momravlda politi-kuri feletonebi, mimoxilvebi da kompoziciebi, mweralTa ga-mosvlebi. is, vinc 1937 wlis represiebs gadaurCa da axla omis saSinelebam warsuli daaviwyebina, omaxianad gamodioda mik-rofonTan. eTerSi gaismoda stalinuri premiis laureatebisa da ordenosani mwerlebis l. qiaCelis, g. leoniZis, g. tabiZis, S. dadianis, a. maSaSvilis, s. Ciqovanis, i. griSaSvilisa da sxva-Ta xmebi. qarTulma sazogadoebam pirvelad radioTi moismina aleqsandre abaSelis `cam daiquxa guSin~, giorgi quCiSvilis `poeti — jariskaci~, giorgi leoniZis `aimarTeniT, vaJkacno!~, simon Ciqovanis `mamuls vuTxraT gamarjveba~, Wabuki poetis xuta berulavas `amxanago miSakov, Zmao SalamberiZev!~ da sxv.

saqarTvelos mweralTa kavSiris gamgeobis prezidiumma imsjela mwerlebisa da maTi organizaciis saqmianobis omis Sesaferisad gardaqmnis Taobaze da gamoxata mzadyofna — qarTvelma mwerlebma samoqmedo programad gaixadon Tavdac-vis saxelmwifo komitetis Tavmjdomaris i. stalinis 3 ivli-sis gamosvla radioTi da yvelaferi gaakeTon mtris gasanad-gureblad. Camoyalibda saagitacio-sapropagando biuro s. Ciqovanis TavmjdomareobiT. biuro agzavnida mwerlebs jaris nawilebSi, samobilizacio punqtebSi, samxedro hospitlebSi, kolmeurneobebSi Tu fabrika-qarxnebSi, awyobda antifaSis-tur literaturul saRamoebs, romelTa translaciebi gadai-cemoda pirdapir eTerSi. aseve, TiTqmis yoveldRe ismoda ra-


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dioSi qarTvel mweralTa rogorc mxatvruli, ise publicis-turi nawarmoebebi. swored radio aRmoCnda is tribuna, saida-nac im mZime dReebSi saqarTvelos mosaxleoba ismenda qarTve-li mwerlebis optimisturi ganwyobiTa da patriotuli Semar-TebiT gajerebul mxatvrul sityvas. magaliTad, 1942 wlis 16 ianvars gadaica literaturuli axalgazrdobis antifaSis-turi saRamos radiotranslacia, romelic gaixsna geronti qiqoZis moxsenebiT `samamulo omi da sabWoTa axalgazrdoba~. Semdeg ioseb noneSvilma waikiTxa leqsi `qarTlis dideba da-vicvaT~. aseve mxatvruli nawarmoebebi waikiTxes lado avali-anma, revaz margianma, marika baraTaSvilma, mayvala mrevliS-vilma, giorgi kalandaZem, lado asaTianma da sxvebma.

Tavdapirvelad, 1942 wlamde, qarTvel mwerlebs ar hqon-daT saSualeba uSualod exilaT da SeeswavlaT fronti, ami-tom maTi nawarmoebebi jer kidev kanti-kuntad gadaicemoda eTerSi, mdgomareoba sagrZnoblad Secvala 1942 wlis 11 de-kembris saq. kp(b) centraluri komitetis mier miRebulma dad-genilebam `literaturuli mxatvruli produqciis xarisxis amaRlebis Sesaxeb~, sadac aRniSnuli iyo, rom qarTveli mwer-lebi Rrmad ver asaxaven omis sinamdviles, radgan ar icnoben frontisa da zurgis cxovrebas. saWiroa maTi xSiri Sexvedre-bi armiisa da frontis mSromelebTano. amas mohyva mwerlebis gasvliTi brigadebi Crdilo kavkasiis frontze, sxvadasxva samxedro nawilebSi. radiom saswrafod daamyara kavSiri frontel avtorebTan da sistematurad Rebulobda masalebs k. lorTqifaniZis, p. abramias, s. TavaZis, g. quCiSvilis, d. Sen-gelaiasa da sxvebisagan. ase daibada `safronto narkvevebis cikli~, sadac naCvenebi iyo qarTvel meomarTa Tavganwirva da SemarTebuli brZola mtris winaaRmdeg.

omis dros gamoCndnen radioSi axalgazrda mwerlebic: i. noneSvilma mikrofonTan waikiTxa axali leqsi `zoia kosmode-mianskaia~, gadaica m. gelovanis, al. sajaias, r. margianis leq-sebi, l. asaTianis axali poema `basianis brZola~. amis Sesaxeb 1941 wlis seqtemberSi nika agiaSvilisadmi gagzavnil werilSi lado asaTiani aRniSnavda: `davwere ramdenime leqsi: `gulba-aT WavWavaZe~, `qarTveli oqrosmaZieblebis simRera~, `irmebis SeTqmuleba~, `sumbuli~ da erTic 300 striqoniani istoriuli

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poema Tu balada `basianis brZola~, Tamar mefis droidan... es nawarmoebi gasul kviras Tavidan bolomde mikrofonTan wavi-kiTxe da movaxsene saqarTvelos~.1

ufro adre, 1941 welis 15 marts stalinuri premiebi mie-niWaT l. qiaCels romanisaTvis `gvadi bigva~ da g. leoniZes po-emisaTvis `stalini. bavSvoba da yrmoba~. radio pirveli gamo-exmaura am movlenas da mikrofonTan miiwvia laureatebi. mo-ewyo maTi nawarmoebebis mxatvruli kiTxva. literaturuli redaqcia Tavis angariSSi Tavmomwoned aRniSnavda, rom `ar-cerTi Tanamedrove poeti, mwerali da dramaturgi ar darCe-nila, rom misi Semoqmedeba ar gaecno msmenels ama Tu im for-miT (gamosvla, montaJi, kompozicia, nawyvetebi)~.2

1942 wlis seqtemberSi saqarTvelos mweralTa delegacia estumra CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi, Cegemisa da baqsanis xeobebSi 392-e qarTvel msrolelTa divizias, sadac sofel fsixodSi, ZmaTa sasaflaos naxvisas dawera irakli abaSiZem leqsi `kapi-tani buxaiZe~, romelic maleve daibeWda am diviziis gazeTSi `win gamarjvebisaken~. aqve daiwera simon Ciqovanis leqsic `sabWoTa kavSiris gmiri vladimer kankava~. TbilisSi dabrune-bisTanave poetebi radiokomitetSi miiwvies, sadac maT isaub-res mogzaurobis STabeWdilebebze da waikiTxes iq dawerili leqsebi. aseve, radiomsmenelebma moismines 1943 wels tamanis naxevarkunZulze ucnobi qarTveli meomris levanis saflavis naxvisas giorgi leoniZis mier dawerili leqsi `ar daidardo, dedao~. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom TiTqmis yvela mwerali, ro-melic aqtiurad exmianeboda saomar Tematikas, garda Jur-nal-gazeTebisa, sistematurad monawileobda radiogadace-mebSic. TavianT profesiul movaleobas ar iviwyebdnen is mwerlebi da Jurnalistebi, romlebic frontze iaraRiT xel-Si ibrZodnen samSoblos dasacavad da radioSi xSirad gadai-cemoda p. abramias, n. kakuSaZis, k. lorTqifaniZis, r. margiani-sa da sxvaTa mier mowodebuli mxatvruli Tu publicisturi masalebi. frontze daiRupnen radiomuSakebi al. cercvaZe da g. zedelaSvili.

1 l. asaTiani, rCeuli, Tb., 1986, gv. 145. 2 saq. uicsa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 34, gv. 2.

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1942-1945 wlebSi radiom farTo adgili dauTmo saqarTve-loSi evakuirebul rus mwerlebsa da msaxiobebs, mouwyo Se-moqmedebiTi saRamoebi i. andronikovs, v. veresaevs, i. novi-kovs, a. antonovskaias, p. pavlenkos, v. golcevsa da sxvebs. ase-ve, rusuli Teatris saRamoebs awyobdnen samxatvro Teatris msaxiobebi v. kaCalovi, i. kozlovski, k. nemiroviC-danCenko. rogorc dokumentebi gvamcnoben, `1942 wels literaturul-dramatuli gadacemebis xaziT ganxorcielda 945 gadacema. aqedan 599 qarTul enaze, 346 rusul enaze. maTgan 401 iyo ori-ginaluri, 544 — Targmnili~.1

aRsaniSnavia omis dros radiokomitetSi mTargmnelTa na-yofieri muSaoba. n. lorTqifaniZis, i. zurabiSvilis, a. Wumba-Zis, k. WiWinaZis, r. gvetaZis miwvevam radioSi bevrad gaaumjo-besa gadacemebis xarisxi. xSirad maT mier Targmnil masalebs iyenebdnen respublikuri gazeTebic.

musikaluri gadacemebis Tematikac omis viTarebiT gani-sazRvra. eTerSi ismoda patriotuli, heroikuli, paTetikuri musika. 1943 wlis maisSi saqarTvelos radios simfoniurma orkestrma gaukis diriJorobiT Seasrula SostakoviCis meS-vide simfonia, romelic leningradis gmirobisa da mamacobis simbolod gaisma saqarTvelos eTerSi. aseve gadaica radioTi simRerebi WiWiko bendelianze, aleqsandre wurwumiaze da ka-pitan buxaiZeze.

omis periodSi Semcirda sabavSvo gadacemebi. TveSi 14 ga-dacema qarTulenovani iyo, 6 — rusuli, xolo musikalur xe-lovnebas 10 gadacema eZRvneboda. farTod Suqdeboda pione-ruli cxovreba — disciplinisa da movaleobis sakiTxebi. sam-xedro saqmeSi gaTviTcnobierebis mizniT specialurad bav-SvebisTvis gadaicemoda saubrebi: `Tofi~, `tankebis Sesaxeb~, `qimia da omi~ da a.S. aseve, literaturul gadacemebSic War-bobda saomari Tematika. magaliTad, gr. abaSiZis `norCi rki-nigzeli~ da `norCi pioneris fici~, v. quCiSvilis `gangaSi~, i. gri-SaSvilis `evakuirebuli bavSvebi~ da sxv.

sabavSvo gadacemebs 1941 wels xelmZRvanelobda e. mReb-riSvili, pasuxismgebel redaqtorebad muSaobdnen T. modeba-


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Ze da g. manjgalaZe, reJisorad 1940 wels — d. cxakaia, 1941 wlidan ki — d. xomeriki. maT emateboda agreTve e.w. `masobri-vad momuSave~ v. firaniSvili.

omis dros saqarTvelos radios gamomSvebi seqtoric axa-li TanamSromlebiT Seivso. 1942 wels radiokomitetis diq-tori xdeba erosi manjgalaZe, romelic im dros Teatraluri institutis meore kursis studenti iyo. 1947-1948 wlebSi igi staliniris Teatris msaxiobia, Semdeg kvlav radiokomitetSi agrZelebs muSaobas umaRlesi kategoriis diqtoris Tanamde-bobaze da paralelurad muSaobs rusTavelis saxelobis sa-xelmwifo TeatrSi msaxiobad. erosi manjgalaZe iyo ara mxo-lod SesaniSnavi diqtori, aramed brwyinvale sportuli ko-mentatoric, romelic reportaJis gaZRolis maneriT da tem-peramentiani TxrobiT msmenelze waruSlel STabeWdilebas axdenda.

1943 wlidan radioSi muSaoba daiwyo SemdgomSi saqarTve-los damsaxurebulma artistma, umaRlesi kategoriis diq-torma elene tabliaSvilma, romelic 57 wlis ganmavlobaSi eTerSi sistematurad kiTxulobda ukanasknel cnobebs, saub-rebs, mxatvrul-literaturul gadacemebs, leqsebs, moTxro-bebs, monawileobda sabavSvo da axalgazrdul gadacemebSi. mas didi wvlili miuZRvis diqtorTa mTeli pleadis aRzrda-Sic. aseve, 1943-1948 wlebSi radios diqtorad muSaobda lia WaniSvili, xolo 1945-1946 wlebSi — margarita Caxava.

unda aRiniSnos isic, rom meore msoflio omis periodSi saqarTvelodan sakavSiro radio axorcielebda mauwyeblobas italiasa da balkaneTis qveynebze. mas xelmZRvanelobda p. ko-vanovi, romelic Semdgom muSaobda saq. kp. centraluri komi-tetis meore mdivnad. radioSi moqmedebda specialuri briga-da, romlis Semadgenloba internacionaluri iyo: italielebi d. kudriaci da m. pilano, bulgarelebi d. kalinkova da d. ni-kolaevi, ungrelebi v. kovaCi da m. bovari, iugoslaveli i. zba-roviCi, rumineli i. spiru. masalebi gadaicemoda 10 enaze da zogierTi maTgani eZRvneboda saqarTvelosac. aseve, Tbilisi-dan xorcieldeboda mauwyebloba CrdiloeT kavkasiis droe-biT okupirebuli raionebisTvisac.

amrigad, 1941-1945 wlebSi saqarTvelos radio kavkasiis

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mTel regionSi informaciisa da propagandis efeqtur saSua-lebas warmoadgenda. igi droulad exmianeboda omisa da zur-gis ambebs, aanalizebda mimdinare movlenebs, saerTaSoriso mdgomareobas da mterze gamarjvebaSi Tavisi wvlili saqar-Tvelos radios Jurnalistebsac miuZRviT.

omisSemdgom aTwleulSi saqarTveloSi radiomauwyeblo-bis ganviTareba mWidrod daukavSirda respublikis saxalxo meurneobis aRdgenisa da ganviTarebis saxelmwifo gegmebs.

1946 wlis 12-19 marts ssrk umaRlesi sabWos me-11 mowvevis sesiaze miRebuli dadgenilebis Tanaxmad, ssrk mokavSire da avtonomiuri respublikebis saxalxo komisarTa sabWoebi gar-daiqmna ministrTa sabWoebad, xolo saxalxo komisariatebi — saministroebad. aqedan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos saxkomsab-WosTan arsebul radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis komi-tets ewoda saqarTvelos ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli ra-diofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis komiteti, romelic war-moadgenda ssrk ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli radiofikaci-isa da radiomauwyeblobis saxelmwifo komitetis adgilob-riv organos da eqvemdebareboda rogorc saqarTvelos minis-trTa sabWos, aseve aRniSnul komitets.

saqarTvelos ministrTa sabWosTan arsebul radiofika-ciisa da radiomauwyeblobis saxelmwifo komitets debulebis mixedviT evaleboda: `saqarTvelos ssr mosaxleobisaTvis po-litikuri mauwyeblobis organizacia, sabWoTa saxelmwifos saSinao da sagareo politikis yovelmxrivi gaSuqeba, socia-listuri mSeneblobis amocanebis farTo propaganda, ssrk xalxebisa da saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv-politikur, ekono-mikur da kulturul cxovrebaSi miRweuli warmatebebis po-pularizacia, aseve radiomsmenelebis informireba sazRvar-gareTis qveynebis politikuri da ekonomikuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb; socialisturi kulturisa da xelovnebis, mecnieru-li codnis, ssrk xalxTa Semoqmedebis, klasikuri literatu-ris, musikisa da dramaturgiis saukeTeso nawarmoebebis far-To propaganda~.1 aqedan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovani cvlile-bebi ganxorcielda saqarTvelos radiomauwyeblobis organi-


82

zaciul da SemoqmedebiT struqturaSi, gaumjobesda materia-lur-teqnikuri baza, gaizarda radiosadgurebisa da radioa-paraturis ricxvi, dRis wesrigSi dadga soflis sruli radi-ofikaciis sakiTxi da radio profesiuli kadrebiT Seivso.

1949 wlis 6 ivliss ssrk ministrTa sabWos dadgenilebiT ssrk ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli radiofikaciisa da radi-omauwyeblobis erTiani komiteti (romelic 1933 wlidan arse-bobda) gardaiqmna sakavSiro mniSvnelobis or struqturad — ssrk ministrTa sabWosTan arsebul radioinformaciis komi-tetad da radiomauwyeblobis komitetad. pirvels daevala Si-da mauwyebloba, meores ki — mauwyebloba sazRvargareTis qveynebze. es reforma, rogorc Cans, ganapiroba ucxoeTze ma-uwyeblobis gazrdilma mniSvnelobam omisa da omisSemdgom wlebSi (mkveTrad gafarTovda misi moculoba, samauwyeblo enebis ricxvi da mauwyeblobis zonebi). Sesabamisi cvlileba moxda respublikebis donezec. saqarTvelos radios, romel-sac ucxoeTze mauwyebloba ar gaaCnda, ubralod saxeli Seec-vala da ewoda saqarTvelos ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli radioinformaciis komiteti, mis Tavmjdomared dainiSna aleqsandre kvaWaZe. 1952 wlis ivlisSi a. kvaWaZe gaaTavisuf-les Tanamdebobidan im motiviT, rom `ver uzrunvelyo komi-tetis xelmZRvaneloba, dauSva finansuri darRvevebi, discip-linisa da honoraris ukontroloba~, aseve gaaTavisufles mi-si moadgile amiran gabeskiria da sxva TanamSromlebic. radi-okomitetis axal Tavmjdomared dainiSna anton kelenjeriZe, moadgiled — aleqsandre farulava.

1953 wlis martSi centraluri dawesebulebebisa da uwye-bebis reorganizaciasTan dakavSirebiT, am ori komitetis nac-vlad Seiqmna radioinformaciis mTavari sammarTvelo da ra-diomauwyeblobis mTavari sammarTvelo da orive Sevida axal Camoyalibebuli ssrk kulturis saministros SemadgenlobaSi. Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli ra-dioinformaciis komiteti gaxda saqarTvelos ssr kulturis saministrosTan arsebuli radioinformaciis mTavari sammar-Tvelo, xolo misi Tavmjdomare a. kelenjeriZe — sammarTve-los ufrosi. aseTma cvlilebam didi polemika gamoiwvia sa-kavSiro presaSi da araerTi sawinaaRmdego mosazrebac gamo-

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iTqva. amas isic daemata, rom omisSemdgom wlebSi gamoCnda xalxis farTo masebze zemoqmedebis ufro efeqturi saSuale-ba televiziis saxiT, romelmac garkveulwilad Secvala Ta-vad radiomauwyeblobis saqmianoba da igi axali amocanebis wi-naSe daayena.

omis damTavrebis Semdeg, 1946 wlis monacemebiT, saqar-TveloSi arsebobda 81 radiokvanZi da 60 aTasze meti satran-slacio wertili, soflad radioficirebuli iyo 370-mde sa-soflo sabWo, 300-mde kolmeurneoba da 31 mts (manqana-traq-torebis sadguri).1 1951 wlisaTvis ki saqarTveloSi respub-likuri mauwyebloba warmoebda ori mZlavri radiosadguri-dan — 1571 da 59, 52 metr talRebze. am droisaTvis sul moqme-debda 259 radiokvanZi. ufro gafarTovda da stabiluri gaxda radioauditoria da, rac mTavaria, warmatebiT gagrZelda Jur-nalistikis axali formebisa da xerxebis SemoqmedebiTi Zieba.

40-50-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi jer kidev omamde Camoya-libebuli radiomauwyeblobis diferencirebuli sistema ki-dev ufro ganmtkicda. igi moicavda sazogadoebriv-politi-kur da mxatvrul programebs. sazogadoebriv-politikuri ma-uwyebloba aerTianebda `ukanaskneli cnobebis~, propagandis, soflis meurneobisa da mrewvelobis redaqciebs. maTi Tanam-Sromlebi amzadebdnen gadacemebs axalgazrdobisTvisac, rom-lis calke redaqcia mogvianebiT Seiqmna.

1950 wlis ivnisis monacemebiT saqarTvelos radioSi fun-qcionirebda Semdegi redaqciebi: sazogadoebriv-politikuri gadacemebis redaqcia, romlis pasuxismgebeli redaqtori iyo ar. qadagiSvili, ufrosi redaqtori gr. imedaZe, redaqtori al. margvelaSvili; `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ redaqcia — pasu-xismgebeli redaqtori S. jiqia; rusulenovani gadacemis uf-rosi redaqtori p. bedenaSvili, redaqtorebi: al. gabunia da d. gegenava, literaturuli redaqtori g. soselia.

mxatvrul mauwyeblobaSi Sedioda: literaturul-drama-tuli mauwyeblobis redaqcia — pasuxismgebeli redaqtori n. sirbilaZe, literaturuli redaqtori m. suxiaSvili, bib-lioTekari a. badrieva; musikaluri mauwyeblobis redaqcia —

1 gaz. `komunisti~, 1946, 07.05.

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simfoniuri gadacemebis pasuxismgebeli redaqtori b. qarTve-liSvili, ufrosi redaqtori g. kacelaSvili, notebis biblio-Tekis ufrosi l. lukaSeva; sabavSvo mauwyeblobis redaqcia — pasuxismgebeli redaqtori ak. ZiZiguri, ufrosi redaqtori l. buaCiZe, redaqtori m. voznesenski.

gamomSvebi seqtoris gamge iyo o. anTelava, ufrosi gamom-Svebi — m. uruSaZe. teqnikur nawils xelmZRvanelobda o. quTa-TelaZe.

radiokorespondentebad muSaobdnen: n. tyemalaZe, m. WeiS-vili, e. domoracki. a. faradaSvili, er. gogiava da sxv.

musikaluri koleqtivebis mxatvruli xelmZRvaneli da pasuxismgebeli redaqtori iyo al. bukia, simfoniuri orkes-tris mTavari diriJori — S. azmaifaraSvili, diriJori — al. nasiZe, kapelis mxatvruli xelmZRvaneli g. xaxanaSvili, mxatv-ruli xelmZRvaneli avq. megreliZe, qormeisteri vl. babilua.

1952-1957 wlebSi sazogadoebriv-politikur mauwyeblo-bas xelmZRvanelobda vaxtang ZamaSvili, mxatvrul-drama-tuls ki — akaki ZiZiguri (1956 wels igi Secvala ivlita mes-xiSvilma).

garda amisa, radios hyavda programebis direqcia, diqtor-Ta jgufi, sakuTar korespondentTa farTo qseli da mauwyeb-lobis meqanikuri seqtori, sadac Sedioda saaparato (mas xel-mZRvanelobda ufrosi teqnikos-operatori l. qiSmiSevi), mik-rofonebis, tonfilmebisa da gramfirfitebis samsaxurebi.

omisSemdgom sabWoTa kavSirSi arsebobda adgilobrivi ma-uwyeblobis 82 komiteti — respublikuri, samxareo da saol-qo. TiToeuli maTgani mauwyeblobda mSobliur enaze. amave dros gansazRvruli dro eTmoboda rusulenovan gadacemebs da, aseve, centridan dagegmili radiobadis mixedviT, adgi-lobrivi radioqselebi sakavSiro radiokomitetis gadacemeb-sac iRebdnen. 1951 wlis monacemebiT, saqarTvelos respubli-kuri mauwyeblobis moculoba yoveldRiurad Seadgenda 8 sa-aTsa da 50 wuTs. xolo moskovidan translaciasTan erTad 17 saaTsa da 40 wuTs. daaxloebiT igive mdgomareoba iyo yvela respublikaSi da masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis aseTi centralizebuli sistema im ZiriTad berkets warmoadgenda, romlis meSveobiTac sabWoTa mTavroba da komunisturi par-

85

tia axorcielebda Tavis politikas — erTiani sabWoTa eris cnobierebis Camoyalibebis sanukvar programas.

am mxriv mniSvnelovan funqcias asrulebda radios in-formaciuli mauwyebloba, romelic sxvadasxva gadacemebs moicavda: ukanaskneli cnobebi; centraluri (sakavSiro) da respublikuri gazeTebis mimoxilva; ssrk-is axali ambebi; Tbi-lisis axali ambebi; saerTaSoriso mimoxilva.

radioprogramebSi centraluri adgili ùkanasknel cno-bebs~ ekava, romelic gankuTvnili iyo `yvelasaTvis~, nebismie-ri socialuri jgufisa Tu fenis, profesiisa Tu asakis adami-anisTvis. aq Tavs iyrida informacia mimdinare cxovrebis yve-la mniSvnelovan faqtsa Tu movlenaze — politikis, ekonomi-kis, kulturisa Tu ganaTlebis Sesaxeb. igi SeuzRudavi iyo Tematurad da geografiulad da mravalferovani publicis-turi xerxebis gamoyenebis saSualebasac iZleoda.

ùkanaskneli cnobebi~ gadaicemoda dReSi 6-jer da, wesi-samebr, moicavda informaciebs sakavSiro, respublikuri da saerTaSoriso cxovrebis Sesaxeb. qalaqis satranslacio qse-liT ki dReSi erTxel gadaicemoda `Tbilisis axali ambebi~.

saWiro masalebs radiokomitetis sainformacio samsaxu-ri sxvadasxva wyarodan iRebda: ssrk depeSaTa saagentodan, saqarTvelos depeSaTa saagentodan, sakavSiro Tu respubli-kuri Jurnal-gazeTebidan da sakuTari korespondentebisgan, romlebic saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela regionSi hyavda.

1949 wlis monacemebiT, ùkanaskneli cnobebis~ redaqcia-Si muSaobda 2 Statis da 8 uStato TanamSromeli, aseve 37 ada-mianisagan Semdgari avtorTa aqtivi, romelic yoveldRiurad redaqcias awvdida saSualod 20-ze met informacias. yovel gamoSvebaSi gadaicemoda 5-7 cnoba respublikis cxovrebaze, 3-4 sakavSiro informacia da 6-7 mniSvnelovani cnoba saerTa-Soriso Temaze.1 sxvadasxva wlebSi ùkanaskneli cnobebis~ re-daqciaSi moRvaweobdnen: guram mRebriSvili, kora wereTeli, nikoloz abzianiZe da sxvebi.

radioSi moqmedebda 1933 wlidan damkvidrebuli masalaTa ganlagebis principi politikuri aqtualobis mixedviT. ga-


86

moSveba ixsneboda sabWoTa mTavrobis mier miRebuli dadgeni-lebebis, gadawyvetilebebis, saxelmwifo mniSvnelobis faqte-bisa da movlenebis SetyobinebiT. Semdeg gadaicemoda masale-bi SromiTi koleqtivebis saqmianobaze, saxelmwifo gegmebis vadaze adre Sesrulebaze, staxanovur moZraobaze, socialis-tur Sejibrebaze da a.S. dasasruls msmenels acnobdnen xe-lovnebis, kulturis, sportisa da sayofacxovrebo sakiTxebs, aseve amindis prognozs. redaqcia xSirad mimarTavda masala-Ta ganlagebis e.w. geografiul principsac, pirvel rigSi ga-daicemoda sakavSiro masStabiT momxdari axali ambebi, Semdeg informaciebi respublikis cxovrebaze da bolos sazRvarga-reTis Sesaxeb.

SedarebiT naklebad, magram sadResaswaulo dReebSi an SromiTi da saarCevno kampaniebis periodSi radio iyenebda ma-salaTa ganlagebis Tematur principsac, sadac masalebi erTi Temis mixedviT jgufdeboda.

imTaviTve ganisazRvra `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ informa-ciaTa xangrZlivobac. yoveli masala sam wuTze meti ar unda yofiliyo da, rac SeiZleba, sxartad da lakoniurad unda gadmoeca axali ambavi, Tumca es principi xSirad irRveoda sxvadasxva mizezTa gamo.

30-iani wlebidan daiwyo da dResac grZeldeba tradicia, romlis mixedviTac `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ gamoSvebebs uZR-veboda ori diqtori — qali da mamakaci.

omis Semdgom radioSi gagrZelda diqtorTa axali kadre-biT Sevseba. 1948-49 wlebSi Statian diqtorad miiRes rusTa-velis saxelmwifo dramatuli Teatris msaxiobi medea Caxava, romelsac jer kidev Teatralur institutSi swavlisas iwvev-dnen radios sabavSvo gadacemebSi monawileobisaTvis. amave wlebSi moRvaweobdnen radios diqtorebad uSangi zarekiZe, giorgi cabaZe, beJan jafariZe, mixeil lopatkini. 1951 wels radiokomitetis Tavmjdomarem anton kelenjeriZem radios diqtorebad miiwvia Teatraluri institutis studentebi me-ri miqelaZe da merab TabukaSvili, 1952 wlidan diqtoris Ta-namdebobaze miiRes vaxtang jaxutaSvili da revaz TavarTqi-laZe, profesiiT msaxiobebi.

radiokomitetis omisSemdgom masalebSi gansakuTrebiT

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igrZnoboda mSvidobiani cxovrebis majiscema. Tu omis dam-Tavrebis pirvel xanebSi radioSi xSirad ismoda Semdegi saTa-urebi: `swrafad movirCinoT omisgan miyenebuli Wrilobebi~, `sawarmoo swavleba profkavSirebSi~, `demobilizebuli meom-rebi mSvidobian SromiT vaxtze~, `wiTeli jvari~ da sxv. Sem-dgomSi bevri sakiTxi aqtualuri aRar iyo da mTeli yuradReba daeTmo komunisturi mSeneblobebis, staxanovuri moZraobis, SromiTi koleqtivebis socialisturi Sejibrebebis Cvenebas.

yovel gamoSvebaSi gadaicemoda informaciebi komunistTa avangardul rolze, partorganizaciebis monawileobaze zem-dgomi organoebis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis Sesru-lebaSi, politganaTlebis qselSi swavlebis mimdinareobaze da a.S. mTavari iyo warmoCeniliyo partiis warmmarTveli da xelmZRvaneli roli sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela sfero-Si. saarqivo monacemebiT, 1949 wlis pirvel naxevarSi `parti-ul sakiTxze gadaica 200-ze meti masala~.1 aq isic unda aRiniS-nos, rom es masalebi formiTa da SinaarsiT tyupiscalebiviT hgavda erTmaneTs da mxolod personaJebi icvlebodnen.

yovelive zemoTqmuli `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ redaqciis muSaobis erT mxares warmoadgenda, Sinaarsobrivad ki misi mo-valeoba iyo sabWoTa mTavrobisa da komunisturi partiis ide-ologiuri da politikuri poziciebidan gaeSuqebina qveyanaSi mimdinare movlenebi.

1946 w. 8 ivniss sak. kp (b) centraluri komitetis mier mi-Rebulma dadgenilebam `saxalxo meurneobis aRdgenisa da Sem-dgomi ganviTarebis xuTwliani gegmis vadamde da gadaWarbe-biT Sesrulebis Sesaxeb~ radios farTo organizatoruli mu-Saobis amocana daakisra da informaciul gamoSvebebSi gamor-Ceuli adgili daeTmo samrewvelo Tematikas: xuTwliani geg-mebis SesrulebisaTvis mobilizacias, mSromelTa gamoxmaure-bebs zegegmiTi dagrovebis iniciativaze, ekonomiis reJimze, muSaobis rentabelobaze da a.S. yoveldRe gadaicemoda ope-ratiuli informaciebi amierkavkasiis metalurgiuli qar-xnis, goris safeiqro kombinatis, quTaisis saavtomobilo qar-xnis, samgoris sarwyavi sistemis mSeneblobebis Sesaxeb. radio


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ZiriTadad warmatebebs acnobda msmenelebs — gardamavali wi-Teli droSis mopovebas, sapatio jildoebis miRebas, intensi-ur SromiT procesebs, `axali cxovrebiT aRfrTovanebuli adamianebis~ saqmianobas. samagierod, naklebad Suqdeboda ne-gatiuri mxareebi, CrdilSi rCeboda mSromelTa materialuri cxovrebis pirobebi, yofa-cxovrebis, keTilmowyobis, dasve-nebisa da garTobis sakiTxebi. mTavari amocana iyo Seqmniliyo imis iluzia, rom saqarTvelos mSromelTa farTo masebi didi gatacebiT aSeneben axal cxovrebas, rom isini yovel axal wa-mowyebas, ssrk-is sxvadasxva respublikebis mSromelTa Taos-nobebs gulmxurvaled exmaurebian da maT gamocdilebas aR-tacebiT iziareben. m. Cutkixis, a. Sexnovis, o. agafonovas, l. korolenkovis, m. roJnevisa da sxvaTa saxelebi yoveldRe is-moda eTerSi. ZiriTadad gamoyenebuli iyo Jurnal-gazeTebisa da sakavSiro radiokomitetidan miRebuli masalebi.

50-ian wlebSi gansakuTrebiT bevri masala gadaicemoda radioTi socialisturi Sejibrebis Sesaxeb, romelic masebis organizebis erT-erT qmediT saSualebad iTvleboda sabWoTa saxelmwifos mTeli arsebobis manZilze.

sabWoTa kavSirSi ar darCenila arc erTi SromiTi koleq-tivi, socialisturi Sejibrebis monawile rom ar gamxdariyo. `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ yovel gamoSvebaSi TiTo masala mainc eZRvneboda socSejibrebasa da mowinave gamocdilebis gazia-rebas. gamoCnda axali rubrikebi da ciklebi: `mowinave gamoc-dilebis tribuna~, `winasaarCevno da winasaoqtombro socSe-jibrebaSi gamarjvebulni~, `saoqtombro socialisturi Se-jibreba~, `socSejibrebis dRiuri~ da sxv., romlebic Seicav-dnen informaciebs fabrika-qarxnebidan, sabWoTa meurneobe-bidan, axali mSeneblobebidan da a.S. am masalebis gacnobisas, romelTa nawili saarqivo fondebSia daculi, iseTi STabeWdi-leba iqmneba, rom am procesebs Tavad adgilze ar hqonda ise-Ti farTo xasiaTi, rogorc presasa Tu radioSi. cifrobrivi monacemebiT gadatvirTuli aseTi informaciebi didad ver daainteresebda msmenelebs. Tu rogor da ra formebiT axer-xebdnen radiomuSakebi Tematurad mravalferovani masalis mitanas auditoriamde, amaze radiokomitetis saarqivo masa-lebi migvaniSnebs.

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gadavxedoT 1951 wlis 20 ivnisis 23.30 saaTis ùkanaskneli cnobebis~ gamoSvebas:

informaciuli SeniSvna: Jdanovis sax. qarxana àzov-stalis~ mier komunizmis udidesi mSeneblobis SekveTe-bis Sesruleba; yazaxeTis mSromelebis daxmareba sta-linur mSeneblobebs; samtrediis mts-is komkavSirelTa gmiroba.

angariSi: `tyis megobris sazogadoebis~ respubli-kuri yrilobis muSaobis dawyeba; saq. ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis samecniero sesia, romelic mieZRvna stalinis Sromas `marqsizmi da enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi~.

mikrofonTan gamosvla: afxazeTis tyis sammarTve-los vaWrobis ufrosi v. TaTaraSvili. marjaniSvilis saxelobis TeatrSi goris saxelmwifo Teatris gastro-lebis gaxsnasTan dakavSirebiT misi mTavari reJisoris v. yuSitaSvilis gamosvla.

reportaJi: Cais krefis mimdinareoba dasavleT sa-qarTveloSi, Sekreba xaSuris kvanZSi rkinigzelTa dRis aRsaniSnavad.

sportuli informaciebi, saerTaSoriso ambebi.

rogorc am gamoSvebidan Cans, ùkanasknel cnobebSi~ Ziri-Tadad gamoiyeneboda iseTi radioJanrebi, rogoricaa infor-maciuli SeniSvna, angariSi, reportaJi, mikrofonTan gamosvla.

operatiulobiT gamoirCeoda informaciuli SeniSvna — mauwyeblobis yvelaze qmediTi Janri, romlis gareSec warmo-udgeneli iyo ùkanaskneli cnobebis~ romelime gamoSveba da yoveli axali ambavi am JanriT euwyeboda msmenels. zogjer mTeli sainformacio gamoSveba mxolod informaciuli SeniS-vnebisgan Sedgeboda da diqtorebis xmaTa monacvleoba Tu qmnida radiogenurobis efeqts.

gansxvavebiT informaciuli SeniSvnisagan, `mikrofonTan gamosvla~, romelic 30-ian wlebSi Camoyalibda da romelsac 40-50-iani wlebis radioJurnalistebi `cocxal gamosvlas~ uwodebdnen (specialur literaturaSi igi `radiogamosvlis~ saxeliTaa cnobili), radiosTvis metad organuli da qmediTi forma gamodga. masSi gamovlinda radios masobriobisa da xalxurobis principi, romelsac maSindeli xelisufleba se-

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riozul mniSvnelobas aniWebda. `mikrofonTan cocxali ga-mosvla~ aZlierebda sabWouri cxovrebis agitaciis Zalas, faqtis sarwmunoobas, ramdenadac msmenels saSualebas aZlev-da informacia pirdapiri wyarodan mieRo, rasac Tan axlda ga-momsvlelis individualuri Tvisebebis warmoCenac. garda amisa, igi advilad mosamzadebelic iyo da mxolod erTi gamo-saxviTi saSualebiT — zepiri sityviT xdeboda faqtis Setyo-bineba. samagierod, faqtis ganzogadebis saSualebas iZleoda im piris meSveobiT, vinc misi uSualo monawile da mxilveli iyo.

am Janrs `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ TiTqmis yvela gamoSveba-Si mimarTavdnen gamocdilebis gaziarebis, socialisturi Se-jibrebis propagandis mizniT, soflisa Tu qalaqis mowinave adamianebis SromiTi saqmianobis warmosaCenad da a.S. faqtob-rivad, `mikrofonTan gamosvla~ sabWour periodSi ufro Ta-vis qebis tribuna iyo, sadac gamomsvlelebi paTetikurad sa-ubrobdnen TavianT SromiT warmatebebze da gauTaveblad is-moda eTerSi: `Cven pirobas vdebT~, `Cven vibrZviT maRali mo-savlisaTvis~, `Cven kargad unda gvaxsovdes didi beladis sityvebi~ da a.S. rogorc saangariSo moxsenebebSia miTiTebu-li: `Sinauri cxovrebis gaSuqebisas redaqciis winaSe idga amocana dReSi 2-3-jer mainc gamoSvebaSi gamoeyenebina gamos-vlebi muSebis, mosamsaxureebis, xelovnebis moRvaweebisa. 1950 wlis I naxevarSi gadaica sul 320 cocxali gamosvla mik-rofonTan~.1

radiom `cocxali gamosvlebiT mikrofonTan~ didi roli Seasrula sxvadasxva SromiTi koleqtivebis iniciativebisa da Taosnobebis gavrcelebaSi. pirvelad swored `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ gamoSvebaSi gaisma saqarTveloSi al. Cutkixis me-Todis pioneris, fabrika `sabWoTa aWaris~ ostatis TanaSemwis o. axalkacis Taosnobis Sesaxeb, romelmac Tavadve uambo msmenelebs Tavisi meTodisa da miRwevebis Sesaxeb. aseve radi-om gauwia propaganda Tbilisis fexsacmlis fabrikis meqani-kosis i. nikolaiSvilis iniciativas.

1950 wlis Semodgomaze, saqarTvelos alpinistTa jgufma dalaSqra mazeri-uSba-Sxeldis mwvervalebi. aseTi traversi

1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. I, saq. 138, gv. 63.

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masStabiTa da sirTulis mxriv pirveli iyo sabWoTa alpiniz-mis istoriaSi. radiom maSinve Seafasa am faqtis mniSvneloba da CamosvlisTanave mikrofonTan miiwvia jgufis xelmZRvane-li. msmenelisaTvis am formiT miwodebuli masala ufro dama-jerebeli da, amave dros, radiogenuric iyo.

saerTod, radioJanri `mikrofonTan gamosvla~ masebTan dakavSirebis erT-erTi SesaniSnavi saSualeba gamodga, ro-melmac gasaqani misca axali sazogadoebis mSenebel adamia-nebs, gamosuliyvnen mikrofonTan mravalricxovani audito-riis winaSe da maTSic gaeRviZebinaT is enTuziazmi, romelsac daJinebiT moiTxovda maSindeli propaganda. aqve Tu gaviTva-liswinebT imdroindel atmosferosac, romelic mxolod da-debiTisa da `saamuri cxovrebis~ Cvenebis tendenciiT gamoi-xateboda, cxadia, rom amgvar gadacemebSi aravin msjelobda mwvave problemebsa da saWirboroto sakiTxebze, gamomsvlel-Ta teqstebic winaswar mzaddeboda, mkacrad mowmdeboda da ise miewodeboda msmenels. aseTi masalebiT radio qmnida sab-WoTa qveynis mSenebeli adamianis saxes, romelic misabaZi da samagaliTo iqneboda farTo muSur- glexuri masisaTvis.

zemoT xsenebuli radioJanrebis prioriteti sxva infor-maciul JanrebTan SedarebiT teqnikis simwiriTac iyo ganpi-robebuli. mxolod mogvianebiT, jer Sorinofonis, Semdeg ki magnitofonis praqtikaSi danergvam radioJurnalistebis Sroma bevrad Seamsubuqa da SesaZlebloba misca maT, winaswar firze CaeweraT esa Tu is mniSvnelovani movlena, Semdeg re-daqciaSi daemuSavebinaT da ise gadaecaT eTerSi.

es meTodi, miuxedavad droisa da sivrcis araTanadrou-lobisa, xSirad gamoiyeneboda omisSemdgom radioSi da aseve gamoiyeneba dResac. aseTi radioreportaJebi gadaicemoda rusTavis metalurgiuli da quTaisis manqanaTmSenebeli qar-xnebidan, orTaWalis hidroeleqtrosadguridan, samgoris sarwyavi arxis mSeneblobidan da sxv. magaliTad, `1949 wels samgoris sarwyav mSeneblobaze naxevari wlis manZilze gadai-ca 9 reportaJi da 200 informaciuli SeniSvna~.1 aseve aRsaniS-navia metexis xidis gaxsnasTan dakavSirebuli radioreporta-


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Ji, romelic xidis gaxsnidan ori saaTis Semdeg gadaica. ga-saTvaliswinebelia is garemoebac, rom omis Semdgom radioko-mitetSi mxolod 2 magnitofoni arsebobda, aqedan erTi emsa-xureboda `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ redaqcias.

radioreportaJebs xSirad mimarTavdnen sxvadasxva mniS-vnelovani Tavyrilobebisa da masobrivi RonisZiebebis dros. momzadda reportaJebi ilia WavWavaZis, al. wulukiZis, s. or-jonikiZis saxl-muzeumebis gaxsnasTan dakavSirebiT. repor-taJi ZiriTadi Janri iyo saarCevno kampaniis dros. redaqciis TanamSromlebs gansakuTrebuli pasuxismgebloba ekisrebo-daT da evalebodaT radioreportaJebis mowyoba im saarCevno ubnebidan, sadac kenWs iyridnen stalini, beria, molotovi, malenkovi da sxva partiuli xelmZRvaneli muSakebi.

amrigad, radioreportaJi, romelic 30-ian wlebSi gamoC-nda saqarTvelos radioSi `aqtualuri gadacemebis~ saxiT, 40-50-wlebSi Camoyalibda radios sainformacio mauwyeblobis erT-erT ZiriTad Janrad. mas iyenebdnen propagandistul da mxatvrul mauwyeblobaSic. gansakuTrebiT popularuli gax-da sportuli reportaJebi, kerZod ki, fexburTis matCis re-portaJebi, romlebsac 60-ian wlebamde xSirad `translacie-bad~ acxadebdnen. pirvel reportaJs fexburTis stadionidan 1945 wels uZRveboda respublikis damsaxurebuli artisti pi-er kobaxiZe, Semdeg mas mxarSi amoudga vladimer gabelia. mag-ram, SeiZleba iTqvas, es Janri xelovnebis doneze aiyvana le-gendarulma radiokomentatorma da qarTuli Teatris didma moRvawem erosi manjgalaZem. mis debiutad iTvleba reporta-Ji sabWoTa kavSiris Tasze finaluri matCidan Tbilisis `dina-mosa~ da moskovis `spartaks~ Soris, romelic 1946 wlis gvian Semodgomaze gaimarTa moskovSi.

informaciuli mauwyebloba erT-erT mTavar adgils uT-mobda ssrk sagareo politikis gaSuqebas da farTod iyenebda `saerTaSoriso mimoxilvis~ formas. am rubrikiT gadaicemoda informaciuli SeniSvnebic da, aseve, TandaTanobiT gamoikve-Ta komentaris niSnebic. meti yuradReba mieqca Temis motivi-rebas da mis argumentacias, avtoris Tvalsazrisisa da misi poziciis gamoxatvas, Tumca es pozicia winaswar iyo gansazR-vruli da calmxrivad warmoaCenda ama Tu im saerTaSoriso

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movlenas. aseTi mimoxilvebis mizani iyo kontrpropaganda, socialisturi wyobilebis upiratesobis Cveneba kapitalis-turi cxovrebis wesTan SedarebiT da am ukanasknelis uaryo-fiTi mxareebis gazviadeba. ZiriTadad muq ferebSi ixateboda burJuaziuli samyaro da xSir SemTxvevaSi radio dezinforma-ciis wyaroc iyo. iqmneboda egreT wodebuli `mtris xati~ da-savleTis saxelmwifoebis saxiT. eTeri daundobeli ideolo-giuri brZolis asparezad iyo qceuli. 40-iani wlebis meore naxevridan `socialisturi banaki~ TandaTan `rkinis fardiT~ gamoeyo danarCen samyaros.

`Cven kargad viciT, rom imperialistebi aCaReben sisxlian oms. maT surT xanZari daanTon mTel msoflioSi, magram Cven ar gveSinia maTi xrikebisa da muqarisa. araviTar Zalas ar Se-uZlia SeaCeros sabWoTa xalxis winsvla komunizmis naTeli mwvervalebisaken~.1 `kapitalisturi gadmonaSTi es aris ker-ZomesakuTruli Sexeduleba, egoizmi, Sovinizmi, rasuli si-Zulvili, religiuri crurwmena da rwmena~,2 — aseTi paTosi wiTeli xaziviT gasdevda ara marto `saerTaSoriso mimoxil-vis~ masalebs, aramed zogadad radiogadacemebs. zogierTi ga-dacemis toni Jurnalisturi eTikis normebsac scildeboda da eTeridan Seuracxmyofeli gamonaTqvamebi ismoda: `maxinji CerCili~, `yviTeli gvelebi~, `sisxlismsmeli kapitalistebi~ da a.S. yovelive amis sapirispirod radio xotba-didebas ar iSurebda socialisturi sistemisa da saxalxo demokratiis qveynebis mimarT da cdilobda, rac SeiZleba `vardisfrad~ warmoesaxa iq mimdinare movlenebi.

1950 wlidan sainformacio mauwyeblobis muSaoba gaumjo-besda da rogorc saangariSo moxsenebebSia aRniSnuli, `gar-daiqmna `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ informaciis miwodebis for-ma. redaqciam gadauxvia arsebul tradicias, Semofargluli-yo mxolod ssrk depeSaTa saagentos masalebiT da Tbilissa da moskovs Soris regularuli aviakavSiris damyarebis wya-lobiT SesaZlebeli gaxda centraluri gazeTebis gamosvlis dResve an meore diliT, `pravdisa~ da `izvestiis~ miRebisTa-

1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978. aR. I, saq. 189, gv. 39. 2 iqve, saq. 108, gv. 10.

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nave, saintereso informaciis amorCeva, romelic ar iyo ssrk depeSaTa saagentos mier miwodebul masalebSi, operatiulad eTargmna da gadaeca~.1 aseve, radio saerTaSoriso ambebis wya-rod iyenebda sxva centraluri gazeTebis — `trudis~, `komso-molskaia pravdasa~ da `literaturnaia gazetas~ masalebs, ra-mac ucxoeTis informacia ufro mravalferovani gaxada da radioauditoriac gaafarTova. msmeneli radios saSualebiT ufro adre iRebda informacias, vidre gazeTidan.

1950 wlidan saerTaSoriso mimoxilvebi gadaicemoda yo-veldRe. igi iwyeboda saxalxo demokratiis qveynebis — Cine-Tisa da koreis ambebiT, mas mohyveboda aRmosavleT evropis saxalxo demokratiuli qveynebis cxovrebis amsaxveli infor-maciebi da bolos gadaicemoda kritikuli masalebi kapita-listuri qveynebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. rogorc radiokomi-tetis saangariSo moxsenebebSia aRniSnuli: `1951 wlis I naxe-varSi komitetma gamoiyena 14.000 informacia, maT Soris 400-ze meti saerTaSoriso Temaze~.2 Tumca aqve isic unda iTqvas, rom radios jer kidev ar hyavda profesionali saerTaSoriso mimomxilvelebi.

samwuxarod, `ukanasknel cnobebSi~ maincdamainc ver dam-kvidrda iseTi radiogenuri Janri, rogoric interviua. mas xSirad mimarTavdnen Jurnalistebi sxvadasxva gadacemebSi, rogorc radioJanrebis Semadgenel elements, magaliTad, ra-dioreportaJSi, radionarkvevSi Tu radiokorespondenciaSi, magram rogorc damoukidebel radioJanrs, iSviaTad iyenebdnen.

sainformacio mauwyebloba ver daikvexnida geografiuli da Janrobrivi mravalferovnebiTac. informaciebi moklebu-li iyo operatiulobas da lakoniurobas, aseve naklebad Suq-deboda maRalmTiani raionebis cxovreba. `Statis korespon-dentebi honoraris gamo akeTeben masalebs da sxvas ar avale-ben. amitom xSirad uyuradRebod rCebaT respublikis mniSvne-lovani movlenebi, naklebad izidaven sabWoTa, profkavSi-rul, xelovnebisa da kulturis muSakebs~,3 — aRiniSneboda sa-

1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978. aR. I, saq. 105, gv. 33. 2 iqve. 3 iqve, saq. 174, gv. 245.

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redaqcio oqmebSi. aseve xazgasmiT iyo miTiTebuli, rom `uka-nasknel cnobebSi~ gansakuTrebuli adgili eTmoba warmoebas, magram meore mxare ki daviwyebulia: TiTqmis ar gadaicema ma-salebi yofa-cxovrebaze, mSromelTa materialuri mdgomare-obis gaumjobesebaze, maT kulturul aRzrdaze. Zalian iSvia-Tia masalebi sazogadoebriv kvebaze, vaWrobaze, kulturul dasvenebaze. aseve kargad Suqdeba soflis meurneobis muSakTa Sroma, magram kolmeurneTa cxovreba — naklebad~.1 aqve radi-os komunisturi propagandis araefeqtur warmarTvaSic ada-naSaulebdnen, rom `naklebad Suqdeba komunisturi mSeneblo-bebi sabWoTa kavSiris cxovrebaze. gasuli wlis dekembrisa da ama wlis ianvarSi gadaica mxolod 20 informacia. Zalian cota masalaa kuibiSevisa da stalingradis hesebis mSeneblobaze. aris zogjer iseTi gamoSveba, sadac sityva ar aris ssrk cxov-rebaze. zogjer meorexarisxovani masala gadaicema pirvel rigSi~,2 — aseTi sayvedurebi zemdgomi instanciebisadmi maa-meblobiT iyo gamowveuli da xSirad sinamdviles arc Seefe-reboda. Tu samauwyeblo bades gadavxedavT, cxadi gaxdeba, rom sakavSiro radios gadacemebsa da respublikis farglebs gareT mimdinare movlenebis amsaxvel masalebs saqarTvelos radioSi ufro meti adgili ekava, vidre Sinaur cxovrebas.

amas isic unda davumatoT, rom 1946 wlis martis Tvidan mTeli sabWoTa kavSiris teritoriaze, yvela respublikasa Tu avtonomiur warmonaqmnSi translirdeboda sakavSiro radios yovelkvireuli naxevarsaaTiani sainformacio programa `kvi-ris axali ambebi~. centraluri radiogadacemebis CarTvas ad-gilobriv programebSi iZulebiTi xasiaTi hqonda da ganpiro-bebuli iyo ara imdenad saWiroebiT, ramdenadac politikuri miznebiTa da daniSnulebiT.

sainformacio samsaxurs evaleboda agreTve centraluri da respublikuri gazeTebis mimoxilva, romelic mxolod da-beWdili masalebis mSrali CamonaTvali iyo.

sistematurad gadaicemoda `Tbilisis axali ambebi~ qala-qis satranslacio qseliT. ZiriTadad es iyo informaciebi qa-

1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978. aR. I, saq. 186, gv. 153. 2 iqve.

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laqis partiul, komkavSirul, kulturul, saganmanaTleblo, savaWro organizaciebisa da dawesebulebebis miRweva-naklo-vanebebze. xandaxan gamoereoda mamxilebeli, kritikuli masa-lebic, umetesad sayofacxovrebo Temebze. xSirad, `Tbilisis axal ambebSi~ wamoWrili sakiTxebi farTo gamoxmaurebis saga-nic gamxdara da maTi wyalobiT araerTi yofiTi problema mogvarebula.

rogorc zemoTqmulidan Cans, sainformacio gamoSvebebi radiomauwyeblobis yvelaze gavrcelebuli forma iyo da mas-Si didi yuradReba eniWeboda socialur da politikur in-formacias, romelsac ideologiuri datvirTva gaaCnda da mkacr cenzuras eqvemdebareboda. aseT pirobebSi, bunebrivia, saqarTvelos radio ver iqneboda sruluflebiani ganmgebeli informaciisa da Tavis mTavar daniSnulebas — informaciul funqcias nawilobriv Tu asrulebda. qarTveli msmeneli ver iRebda obieqtur da srulfasovan informacias qveyanaSi da mis farglebs gareT mimdinare movlenebze. yvela faqti da movlena, romelic xelisuflebisTvis arasasurveli iyo, sain-formacio saSualebebisTvis arc arsebobda. ase magaliTad, radios arc erTi sityva ar uTqvams 1956 wlis martSi stali-nis pirovnebis kultis kritikis sawinaaRmdegod TbilisSi axalgazrdobis masobriv gamosvlebze (rac arsebiTad erov-nuli Tavmoyvareobis dacva ufro iyo), romelic samxedro Za-lebis gamoyenebiT CaaxSes da sakmao msxverplic mohyva. xolo imisTvis, rom sabWoTa msmenels ar hqonoda raime alternati-ul informaciaSi gansxvavebuli azris gacnobis saSualeba, mTeli sabWoTa kavSiris teritoriaze sistematurad axSob-dnen `radiosadgur Tavisuflebis~, `amerikis xmis~, `germanu-li talRisa~ da bevri sxva ucxouri radiosadguris gadace-mebs (rac, albaT, aranakleb saxsrebs moiTxovda, vidre Tvi-Ton maTi momzadeba).

saqarTvelos radiomauwyeblobis xerxemals warmoadgen-da propagandistuli mauwyebloba, romlis daniSnuleba iyo mieCqmala winaaRmdegobebiT aRsavse sabWoTa sinamdvilis re-aluri arsi da Seeqmna sazogadoebrivi azri msoflioSi yve-laze demokratiuli da samarTliani saxelmwifos — sabWoTa kavSiris uZlevelobis Sesaxeb. aseT masalebs socialur-aR-

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mzrdelobiTi funqcia ekisreboda da adamianis cnobierebis siRrmiseul fenebze zemoqmedebisaTvis iyo gamiznuli. radio meTodurad axorcielebda kompartiis politikur-ideolo-giur kurss, sxvadasxva Jurnalisturi formebiT klasobrivi poziciebidan ganmartavda mas da cdilobda am Tvalsazrisis WeSmaritebaSi msmenelis darwmunebas, rasac nawilobriv aR-wevda kidec.

`brZola kapitalizmsa da socializms Soris midis ara marto ekonomikisa da politikis sferoSi, aramed ideologi-is frontzec. kapitalistebi cdiloben moaxvion msoflios TavianTi mgluri ideologia, romelic dafuZnebulia sxva xalxebis damonebasa da dakabalebaze. aseT pirobebSi didi Za-laa marqsizm-leninizmis ideebis propaganda, Cveni mowinave ideologiis propaganda. swored aseTi mZlavri saSualeba aris umanZilo da uqaRaldo gazeTi. saqarTvelos radiokomi-teti ganuxrelad axorcielebs am amocanis Sesrulebas~1 — aseTi suliskveTebiT iyo STagonebuli radios propagandis-tuli mauwyeblobis mTeli saqmianoba.

saqarTvelos radiomauwyeblobis propagandis redaqcia, erTi mxriv, farTod aSuqebda socialisturi mSeneblobis Te-oriul sakiTxebs, rasac socialur-aRmzrdelobiTi daniSnu-leba hqonda, da, meore mxriv, axali xuTwliani gegmebis Sede-gebis CvenebiT, teqnikisa da mecnierebis miRwevebis popula-rizaciiT xels uwyobda partiisa da xelisuflebis mier dasa-xuli ekonomikuri politikis praqtikul realizacias.

amasTan, Tu omamdel periodSi radios saganmanaTleblo daniSnuleba ZiriTadad muSur-glexuri auditoriis ganviTa-rebas isaxavda miznad, omis Semdgom sazogadoebis ganaTlebis done SedarebiT amaRlda da igi sxvadasxva asakisa da jgufis adamianebis interesebs daukavSirda. upirveles yovlisa, ra-dios funqcia ganisazRvreboda mTavrobisa da partiis mier dasaxuli amocanebis farTo axsna-ganmartebiT, ris safuZ-velsac marqsizm-leninizmis moZRvreba warmoadgenda. amitom yuradReba gamaxvilebuli iyo marqsizm-leninizmis klasikos-Ta nawarmoebTa popularizaciaze. wlebis ganmavlobaSi eTer-


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Si JRerda gadacemaTa cikli `marqsizm-leninizmis Teoriis SemswavlelTa dasaxmareblad~, sadac leqciebisa Tu saubre-bis formiT Suqdeboda Temebi socialisturi revoluciis wa-namZRvrebze, proletariatis diqtaturaze, kapitalizmidan socializmze gadasvlis kanonzomierebebze da a.S. kviraSi er-Txel dagegmili iyo ciklebi `istmatis da diamatis Semswav-lelTa dasaxmareblad~ da `politskolebis msmenelTa dasax-mareblad~. eTerSi sistematurad ismoda Teoriuli xasiaTis gadacemebi: `ssrk saxelmwifo wyoba~, `darCeba Tu ara saxel-mwifo komunizmis dros~, `Sroma komunistur sazogadoebaSi~ da a.S. amis paralelurad, ra Tqma unda, radioprogramebis mudmivi Temebi iyo mowinave saamqroebis, ubnebis, muSaTa da komkavSiruli brigadebis gamocdilebis Cveneba, maTi Tavdau-zogavi brZola gegmebis SesrulebisaTvis, mowinave teqnikisa da ekonomikis miRwevebis danergva sawarmoebSi da sxv.

radios propagandistuli mauwyeblobis upirveles mova-leobas warmoadgenda partiisa da mTavrobis dadgenilebebisa da sxva dokumentebis gavrceleba farTo masebSi: yoveli axa-li samTavrobo dadgenileba Tu yrilobis masalebi, sxdomis angariSebi da oqmebi operatiulad iTargmneboda da gadaice-moda qarTul enaze. eTeri gadatvirTuli iyo uamravi masa-liT partiuli, profkavSiruli, komkavSiruli Tu sxva orga-nizaciebis sxvadasxva RonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb. praqtikaSi dai-nerga am dokumentebis ganmarteba, maTi mniSvnelobis propa-ganda koleqtiuri gamoxmaurebebis formiT, sadac aucileb-lad unda dafiqsirebuliyo mSromelebis mowoneba da aR-frTovaneba.

radio sistematurad ukveTavda respublikis sxvadasxva raionebis partiuli komitetebis mdivnebs, adgilobrivi sab-Woebis aRmaskomis Tavmjdomareebs, ministrebsa da sxva Tanam-debobis pirebs masalebs, sadac gaSuqebuli unda yofiliyo adgilobrivi xelisuflebis organoebis saqmianoba da maTi roli socialistur mSeneblobaSi. TiTqmis yvela raionis xelmZRvaneli gamodioda mikrofonTan aseTi saubriT.

didi yuradReba eqceoda adgilobrivi radiokvanZebis mu-Saobas, regionuli radiomauwyeblobis ganviTarebas. `Zireu-li gadacemebi~, rogorc maSin uwodebdnen, ewyoboda ara mar-

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to did qalaqebSi, aramed raionul centrebSic. radiokomi-tetSi ukve 30-iani wlebis meore naxevridan arsebobda Zireul gadacemaTa seqtori, xolo 40-iani wlebidan erTxans komite-tis Tavmjdomares specialuri moadgilec ki hyavda adgilob-rivi mauwyeblobis dargSi (1943-1952 wlebSi es Tanamdeboba vaxtang ZamaSvils ekava).

gansakuTrebiT mobilizebuli iyo radio arCevnebis peri-odSi da specialur gegmas adgenda mis gasaSuqeblad. yoveli arCevnebis dros meordeboda ciklebi: `deputati xalxis msa-xuria~, `konsultaciebi amomrCevlebs~, `amomrCevelTa dasax-mareblad~. 1950 wlidan damkvidrda axali cikli `amomrCevel-Ta werilebi TavianT kandidatebze~. saarCevno kampaniis win didi muSaoba CaRdeboda burJuaziul samyaros winaaRmdeg da farTo asparezi eZleoda iseT masalebs, sadac gakritikebuli iyo kapitalisturi qveynebis, gansakuTrebiT ki amerikis Seer-Tebuli Statebis, inglisisa da safrangeTis saarCevno siste-mebi. gadaicemoda saubrebi saTaurebiT: `rogor irCeven aSS-Si xelisuflebis adgilobriv organoebs~, `vis emsaxurebian aSS-Si demokratiuli da respublikuri partiebi~, `TurqeTis glexobis dabeCavebuli mdgomareoba~ da sxva. xolo, maT sapi-rispirod, gadaicemoda: `sabWoTa saxelmwifo — axali umaR-lesi tipis saxelmwifo~, `sabWoTa saarCevno sistema yvelaze demokratiulia msoflioSi~, `sabWoTa moqalaqeebis ZiriTadi ufleba-movaleobani~ da sxv. informaciis yvelaze masobrivi saSualeba yvelafers akeTebda, rom totalitaruli saxel-mwifo demokratiul qveynad warmoesaxa.

saqarTvelos radio did adgils uTmobda mowinave gamoc-dilebisa da agronomiul mecnierebaTa miRwevebis propagan-das, sabWoTa meurneobebisa da kolmeurneobebis warmatebebis gaSuqebas. aq gamoiyeneboda umetesad adgilobrivi masala da `sakavSiro radiokomitetis gadacemebis wili masSi mxolod 20%-s Seadgenda. es gadacemebi mzaddeboda saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis saministros sasoflo-sameurneo propa-gandis ganyofilebasTan mWidro kavSirSi~.1 eTerSi sistema-turad ganixileboda saagitacio muSaoba soflad, sakolme-


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urneo mSeneblobebi, saxelmwifo valdebulebaTa Sesruleba, agroteqnikis danergva, miCurinuli swavleba da sxv. didi sa-soflo-sameurneo kampaniebis dros, `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ gamoSvebebSi gadaicemoda informaciebi warmatebebis Sesaxeb da xSirad mTeli sainformacio gamoSveba eZRvneboda ama Tu im raionisa Tu romelime dargis muSakTa miRwevebs. xuT dReSi erTxel gadaicemoda informaciebi sasoflo-sameurneo samu-SaoTa mimdinareobis Sesaxeb, romlebic Sedgenili iyo `sof-lis meurneobis saministros operatiuli cnobebis mixedviT da aseve saqdesidan miRebuli masalebis safuZvelze~.1 sxvaTa Soris, xSirad saqdesidan mowodebuli informaciebi ufro ma-Rali profesiuli doniT gamoirCeoda, vidre TviT redaqciis mier momzadebuli masalebi.

1950 wlis bolos, ssrk ministrTa sabWos mier miRebulma dadgenilebebma, romlebmac gansazRvres soflis meurneobis grZelvadiani ganviTarebis programa, seriozuli amocanebi daakisra radiomauwyeblobas da gansakuTrebiT, soflis me-urneobis redaqcias. respublikis sakuTari puriT uzrunvel-yofis, Caisa da mecxoveleobis warmoebis gegmebis propagan-dam ZiriTadi adgili daikava radioprogramebSi. soflis me-urneobis redaqciam muSaobaSi aqtiurad Caaba sasoflo-same-urneo institutis, samecniero-kvleviTi institutebis, sxva-dasxva raionebis soflis meurneobis dargis specialistebi, mts-is muSakebi. sistematurad gadaicemoda masalebi rubri-kebiT: `agronomis rCeva-darigebani~, `zooteqnikosis rCeva-ni~, romlebic, Cveulebriv, win uswrebda morigi kampaniebis dawyebas soflad. es iyo Teoriuli xasiaTis masalebi, ufro sworad, soflis meurneobis muSakTaTvis gankuTvnili kon-sultaciebi. amaze saTaurebic metyvelebs: `saTesle karto-filis Senaxva zamTarSi~, `rogor movuaroT naTesebs~, `sasu-qis gamoyenebis da Senaxvis wesi~, `rogor movuaroT batkans dabadebis pirvel dReebSi~ da a.S.

amave wlidan soflis meurneobis redaqciam daiwyo gada-cemaTa cikli `msoflios rukasTan~, sadac gadaicemoda saub-rebi sxvadasxva qveynis soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis per-


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speqtivebze. gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis centrSi iyo saxal-xo demokratiis qveynebis, kerZod, koreisa da CineTis saxalxo meurneobis mdgomareoba, maTi mSromelebis cxovrebis gaSu-qeba. am masalebs sakavSiro radiokomiteti gzavnida.

soflis meurneobis sakiTxebis paralelurad gaumjobes-da mrewvelobisa da transportis sakiTxebis gaSuqeba. jer ki-dev 1946 wlis radiokomitetis recenziaSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom `mrewvelobis sakiTxebze komiteti ver akmayofilebs msmenelTa moTxovnebs, arc ki arsebobs iseTi ganyofileba, rogoricaa `samrewvelo Temebi~ an `mrewvelobis muSakTaT-vis~, rogorc Cans, komitetis partiuli organizacia saTana-do yuradRebas ver uTmobs mSromelTa, specialistTa mobi-lizaciaSi im amocanebis gadaWras, rac dgas respublikis mrewvelobis winaSe~.1 1951 wlis seqtemberSi Seiqmna mrewve-lobisa da transportis redaqcia da radioprogramebSi mrew-velobisa da transportis Tematikas sistemuri xasiaTi mieca.

soflis meurneobisa da mrewvelobis muSakebis SromiT warmatebebs sistematur popularizacias uwevda gadacemaTa ciklebi `mowinave gamocdilebis tribuna~ da `socialisturi Sejibrebis dRiuri~, sadac mudmivad gamodiodnen mikrofon-Tan damkvreluri Sromis mowinaveni da auditorias paTetiku-ri da `amaRlebuli~ teqstiT uziarebdnen, Tu ra meTodebiTa da xerxebiT aRwevdnen warmatebebs. eTerSi ismoda: `rogor mivaRwie simindis uxvi mosavlis moyvanas — socialisturi Sromis gmiris Zuku rogavas gamosvla~, `Cemi gamocdileba Saq-ris Warxlis aRebaSi — mergolur maria maradaSvilis gamos-vla~, `meabreSume lola kobaxiZis saubari Tanamosaqme meabre-Sume qalebTan~ da a.S. `1949 wlis II naxevarSi mikrofonTan ga-mocdilebis gaziarebiT gamovida 5 socialisturi Sromis gmi-ri da 116 mts-is direqtori da sabWoTa meurneobisa da kolme-urneobis Tavmjdomare~,2 — aRiniSneboda saangariSo moxsene-baSi. aseT gamosvlebSi uSualoba da gulwrfeloba naklebad igrZnoboda da ufro xSirad, maRalfardovani, mSromeli ada-mianisaTvis Seuferebeli metyvelebiT xasiaTdeboda.

1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. I, saq. 186, gv. 144. 2 iqve, saq. 102, gv. 73.

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yoveldRe 30 wuTi eTmoboda mecnierebisa da teqnikis miRwevebis propagandas. garda Targmnili masalebisa, gadai-cemoda respublikis wamyvani mecnierebis, kvleviTi institu-tebis direqtorebisa da TanamSromlebis radiosaubrebi. di-di mniSvneloba eniWeboda antireligiur propagandas.

saqarTvelos radio farTod iyenebda samecniero-popu-laruli broSurebidan, aseve sakavSiro Tu respublikuri Jurnal-gazeTebidan amokrefil masalebs da maTi montaJis safuZvelze amzadebda egreT wodebul `kompilaciebs~, rom-lebSic dasaxelebuli iyo wyaroebic. calkeul masalaSi ume-tesad erTi wyaro gamoiyeneboda. magaliTad: `gakeTebulia k.f. filimonovis broSuridan~, an `gakeTebulia `socialisti-Ceskoe zemledeliedan~ da a.S. aseTi kompilaciebi gadaicemo-da 1945-1949 wlebSi da maTSi, Cveulebriv, iwereboda honora-ri, rogorc originalur gadacemaSi. am formas yvela redaq-cia iyenebda, magram yvelaze intensiurad soflis meurneobi-sa. TandaTanobiT gamoCnda ukve komentirebuli kompilacie-bi, romelSic masalebi miznobrivad iyo SerCeuli saqarTve-loSi arsebuli problematikis gaTvaliswinebiT da gamokve-Tili iyo avtoris poziciac. am tipis masalebs mxolod radi-oJurnalistebi amzadebdnen (a. qadagiSvili, e. gogiava, a. keke-liZe da sxvebi). am kompilaciebis safuZvelze Camoyalibda ra-diomimoxilvis Janri da 50-iani wlebidan termini `kompilacia~ gaqra programebidan.

40-iani wlebis Suaxanebidan radioprogramebSi damkvid-rda korespondencia, romelSic mTavari iyo faqtebisa Tu movlenebis avtoriseuli analizi. rubrikiT `koresponden-tis naambobi~ soflis meurneobis redaqcia ZiriTadad radio-korespondenciis Janrs mimarTavda da misi moculoba ar aRe-mateboda 4-5 wuTs: `geguTeli axalgazrda kolmeurneebi~, `sofeli kazreTi Zvelad da axla~, `axalgazrda meavtomobi-leebi~, `uxvi mosavlisaTvis brZolaSi~ da a.S. msgavsi saTau-rebiT gadatvirTuli iyo radioeTeri.

mniSvnelovani sasoflo-sameurneo Tu samrewvelo movle-nebis gasaSuqeblad yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneboda radiore-portaJi, romelic Tavdapirvelad, gansakuTrebiT omamdel periodSi translaciebi ufro iyo da radioJurnalistis ro-

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lic naklebad Canda. omis Semdgom, magnitofonis praqtikaSi danergvisa da radios materialur-teqnikuri pirobebis gaum-jobesebis Semdeg, reportaJi-translaciebi gascda lokalur farglebs da misi moqmedebis areali gaxda ara mxolod speq-taklebiviT mowyobili sazeimo RonisZiebebi, aramed Tavad kolmeurneoba Tu sabWoTa meurneoba, sawarmoo-dawesebule-ba Tu mTeli sofeli da raionic. aq radioJurnalistebsac Se-moqmedebiTi unaris gamovlenis meti SesaZlebloba miecaT, movlenaTa uSualo mxilvelebi da Tanamonawileebi Tavadve uZRvebodnen radioreportaJebs da pirdapir eTerSi maT pro-fesiul ostatobaze bevrad iyo damokidebuli `daswrebis efeqtis~ Seqmna da msmenelebis Sesabamisi reaqciis gamowveva. radioreportaJebis qronometraJi xSirad erT saaTsac ki aWarbebda. am mxriv aRsaniSnavia radioreportaJi `ganaxlebu-li mesxeTi ssrk sabWoTa arCevnebis win~, `rusTavis CiraRdnebi~, `Zveli da axali sofeli~ (sofel natanebis magaliTze) da sxv.

radioreportaJis struqtura ZiriTadad erT Sablons emorCileboda. upirveles yovlisa, masSi gaTvaliswinebuli unda yofiliyo monawileTa socialuri da klasobrivi mdgo-mareoba. misi monawile unda yofiliyo glexi da muSa, kolme-urneobis Tavmjdomare Tu sabWoTa meurneobis direqtori, klubis gamge, komkavSiruli Tu partiuli muSakebi da, bolos, `damagvirgvinebeli~ — raikomis mdivnis Semajamebeli azri, romelic aucileblad komunisturi partiisa da sabWoTa xe-lisuflebis samadlobeli sityvebiT unda dasrulebuliyo. aseTi iyo radioreportaJis savaldebulo sqema da xSirad mas Tan axlda simRerebi adgilobrivi TviTmoqmedi koleqtivebis SesrulebiT, rasac saerTo ganwyobileba kidev ufro unda ae-maRlebina.

radioreportaJSi farTod gamoiyeneboda dialogi mov-lenis uSualo monawileebTan, rac met sandoobasa da emociur muxts matebda gadacemas. sailustraciod gamodgeba radio-reportaJi `mikrofoniT lagodexis raionis mSromelebTan~ (avt. e. gogiava. gadaica 1955 wlis 27 noembers).1 Jurnalisti kaxuri `mravalJamieris~ fonze miuyveba `maraosebr gadaS-

1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 294a, gv. 1.

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lil alaznis vels~ da tkbeba kaxeTis mSvenieri bunebiT. `Turme aq yofila cnobili gelaTis saxelis moziare sofeli, me ki es ar vicodi~, — wamoiZaxebs gaocebuli Jurnalisti da Semdeg `wesisamebr~ iwyebs saubars gelaTeli glexis duxWir cxovrebaze revoluciamdel periodSi da romelsac mxolod sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis Semdeg eRirsa bedniereba. Jurnalisti esaubreba glexebs, partiul muSakebs, komkavSir-lebs, raikomis mdivans da gvixatavs gelaTeli mSromelebis cxovrebisa da saqmianobis erT dRes. reportaJSi CarTulia xalxuri leqsebi da simRerebi.

omis Semdgom radiogadacemebis esTetikur samoselze zrunvam didad Seuwyo xeli mxatvrul-publicisturi Janre-bis Camoyalibebas da, kerZod, radionarkvevisa da radiokom-poziciis damkvidrebas, romelsac didi warmatebiT mimarTav-dnen omamdeli periodis rogorc mxatvruli, ise sazogadoeb-riv-politikuri redaqciebi. saerTod, radionarkvevis gamo-Cenam saintereso gaxada radio, gantvirTa mZime saubrebisa da Teoriuli sagazeTo statiebisgan, ufro mxatvruli da emo-ciuri elferi mianiWa politikur mauwyeblobasac. Tavdapir-velad, radionarkvevis saxelwodebiT gadaicemoda radiore-portaJic da radiomontaJic, magram 50-ian wlebSi sakavSiro radiokomitetma da, Sesabamisad, respublikurma radioebmac seriozuli yuradReba miaqcies Janrobriv Taviseburebebs, saTanado samecniero literaturac gamoCnda Jurnalistikis dargSi da radioJanrebis specifikac Camoyalibda.

gansakuTrebuli popularoba moipova portretulma ra-dionarkvevma, romelic intensiurad gamoiyeneboda e.w. axali adamianis — sabWoTa cxovrebis mSenebeli adamianis warmosaCe-nad da mtkiced damkvidrda saqarTvelos radios programaSi. 50-iani wlebis radionarkvevebis Seswavla srul warmodgenas gvaZlevs am periodis stereotipebis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor iqmne-boda, iZerweboda axali adamiani, axali drois gmiri da rogor yalibdeboda sabWouri miTebi. sabWoTa radionarkvevis gmiri aucileblad SromiT ferxulSi unda yofiliyo Cabmuli — igi an dazgasTan unda mdgariyo, an mSeneblobaze, an mindorSi muxlCauxrelad eSroma. am mxriv, iSviaTi gamonaklisis garda, yvela narkvevis gmiri TiTqmis erTmaneTs hgavda da ase iqmne-

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boda `SromiT gaumaZRari adamianis tipi~, romelsac piradu-li araferi gaaCnda da mxolod socialisturi saxelmwifos interesebi, komunisturi ideebi asuldgmulebda. aseTi adami-anebis Cveneba zogierT narkvevSi realobis sazRvrebs imde-nad scildeboda, rom komikur elfers iZenda. amis erT-erTi magaliTia radionarkvevi `mTavrobis wevri~ (avtori e. gogia-va, gadaica 1946 w. 8 marts): `CvenSi sityva Cai da misi saxeli erTad warmoiTqmis. TiTqos Cais buCqi da igi erT dRes daiba-da, ise ganuyofelia erTmaneTisagan Cais buCqis davaJkaceba da adamianis zrda. SeiZleba misnobad miviCnioT Cais buCqisa da adamianis megobroba, magram ucxoeTidan gadmonergilma Cais buCqma da zugdidelma qsenia sarsaniam ise Seicnes da Se-iyvares erTmaneTi, rom maTi damokidebuleba uaxloes naTesa-ur urTierTobas mogvagonebs~.1 Cais buCqze Seyvarebulma qse-nia sarsaniam ki, rogorc narkvevidan Cans, saocari ram SeZlo, socSejibrebaSi gamowveul `luba SengeliasTan Sejibrebisas man 8 kg. Cais foTlis normis nacvlad mokrifa 60 kg. Cais fo-Toli~, xolo `1940 wlis erT dRes imdeni Cai mokrifa, rom mi-si dRiuri Sromis nayofi ver daZra samtonianma avtomanqanam~. saerTod, faqtebis aseTi hiperbolizacia obieqtur sinamdvi-les amaxinjebda da gmiris gaidealebuli saxe yalbad da sasa-cilodac ki warmoCindeboda, magram es dResaa Rimilis gamom-wvevi, maSindel sazogadoebaSi ki, rogorc Cans, sasurvel Se-degsac aRwevda da didi mowonebiTac sargeblobda.

kidev erTi nimuSi aseTi radionarkvevisa, `ordenosani mu-Sa qali elene beriZe~ (avtori v. sirbilaZe, gadaica 1947 wlis 7 marts): `kmayofili elene Sesvenebis Semdeg momRimari ag-rZelebs muSaobas. iRebs papirosebs yuTidan da kolofSi awy-obs. Tvals ver moaswrebT misi TiTebis moZraobas. mere gana Secdeba elene. yovelTvis 25 cal papiross amoiRebs yuTidan da gaavsebs kolofs. misTvis sulerTia, ra xarisxis iqneba pa-pirosi, `niavi~ Tu `lelo~, `rekordi~ Tu `sporti~. igi gama-lebiT awyobs papiross yuTSi da fiqrobs, rom warmatebiT Sexvdes sabWoTa xelisuflebis 25 wlisTavs, ordenic miiRos da axla TavdadebiT unda ibrZolos, rom kvlav warmatebiT

1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 50, gv. 90.

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Sexvdes 8 marts~.1 ai, aseTi `SemoqmedebiTi~ xerxebiT xdeboda pirovnebis portretis Seqmna. im periodis radionarkvevebis kompoziciac TiTqmis erTgvarovani iyo. rogorc wesi, iwyebo-da im saamqrosa Tu kolmeurneobisken mimavali gzis aRweriT, sadac gmiri moqmedebda. zogjer avtors imdenad itacebda ga-remos aRwera, rom gmiris portretis magivrad, maRalfardo-vani winadadebebi da SiSveli cifrebi ismoda eTerSi.

radionarkvevSi ufro xSirad gamoiyeneboda kontrastis meTodi, romelic Zvelisa da axlis dapirispirebaSi vlinde-boda, usixarulo warsuli, revoluciamdeli epoqa da bednie-ri awmyo da momavali — revoluciis monapovari. warsulisadmi uaryofiTi damokidebuleba da Tanamedroveobis gaidealeba xSirad narkvevis gmiris mier iyo gadmocemuli mogonebebis saxiT. magaliTad, a. kekeliZis radionarkvevi `Cvens sofelSi~ (gadaica 1946 w. 2 marts) mTlianad kontrastebzea agebuli: `me aTi wlis viyavi, roca mamaCemma mwyemsad damayena Tavad ami-laxvarTan. umiwobam aiZula mamaCemi ase moqceuliyo. Cvens sofelSi sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebamde 1 590 ha miwa iyo. es cota ar iyo, magram aqedan ZiriTadi nawili ekuTvnoda sam Tavads. sofelSi wera-kiTxvis mcodneni TiTze CamosaT-vlelni iyvnen, glexis Svilebi skolaSi ver dadiodnen, ar hqondaT fexsacmeli, wignebi... axla ki sofelSi 4 saSualo skolaa, Zvelad sofelSi Tu erTi umaRlesdamTavrebuli iyo, axla arian profesorebic, eqimebic, arqiteqtorebic~.2 gmiris xasiaTis gadmosacemad efeqturad miaCndaT paralelizmebisa da asociaciebis siWarbe, romelic kargad Cans, magaliTad, v. Torduas radionarkvevSi `meore eSeloni~ (gadaica 1950 w. 14 dekembers). `me vnaxe igi revolverul dazgasTan muSaobis dros. beriSvilis es raRac enTuziazmiT daxra dazgaze miviC-nie velikie lukisTan daRupuli metyviamfrqvevis kolia simo-novis saqmis gagrZelebad, roca simonovs tyviam komkavSiruli bileTis gavliT gulSi gauara, mis komkavSirul bileTze ewe-ra: `movkvdebi, magram ukan ar davixev~. Zneli saqme iyo uTuod, magram arc komkavSirel beriSvils dauxevia ukan, 23 noembers

1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 50, gv. 86. 2 iqve, gv. 8.

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SromiT frontze aTasi cali WanWiki Caabara samSoblos~.1 radionarkvevSi socialuri movlenis gaxsnisTvis Jurna-

listebi sxvadasxva radioJanrebis elementebsac iyenebdnen, yvelaze metad ki intervius, dialogis formas, rac met dama-jereblobas matebda gadacemas. mas xSirad mimarTavdnen ga-mocdilebis gaziarebisa da SromiTi procesebis aRweris miz-niT. garda dialoguri epizodisa, xSirad mTeli radionarkve-vi dialogis formiT iyo gaazrebuli da uxvad igrZnoboda di-aleqtebisa da kuTxuri metyvelebis siWarbe. aseve, radionar-kvevebis erT-erTi struqturuli elementi iyo avtoris `TviTwarmoCena~, radionarkvevSi Txroba pirvel pirSi mimdi-nareobda da Jurnalists meti saSualeba eZleoda ufro Tavi-suflad da uSualod gamoexata Tavisi damokidebuleba gmiri-sadmi. rac Seexeba finals, igi yovelTvis sadRegrZelosaviT mTavrdeboda da msmenelSi mxolod momavlis rwmena da imedi-ani guneba-ganwyoba unda gamoewvia. mag.: `gaumarjos Cvens sam-Soblos, Cvens sayvarel, Cvens mSobel partias, gaumarjos mSvidobas mTel msoflioSi~,2 an kidev: `miRwevebi, romelic didi stalinis xelmZRvanelobiT movipoveT, yvela mSromels aRafrTovanebs da erTsulovnad vambobT: didxans icocxlos Cvenma mamam da maswavlebelma mSobliurma stalinma. gaumarjos marqsis, leninis, stalinis diad droSas mTels msoflioSi~.3

magram, miuxedavad am naklovanebebisa, radionarkvevis ga-moCenam bevri ram Secvala radioJurnalistikaSi da xatovane-bisa da dokumenturobis Serwymis saSualebiT msmeneli ufro daainteresa da daiaxlova.

omis Semdgom radioSi Zalian popularuli gaxda radio-kompozicia, romelsac safuZveli literaturulma montaJma Cauyara. igi aerTianebda radios yvela gamosaxviT saSualebas — sityvas, musikas, xmaurs da montaJs. gamoikveTa ori saxis radiokompozicia: literaturul-musikaluri, romelic mu-sikis, leqsebis, zogjer ki sxva mxatvruli teqstis monacvle-obiT emociuri mosasmeni iyo da mxatvrul-dokumenturi ra-

1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 152, gv. 36. 2 iqve, saq. 296, gv. 44. 3 iqve, saq. 11, gv. 5.

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diokompozicia, romelSic dokumentur teqsts mxatvruli elementebic emateboda.

dRes Zneli saTqmelia, rogor JRerda isini eTerSi, rad-gan audioCanawerebi ar SemorCenila. radiokompoziciiT Suq-deboda mniSvnelovani politikuri RonisZiebebi da kampanie-bi, sazeimo TariRebi da iubileebi. mag.: `xma 16 respubliki-dan~, `samxreT oseTi dRes~, `leningradis daarsebis 250 wlis-Tavi~, `rusTavis CiraRdnebi~ da sxv.

radiokompozicias, rogorc wesi, ori diqtori uZRvebo-da, qali da mamakaci, romlebic SenacvlebiT kiTxulobdnen dokumentur teqstsa da leqsebs. mxatvruli nawilis wasa-kiTxad xSirad iwvevdnen msaxiobebsac. aseTi kompoziciebis momzadebaSi radios TiTqmis mTeli SemoqmedebiTi da teqni-kuri personali monawileobda.

Tematuri da Janrobrivi mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeoda mauwyeblobis iseTi forma, rogoric iyo radioJurnali. jer kidev 30-ian wlebSi radiogazeTisa da Semdgom radioJurna-lis gamoCena radioprogramebSi beWduri sityvis gavleniT iyo ganpirobebuli da struqturuladac misi niSnebiT xasi-aTdeboda. orive warmatebiT iyenebda mxatvruli gamosaxvis xerxebsac da mimarTavda gamosaxviTi saSualebebis mravalfe-rovan arsenals.

radioJurnalSi ZiriTadad informaciuli Janrebi gamoi-yeneboda: informaciuli SeniSvna, angariSi, reportaJi, mik-rofonTan gamosvla da mimoxilva. iSviaTad — korespondencia, interviu da Canaxati. radioJurnalis siuJetebs Soris kavSi-ri xorcieldeboda musikaluri tixariT an gongis xmiT. musi-ka ufro ilustraciis funqcias asrulebda da emociur da xa-lisian elfers aniWebda gadacemas. radioJurnalSi xSirad mi-marTavdnen firze Caweras, studiaSi iwvevdnen msaxiobebs, mwerlebsa da momRerlebs.

radioJurnals amzadebdnen rogorc mxatvrul gadacema-Ta, ise politikuri redaqciebi. gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniS-nos `radioJurnali soflis meurneobis muSakTaTvis~, rome-lic mtkice ganrigiT gamoirCeoda da gadaicemoda TveSi er-Txel 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. sailustraciod, Janrobrivi TvalsazrisiT, ganvixiloT erT-erTi radioJurnali `soflis

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meurneobis muSakTaTvis~, romelic 1950 wlis 17 dekembers ga-daica adgilobrivi sabWoebis arCevnebTan dakavSirebiT.

reportaJi — `dila sofel bodoganSi. kolmeurneebi xmas aZleven TavianT kandidatebs~. Canaxati — `revolu-ciamdeli da revoluciisSemdgomi mdgomareoba sof-lad~ (gamoyenebuli iyo kontrastebis meTodi da liri-kuli CanarTebi). korespondencia — `saqarTvelos gle-xoba Zmur ojaxSi~. qarTvel, ukrainel da azerbaijanel kolmeurneTa socialisturi Sejibrebis Sedegebis Se-jameba. wignis mimoxilva — v. beraZis `milioneri kolme-urneoba~. informaciuli SeniSvnebi 1951 wlis kolme-urneTa kalendris pirveli gamocemis Sesaxeb, kolme-urneTa SromiT warmatebebze da kulturul mSeneblo-bebze soflad. sportis ambebi.1

siuJetebs Soris CarTuli iyo simRerebi Sromaze, ukrai-nuli xalxuri simRerebi, leqsebi beriasa da stalinze, bedni-er sabWoeTze da a.S. radioJurnali, garda soflis meurneo-bis sakiTxebisa, glexebs im droisaTvis Sesafer saganmanaT-leblo informaciasac awvdida da maT Tvalsawiersac afar-Toebda, rac soflis mosaxleobaSi gadacemis popularobas da radioauditoriis mravalricxovnebasac ganapirobebda.

omis Semdgom mxatvruli mauwyeblobis profili ganisazR-vra 1946 wlis sakavSiro kp(b) centraluri komitetis 14 agvis-tos dadgenilebiT `Jurnalebis `zvezdisa~ da `leningradis~ Sesaxeb~, sadac am Jurnalebis redaqciebis muSaoba aradamakma-yofileblad iyo Sefasebuli. `uideo da burJuaziuli aris-tokratiuli esTetobisa da dekadentobis poziciebze gayinuli Zveli salonuri poeziis epigonebad~ iyvnen gamocxadebuli Se-saniSnavi mwerlebi mixeil zoSCenko da ana axmatova, romlebsac `ar surT TavianTi xalxis gverdiT iaron da zians ayeneben Cveni axalgazrdobis aRzrdis saqmes~. dadgenilebaSi xazgasmuli iyo, `rom Cveni Jurnalebi unda xelmZRvanelobdnen imiT, rac Sead-gens sabWoTa wyobilebis sasicocxlo safuZvels — politikiT~.2

1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 149, gv. 102. 2 partiuli da sabWoTa beWduri sityvis Sesaxeb, gv. 762.

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aseTi midgoma, ra Tqma unda, vrceldeboda masobrivi in-formaciisa da propagandis yvela saSualebaze da maT Soris radiomauwyeblobazec. aq imasac Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom qarTul literaturas jer kidev ar hqonda moSuSebuli 1937 wlis represiebiT miyenebuli danaklisi da cocxlad darCeni-li bevri TvalsaCino Semoqmedi kvlav CrdilSi iyo darCenili, axalma dadgenilebam, romelic saxelmZRvanelo miTiTeba gax-da saqarTvelos radios mxatvruli gadacemebisaTvis, kidev ufro gaarTula sityvakazmuli mwerlobis mdgomareoba ra-dioSi da erTferovani da daStampuli gaxada radiogadacemebi.

marTalia, radiokomitetis saangariSo moxsenebebsa Tu oqmebSi sagangebo gulmodginebiT aRiniSneboda, rom am dad-genilebam keTilismyofeli gavlena moaxdina literaturul-dramatuli da musikaluri redaqciebis muSaobazeo, magram sinamdvileSi piriqiT xdeboda. saqarTvelos radios mikro-foni mxolod im mwerlebs eTmoboda, romlebic qmnidnen arse-buli wyobilebis sadidebel himnebs, aRfrTovanebiT umRe-rodnen socialisturi qveynis beladebs, sabWoTa cxovrebis `sikeTes~, brZolas gegmebis SesrulebisaTvis, proletarul internacionalizmsa da sabWoTa xalxTa megobrobas. magram isic unda aRiniSnos, rom miuxedavad mkacri sacenzuro piro-bebisa, im periodSi mainc iqmneboda maRali Rirebulebis na-warmoebebi da saqarTvelos radioSic, SeZlebisdagvarad, ma-inc ismoda qarTveli sasiqadulo mwerlebis xma.

radios literaturul-dramatuli redaqciis muSaoba ori kuTxiT warimarTeboda. erTi mxriv, igi mogvevlina ro-gorc xelovnebis gamavrcelebeli da mxatvruli literatu-ris propagandisti — Suamavali msmenelsa da mwerals Soris da misi funqcia gamoixateboda xelovnebis reproduqciiT, me-ore mxriv, man safuZveli Cauyara sakuTar produqciul for-mebs da Seqmna radioxelovneba. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs radioTe-atri, romelic Tavisi gamosaxviTi specifikiT — mxolod bge-radobis gamo — xelovnebis damoukidebel saxeobad Camoya-libda, agreTve nawilobriv zepiri literatura da zogierTi musikalur-literaturuli forma.

omis Semdgom mxatvruli mauwyeblobis yvela saxe aRdga da ganviTarda, ganaxlda zogi tradiciuli forma, Seiqmna

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axalic. gaizarda mxatvruli mauwyeblobis moculobac. 1951 wlis monacemebiT, saSualo dReRamuri mauwyeblobidan, ro-melic 8 saaTsa da 15 wuTs moicavda, oTxi saaTi ekava mxat-vrul gadacemebs.1 faqtobrivad, igi Seadgenda mTeli mauwyeb-lobis TiTqmis naxevars.

mxatvruli mauwyebloba aerTianebda literaturul-dra-matul da musikalur redaqciebs. musikaluri gadacemebi eTerSi gadioda yoveldRe 21.40 — 22.00 saaTebSi, aqedan kvira-Si 2-jer, samSabaTsa da paraskevs gadaicemoda mxatvruli programa rusul enaze saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi sxva erovne-baTa warmomadgenlebisaTvis, romlebsac saSualeba eZleo-daT gacnobodnen rusul enaze Targmnil qarTvel mweralTa nawarmoebebs.

1952 wlis 20 ianvars ssrk ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli sakavSiro radiokomitetis brZanebaSi `radioSi sabWoTa li-teraturisa da dramaturgiis gaZlierebis Sesaxeb~ mkacrad iyo miTiTebuli, rom literaturul-dramatuli mauwyeblo-bis mTavari amocana — es aris mxatvruli literaturis saSua-lebiT propaganda gauwios partiul da sabWoTa politikas, sabWoTa cxovrebis wess, sabWoTa adamianis maRali moraluri da ideuri Rirsebebis warmoCenas~. aqedan gamomdinare, radi-os mxatvruli mauwyeblobis muSaobac eTerSi sabWoTa lite-raturis propagandis gaZlierebiT gamoixata. amas xels isic uwyobda, rom sabWoTa xelisuflebis arsebobis sami aTeuli wlis manZilze sakmao literaturuli memkvidreobac dagro-vebuliyo. omis Semdgom elvis siswrafiT iqmneboda socia-listuri wyobilebisa da misi sulisCamdgmelebis madidebeli nawarmoebebi. swored maT avtorebs eniWebodaT umaRlesi jildoebi da stalinuri premiis laureatobac. maT exsnebo-daT gza presasa da eTerSic. radios literaturul-drama-tul gadacemaTa redaqcia rubrikiT `stalinuri premiis lau-reatebi~ sistematurad uTmobda eTers l. qiaCelis, k. lor-TqifaniZis, g. leoniZis, al. WeiSvilis, s. SanSiaSvilis, s. Ci-qovanisa da sxvaTa Semoqmedebas. aqve isic unda aRiniSnos, rom bevri Semoqmedis da maT Soris g. tabiZis, g. leoniZis, s. Ci-


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qovanis da sxvaTa revoluciamdeli Semoqmedeba saerTod ig-norirebuli iyo, TiTqosda arc ki arsebuliyo. ikrZaleboda sentimentaluri wiaRsvlebi, sevda-kaeSani, pesimizmi. saqar-Tvelos radio dafdafebisa da vaSas Zaxilis tribunad iyo ga-daqceuli, rac bunebrivia, Tavis uaryofiT gavlenas axdenda msmenelis literaturuli gemovnebis Camoyalibebazec.

asrulebda ra Tavis esTetikur funqcias, radios mxat-vrul gadacemaTa redaqcia operatiulad exmianeboda yoveli axali nawarmoebis gamoCenas, Tu igi Seesabameboda socialis-turi realizmis principebs. mravali gadacema mieZRvna sta-linuri premiis laureats al. WeiSvilsa da mis romans `le-los~, romelic sakolmeurneo cxovrebas asaxavda da aR-frTovanebiT uambobda mkiTxvelebs respublikis meCaieebis warmatebebze. aseve didi xmauriT aRiniSna leo qiaCelis ro-manebi `mTis kaci~ da `gvadi bigva~, g. leoniZis `stalini. bav-Svoba da yrmoba~, al. quTaTelis `pirispir~, k. lorTqifani-Zis ìmereTi~ (Semdgom rom `kolxeTis ciskari~ ewoda) da sxv. ganaxlda da ufro daixvewa rubrika `qarTuli klasikuri mem-kvidreoba~. programaSi mudmivi adgili hqonda damkvidrebuli rusTvelis `vefxistyaosnis~ kiTxvas da warmatebiT grZelde-boda 30-ian wlebSi dawyebuli tradicia. bevri axalgazrda mxatvruli kiTxvis ostati warmoaCina radiom.

1948 wels radiom farTod aRniSna aleqsandre yazbegis dabadebis 100 wlisTavi. gadaica saubrebi mis cxovrebasa da moRvaweobaze, rubrikiT `mxatvruli kiTxva~ — nawyvetebi al. yazbegis nawarmoebebidan, moTxrobebis èlberdisa~ da `cici-as~ radioinscenirebebi, rusTavelisa da marjaniSvilis saxe-lobis Teatrebidan `qeTevan wamebulisa~ da `moZRvaris~ translaciebi.

TiTqmis yoveldRe ismoda eTerSi qarTveli klasikosebis nawarmoebebi, magram garkveuli SezRudviT. uxvad gadaicemo-da carizmis mamxilebeli Txzulebebi, magram, sadac Tanamed-roveobisadmi negatiuri qveteqstebi igulisxmeboda, an, ub-ralod, Cinovnikebs ase eCvenebodaT, isini radioprogramebSi adgils ver poulobda. magaliTad, al yazbegis nawarmoebebi montaJdeboda imisda mixedviT, rom àr gaparuliyo~ rusebis kicxva. aseTi iyo egnate ninoSvilis, ilias, akakis da sxvaTa

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nawarmoebebisadmi damokidebuleba. faqtobrivad, qarTuli klasikuri memkvidreoba warmodgenili iyo calmxrivad da tendenciurad. ZiriTadi yuradReba eqceoda nawarmoebTa so-cialur mxares da ikrZaleboda mkveTrad gamoxatuli erov-nuli suliskveTeba, nacionaluri ganwyoba, romelic Soviniz-mTan iyo gaigivebuli.

radioprogramaSi savaldebulo iyo `moZme~ respublike-bis literaturisa da xelovnebis popularizacia internaci-onalizmis ukiduresi gafetiSebiT. umetesad, es Seexeboda azerbaijanisa da somxeTis literaturul cxovrebas. yu-radRebis centrSi ki, upirveles yovlisa, idga rusuli mwer-loba, rogorc klasikuri, ise Tanamedrove, anu sabWoTa mwer-lobis propaganda. sistematurad gadaicemoda a. puSkinis, m. lermontovis, n. gogolis, l. tolstois, vl. maiakovskis, m. gorkisa da sxvaTa nawarmoebebi. saerTod, unda aRiniSnos is uaryofiTi tendencia, romelic yovelgvari rusulis mimarT gadaWarbebul qedis moxraSi vlindeboda. gaidealebuli in-ternacionalizmis xarjze erTob mkrTalad gamoiyureboda qarTuli mwerlobis warsulica da Tanamedroveobac. pirda-pir aRiniSneboda, rom `qarTuli literatura, romelsac mra-valsaukunovani istoria aqvs, Znelad iqceoda savsebiT evro-pis literaturad didi rusi xalxis literaturis daxmarebis gareSe~,1 `dRes sabWoTa literatura ufro popularulia, vidre romelime sxva literatura~.2 arc evropul literatu-ras `eridebodnen~ da saqveynod acxadebdnen `rusul litera-turas msoflio kulturis mwvervalad~ da rom `simRera ro-landze~ uferulia kievis ruseTSi Seqmnil brwyinvale poe-masTan SedarebiT~ (saubaria `igoris laSqrobaze~).3

aseTi pompezuri, SeiZleba iTqvas, yovelgvar zomebs ga-daWarbebuli Sefasebebi ara mxolod omisSemdgomi mxatvru-li mauwyeblobisaTvisaa tipuri, aramed imdroindeli xelov-nebis yvela sferosaTvis da igi sabWoTa saxelmwifos kultu-ruli politikis mTavari mimarTuleba iyo. yvelaferi, rac

1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 298, gv. 17. 2 iqve. 3 iqve, gv. 10.

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rusul da sabWoTa kulturas eZRvneboda, siamovnebiT gadai-cemoda, maSin, roca redaqcia uars ambobda, magaliTad, prog-ramaSi Seetana masala SesaniSnav qarTvel mkvlevarze vaxuSti bagrationze. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo arqivSi daculia sain-tereso masala, romelic TvalnaTliv cxadyofs redaqciis sakmaod mfrTxal, ufro sworad, uprincipo damokidebulebas erovnuli faseulobebisadmi. redaqciaSi g. zardaliSvilis avtorobiT Semosul masalas `vaxuSti bagrationi~ redaqto-ris Semdegi warwera `amSvenebs~: `amx. vaxtang, g. zardaliSvi-lis statia `vaxuSti bagrationi~ mecnieruli kvleviTi weri-lia. avtori ganixilavs vaxuStis mecnierul moRvaweobas, ra naSromebi hqonda, rodis da ramdeni atlasi da ruka Seadgina. miuxedavad imisa, rom statia kargi eniT aris dawerili, ram-denad aris mizanSewonili radioTi misi gadacema, redaqciam ver gadawyvita. gTxovT daskvnas~ (k. egutia). iqvea mTavari re-daqtoris minaweric: `daskvna — geTanxmebiT — 1956~.1 am nimu-Sidanac kargad Cans is SiSnarevi atmosfero, romelic aiZu-lebda radiomuSakebs saqarTvelos istoriuli warsulisa da misi mamuliSvilebis RvawlisaTvis zogjer eWvis TvaliTac ki SeexedaT.

samagierod, radio siamayiT acnobda msmenels vinme al. sulakaZes, rusuli kulturisa da istoriis mkvlevars (avto-ri T. Ciqovani, 1956), romelic saqarTvelodan gahyolia vax-tang meeqvses da peterburgSi samudamod darCenils mTeli Tavisi energia Seulevia rusuli mecnierebisTvis.2

adamianTa cnobierebaSi msoflioSi `yvelaze demokratiu-li da samarTliani saxelmwifos~ stereotipis Seqmnas uwyob-da xels sazRvargareTis literaturuli cxovrebis tenden-ciuri warmoCenac. cikliT `sazRvargareTis progresuli li-teratura~ gadaicemoda im mwerlebis nawarmoebebi, romlebic ideologiuri TvalsazrisiT sabWoTa mTavrobis politikas exmianeboda da sadac naCvenebi iyo sazRvargareTis qveynebis Raribi fenebis mZime socialuri mdgomareoba da protesti ka-pitalisturi sistemis winaaRmdeg.

1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 319, gv. 18. 2 iqve, gv. 42.

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aseTive principiT irCeoda sazRvargareTis klasikis ni-muSebic — a. dodes, u. Seqspiris, j. londonis, g. mopasanisa da sxvaTa nawarmoebebi. aseT pirobebSi, ra Tqma unda, bevri niWi-eri da saqveynod aRiarebuli ucxoeli avtoris saxelic ki ucnobi rCeboda qarTveli msmenelisaTvis.

1949 wlis meore naxevridan daiwyo saxalxo demokratiis qveynebis literaturisa da xelovnebis popularizacia da TveSi erTxel Suqdeboda aq mimdinare literaturuli proce-sebi. mag., `mebrZoli koreis poezia~, `ruminuli poezia~, `Cine-li poetebi~ da a.S. sazRvargareTis literaturis Sesaxeb ma-salebi ZiriTadad sakavSiro radiokomitetidan iyo mowode-buli, romlebic saqarTvelos radioSi iTargmneboda.

radios literaturul-dramatuli gadacemebis mTavari redaqtori 1945-50 wlebSi iyo nikoloz nikolaZe, Semdeg ni-koloz sirbilaZe, xolo 1952 wlidan mwerali Salva amisulaS-vili. aseve sxvadasxva dros aq muSaobdnen: guram buxnikaSvi-li (pasuxismgebeli redaqtori), margalita suxiaSvili (1949 wlidan), ciala yifiani (1952 wlidan), pasuxismgebel redaqto-rad ivlita mesxiSvili (1953-1956 wlebSi) da sxvebi.

mxatvruli literaturis propaganda xorcieldeboda ciklebisa da rubrikebis saSualebiT, romlebsac programaSi mudmivi adgili hqonda daTmobili. msmenelisTvis literatu-ruli nawarmoebis miwodebis erT-erTi popularuli forma iyo `mxatvruli kiTxva~, romelsac mogvianebiT `literatu-ruli kiTxva~ ewoda. eTerSi msaxiobebi kiTxulobdnen nawyve-tebs ama Tu im mwerlis nawarmoebebidan. Tu nawarmoebi gansa-kuTrebuli ideologiuri mniSvnelobisa iyo, igi Tavidan bo-lomde ikiTxeboda eTerSi gagrZelebebiT. magaliTad, ase ga-daica im droisaTvis propagandistuli muxtiT gamorCeuli al. WeiSvilis romani `lelo~, g. leoniZis `stalini. bavSvoba da yrmoba~, aseve `literaturuli kiTxviT~ JRerda eTerSi uklebliv yvela stalinuri premiis laureatis nawarmoebi.

1949 wels eTerSi gamoCnda radioJurnali `literatura da xelovneba~, romlis daniSnuleba iyo warmoeCina respubli-kaSi mimdinare literaturuli Tu kulturuli procesebi. igi msmenelebs awvdida mimoxilvebs axali wignebis, axali Te-atraluri warmodgenebis Sesaxeb, angariSebs sagamofeno dar-

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bazebidan, literaturul kalendars, sxvadasxva informaci-ebs literaturuli Tu Teatraluri movlenebis Sesaxeb ro-gorc qveynis SigniT, ise mis farglebs gareTac.

omis Semdgom radiom axali radioforma SesTavaza audi-torias e.w. radiofilmis saxiT. radiofilms, rogorc dad-gmiT-dokumentur Janrs, xSirad mimarTavdnen jer kidec 30-i-an wlebSi moskoveli da leningradeli radioJurnalistebi. qarTvelma radiomuSakebma ki igi gamoiyenes ara rogorc ra-dioJanri, aramed rogorc radioSi kinoxelovnebis popula-rizaciis erT-erTi saSualeba. `radioSi saukeTeso kinofil-mebis gadacemis sakiTxi didxans rCeboda gadauwyveteli. axla radios informaciis komitetma gamonaxa kinos nawarmoebis popularizaciis Sesaferisi xerxi. qarTul da rusul enebze ukve gadaveciT filmebis `qeTo da kote~, `bednieri Sexvedra~, `poetis akvani~ da sxvaTa montaJebi~.1 faqtobrivad xdeboda filmis `Cveneba~ radioSi da mas ganmartavda diqtori. siste-maturad gadaicemoda yvela is filmi, romelsac uCvenebdnen Tbilisis kinoTeatrebSi. radiofilmebad wodebuli aseTi ti-pis gadacemebi radiomontaJebi iyo da ar gaiazreboda mxat-vrul radioJanrad.

1951 wlidan meti yuradReba mieqca radiogadacemaTa pro-fesiul xarisxs da literaturul damuSavebas. rogorc sare-daqcio moxsenebebSia aRniSnuli, `literaturul-dramatuli redaqciis muSaoba mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda rogorc Tema-tikisa da aqtualobis TvalsazrisiT, ise enobrivi da stilis-turi daxvewis mxrivac. yuradReba mieqca enis siwmindis sa-kiTxebs, daigegma gazrdiliyo klasikosebis — ilias, akakis, i. gogebaSvilis Semoqmedebebisadmi miZRvnili gadacemebis rao-denoba, SemoRebuliyo TveSi erTxel mowinave enaTmecnierTa saubrebi saliteraturo enis siwmindis sakiTxebze~2 da a.S. amave wlidan gamoCnda gadacemaTa cikli `erTiani qarTuli saliteraturo ena~, magram am gadacemebis cikluri xasiaTi xanmokle gamodga da drodadro Tu gaielvebda eTerSi. amave periodSi radioprogramebi Seivso literaturul-kritikuli

1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 141, gv. 60. 2 iqve, saq. 171, gv. 217.

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da bibliografiuli masalebiT. iseve rogorc presaSi, eTer-Sic gaisma mkacri kritika im mwerlebis misamarTiT, romleb-mac socialistur realizms gadauxvies da TavianT Semoqmede-baSi ver dauTmes farTo adgili sabWoTa patriotizms, inter-nacionalizms, kapitalizmis daundobel kritikas, Tanamed-rove muSisa da glexis rolis Cvenebas axali cxovrebis aRmSe-neblobaSi. gadaica kritikuli mimoxilvebi k. gamsaxurdias nawarmoebebis Sesaxeb, sadac igi `aidealebs Zvels da iyenebs arqaul formebs, didi xnidan xmarebidan gamosul sityvebs, rac gaugebaria msmenelebisTvis~.1 `marTalia, qarTuli mwer-loba gaxarebuli amtkicebda, qarTul sabWoTa literatura-Si adgili ar hqonia zoSCenkosebur paskvilebs da axmatovase-bur dacemulobisa da uimedobis gamoxatulebaso, magram es ar kmaroda. kompartiis erTgulebis sabuTad uTuod unda ga-moeZebnaT mweralTa Soris isini, visac kakals daamtvrevdnen Tavze. aseTebic aRmoCndnen k. nadiraZe, k. gamsaxurdia, kbili gakres g. SatberaSvils, ak. beliaSvilsa da sxvebs. skkp daJine-biT moiTxovda, rom sityvakazmuli mwerloba da xelovneba partiuli da klasobrivi yofiliyo~.2 ara marto partiuli Tu dargobrivi presa aWrelda `burJuaziul-nacionalisturi ideologiis tyveobaSi myof mwerlebze~ kritikuli masale-biT, aramed radioSic farTod gamoexmaurnen am Temas. mis pa-ralelurad ki, kidev ufro gaaqtiurda iseTi nawarmoebebis Seqmna da mere maTi popularizacia masobrivi informaciis sa-SualebebiT, romlebic `vardisfrad~ warmosaxavdnen sabWoTa wyobilebas.

radio aqtiurad exmianeboda sabWoTa mweralTa cxovrebi-sa da Semoqmedebis aRmniSvnel umniSvnelo TariRebsac ki — mag., yazaxi poetis jambulis gardacvalebis 3 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili gadacema, m. gorkis gardacvalebis 12 wlisTavi da sxv. radiom farTod gauxsna gza axalgazrda avtorebsac da bevri maTgani pirvelad radios saSualebiT gaicno mkiTxvel-ma. maT Soris x. berulavas poema `rusuli guli~, d. baqraZis `gmirTa sisxliT~, l. avalianis `axali horizonti~ da sxvebi.

1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 174, gv. 280. 2 ak. baqraZe, mwerlobis moTviniereba, Tb., 1990, gv. 132.

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ra Tqma unda, im axalgazrda mwerlebs, romlebic eWvis Tva-liT uyurebdnen socialistur aRmSeneblobas da leninis cnobil Tezas literaturis partiulobis Sesaxeb, arc presa da arc radio wyalobda da bevri saintereso Semoqmedi CrdilSi rCeboda.

mxatvruli mauwyeblobis struqturaSi gafarTovda dra-matuli gadacemebis wili. bunebrivia, dramatuli redaqciis saqmianobac im moTxovnebidan gamomdinareobda, romelsac eq-vemdebareboda Tavad Teatrebis muSaoba. `sabWoTa Teatrs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia Seasrulos Tavisi roli mSro-melTa aRzrdis saqmeSi, Tu igi aqtiuri propagandisti iqneba sabWoTa saxelmwifos politikisa, romelic warmoadgens sab-WoTa wyobilebis sasicocxlo safuZvels~.1 radio operatiu-lad acnobda mravalricxovan auditorias Teatraluri xe-lovnebis yvela nawarmoebs, romelic idgmeboda maSindeli Teatrebis scenebze. TiTqmis ar darCenila arc erTi Teatra-luri warmodgena, romlis pirdapiri translacia eTerSi ar gadacemuliyo. es iyo radios dramatuli redaqciis muSaobis erTi mxare, roca igi mogvevlina Teatraluri xelovnebis po-pularizatorad da romelmac saSualeba misca Teatris moyva-rulebs, `saxlSi daswrebodnen~ speqtaklebs. mravalricxova-ni auditoria hyavda `otelosa~ Tu `uriel akostas~, `Tofia-ni kacisa~ Tu `naperwklidan~ radiotranslaciebs.

meore mxriv, omis Semdgom Teatraluri repertuarebis gazrdam da radios materialur-teqnikuri aRWurvilobis ga-umjobesebam radioprogramebi axali formebiT gaamdidra da scenuri xelovnebis gadatanam firze profesiuli safuZveli Seuqmna erovnuli radioTeatris Camoyalibebas.

`Teatri mikrofonTan~, radiodadgmebi, Teatraluri speqtaklebis montaJebi, radioinscenirebebi — es is Janrob-rivi formebi iyo, romlis safuZvelzec Camoyalibda specifi-kuri xelovneba — radiodramaturgia da radioTeatri. marTa-lia, radioTeatri jer kidev moklebuli iyo originalur ra-diopiesebs, magram Tavis ZiriTad daniSnulebas — axali xe-lovnebis saSualebiT literaturis warmoCenas — igi namdvi-

1 partiuli da sabWoTa beWduri sityvis Sesaxeb, gv. 769.

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lad asrulebda. sistematurad gadaicemoda m. javaxiSvilis `qalis tvirTis~, akakis `baSi-aCukis~, eg. ninoSvilis `gogia uiSvilis~, iv. frankos `erTi konfiskaciis istoriidan~, a. tvar-dovskis `vasili tiorkinis~ da sxvaTa radioinscenirebebi.

Teatraluri xelovnebis propagandaSi didi wvlili Seh-qondaT qarTuli scenis SesaniSnav warmomadgenlebs: v. anja-fariZes, a. vasaZes, a. xoravas, v. goZiaSvils, T. WavWavaZes, p. kobaxiZes da sxvebs. bevrma axalgazrda msaxiobmac mosinja Za-lebi radioSi Tavisi unaris gamosamJRavneblad. radiom didi popularizacia gauwia msaxiobebs, maT pirovnul Tu profesi-ul Rirsebebs. specialuri rubrikiT `qarTuli scenis osta-tebi~ gadaicemoda sxvadasxva Janris masalebi gamoCenili msa-xiobebis cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebaze. amis erT-erTi sauke-Teso nimuSia radiokompozicia `cecilia wuwunava~ (avtori m. cxakaia, gadaica 1954 w. 30 ianvars). gadacema agebuli iyo msa-xiobis dRiuris Canawerebze, romelsac cecilia wuwunava Ta-vadve axmovanebda da ixsenebda pirvel nabijebs Teatrsa da kinoSi, Sexvedras k. marjaniSvilTan, kuriozul epizodebs, rac iumornarev elfers aniWebda gadacemas. masSi originalu-rad iyo CarTuli msaxiobisa da gadacemis avtoris dialogi, romelsac enacvleboda nawyvetebi c. wuwunavas mier ganxor-cielebuli speqtaklebidan. radiokompozicia gamoirCeoda radiogenurobiT da emociurobiT. aseTive gadacemebi mom-zadda v. anjafariZeze, ak. vasaZeze, ak. xoravaze, v. goZiaSvil-ze, al. JorJolianze da sxvebze.

mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi moxda omis Semdgom radios mu-sikalur gadacemaTa redaqciaSic. misi muSaoba sakavSiro kp(b) ck 1948 w. Tebervlis dadgenilebis `v. muradelis operis `dia-di megobrobis~ Sesaxeb~ niSniT warimarTa da, aqedan gamomdi-nare, mniSvnelovnad gaaqtiurda sabWoTa Tematikaze Seqmnili musikaluri nawarmoebebis propaganda. redaqciis oqmebSi xaz-gasmiT aRiniSneboda, rom `am dadgenilebis Semdeg Seiqmna oTxi opera. sami maT Soris sabWoTa Tematikaze~.1

omis Semdgom saqarTvelos radios programebSi mniSvne-lovnad gaizarda sabWoTa da rusuli klasikuri musikis mo-


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culoba. am mxriv, `redaqcias did daxmarebas uwevda sakavSi-ro radiokomiteti, romelic gzavnida meqanikur Canawerebs da samikrofono masalebs~.1 aseT daxmarebas sakavSiro radio-komitetidan ufro miTiTebisa da direqtivis xasiaTi hqonda da, faqtobrivad, igi gansazRvravda saqarTvelos radiop-rogramebis Sinaarssa da moculobas, rasac TviTneburad cvlida, Tu amis saWiroebas dainaxavda. amas mowmobs radioko-mitetis saangariSo moxsenebebic: `roca moskovi iZleva miz-nobriv gadacemas, magaliTad, musikalur-SemecnebiT ciklebs an operis translaciebs da es xdeba Cveulebriv xuTSabaTo-biT, ixsneba yvela adgilobrivi gadacema. paraskevobiT mos-kovi iZleva bavSvebisaTvis axali simReris Seswavlas — am dros Cven vcvliT Cvens gadacemas centraluri mauwyeblobis translaciiT~.2

Tu gadavxedavT 1948 wlis meore naxevris radiokomite-tis saangariSo monacemebs, am xnis manZilze musikaluri re-daqciiT sul gadaica `1130 koncerti, maT Soris, qarTvel kompozitorTa nawarmoebebi: simfoniuri musika — 97 gadace-ma, kameruli — 152, saopero — 62, xalxuri — 132, popularuli — 26. rusi klasikosebis musikaluri nawarmoebebi: simfoniuri — 106, kameruli — 132, saopero — 57, xalxuri — 34, popularuli musika — 20. sabWoTa kompozitorebis (qarTvelebis garda) sim-foniuri — 12, kameruli — 15, saopero — 3, marSebi — 59, opere-ta — 9~.3

1947-1956 wlebSi radios musikalur gadacemaTa samxat-vro xelmZRvaneli iyo kompozitori aleqsandre bukia, rome-lic aseve iTavsebda musikaluri programebis mTavari redaq-ciis mTavari redaqtoris movaleobasac (igi 1932 wels movida maSindel amierkavkasiis radiokomitetSi da ganvlo yvela profesiuli safexuri rigiTi redaqtoridan samxatvro xel-mZRvanelamde). redaqciaSi am periodSo muSaobdnen beso qar-TveliSvili, guliko kacelaSvili, dimitri veCerkovski, gi-orgi arayiSvili, ludi babilua, nikoloz xvitia da sxvebi.

1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 75, gv. 21. 2 iqve, saq. 106, gv. 80. 3 iqve, saq. 75, gv. 22.

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kvlav warmatebiT funqcionirebda radioSi simfoniuri or-kestri S. azmaifaraSvilis diriJorobiT, sagundo kapela g. xa-xanaSvilisa da xalxuri simRerebis ansambli a. megreliZis xelmZRvanelobiT. radios mxatvruli koleqtivebis direq-tori iyo d. veCerkovski, qormeisteri ki vl. babilua. grZel-deboda omamdeli tradicia da radios musikaluri ZalebiT regularulad tardeboda gasvliTi koncertebi sawarmo-dawe-sebulebebSi, kolmeurneobebsa Tu sabWoTa meurneobebSi. isi-ni gamodiodnen mniSvnelovan sazeimo RonisZiebebzec. 1947 wlis meore naxevridan, sakavSiro radiokomitetis miTiTe-biT, xarjebis Semcirebis sababiT, saqarTvelos radiokomi-tetSi Catarda musikaluri ansamblebis Semowmeba, romlis Se-degadac gaanaxevres Statebi, gaaTavisufles bevri solisti da axalgazrda momRerlebiT Secvales.

gafarTovda xalxuri musikis repertuari, radioprogra-mebSi damkvidrda raionuli TviTmoqmedi koleqtivebis Ses-rulebiT xalxuri simRerebis gadacema, ramac sagrZnoblad Seuwyo xeli saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi folkloris aRorZinebas da xalxuri simReris bevri niWieri Semsruleb-lis gamovlenasac.

1949 wlidan eTerSi gamoCnda `mizandasaxuli gadacemebi ganmartebiTurT~, romelsac saganmanaTleblo daniSnuleba hqonda. igi vrcel informacias awvdida msmenelebs nawarmoe-bisa da misi avtoris Sesaxeb da exmareboda nawarmoebis swo-rad gagebasa da musikaluri gemovnebis CamoyalibebaSi. sai-lustraciod ki, gadacemis msvlelobis dros gamoyenebuli iyo musikaluri CanarTebi. aseve, SemecnebiTi xasiaTisa iyo 1952 wlidan sakavSiro radiokomitetis mibaZviT Seqmnili `koncerti-gamocanebi~, romelic msmenelTa werilebis orga-nizaciasac gulisxmobda.

radio farTod uTmobda adgils sxvadasxva Janris — kame-ruli, simfoniuri, saopero, xalxuri — musikaluri xelovne-bis nimuSebs; Sesabamisad, arsebobda rubrikebi `qarTuli ka-meruli musikis koncerti~, `qarTuli popularuli musikis koncerti~, `klasikuri musikis koncerti~ da a.S. ciklebi: `xalxuri simReris ostatebi~, `mxatvruli TviTmoqmedeba mikrofonTan~. praqtikaSi damkvidrda Tematuri koncerte-

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bic, mag., `dekabristebi da rusuli musika~, `Sromis simRere-bi~, `goeTe musikaSi~ `Seqspiri saopero da kamerul musikaSi~ da sxv.

50-ian wlebSi daiwyo musikaluri radiogadacemebis Seq-mna z. faliaSvilze, v. sarajiSvilze, n. sulxaniSvilze, beT-hovenze, mocartze, grigze, borodinze da sxvebze. Tu rogor SemoqmedebiT ZiebebSi iyvnen radios musikaluri redaqciis TanamSromlebi, amaze radiokomitetis maSindeli Tavmjdoma-ris a. kelenjeriZis erT-erTi mogonebac sakmarisia: `radio-gadacemaze `vano sarajiSvili~ muSaobis dros saWiro gaxda didi momRerlis xmis sadari Semsruleblis povna. bevri Zie-bis Semdeg, mivadeqiT maSindel students, Tengiz zaaliSvils, romlis xmis tembri Camohgavda sarajiSvilisas. masTan samu-Saod daviqiraveT nino cercvaZe, romelsac kargad axsovda vanos simReris manera, kilo da garkveuli momzadebis Semdeg, gadacemac moewyo. aRfrTovanebuli msmenelebis werilebs bolo ar uCanda~.1

aseve mniSvnelovani momenti iyo 1952 wlis Semodgomaze skkp me-19 yrilobisaTvis samzadisi, romlisTvisac didi muSa-oba gaswia radiokomitetis maSindelma xelmZRvanelobam. ma-Ti davalebiT `radios musikalur gadacemaTa redaqciam kom-pozitor oTar TaqTaqiSvils specialurad SeukveTa kantanta varlam Jurulis teqstze. yrilobis wina dRes saqarTvelos radiokomitetis simfoniurma orkestrma Cawera es kantanta radiofirze da gadaica yrilobis gaxsnis wina dRes, meore eg-zemplari gaigzavna moskovSi redaqtor dimitri veCerkovskis xeliT da iq yrilobis gaxsnis dRes kantanta sakavSiro radio-Sic aJRerda~.2

radios musikalur redaqciasTan mWidrod TanamSrom-lobdnen qarTveli kompozitorebi, romlebsac xSirad ukve-Tavda radio musikas da pirveli acnobda msmenelebs. magali-Tad, pirvelad Sesrulda radioSi s. cincaZis `sacekvao sui-ta~, al. maWavarianis uvertiura `xalxis rCeuli~, d. SaverzaS-vilis simfoniuri poema `qajeTi~, i. tuskias suita `arsena~ da

1 a. kelenjeriZe, `Rirssaxsovari TariRi~, gaz. `Tbilisi~, 1977, 12.02. 2 iqve.

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sxv. bevri axalgazrda kompozitori Tu momRerali pirvelad swored radiom warmoaCina da popularuli gaxada.

rogorc aRvniSneT, radios literaturul-dramatulma redaqciam jer kidev 30-iani wlebidan farTod miizida mwer-lebis, msaxiobebis, xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargis moRvaweTa mTeli pleada, romlebic pirdapir gadiodnen eTerSi, radgan magnituri Cawera jer kidev ar iyo praqtikaSi danergili. mogvianebiT, roca radiomauwyeblobam ganimtkica materia-lur-teqnikuri baza, dRis wesrigSi dadga unikaluri Canawe-rebis dacvisa da Senaxvis sakiTxi. ase daibada saqarTvelos iSviaT CanawerTa fondi, romelsac figurulad `oqros fon-dsac~ uwodebdnen, imdenad mniSvnelovania masSi daculi Cana-werebis Rirebuleba. igi qarTveli eris saganZurs ganekuTvneba.

iSviaT CanawerTa fondis Seqmnaze zrunva iwyeba ormocia-ni wlebis Suaxanebidan uSualod mxatvruli mauwyeblobis ma-Sindeli xelmZRvanelis akaki ZiZigurisa da literaturuli redaqtorebis iniciativiT. pirveli Cawera magnitofirze ra-diosTvis ganxorcielda 1946 wels uSangi CxeiZis monawileo-biT da mis binaSi, radgan avadmyofobis gamo msaxiobi gareT ver gamodioda. im periodSi komitetSi 2 axali radioaparati `dnepri~ miiRes, erTi maTgani u. CxeiZes daudges binaSi, mis das, nino CxeiZes aswavles Caweris teqnika da 1946 wlis 14 ma-iss Caweres pirveli safondo firi, Seqspiris `hamleti~. mas mohyva scenebi guckovis `uriel akostadan~ (1947 weli), Sem-deg d. kldiaSvilis `samaniSvilis dedinacvalidan~ da `daris-panis gasaWiridan~, p. kakabaZis `yvaryvare TuTaberidan~. am Cawerisas msaxiobis binaSi mivida speqtaklSi monawile mTeli dasi da Teatraluri kostiumebiT radios mikrofonTan gaTa-maSda scena. aseve, u. CxeiZem, rogorc mxatvruli kiTxvis os-tatma, 1948 wels brwyinvaled Cawera `balada vefxisa da moy-misa~, vaJas `baxtrioni~, `xmlis Civili~, `bakuri~, ilias `niko-looz gostaSabiSvili~, `muxranuli balada~. 1951 wels ki ra-dios iSviaT CanawerTa fondis kuTvnileba gaxda s. Ciqovanis `simRera daviT guramiSvilze~, xolo sicocxlis ukanasknel, 1953 wels, n. baraTaSvilis ori leqsi — `SemoRameba mTawmida-zed~ da `fiqrni mtkvris pirzed~.

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aseve, radios literaturul gadacemaTa redaqciis Tanam-Sromlebis ZalisxmeviT firze iwereboda speqtaklebi scenis ostatebis monawileobiT, xdeboda maTi radiomontaJi, gadai-cemoda eTerSi da bolos, iSviaT CanawerTa fondSi idebda binas. am masalebis TiTqmis ucvleli redaqtori iyo ciala yifiani.

radios òqros fondSi~ inaxeba pirveli satranslacio Ca-naweric. 1947 wels k. marjaniSvilis sax. TeatrSi Catarda elisabed CerqeziSvilis saiubileo saRamo, romlis dasas-ruls warmoadgines avqsenti cagarelis komediis `rac gina-xavs, veRar naxav~ mesame moqmedeba e. CerqeziSvilis monawile-obiT. swored es mesame moqmedeba radios muSakebma transla-ciiT Caweres da STamomavlobas Semounaxes. mas mohyva scenebi `xanumadan~ da zurab antonovis piesidan `mzis dabneleba sa-qarTveloSi~. es Canawerebi Sesrulebulia 1948 wlamde, roca e. CerqeziSvili gardaicvala. dramatul fonds bevri SesaniS-navi Canaweri amSvenebs — g. SavguliZis, v. goZiaSvilis, S. Ram-baSiZis, c. wuwunavas, a. xoravas, a. vasaZisa da sxvaTa xmebi, scenebi speqtaklebidan, radiodadgmebi. swored am fondis Teatralurma Canawerebma misca saSualeba dramatuli redaq-ciis TanamSromlebs wlebis Semdeg SeeqmnaT originaluri ra-diodadgma ùriel akosta~, romelic pirvelad ganxorcielda radioSi k. marjaniSvilis Teatris msaxiobTa ramdenime Tao-bis brwyinvale warmomadgenelTa — uSangi CxeiZis, pier koba-xiZis da iakob tripolskis monawileobiT, xolo ivdiTis rols ucvlelad TamaSobda veriko anjafariZe. 1957-58 wleb-Si radios istoriaSi mniSvnelovani movlena iyo 30-iani wle-bis speqtaklis `rRvevis~ da ànzoris~ aRdgena. maTSi mTavar rols akaki xorava asrulebda.

òqros fondi~ mdidaria sxva unikaluri CanawerebiTac. aq inaxeba didebuli akakis xma, romelic 1914 wliT TariRdeba. faqtobrivad, es aris radios òqros fondis~ uZvelesi Canawe-ri. samwuxarod, cnobili mizezebis gamo, radios fondSi ar aris mixeil javaxiSvilis, tician tabiZis, terenti granelisa da sxvaTa Canawerebi, xolo, rac Seexeba paolo iaSvils, misi xmis Canaweri, mweralTa sakavSiro pirvel yrilobaze warmoT-qmuli leqsi `magida Cemi parnasi~, romelic 1934 wliT TariR-deba, mxolod 80-ian wlebSi aRmoCnda radios òqros fondSi~

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cnobili moRvawis i. andronikovis meSveobiT. radios xSiri stumrebi iyvnen: g. leoniZe, s. SanSiaSvili, k. gamsaxurdia, i. griSaSvili da sxva cnobili mwerlebi, romelTa mravali nawar-moebi, publicisturi werilebi Tu mogonebebi maTive kiTxviT radios iSviaT CanawerTa fondis kuTvnilebaa. samwuxarod, Zalze iSviaTad stumrobda radios galaktioni da yvela is Ca-naweri, romelic radios fondSia daculi, sxvadasxva dros, sxvadasxva RonisZiebebidan Sekrebili masalebis safuZvelze Seiqmna. garda literaturisa da xelovnebis moRvaweebisa, ra-dios iSviaT CanawerTa fondSi inaxeba qarTvel mecnierTa a. Sa-niZis, g. axvledianis, S. nucubiZis, i. vekuas da sxvaTa unikalu-ri Canawerebi. aseve partiuli da sabWoTa xelmZRvanelebis ga-mosvlebi, romlebsac garkveuli istoriuli Rirebuleba aqvT.

omis Semdgom gaumjobesda axalgazrduli da sabavSvo ma-uwyeblobac. aq erTxel kidev unda aRiniSnos, rom gadacemebi axalgazrdobisa da bavSvebisaTvis, faqtobrivad, mauwyeblo-bis orive sferos moicavda — sazogadoebriv - politikursa da mxatvrul programebsac, magram ramdenadac im periodSi mTavari iyo `komunizmis mSenebeli~, politikurad `momzade-buli~ Taobis aRzrda, axalgazrdobisaTvis gankuTvnili ga-dacemebi umetesad sazogadoebriv-politikuri xasiaTisa iyo, xolo sabavSvo programebSi, piriqiT, Warbobda mxatvruli ga-dacemebi da mas komitetis yvela dokumentSi, mxatvrul ma-uwyeblobaSi moixseniebdnen.

gadacemebi axalgazrdobisaTvis dagegmili iyo kviraSi samjer. aqedan oTxSabaTobiT gadaicemoda axalgazrduli ga-zeTebis mimoxilva, ewyoboda axalgazrduli gadacemebis translacia moskovidan da literaturuli gadacemebi speci-alurad axalgazrdebisaTvis. `1950 wlis meore naxevridan ga-dacemebi axalgazrdobisaTvis 2-jer gaizarda. samjer kviraSi gadaicema narkvevi, saubari, reportaJi, respublikuri gaze-Tis mimoxilvebi. gadacemebi iwyeba 19 saaTze da 14 wuTiania~.1 gadacemis Tematikac mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeoda: axal-gazrdobis politikur-ideuri aRzrda; komkavSiris roli swavlasa da SromaSi; kolmeurne axalgazrdobis warmatebani;


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sabWoTa patriotizmis propaganda axalgazrdebs Soris; axal-gazrdoba SromiT vaxtze, maTi monawileoba xuTwliani gegme-bis ganxorcielebaSi; ucxoeli axalgazrdebis cxovreba; stu-dentobisa da axalgazrdobis fizikuri aRzrda; mecnierebis, teqnikisa da xelovnebis miRwevaTa propaganda.

gadacemebis ciklebic Sesabamisad jgufdeboda: `soflis mowinave axalgazrdoba~, `saxalxo demokratiis qveynebis axalgazrdoba~, `wigni — Cemi megobari~, `gmiri qalaqebi — omisSemdgom xuTwledSi~ (aq gadaicemoda saubrebi qalaqebis — odesis, sevastopolis, leningradis istoriaze). 14 gadacema daigegma gadacemaTa ciklisTvis `Cveni qveynis dedaqalaqi — moskovi~, aqedan mxolod 4 momzadda.

yoveli kviris xuTSabaTs gadaicemoda masalebi soflis axalgazrdobisaTvis. umetesad aq gamoiyeneboda narkvevis Janri. mag., g. miqelaZis `debi meCaieebis komkavSiruli briga-da~. e. zedginiZis `saqarTvelos beRlebSi — wiTelwyaroeli axalgazrdebi~, d. quTaTelaZis àxalgazrda meCaies gmiruli ojaxi~ da sxvebi.

1949 wels saqarTvelos komkavSiris centraluri komite-tis iniciativiT daiwyo gadacemaTa axali cikli `komunistu-ri morali~, sadac gadaicemoda Semdegi saxis saubrebi: `soci-alizmis dros piradi da sazogadoebrivi interesebis Sexame-ba~, `mamacoba da movaleoba~, `komunisturi moralis ZiriTa-di principebi~ da sxva.

1951 wlidan gaizarda àxalgazrdebisaTvis gankuTvnili gadacemebis xangrZlivoba, daemata axali ciklebi: àxalgaz-rdoba mSvidobisaTvis brZolaSi~, `SeviswavloT mSobliuri mxare~, àxalgazrda ostatebi~ da sxva. ukanaskneli 1 wlis manZilze mikrofonTan gamovida 60-ze meti axalgazrda, rom-lebmac msmenelebs uambes SromiT miRwevebze, warmatebebze~.1 axalgazrduli gadacemebis yuradRebis centrSi gansakuTre-bulad idga komkavSiris da kompartiis axalgazrda wevrebis saqmianoba, muSa komkavSirelis, glexi komkavSirelisa da stu-denti komkavSirelis saxis idealurad warmoCena. xSirad ga-daicemoda saubrebi `rogor gavufrTxildeT komkavSirul

1 gaz. axalgazrda komunisti, 1951, # 56, gv. 3.

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bileTs~, rom igi specialur ujraSi unda inaxebodes sufTad da a.S. aseTi `miamituri~ gadacemebi xSirad ismoda eTerSi, arc komkavSirelTa paTetikuri gamosvlebi aklda radios da, saerTod, didi energia ixarjeboda imis mtkicebaze, rom sab-WoTa axalgazrdebze niWieri da zneobrivi axalgazrdoba msoflios arc erT qveyanaSi ar aris da es yovelive sabWoTa wyobilebis damsaxurebaa. saerTod, axalgazrdobisaTvis gan-kuTvnili radiogadacemebi didad CamorCeboda maSindeli axalgazrdebis ganviTarebis dones, imdenad primitiulad, er-Tferovnad da calmxrivad aSuqebda mraval problemas. masa-laTa umravlesobac presidan da sakavSiro radiodan iyo mi-Rebuli da uxeirod Targmnili. naklebad Suqdeboda kultu-risa da xelovnebis sakiTxebi.

ufro profesiul doneze iyo mauwyebloba bavSvebisaT-vis. sabavSvo gadacemebi, rogorc adre aRvniSneT, gaTvalis-winebuli iyo oTxi asakis jgufisTvis. skolamdeli da umcro-si asakis bavSvebisTvis, romlebmac jer kidev ar icodnen we-ra-kiTxva, dagegmili iyo patar-patara moTxrobebi, zRaprebi, popularuli saubrebi, inscenirebebi, radioreportaJebi sa-bavSvo baRebidan.

mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeoda saSuali da ufrosi asa-kis bavSvebisaTvis gankuTvnili Tematika — saskolo da pione-ruli cxovreba, mxatvruli aRzrda, samecniero-popularuli gadacemebi. maTi gegma saskolo programebis gaTvaliswinebiT dgeboda da misi mizani iyo daxmareboda mozardebs skolaSi miRebuli codnis gafarToebaSi. 1945 wlidan manamde arsebu-li `pioneruli informaciebi~ sakavSiro `pionerskaia zorkas~ analogiiT Camoyalibda ridiogazeTad, romelsac `pionerTa dafioni~ ewoda. igi gadaicemoda yoveldRe 30 wuTis xan-grZlivobiT, xolo kviraobiT mzaddeboda specialuri sakvi-rao gamoSveba. kviraSi orjer gadaicemoda `pionerTa dafio-ni~ rusul enaze. rigiTi `pionerTa dafionis~ erT-erTi ga-moSveba ase gamoiyureba: 1951w. 18 oqtomberi: `norCi lenine-lis mimoxilva~, `norCi korespondentis werili~, `sporti-sa da teqnikis axali ambebi~, `wignis siaxleebi~.1


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`pionerTa dafionis~ sakvirao gamoSveba ufro saintere-sod mzaddeboda da xangrZlivobiT 60 wuTs aRwevda. igi mra-valsiuJetiani iyo, moicavda informaciul SeniSvnebs, radio-reportaJebs, angariSebs, moswavleTa gamosvlebs mikrofon-Tan. didi adgili eTmoboda bavSvTa Semoqmedebas, ardadegeb-ze maT dasvenebasa da garTobas, sportul wvrTnas da a.S. maga-liTad, 31 ianvris sakvirao gamoSveba Semdegi siuJetebisagan Sedgeboda:

`rogor vatarebT zamTris ardadegebs~, `ra mogvimza-des Teatrebma~, `axali sabavSvo simRera~, `norCi deklama-torebis gamosvla mikrofonTan~, `Cveni naZvis xe~.1

sabavSvo gadacemebSi didi yuradReba eqceoda saskolo-aRmzdelobiT muSaobas da, saerTod, radios aRmzdelobiTi funqcia axalgazrdul da sabavSvo programebSi yvelaze ukeT gamovlinda. radiom mTavar miznad daisaxa farTod gaeSuqebi-na moswavleTa Soris Segnebuli disciplinis ganmtkiceba, swavlis stabiluri reJimis SemuSaveba, sabWoTa patriotiz-mis ganviTareba revoluciisa da samamulo omis istoriebis magaliTze. ciklebiT `rogor avirCioT profesia~ da `vin min-da viyo~ sistematurad gamodiodnen mikrofonTan pedagoge-bi, pionerxelmZRvanelebi, saxelmZRvaneloTa avtorebi, war-Cinebuli moswavleebi. am gamosvlebSi Warbobda rCeva-dari-gebebi, mentoruli toni da aseTi gadacemebis koleqtiuri mosmena skolebSi savaldebulod iTvleboda. popularobiT sargeblobda ciklebi `icnobde Sens mxares~ da `giyvardes da Seiswavle Seni mSobliuri mxare~. umetesad gadaicemoda saub-rebi saqarTvelos istoriaze, turistul marSrutebze, res-publikis nakrZalebze... farTo adgili eTmoboda moZme res-publikebis moswavleTa cxovrebas ciklebiT `ssrk-is rukas-Tan~, `megobrebis milocvebi~, `sakavSiro ambebi~. radio popu-larizacias uwevda rusuli enis Seswavlasa da xSirad gaismo-da eTerSi, rom `rusuli ena leninis enaa~, `masze werda da metyvelebda amxanagi stalini~ da a.S.

momavali Taobis ideur-politikuri aRzrdis amocanebs emsaxureboda gadacemebi `meoTxe stalinuri xuTwledi~, `ko-


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munizmis axali mSeneblebi~, `politikur-aRmzrdelobiTi mu-Saoba pionerul organizaciebSi~ da sxv. Tumca, albaT, sru-liad zedmeti iyo mozardebisaTvis iseTi gadacemis miwodeba, rogoric iyo ,,indoeTis soflis meurneoba~ `birmis kavSiri~ da a.S. im periodSi iyvnen iseTi avtorebic, romlebic SesaniS-navad xedavdnen bavSvebisaTvis dagegmili sazogadoebriv-po-litikuri gadacemebis absurdulobas da protestsac gamoxa-tavdnen. magaliTad, amaze metyvelebs erT-erTi oqmi, sadac aRniSnulia, rom `1953 wlis ianvris Tvis gegmaSi ar Sesrulda saubari — `stalinis Sroma `socializmis ekonomikuri prob-lemebi~, radgan specialistebma (,,guguSvilma da sxvebma~) ua-ri ganacxades — bavSvebisaTvis am sakiTxebze saubars ver dav-werTo.1 es saubari, sxva avtoris mier momzadebuli, mainc ga-daica da, saerTod, maSindeli moTxovnebidan gamomdinare, be-ladebisa da marqsizm-leninizmis klasikosTa naazrevis cod-na savaldebulo iyo ganurCevlad asakisa.

aseTi masalebis mizani iyo Caenerga mozardebisaTvis, rom `bednieri qveynis bednieri bavSvebi arian~ da rom maTi upir-velesi movaleobaa revoluciis ideebisadmi erTguleba da socialisturi samSoblosadmi Tavdadeba. amitom pavlik mo-rozovis saxe misabaZi da samagaliTo unda yofiliyo yvela-saTvis. sistematurad gadaicemoda radiokompozicia `pavlik morozovi~. aseTi suliskveTebiT zrdidnen maSindel Taobas da sabavSvo gadacemaTa redaqciac am mxriv Zalasa da energias ar iSurebda; amis erT-erTi magaliTia 1949 wlis 15 seqtem-bers gadacemuli saubari `gavicnoT mowinave saxlis gamocdi-leba~: `socializmis qveyanaSi, lenin-stalinis partiis, sab-WoTa mTavrobis brZnuli politikis, piradad xalxis sayvare-li beladis da axali Taobis udidesi megobris, didi stalinis mzrunvelobiT, poetis Tqmisa ar iyos, aravin ar ganicdis ob-lobisa vaebas, arvin sCivis Tavis uTvistomobas... Cveni umSob-lod darCenili bavSvebisaTvis TviT sabWoTa saxelmwifo zrunavs, amis magaliTia umSoblod darCenili bavSvebisaTvis sabavSvo saxlebis farTod gaSlili qseli~.2 amis paralelu-

1 saq. uicsa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 258, gv. 19. 2 iqve, saq. 109, gv. 77.

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rad, didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda kapitalisturi qveynebis bavSvTa cxovrebis pirobebis kritikas. 1950 wlis meore naxev-ridan gamoCnda axali cikli `maTTan~, sadac presidan amokre-fil masalebSi saubari iyo ucxoeli bavSvebis umweo da Cag-rul mdgomareobaze. sistematurad gadaicemoda saubrebi cikliT: `bavSvTa cxovreba kapitalistur qveynebSi~, aseve im mweralTa sabavSvo nawarmoebebi, sadac gakritikebuli iyo burJuaziuli sistema.

saerTod, sabavSvo gadacemaTa redaqcia xazs usvamda sab-WoTa bavSvebis viTomdac did dainteresebas politikiT da maT aqtiurobas sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi. xSirad gadaice-moda eTerSi pioneruli Sekrebebi da arCevnebi razmebsa da razmeulebSi norCi radiomsmenelebis iniciativiT. rogorc komitetis oqmebSia aRniSnuli, yovelwliurad tardeboda ra-diomsmenelTa konferenciebi, romlebic winaswar mzaddebo-da, gamomsvlelTa teqstebic winaswar iwereboda da es Ronis-Ziebebi speqtaklebiviT idgmeboda.

1950 wlidan radioprogramebSi gamoCnda bevri axali sa-bavSvo gadacema. maT Soris `cnobismoyvare bavSvTa klubi~, `gamoCenil adamianTa cxovreba~. maTSi saubari iyo d. mende-leevis, a. dobrolubovis, i. gogebaSvilis, p. meliqiSvilis da sxvaTa cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis ZiriTad momentebze. sis-tematurad gadaicemoda samecniero-popularuli ciklebi: `norCi miCurineli~, `SeviswavloT teqnika~, `saubrebi bunebis movlenebze~, `norC naturalistTa dasaxmareblad~, `Cemi say-vareli sagani~ da sxv. 1951 wlidan maT daemata `pionerebis aR-zrda~, `skolaSi, quCaSi da saxlSi~, `Cveni kedlis gazeTi~, `Cveni ufrosi megobari~, `Cven vizrdebiT SromaSi~ da a.S.

radios axalgazrdul da sabavSvo gadacemaTa redaqciebi ZiriTadad iyenebda imave radioJanrebs, rasac sxva redaqcie-bi, oRond axalgazrdul gadacemebSi Warbobda saubrebi da narkvevebi, xolo sabavSvo gadacemebSi — umetesad radiore-portaJebi, literaturul-musikaluri kompoziciebi da sxva. bavSvTa ideur da mxatvrul aRzrdaSi did rols asrulebda radiospeqtaklebi da radioinscenirebebi. magaliTad, siamov-nebiT ismineboda `biZia Tomas qoxis~, `oTaraanT qvrivis~, `gankargulebisa~ da sxvaTa radioinscenirebebi. mowonebiT

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sargeblobda literaturuli montaJebi — d. kasraZis moTx-robis mixedviT Seqmnili `patara soso~, i.gogebaSvilis `deda ena~, m. miqelaZis `tania~, S. aragvispirelis `Cemo Svindav~ da sxvebi. am periodSi farTod gaiSala al. fadeevis `axalgaz-rda gvardiis~ kritika radios saSualebiT da, garda mwerle-bisa, skolis pedagogebi da moswavleebic aqtiurad monawile-obdnen nawarmoebis ganxilvaSi.

sabavSvo redaqcia did adgils uTmobda musikalur gada-cemebs. 1950 wlis meore naxevarSi radioSi Seiqmna 80 moswav-lisagan Semdgari ansambli, romelsac respublikis saxalxo artisti a. wulukiZe xelmZRvanelobda. repertuari ZiriTa-dad sabavSvo simRerebisgan Sedgeboda, aseve mikrofonTan ga-modiodnen radiokomitetis sxva musikaluri ansamblebis so-listebic sabavSvo repertuariT da musikaluri saswavleb-lis TviTmoqmedi wreebi. musikis propagandis mizniT gadaice-moda leqcia-koncertebis seriali `kompozitorTa portre-tebi~, aseve `musikaluri leqsikoni~ da `Cveni sabavSvo speq-taklebis musika~, romlebsac SemecnebiTi daniSnuleba hqon-daT. aq aRsaniSnavia isic, rom xSirad redaqcia wamoiwyebda gadacemaTa axal cikls, magram isev miaviwydeboda da, saer-Tod, ciklebis simravle da rubrikebis arastabiluroba TiTq-mis yvela redaqciisaTvis iyo damaxasiaTebeli.

1950 wlis meore naxevridan gamoCnda saintereso gadacema `erTi quCis istoria, romelic p. meliqiSvilis saxels ata-rebs~. saubari saintereso gamodga da mis kvaldakval daibada `Cveni qalaqis istoria~, `Cveni soflis istoria~, `Cveni raio-nis istoria~, magram male yvela es gadacema programidan gaq-ra da mas cikluri xasiaTi aRar mieca, arada moTxovnileba didi iyo. saerTod, radiogadacemebSi igrZnoboda is SezRud-vebi, rasac esa Tu is redaqcia ganicdida politikuri Tval-sazrisiT. miuxedavad amisa, Tamamad unda iTqvas, rom Tumca yovelTvis aSkarad ver xerxdeboda erovnuli faseulobebis propaganda, magram saqarTvelos radios saganmanaTleblo saqmianoba, mTeli misi kulturtregeruli moRvaweoba — qar-Tuli literaturisa da xelovnebis, qarTuli kulturis popu-larizacia uTuod xels uwyobda erovnuli cnobierebis gaR-vivebas da erovnuli Rirebulebebis damkvidrebas.

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T a v i I I I

saqarTvelos radios mmarTvelobiTi funqciebis

gafarToeba da mauwyeblobis struqturis

ganviTareba (1957-1984)

1. saqarTvelos radio saxelmwifo marTvis struqturaSi

rogorc wina TavSi aRiniSna, 1953 wels radiomauwyeblo-bis kulturis saministros daqvemdebarebaSi moqcevam didi kamaTi gamoiwvia da amis Sesaxeb sakavSiro presaSic ki gaimar-Ta msjeloba. es CaiTvala radios, rogorc saxelmwifo insti-tutis, statusis daqveiTebad, misi, rogorc sazogadoebis ideologiuri marTvis erT-erTi mZlavri saSualebis Seufa-seblobad, rac savsebiT daadastura ramdenime wlis praqtika-mac. totalitarul saxelmwifos, cxadia, ver daakmayofileb-da propagandis instrumentis informaciis ubralo mimwodeb-lad da `kulturtregerad~ gadaqceva. amitom, ssrk minis-trTa sabWos 1957 wlis 16 maisis dadgenilebiT, radio da te-levizia (romelic am dros ukve swrafad iwyebda aRmasvlas da veRar darCeboda radios struqturaSi) gamovida kulturis saministros daqvemdebarebidan da saxelmwifoSi sakuTari statusi aRidgina — Seiqmna ssrk ministrTa sabWosTan arsebu-li radiomauwyeblobisa da televiziis saxelmwifo komiteti. es komiteti aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas ganekuTvneboda, misi Tavmjdomare mTavrobis wevrad iTvleboda da Sedioda ministrTa kabinetis SemadgenlobaSi.

radio-televiziis saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis kidev erTi aRiareba iyo ssrk umaRlesi sabWos prezidiumis 1970 wlis 12 ivlisis dadgenileba, romlis Tanaxmadac ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli radio-televiziis komiteti gardaiqmna

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ministrTa sabWos televiziisa da radiomauwyeblobis saxel-mwifo komitetad. am erTi sityvis — `arsebulis~ saxelwode-bidan amogdeba niSnavda, rom eleqtronuli media oficialu-rad erTveboda saxelmwifo marTvis sistemaSi: igi xelisuf-lebasTan `arsebuli~ raRac struqtura ki aRar iyo, aramed am xelisuflebis nawili, Sesabamisi uflebebiTa da movaleobe-

biT. Jurnalistebi ubralod `partiis damxmareebi~ (Подручные партии) ki aRar iyvnen, rogorc alersiT uwoda maT nikita xruS-Covma 1959 wels axalSeqmnili ssrk JurnalistTa kavSiris pir-vel yrilobaze, aramed am partiis nebis aRmasrulebeli struqturis warmomadgenlebi. rac Seexeba komitetis saxel-wodebaSi `televiziis~ win gadmotanas, es ubralod warmoad-genda televiziis upiratesobis dadasturebas radiosTan Se-darebiT, rac am periodisTvis ukve aravis eWvs aRar iwvevda.

rogorc Cans, esec ar miiCnies sakmarisad da 1977 wlis bo-losTvis sabWoTa teleradiomauwyebloba ministrTa sabWo-sac Camoscilda da gaformda damoukidebel uwyebad — ewoda ssrk televiziisa da radiomauwyeblobis saxelmwifo komite-ti (ssrk-is saxteleradio). yvela es reforma, ra Tqma unda, gatarda saqarTveloSic.

aseTi cvlilebebi albaT savsebiT logikuri iyo, radgan vis gamgeblobaSic ar unda yofiliyo formalurad sabWoTa teleradiomauwyebloba, mas, iseve rogorc mTel sabWoTa in-formaciul-propagandistul sistemas, uSualod xelmZRvane-lobda da akontrolebda komunisturi partia (centraluri da adgilobrivi partiuli organoebi) da iyenebda mas sazoga-doebis marTvis erT-erT instrumentad. masobrivi informa-ciis saSualebebi (maT Soris, cxadia, radiomauwyeblobac) ko-munisturi ideologiis, komunisturi aRzrdis sistemis Se-madgeneli nawili iyo, risi meSveobiTac partia da xelisuf-leba mizanmimarTulad moqmedebda sazogadoebis cxovrebis yvela sferoze. amdenad, radiomauwyeblobis miznebi da amo-canebi ganisazRvreboda komunisturi ideologiis miznebiTa da amocanebiT — sxvadasxva formiT xeli Seewyo komunisturi sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebis CamoyalibebisaTvis, axali adamianis formirebisaTvis, ideologiurad uzrunveleyo skkp programis cxovrebaSi gatareba, komunizmis materialur-

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teqnikuri bazis Seqmna, aqtiurad ebrZola burJuaziuli ide-ologiis, adamianis cnobierebaSi `warsulis gadmonaSTebis~ winaaRmdeg.

saqarTvelos radiomauwyebloba 50-iani wlebis bolos teqnikur-organizaciuli da profesiuli TvalsazrisiT ukve sabolood aris Camoyalibebuli — gaaCnia mZlavri materia-lur-teqnikuri baza da mTel respublikaze eweva mauwyeblo-bas. didi xania garkveulia misi sazogadoebrivi funqciebi, aTvisebulia radios gamosaxviTi specifika da publicisturi Janrebis saeTero modifikaciebi, dadgenilia organizaciuli struqtura. amasTan, igi sakavSiro-respublikuri daqvemdeba-rebis uwyebaa da erTdroulad ganicdis rogorc mauwyeblo-bis erTiani centralizebuli sistemis, ise adgilobrivi xe-lisuflebis organoebis zegavlenas, saxelmwifo informaci-uli struqturis yovelgvar cvlilebas. zemoT aRniSnuli re-formebis Semdeg, 1978 wels, igi sabolood Camoyalibda ro-gorc saqarTvelos ssr televiziisa da radiomauwyeblobis saxelmwifo komiteti — saqarTvelos saxteleradio (es sa-xelwodeba SemorCa mas sabWoTa xelisuflebis dasrulebam-de). 50-iani da 60-iani wlebis mijnaze cvlileba moxda tele-radiokomitetis xelmZRvanelobaSic — 1961 wlis seqtembri-dan komitetis Tavmjdomaris postze anton kelenjeriZe Sec-vala karlo gardafxaZem, ufro adre ki, 1958 wlis ianvridan, Tavmjdomaris moadgile radios dargSi gaxda petre SamaTava (man Secvala a. farulava, romelic gaTavisuflda sxva samuSa-oze gadasvlis gamo). pirveli 1976 wlis martamde xelmZRvane-lobda komitets, meore ki 1984 wlis ivlisamde, meoTxed sau-kuneze met xans, kurirebda saqarTvelos radios. amave peri-odSi Tavmjdomaris moadgileebad (finansur da materialur-teqnikur nawilSi) muSaobdnen jer rafiel liparteliani da Semdgom oTar kakabaZe.

1957-1984 wlebi metad saintereso periodia saqarTvelos radios istoriaSi. jer erTi, es aris saqarTveloSi (da, saer-Tod, sabWoTa kavSirSi) radiomauwyeblobis ganviTarebis axa-li etapi, romelic ukavSirdeba televiziis damkvidrebas, ra-dios saeTero monopoliis gauqmebasa da konkurenciis piro-bebSi mauwyeblobis axali formebis Ziebas. marTalia, telema-

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uwyeblobis sayovelTaod gavrcelebas iseTi radikaluri gavlena ar mouxdenia saqarTvelos radioze, rogorc sazR-vargareT, sadac cnobili mravalprofiliani universaluri radiosadgurebic ki specializaciis gzas daadgnen da forma-tul programirebaze gadavidnen, magram man uTuod iqonia ze-moqmedeba ciklebisa da rubrikebis mowesrigebaze, mauwyeb-lobis ZiriTad mimarTulebaTa dazustebaze, funqciebis ga-mokveTasa da pirdapiri eTeris upiratesobaTa aqtiur gamo-yenebaze.

meore, es periodi gamoirCeva mniSvnelovani istoriuli xasiaTis socialur-politikuri movlenebiT: 50-iani wlebis bolosa da 60-iani wlebis pirveli naxevris voluntarizms sabWoTa kavSirSi didi xniT cvlis e.w. uZraobis epoqa, xolo Cvens respublikaSi 70-iani wlebis dasawyisSi sul sxva proce-sebi iwyebs ganviTarebas. oTxi wlis manZilze, 1972-1976 wleb-Si, skkp centralurma komitetma sami dadgenileba miiRo sa-qarTvelos Sesaxeb: `partiis Tbilisis saqalaqo komitetis organizatoruli da politikuri muSaobis Sesaxeb~ (1972), `sa-qarTvelos ssr saxalxo meurneobis Semdgomi ganviTarebis RonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb~ (1974) da `saqarTvelos partiuli orga-nizaciis Sesaxeb~ (1976). 1972 wels saqarTvelos komunisturi partiis centraluri komitetis pirveli mdivani (qveynis pir-veli piri) vasil mJavanaZe Secvala eduard SevardnaZem, rasac mohyva mTeli xelmZRvaneli partiuli da sabWoTa kadrebis Secvla ara mxolod respublikis, aramed raionebis donezec. cota mogvianebiT sakadro cvlilebebi moxda teleradioko-mitetSic: 1976 wlis martSi karlo gardafxaZe gadayvanil iq-na socialuri uzrunvelyofis ministrad da komitetis Tav-mjdomared dainiSna guram enuqiZe, xolo 1979 wels, saqarTve-los kp centraluri komitetis mdivnad (ideologiis dargSi) misi gadayvanis Semdeg, igi Secvala nugzar fofxaZem, romel-mac 1986 wlis ivnisamde imuSava.

xelisuflebis totalur cvlas saqarTveloSi Tan mohyva axali kursi — TiTqosda daundobeli brZola qveyanaSi arse-buli negatiuri procesebis: korufciis, proteqcionizmis, ukanonobis, narkomaniis da a.S. winaaRmdeg. centralur xeli-suflebas es `naklovanebani~ adgilobriv problemebad miaC-

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nda da maTze saubari sakavSiro eTerSi miRebuli ar iyo. ra Tqma unda, erT patara respublikaSi SeuZlebeli iyo im uar-yofiTi Tvisebebis aRmofxvra, rac mTel sabWoTa sistemas axasiaTebda (saqarTvelos partiul elitas marTlac rom hqo-noda aseTi mizani) da am brZolas arc SeiZleboda raime arse-biTi Sedegi mohyoloda. miuxedavad amisa, 70-iani wlebis meo-re naxevarsa da 80-iani wlebis pirvel naxevarSi, jer kidev e.w. gardaqmnis dawyebamde, saqarTvelos radiosa da televiziaSi damuSavda sajaroobis bevri iseTi forma da daisva bevri ise-Ti mwvave problema, romlebic centralur eTerSi mxolod 1987 wlidan gamoCnda. pirvel rigSi mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs au-ditoriasTan kavSirisa da sazogadoebrivi azris organizebis sxvadasxva forma, agreTve aSkara saubari `akrZalul~ Temeb-ze — danaSaulobaTa zrdaze, narkomaniaze, prostituciaze da a.S. (sakmarisia iTqvas, rom mTavlitis adgilobrivma warmo-madgenelma sakavSiro struqturaSi uCivla komitetis xel-mZRvanelobas am Temebze eTerSi gadacemebis gaSvebis gamo).

saqarTvelos radio (igi Tavis struqturaSi moicavda af-xazeTis, aWarisa da samxreT oseTis radiokomitetebsac, ag-reTve quTaisis saqalaqo radios), romelic erTdroulad mi-marTavda uzarmazar auditorias, sayovelTao agitatorisa da propagandistis rols asrulebda — saxelmwifo marTvis organoebidan msmenelebs gadascemda informacias, ganumar-tavda mocemul etapze partiis politikas, propagandas uwev-da sabWoTa xelisuflebis wlebSi momxdar ekonomikur da kulturul gardaqmnebs, xels uwyobda masebis socialur da politikur aqtivizacias. amasTan, radiomauwyeblobis roli mxolod sazogadoebis informirebiTa da propagandiT rodi amoiwureboda. auditoriasTan kavSiris sxvadasxva formaze dayrdnobiT igi kontrols uwevda partiuli da saxelmwifo direqtivebis cxovrebaSi gatarebas, sawarmoo-ekonomikuri da socialuri problemebis gadawyvetas. marTvis sxvadasxva sistemaze aqtiuri zemoqmedebiT radio Tavad Camoyalibda saxelmwifoebrivi marTvis aucilebel organod.

saxelmwifoebrivi funqciebiT iyo ganpirobebuli xeli-suflebis mudmivi zrunva radiomauwyeblobis materialur-teqnikuri ganviTarebisaTvis. 1959 wels mwyobrSi Cadga axali

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radiosadgurebi soxumsa da baTumSi; imave xanebSi amoqmedda samxreT oseTis olqis radiokvanZic. 1966 wels saqarTvelos teleradiokomitetma miiRo specialurad misTvis agebuli da axali aparaturiT aRWurvili Senoba (teleradiocentri) yo-fili leninis, amJamad kostavas quCaze, saidanac dRemde eweva mauwyeblobas. amasTan isic unda aRiniSnos, rom yvelaferi es perspeqtivaze ar iyo gaTvlili da ukve 70-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi sagrZnobi gaxda radiomauwyeblobis (aseve televi-ziis) teqnikuri CamorCeniloba. xmis Camweri studiebis moZve-lebul teqnikaze, saTanado mikrofonebis mudmiv ukmarisoba-ze, ungruli warmoebis mZime da mouxerxebel portatul mag-nitofonebze, firis meqanikur montaJze da a.S. rom araferi vTqvaT, gadamcemi radiosadgurebis simZlavriT Cveni respub-lika bolo adgilze iyo sabWoTa kavSirSi da saqarTvelos ra-dios xma qveynis bevr regionSi arc ismoda (TandaTan nadgur-deboda odesRac mTel respublikaSi organizebuli sadenebi-ani mauwyeblobac — igi nawilobriv mxolod did qalaqebSi Se-morCa). 1978 wels dadga axali radiosadguris aSenebis sa-kiTxi, magram, samwuxarod, ver ganxorcielda (finansebi ver gamoiZebna).

60-iani wlebis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos radioSi funqcio-nirebda 4 mTavari redaqcia: 1. informaciis mTavari redaqcia, romelic calke gamoiyo 1959 wels da pirveli mTavari redaq-tori gaxda nikoloz abzianiZe (televiziaSi misi gadayvanis Semdeg, 1968 wlidan, mTavari redaqtori iyo givi TevzaZe, 1978 wlidan ki — dimitri kikvaZe, moris mircxulava, goCa xun-daZe, ramin WeliZe). 1968 wels am redaqcias ewoda `informaci-isa da erovnul enebze gadacemaTa mTavari redaqcia~, radgan mis struqturaSi `ukanaskneli cnobebisa~ da sportul gada-cemaTa redaqciebis garda Sedioda agreTve somxur gadacema-Ta (ufrosi redaqtori m. aslaniani, Semdeg r. varTaniani, s. xaCaturiani) da azerbaijanul gadacemaTa (ufrosi redaqto-ri m. giulmamedovi, Semdeg q. qerimovi, e. mahmudovi) redaqci-ebi, agreTve reklamebisa da gancxadebebis redaqcia (ufrosi redaqtori a. CxikvaZe, Semdeg — g. gugunava) da adgilobrivi gadacemebis redaqcia (romlis ufrosi redaqtori 1961 wli-dan 1983 wlamde, pensiaSi gasvlamde, iyo beno manTiZe, Semdeg

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— eTer CilaCava); 2. sazogadoebriv-politikuri gadacemebis mTavari redaqcia, romelsac 1957 wels jer kidev Zveli sa-xelwodeba — politikuri radiomauwyeblobis mTavari redaq-cia — erqva da vaxtang ZamaSvili xelmZRvanelobda. Semdeg igi erTi wliT Secvala givi dvaliSvilma, magram 1959 wlidan mTa-vari redaqtori isev vaxtang ZamaSvili gaxda; 3. sabavSvo da axalgazrduli gadacemebis mTavari redaqcia, romelsac Ta-vidan axalgazrdobis, sabavSvo da sportul gadacemaTa mTa-vari redaqcia erqva, radgan sportul programebsac amzadeb-da (garda amisa, 60-iani wlebis pirvel naxevarSi amzadebda ag-reTve rusulenovan yovelkvireul gadacemas `sabWoTa armiis meomrebisaTvis~). Tavidanve, 1962 wlidan, misi pirveli mTava-ri redaqtori iyo da 1971 wlamde xelmZRvanelobda nodar be-TaniSvili; 4. mxatvrul gadacemaTa mTavari redaqcia, romlis mTavari redaqtori 1959-1967 wlebSi iyo givi dvaliSvili. mi-si televiziaSi gadayvanis Semdeg mTavari redaqcia orad gai-yo — mxatvrul gadacemaTa mTavar redaqciad (romelsac Sem-deg literaturul-dramatuli programebis mTavari redaq-cia ewoda — mTavari redaqtori akaki koberiZe, mogvianebiT — soso sigua) da musikaluri gadacemebis mTavar redaqciad (mTavari redaqtori aleqsandre bukia, Semdeg guliko kace-laSvili, 1979 wlidan ki — lali vardanaSvili).

1965 wlis TebervalSi Seiqmna radios programebisa da ga-moSvebis mTavari redaqcia, romelsac 1971 wlis ivlisidan programebis direqcia ewoda. mis pirvel mTavar redaqtorad dainiSna koki egutia. misi gardacvalebis Semdeg, 1968-1981 wlebSi, mTavari redaqtori iyo kapiton rusiZe, xolo misi pensiaSi gasvlis Semdeg ki, 1999 wlis Sua xanebamde, gardacva-lebamde, programebis mTavari direqciis mTavari direqtori iyo medea gegeSiZe. programebis mTavari redaqcia (direqcia) moicavda sam qvedanayofs: programebis redaqcias (ufrosi redaqtori mariam biniaSvili), gamomSveb redaqcias (ufrosi redaqtori magu uruSaZe) da diqtorTa jgufs (xelmZRvaneli qeTevan landia). 60-70-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos radios diqto-rebi iyvnen: erosi manjgalaZe, marika Caxava, qeTevan kerese-liZe, elene tabliaSvili, Tamar leJava, meri miqelaZe, ciala SublaZe, lia WaniSvili, rezo CxaiZe, daviT sokolovi, rezo

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TavarTqilaZe, levan yavlaSvili, giorgi cabaZe, Tina elbaqi-Ze, Tina mgalobliSvili, iago dumbaZe, mirangul avsajaniSvi-li, arsen abramiSvili, givi qoClaZe, jemal javeliZe, dali baqraZe, lado msxilaZe, mixeil lopatkini, irine rizaeva, elene sarqisiani, albert asaturovi, ali-zade hasanovi, alemzar rzaeva.

60-iani wlebis bolos calke Camoyalibda rusul gadace-maTa mTavari redaqcia (mTavari redaqtori iuri xomeriki, Semdeg — amiran gabilaia). igi moicavda rusuli respublikuri cnobebis redaqcias (ufrosi redaqtori evgeni domoracki, Semdeg Tamaz kandelaki), sabWoTa armiis meomrebisaTvis gada-cemebis redaqcias (ufrosi redaqtori aleqsandre nikuraZe, Semdeg — givi baqraZe, Temur nadiraSvili) da gacvliTi gada-cemebis redaqcias (ufrosi redaqtori amiran gabilaia, Sem-deg — nuca erisTavi), romelic rusul enaze amzadebda gada-cemebs mokavSire sabWoTa respublikebisaTvis da aseve gac-vlis wesiT Rebulobda maT gadacemebs saqarTvelos radioe-TerisTvis.

1973 wels sazogadoebriv-politikuri gadacemebis mTava-ri redaqcia daiyo propagandisa da saxalxo meurneobis mTa-var redaqciebad. propagandis mTavar redaqciaSi (mTavari re-daqtori vaxtang ZamaSvili, Semdeg — givi TevzaZe, dimitri kikvaZe, vaxtang dvali) darCa marqsistul-leninuri Teoriis propagandisa da partiuli cxovrebis redaqcia (ufrosi re-daqtori givi TevzaZe, Semdeg — mixeil aroSiZe, lamara esar-Tia, marika silagaZe, gulnaz gelovani) da sabWoTa mSeneblo-bis, samarTlisa da moralis redaqcia (ufrosi redaqtori di-mitri lobJaniZe). mis daqvemdebarebaSi gadavida agreTve som-xuri da azerbaijanuli gadacemebis redaqciebi (pirveli maT-gani yoveldRiurad iuwyeboda erTi saaTis, meore ki — naxeva-ri saaTis moculobiT). 80-ian wlebSi maT daemata qurTuli gadacemebis redaqcia (ufrosi redaqtori q. anyosi), 90-ian wlebSi ki — berZnuli gadacemebisa (ufrosi redaqtori l. zangelidi). orive kviraSi erTxel mauwyeblobda 15 wuTis mo-culobiT. saxalxo meurneobis mTavar redaqciaSi (mTavari redaqtori moris mircxulava) Sevidnen: mrewvelobis, mSeneb-lobisa da transportis redaqcia (ufrosi redaqtori Tengiz

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gelaSvili, Semdeg — lia korZaia, lamara esarTia), soflis me-urneobis redaqcia (ufrosi redaqtori konstantine Wantu-riSvili, Semdeg — Salva gulua, dilar jvebenava) da mecniere-bis da teqnikis (mogvianebiT — mecnierebisa da teqnikuri progresis) redaqcia (ufrosi redaqtorebi sxvadasxva peri-odSi: Tengiz goqsaZe, sergo gonjilaSvili, marika CxartiSvi-li, eldar iberi, gulnara arobeliZe, nanuli WavWaniZe). aseve cal-calke Camoyalibda sabavSvo da axalgazrduli gadaceme-bis mTavari redaqciebi.

samocian wlebs ukavSirdeba saqarTvelos sagareo radio-mauwyeblobis aRmocenebac. jer kidev 50-iani wlebis bolos radiokomitetSi Camoyalibda e.w. respublikaTSorisi gadace-mebis redaqcia, romelic gadacemebs ucvlida mokavSire res-publikebis radiokomitetebs da 60-iani wlebidan asec ewoda — `gacvliTi gadacemebis redaqcia~ (xelmZRvaneli g. maisura-Ze, Semdeg g. canava). amave redaqciaSi mzaddeboda yovelkvi-reuli erTsaaTiani programa `ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi Tanamema-muleebisaTvis~ (ZiriTadad TurqeTsa da iranSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebisaTvis), romelic moskovis radiosadguridan ga-daicemoda. 1963 wels gacvliT redaqcias gamoeyo `specialu-ri gadacemebis redaqcia~ (anu ucxoeTze mauwyeblobis redaq-cia), romlis ufrosi redaqtori 1970 wlamde, pensiaSi gas-vlamde iyo akaki niJaraZe, Semdeg — Samil WiabriSvili.

samociani wlebis bolos Seiqmna sazRvargareTis qveyneb-ze mauwyeblobis mTavari redaqcia, romelic mogvianebiT te-lemauwyeblobasac moicavda (mTavari redaqtori rodam CaCa-niZe, 1971-1976 wlebSi — nodar beTaniSvili, Semdeg daviT Sa-likaSvili). igi aerTianebda qarTul enaze gadacemaTa redaq-cias da e.w. specialur gadacemaTa redaqcias. pirveli ganag-rZobda programis momzadebas ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi Tanamema-muleebisaTvis — acnobda maT saqarTvelos ekonomikis, mecni-erebis, kulturisa da xelovnebis mdgomareobas, mis warmate-bebs msoflio arenaze, radioeTerSi axvedrebda gamoCenil qarTvel mwerlebs, msaxiobebs, kompozitorebs da a.S. farTo propagandas uwevda qarTul literaturas, Teatrsa da musi-kas. programis perioduloba TandaTan izrdeboda — 1968 wli-dan igi kviraSi orjer gadaicemoda, 1975 wlidan ki — jer sam-

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jer, xolo Semdeg oTxjer (Tanac imave dRes samjer meorde-boda). gadacemaze muSaobdnen: Samil WiabriSvili, gulnaz ge-lovani, nana lomiZe da sxv.

yoveli gadacema iwyeboda sainformacio gamoSvebiT `axa-li ambebi samSoblodan — saqarTvelodan~. garda amisa, Tema-tur siuJetebTan erTad ewyoboda qarTul-Turquli da qar-Tul-sparsuli enebis gakveTilebi, romlebsac atarebdnen iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis profesorebi nodar janaSia da jemSid giunaSvili. es gakveTi-lebi ucxoeTSi mcxovreb Cvens Tanamemamuleebs exmareboda qarTuli enis codnis gaRrmavebaSi. rogorc erT-erTi rubri-kis — `sxva saqarTvelo sad aris~ — wamyvani, fereidneli qar-Tveli rezo miqelaZe ixsenebda, fereidanSi Turme zustad icodnen qarTulenovani radiogadacemis dawyebis dro, ikri-bebodnen romelime ojaxSi, usmendnen radios da dedaenaze sa-ubrobdnen. es radio iyo maSin saqarTvelosTan maTi kavSiris erTaderTi saSualeba.

rac Seexeba specialur gadacemaTa redaqcias (rogorc ze-moT iTqva, es saxeli erqva Tavidan ucxoeTze mauwyeblobis re-daqcias), igi Seiqmna 1968 wels saqarTvelos kp centraluri ko-mitetisa da ministrTa sabWos dadgenilebiT da daevala aSS-is radiosadgur `amerikis xmis~ qarTulenovani gadacemebis audi-ofirze Cawera, gaSifvra da manqanaze dabeWdva. dabeWdili teq-stis egzemplarebi gasacnobad egzavneboda saq. kp centraluri komitetis biuros wevrebs, umaRlesi sabWos prezidiumisa da ministrTa sabWos xelmZRvanelebs, saxelmwifo uSiSroebis ko-mitets, aseve `saqinforms~, `sakdesis~ saqarTvelos ganyofi-lebas, centraluri respublikuri gazeTebis redaqtorebs, ad-gilze urigdebodaT teleradiomauwyeblobis Tavmjdomaresa da mis moadgileebs. aqve unda iTqvas, rom msgavsi redaqciebi sxva mokavSire respublikebis teleradiokomitetebSic iyo Seqmnili. es ganpirobebuli iyo mwvave ideologiuri dapiris-pirebiT socialistur da kapitalistur sistemebs Soris, ro-melmac `civi omis~ saxelwodeba miiRo da gansakuTrebiT aqti-urad mimdinareobda radioeTerSi (aSS-is prezidentma ronald reiganma Tavis droze mas `radioomic~ ki uwoda). xelisufle-bas sWirdeboda zusti informacia, Tu ras gadmoscemdnen, ras

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eubnebodnen saqarTvelos mosaxleobas antisabWouri radio-sadgurebi, pirvel rigSi, àmerikis xma~, rom Semdeg amis gaTva-liswinebiT ganxorcielebuliyo saTanadod gamiznuli kon-trpropaganda (gaugebaria mxolod, ratom ar Seiswavleboda aseve radiosadgur `Tavisuflebis~ qarTulenovani mauwyeb-loba, romelic Tavisi antisabWoTa xasiaTiT Tu ar aRematebo-da, arafriT Camouvardeboda àmerikis xmas~).

specialur gadacemaTa redaqciis pirveli xelmZRvaneli iyo jano iaSvili, Semdeg igi Secvala giorgi Ciqovanma, rome-lic manamde ùkanasknel cnobaTa~ mTavari redaqciis mTavari redaqtoris moadgiled muSaobda. àmerikis xmis~ qarTuleno-van gadacemas, ase vTqvaT, ìWerdnen~ da redaqcias specialu-ri xaziT awvdidnen sarTiWalis radiosadguridan, saidanac amave dros xdeboda misi CaxSobac, roca saubari iyo gansa-kuTrebiT arasasurvel politikur sakiTxebze, qarTveli xalxis mimarT Cadenil mraval borotebaze, masobrivi msmene-lisaTvis ucnob faqtebsa da detalebze. ase rom, yvela in-formacia wesierad im xalxsac ki ar miewodebda, visac misi mosmena da gaSifvra evaleboda. es mdgomareoba e.w. gardaq-mnis epoqamde 1987 wlamde grZeldeboda (ucxouri radiosad-gurebis CaxSoba ssrk ministrTa sabWos dadgenilebiT daiwyo 1949 wlidan da am `saqmiT~ dakavebuli iyo 1660 radiosadguri, romelTa saerTo simZlavre aRemateboda erTad aRebuli sab-WoTa saSinao da sagareo radiosadgurebis simZlavres).1

garda aRniSnuli redaqciebisa, teleradiokomitetSi ar-sebobda agreTve mTargmnelTa jgufi, romelic garkveul pe-riodSi redaqciadac iwodeboda (ufrosi redaqtori grigol msxilaZe, Semdeg mariam biniaSvili). qarTul enaze iTargmne-boda ZiriTadad moskovidan da mokavSire respublikebidan mi-Rebuli rusuli teqstebi. aq sxvadasxva dros muSaobdnen: n. aRniaSvili, a. burdilaZe, a. SalamberiZe, i. gamyreliZe, z. gi-orgobiani, m. CxeiZe, n. miqava, g. berZeniSvili, n. gverdwiTeli, n. miqaSaviZe, l. kalandaZe da sxv.

60-80-ian wlebSi kvlav intensiurad funqcionirebda ra-dios korespondentTa qseli, romelsac sxvadasxva periodSi

1 Телерадиофир. История и современность, М., 2005, с. 168.

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xelmZRvanelobdnen: nikoloz kikvaZe, nanuli WavWaniZe, gior-gi goCitaSvili, lamara esarTia, roin Txilava. saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela regionSi muSaobda or aTeulamde e.w. zonis ko-respondenti — radioJurnalistebi: revaz zaqaraia, nikoloz iaralovi, lento isakovi, levan xosroSvili, abo feraZe, Sal-va Sengeli, givi jaxua da mravali sxva, romlebic sistematu-rad iZleodnen saTanado masalebs saqarTvelos qalaqebidan da raionebidan.

radiomauwyeblobas hyavda Tavisi reJisorTa jgufi (mTa-vari reJisori guram macxonaSvili, Semdeg — vaxtang maRlafe-riZe, zurab kandelaki), romelic muSaobda rogorc radio-dadgmebze, ise publicistur gadacemebzec. sxvadasxva dros radioSi moRvaweobdnen: givi saginaSvili, sergo WeliZe, gi-orgi vasaZe, vladimer modebaZe, levan guruli, ciala qurdo-vaniZe, neli rusiSvili, Salva mJavanaZe, givi vladimeraSvili, badri miqaSaviZe, TaTia xaindrava, giorgi gamsaxurdia da sxv.

gadacemebis profesiulad Caweras uzrunvelyofdnen xmis reJisorebi: iakob boboxiZe, Salva niJaraZe, Tamar mdivani, levan qiSmiSevi, givi jafariZe, alioSa wereTeli, lavrenti WeliZe, jemal pateiSvili, Temur piradaSvili, iuri nucubi-Ze, romeo ter-grigoriani, nana sanduxaZe, Tamar gogliZe da sxv., xmis operatorebi: valiko beriaSvili, nikoloz daTuna-iSvili, guram mesxiSvili, nodar nanitaSvili, givi sidamoniS-vili, marine darbiniani da sxv.

radiomauwyeblobas hqonda fonogramebis ganyofileba (gamge r. gociriZe, Semdeg a. uruSaZe), romelic moicavda au-dioCanawerebis umdidres fonds (rogorc musikalurs, ise teqstobrivs) da samuSao fonoTekas (gamge j. naWyebia). mauwy-eblobis teqnikur mxares uzrunvelyofda komitetis telera-diocentris Sesabamisi qvedanayofebi: radiomauwyeblobis sa-aparato-sastudio kompleqsi (ufrosi — vladimer TevdoraS-vili, Semdeg hamlet cagareiSvili), radiomauwyeblobis (ga-damcemi teqnikis) saamqro (ufrosi — Tengiz salxinaSvili), xmis Camweri saamqro (ufrosi — arjevan jafariZe, Semdeg a. ku-balski, oTar quTaTelaZe, mirian kakulia, jumber xobelia), studiis gare radiogadacemaTa saamqro (ufrosi — uSangi ko-toraSvili, Semdeg — omar areSiZe). aq wlebis manZilze muSa-

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obda radioteqnikis bevri maRalkvalificiuri specialisti: mirian mosuliSvili, guram mesxiSvili, nikoloz kuznecovi, levan koberiZe da sxv.

ase gamoiyureboda saqarTvelos radios organizaciuli struqtura 1960-70-ian wlebSi.

60-iani wlebidan garkveuli cvlileba ganicada mauwyeb-lobis struqturam. jer kidev 1956 wels Seiqmna saqarTvelos radios meore programa, romelic moicavda mxatvrul-musika-lur gadacemebs da eTerSi yoveldRiurad gadioda 2 saaTis xangrZlivobiT — 21 saaTidan 23 saaTamde. misi warmoSoba gan-pirobebuli iyo saqarTvelos radiomauwyeblobis kultu-rul-saganmanaTleblo funqciis gaZlierebiT da gansakuTre-biT ki — radios unikaluri SesaZleblobebiT musikaluri xe-lovnebis gavrcelebasa da propagandaSi. musikasTan erTad 60-ian wlebamde am programaSi gansakuTrebiT SesamCnevia li-teraturul mimoxilvaTa simravle: `Jurnal `ciskris~ mimo-xilva~, `Jurnal `mnaTobis~ mimoxilva~, `Jurnal `literatu-ruli aWaris~ mimoxilva~, `Jurnal `literaturnaia gruzias~ mimoxilva~, `Jurnal `druJba narodovis~ mimoxilva~, cikle-bi: `axali wignebi~ da `sazRvargareTis progresuli litera-tura~. 1965 wlis Tebervlidan II programas `Tbilisi — 288~ ewoda (igi 288 m sigrZis talRebiT gadaicemoda) da jer naxe-vari, Semdeg ki erTi saaTiT gaizarda. Sesabamisad, mas daemata `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ ori xuTwuTiani gamoSveba da saganma-naTleblo xasiaTis ciklebi: `didebi da patarebi~, `meridia-nebi da paralelebi~, `msoflios garSemo~ da sxv.

radioeTerSi musikis mzardi popularobiT unda aixsnas yoveldRiuri specialuri musikaluri programis momzadeba ultramokle talRebze. saqarTvelos radiomauwyeblobaSi 1958 wlidan ori radiosadguri muSaobda ultramokle tal-Rebze, magram isini, grZeli, saSualo da mokletalRovani ra-diosadgurebis msgavsad, pirvel programas gadascemdnen da amis gamo msmenelic naklebi hyavdaT (miT umetes, rom am peri-odSi saqarTveloSi stabilurad muSaobda sadenebiani radio-mauwyebloba, e.w. xazis radio). 1960 wlis ivlisidan axali mu-sikaluri programa (1-2 saaTis moculobiT) pirvelad gavida eTerSi ultramokle talRebze, jer qalaqis qselTan erTad (I

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programis Sesvenebis dros), 1961 wlis meore naxevridan ki — damoukidebeli saxiT (2, 5 — 3 saaTis moculobiT). 1963-1967 wlebSi igi yoveldRiurad gadaicemoda 13-dan 17 saaTamde, 1968-1975 wlebSi ki — 11 saaTidan da 30 wuTidan 17-19 saaTamde da moicavda yvela Janris musikalur gadacemebs. 1976 wlidan mas sxva mxatvruli gadacemebic daemata da gadaicemoda 15-dan 17 saaTamde `mxatvrul-musikaluri programis~ saxelwodebiT.

saqarTveloSi musikaluri radiomauwyeblobis ganviTa-rebis Semdgomi safexuri iyo stereofonuri mauwyeblobis dawyeba. 70-iani wlebidan calkeuli musikaluri gadacemebi, radiodadgmebi da sxv. ukve stereofonurad iwereboda da garkveuli fondic grovdeboda. 1975 wlis noembridan ki eTerSi gavida damoukidebeli stereofonuri programa, rome-lic diliT da saRamos gadaicemoda ultramokle talRebze (saerTo jamSi, 4-6 saaTis moculobiT). 1976-1990 wlebSi es programa ultramokletalRovan `mxatvrul-musikalur prog-ramasa~ da radiosadgur `Tbilisi — 288~-sTan erTad (romel-sac 1983 wlidan radiosadguri `mTawminda~ ewoda) Seadgenda saqarTvelos radios saerTo meore programas.

pirveli da meore programa dRis ganmavlobaSi ramdenime-jer cxaddeboda eTerSi da saTanado reklama-anotaciebis TanxlebiT ibeWdeboda teleradiokomitetis yovelkvireul organoSi — `laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi~. man gamosvla daiwyo 1957 wlis 17 oqtombridan qarTul enaze, mcire forma-tis gazeTis naxevari moculobiT, rva gverdze, saxelwodebiT `laparakobs Tbilisi~ — radio da telegadacemaTa programe-bi, gamomcemeli saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa sabWosTan arse-buli radiomauwyeblobisa da televiziis saxelmwifo komite-ti; programebTan erTad igi moicavda calkeuli gadacemebisa da filmebis anotacia-reklamebs, Sesabamis ilustraciebs da sxv. 1960 wlis 1 ianvridan gamodioda paraskeobiT, mcire for-matis gazeTis moculobiT, oTx gverdze; 1967 wlis 24 marti-dan ewoda `laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi~. 1980 wlis ian-vridan gazeTi rvagverdiani gaxda da qarTulTan erTad ru-sul enazec beWdavda rogorc saqarTvelos teleradioprog-ramebs, ise centraluri televiziis I-II programebs, reklama-anotaciebs, werilebs, mimoxilvebs da sxv. gazeTis pirveli

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redaqtori iyo givi dvaliSvili, Semdeg gazeTs redaqtorob-dnen: karlo faliani, aleqsandre mgelaZe, SoTa gigauri, ale-ko miTaiSvili. sxvadasxva periodSi gazeTSi muSaobdnen: a. so-xaZe, i. mSvenieraZe, c. meqvabiSvili, e. laRiZe, n. zariZe, l. kenWa-Ze, l. rusaZe, l. afxazava, d. ficxelauri, o. iaSaRaSvili da sxv.

saqarTvelos radios kviris programebs sistematurad beWdavdnen agreTve respublikuri gazeTebi `komunisti~ da `zaria vostoka~. iSviaTi, gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevebis gar-da, dabeWdili programa ucvlelad gadaicemoda eTerSi, rac saSualebas iZleva Tvali gavadevnoT, erTi mxriv, saqarTve-los radios samauwyeblo struqturis ganviTarebas TiTqmis 30 wlis manZilze, xolo, meore mxriv, 1957-1984 wlebSi mimdi-nare socialur-politikuri procesebis asaxvas qarTul ra-dioJurnalistikaSi.

samauwyeblo bade (radiogadacemebis met-naklebad stabi-luri ganrigi) saqarTvelos radioSi jer kidev 30-ian wlebSi dainerga da, cxadia, rom 60-ian wlebSi igi sakmaod mtkiced aris Camoyalibebuli. yovel redaqcias kviris programaSi Ta-visi mudmivi dRe da saaTebi aqvs gamoyofili (magaliTad, sam-SabaTi, oTxSabaTi da SabaTi axalgazrdobis dReebia, paraske-vi — samecniero-saganmanaTleblo gadacemebis, 17.30 — 18.00-is farglebSi yoveldRiuradaa sabavSvo gadacema da a.S.). mtki-cedaa daculi rubrikaciis principi, rac uzrunvelyofs in-formaciis tipizaciisa da radiosTvis damaxasiaTebeli seri-ulobis praqtikul ganxorcielebas. gamokveTilia samauwyeb-lo blokebis sistema da a.S. drodadro bade qveyndeba kidec programa-gazeTSi `laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi~ (magali-Tad, 1962 wlis 12 oqtombers daibeWda `saqarTvelos radios gadacemebis ganrigi Semodgoma-zamTris periodSi 1962 wlis 15 oqtombridan~. aseve iyo Semdgom wlebSic). ase rom, prog-rama ZiriTadad unificirebulia rogorc Tematikis, ise au-ditoriis mixedviT. miuxedavad amisa, 60-iani wlebis dasawyis-Si jer kidev gvxvdeba iseTi zogadi rubrikebi, rogoricaa: `gadacema sazogadoebriv-politikur Temaze~, `gadacema mrewvelobis Temaze~ da a.S. xSiria calkeuli, erTjeradi ga-dacemebi, rac miuTiTebs, rom yvela redaqcias rodi aqvs ga-azrebuli da dasistemebuli Tavisi mauwyebloba. amas garkve-

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ulwilad, ganapirobebs mimdinare socialur-politikur mov-lenebze òperatiuli reagirebis~ aucileblobac — TiTqmis yoveli dadgenileba Tu gadawyvetileba, romelic ama Tu im partiul-saxelmwifoebriv RonisZiebas exeba, moiTxovs axali radio- da teleciklebis SemoRebas, aRniSnuli RonisZiebis farTod gaSuqebas. arcTu iSviaTad, movlenas rom operatiu-lad `gamoexmauron~, redaqciebi ukve arsebul cikls an rub-rikas axal rubrikaSi aTavseben da axali saxelwodebiT gadas-cemen (magaliTad, `skkp XXVI yrilobis gadawyetilebani — cxovrebaSi~, ciklidan — `sasursaTo programa moqmedebaSi~, saubari — `qarTuli puris aRorZinebisaTvis~ — 1983. 13. 04). aseTi `misadageba~ aucilebelia Tundac imitom, rom, rogorc wesi, saq. kp centralur komitetSi sistematurad igzavneba gasacnobad radioredaqciebis wliuri, kvartaluri da Tviuri gegmebi da aravis ar unda Seeparos eWvi, rom saqarTvelos ra-dio ar iTvaliswinebs partiisa da xelisuflebis moTxovnebs.

programis swor dabalansebas, mauwyeblobis optimaluri struqturis Camoyalibebas aZnelebs agreTve sakavSiro radi-os gadacemebis savaldebulo CarTva respublikur programa-Si. garda imisa, rom saqarTvelos radioSi sistematurad mzaddeboda publicisturi, mxatvruli da sabavSvo gadaceme-bi rusul enaze (gansakuTrebiT 1960-1970 wlebSi), moskovidan translirebuli gadacemebis moculobam 1990 wlis bolos-Tvis 7 saaTs miaRwia: respublikur radioprogramaSi erTve-boda sakavSiro ùkanaskneli cnobebis~ 5-6 gamoSveba, `mili-onTa leninuri universiteti~, `pionerskaia zorka~, `Celovek i zakon~, `zemlia i liudi~, `vremia, sobitia, liudi~, `radios-tancia ìunost~ da mravali sxva. aRarafers vityviT leninis, oqtombris revoluciis Tu didi samamulo omis saiubileo TariRebze, sayrilobo gadacemebze da a.S.

TiTqmis yovel sakavSiro rubrikas saqarTvelos radioSi hqonda Sesabamisi qarTuli rubrika, xSirad ki igive saxelwo-debac: àdamiani da kanoni~, `radiosadguri `siWabuke~, `saer-TaSoriso mimoxilva~, `partiuli cxovreba~, `sabWoebi da cxovreba~, àxali wignebi~ da a.S. bevri rubrikis masalebi iTargmneboda da sistematurad gadaicemoda saqarTvelos ra-dioeTerSi (`milionTa leninuri universiteti~, `leninuri

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almanaxi~, `didebi da patarebi~ da sxv.). Tavis mxriv, saqarTve-los radioc iRebda garkveul monawileobas sakavSiro radi-oprogramaSi. garda imisa, rom sakavSiro eTerSi drodadro gadaicemoda qarTveli radioJurnalistebis namuSevrebi (uf-ro xSirad saiubileo da sazeimo dReebSi, did politikur movlenebTan dakavSirebiT), yovelwliurad ewyoboda e.w. `moZme respublikebis radiofestivalebi~ — sakavSiro radios programaSi erTi dRe eTmoboda ama Tu im respublikas, ufro zustad, dRis programaSi 2-3 saaTis saerTo moculobiT Car-Tuli iyo respublikuri radios mier momzadebuli gadaceme-bi. Cveni respublikis programa umetes SemTxvevaSi 25 Teber-vals, saqarTvelos gasabWoebis dRes gadaicemoda. aqve aR-vniSnavT, rom sakavSiro radios Tavisi korespondentebic hyavda saqarTveloSi. maT teleradiocentris SenobaSi gamo-yofili hqondaT xmis Camweri studia, sxva teqnikuri saSuale-bani da sistematurad awvdidnen masalebs sakavSiro radios sxvadasxva redaqciebs, ZiriTadad ki `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ redaqcias (60-70-ian wlebSi korespondentebad muSaobdnen marlen lobJaniZe da mixeil fiCxaZe).

saerTod, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom, miuxedavad zemoT aRniS-nuli xarvezebisa, saqarTvelos radios pirveli programa (me-ore programa, rogorc vnaxeT, gansxvavebuli, specializebu-li xasiaTisaa) warmoadgenda publicisturi, mxatvruli da sa-ganmanaTleblo informaciis Semcvel mwyobr, mizanmimarTul sistemas, romelsac zustad gansazRvruli sazogadoebrivi funqciebis Sesruleba evaleboda. sabWoTa saqarTvelos ra-dio mTeli Tavisi arsebobis manZilze saerTo-sakavSiro te-leradiomauwyeblobis ganuyofel nawils Seadgenda da, cxa-dia, damoukidebeli samauwyeblo politika ar gaaCnda. misi politika emyareboda zemoT ganxilul marqsistul-leninur Sexedulebebs Jurnalistikis rolsa da adgilze saxelmwifos politikur struqturaSi, ganisazRvreboda partiuli gadawy-vetilebebiTa da dadgenilebebiT, romlebic saerTo iyo yve-la sabWoTa sainformacio saSualebisaTvis, uSualod eqvem-debareboda partiuli organoebis kontrolsa da miTiTebebs.

ra Tqma unda, aTeuli wlebis manZilze mauwyeblobis struqtura ar SeiZleboda ucvleli darCeniliyo — socia-

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lur-politikuri procesebis Sesabamisad icvleboda Temati-ka, ixveweboda Janrebi da formebi, ufro srulad gamoiyene-boda radios specifikuri SesaZleblobani. magram ucvleli rCeboda Zalismieri programirebis principi. radioprograma gamoxatavda komunikatoris — saqarTvelos radios, rogorc saxelmwifo informaciuli organos — Tvalsazrissa da inte-resebs. radioSi naTqvami sityva aRiqmeboda oficiozis azris gamomxatvelad, xelisuflebis naTqvam sityvad. nebismieri ga-dacemis xarisxi ganisazRvreboda ara auditoriis interese-bisa da moTxovnilebebis, masze zemoqmedebis efeqtianobis mixedviT, aramed upirvelesad teqstis `ideurobiT~ — arse-bul ideologiur dogmebTan SesabamisobiT.

amgvar publicistikas msmeneli TiTqos arc sWirdeboda, igi ZiriTadad zemdgomi organoebis moTxovnaTa dakmayofi-lebaze iyo gaTvaliswinebuli. Zneli warmosadgenia, rom ma-sobrivi msmeneli hyoloda `pravdis~ mowinave statias~, `mi-lionTa leninur universitets~, `mecnieruli komunizmis sa-fuZvlebs~, `socialisturi Sejibrebis dRiurs~, `partiul cxovrebas~ da mraval sxva msgavs gadacemas, romlebic aTeu-li wlebis manZilze mudmivad iyo saqarTvelos radios prog-ramaSi. sabWoTa radiopropaganda Tavisi sworxazovnebis gamo ar SeiZleboda efeqtiani yofiliyo. igi mxolod garduvalo-bis STabeWdilebas qmnida (iseve, rogorc sayovelTao saval-debulo politikuri swavleba) da totalurobisa da monopo-liurobis xarjze Tu axerxebda raime zemoqmedebas sazoga-doebrivi azris formirebaze. radiopropagandis es ZiriTadi niSan-Tviseba gamoixata sazogadoebaSi damkvidrebuli ste-reotipiT — `ra radiosaviT laparakob~, aisaxa xelovnebis na-warmoebebSi (sakmarisia gavixsenoT kinofilmebi: `giorgobis-Tve~, `laqa~, `aRdgoma~, sadac daZabul, dramatul situacieb-Si radioreproduqtori meqanikurad dudunebs miRweul war-matebebsa da partiis mier dasaxul axal amocanebze).

amave dros, erTgvar paradoqsad warmogvidgeba is mdgo-mareoba, rom yvela partiuli dadgenileba masobrivi infor-maciis saSualebaTa Sesaxeb moiTxovs auditoriis Seswavlas da sazogadoebis sxvadasxva jgufebis interesebisa da moTx-ovnilebebis gaTvaliswinebas. 60-ian wlebSi metad popularu-

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lia radiomsmenelTa daswrebuli Tu dauswrebeli konferen-ciebi (80-ian wlebSi igi Seicvala radio-televiziis dReebiT — sxvadasxva regionSi redaqciebis gasvliT). didi mniSvnelo-ba eniWeba radiomsmenelebis fostas, romelic xSirad gadace-mis xarisxianobis ZiriTad kriteriumad aris miCneuli (Tumca werilebis umravlesoba musikalur dakveTebs Seexeba, anda, iSviaTad, saCivars warmoadgens). aqedan gamomdinare, werile-bi upiratesad gamoiyeneba musikalur ciklebSi (`koncerti radiomsmenelTa TxovniT~, `saRamo mSvidobisa~, `studenturi diskoTeka~ da a.S.) da kritikul gadacemebSi (`redaqciaSi we-rili movida~, `roca redaqciaSi werili modis~ da sxv.).

SedarebiT gvian daiwyo teleradiokomitetSi sazogado-ebrivi azris SeswavlisTvis sociologiuri meTodebis gamo-yeneba. mxolod 1978 wlis bolos Camoyalibda Sesabamisi orga-nizaciuli struqtura — sociologiuri kvlevisa da mecnie-ruli programirebis mTavari redaqcia (samecniero centri). marTalia, ramdenime wliT adre komitetSi orkaciani samecni-ero-meToduri ganyofilebac arsebobda, magram mas serio-zul gamokvlevebze xeli ar miuwvdeboda. samecniero centrs ki, sadac sakmao Zalebma moiyara Tavi, evaleboda `tele- da radioauditoriis sistematuri da gegmazomieri Seswavla, misi interesebis, moTxovnilebebis, erovnuli da fsiqologiuri Taviseburebebis gamokvleva da programirebis mecnieruli rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba~. centri ZiriTadad televiziis problemebiT iyo dakavebuli da radioauditorias lokalurad swavlobda regionebSi radio-televiziis dReebis mowyobisas.

yovelive zemoTqmuli saqarTvelos radios funqcionire-bis principebisa da meTodebis Sesaxeb upiratesad publicis-tur mauwyeblobas Seexeba. kulturul-saganmanaTleblo ma-uwyebloba — literaturis, xelovnebis, mecnierebis propa-ganda — ra Tqma unda, aseve eqvemdebareboda xelisuflebis kontrols, magram Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom TviTon kultu-ra erovnuli fenomenia (Tumca iTvleboda, rom sabWoTa ere-bis kultura mxolod formiT iyo erovnuli, SinaarsiT ki — socialisturi), misi gavrceleba xels uwyobda erovnuli cnobierebis Camoyalibebas, radiomsmenelebis patriotul aRzrdas. Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mTeli Tavisi arsebo-

151

bis manZilze saqarTvelos radiom udidesi roli Seasrula erovnuli kulturis dacvasa da ganviTarebaSi, qarTveli ra-diomsmenelebisaTvis sxvadasxva eris kulturis (ZiriTadad musikaluri da literaturuli nawarmoebebis) gacnobaSi, zo-gadsakacobrio humanisturi Rirebulebebis gavrcelebasa da damkvidrebaSi.

radios ganviTarebis axal etapze naTlad gamoCnda, rom misi specifika ucvleli ar aris. eTerSi zepiri saubris pir-dapirma gadacemam da dokumenturi magnituri Canaweris far-Tod gamoyenebam sabolood Camoacila radiopublicistika sagazeTo Jurnalistikis gavlenas. televiziis damkvidrebam ki aiZula radio isev specifikis gaRrmavebaze ezruna, rac ga-moixata rogorc axali formebis ZiebiT, ise, ufro metad, au-ditoriis sxvadasxva jgufis Sesabamisad gadacemebis dife-renciaciiTa da funqciebis dakonkretebiT.

sazogadoebis gansxvavebuli jgufebis moTxovnilebaTa gaTvaliswineba yovelTvis iTvleboda radiomauwyeblobis erT-erT ZiriTad principad, magram am periodSi man umaRles dones miaRwia da radios specifikur Tvisebad iqca. es proce-si 60-iani wlebidan aSkarad gamoikveTa sazRvargareTis qvey-nebis radiomauwyeblobaSi sxvadasxva formatis radiosadgu-rebis masobrivi warmoSobiT.

saqarTveloSi (da, saerTod, mTel kavSirSi) radioarxebis amgvari, misamarTis mixedviT diferenciacia, naklebad sag-rZnobi iyo, rac, upirvelesad, sabWoTa radiomauwyeblobis mkacri centralizaciiT iyo ganpirobebuli da ZiriTadad wa-rimarTa programis (arxis) SigniT rubrikaciis gafarToebis xarjze. calke radiosadgurebi mosaxleobis sxvadasxva nawi-lisaTvis ar Seqmnila. arc saqarTvelos radios II programas hyolia sakuTari auditoria 40 wlis manZilze.

televiziasTan konkurenciam, mauwyeblobis maqsimalur diferenciaciasTan erTad, gamoiwvia kidev erTi mniSvnelova-ni Sedegi — funqciebis gadanawileba maT Soris, rac aseve mkveTrad gamoCnda sazRvargareTis mauwyeblobaSi: radio daspecialda axali ambebisa da musikis gadacemaSi. `axali am-bebi plus musika~ ucxoeTis radiosadgurebis umravlesobis erT-erT ZiriTad principad iqca.

152

sabWoTa radiomauwyeblobaSi arc am process hqonia ga-mokveTili xasiaTi. sakavSiro radioSi igi amoiwura 1964 wels axali, sadReRamiso sainformacio-musikaluri arxis `maiakis~ (imave meore programis) SeqmniT. saqarTveloSi ki msgavsi fun-qciuri specializaciis magaliTad SeiZleba CaiTvalos gaci-lebiT gvian, 80-ian wlebSi, vrceli sainformacio-musikaluri blokis, radiosadgur `macnesa~ da sainformacio-musikaluri programebis — `pikis saaTisa~ da `dilis talRis~ warmoSoba.

2. mauwyeblobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebani

informaciuli mauwyebloba. axal ambebs, operatiul sa-informacio gamoSvebebs radiomauwyeblobaSi yovelTvis wam-yvani adgili eWira da, Sesabamisad, informaciis mTavari re-daqcia erT-erT yvelaze mniSvnelovan rgols warmoadgenda saqarTvelos radios organizaciul struqturaSi. bevrma Jurnalistma aq gaiara profesiuli momzadebis skola da igi ricxobrivadac aRemateboda sxva redaqciebs. 50-iani wlebis bolodan da 60-iani wlebidan aq muSaobdnen g. maisuraZe, a. margvelaSvili, z. maxaraZe, g. mRebriSvili, a. buzukaSvili, m. balaxaZe, m. biniaSvili, a. gegeWkori, g. TevzaZe, T. kobalaZe, d. kikvaZe, k. faliani da sxv. 60-iani wlebis meore naxevridan da 70-ian wlebSi maTi nawili sxva redaqciebSi gadavida, mag-ram informaciul mauwyeblobaSi movidnen: g. qvriviSvili, v. dvali, m. adamia, S. adomliSvili, g. gelovani, r. avazaSvili, d. askurava, g. goCitaSvili, i. burWulaZe, l. gordaZe, v. sama-daZe da sxv.

1957-1984 wlebSi saqarTvelos radioSi sainformacio ga-moSvebebs isev `ukanaskneli cnobebi~ ewodeboda, Tumca maTi perioduloba, qronometraJi da eTerSi gasvlis dro garkve-ul cvlilebebs ganicdida. yoveldRiurad, Cveulebriv, 6-7 gamoSveba gadaicemoda: pirveli, 10-wuTiani gamoSveba adrian diliT, programis gaxsnisTanave, 6 saaTsa da 5 wuTze gadioda eTerSi, bolo, 5-wuTiani gamoSveba ki asrulebda dRis prog-ramas 23 saaTsa da 55 wuTze. es pirvel programaze, meore programiT ki yoveldRiurad gadaicemoda `ukanaskneli cno-bebis~ kidev ori 5-wuTiani gamoSveba. garda amisa, mzaddeboda

153

ùkanaskneli cnobebis~ rusulenovani gamoSveba saxelwode-biT — `respublikuri cnobebi rusul enaze~, romelic 1980 wlamde, kviradRis garda, yoveldRiurad gadaicemoda 18 sa-aTsa da 30 wuTze 15 wuTis moculobiT. 1980-1986 wlebSi, pa-raskevs `pikis saaTis~ Casmis gamo, man gadmoinacvla 19 saaTsa da 30 wuTze (mxolod am dRes), magram 1986 wlis meore naxevri-dan kvlav daubrunda Cveul adgils. am gamoSvebas amzadebda calke jgufi, romelSic sxvadasxva dros Sediodnen: evgeni domoracki, kora wereTeli, mixeil fiCxaZe, Tamaz kandelaki, mzia kutivaZe, liudmila praga da sxv.

mravalwliani praqtikis safuZvelze Camoyalibda sain-formacio gamoSvebis agebis sami ZiriTadi proncipi: 1. in-formaciaSi asaxuli movlenis sazogadoebrivi mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswineba (masalebis ganlageba aqtualurobis mixed-viT); 2. Tematuri erTianobis dacva (erT Temaze informaciebi erTad unda dajgufdes, magaliTad, politikuri, ekonomiku-ri, kulturuli Tu sxva niSniT); 3. masalebis geografiuli ganawileba (Tu informaciebi daaxloebiT erTnairi mniSvne-lobisaa, Tanamimdevrulad unda ganlagdes regionuli, res-publikuri Tu saerTaSoriso ambebi).

ùkanaskneli cnobebisa~ da `respublikuri cnobebis~ ga-moSvebebi 1957-1984 wlebSi dRis manZilze qvemoT moyvanili ganrigiT gadaicemoda (ix. cxrili).

ùkanaskneli cnobebi~ operatiulad asaxavda respublikis politikuri, ekonomikuri Tu kulturuli cxovrebis aqtua-lur movlenebs (ra Tqma unda, sakavSiro da saerTaSoriso in-formaciasTan erTad), magram maTi informaciuli datvirTva dRis manZilze, cxadia, erTnairi ar iyo. diliT, rogorc wesi, gadaicemoda wina dRis yvelaze mniSvnelovani informacia, 11 saaTidan TandaTan iwyeboda mimdinare dRis movlenebis gaSu-qeba, rac ufro srulad aisaxeboda 17-18 da 19.30-20 saaTis 10-15-wuTian gamoSvebebSi. dRis Sejameba xdeboda yvelaze vrcel, 20-wuTian gamoSvebaSi 22 saaTsa da 30 wuTze. informaciebs, ro-gorc wesi, diqtorebis wyvili — qali da mamakaci — kiTxulob-da. gamoSveba xSirad Seicavda dokumentur Canawerebs: mokle gamosvlebs, interviuebs, reportaJebs, komentarebs.

154

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zogierTi gamoSveba Tematuri xasiaTisa iyo. ase magali-Tad, 1960-1970 wlebSi kviradRes, 17 saaTze ùkanaskneli cno-bebis~ nacvlad gadaicemoda 10-15-wuTiani `saerTaSoriso mi-moxilva~, 1970 wlis noembris bolodan igi Seicvala 10-wuTia-ni `msoflios erTi kviris ambebiT~ (1978-1982 wlebSi man gada-inacvla SabaT dRes, 18 saaTze). aseve Tematuri xasiaTi hqon-da sainformacio gamoSvebas sasoflo-sasursaTo warmoebaze, romelic 1984 wlis aprilidan 10 wuTis xangrZlivobiT, yo-veldRiurad gadaicemoda ùkanaskneli cnobebis~ 19 saaTsa da 30 wuTis gamoSvebis magivrad saxelwodebiT — àgrosamrew-velo kompleqsi: sadReiso sazrunavi~.

ùkanaskneli cnobebi~ rubrikebis sistemaze iyo agebuli, rac mas saSualebas aZlevda seriulad, xangrZlivi drois man-Zilze gaeSuqebina esa Tu is Tema da amave dros operatiulad gamoxmaureboda yvela mniSvnelovan movlenas (axali rubri-kis SemotaniT). ase magaliTad, 1960 wlis 29 ivliss gazeTi `laparakobs Tbilisi~ iuwyeboda: `ras vakeTebT teqnikuri progresisaTvis~ — aseTi rubrika SemoiRo saqarTvelos radi-os ùkanasknel cnobaTa~ redaqciam. yoveldRe, 19 saaTis ga-moSvebaSi mikrofonTan gamodian Cveni respublikis sawarmo-Ta xelmZRvanelebi, samecniero-kvleviTi institutebis muSa-kebi, konstruqtorebi, inJinrebi, racionalizatorebi. isini laparakoben imaze, Tu rogor ibrZvian sawarmoo koleqtivebi warmoebaSi mecnierebisa da teqnikis uaxlesi miRwevebis da-nergvisaTvis, skkp centraluri komitetis ivlisis plenumis dadgenilebaTa gansaxorcieleblad. ùkanaskneli cnobebis~ 19 saaTis gamoSvebaSi gaCnda kidev erTi axali rubrika — `la-parakoben komunisturi Sromis adamianebi~. mikrofonTan ga-modian is adamianebi, vinc dRes ukeT Sromobs, vidre guSin. komunisturi Sromis adamianebi samSoblos, xalxs aZleven pi-robas, rom warmatebiT Seasruleben nakisr valdebulebebs. xolo imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor sruldeba es valdebulebani, gi-ambobT ùkanaskneli cnobebis~ axali rubrika ìcnobdeT, isi-ni komunisturi Sromis adamianebi arian~.

ùkanaskneli cnobebis~ redaqcia aseve operatiulad ga-moexmaura skkp centraluri komitetis 1964 wlis Tebervlis plenums, romelmac ganixila skkp centraluri komitetis ma-

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Sindeli pirveli mdivnis n. xruSCovis moxseneba — `warmoebis intensifikacia soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis mTavari mi-marTulebaa~ da miiRo dadgenileba ekonomikis Semdgomi gan-viTarebis, kvebis produqtebze xalxis mzardi moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb. 21 Tebervlidan eTerSi gamoCnda rubrika àvamoqmedoT soflis meurneobis intensifikaciis rezervebi~.1

ar yofila kompartiis arc erTi yriloba, plenumi, saiu-bileo TariRi, politikuri RonisZieba (sakavSiro Tu respub-likuri), Svidwledi Tu xuTwledi, sasursaTo programis Tu xarisxis amaRlebis kampania, rom mas specialuri rubrikiT ar gamoxmaurebodes ùkanaskneli cnobebis~ redaqcia. Camoya-libda rubrikebis tipuri saxelwodebebi: `... yrilobis Tu plenumis Sesaxvedrad~, `... yrilobis Tu plenumis gadawyveti-lebani — cxovrebaSi~, `leninis iubiles Tu samamulo omis wlisTavis Sesaxvedrad~, `xarisxi — upirvelesi sazrunavi~, èkonomikuri reforma moqmedebs~ da a.S.

periodulad mzaddeboda Tematuri gamoSvebebi sxvadas-xva kampaniasTan dakavSirebiT. magaliTad, 1980 wels 8 oqtom-bridan sami kviris manZilze — orSabaTs, samSabaTs, oTxSabaTs da xuTSabaTs — 19 saaTsa da 30 wuTze ùkanaskneli cnobebis~ adgili eWira aTwuTian specialur sainformacio gamoSvebas `rTveli-80~, xolo 1984 wlis 17 seqtembridan ori kviris gan-mavlobaSi ùkanaskneli cnobebis~ 17 saaTis gamoSvebas yovel-dRiurad cvlida specialuri sainformacio programa `rTvel-Sia saqarTvelos studentoba~ (15 wuTi). aseve, 1982 wlis ivni-sidan oqtombris bolomde 19 saaTsa da 30 wuTis ùkanasknel cnobebs~ yoveldRiurad enacvleboda aTwuTiani sainforma-cio gamoSveba `qarTuli Cais prestiJisaTvis~ (seqtembridan — `qarTuli Cais RirsebisaTvis~). aseTi mimdinare TemebisTvis xSirad icvleboda ùkanaskneli cnobebis~ gamoSveba xuTSaba-TobiT, 18 saaTze. magaliTad, leninis dabadebis 100 wlisTav-Tan dakavSirebiT, am droSi 1969 wlis 24 aprilidan erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi gadaicemoda xuTwuTiani sainformacio radio-biuleteni — àmierkavkasiis respublikebi v. i. leninis iubi-

1 gaz. `laparakobs Tbilisi~, 1961, 21.02, # 8.

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les Sesaxvedrad~. 1976 wels, ianvar-TebervalSi amave droSi Cajda yovelkvireuli xuTwuTiani sainformacio gamoSveba — àmierkavkasiis moZme sabWoTa respublikebSi~ (igi eZRvneboda skkp 25-e yrilobas, romelic 24 Tebervals gaixsna).

drodadro respublikur eTerSi calke sainformacio ga-moSvebis saxiT gamoCndeboda xolme avtonomiuri regionebis axali ambebic, romlebsac adgilobrivi radiokomitetebi am-zadebdnen. magaliTad, 1960 wels, oTxSabaTobiT, 11 saaTze monacvleobiT gadaicemoda 15-wuTiani programebi: `lapara-kobs soxumi!~ `laparakobs baTumi!~, `laparakobs staliniri!~ (1962 wlidan — cxinvali). 1961-1962 wlebSi man gadainacvla xuTSabaTs, 11 saaTze, 1963 wels ki — 12 saaTze. 1964 wlidan es gamoSvebebi Sewyda da ganaxlda mxolod 15 wlis Semdeg: 1978 wlis ivnisidan 1987 wlis bolomde, xuTSabaTobiT, 18 saaTze, morigeobiT gadaicemoda àfxazeTis axali ambebi~, àWaris axali ambebi~, `samxreT oseTis axali ambebi~ (10 wuTis mocu-lobiT). 1988 wels am gadacemebma paraskeobiT, 18 saaTze gada-inacvla saxelwodebiT — `radiogadaZaxili: xazzea soxumi (ba-Tumi, cxinvali)~ — TbilisSi firze Cawerili gadacemebi ki aRar igzavneboda, aramed pirdapir respublikur eTerSi er-Tvebodnen adgilobrivi radiostudiebi.

1978-1980 wlebSi TveSi erTxel, xuTSabaTs, 18 saaTze (es dro danarCen sam xuTSabaTs, rogorc aRvniSneT, avtonomiur regionebs eTmoboda), gadaicemoda `Tbilisis axali ambebi~ (10 wuTi). magram aseTi perioduloba dedaqalaqis siaxleebis-Tvis namdvilad ar iyo sakmarisi da 1981-1982 wlebSi man yo-velkvireuli programis saxe miiRo — gadaicemoda yovel oTx-SabaTs, 18 saaTze, 10 wuTis moculobiT.

aseTi saxiT warmogvidgeba saqarTvelos radios sainfor-macio gamoSvebebi 1957-1984 wlebSi. TiTqmis sami aTeuli wlis manZilze maTi tradiciuli forma da kompoziciuri struq-tura arsebiTad ar Secvlila. magram, rogorc aRvniSneT, eTerSi monopoliis dakargvam da informaciis axal, audiovi-zualur saSualebasTan mZlavrma konkurenciam aiZula radio aqtiurad ezruna Tavisi auditoriis SenarCunebisaTvis, rac upirvelesad sakuTari specifikuri formebis ZiebiT gamoixa-ta da ganapiroba eTerSi informaciul-musikaluri programe-

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bis damkvidreba. mas safuZvlad daedo `jer erTi, radios di-di upiratesoba operatiuli informaciisa da musikis gavrce-lebis mxriv (isini emyareba radios or ZiriTad specifikur Tvisebas — translaciurobas, rac operatiulobis safuZve-lia da akustikurobas, romelic yvelaze metad Seesabameba musikis bgeriT bunebas) da, meore, audioinformaciis aRqmis Tavisebureba — informaciis uwyveti miwodeba garkveuli drois Semdeg adunebs msmenelis yuradRebas, musikis CarTva ki ganmuxtavs am mdgomareobas da ganawyobs mas Semdgomi in-formaciis mosasmenad~.1 amas garkveulad Seuwyo xeli agreT-ve radioJurnalebis radioprogramebad gardaqmnis tenden-ciam, iseTi krebiTi formebis damkvidrebam, sadac calkeuli masalebi wamyvanis, Jurnalistis pirovnebiT aris gaerTiane-buli da aucileblad iTvaliswinebs improvizaciis, audito-riisadmi pirdapiri mimarTvis momentebs.

tradiciuli sainformacio gamoSvebis naxevrad oficia-luri tonisagan gansxvavebiT sainformacio-musikaluri pro-gramisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia zepiri sityvis specifikis gaT-valiswineba, Txrobis sasaubro stili, teqstebisa da musika-luri nomrebis lakoniuroba. rac mTavaria, aseT formebSi maqsimalurad gamoiyeneba pirdapiri eTeris upiratesobani. teqnologiuri TvalsazrisiT, sainformacio gamoSvebebi yo-velTvis pirdapir mauwyeblobas miekuTvneboda da `cocxlad~ gadaicemoda eTerSi (ra Tqma unda, maTSi CarTuli dokumen-turi Canawerebis gamoklebiT), magram moklebuli iyo yovel-gvar improvizacias — guldasmiT redaqtirebul teqstebs diqtorebi ucvlelad kiTxulobdnen eTerSi (maT arc SeeZ-loT raimes Secvla, kidec rom moendomebinaT). sainformacio--musikaluri programis wamyvani Jurnalisti ki pirdapir eTerSi telefoniT moipovebs sxvadasxva cnobas, esaubreba studiaSi mosul stumars, ekamaTeba an eTanxmeba Tavis partniors da a.S. aranaklebi mniSvneloba aqvs imasac, rom programaSi Tavidan-ve cxaddeba saTanado telefonis nomrebi da msmenels saSua-leba eZleva uSualod gadacemis procesSi daukavSirdes wam-yvanebs, miawodos Tavisi azri, Txovna Tu kritikuli SeniSvna.

1 iberi e. radioJurnalistika, Tbilisi, 2003, gv. 113.

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saqarTvelos radioSi pirveli sainformacio-musikaluri programa iyo `naSuadRevs~, romelic 1979 wlis 31 agvistodan 16 noembris CaTvliT yovel paraskevs gadaicemoda saRamos 18 saaTze, sanam am dros `pikis saaTi~ daikavebda. igi specialu-rad Seiqmna im mizniT, rom msmeneli `waerTmia~ `amerikis xmis~ qarTuli programisaTvis, romelic am dros gamodioda eTer-Si — amitom iyo nebadarTuli masSi sazRvargareTis popula-ruli moduri saestrado musikis CarTva, risi uflebac sxva programebs ar hqondaT. `naSuadRevis~ gadacema ganaxlda 1981 wlis 15 aprilidan, oTxSabaTobiT, misi saxelwodebisaTvis ufro Sesaferis dros — 12 saaTsa da 10 wuTze, 50 wuTis mocu-lobiT. 1982 wels misi xangrZlivoba erT saaTamde gaizarda (12-dan 13 saaTamde), magram 1983 wlidan 1986 wlis 15 aprilam-de isev 50 wuTi gaxda da kvlav 12.10-ze gadaicemoda. 15 apri-lidan wlis bolomde `naSuadRevs~ samSabaTobiT gadaicemoda 12 saaTsa da 15 wuTze, magram Semdeg wels aRar gagrZelebu-la, radgan am droisaTvis `pikis saaTi~ yovel samuSao dRes ukve orjer gadioda eTerSi.

`pikis saaTSi~ praqtikuli ganxorcieleba pova sainfor-macio-musikaluri programis yvela niSan-Tvisebam, romlebic zemoT ganvixileT. mis SeqmnaSi didi wvlili miuZRviT radio-Jurnalistebs v. nanitaSvilsa da g. leJavas, mogvianebiT ki — n. jafariZes, d. Sonavas, S. gegeWkors da sxv. saqarTvelos ra-dios kviris dabeWdil programaSi `pikis saaTi~ pirvelad ga-moCnda 1979 wlis 23 noembers, paraskevs, 18 saaTze, erTi saaTis moculobiT da yovelTvis am dros gadaicemoda wlis bolom-de. 1980 wlis 13 oqtombridan mas kidev daemata erTi gamoSve-ba orSabaTobiT, 8 saaTsa da 15 wuTze, romelmac 1983 wlidan 1986 wlis ivlisis CaTvliT 7 saaTsa da 40 wuTze gadainacvla.

`pikis saaTis~ identuri iyo sainformacio-musikaluri programa `dilis talRa~, im gansxvavebiT, rom informaciis ki ara, musikaluri programebis mTavar redaqciaSi mzaddeboda (avtori da wamyvani — gela leJava). igi 1982 wlis 27 martidan yovel paraskevs gadioda 7 saaTsa da 30 wuTze, 30 wuTis mocu-lobiT. 1987 wlidan masac `pikis saaTi~ daerqva da CaerTo am programis xuTdRian sistemaSi.

metad sagulisxmoa saqarTvelos radios programaSi in-

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formaciul-musikaluri (Tu informaciul-mxatvruli) blo-kebis Seqmnis praqtika. pirveli aseTi cda jer kidev 70-iani wlebis dasawyisSi iyo: 1971 wlis 13 agvistodan maTTvis, visac 12-dan 13 saaTamde Sesveneba hqonda (ZiriTadad fabrika-qar-xnebis muSebisaTvis), saqarTvelos radiom paraskeobiT Semoi-Ro gadacemaTa bloki (anu `rkali~, rogorc maSin uwodeb-dnen). masSi Sedioda sawarmoo tanvarjiSi, `ukanasknel cnoba-Ta~ gamoSveba, komentari saerTaSoriso Temaze, gamoCenili poetebis leqsebi, nawyvetebi speqtaklebidan, pasuxi radiom-smenelTa SekiTxvebze da, ra Tqma unda, musika. radiomsmene-lebs sTxovdnen Tavad SeerCiaT musikaluri, literaturuli Tu dramatuli nawarmoebebi (cxadia, mcire zomisa an nawyve-tis saxiT), gamoegzavnaT SekiTxvebi da winadadebebi.1 `maT-Tvis, visac axla Sesveneba aqvs~ 1980 wlis bolomde gadaice-moda da yovel paraskevs rogorc eTerSi, ise gazeTSi dabeW-dil programaSi cxaddeboda koncertis Semdgeneli pirovne-bis vinaoba (rogorc wesi — `mowinave~ muSis, kolmeurnis Tu inteligentis).

sxva gadacemebidan, romlebsac 1957-1984 wlebSi amzadeb-da informaciis mTavari redaqcia, aRsaniSnavia qarTuli da rusuli respublikuri gazeTebis yoveldRiuri mimoxilva (garda orSabaTisa) 9.30-10.00-is farglebSi. 1979-1984 wlebSi mas daemata gazeTi `pravdis~ aseve yoveldRiuri (garda kvi-radRisa) mimoxilva qarTul enaze (11.10, 20 an 30 wuTze) — ru-sulad igi Tavidanve iyo CarTuli saqarTvelos radios pir-vel programaSi moskovidan translaciis saxiT. aseve, Tavi-danve (1939 wlidan) gadaicemoda da kvlav grZeldeboda radi-omsmenelebisaTvis qarTulad Targmnili `pravdis~ mowinave statiis miwodeba (garda SabaT-kvirisa) — igulisxmeboda, rom igi yoveldRiurad iZleoda drois Sesabamis direqtivebs. yo-veldRiurad gadaicemoda gancxadebebic da cnoba amindis Se-saxeb. informaciis mTavari redaqciis funqcias Seadgenda ag-reTve mniSvnelovani politikuri Tu sazeimo RonisZiebebis translaciebis organizacia da pirdapiri reportaJebis mowyoba.

informaciul mauwyeblobaSi farTo adgili eWira spor-

1 gaz. `laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi~, 1971, 13.08, # 33.

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tul gadacemebs — rogorc sportis axal ambebs, ise mniSvne-lovan sportul RonisZiebaTa translaciebs (`ukanaskneli cnobebis~ redaqciaSi sportuli korespondentis specialuri Static iyo gamoyofili. aq wlebis manZilze muSaobdnen jer nodar giorgobiani, Semdeg ki — Tamila kaxiZe). yoveldRiurad dilis 7 saaTsa da 10 wuTze eTerSi iyo `dilis varjiSi~. mas rigrigobiT uZRvebodnen tanmovarjiSeebi — grigol mamar-daSvili da moreta zviadaZe, romlebsac pirdapir eTerSi akompanirebas uwevda kompozitori lili iaSvili. `dilis var-jiSi~ 1992 wlamde iyo eTerSi (drogamoSvebiT am varjiSis sai-lustracio sqemac ibeWdeboda komitetis gazeTSi `lapara-kobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi~).

garda amisa, yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda radioJurnali `fizkultura da sporti~ (Tavdapirvelad erqva `yuradReba, startze!~), romelsac sportuli redaqcia amzadebda. es re-daqcia 1967 wels Seiqmna (manamde, rogorc adre aRiniSna, sportuli Jurnali axalgazrdobis redaqciaSi mzaddeboda). misi pirveli ufrosi redaqtori iyo givi samsonaZe, Semdeg ki sxvadasxva dros mas xelmZRvanelobdnen: Tamaz gabelia, gior-gi gigauri, arCil gogelia, nodar giorgobiani, Tamila kaxiZe. redaqcia jer radios programebis direqcias eqvemdebarebo-da, Semdeg ki Sevida televiziisa da radios sportuli prog-ramebis gaerTianebul mTavar redaqciaSi. aq wlebis manZilze muSaobda Statian da StatgareSe avtorTa maRalprofesiuli koleqtivi — Jurnalistebi: nodar jafariZe, nodar guguSvi-li, Tengiz giorgaZe, Tengiz gaCeCilaZe, nargiza mesxi, tato lasxiSvili da sxv. operatiul masalebTan erTad momzadda da radios audiofondSi inaxeba radiofilmebi: `Cveni nona~, `Ce-mi falavani~, `maia~, `iyo pirveli da iyo nana aleqsandria~, cikli `saukunis saukeTeso sportsmenebi~.

sazogadoebriv-politikuri mauwyebloba. informaciu-li programebisagan gansxvavebiT, romelTa ZiriTadi daniSnu-leba faqtebisa da movlenebis operatiuli aRnusxvaa, sazoga-doebriv-politikuri gadacemebi Tematur-analitikuri xasi-aTisaa — faqtebisa da movlenebis interpretacia-ganzogade-bas warmoadgens da msmenelebis cnobierebaSi SexedulebaTa sistemis Camoyalibebas emsaxureba. amasTan, isic unda aRiniS-

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nos, rom Tavidan saqarTvelos radioSi es cneba sakmaod far-Tod iyo gagebuli da aerTianebda TiTqmis mTel dokumentur mauwyeblobas informaciuli da sabavSvo-axalgazrduli ga-dacemebis gamoklebiT. 60-ian wlebSi, magaliTad, saqarTve-los radios oTx mTavar redaqcias Soris sazogadoebriv-po-litikuri gadacemebis mTavari redaqcia yvelaze mraval-ricxovani iyo da mTeli mauwyeblobis yvelaze did wils moi-cavda (misi Tematikis sferoSi ekonomikis, socialuri sfero-sa da mecnierebis sakiTxebic Sedioda). 70-iani wlebidan, roca calke gamoiyo saxalxo meurneobis mTavari redaqcia (mrewve-lobis, soflis meurneobisa da samecniero-teqnikuri gadace-mebis redaqciebiT), mas propagandis mTavari redaqcia ewoda da ukve uSualod Semoifargla sazogadoebriv-politikuri TematikiT, zemoT aRniSnuli mimarTulebebiT.

sazogadoebriv-politikuri mauwyebloba Tavisi aqtua-lobisa da gamokveTili propagandistuli xasiaTis gamo yo-velTvis da yvelaze metad ganicdida arsebuli politikuri sistemis zegavlenas. es gansakuTrebiT Seexeboda marqsis-tul-leninuri Teoriis propagandisa da partiuli cxovrebis redaqciisa da sabWoTa moralisa da samarTlis redaqciis saq-mianobas (aq sxvadasxva dros muSaobdnen: givi TevzaZe, marika CxartiSvili, vaxtang dvali, mixeil aroSiZe, nanuli WavWani-Ze, Tina suliaSvili, rezo CxartiSvili, jumber baqraZe, xvTi-savar arCemaSvili, leila eraZe, lamara esarTia, gulnaz ge-lovani, marika silagaZe, dimitri lobJaniZe, lili maisuraZe da sxv.)

aTeuli wlebis manZilze Camoyalibda da mtkiced dam-kvidrda politikuri mauwyeblobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebani da muSaobis orientirebi. uaRresad politizebul sabWoTa sazogadoebaSi mis erT-erT upirveles funqcias Seadgenda politikuri movlenebisa da RonisZiebebis operatiuli asaxva da propaganda. es RonisZiebebi gansazRvravda yvela im Temasa da mimarTulebas, romelic marqsistul-leninuri msof-lmxedvelobis, sabWoTa cxovrebis wesis damkvidrebas emsaxu-reboda. sazogadoebriv-politikuri mauwyeblobis ZiriTadi Tema iyo sabWoTa kavSiris komunisturi partiis yrilobebi (ra Tqma unda, Suqdeboda saqarTvelos komunisturi partiis

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yrilobebic, magram gacilebiT mcire masStabiT). mTeli ideo-logiuri da propagandistuli saqmianoba ganisazRvreboda partiis erTi yrilobidan meore yrilobamde — jer mzadeba yrilobis Sesaxvedrad, mere misi gadawyvetilebebis propa-ganda, mere mzadeba Semdgomi yrilobis Sesaxvedrad da ase da-usruleblad. 1957-1984 wlebSi skkp eqvsi yriloba gaimarTa da radioprogramaSi maTi asaxva saSualebas gvaZlevs naTlad davinaxoT am procesis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi, JurnalistTa saqmianobis ZiriTadi principebi da meTodebi.

yoveli yrilobisaTvis mzadeba iwyeboda TiTqmis erTi wliT adre, yrilobis moaxloebasTan erTad ki izrdeboda Se-sabamisi ciklebisa da rubrikebis raodenoba da periodulo-ba. aTwleulebis manZilze Camoyalibda maTi tipuri saxelwo-debanic: `partiuli yrilobis Sesaxvedrad~, `yrilobidan yrilobamde~, `riT vxvdebiT yrilobas~, `sayrilobo vaxtze~, `winasayrilobo tribuna~, `pataki yrilobas~, `SromiTi saCuq-rebi yrilobas~, `vasrulebT partiuli yrilobisTvis nakisr valdebulebebs~, `Sexvedra yrilobis delegatTan~, `dialogi yrilobis delegatTan~, `mogiTxrobT yrilobis delegateb-ze~ da a.S. zogjer yrilobis Sesaxvedrad specialuri Tematu-ri radiodReebic ewyoboda. ase magaliTad, 1966 wlis 27 marts, skkp 23-e yrilobis gaxsnamde erTi dRiT adre, saqar-Tvelos radiom moawyo radiodRe — `komunistebi yovelTvis wina xazze~. igi radiomsmenelebs acnobda `Cveni respublikis saxelovan adamianebs — komunistebs, romlebic yovelTvis mo-winaveTa rigebSi arian mrewvelobis, soflis meurneobisa da mecnierebis sxvadasxva ubanze~.

yrilobis Semdgomi periodisaTvis tipuria rubrikebi: `laparakoben yrilobis delegatebi~, `delegati dabrunda sa-warmoSi~, `yrilobis gadawyvetilebani cxovrebaSi~, `yrilo-baze iTqva~, `yrilobaze iTqva, ra keTdeba?~ da sxv. iwyeboda yrilobis masalebis swavleba (mikrofonTan gamodiodnen sxvadasxva dargis specialistebi).

sayrilobo gadacemebis meTodikiT sakmaod farTod Suq-deboda skkp da saqarTvelos kompartiis centraluri komite-tebis plenumebic. tradiciuli ciklebia: `plenumis Sesaxved-rad~, `riT vxvdebiT plenums~, `laparakoben plenumis monawi-

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leni~, `plenumis sapasuxod~, `plenumis gadawyvetilebani — cxovrebaSi~ da a.S. (aucilebelia, rom rubrikis saxelwodeba-Si iyos `yriloba~ da `plenumi~, raTa romelime zemdgom orga-nos eWvi ar Seeparos am Temebis gverdis avlaSi).

saqarTvelos radio sistematurad exmaureboda agreTve sabWoTa kavSirisa da saqarTvelos umaRlesi sabWoebis arCev-nebs. arCevnebis wina periodSi `Teoriis specialistebi~ msme-nelebs uxsnidnen sabWoTa saarCevno sistemis WeSmaritad de-mokratiul xasiaTs. magram saarCevno kampaniis yvelaze gav-rcelebuli forma iyo narkvevebi deputatobis kandidatebze. yoveli arCevnebis win, 1-2 TviT adre, saqarTvelos radios programaSi, rogorc wesi, gamoCndeboda xolme rubrika — `de-putatobis kandidatebi~, romelic portretul narkvevebs moicavda. es narkvevebi met-naklebi xarisxisa iyo da gvacnob-da kandidatebis pirovnul da moqalaqeobriv Tvisebebs, mag-ram arc erTi sityva ar iyo naTqvami maT platformaze Tu mo-mavali saqmianobis programaze. Tumca aseTi programa depu-tatobis arc erT kandidats ar gaaCnda da arc sWirdeboda — mis erTaderT funqcias sxdomaze Tanxmobis niSnad xelis awe-va warmoadgenda.

yuradRebis gareSe ar rCeboda arc sxva mniSvnelovani po-litikuri movlenebi. saqarTvelos radiom farTo adgili da-uTmo 1977 wels ssrk axali konstituciis ganxilvis kampanias. programaSi gaCnda axali rubrikebi: `Cveni qveynis ZiriTadi kanoni~, `ganviTarebuli socializmis konstitucia~, `ganvixi-lavT axali konstituciis proeqts~. 1978 wlidan daiwyo sa-qarTvelos axali konstituciis proeqtis ganxilva, sadac aq-tiurad gamoiyenes wina wlis gamocdileba, zogierTi rubri-kis saxelwodebac ki igive darCa: `respublikis ZiriTadi kano-ni~, `ganvixilavT axali konstituciis proeqts~, `ganixilaven, iwoneben, mxars uWeren~, magram eTerSi erTi sityvac ar Tqmu-la am konstituciis proeqtidan qarTuli enis saxelmwifo statusis amoRebis Sesaxeb, romelmac 14 aprils axalgazrdo-bis cnobili saprotesto aqcia gamoiwvia.

politikuri movlenebisa da RonisZiebebis propagandas mWidrod ukavSirdeba mmarTveli organoebis dadgenilebebze operatiuli reagirebis praqtika. ra Tqma unda, gadacemebis

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umravlesoba yrilobebisa Tu plenumebis Sesaxeb upirvele-sad maT gadawyvetilebebsa da dadgenilebebs Seexeboda, mag-ram amasTan erTad savaldebulo propagandas eqvemdebarebo-da sakavSiro Tu respublikuri centraluri komitetisa da ministrTa sabWos uamravi dadgenileba — sagazafxulo samu-Saoebis organizebiT dawyebuli da wigniT vaWrobis gaumjo-besebiT damTavrebuli. zogierTi dadgenilebis Sesaxeb spe-cialuri gegmebic ki dgeboda da saqarTvelos kp centraluri komitetis Sesabamis ganyofilebaSi mtkicdeboda. gansakuT-rebiT gaizarda aseTi dadgenilebebis ricxvi 1972 wlis Sem-deg, roca xelisuflebis saTaveSi partiuli xelmZRvanelo-bis ufro axalgazrda da energiuli Taoba movida.

sazogadoebriv-politikuri mauwyeblobis aseve mniSvne-lovan funqcias Seadgenda sazeimo dReebisa da politikuri TariRebis aRniSvna. sabWoTa sinamdvileSi imdeni sazeimo Tu saiubileo TariRi da politikuri Tu profesiuli dResaswa-uli iyo, rom faqtobrivad maTi saSualebiT SeiZleboda programis Sevseba da saWiro aRar iyo sxva Temebis moZebna. yvelafers rom Tavi davaneboT, mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi TiTqmis yoveli kviradRe romelime profesiis aRniSvnas hqonda daTmobili (maswavleblis dRe, geologis dRe, meSax-tis dRe, metalurgis dRe, qimikosis dRe, tyis muSakis dRe, mebaduris dRe, energetikosis dRe da ase dausruleblad). cxadia, rom am dReebisTvis Sesabamisi gadacemebic mzaddebo-da (ra Tqma unda, miRwevebze da gakvriT calkeul naklovane-bebze) da gadaicemoda koncertic dargis muSakebis dakveTiT. saerTod ki, TiTqmis yoveli wlis programas romelime poli-tikuri movlena an saiubileo TariRi gansazRvravda, magali-Tad, 1969-1970 wlebs — leninis dabadebis 100 wlisTavi, 1971 wels — saqarTvelos gasabWoebis 50 wlisTavi, 1972 wels — sab-WoTa kavSiris Seqmnis 50 wlisTavi. 1975 wels — samamulo omSi gamarjvebis 50 wlisTavi da skkp 25-e yrilobisTvis mzadeba da a.S.

maT Soris, ra Tqma unda, mTavari iyo didi oqtombris so-cialisturi revoluciis mrgvali TariRebis saTanadod aR-niSvna. partiul yrilobebTan erTad revoluciis Temas yo-velTvis wamyvani adgili eWira sazogadoebriv-politikur ma-uwyeblobaSi. mas ukavSirdeboda sabWoTa xelisuflebis wlebSi

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momxdari socialur-ekonomikuri da kulturuli gardaqmne-bis, socializmis upiratesobaTa warmoCena, sabWoTa cxovre-bis wesisa da komunisturi msoflmxedvelobis propaganda (aq-ve garkveviT unda aRvniSnoT, rom amgvar RonisZiebebSi aqti-urad monawileobda ara marto propagandis mTavari redaqcia, romelic, ra Tqma unda, wamyvan rols asrulebda, aramed yve-la redaqcia, maT Soris mxatvruli redaqciebic). gamorCeu-lad aRiniSna saqarTvelos radioSi oqtombris revoluciis 50 wlisTavi. 1967 wlis dasawyisidanve intensiurad CaerTo programaSi rubrikebi: `didi oqtombris iubiles Sesaxved-rad~, `didi oqtombris 50 wlisTavis Sesaxvedrad~, `Rirseuli Sexvedra diad oqtombers~. TiTqmis yoveldRiurad iyo eTer-Si rubrika `saxelovani 50 weli~. 1967 wlis oqtomberSi mo-ewyo tradiciuli Tematuri radiodReebi saqarTvelos eko-nomikaze, mecnierebaze, kulturasa da xelovnebaze — sabWoTa xelisuflebis wlebSi miRweul warmatebebze. april-seqtem-berSi gaimarTa agreTve mokavSire respublikebis radiodRee-bi. imave meTodikiT warimarTa muSaoba 1977 da 1987 wlebSi, mxolod rubrikebSi ukve 60 da 70 wlisTavi iyo aRniSnuli.

oqtombris Temas mWidrod ukavSirdeboda leninis saiubi-leo TariRebis aRniSvna da, saerTod, leninuri Tema sabWoTa radiopropagandaSi. igi mudmivadaa radioprogramaSi (mag., ciklebi: `didi leninis dabadebis 90 wlisTavisaTvis~ — 1960w., `marad ukvdavi~ — 1966w., `leninuri almanaxi~ — 1967-1972 wle-bi), magram gansakuTrebiT farTod aRiniSna leninis dabadebis 100 wlisTavi. 1969 wlidan daiwyo ciklebi: `maT naxes lenini~, `diadi cxovrebis wlebi~ (moskovidan jer translirdeboda rusulad, mere ki iTargmneboda da gadaicemoda qarTulad), `diadi iubiles Sesaxvedrad~ da mravali sxva. naklebi pompe-zurobiT, magram farTod aRiniSna leninis dabadebis 110 wlisTavi 1980 wels.

didi enTuziazmiT aRiniSneboda 25 Tebervali (sabWoTa ruseTis mier damoukidebeli saqarTvelos aneqsiis dRe), ro-gorc saqarTvelos ganTavisuflebis dRe — erovnuli dResas-wauli. magaliTad, 40 wlisTavis aRsaniSnavad ukve 1960 wli-dan Seiqmna rubrika `sabWoTa saqarTvelos 40 wlisTavisaT-vis~. amave periodSi yalibdeboda sabWoTa xelisuflebis

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wlebSi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionebis mier miRweuli warmatebebis Cvenebis ideac. 1960-1961 wlebSi momzadda cik-li `Cveni respublikis qalaqebi da raionebi~ (or aTeulamde gadacema). TiToeul gadacemas Tan axlda koncerti mocemuli raionis mSromelTa TxovniT.

gansakuTrebiT farTod aRiniSna saqarTvelos gasabWoe-bis 50 wlisTavi. 1970 wels Seiqmna rubrika `sabWoTa saqarTve-los 50 weli~ da teleradiocikli `diadi wlebis qronika~. ga-zeTi `laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi~ iuwyeboda, rom `igi moicavs 50 gadacemas. saiubileo gadacemebSi aisaxeba ganvli-li naxevari saukunis manZilze qarTveli xalxis cxovrebaSi momxdari diadi socialur-ekonomikuri gardaqmnebi. 1921 wlis 25 Tebervlidan mokidebuli, naCvenebi iqneba yoveli wlis didmniSvnelovani movlenebi. gadacemaTa momzadebaSi monawileoben saqarTvelos istoriis sabWoTa periodis gamo-Cenili mkvlevrebi. Seqmnilia sazogadoebrivi saredaqcio sabWo, romlis SemadgenlobaSi arian istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtorebi: i. kaWarava, g. fircxalava, n. maxaraZe, v. merkvila-Ze, a. surgulaZe da sxvebi~.1 rac Seexeba formas, es cikli Jan-ruli mravalferovnebiT ar gamoirCeoda — igi mikrofonTan gamosvlebisa da saubrebis serials warmoadgenda (15-20 wu-Tis moculobiT).

qarTuli radioJurnalistikis ganviTarebis Tvalsazri-siT ufro mniSvnelovani iyo meore saiubileo teleradiocik-li saxelwodebiT `idide marad, Cemo samSoblov!~. es iyo naxe-varsaaTiani publicistur-mxatvruli radiokompoziciebi, romlebmac didi roli Seasrules mauwyeblobis am formis Semdgom ganviTarebasa da srulyofaSi. TiToeuli maTgani eZRvneboda respublikis erTi romelime raionis 50-wlian is-toriasa da Tanamedroveobas (aseT farTo da panoramul asax-vas verc erTi sxva forma Tu Janri ver SeZlebda), Seicavda didZal dokumentur masalas — gamosvlebs, interviuebsa da reportaJul kadrebs — mxatvrul Canaxatebs, musikas. ciklma saqarTvelos yvela raioni moicva, igi ori weli grZeldeboda — 1969 wlis maisidan 1971 wlis maisamde (yovel gadacemas Tan

1 gaz. `laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi~, 1970, 11.09, # 37.

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mohyveboda naxevarsaaTiani koncerti raionis mSromelTa TxovniT). maisis dasawyisSi am cikls mohyva samxreT oseTis radiodRe (4. 05), aWaris radiodRe (6. 05) da afxazeTis radi-odRe (8. 05). 13 maiss sakavSiro radioSi moewyo saqarTvelos radiodRe, 14-15 maiss ki TbilisSi gaimarTa sabWoTa saqar-Tvelosa da saqarTvelos kompartiis 50 wlisTavis saiubileo zeimi (saTanado translaciiT radioeTerSi).

saqarTvelos gasabWoebis 60 wlisTavisaTvis aseve ori wliT adre (1979 wels) daiwyo msgavsi xasiaTis tele-radio-ciklis momzadeba saxelwodebiT `vaSa am axal saqarTvelos, vaSa Senebas!~, magram mas Tavisi winamorbediviT sistematuri xasiaTi ar hqonia da raionebis mxolod erTi nawili moicva (ufro sruli saxiT iyo igi warmodgenili teleekranze).

didi adgili daeTmo saqarTvelos radios programaSi sab-WoTa kavSiris Seqmnis 50 wlisTavs, romelic socialisturi internacionalizmis totaluri propagandis kidev erT saSua-lebad iqca. 1972 wlis ianvridan gamoCnda rubrikebi: `ssrk — 50~ (TiTqmis yoveldRiurad), `erTa Zmoba migviZRvis droSad~, `erTian Zmur ojaxSi~, `vrcelia Cemi qveyana~ da a.S. maisidan wlis bolomde moewyo 12 mokavSire respublikis radiodRee-bi. 60 wlisTavisaTvis gamoCnda tradiciuli rubrika `ssrk — 60~. 70 wlisTavis aRniSvna sabWoTa kavSirs aRar ewera — igi daiSala da yvela zemoT aRniSnuli TariRi da iubile samuda-mod Cabarda istorias.

sistematurad aRiniSneboda did samamulo omSi gamarjve-bis wlisTavebi. tradiciad iqca rubrika `diadi gamarjvebis 25 (30, 35, 40) wlisTavisaTvis~, romelic Sesabamis periodebSi TiTqmis yoveldRiurad gadaicemoda eTerSi da moicavda ro-gorc publicistur masalebs, ise mxatvrul nawarmoebebs — leqsebs, moTxrobebs, speqtaklebs, koncertebs. mzaddeboda agreTve sxva ciklebic da rubrikebic, magaliTad, cikli `gmi-ruli furclebi~ (1965 wlis mart-aprilSi 20 gadacema), yo-velTviuri cikli `dauviwyar dReTa qronika~ (1984 wlis meo-re naxevridan 1985 wlis maisamde — 30 wT.) da sxv.

namdvil propagandistul maraTons warmoadgenda saqar-Tvelos radioSi ruseT-saqarTvelos istoriuli xelSekru-lebis — georgievskis traqtatis 200 wlisTavis aRniSvna. igi

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1980 wels daiwyo da sam weliwads gagrZelda. uamravi gadace-ma momzadda rubrikebiT: `saukuno Zmoba~, `ruseTTan saqar-Tvelos SeerTebis 200 wlisTavisaTvis~, gansakuTrebiT ki — `georgievskis traqtatis 200 wlisTavisaTvis~. 1983 wels sityva `traqtati~ yoveldRiurad albaT asjer mainc ismoda eTerSi. saqarTvelos xelisufleba TavgamodebiT cdilobda metropoliisadmi Tavisi siyvarulisa da internacionalizmis principebisadmi erTgulebis damtkicebas.

sxva saiubileo gadacemebidan aRsaniSnavia sabWoTa armi-is 50 wlisTavis (1968), ruseTis pirveli revoluciis 70 wlis-Tavis (1975), k. marqsis dabadebis 150 wlisTavisadmi (1983) da a.S. miZRvnili gadacemebi.

sazogadoebriv-politikuri mauwyeblobis es mimarTule-bebi erTi SexedviT TiTqos mimdinare momentebis asaxvas iTva-liswinebs, magram arsebiTad TiToeuli maTgani fundamentu-ri socialisturi Rirebulebebis propagandasa da damkvidre-bas emsaxureba. xolo amasTan erTad arsebobs am Rirebuleba-Ta propagandis Camoyalibebuli sistema, romelic, Tavis mxriv, sxvadasxva mimarTulebas moicavs. maT Soris erT-erTi ZiriTadi mimarTulebaa marqsistul-leninuri Teoriis pro-paganda. masebis politikuri ganaTleba, maTSi komunisturi msoflmxedvelobis Canergva sabWoTa saxelmwifoSi yovel-Tvis iTvleboda ideologiuri muSaobis erT-erT upirveles amocanad. organizebuli iyo savaldebulo politganaTlebis sistema, romelic moicavda qveynis TiTqmis mTel zrdasrul mosaxleobas — fabrika-qarxnebis muSebs, uwyebaTa da dawese-bulebaTa mosamsaxureebs, umaRlesi saswavleblebis studen-tebsa da profesor-maswavleblebs. cxadia, rom am mizniT aq-tiurad gamoiyeneboda masobrivi informaciis saSualebebic. rogorc aRvniSneT, saqarTvelos radios propagandis mTavari redaqciis struqturaSi arsebobda marqsistul-leninuri Te-oriis propagandisa da partiuli cxovrebis redaqcia (Semdeg ganyofileba), romelic ZiriTadad am sferoSi muSaobda (Tum-ca drodadro sxva redaqciebis programebSic gamoCndeboda xolme msgavsi gadacemebi).

propagandis mimarTuleba, ra Tqma unda, ganisazRvreboda partiuli dadgenilebebiT, morigi yrilobis masalebiT, cen-

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traluri komitetis direqtivebiT. 60-iani wlebis pirvel na-xevarSi, roca sinamdvilisadmi voluntaristuli damokide-buleba saxelmwifo rangSi iyo ayvanili da partia saqveynod acxadebda, rom `sabWoTa adamianebis axlandeli Taoba komu-nizmSi icxovrebda~, mTavari yuradReba komunizmis sxvadasxva sakiTxis ganxilvasa da popularizacias eTmoboda. magali-Tad, eTerSi iyo amgvari xasiaTis gadacemebi: `komunizmi xel-Sesaxebi sinamdvilea~ (1961, 23. 08), `komunizmi da mecniereba~ (1961, 6. 09), ciklebi: `komunizmis mSeneblis moraluri kodeq-si~ (1961), `komunizmis forpostebi~ (1963), `mecnieruli komu-nizmis safuZvlebi~ (1964, 1965). Teoriul gamosvlebsa da sa-ubrebs emateboda narkvevebis ciklebi komunizmis konkre-tul warmomadgenelTa Sesaxeb: `komunizmis mSeneblebi~ (li-teraturis redaqcia, 1961-1962), `komunizmis Suqurebi~ (axal-gazrdobis redaqcia, 1961) da a.S.

70-iani wlebidan Teoriuli propagandis mTavari Temaa ganviTarebuli socializmis sakiTxebi, sabWoTa kavSiris sa-erTo-saxalxo saxelmwifod gadaqceva da axali istoriuli erTobis — sabWoTa xalxis Camoyalibeba. ganviTarebuli soci-alizmis — socialisturi mSeneblobis am bolo fazis Sesaba-misad icvleba skkp programa, iqmneba ssrk axali konstitucia (Tumca `ganviTarebuli socializmic~ iseTive qimera iyo, ro-gorc 60-iani wlebis komunizmi). mikrofonTan sistematurad gamodian filosofiis, politikuri ekonomiis, skkp istoriis, mecnieruli komunizmis Teoriis specialistebi. amgvari ga-mosvlebis tipuri magaliTia saubari — `sabWoTa saxelmwifo namdvili demokratiis gansaxierebaa~ (1975, 9. 01). marqsis-tul-leninuri Teoriis sistematur propagandas imdenad di-di mniSvneloba eniWeboda, rom igi garkveulwilad centrali-zebulic iyo: 1964 wlidan 1988 wlis CaTvliT yovelkvireu-lad (calkeul wlebSi ki — kviraSi orjer), erTsa da imave dReebsa da saaTebSi eTerSi iyo 20-wuTiani rubrika `milion-Ta leninuri universiteti~. igi jer moskovidan translirde-boda respublikur programaSi rusul enaze, Semdeg ki iTar-gmneboda da qarTul enaze gadaicemoda. saxelwodeba `univer-siteti~ mTlianad ver gamoxatavs rubrikis xasiaTs. mas pro-pagandistuli daniSnuleba ufro aqvs, vidre saganmanaTleb-

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lo da arsebiTad ekisreba sazogadoebrivi azris formirebis, radiomsmenelebSi komunisturi rwmenis Canergvis funqcia (amitom ganvixilavT mas ara saganmanaTleblo, aramed sazoga-doebriv-politikuri gadacemebis sistemaSi). amis sailustra-ciod misi TematikisTvis Tvalis gadavlebac kmara.

milionTa leninuri universitetis mecadineobis Tematika 1969 wlis pirvel kvartalSi:

I. dawyebiTi rgolis msmenelTaTvis. cikli — `marad ukvdavi~. II. saSualo rgolis msmenelTaTvis. cikli `filosofia~,

cikli `skkp istoria~. III. umaRlesi rgolis msmenelTaTvis. cikli — `mecnieruli

komunizmis ganviTarebis leninuri etapi~, cikli — `leninis Txzulebebis SemswavlelTa dasaxmareblad~ (`ra vakeToT~, `ma-terializmi da empiriokriticizmi~, ̀ saxelmwifo da revolucia~).

milionTa leninuri universiteti. 1972-1973 saswavlo weli. gadacemaTa programa 1972 wlis 31 dekembramde:

cikli — `skkp ekonomikuri politika Tanamedrove etapze~. cikli — `leninuri erovnuli politikis zeimi~. saubrebis cikli samecniero-teqnikur revoluciaze. cikli — ̀ komunisturi morali da axali adamianis formireba~. cikli — ìdeologiuri brZola Tanamedrove etapze~. cikli — èkonomikuri codnis safuZvlebi~ (mrewvelobis muSakTaTvis). cikli — èkonomikuri codnis safuZvlebi~ (kolmeurneo-

bebisa da sabWoTa meurneobebis muSakTaTvis).

milionTa leninuri universitetis ciklebi axal saswavlo wels 1973 wlis oqtombridan:

— `mSromelTa komunisturi aRzrdis Teoriisa da praqti-kis sakiTxebi~.

— `leninuri Teoriuli memkvidreoba da Tanamedroveoba~. — `skkp sagareo-politikuri moRvaweobis Teoriuli da

politikuri problemebi~. — ìdeologiuri brZola Tanamedrove etapze~. — `skkp mimdinare dokumentebi da masalebi~.

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politikuri miznebi, ideologiuri brZolis amocanebi gansazRvravda saqarTvelos radios programaSi saerTaSori-so cxovrebis gaSuqebis xasiaTsac, gadacemebs sagareo poli-tikis Sesaxeb. es Seexeboda rogorc wminda kontrpropagan-distul ciklebs (mag.: àmerikis ugvirgvino mefeebi~ — 1966, ìmperializmis danaSaulobaTa Savi wigni~ — 1966-1970, ìmpe-rializmi uniRbod~ — 1970 da sxv.), ise nebismieri saerTaSori-so movlenis Sefasebas, romelic klasobriv, partiul pozici-as emyareboda. kapitalisturi samyaros kritika, socializmis upiratesobaTa mtkicebasTan erTad, radiomauwyeblobis propagandistuli saqmianobis aucilebel nawils Seadgenda. amitom saerTaSoriso ambebis yovelkvireuli sainformacio gamoSvebis garda saqarTvelos radioSi TiTqmis yovelTvis iyo sxva publicisturi ciklebic: 1964-1965 wlebSi yovelkvi-reuli rubrika — `saubari saerTaSoriso Temaze~ (10-15 wuTi), 1971-1986 wlebSi — `komentari saerTaSoriso Temaze~ (orSa-baTs, samSabaTs da xuTSabaTs 12 saaTsa da 40 wuTze, xuTi wu-Tis moculobiT; 1982-1984 wlebSi mas enacvleboda yovelkvi-reuli 10-wuTiani rubrika — `yvela meridianze — faqtebi, movlenebi, komentari~). Semdeg gadacemis forma ramdenadme Seicvala — 1984 wels gamoCnda rubrika `mrgval magidasTan: radiomsmenelebs upasuxeben saerTaSoriso mimomxilvelebi~.

saSinao politikis sferoSi saqarTvelos radio gansa-kuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobda partiuli organoebis saqmia-nobas. aTeuli wlebis manZilze Seqmnili stereotipebiT par-tia iyo yvela gamarjvebis organizatori, mTeli sazogadoe-bis interesebis gamomxatveli, misi keTildReobisaTvis meb-rZoli (tipuri rubrika — `partiis gegmebi xalxis gegmebia~). mikrofoni sistematurad eTmoboda yvela rangis partiul xelmZRvanelebs — pirveladi organizaciis partbiuros mdiv-nidan dawyebuli — respublikuri masStabis funqcioneramde. magram 60-ian wlebSi partiuli Tema sxvadasxva ciklebSi iyo gafantuli: `dRes Cvens mikrofonTan~ — yovelkvireuli cik-li, romelSic partiul xelmZRvanelebTan erTad sxvadasxva qalaqisa da raionis sabWoTa da komkavSiruli muSakebi, agita-torebi da propagandistebic monawileobdnen (1961 w.), `sawar-moTa partorganizaciis mdivnebi mogviTxroben~ (1961 w.),

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`partiuli komiteti — didi sawarmos mesaWe~ (1962 w.) da sxv. mxolod 1969 wels Seiqmna yovelkvireuli rubrika `partiuli muSakis tribuna~, romelic yovel xuTSabaTs, 15 wuTis mocu-lobiT gadaicemoda, 1974 wlis ivlisidan mas `partiuli cxov-reba~ ewoda. igi ganixilavda partiuli cxovrebis yvela sa-kiTxs da gamosvlebis garda Seicavda sxva Janrebsac — repor-taJs, intervius, korespondencias. garda amisa, calke Suqde-boda zogierTi kampaniuri partiuli RonisZiebis mimdinareo-ba. magaliTad, 1977 wlidan yovel Semodgomaze, partiul or-ganizaciebSi saangariSo-saarCevno krebebis periodSi, eTerSi gamodioda rubrikebi: `pirveladi partiuli organizaciebis saangariSo-saarCevno krebebze~ da `partiul konferencieb-ze~, xolo 1984 wlidan, roca saqarTvelos partorganizacieb-Si wesad SemoiRes komunistis piradi angariSebis mosmena, gaC-nda rubrika — `angariSs abarebs komunisti~.

propagandis erT-erT mimarTulebas warmoadgenda Tvi-Ton komunistis saxis Seqmna, misi tipuri Tvisebebis — cxovre-biseuli rwmenis, idealebis, zneobrivi principebis warmoCena. am mizans emsaxureboda rubrika `mogiTxrobT komunistebze~ (1968-1976 wlebi, 15 wuTi), romelsac 1978 wels Seenacvla cik-li `komunistis sityva da saqme~, 1980-1984 wlebSi ki rubrikas `komunistebi~ ewoda. igi ZiriTadad moicavda narkvevebs, zogjer Canaxatebs, ufro iSviaTad interviusa da korespon-dencias, magram umravles SemTxvevaSi trafaretuli, sqematu-ri xasiaTisa iyo (komunisti — Tavis saqmeSi mowinave, aqtiuri moqalaqeobrivi poziciiT, kargi meojaxe da a.S.).

partiuli xelisuflebisagan gansxvavebiT sabWoTa orga-noebis saqmianoba iSviaTad aisaxeboda eTerSi. rogorc aR-vniSneT, mxolod arCevnebiswina periodSi gamoCndeboda xol-me cikli `deputatobis kandidatebi~, TviTon struqturebis muSaoba ki yuradRebis gareSe rCeboda.

sazogadoebriv-politikuri mauwyeblobis erT-erTi wam-yvani mimarTuleba 1957-1984 wlebSi iyo socialisturi inter-nacionalizmis propaganda. internacionalizmi zogadkacob-riuli Rirebulebaa, magram igi sabWoTa cxovrebis wesis upirveles principad iTvleboda im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom safuZvlad edo sabWoTa kavSiris `urRvev erTobas~. xalxTa

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erTianobis ideis ganmtkiceba, Zveli romidan dawyebuli, yo-veli imperiis zrunvis sagans warmoadgenda. britaneTis imperiis epoqaSi TviTon demokratiul da respeqtabelur bi-bi-si-sac ki Tavisi mauwyeblobis principad hqonda `imperiis saqmeTa gaSuqeba da misi erTianobis ucvlelad xazgasma~.

ra Tqma unda, socialisturi internacionalizmi sxva xalxebTan megobrobasac gulisxmobda (miT umetes, socialis-turi Tanamegobrobis qveynebTan — 1960 wlidan 1985 wlamde saqarTvelos radioSi specialuri rubrikac arsebobda sa-xelwodebiT `moZme socialistur qveynebSi~), magram mTavari iyo sabWoTa respublikebis ganuyofeli kavSiri, rac erTian ekonomikasa da partiul-politikur struqturasTan erTad saerTo ideologiasac unda ganemtkicebina. amitom interna-cionalizmis Temas saqarTvelos radioSi yoveli redaqcia Taviseburad asaxavda. propagandis mTavari redaqcia ZiriTa-dad amzadebda Teoriul gamosvlebs socialisturi interna-cionalizmis sxvadasxva sakiTxze, mis did rolze Cveni qveynis cxovrebaSi, agreTve ciklebs — `diadi megobrobis furclebi~ (1967) da `moZme sabWoTa respublikebSi~, romelic 1961 wli-dan 1984 wlis bolomde gadaicemoda sxvadasxva periodulo-biT.

magram radiomauwyeblobisaTvis yvelaze organuli aR-moCnda da mis specifikur formad iqca gadacemebis gacvla mokavSire respublikaTa radiostudiebs Soris da sxvadasxva respublikis radiodReebis mowyoba. rogorc aRvniSneT, res-publikaTa radiostruqturebSi Semavali e.w. gacvliTi re-daqciebi am gadacemebs rusul enaze amzadebdnen da firze Ca-werils ugzavnidnen erTmaneTs an sakavSiro radiokomitets. xSirad ki mxolod teqstebi igzavneboda, rom gadaeTargmnaT da ise CaesvaT adgilobriv programaSi. zogjer sxvadasxva respublikebidan miRebuli masalebiT specialuri internaci-onaluri dReebic ki ewyoboda.

gadavxedoT erT-erTi internacionaluri dRis magaliTs saqarTvelos radioSi, romlis programa gazeT `laparakobs Tbilisis~ 1961 wlis 29-e nomerSia mocemuli.

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I programa, 1961 w., 23 ivlisi, SabaTi.

(yoveldRiuri mudmivi gadacemebis gamoklebiT).

06.45. gadacema soflis meurneobis muSakTaTvis — `maTzedac Seqmnian legendebs~ (estoneTis radios gada-cema).

08.30 sabWoTa kavSiris xalxTa simRerebi. 09.20 radionarkvevi `cxovreba erTi qalisa~ (Tur-

qmeneTis radios gadacema). 10.15 radiogazeTi `saqarTvelos pioneri~. 10.45 dvarionasis sazeimo uvertiura. 11.00 saubari `somxeTis markiT~ (somxeTis radios

gadacema). 11.15 o. TevdoraZe `qarTuli suita~. 11.40 erT sabWoTa meuneobaSi (tajikeTis radios ga-

dacema). 12.15 s. kapi. meoTxe simfoniis meore nawili. 12.45 CeCnur-inguSuri musika. 13.20 sinisalo. sabavSvo suita. asrulebs kareliis

radios orkestri. 13.40 uzbekuri simRerebi. 13.50 saubari `avtomatebis Semqmnelni~ (ukrainis

radios gadacema). 17.20 gadacema moswavleTaTvis. — `rogor Seiqmna pi-

oneruli simRera~ (estoneTis radios gadacema). 17.45 erTi udidesTagani (azerbaijanis radios gada-

cema). 18.05 musika qarTuli kinofilmebidan. 18.45 latviuri musika. 19.15 qarTuli xalxuri simRerebi. 19.45 narkvevi — `yamirelebi~ (yazaxeTis radios ga-

dacema). 20.20 moZme respublikebis xelovnebis ostatTa kon-

certi. 21.00 `yazbegis kalTebze~ (CrdiloeT oseTis radios

gadacema). 21.30 saestrado musikis koncerti.

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internacionaluri da samxedro-patriotuli aRzrdis funqcia ekisreboda radioJurnals `sabWoTa armiis meomrebi-saTvis~. igi rusul enaze mzaddeboda da ZiriTadad asaxavda amierkavkasiis samxedro olqis jariskacebisa da oficrebis cxovrebas, maT samxedro da politikur momzadebas, sportul da SemoqmedebiT miRwevebs. zogjer amas emateboda siuJetebi qarTvel wvevamdelebze, romlebic sabWoTa kavSiris sxvadas-xva mxareSi msaxurobdnen.

rogorc aRvniSneT, radioJurnali Tavidan axalgazrdu-li gadacemebis redaqciaSi mzaddeboda da masSi aqtiurad mo-nawileobdnen amierkavkasiis samxedro olqis gazeT `lenin-skoe znamias~ TanamSromlebi. igi eTerSi pirvelad 1958 wlis bolos gamoCnda da Tavdapirvelad erqva `gadacema amierkav-kasiis samxedro olqis meomrebisaTvis~. 1967 wels ki calke Camoyalibda Sesabamisi redaqciac, romlis ufros redaqto-rad dainiSna sandro nikuraZe, masTan erTad da Semdgom peri-odSi am redaqciaSi muSaobdnen: viqtor yufaraZe, givi qobu-laSvili, dimitri javaxiSvili, givi baqraZe, Temur nadiraSvi-li, irina Cuprinina da sxv.

radioJurnali `sabWoTa armiis meomrebisaTvis~ 30 wlis manZilze (1969-1989) marTlac samxedro sizustiT yovelkvi-reulad gadaicemoda jer kviradRes, Semdeg ki SabaTobiT, er-Tsa da imave dros, 35-45 wuTis moculobiT.

gansxvavebul da sabWoTa radiomauwyeblobaSi erTgvar unikalur formas warmoadgenda radioJurnali `Tbilisi, baqo, erevani~, romelsac rusul enaze rigrigobiT amzadebdnen sa-qarTvelos, azerbaijanisa da somxeTis radiostudiebi da ro-melime dedaqalaqidan erTdroulad gadaicemoda samive res-publikis eTerSi. radioJurnali 1961 wlis aprilidan sistema-turad gamodioda TveSi samjer oTxSabaTobiT, yovelTvis er-Tsa da imave dros — 20 saaTsa da 30 wuTze, naxevari saaTis mo-culobiT da asaxavda amierkavkasiis erT-erTi respublikis cxovrebas, ekonomikis, mecnierebisa da kulturis siaxleebs, propagandas uwevda erebis daaxloebasa da urTierTgagebas.

xSirad ewyoboda mokavSire respublikebis radiodReebi, gansakuTrebiT sazeimo movlenebTan dakavSirebiT — yrilobe-bis win, oqtombris revoluciis an faSizmze gamarjvebis saiu-

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bileo TariRebis wina periodSi da a.S. garda imisa, rom 1960-1990 wlebSi sakavSiro radioSi yovelwliurad imarTeboda mokavSire respublikebis radiofestivali (yovel respubli-kas TiTo dRe eTmoboda, ra Tqma unda, programis ZiriTad ga-dacemebTan erTad), xSirad respublikebi TviTon awyobdnen erTmaneTis radiodReebs. ase magaliTad, 1961 wlis 13 seqtem-bers moewyo saqarTvelos radiodRe uzbekeTis radioSi: ùz-bekeTis mSromelebma am dRes radioTi moismines saqarTvelos kompartiis centraluri komitetis pirveli mdivnis v. p. mJa-vanaZis gamosvla, saqarTvelos radios mier momzadebuli ga-dacema — `Sen, mSobliuro partiav!~, musikaluri gadacema `qarTveli kompozitori sulxan cincaZe~, gadacema àseTi xar Sen, Tbiliso!~, narkvevi àxali rusTavis adamianebi~, litera-turuli gadacema ùzbeki poetebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb~, ga-dacema ìoseb noneSvilis poezia~ da `saqarTvelo — mzisa da bednierebis qveyana~, radiodadgma `rusTavis CiraRdnebi~.1

Tavis mxriv, saqarTvelos radioSi 1963 wels moewyo uzbe-keTis, latviis, litvis, estoneTis radiodReebi, 1967 wels — azerbaijanis, belorusiis, TurqmeneTis, litvis, tajikeTis, somxeTisa da yazaxeTis dReebi. 1972 wels, rogorc zemoTac aRvniSneT, sabWoTa kavSiris Seqmnis 50 wlisTavs mieZRvna Tormeti mokavSire respublikis radiodRe. 1980 wels gasab-Woebis 60 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT moewyo azerbaijanis ra-diodRe (26.04) da somxeTis radiodRe (29.11). zogjer am dRe-ebs kuriozebic axlda Tan. magaliTad, 1964 wels swored 26 maiss moewyo azerbaijanis radiodRe ruseTis SemadgenlobaSi azerbaijanis Sesvlis 150 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT da 1965 wels, aseve 26 maiss — yazaxeTis radiodRe. aravis gaxsenebia, rom es saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebis dRe iyo (anda SesaZloa specialuradac daamTxvies, rogorc oficia-luri TvalsazrisiT arafris mTqmel TariRs).

dabolos, sazogadoebriv-politikuri mauwyebloba moi-cavda kidev erT mniSvnelovan sferos — samarTlisa da mora-lis sakiTxebs. igi or mimarTulebas gulisxmobda: pirveli, samarTlebrivi codnis gavrcelebasa da socialisturi mora-

1 gaz. `laparakobs Tbilisi~, 1961, 29.09.

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luri Rirebulebebis propagandas da, meore, kritikul gada-cemebs — brZolas ukanonobisa da `sabWoTa sazogadoebisaT-vis Seusabamo~ sxva movlenebis winaaRmdeg. pirveli mimarTu-lebisa iyo nawilobriv radioJurnali àdamiani da kanoni~ (samarTlebrivi codnis popularizaciis TvalsazrisiT), ro-melic yovelTviurad gadaicemoda 1969-1989 wlebSi 30 wuTis moculobiT, 1990 wlis meore naxevridan ki yovelkvireuli gaxda; ciklebi: `komunizmis mSeneblis moraluri kodeqsi~ (1961) da `tradicia da Tanamedroveoba~ (1983); gadacemebi: àda-mians zrdis koleqtivi~ (1963, 6.08), àxali adamiani koleqtiv-Si yalibdeba~ (1963, 28.08), `mtkiced davicvaT socialisturi kanonebi~ (1973, 16.02) da sxv. sabWoTa kavSiris axali konsti-tuciis miRebasTan dakavSirebiT 1978 wlis 21 Tebervals mo-ewyo Tematuri radiodRe `sabWoTa moqalaqis uflebebi da movaleobani — cxovrebaSi~ (8 gadacema).

kritikuli gadacemebidan pirvel rigSi unda davasaxe-loT satirul-iumoristuli radioJurnali `Solti~, romel-sac satirisa da iumoris redaqcia amzadebda. igi 1962-1987 wlebSi yovelTviurad gadaicemoda eTerSi naxevari saaTis moculobiT da amxelda danaSaulisa da ukanonobis konkre-tul faqtebs. es Temebi nawilobriv radioJurnal àdamiansa da kanonSic~ Suqdeboda.

am or radioJurnalTan aris dakavSirebuli saqarTvelos radioSi feletonis, rogorc Janris damkvidreba. damoukide-beli saxiT igi mxolod samjer gamoCnda eTerSi 1962 wels — orjer feletonis (`daudevarni~ — 16.04, ùdardeli mSeneb-lebi~ — 9.08) da erTxel radiofeletonis (`damnaSavis ZebnaSi~ — 21.04) saxelwodebiT, yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi CarTuli iyo `SoltSi~ (1962-1987) an àdamiansa da kanonSi~ (1962-1989). rac Seexeba Janris sxvadasxva saxelwodebas, radiofeletons uwo-debdnen iseT feletons, romelSic dokumenturi Canawerebi iyo gamoyenebuli da, amdenad, radios specifika ufro metad gaTvaliswinebuli. radios uxvi SesaZleblobebis miuxedavad, aseTi feletonebi programaSi naklebia, rac albaT amgvari Ca-nawerebis mopovebis garkveuli riskiT aixsneba da ZiriTadad gadaicema sagazeTo xasiaTis feletonebi, romlebsac diqto-ri an msaxiobi kiTxulobs.

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sxva gadacemebidan aRsaniSnavia: `bolomde aRmovfxvraT kerZomesakuTruli da socializmisaTvis sxva ucxo tendenci-ebi~ (1974, 13.02), `muqTaxoroba danaSaulis wyaroa~ (1974, 20.02), `vibrZoloT proteqcionizmis winaaRmdeg~ (1974, 30.07), àRmovfxvraT mavne gadmonaSTebi~ (1976, 11.05), ùkuvagdoT dromoWmuli tradiciebi~ (1976, 5.06) da sxv.

sawarmoo-ekonomikuri propaganda. sabWoTa Jurnalisti-kis erT-erTi ZiriTadi funqcia, rac mas principulad ganasxva-vebda demokratiuli masmediisagan, iyo aqtiuri monawileoba ekonomikis, warmoebis marTvaSi. erTi mxriv, es niSnavda warmoe-baze sajaro kontrols, misi marTvis kidev erT instruments saxelmwifos xelSi, meore mxriv ki mudmiv zemoqmedebas masebis ekonomikuri cnobierebis formirebaze, rasac udidesi mniSvne-loba eniWeboda axali adamianis CamoyalibebisaTvis. saxelmwi-fo socialistur ekonomikas, romelsac ganviTarebis Sinagani impulsebi ar gaaCnda, mxolod `garedan~ zemoqmedebiT SeeZlo funqcionireba. amiT iyo gamowveuli uamravi partiuli dadge-nileba warmoebis efeqtianobis gazrdaze, sxvadasxva Taosno-bisa da socialisturi Sejibrebis organizacia, gauTavebeli ekonomikuri reformebi da eqsperimentebi. amitom ibeWdeboda gazeTebSi da yoveldRe ismoda tele- da radioeTerSi xuTwle-di da Svidwledi, sasursaTo programa da xarisxis problema, gegma da Semxvedri gegma, valdebuleba da SromiTi vaxti. amas ekonomikuri amocanebis ideologiuri uzrunvelyofa erqva. saqarTvelos radio, ra Tqma unda, gamonaklisi ver iqneboda (1975 wels mas aseTi rubrikac ki hqonda — `gegmebsa da valde-bulebebs — ideologiuri uzrunvelyofa~).

ekonomika, warmoebis sakiTxebi 1960-1984 wlebSi sistema-turad Suqdeboda rogorc ùkanaskneli cnobebis~ gamoSve-bebSi, ise specialuri dargobrivi redaqciebis gadacemebSi — ZiriTadad am sferos moicavda soflis meurneobis redaqcia, mrewvelobis, mSeneblobisa da transportis redaqcia da nawi-lobriv samecniero-teqnikuri da axalgazrdobis redaqciebi. soflis meurneobis redaqciaSi 1957-1984 wlebSi Jurnalis-tTa ramdenime Taoba moRvaweobda (konstantine WanturiSvi-li, Salva SavelaSvili, mixeil kopaleiSvili, Tamar abeliSvi-li, Salva gulua, dilar jvebenava, dali morgoSia, oTar meo-

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tiSvili da sxv.). Tumca mauwyeblobis tradiciuli rubrikebi am periodSi naklebad icvleboda. 1957-1972 wlebSi eTerSi yo-vel diliT, garda kviradRisa, ucvlelad iyo 10-wuTiani `ga-dacema soflis meurneobis muSakTaTvis~ (1973 wlidan mas `soflis dila~ ewoda) da yvela Tema da Janri am saerTo rub-rikaSi iyo moqceuli. erTaderTi gamonaklisi iyo radioJur-nali `Cveni sofeli~, romelic 1960-1962 wlebSi yovelkvireu-lad gadaicemoda 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT, 1963-1976 wlebSi ki — yovelTviurad.

Tematuri mravalferovnebiTa da, Sesabamisad, rubrikebis simravliT ufro gamoirCeoda mrewvelobis, transportisa da mSeneblobis redaqcia (aq sxvadasxva dros muSaobdnen: Tengiz gelaSvili, xvTisavar arCemaSvili, roland avazaSvili, lia korZaia, givi cqitiSvili, lamara esarTia, nana sanikiZe, mari-ka silagaZe da sxv.).

sawarmoo-ekonomikuri propagandis daniSnuleba pirvel rigSi ganisazRvreboda e.w. qmediTobiT, anu misi uSualo Ca-reviT sawarmoo procesebis marTvaSi da sxva praqtikuli sa-kiTxebis gadawyvetaSi, rac Jurnalistikis uSualo-organiza-torul funqciad iTvleboda. radio sistematurad iZleoda informacias respublikis ekonomikis mdgomareobis, wamyvani sawarmoebis muSaobis Sesaxeb (mag.: `xuTwledis mSenebare obi-eqtebze~ — 1978-1984, `xuTwleds damkvreluri Sroma~ — 1973-1984, `sasursaTo programa — moqmedebaSi~ — 1981-1984 da sxv.), xolo saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi arc kritikul gamosvlebs eri-deboda. ra Tqma unda, veraviTari Jurnalistika ver ixsnida sabWoTa ekonomikas permanentuli krizisisagan, magram cal-keuli sakiTxebis mogvareba uTuod qmnida ideologiuri ze-moqmedebis efeqtianobis STabeWdilebas. saqarTvelos radi-oSi am mizniT TiTqmis 80-ian wlebamde gamoiyeneboda is tra-diciuli formebi, romlebic jer kidev 30-iani wlebis sabWo-Ta presas axasiaTebda — korespondentTa saguSagoebisa da re-idebis praqtika. 1962-1963 wlebSi intensiurad mzaddeboda rubrikebi: `Cveni saguSagoebi gvatyobineben~ da `korespon-dentTa saguSagoebi gvatyobineben~ (magaliTad, engurhesis mSeneblobaze SeferxebaTa Sesaxeb — 1963, 21.01). `reidis masa-lebis~ saxelwodebiT xSirad gadaicemoda kritikuli infor-

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macia mSeneblobisa da transportis, agreTve momsaxurebis sferos Sesaxeb: àmas Tqven gsayveduroben, mSeneblebo!~ (1962, 26.05), `davaCqaroT saskolo mSenebloba~ (1975, 19.08), àRmovfxvraT vagonebis mocdena~ (1975, 15.09; 1976, 13.12), `ga-vaumjobesoT mgzavrTa momsaxureba rkinigzis transportze (1975, 13.05), `gavaumjobesoT mgzavrTa avtotransportiT momsaxureba~ (1975, 16.09), `sayofacxovrebo momsaxureba — moTxovnebis doneze~ (1972, 21.02) da a.S. amas emateboda sxva kritikuli ciklebi: `gadaucemeli werilebis kvaldakval~ (1963), `ratom CamorCa sawarmo~ (1976), `kritikul SeniSvnebsa da winadadebebs — meti yuradReba~ (1978). erTgvar socialuri kontrolis funqcias asrulebda rubrika `Cveni gadacemebis kvaldakval~, romelic 1962 wlidan 1987 wlis bolomde mudmi-vad iyo eTerSi. 1978 wlidan mas ufro zusti saxeli ewoda — `Cveni kritikuli gadacemebis kvaldakval~, radgan kritiku-li gadacemebis Sedegebze iZleoda informacias.

radios organizatoruli muSaobis meore mimarTuleba iyo mowinave gamocdilebis gavrceleba, misi sistematuri propaganda da praqtikuli danergvisaTvis xelis Sewyoba. am mizans emsaxureboda rubrikebi: `racionalizatorTa da ga-momgonebelTa tribuna~ (1960, 1961), `mowinave gamocdilebis tribuna~ (1964, 1965), `novatoris tribuna~ (1968-1976), ìswav-le meurneobis gaZRola~ (1967, 1968) da, gansakuTrebiT, `mowi-nave gamocdilebis skola~, romelic 1963-1975 wlebSi yovel-Tviurad, zogjer ki ufro xSirad gadaicemoda eTerSi. briga-duli ijaris upiratesobebs uwevda propagandas gadacemebis cikli — `brigada, efeqtianoba, problemebi~ (1982-1988). erTi SexedviT, yvela es `tribuna~ da `skola~ TiTqos saganmanaT-leblo funqciebs asrulebda, magram yovelTvis warmoebis marTvisa da organizaciis konkretuli sakiTxebis gadawyve-tas emsaxureboda da gamokveTili publicisturi daniSnule-bac gaaCnda — sistematurad warmoaCenda warmoebis organiza-torebs, dargis profesionalebs, komunisturi Sromis dam-kvrelebs da a.S. mowinave gamocdilebasTan erTad internaci-onalizmis propagandasac eweoda rubrika `megobrebi gvizia-reben gamocdilebas~ (1982-1984), romelic mokavSire respub-likebidan gamogzavnil masalebs emyareboda.

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saerTod, nebsiT Tu uneblieT (ufro, albaT, Segnebulad) warmoebis sferoSic xazgasmiT aRiniSneboda respublikaTa erTianobis aucilebloba da metropoliis wamyvani roli — yovelTvis misi warmomadgenlebi iyvnen mibaZvis obieqti. sak-marisia davasaxeloT zogierTi gadacema: `gaganoveli meSax-te~ (1960, 6.01), `SCekinoelTa magaliTisamebr~ (1970, sami gada-cema), `SCekinoelTa meTodi moqmedebaSi~ (1977-1978, sami gada-cema), `mxari gavusworoT vitebskelebs~ (1973, 25. 06), `qarTve-li zlobinelebi~ (1973, 26.10), `zlobinis mimdevrebs — yovel-dRiuri daxmareba~ (1975, 17.11). `farTod davnergoT orio-lel mSenebelTa gamocdileba~ (1975, 6.05, 1976, 3.05), `sver-dlovskelTa gamocdileba moqmedebs~ (1975, ori gadacema) da a.S. arian qarTveli gaganovelebi da zlobinelebi (iseve, ro-gorc adre iyvnen qarTveli staxanovelebi, qarTveli matro-sovi da ostrovski), magram aravis gaugonia rusi lomiZe, mame-dovi an xaCikiani.

warmoebis intensifikaciisadmi xelis SewyobiT ganisazR-vreboda mecnieruli miRwevebis, misi praqtikaSi danergvis propagandis mniSvnelobac. aTeuli wlebis manZilze mzadde-boda rubrikebi: `mecniereba — saxalxo meurneobas~, `mecnie-reba — warmoebas~, `mecniereba — soflis meurneobas~, 70-ian wlebSi maT daemata `arcerTi daunergavi Tema~, xolo 80-ian wlebSi — `mecnierebisa da warmoebis integracia~. aseve, mud-mivad iyo laparaki rezervebis gamoyenebaze: `yvela rezervi xuTwledis samsaxurSi~ (1972-1975), `yvela rezervi winasayri-lobo valdebulebaTa Sesrulebas~ (1976), `winsvlis rezerve-bi~ (1978, 1979) da sxv. raRa unda iTqvas socialistur Sejib-rebaze, romelic oficialur ideologias sabWoTa ekonomikis yvelaze mZlavr mamoZravebel Zalad miaCnda da TiTqos far-To gasaqans aZlevda `masebis SemoqmedebiT iniciativas~. am Temaze saqarTvelos radioSi periodulad iqmneboda sxvadas-xva ciklebi da rubrikebi: `socialisturi Sejibrebis dRiu-ri~ (1961-1963), `saoqtombro socialisturi Sejibreba~ (1967), `socSejibreba Tanamedrove etapze~ (1983) da a.S.

sawarmoo-ekonomikuri propagandis mudmivi Tema iyo pro-duqciis xarisxis amaRleba. 60-ian wlebSi igi aisaxeboda rub-rikebSi: `vaSenoT swrafad, iafad da maRalxarisxovnad~ (1961-

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1967), `sabWoTa produqcia saukeTeso unda iyos~ (1964-1965, TveSi orjer) da sxv. magram gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieq-ca mas 70-iani wlebis meore naxevridan, roca sabWoTa kavSirSi xarisxis xuTwledi gamocxadda. Seiqmna axali rubrikebi: `xa-risxi warmoebis sarkea~ (1975-1978), `xarisxis xuTwleds — mu-Suri garantia~ (1977-1979), `xarisxis marTvis sistema — moqme-debaSi~ (1977), `produqciis xarisxi — mTavari sazrunavi~ (1979) da a.S. Tumca xarisxis xuTwleds, samwuxarod, arsebiTi Sedegi ar mohyolia.

radiomauwyeblobaSi aseve mudmivi Tema iyo ekonomikis sistemisa da misi marTvis gaumjobesebis sakiTxebi. sabWoTa kavSirSi yovel xuT weliwadSi mainc axali ekonomikuri re-forma tardeboda (ZiriTadad kosmetikuri xasiaTis) da eTer-Si Cndeboda Sesabamisi radiorubrikebic: àxali ekonomikuri reforma moqmedebs~ (1966-1969), èkonomikuri reformis sa-kiTxebi~ (1969-1972), èkonomika ekonomiuri unda iyos~ (1980-1987), `sameurneo meqanizmi — problemebi, amocanebi~ (1982-1985). magram arc erTi zemoT xsenebuli reforma ar cvlida socialisturi warmoebis arss da am propagandas realuri Se-degi verc mohyveboda.

literaturul-dramatuli mauwyebloba. Cveulebrivad, mxatvrul radiomauwyeblobas or nawilad hyofen. litera-turul-dramatul da musikalur mauwyeblobad. pirveli maT-gani saqarTvelos radioSi literaturas — umTavresad erov-nul literaturas eyrdnoboda. mTeli Tavisi mravalsaukuno-vani istoriis manZilze qarTuli literatura yovelTvis udides rols asrulebda erovnuli cnobierebis dacvasa da ganviTarebaSi da es funqcia man radioSic SeinarCuna. ase rom, propagandistul-organizaciul saqmianobasa da komunisturi ideologiis gavrcelebasTan erTad saqarTvelos radio msme-nelTa patriotul aRzrdasac emsaxureboda, upirvelesad, qarTuli literaturis rogorc klasikis, ise Tanamedroveo-bis saukeTeso nimuSebis warmoCeniT. qarTuli literatura Seadgenda 1957-1984 wlebSi literaturuli programebis udi-des nawils, Tumca literaturis redaqcia arc sxva xalxebis Semoqmedebas uvlida gverds da sistematurad acnobda mas msmenelebs Targmanebis saxiT.

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tradiciulad, literaturuli gadacemebis redaqcia yo-velTvis maRalkvalificiuri kadrebiT iyo dakompleqtebu-li. aq Tavs iyridnen qarTuli mwerlobis warmomadgenlebi da profesionali Jurnalistebi, romelTa namuSevrebi dRemde daculia saqarTvelos radios audiofondSi: polio abramia, Salva amisulaSvili, varlam Juruli, mose qarCava, mogviane-biT: guram buxnikaSvili, ciala yifiani, akaki koberiZe, Tina kobalaZe, lamara kikilaSvili, nazi eliaSvili, jumber baqra-Ze, kapiton rusiSvili, soso paiWaZe, eldar kerZevaZe, vitali miqiaSvili, nana talaxaZe, maia wereTeli, mzia Cxetiani, zaza daraseli, soso sigua, mixeil kopaleiSvili, Tamaz xmalaZe, zina mWedluri, nana amiranaSvili, rusudan sulakauri da sxv.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom literaturam radioSi mniSvnelova-ni transformaciac ganicada, radgan eTerSi igi, literatu-ris Tanamedrove `werilobiTi enisagan~ gansxvavebiT, grafi-kuli ki ara, bgeriTi niSnebiT gadmoicema. beWduri sityva ze-piri sityviT Seicvala da axali esTetikuri Tvisebebi SeiZina — literaturul teqsts daemata wamkiTxvelis ostatoba, ga-erTianda ori xelovneba — mwerlisa da deklamatorisa. lite-ratura radioSi warmoudgenelia wamkiTxvelis xelovnebis gareSe (es misi arsebobis formaa), amitom ramdenadme xelov-nuri iyo rubrika — `mxatvruli kiTxvis ostatebi~, romelic 1963-1984 wlebSi jer sistematurad, Semdeg ki TandaTan iSvia-Tad gamoCndeboda xolme programaSi da bolos, savsebiT lo-gikurad, gauqmda kidec. isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom yvela literaturuli nawarmoebi erTnairad ar gamodgeba xmamaRla wasakiTxad. poeziis popularoba radioeTerSi, magaliTad, upirvelesad imiTaa ganpirobebuli, rom leqsi Tavidanve mo-sasmenad aris gankuTvnili (sxvanairad azri ar eqneboda mis melodikas, ritmikasa da evfonias). SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qar-Tul leqss (Targmanic xom qarTuli poeturi xelovnebis na-wilia) ar hyolia radiosTana qomagi da damfasebeli. aTeuli wlebis manZilze eTerSi yoveldRiurad JRerda erovnuli Tu Targmnili poeziis nimuSebi — sxvadasxva rubrikiT, sxvadasxva formiT, avtorebisa Tu msaxiobebis kiTxviT. 1957-1984 wlebSi sistematurad (xSirad ki yovel kviras) gadaicemoda rubrika `poeti mikrofonTan~ (an `poeti studiaSi~, rogorc, magali-

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Tad, 1978 wels). paralelurad 1970 wlis dekembridan eTerSi damkvidrda xuTwuTiani rubrika `poezia upirveles yovlisa~, romelic kviraSi samjer, erTsa da imave dros, radiomsmene-lebs acnobda qarTuli da sazRvargareTuli poeziis sauke-Teso nawarmoebebs (igi saukunis bolomde iyo saqarTvelos radios programaSi). damatebiT calke rubrikebi iyo SemoRe-buli qarTuli klasikuri poeziis propagandisaTvis: `qarTu-li poeziis anTologia~ (1958), `qarTuli poeziis anTologii-dan~ (1964) da `qarTuli poeziis saganZuri~ (1968-1974). 1966 wels, rusTavelis 800 wlisTavisaTvis, cnobili qarTveli msa-xiobebis: v. anjafariZis, T. WavWavaZis, e. manjgalaZis, o. meR-vineTuxucesis, g. saRaraZis, t. sayvareliZis, T. xaindravas, g. sixaruliZisa da sxvaTa kiTxviT mTlianad Caiwera `vefxistya-osani~ da gadaica rubrikiT — `rusTavelis saiubileod~.

garda amisa, drodadro mzaddeboda radioalmanaxi `poe-zia~ (1971-1973), ciklebi: `poeturi rveuli~ (1974-1978) da `cecxlis yvavilebi~ (leqsebi omze — 1982). maisSi an ivnisSi sistematurad aRiniSneboda poeziis dRe (magaliTad, 1960 wlis 5 ivniss am rubrikiT 35 wuTi daeTmo i. griSaSvilsa da g. leoniZes). xSirad rubrikebis gareSec gadaicemoda TvalsaCi-no qarTveli poetebis leqsebi (magaliTad, `ioseb griSaSvi-lis leqsebi~, `giorgi leoniZis leqsebi~, `simon Ciqovanis leqsebi~, `irakli abaSiZis leqsebi~ da a.S.).

didi yuradReba eqceoda qarTuli xalxuri poeziis war-moCenas. folkloris klasikur nimuSebTan erTad saqarTve-los radio msmenelebs acnobda xalxuri Semoqmedebis axalmo-Ziebul nimuSebsac. magaliTad, 1960 wlis TebervalSi gamocx-adebul konkurSi `xalxis saunje~, musikos-SemsruleblebTan, mocekvaveebTan, mxatvar-moqandakeebTan erTad mowveuli iy-vnen saxalxo mTqmelebic.1 mogvianebiT xalxuri leqsebisaT-vis Seiqmna specialuri rubrikebic: `Cemo naTqvamo sityvao!~ (1977, yovelkvireuli) da `leqso, nu daikargebi!~ (1980 wli-dan).

es mokle mimoxilvac naTlad gviCvenebs saqarTvelos ra-dios did mondomebas qarTuli leqsis popularizaciisaTvis.

1 gaz. `laparakobs Tbilisi~, 1963, 8.02, gv. 3.

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rac Seexeba sazRvargareTis poezias, programaSi Tavis ad-gils poulobda msoflios gamoCenil poetTa — rogorc kla-sikosTa, ise TanamedroveTa saukeTeso nawarmoebebis Targma-nebi, magram gacilebiT farTod iyo warmodgenili sabWoTa kavSiris xalxTa poezia. Tanac umravles SemTxvevaSi iseTi leqsebi iyo SerCeuli, romlebic Seesabameboda socialistu-ri internacionalizmis principebs, umReroda xalxTa leni-nur megobrobas, mSobliur partias, erTian samSoblos — sab-WoTa kavSirs. es advili SesamCnevia TviTon gadacemebisa da rubrikebis saxelwodebaTa mixedviTac: `arabi poetebis leq-sebi leninze~ (1958), `xalxTa sayvareli — moZme respublikebis poetTa leqsebi leninze~ (1959), `Zmao, ZmiTa xar Zlieri~ (1975-1986), `vrcelia Cemi qveyana~ (1979), `megobroba gzad da xidad~ (1979-1984), `kavSiri gulTa Soris~ (1984). Tumca iyo Se-darebiT neitraluri rubrikebic: `moZme xalxTa poezia~ (1964), `sabWoTa kavSiris xalxTa poezia~ (1968) da a.S. 1957-1965 wlebSi poeturi nawarmoebebi rusul enazec JRerda saqar-Tvelos radioSi — TiTqmis yovelTviurad gadaicemoda ro-gorc rusuli klasikuri da Tanamedrove poeziis nimuSebi, ise rusul enaze Targmnili qarTvel poetTa leqsebic (am pe-riodSi prozauli nawarmoebebi da dadgmebic iyo eTerSi ru-sul enaze).

aseve didi tradiciebi hqonda saqarTvelos radioSi pro-zauli nawarmoebebis kiTxvas. pirvel rigSi eTeri eTmoboda qarTuli klasikuri literaturis nimuSebs. calkeuli nawar-moebebis garda mzaddeboda specialuri ciklebi: `qarTuli klasikuri mwerloba~ (1967), `qarTuli proza~ (1968), `qarTu-li klasika~ (1970). calke rubrikebiT gadaicemoda qarTuli sabWoTa literaturis aRiarebuli nawarmoebebi: `qarTuli sabWoTa literaturis saunje~ (1967, yovelkvireuli), `qar-Tuli sabWoTa literaturis saganZuri~ (1970-1972). Tanamed-rove qarTul literaturas acnobda radiomsmenelebs rubri-kebi: `Tanamedrove qarTuli romani~ (1973-1975), `Tanamedrove qarTuli moTxroba~ (1983-1984).

SedarebiT naklebad gadaicemoda ucxoeTis proza. mxo-lod calkeuli nawarmoebebi ikiTxeboda zogjer zemoT aR-niSnuli rubrikiT `mxatvruli kiTxvis ostatebi~ da ramdeni-

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me gadacema momzadda cikliT `sazRvargareTis progresuli literatura~ (1958, 1959, 1970). mokavSire respublikebis pro-za gadaicemoda saerTo ciklebiT `sabWoTa mwerlebis axali nawarmoebebi~ (1969-1970) da `sabWoTa xalxebis literatura~ (1970).

am rubrikebis umravlesoba 70-iani wlebis meore naxevri-dan Seicvala zogadi xasiaTis rubrikiT — `literaturuli kiTxva~. igi saTaves iRebs 1974 wlidan, roca saqarTvelos ra-dioSi konkretuli rubrikis gareSe, yovelkvireulad, Tan-mimdevrobiT da gagrZelebebiT daiwyo sxvadasxva nawarmoebe-bis kiTxva (Tavidan prozisac da poeziisac). ianvridan ivli-samde gadaicemoda `vefxistyaosani~, Semdeg mas mohyva sul-xan-saba orbelianis `sibrZne-sicruisa~, romelic 1975 wlis Tebervlis meore naxevramde gagrZelda. martidan daiwyo da-viT guramiSvilis `daviTianis~ kiTxva, agvistos bolodan ki — `oTaraanT qvrivisa~ da a.S. 1976 wlis agvistodan amgvar gada-cemebs saerTo saxeli — `literaturuli kiTxva~ ewoda da sis-tematur rubrikad iqca. kiTxva ewyoboda yovelkvireulad — orSabaTs, samSabaTs, oTxSabaTsa da xuTSabaTs, 14 saaTze, 20 wuTis xangrZlivobiT da 2000 wlis bolomde grZeldeboda sa-qarTvelos radioSi. igi moicavda mxolod prozas — rogorc qarTul, ise Targmnil nawarmoebebs. pirvel xanebSi am rubri-kiT waikiTxes mniSvnelovani nawilebi iseTi nawarmoebebisa, rogoricaa: k. lorTqifaniZis `kolxeTis ciskari~, l. qiaCe-lis `gvadi bigva~ da `mTis kaci~, k. gamsaxurdias `mTvaris mo-taceba~ da `vazis yvaviloba~, s. kldiaSvilis `ferfli~, k. pa-ustovskis `kolxida~, d. Sengelaias `wiTeli yayaCo~ da sxv. aRsaniSnavia, rom `literaturuli kiTxvis~ rubrikiT zogjer publicisturi da saganmanaTleblo xasiaTis nawarmoebebic ikiTxeboda.

saqarTvelos radios literaturis propagandasTan er-Tad udidesi wvlili miuZRvis respublikaSi mxatvruli kiTx-vis skolisa da mxatvruli kiTxvis ostatebis mTeli pleadis CamoyalibebaSi. misi meSveobiT qarTulma sazogadoebriobam scenis garda eTeriTac, deklamaciis xelovnebiTac gaicno Teatris mravali korife da niWieri warmomadgeneli — al. ime-daSvili, u. CxeiZe, a. xorava, a. vasaZe, v. anjafariZe, v. goZiaS-

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vili, s. zaqariaZe, T. WavWavaZe, e. manjgalaZe, g. saRaraZe, o. meRvineTuxucesi, t. sayvareliZe, T. xaindrava, g. sixaruliZe da sxv. arc Teatrs, arc estradas miaxloebiTi efeqtiTac ki ar SeeZlo amis gakeTeba.

garda amisa, saqarTvelos radioSi tradiciad iyo qceuli qarTveli mwerlebis mikrofonTan gamoyvana sakuTari nawar-moebebis wasakiTxad. msgavsad zemoT ganxiluli rubrikisa `poeti mikrofonTan~, 1957-1984 wlebSi (sxvadasxva dros met-naklebi periodulobiT) eTerSi sistematurad iyo rubrika `mwerali mikrofonTan~, xolo 1964-1965 wlebSi rubrika — `mwerlebi kiTxuloben TavianT nawarmoebebs~. Tavisi diqciiT da Sesrulebis xarisxiT mwerali SeiZleba Camouvardebodes msaxiob-deklamators, magram mis gamosvlas Tavisi upirate-sobac aqvs. teqstis niuansebis codniT igi zogjer aRemateba kidec profesionalis kiTxvas, Canaweris dokumentur Rirebu-lebaze rom araferi vTqvaT (magaliTad, k. gamsaxurdias mier wakiTxuli `zarebi grigalSi~, romelic 1974 wlis 23 ivliss gadaica, Rirebulia ara imdenad mxatvruli kiTxvis Tvalsaz-risiT, ramdenadac imiT, rom mas avtori kiTxulobs, mis xmasa da ganwyobas inaxavs).

dokumenturi xasiaTis iyo agreTve cikli `zepiri memua-rebi~ — mikrofonTan gamodiodnen mxcovani mwerlebi, kriti-kosebi, mecnierebi, romlebic ixsenebdnen gardasul wlebsa da adamianebs, gamoCenil pirTa cxovrebis ambebs (mag., i. abaSi-Zis gamosvla 1981 wlis 6 ianvars, n. kecxovelis — 1981 wlis 5 ivniss, prof. s. xuciSvilis mogoneba vaxtang kotetiSvilze 1988 wlis 4 seqtembers da a.S.). zogjer saintereso mogonebebs uziarebdnen radiomsmenelebs cnobil mweralTa Svilebi Tu SviliSvilebi. dasanania mxolod, rom 1981 wlidan, rac es rubrika gamoCnda, yovelwliurad 2-3 gadacemaze meti ar mzaddeboda, 1989 wlis Semdeg ki saerTod aRar gamoCenila eTerSi (vin icis, ramdeni faqti, movlena Tu dokumenti saWi-roebs gamomzeurebas, ramdeni pirovneba — gaxsenebas).

didi yuradRebiT ekideboda saqarTvelos radio axal-gazrda mwerlebis warmoCenas da xSirad uTmobda maT mikro-fons. am mizniT SemoRebuli iyo rubrikebi: `axalgazrda mwer-lebi studiaSi~, `axalgazrda mwerlebi mikrofonTan~ (1963,

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yovelTviurad), `mikrofonTan axalgazrda avtorebi~ (1965), `Cveni literaturuli axalgazrdoba~ (1969), `axali saxelebi, axali avtorebi~ (1977-1978) da sxv. 80-iani wlebidan specia-lur rubrikebs axalgazrdobisaTvis literaturuli redaq-cia aRar amzadebda — am Temam literaturul-publicistur JurnalSi da sxva ciklebSi gadainacvla (samagierod, axal-gazrdobis redaqciam SemoiRo rubrika `Sexvedra axalgazrda SemoqmedebTan~, sadac sxvebTan erTad mwerlebsac eTmoboda adgili).

literaturuli mauwyeblobis (da, ra Tqma unda, kidev uf-ro musikaluri da dramatuli mauwyeblobis) ganviTarebaSi gadamwyveti roli Seasrula magnituri Caweris SemoRebam da gadacemebis fiqsaciis SesaZleblobam. saqme marto is ki araa, rom man radioesTetikaSi drois transformacia ganapiroba da safuZveli daudo axali dokumenturi Tu mxatvruli Jan-rebisa da formebis warmoSobas, aramed isic, rom SesaZlebeli gaxada radios fondis Seqmna, mxatvruli Tu dokumenturi na-warmoebebis firze Cawera, Senaxva da mravalgzis gamoyeneba. amgvari `biblioTekis~ — fonoTekis Seqmnis saWiroeba yovel-Tvis idga radios winaSe, magram udides teqnikur siZneleeb-Tan iyo dakavSirebuli. 40-iani wlebis meore naxevramde mxo-lod kinos xmisCamweri teqnikis daxmarebiT gaWirvebiT xer-xdeboda calkeuli gadacemebis, e.w. tonfilmebis Cawera. ara-da, mxatvruli nawarmoebi (arc radioSi da arc saerTod) mxo-lod erTjeradi `moxmarebisaTvis~ araa gankuTvnili. kultu-ra ver iarsebebda, rom misi faseulobebis Senaxva da Semdgomi TaobebisaTvis gadacema ar xdebodes. radio marTlac mxolod eTerul da efemerul fenomenad darCeboda, rom misi Seqmni-li nawarmoebebi ukanaskneli bgeris gaqrobasTan erTad qre-bodes. dRes saqarTvelos radios programebis udidesi nawi-li (pirvel rigSi musika, Teatri, literatura) im Canawerebs emyareba, romlebic aTeuli wlebis manZilze aris Seqmnili da fondSi Senaxuli. es fondi ubralo sacavi rodia — igi qarTu-li kulturis ganuyofeli nawilia da mis gareSe me-20 sauku-nis meore naxevris qarTuli kultura, qarTuli istoria bev-rad Raribi da uferuli iqneboda (tyuilad rodi uwodeben mas xatovnad `oqros fonds~).

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radios fondis arsebobam axali mimarTulebis Seqmnac ki ganapiroba literaturul mauwyeblobaSi. garda imisa, rom gadacemebs: `literaturuli kiTxva~, `poezia upirveles yov-lisa!~ `mwerali mikrofonTan~ da sxv. xSirad Tan axlavs in-formacia maTi Caweris droisa da adgilis Sesaxeb, saqarTve-los radioSi Camoyalibda mTeli rigi rubrikebi, romlebic uSualod fondTanaa dakavSirebuli da amiT iwvevs radiom-smenelTa interess. 60-ian wlebSi isini drodadro Tu gamoC-ndeboda eTerSi saiubileo TariRebis, radios dRis an gansa-kuTrebul SemTxvevebTan dakavSirebiT, mag.: `Cveni unikaluri Canawerebi~ (1963-1964), `dauviwyari xmebi~ (1965 wlis 22 Te-bervals am rubrikiT gadaica g. tabiZis Canaweri, 1 marts — S. dadianis, 1968 wels — sxva qarTveli mwerlebisa da a.S.). zog-jer calke gadaicemoda zogierTi safondo Canaweri, magali-Tad, `Tomas manis xma Cveni iSviaTi Canawerebis fondSi~ (1966, 22.01), à. yazbegis Semoqmedeba Cvens CanawerebSi~ (1967, 20.01), `brexti Cvens CanawerebSi (1967, 10.02) da a.S. 1970 wlidan amas sistematuri xasiaTi mieca — Seiqmna rubrika `Cveni iSviaTi Ca-nawerebi~, romelic eTerSi iyo yovel SabaTs 20 saaTsa da 30 wuTze naxevari saaTis xangrZlivobiT. am rubrikiT (igi 1987 wlis bolomde arsebobda) pirveli da mesame SabaTi musika-lur gadacemebs hqonda daTmobili, meore — literaturuls da meoTxe — dadgmebs. amave dros 1978 wlidan mzaddeboda rubrika àxali literaturuli Canawerebi~ (weliwadSi 5-7 ga-dacema). rogorc Cans, literaturisTvis arc es aRmoCnda sak-marisi da 1984 wlidan Seiqmna calke literaturuli rubrika `radios fondidan~, romelic yovelTviurad 2-3-jer gadaice-moda da moicavda rogorc mxatvrul, ise literaturul-kri-tikul da saganmanaTleblo gadacemebsac (magaliTad, 1984 wlis 5,6 ivniss gadaica prof. g. kiknaZis gamosvla ìlia WavWa-vaZis Semoqmedebis tendenciebi~).

radios fondis SeqmnaSi prioriteti ekuTvnis literatu-rul da musikalur redaqciebs (rac bunebrivic iyo mauwyeb-lobis specifikis gamo), mxolod mogvianebiT aubes maT mxari sxva redaqciebma. gansakuTrebiT didi wvlili miuZRviT am saqmeSi redaqtorebsa da radioJurnalistebs T. kobalaZesa da l. kikilaSvils. isic unda aRiniSnos, rom safondo Canawe-rebis mniSvneloba marto maTi mravalgzis gamoyenebiT ar

191

amoiwureboda. bevr SemTxvevaSi mxatvruli Tu dokumenturi Canawerebi Tavisi esTetikuri da istoriuli Rirebulebis ga-mo unikalur masalas iZleoda axali radionawarmoebebis Se-saqmnelad. amis saukeTeso magaliTia l. kikilaSvilis saavto-ro programa `rac daviwyebiT ar ibindeba~ (1973-1975), romel-sac 1976 wlidan `gauxunar ferTa eqo~ ewoda.

radio masobrivi informaciis erT-erTi yvelaze operati-uli arxia da, cxadia, uyuradRebod ver datovebda mimdinare literaturul procesebs (axali wignebisa da Jurnalebis ga-mosvlas, sxvadasxva konkursebs da a.S.), magaliTad: `raze mu-Saoben Cveni mwerlebi~ (1963), `qarTveli mwerlebis axali na-warmoebebi~ (1969), àxali qarTuli romanebi~ (1979-1982), `qar-Tveli mwerlebi xuTwledis mxardamxar~ (1974-1984). 1957-1984 wlebSi met-naklebi periodulobiT sistematurad mzaddebo-da rubrika àxali wignebi~ (axalgamosuli nawarmoebebis nawy-vetebis kiTxva), xolo 1977-1984 wlebSi — àxali Targmanebi~. 1979-1980 wlebSi rubrikiT `Jurnal `ciskris~ axali nomris miRebamde~ yovelTviurad gadaicemoda am Jurnalis yvelaze mniSvnelovani masalebi. 60-80-ian wlebSi periodulad iyo eTerSi jer rubrika `leninur premiaze wardgenili nawarmoe-bebi~ (magaliTad, 1962 wlis 18 ianvars gadaica nawyveti a. qu-TaTelis romanidan `pirispir~, xolo 27 ianvrs d. Sengelaias moTxroba `ganZi~), xolo Semdeg — `leninuri premiis laurea-tebi~ (isev nawarmoebebis kiTxva). aseve, 1965 wlidan gaCnda rubrikebi: `rusTvelis premiaze wardgenili nawarmoebebi~, `wardgenilia rusTavelis premiaze~, `rusTavelis premiis laureatebi~. 80-iani wlebidan maT daemata `wardgenilia sa-xelmwifo premiaze~ da `xuTwledis matianis~ premiis axali laureatebi~ (mag., m. kaxiZis leqsebis kiTxva 1984 wlis 1 Te-bervals) da a.S.

sxva redaqciebTan erTad literaturuli redaqciac, ra Tqma unda, operatiulad exmareboda sxvadasxva sazeimo Tari-Rebsa Tu politikur RonisZiebebs. magaliTisTvis sakmarisia davasaxeloT 1958 wlis gadacemebi miZRvnili ssrk umaRlesi sabWos arCevnebisadmi, indoneziis saxalxo dResaswaulisad-mi, vietnamis demokratiuli respublikis gamocxadebis dRi-sadmi, gdr-is mecxre wlisTavisadmi, komkavSiris 40 wlisTavi-

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sadmi, axalgazrdobis saerTaSoriso dRisadmi da a.S. farTod aRiniSna Tbilisis 1500 wlisTavi da kidev ufro farTod — qarTuli literaturisa da xelovnebis dekada moskovSi. 5-dan 27 martis CaTvliT mas mieZRvna gadacemebi: `riT warsdgebian qarTveli mxatvrebi dekadaze~, `sadekado speqtaklebi~, `de-kadis monawile mwerlebi mikrofonTan~, `dekadis monawile mwerlebi~, `qarTuli literaturisa da xelovnebis dekadis win~, `qarTuli literaturisa da xelovnebis dekada~ da a.S.

partiis yrilobebis, oqtombris revoluciisa Tu samamu-lo omis saiubileo kampaniebis periodSi literaturuli re-daqcia intensiurad monawileobda saerTo-sakomiteto rub-rikebSi: `yrilobis Sesaxvedrad~, `didi oqtombris saiubile-od~, `diadi gamarjvebis ama da am wlisTavisaTvis~ da a.S. upi-ratesad saTanadod SerCeuli mxatvruli nawarmoebebiT — Te-maturad Sesabamisi leqsebisa da moTxrobebis kiTxviT. sapir-velmaisod da saSvidnoembrod sistematurad mzaddeboda pa-Tetikuri literaturul-musikaluri radiokompoziciebi, gadaicemoda leqsebi samSobloze, partiaze, mSvidobaze da sxv. zafxulobiT literaturul programebs xSirad win uZRo-da rubrika `SromiTi semestris monawileTaTvis~, TiTqos isi-ni specialurad iyo gankuTvnili sazafxulo ardadegebze soflis meurneobaSi dasaqmebuli studentebisaTvis da a.S.

gansakuTrebiT farTod aRiniSneboda saqarTvelos radi-oSi qarTuli literaturis klasikosTa saiubileo TariRebi, rac mas qarTuli kulturis TviTmyofadobisa da erovnulo-bis aqtiuri propagandis saSualebas aZlevda. es tradicia sa-Taves iRebs jer kidev 30-iani wlebis meore naxevridan, roca radiom intensiurad daiwyo mzadeba rusTavelis 750 wlisTa-vis aRsaniSnavad (igi sazeimod aRiniSna mTel sabWoTa kavSir-Si 1937 wels) da daiwyo eTerSi `vefxistyaosnis~ kiTxva u. Cxe-iZis, al. imedaSvilis, a. xoravas, v. anjafariZis da sxvaTa mo-nawileobiT. maSin gamocxadda, rom saqarTvelos radios miza-nia Seqmnas `vefxistyaosnis~ kiTxvis kultura,1 es dapireba man pirnaTlad Seasrula. aTeuli wlebis manZilze rusTaveli literaturuli mauwyeblobis mudmivi Tema iyo. `vefxistyao-

1 `radiogazeTi~, 1935, 15.02, # 1.

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sani~ sistematurad gadaicemoda eTerSi mxatvruli kiTxvis ostatTa axali da axali Taobebis SesrulebiT. rogorc ze-moT aRvniSneT, 1966 wels, rusTavelis 800 wlisTavis saiubi-leod `vefxistyaosani~ mTlianad Caiwera da gadaica eTerSi. marto amiTac ki SeiZleba Sefasdes saqarTvelos radios dam-saxureba qarTuli kulturis winaSe. magram rusTavelis 800 wlisTavi radioSi mxolod `vefxistyaosnis~ kiTxviT ar Semo-farglula. momzadda uamravi gadacema, romlebic Seexeboda rusTavelis rols qarTuli eris sulier ganviTarebaSi, qar-Tuli msoflmxedvelobis CamoyalibebaSi. gadaica aTeulo-biT werili `vefxistyaosanze~ — iliasa da akakis polemikiT dawyebuli da rusTvelologTa Tanamedrove gamokvlevebiT damTavrebuli, agreTve rusTvelisadmi miZRvnili leqsebi, moTxrobebi, sxva mxatvruli nawarmoebebi. weliwad-naxevris ganmavlobaSi — 1965 wlis aprilidan 1966 wlis oqtombramde — yovel SabaTs, 22 saaTze, 30 wuTi daTmobili hqonda rubrikas — `rusTavelis saiubileod~. 1966 wlis meore naxevridan am rubrikam paraskevs, 22 saaTzec daikava naxevari saaTi. TviTon saiubileo kvira ki ase gamoiyureboda:

26.09-28.09 — saiubileo dRiuri. 26.09-27.09 — ssrk da saqarTvelos mweralTa kavSirebis

gaerTianebuli plenumebis translacia S. rusTavelis sa-xelobis saxelmwifo Teatridan.

27.09 — leqsebi rusTavelze. 28.09 — nawyvetebi d. arayiSvilis operidan `Tqmuleba

SoTa rusTavelze~. 29.09 — SoTa rusTavelis Zeglis gaxsna. reportaJi

axalcixidan. 30.09 — saiubileo saRamos translacia saqarTvelos

ssr umaRlesi sabWos sxdomaTa darbazidan. 30.09 — saiubileo koncertis translacia z. faliaSvi-

lis saxelobis operisa da baletis saxelmwifo Teatridan. 01.10 — musikis saaTi bavSvebisaTvis. `SoTa rusTaveli

musikaSi~. 01.10 — bavSvebisaTvis. `sibrZnis wigni~. 01.10 — oda rusTavelze. translacia Tbilisis spor-

tis sasaxlidan.

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arc sxva qarTvel mweralTa saiubileo TariRebi rCeboda yuradRebis gareSe. 1959 wels aRiniSna egnate ninoSvilis 100 da sulxan-saba orbelianis 300 wlisTavi. 1968 wels nikoloz baraTaSvilis 150 wlisTavisaTvis ocze meti gadacema momzad-da (11 seqtembers moewyo saiubileo saRamos translacia). spe-cialuri rubrikebi daeTmo a. wereTlis 120, 125, gansakuTre-biT ki — 150 wlisTavs. 1974 wels 30 seqtemberi — 6 oqtombris kvira mieZRvna a. yazbegis 125 wlis iubiles. farTod aRiniSna vaJa-fSavelas dabadebis 100 da 120 wlisTavebi. 100 wlisTavis saiubileo dReebSi marto bolo dekadaSi 17 gadacema iyo eTerSi.

16.07 — radiodadgma `aluda qeTelauri~. 17.07 — literaturuli gadacema — `mogonebani vaJa-

fSavelaze~. — s. yubaneiSvilis saubari — `vaJa-fSavelas cxovreba~. 18.07 — saubari — `vaJa-fSavela da xalxuri zepirsity-

viereba~. 19.07 — literaturuli gadacema `mogonebani `vaJa--

fSavelaze~. — S. mSveliZe. simfoniuri poema `zviadauri~. 20.07 — gadacema ciklidan — `Teatri mikrofonTan~, va-

Ja-fSavelas `baxtrioni~. 21.07 — vaJa-fSavelas lirika. 22.07 — vaJa-fSavelas moTxrobebi. 23.07 — saubari — `vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedeba~. — radiodadgma `gvelis mWameli~. 24.07 — literaturuli gadacema — `mxatvruli metyve-

lebis didostati~. — S. mSveliZe. simfoniuri poema `mindia~. 25.07 — koncerti-saubari `vaJa da musika~. 26.07 — literaturuli gadacema — `vaJa-fSavelasadmi

miZRvnili leqsebi~. — qarTuli xalxuri simRerebi vaJa-fSavelas teqstebze. — saiubileo saRamos translacia sportis sasaxlidan.

erovnul problematikas ukavSirdeboda literaturuli redaqciis sxva saiubileo gadacemebic, magaliTad, `deda-enis~ 100 wlisTavi 1976 wels.

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literaturuli mauwyeblobis mniSvnelovan nawils Sead-genda publicistika. qarTuli mwerloba arasdros gandgomia realur sinamdviles — igi yovelTvis exmaureboda mimdinare socialur-politikur procesebs, aqtiurad ganixilavda eri-sa da qveynis yvelaze mwvave problemebs da man es funqcia ra-dioSic SeinarCuna. 1957-1984 wlebSi literaturul-publi-cisturi mauwyebloba ZiriTadad or mimarTulebas moicavda: pirveli, operatiulad asaxavda respublikis literaturul cxovrebas da, meore, sistematurad exmaureboda qveyanaSi mimdinare socialur-politikur procesebs. upirvelesad am funqciebiT iyo ganpirobebuli 1957-1984 wlebSi sxvadasxva publicistur-mxatvruli radioJurnalebis arseboba. 1957-1964 wlebSi es iyo radioJurnali `literatura da xelovne-ba~, romelic TveSi orjer gadaicemoda 45-60 wuTis xangrZli-vobiT da mxatvruli nawarmoebebis garda Seicavda litera-turuli movlenebis amsaxvel reportaJebs, interviuebs, mwe-ralTa gamosvlebs da sxv. (amasTan, xelovnebis sxva dargebsac — kinos, Teatrs, mxatvrobas da a.S. ar tovebda uyuradRebod). masSi yvelaze gamokveTilad igrZnoboda literaturuli ma-uwyeblobis politikuri mimarTuleba — literaturis parti-ulobisa da socialisturi realizmis principebisadmi er-Tguleba. 1967 wels eTerSi gamoCnda `literaturuli almana-xi~, romelic Tavidan or TveSi erTxel mzaddeboda, xolo 1968 wels yovelTviuri gaxda. ramdenimejer gadaica progra-mis formis `literaturisa da xelovnebis siaxleni~ (1965) da `literaturis siaxleni~ (1971). amave dros, 1964-1968 wlebSi mzaddeboda radioklubis tipis `literaturuli saRamoebi~ (zogjer yovelTviurad, zogjer naklebi periodulobiT), romelic garkveulwilad publicistikasac Seicavda (am peri-odSi sakavSiro radioSic iyo msgavsi rubrika — `literatur-nie veCera~). 1974-1978 wlebSi `literaturisa da xelovnebis~ gamoSveba isev ganaxlda, magram amjerad mas radioJurnalis magivrad radioalmanaxi ewodeboda da TveSi erTxel gadaice-moda. amis Semdeg 10 wlis manZilze literaturuli radio-Jurnali programaSi aRar gamoCenila — publicistikam sxva rubrikebSi gadainacvla.

Tavisi ciklebi hqonda gamoyofili uSualod samwerlo

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publicistikas: `laparakoben literaturisa da xelovnebis moRvaweebi~ (1963), `literaturuli dialogebi~ (1974-1978) da, rac mTavaria, rubrika —~mwerali da cxovreba~, romelic 20 wlis manZilze (1968-1987) met-naklebi periodulobiT, magram sistematurad gadaicemoda eTerSi. es iyo publicisturi ga-mosvlebi yvelaze mwvave problemebze, narkvevebi da sxva do-kumenturi nawarmoebebi cxovrebis aqtualur sakiTxebze, romlebsac mikrofonTan TviTon mwerlebi kiTxulobdnen (ma-galiTad, mweral a. abSilavas dokumenturi wigni e.w. `foTis eqsperimentze~ — `movdivar fazisidan~ sanam gamoqveyndeboda, jer radioSi iqna wakiTxuli 1984 wels da 11 gadacema moicva).

literaturuli publicistikis kidev erTi gamokveTili mimarTuleba iyo narkvevebi TviTon mwerlebze da xelovnebis sxva dargis moRvaweebze — mxatvrebze, reJisorebze, msaxio-bebze da a.S. isini Tavmoyrili iyo sxvadasxva rubrikaSi: `qar-Tuli literaturisa da xelovnebis gamoCenili warmomadgen-lebi~ (1958), `literaturisa da xelovnebis moRvaweni~, `li-teraturuli portretebi~ (mag., g. natroSvili — 1963, 14.07, g. leoniZe — 1969, 27.12), `moZme respublikebis mweralTa por-tretebi~ (1969, rva gadacema), `sabWoTa mwerlebis literatu-ruli portretebi~ (1971-1974). magram yvelaze xangrZlivi is-toria aqvs rubrikas `SemoqmedebiTi portretebi~, romelic 1957-1984 wlebSi sistematurad iyo saqarTvelos radios eTerSi. sxvadasxva dros am rubrikis personaJebi iyvnen: s. qo-bulaZe (1964, 7.02), e. amaSukeli (1967, 17.04), a. xorava (1969. 21.12), m. TumaniSvili (1970, 29.04), g. abaSiZe (1972, 6.07), l. qia-Celi (1974, 19.02), l. gudiaSvili (1976, 25. 03), a. vasaZe (1989, 6. 08) da mravali sxva — qarTuli kulturis TvalsaCino warmo-madgeneli. gadacemebis xarisxsa da popularobas ki bevrad ganapirobebda mxatvruli kiTxva, dokumenturi saubris, leq-sis, simReris, musikis, kino da Teatraluri fragmentebis, sa-fondo Canawerebis intensiuri gamoyeneba.

garkveuli publicisturi datvirTva hqonda agreTve li-teraturul-kritikul gadacemebsac. magaliTad, cikli `zne-obrioba da qarTuli mwerloba~ SemecnebiTi daniSnulebis garda aRmzrdelobiT funqciasac asrulebda — aqtiurad ex-maureboda Tanamedroveobis moralur-eTikur problemebs. am

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cikliT 1981-1984 wlebSi 25 gadacema momzadda (aRsaniSnavia prof. r. baramiZis gamosvlebis seria — `zneobrioba `vefxis-tyaosanSi~ da kritikos g. asaTianis esei — `saTaveebTan~, ro-melmac 10 gadacema moicva). aseve didi patriotul-aRmzrde-lobiTi mniSvneloba hqonda SoTa rusTavelisadmi miZRvnil ciklebs: `rusTaveli msoflio literaturaSi~ (prof. l. me-nabdis saavtoro gadacema 1984-1986 wlebSi, 15 gadacema).

dabolos, isic unda aRiniSnos, rom literaturis redaq-cia iSviaTad, magram mainc amzadebda xelovnebis sxva darge-bisadmi miZRvnil ciklebsac: `qarTuli sabWoTa saxviTi xe-lovneba 40 wlis manZilze~ (1961), `qarTuli sabWoTa filmi 40 wlis manZilze~ (1961), `kinos samyaroSi~ (1967), `qarTuli sab-WoTa xelovneba~ (1967) da sxv.

literaturuli mauwyeblobis erT-erT yvelaze popula-rul saxeobas 1957-1984 wlebSi warmoadgenda satirul-iumo-ristuli gadacemebi, romlebsac literaturul-dramatuli gadacemebis mTavari redaqciis amave saxelwodebis redaqcia amzadebda (karlo faliani, lia ZiZiguri, dimitri lobJaniZe). igi moicavda iumoristul leqsebsa da moTxrobebs, litera-turul feletonebs, sketCebsa da nawyvetebs komediebidan, kuriozebsa da sasacilo SemTxvevebs cnobil adamianTa cxov-rebidan da a.S. TviTon gadacemebis forma da perioduloba wlebis ganmavlobaSi sagrZnoblad icvleboda. 60-iani wlebis pirvel naxevarSi isini gaerTianebuli iyo rubrikaSi `satira da iumori~ (1958-1963, 30-40 wT.) da `mxiaruli Sexvedrebis klubi~ (1965, 30 wT.). Tu pirveli ZiriTadad calkeuli nawar-moebebiT Semoifargleboda, meore — krebiTi xasiaTis, garkve-ulwilad improvizaciuli programa iyo (mowveul stumreb-Tan dialogsac gulisxmobda) da im droisTvis erTgvar siax-lesac warmoadgenda (samwuxarod, misi mxolod ramdenime ga-moSveba momzadda). 1963 wlis 15 ivlisidan pirvelad gavida eTerSi iumoristuli programa `mxiarul talRaze~. es iyo na-xevarsaaTiani, Jurnalis tipis gadacema, romelic jer yovel-kvireulad (SabaTobiT), Semdeg ki TveSi 2-3-jer gadaicemoda da moicavda rogorc mxatvrul, ise dokumentur masalebs (Sexvedrebi iumorist mwerlebTan, komikos msaxiobebTan, pa-rodistebTan da a.S.). zogjer mTeli gamoSveba erT romelime

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Temas an romelime avtors eZRvneboda. 1968-1984 wlebSi para-lelurad mzaddeboda rubrika `satiris maxviliT~ (30 wuTi), romelic TveSi erTxel enacvleboda `mxiarul talRas~. igi ufro mwvave xasiaTisa iyo, daundoblad ebrZoda socialis-turi sazogadoebis `calkeul naklovanebebs~ (Tumca konkre-tul misamarTebs ar Seicavda), amxelda kapitalisturi samya-ros `mglur kanonebs~ (ZiriTadad rusulidan Targmnili pam-fletebisa da sxva masalebis saSualebiT).

satirisa da iumoris redaqcias ukavSirdeba radioTi ki-nofilmis gadacemis praqtikis aRdgenac. rogorc meore TavSi aRiniSna, 50-iani wlebis dasawyisSi sistematurad gadaicemo-da yvela im filmis fonograma, romlebsac Tbilisis kinoTe-atrebSi uCvenebdnen. aucilebel damatebiT informacias diq-tori iZleoda (amgvar gadacemas `radiofilms~ uwodebdnen). amave tipis iyo rubrika `kinofilmi uekranod~, romelic 8 wlis manZilze — 1982-1989 wlebSi gadaicemoda (wliurad 3-4). miuxedavad imisa, rom igi uTuod daainteresebda audi-toriis garkveul nawils (Tundac usinaTloebs an dedaqalaqs daSorebuli regionebis mosaxleobas), es ar iyo swori mimar-Tuleba — kino audiovizualuri xelovnebaa da misi xma calke, gamosaxulebis gareSe mosasmenad araa gankuTvnili.

literaturasTan erTad radiomauwyeblobaSi farTo as-parezi pova Teatralurma xelovnebam, Tumca literaturis msgavsad manac ganicada garkveuli transformacia. erTi mxriv, igi ufro Seesabameba radios specifikas, radgan zepir sityvas, xmaursa da musikas iyenebs, magram amasTan erTad Te-atri iseT vizualur elementebsac Seicavs, rogoricaa deko-racia, msaxiobTa fizikuri moqmedeba, mizanscenebi da a.S., ro-melTa reproduqcia radios ar SeuZlia da iZulebulia isini sityvieri formiT gamoxatos. amiTaa ganpirobebuli rogorc Teatraluri translaciebis dros, ise studiaSi dadgmul speqtaklebSi wamyvanis arseboba, romelic radiomsmenelebs ganumartavs yvelafers, rac moqmed pirTa metyvelebiT, xmau-riT an musikiT ar gadmoicema.

saqarTvelos radioSi dramatul gadacemaTa redaqcia calke struqturad 60-iani wlebis dasawyisSi Camoyalibda. Tumca, rogorc wina TavebSi aRiniSna, is literaturul ma-

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uwyeblobasTan erTad 50-iani wlebidan iRebs saTaves. sxva-dasxva periodSi am redaqciaSi muSaobdnen: suliko gawerelia, lamara kikilaSvili, nazi eliaSvili, Sovina qacarava, manana TevzaZe, nino iaSvili.

istoriulad dramatuli mauwyeblobis pirveli forma iyo Teatraluri speqtaklis translacia, Tavidan igi pirda-pir erTveboda radioprogramaSi anda pirdapir gadaicemoda studiidan adaptirebuli saxiT, Semdgom ki, roca Caweris Se-saZlebloba Seiqmna, speqtaklebis gadacemas ufro organize-buli da sistematizebuli saxe mieca. speqtaklis Canaweri, romelsac Tan diqtoris ganmartebiTi teqstic erTvoda, 60-ian wlebamde cxaddeboda rogorc speqtaklis radiomontaJi. rubrika `Teatri mikrofonTan~ (igi moicavda rogorc drama-tuli, ise saopero speqtaklebis pirdapir translaciebs an satranslacio Canawerebs) 1957-1970 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda orSabaTobiT an samSabaTobiT. 1971 wlidan mis-Tvis gamoiyo mudmivi dro — orSabaTi, 20 saaTi da 30 wuTi, xo-lo 1983-1990 wlebSi SabaTi da kvirac daemata. am rubrikiT gadaicemoda rogorc respublikuri, ise raionuli Teatrebis gamorCeuli speqtaklebic, romlebic axla saqarTvelos ra-dios fondSia Tavmoyrili da did mxatvrul memkvidreobas-Tan erTad unikalur masalas warmoadgens qarTuli Teatra-luri xelovnebis istoriis SeswavlisaTvis.

igive SeiZleba iTqvas meore rubrikis — `scenis ostate-bis~ Sesaxeb. 1960-1970 wlebSi isic arasistematurad da sxva-dasxva periodulobiT gadaicemoda eTerSi, amasTan xan rome-lime msaxiobis portrets warmoadgenda (magaliTad, gadacema griboedovis saxelobis Teatris msaxiob i. rusinovze — 1960, 20. 04), xan kidev scenas speqtaklidan yovelgvari komentaris gareSe. 1971 wlidan igi sistematurad gadaicemoda yovel xuTSabaTs, 12 saaTsa da 25 wuTze, 10 wuTis moculobiT da warmoadgenda scenas speqtaklidan ama Tu im gamoCenili msa-xiobis monawileobiT. Teatralur xelovnebas eTmoboda ag-reTve rubrika `scenebi speqtaklebidan~, romelic sxvadasxva periodulobiTa da qronometraJiT, magram sistematurad ga-daicemoda 1957-1984 wlebSi da 1978 wlis yovelTviuri cikli `Tqveni TxovniT~, romelic literaturul gadacemebTan er-

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Tad zogjer Teatralur speqtaklebsa da radiodadgmebsac moicavda.

TviTon Teatraluri cxovrebis mimdinareobas, misi prob-lemebis ganxilvas 80-iani wlebis meore naxevramde radioma-uwyebloba nakleb yuradRebas aqcevda. saqarTvelos gasabWo-ebis 40 wlisTavisaTvis, 1961 wels moewyo ramdenime gadacema cikliT `qarTuli sabWoTa Teatri 40 wlis manZilze~ da 1967 wels, saqarTvelos gasabWoebis wlisTavisaTvis aseve ramde-nime gadacema cikliT `qarTuli sabWoTa Teatri~ (calkeuli masalebi periodulad gadaicemoda agreTve radioJurnal `literatura da xelovnebaSi~).

radiomauwyeblobaSi Teatraluri xelovnebis meore mi-marTulebaa radioTeatri. rogorc adre aRiniSna, saqarTve-los radioSi pirveli radiospeqtaklebi ukve 30-iani wlebis dasawyisSi gamoCnda da Teatralur da saopero speqtakleb-Tan erTad pirdapir gadaicemoda eTerSi. maSin igi mZlavrad ganicdida deklamaciuri xelovnebis zegavlenas da ufro li-teraturuli Teatris esTetikisaken ixreboda. Semdgom radi-os specifikis aTvisebisa da misi gamosaxviTi saSualebebis dauflebasTan erTad radioTeatrmac TandaTan Seicno Tavi-si SesaZleblobani. am procesSi didi roli Seasrula radio-teqnikis ganviTarebam, kerZod, magnituri Caweris damkvidre-bam, ramac mravalarxiani fiqsaciisa da Semdeg arsebul masa-laze muSaobis saSualeba Seqmna.

60-iani wlebisaTvis, SeiZleba iTqvas, radiospeqtaklis buneba ZiriTadad ukve gaazrebulia — es ukve aRar aris teq-stis ubralo dialogizacia an sanaxaobis fonograma, aramed damoukidebeli esTetikuri struqtura, romelic maqsimalu-rad iyenebs radios yvela gamosaxviT saSualebas — zepir sityvas, xmaurs, musikas, montaJs, drois transformaciidan gamomdinare yvela SesaZleblobas. qarTuli radioTeatris Camoyalibeba reJisorTa ramdenime Taobis damsaxurebaa. 1957-1984 wlebSi, sxvadasxva periodSi, radioSi moRvaweobdnen: gi-vi saginaSvili, daviT Zigua, sergo WeliZe, jemal anjafariZe, giorgi vasaZe, levan guruli, Salva mJavanaZe, ciala qurdova-niZe, neli rusiSvili, giorgi gamsaxurdia, vladimer modeba-Ze, TaTia xaindrava, badri miqaSaviZe, Tamaz mesxi da sxv. gansa-

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kuTrebiT didi wvlili miuZRviT radios mTavar reJisorebs: g. macxonaSvils, v. maRlaferiZes, z. kandelaks. maTi namuSev-rebi Rirseulad fasdeboda respublikis farglebs gareTac. magaliTad, 1960 wlis 13 maiss gazeTi `laparakobs Tbilisi!~ iuwyeboda, rom `radios literaturul-dramatulma redaqci-am r. CaCaniZis moTxrobis `simRera oqrosfer mtredebze~ ra-diodadgma sakonkursod gagzavna sakavSiro radiokomitetSi. axlaxan gamoirkva konkursis Sedegebi. radiodadgma dajil-dovda meore xarisxis diplomiT. es SemoqmedebiTi gamarjveba Sedegia msaxiobebisa da reJisoris, redaqciis muSakebis kargi muSaobisa. dadgmis reJisoria g. macxonaSvili, mTavar rolebs asruleben msaxiobebi: kovaliova, siomina, respublikis sa-xalxo artisti T. WavWavaZe da sxv.~ aseve maRali Sefaseba mie-ca 1962 wels mokavSire respublikebis radiofestivalze n. dumbaZis moTxrobis `me vxedav mzes~ radiodadgmas, romelic 17 dekembers gadaica sakavSiro eTerSi (inscenirebis avtore-bi: g. dvaliSvili, r. uruSaZe, reJisori g. macxonaSvili). ru-sul enaze momzadebuli qarTuli radiospeqtaklebi 70-ian da 80-ian wlebSic didi popularobiT sargeblobda amgvar fes-tivalebze.

radioSi speqtaklebis dasadgmelad araerTxel mouwvevi-aT qarTuli Teatraluri xelovnebis gamoCenili moRvawee-bic, magaliTad, akaki vasaZe (fridrix Sileris `yaCaRebi~), ar-Cil CxartiSvili (uiaraRos `mameluki~, al. morekis `beThove-ni~), robert sturua da Teimuraz abaSiZe (onore de balzakis `mama gorio~), mixeil TumaniSvili (daviT kldiaSvilis `msxverp-li~), Temur CxeiZe (antuan de sent-egziuperis `patara uflis-wuli~), agreTve: dodo anTaZe, anzor quTaTelaZe, merab ja-liaSvili, aleko ninua, Tengiz goSaZe da sxv.

qarTuli radioTeatri arasodes yofila ganebivrebuli originaluri radiopiesebiT (pirveli seriozuli cdebi am sferoSi 80-iani wlebidan iwyeba da mxolod 90-ian wlebSi aR-wevs garkveul profesiul dones). im dadgmebidan, romlebic 1960-1984 wlebSi momzadda, absoluturi umravlesoba Teat-ralur pirebsa da cnobil mxatvrul nawarmoebTa inscenire-bebs emyareboda. pirvel rigSi saqarTvelos radiom miznad daisaxa axali xelovnebis saSualebiT qarTuli literaturis

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warmoCena. eTerSi aJRerda qarTuli klasikis saukeTeso nimu-Sebi: vaJa-fSavelas `baxtrioni~ da `gogoTur da afSina~, a. yaz-begis `moZRvari~, èlguja~, `xevisberi goCa~ da sxv. d. kldiaS-vilis `darispanis gasaWiri~, i. WavWavaZis, a. wereTlis, e. ni-noSvilis, n. lorTqifaniZis da sxvaTa nawarmoebebis insceni-rebebi. gansakuTrebiT farTo adgili daeTmo uaxles qarTul literaturas: m. javaxiSvilis àrsena marabdeli~, k. gamsa-xurdias `mTvaris motaceba~ da `didostatis marjvena~, g. le-oniZis inscenirebuli moTxrobebi, l. qiaCelis `gvadi bigva~ da `haki aZba~, d. Sengelaias `ganZi~, l. goTuas ùgzo qaravani~ da `krwanisis sevda~, a. beliaSvilis `Tavgadasavali besik ga-baSvilisa~, v. WeliZis `cxovreba ivane maCablisa~, r. jafari-Zis `jariskacis qvrivi~, r. inaniSvilis `Cemi wyal-Walis xme-bi~, n. dumbaZis `nu gaaRviZeb!~, g. doCanaSvilis `kaci, romel-sac literatura Zlier uyvarda~ da mravali sxva. saqarTve-los radio arc sabWoTa literaturas da sazRvargareTis li-teraturas tovebda uyuradRebod. momzadda radiospeqtak-lebi cnobili nawarmoebebis mixedviT: m. gorkis `makar Cud-ra~, n. pogodinis `mesame paTetikuri~, k. paustovskis òqros vardi~, k. simonovis `dReebi da Rameebi~, C. aitmatovis `TeTri xomaldi~ da sxv. agreTve evripides `medea~, o. balzakis `pol-kovniki Saberi~, b. brextis `galileo galilei~, e. voiniCis `krazana~, e. hemingueis `moxuci da zRva~ da a.S.

Cveulebrivad, 1960-1984 wlebSi saqarTvelos radios kvi-ris programaSi yovelTvis iyo erTi radiospeqtakli mainc. amave dros radioSi damkvidrda radiodadgmebis festivale-bis mowyobis tradiciac (magaliTad, 1962 wlis april-maisSi da 1980 wlis noembridan 1981 wlis Tebervlis CaTvliT — sa-qarTvelos gasabWoebis 60 wlisTavisaTvis). ase rom, radioTe-atri saqarTvelos radiomauwyeblobis aucilebel elementad Camoyalibda.

musikaluri mauwyebloba. musika Tavisi bgeradobis gamo yvela xelovnebaze metad Seesabameba radios specifikas da radiomauwyebloba mTel msoflioSi misi yvelaze masobrivi gamavrcelebeli da propagandistia.

musikalur gadacemebs yovelTvis wamyvani adgili ekava saqarTvelos radios programaSic. radioauditoriis musikiT

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dainteresebam ganapiroba Tavis droze meore programisa da ultramokletalRovani mauwyeblobis Camoyalibeba, stereo-mauwyeblobis dawyeba, musikalur-informaciuli programe-bis warmoSoba. yoveldRiurad drois umetesi nawili eTerSi musikas ekava da, Sesabamisad, musikaluri gadacemebis redaq-ciac sxvebTan SedarebiT ufro mravalricxovani iyo. Tavidan igi mxatvruli gadacemebis mTavari redaqciis struqturaSi Sedioda, 1967 wlidan ki calke mTavar redaqciad Camoyalibda (mTavari redaqtori aleqsandre bukia, 1968 wlidan — gulnara kacelaSvili, 1979 wlidan — lali vardanaSvili). 1957-1984 wlebSi, sxvadasxva periodSi, aq muSaobdnen: k. rosebaSvili, g. gvarjalaZe, g. arayiSvili, d. veCerkovski, m. gugeSaSvili, n. xvitia, g. TxeliZe, i. gamyreliZe, m. feraZe, l. miqaberiZe, l. sexniaSvili, m. fiCxaZe, m. korZaia, p. xurciZe, e. grigolia, e. jafariZe, j. yifiani, n. wilosani, l. wkeplaZe, v. nanitaSvi-li, j. sefiaSvili. a. beliavski, l. gabunia, l. karanaZe, n. bax-taZe, n. garsevaniSvili, g. xvedeliZe, m. CijavaZe, l. seTuriZe, m. SaoSvili da sxv. garda amisa, radioSi moRvaweobda bevri TvalsaCino musikosi — sxvadasxva orkestrisa da ansamblis diriJori Tu samxatvro xelmZRvaneli: lile kilaZe, givi az-maifaraSvili, vadim SublaZe, spartak korkotaSvili, kirile vaSakiZe, omar kelaptriSvili, niko nadiraSvili, mamia xate-liSvili, Temur qevxiSvili, giorgi uSikiSvili, oTar safa-riSvili, saSa raqviaSvili, givi gaCeCilaZe, Tamaz yuraSvili, gogi kalandaZe da sxv.

musika yovelTvis did rols asrulebda auditoriasTan radios urTierTkavSiris ganmtkicebaSi. yvelaze met werils saqarTvelos radiomauwyeblobaSi musikaluri programebis redaqcia iRebda da, rogorc wesi, radiomsmenelTa fostis udidesi nawili sxvadasxva musikaluri nawarmoebis gadacemis Txovnas Seicavda. amiTaa ganpirobebuli, rom daarsebidan dRemde saqarTvelos radios programaSi yovelTvis iyo kon-certi radiomsmenelTa TxovniT. 1961-1965 wlebSi mas ewode-boda `koncerti radiomsmenelTa dakveTiT~ da gadaicemoda yovel paraskevs, 30 wuTis moculobiT. 1966 wels koncerts ewoda `Tqveni TxovniT, megobrebo!~ da, zogierTi gamonakli-sis garda, 1984 wlis bolomde yovelkvireulad iyo programa-

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Si (50 wT.). garda amisa, 1963-1984 wlebSi yovel kvira dRes, 18 saaTisa da 10 wuTidan 19 saaTamde (1978 wlidan ki 19 saaTidan) eTerSi iyo kidev erTi `koncerti radiomsmenelTa TxovniT~ (periodulad — `Tqveni TxovniT, megobrebo!~).

magram `dakveTili~ koncertebis organizacia yovelTvis mxolod radiomsmenelTa interesebiTa da moTxovnilebebiT rodi iyo gamowveuli. mas garkveuli politikuri funqciac ekisreboda da xSirad erTgvari `jildos~ formac ki hqonda — ama Tu im adamianebisadmi Tu socialuri jgufisadmi pativis-cemas gamoxatavda. magaliTad, `koncerti komunisturi Sro-mis brigadebis, mowinave qarxnebis, fabrikebisa da sawarmoe-bis muSakTa dakveTiT~ (1960, 13. 07), `koncerti saqarTvelos Zveli bolSevikebis dakveTiT~ (1962, 25. 02), `koncerti Tbili-sis elmavalmSenebeli qarxnis radiomsmenelTa kvireulis mo-nawileTa dakveTiT~ (1962, 4. 03), `koncerti yizlaris zamTris saZovrebze myofi qarTveli mecxvareebis dakveTiT~ (1962, 28. 06) da sxv. rogorc adrec aRvniSneT, 1961-1971 wlebSi saiubi-leo ciklis `idide marad, Cemo samSoblov!~ yovel gadacemas calkeul raionze Tan axlda koncerti am raionis mSromelTa TxovniT; aseve, yoveli profesiuli dRis aRsaniSnavad speci-alur gadacemasTan erTad eTerSi iyo koncerti am profesiis muSakTa TxovniT. musikaluri gadacemebis redaqcia koncer-tebiT exmaureboda agreTve sxvadasxva politikur Tu same-urneo kampanias: `koncerti partiis ... yrilobis delegatebis TxovniT~, `koncerti SromiTi semestris monawileebisaTvis~, koncerti `TqvenTvis, mevenaxeebo!~ (1980, oqtomberi), kon-certi `TqvenTvis, studenturi rTvelis monawileno!~ (1984, oqtomberi) da sxv.

es koncertebi Sereuli xasiaTisa iyo da auditoriis gaT-valiswinebiT umravles SemTxvevaSi estradas, msubuq musikas, xalxur simRerebs moicavda. saerTod ki, saqarTvelos radios musikaluri mauwyebloba 1957-1984 wlebSi uaRresad mraval-ferovani da diferencirebuli iyo. amas, erTi mxriv, ganapi-robebda auditoriis sxvadasxva nawilis, sxvadasxva socialu-ri jgufis gansxvavebuli gemovneba, interesebi da moTxovni-lebani, romelsac musikaluri programebis redaqcia sistema-turad swavlobda werilebis saSualebiT (iSviaTad, socio-

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logiuri gamokvlevebis meSveobiT), agreTve radiomsmenele-bis daswrebuli Tu dauswrebeli konferenciebis mowyobiT. magaliTad, 1960 wlis 25 marts gazeTi `laparakobs Tbilisi!~ iuwyeboda, rom `1960 wlis 31 marts saqarTvelos ssr minis-trTa sabWosTan arsebuli radiomauwyeblobisa da televizi-is komiteti awyobs radiomsmenelTa saqalaqo konferencias Temaze — `musikaluri gadacemebi~. konferencia Catardeba v. sarajiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo konservatori-is did darbazSi (griboedovis q. 8). dasasruls gaimarTeba koncerti~. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom amgvar koncertebs radiomsme-nelebTan sxvadasxva Sexvedrebze xSirad marTavdnen radio-te-leviziis samxatvro koleqtivebi. 1957-1984 wlebSi tele-ra-diokomitets mudmivad hyavda Tavisi simfoniuri orkestri, saestrado orkestri, folkloruli ansambli, sxvadasxva pe-riodebSi ki bavSvTa gundi, xalxur sakravTa orkestri, vaJTa vokaluri kvarteti, simfoniuri kvarteti, ansambli `laSari~ da sxv., romlebic aqtiurad monawileobdnen musikaluri ga-dacemebis momzadebaSic. radioauditoriis moTxovnilebaTa Seswavla periodulad xdeboda agreTve televiziisa da radi-omauwyeblobis dReebis mimdinareobisas, romlebic 1980-1984 wlebSi xSirad ewyoboda sawarmoo Tu sxva organizaciebSi da respublikis calkeul regionebSi. musikaluri mauwyeblobis mravalgvarovan xasiaTs bevrad gansazRvravda agreTve Tvi-Ton musikaluri Janrebisa da formebis mravalferovneba. ze-moTqmulidan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos radioSi Tavidanve Camoyalibda musikaluri mauwyeblobis sami ZiriTadi mimar-Tuleba: klasikuri musikis, saestrado da msubuqi musikisa da xalxuri musikis (TviTon musikaluri programebis mTavari redaqciis struqturac amis mixedviT iyo organizebuli).

klasikuri musikis nawarmoebebi calke iSviaTad Tu gamoC-ndeboda programaSi, isini gaerTianebuli iyo sxvadasxva rub-rikaSi, rac redaqcias Temebisa da formebis tipizaciis saSua-lebas aZlevda da xels uwyobda mudmivi auditoriis Camoya-libebas. zogierTi rubrika aTeuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi ga-daicemoda eTerSi, mag.: `xelovnebis ostatTa koncerti~ (an `msoflios, sabWoTa Tu saqarTvelos xelovnebis ostatTa

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koncerti~), `popularuli simfoniuri musika~, `popularuli saopero musikis koncerti~, `sabaleto musika~, `kameruli mu-sika~ da a.S. zogierTi rubrika Janris, avtoris anda Semsru-leblebis mixedviT iyo diferencirebuli: `qarTveli sabWoTa kompozitorebi~ (1960), `sabWoTa musika~ (1961), `gamoCenili sabWoTa momRerlebi~ (1965), `sabWoTa musikis saaTi~ (1968, yo-velkvireuli), `italiuri opera~ (1964) da sxv. ewyoboda mra-vali saopero da simfoniuri koncertis translacia operisa da baletis saxelmwifo Teatridan da saxelmwifo konserva-toriis didi darbazidan. 1970-1984 wlebSi TveSi orjer, Sa-baT dRes, rubrika `Cveni iSviaTi Canawerebi~ (30 wT.) musikas eTmoboda. 1975-1991 wlebSi xSirad iyo eTerSi rubrika `Cveni axali Canawerebi~ (rogorc erovnuli, ise sazRvargareTuli musikis). gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos yovelkvireuli seri-uli gadacemebi: 1963 wlidan yovel paraskevs, 1969 wlidan ki yovel kviras, 1984 wlis bolomde gadaicemoda rubrika `musi-kis saaTi axalgazrdobisaTvis~, xolo 1973-1991 wlebSi — `axal-gazrdebis Semoqmedeba~ (yovel paraskevs, 20-25 wuTi). orive maTgani klasikur musikas uwevda propagandas. 1973-1981 wleb-Si, yovel kvira dRes, erTi saaTi eTmoboda rubrikas `gamoCe-nili musikos-Semsruleblebi~ (koncerti).

klasikuri musikis propagandis erT-erTi mimarTuleba iyo musikaluri gadacemebi komentaris TanxlebiT, sadac teq-sti saganmanaTleblo funqcias asrulebda, xels uwyobda mu-sikaluri nawarmoebis gagebasa da aRqmas, kompozitoris Tu Semsruleblis Semoqmedebis gacnobas da a.S. gansakuTrebiT mosaxerxebeli gamodga am mizniT koncerti-saubris forma — magaliTad, koncerti-saubari `diriJori e. miqelaZe~ (1959, 23.06), koncerti-saubari `franguli musika~ (1960, 12.05), kon-certi-saubari `qarTuli musika yrilobidan yrilobamde~ (1966, 28.03), ciklebi: `simfoniuri musika da misi sakravebi~ (1966-1967, kompozitor S. mSveliZis saavtoro gadacema), `sab-WoTa musikis matiane~ (1967), `qarTuli musika dRes~ (1971) da sxv. 1968-1975 wlebSi TiTqmis yovelkvireulad (SabaTobiT) eTerSi iyo rubrika gamoCenil kompozitorTa da musikos-Sem-srulebelTa Sesaxeb `mogonebebi, werilebi, statiebi~ (1 saa-Tamde). ufro adre am tipis iyo radiokompozicia `jilis mo-

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gonebebis masalebi~ (1966, sami gadacema). radiomsmenelebis didi interesi gamoiwvia Tbilisis konservatoriis profesor nodar andRulaZis saavtoro ciklma `msoflios saopero sce-nis varskvlavebi~, romelic 1984 wlidan yovelkvireulad ga-daicemoda naxevari saaTis moculobiT. 60-iani wlebis pirvel naxevarSi popularuli iyo saganmanaTleblo-gasarTobi cik-lebi, romlebic mniSvnelovanwilad klasikur musikasac moi-cavda: ìciT Tu ara, Tqven? (1961), `musikaluri radioviqto-rina~ (1963-1965, 1969, 1970), `musikaluri krosvordi~ (1964, 1965), `musikaluri leqsikoni~ (1964), `koncerti-gamocana~ (`modi, gavixsenoT!~ — 1973).

radiomauwyeblobaSi gansakuTrebiT nayofieri gamodga mxatvrul da dokumentur teqstebTan musikaluri formebis gaerTianeba. es procesi saqarTvelos radioSi ukve SeimCneva 60-iani wlebis dasawyisidan. musikosebze Seqmnili mxatvruli Tu dokumenturi gadacemebi gamdidrebulia Sesabamisi musi-kaluri nawarmoebebiT, rac mkveTrad zrdis maT emociur ze-moqmedebas da ufro srulad gviCvenebs gmiris saxes (sruliad cxadia, rom kompozitorsa da momReralze radioTi meti in-formaciis miReba SeiZleba misi bgeradobis gamo, vidre Tun-dac ukeTesi sagazeTo Tu saJurnalo narkvevidan). amasTan, aq musika imdenad gamosaxviT saSualebas ar warmoadgens, ramde-nadac esTetikuri zemoqmedebis damoukidebeli funqcia gaaC-nia, Tumca erTiani gadacemis ganuyofeli elementia. musikas aseT Sereul formebSi imdenad didi mniSvneloba eniWeba, rom igi Janris saxelwodebazec ki aris damatebuli da xazs usvams nawarmoebSi ori elementis — zepiri sityvisa da musikis Tana-arsebobas. amis magaliTebia: musikaluri novelebi: `svaneTis mTebis gamoZaxili~ (1959. 9.04), `siWabukis wlebi~ (1961, 6.03), `violino~ (1964, 28.01), `Sopenis dabruneba~ (1979, 8.08), musika-luri moTxrobebi: èrTi Ramis genia~ (1964, 18.02), `rusuli simfonia~ (1966, 12.01), `Sopenis cxovrebidan~ (1968, 8.04); musi-kaluri radionarkvevebi: `niko SarabiZe~ (1968. 12.04), èliso virsalaZe~ (1979, 17.05), `mReris medea namoraZe~ (1986, 13.03); `musikaluri portretebi~ (am cikliT, magaliTad, 1961 wels 12 gadacema momzadda p. amiranaSvilis, z. anjafariZis, n. an-dRulaZis, T. muSkudianisa da sxva gamoCenili qarTveli mom-

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Rerlebis Sesaxeb); koncerti-narkvevi `profesor a. TulaSvi-lis klasi~ (1967, 11.12), koncerti-interviuebi: `Sexvedra S. mSveliZesTan~ (1982. 10.08), `petre TomaZe~ (1985, 18.04); amgva-ri formis iyo agreTve kompozitor j. sefiaSvilis saavtoro rubrika `Sexvedrebi mikrofonTan~ (1981-1986 w. yovel paras-kevs, 25 wT, sadac igi nebismieri profesiis adamianebs iwvevda da intervius procesSi Tan mis sayvarel musikalur nawarmoe-bebs asmeninebda).

saqarTvelos radios programaSi mniSvnelovani adgili ekava sxvadasxva musikaluri konkursebisa da festivalebis gaSuqebas, romlebic ZiriTadad klasikur musikas eZRvnebo-da. sakmarisia davasaxeloT àmierkavkasiis musikaluri ga-zafxuli (1958, 11-13.05), àmierkavkasiis musikaluri Semodgo-ma~ (1963, 29-31. 10), `Caikovskis musikis kvireuli~ (1964, 3-9.05), àmierkavkasiis gazafxuli~ (1975, 22. 05-1.06), àmierkavkasiis musikos-SemsrulebelTa konkursi~ (sistematurad) da sxv. sa-erTod, musikaluri cxovreba yovelTvis iyo saqarTvelos ra-dios yuradRebis centrSi da sistematurad aisaxeboda sxva-dasxva formiT. maT Soris yvelaze gavrcelebuli iyo `kon-certi-mimoxilvebi~. 1960-1984 wlebSi met-naklebi periodu-lobiT gadaicemoda radiomimoxilva (ase ewodeboda) `Tbili-sis sakoncerto darbazebsa da TeatrebSi~, romelic mraval musikalur nomersac Seicavda. mimoxilvis formisa iyo radi-oJurnali `Cangic~, romelic 1963-1968 da 1980-1984 wlebSi, zogierTi gamonaklisis garda, sistematurad gadaicemoda eTerSi erTi saaTis moculobiT da ZiriTadad mimoixilavda Tvis musikaluri cxovrebis yvelaze mniSvnelovan movlenebs (Tumca zogierT sxva masalasac Seicavda). 1977-1979 wlebSi `Cangs~ cvlida imave xasiaTis Tvis musikaluri mimoxilvebi: `musikaluri ianvari~, `musikaluri Tebervali~, `musikaluri marti~ da a.S. maTgan ramdenadme gansxvavdeboda koncerti-mi-moxilvebi, romlebic TviTon radiomauwyeblobis musikalur gadacemebs uwevda reklamas, magaliTad, koncerti-mimoxilva `TqvenTvis, estradis moyvarulebo!~ da gansakuTrebiT ki — anonsi-mimoxilvis formis `musikaluri radioafiSa~. igi 1963-1984 wlebSi yovel kviradRes gadaicemoda 15-25 wuTis mocu-lobiT da msmenelebs acnobda saqarTvelos radios Semdegi

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kviris musikalur programas. musikalur propagandas ukavSirdeboda agreTve iseTi

ciklebis momzadeba, rogoricaa: `leninuri premiis laurea-tobis kandidatebi~, `leninur premiaze wardgenili nawarmoe-bebi~, `leninuri premiis laureatebi~, `rusTavelis premiis laureatebi~, `saxelmwifo premiaze wardgenili nawarmoebe-bi~ da a.S. (yvela maTgani ZiriTadad musikaluri nawarmoebis gadacemas warmoadgenda). 1970 wlis seqtember-oqtomberSi farTod gaSuqda z. faliaSvilis dabadebis 100 wlisTavi (sai-ubileo saRamos translacia moewyo 14 oqtombers). aRar ga-vagrZelebT imaze saubars, rom sxvadasxva saiubileo, sazeimo Tu didi politikuri RonisZiebebis dReebSi saTanado kon-certebic mzaddeboda.

musikaluri mauwyeblobis popularul mimarTulebas (gansakuTrebiT — axalgazrdobisaTvis) warmoadgenda saes-trado da msubuqi musikis koncertebi. 1960-1990 wlebSi sa-qarTvelos radios mudmivi rubrikebi iyo: `saestrado kon-certi~, `nacnobi melodiebi~, `msubuqi musika~, `saopereto musika~, `musika kinofilmebidan~ da a.S. zogierTi rubrika TiTqmis yoveldRiurad gadaicemoda. magaliTad, `dilis kon-certi~ mTeli oci wlis manZilze (1969-1989), xuTSabaTisa da kviradRis garda, yoveldRe iyo eTerSi 7 saaTsa da 30 wuTze (30 wT.), xolo 1979-1988 wlebSi 18.10-dan 19.00-mde, paraskevisa da kviris garda, yoveldRe gadaicemoda saestrado koncerti — `melodia, ritmi, ganwyobileba~. 1981-1984 wlebSi kviraSi oTxi dRe ekava rubrikas `melodiidan melodiamde~. yovel-kvireulad iyo rubrikebi: koncerti `SabaT saRamos~ (1962-1967, 21 saaTze, 50 wuTi), `estrada guSin, estrada dRes~ (1971, 1972, 30 wT., kviradReobiT), `musikaluri mozaika~ (1980-1983, jer SabaTs, Semdeg — kviras, 30 wT.) da sxv.

aseve mudmivad iyo 1960-1984 wlebSi saqarTvelos radios programaSi rubrikebi, romlebic xalxur musikas moicavda: `qarTuli xalxuri musika~, `qarTuli xalxuri simRerebi~, `qarTuli sufruli simRerebi~, `qarTuli xalxuri satrfia-lo simRerebi~, `qalaquri hangebi~ da sxv. radioSi qarTuli xalxuri simRerebis propaganda mWidrod ukavSirdeboda res-publikaSi mxatvruli TviTmoqmedebis ganviTarebas (xalxuri

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musikisa da simRerebis didi nawili, romelic eTerSi gadaice-moda, TviTmoqmedi ansamblebis mier iyo Sesrulebuli). radi-omauwyebloba am sferoSi did organizaciul muSaobasac ewe-oda — awyobda sxvadasxva festivalebsa da konkursebs sauke-Teso TviTmoqmedi ansamblebisa da musikos-SemsrulebelTa gamosavlenad (gavixsenoT Tundac zemoT aRniSnuli konkursi `xalxis saunje~, romelic 1963 wlis TebervalSi gaimarTa). 60-iani wlebis pirvel naxevarSi TviTmoqmedeba xazgasmiT aRi-niSneboda specialur rubrikebSic (igi Seesabameboda gavrce-lebul lozungs, rom `xelovneba ekuTvnis xalxs~): `Cveni TviTmoqmedeba~ (1963-1966, yovelkvireulad, 30 wT.), `TviT-moqmedi ansamblebisa da individualur SemsrulebelTa kon-certi~, `mxatvruli TviTmoqmedebis monawileTa koncerti~ (1964, 1965 — orive sxvadasxva dros sxvadasxva periodulo-biT). mogvianebiT xalxuri SemoqmedebisaTvis programaSi mudmivi droc gamoiyo. 1968 wels yovel orSabaT saRamos ga-daicemoda naxevarsaaTiani koncerti `Cemi samSoblos simRe-rebi~, xolo 1977-1984 wlebSi, orSabaTisa da oTxSabaTis ga-moklebiT, diliT 6 saaTsa da 35 wuTze eTerSi iyo rubrika `Cveni mTa-baris hangebi~ (25 wT.).

saqarTvelos radio sistematurad gadascemda agreTve sxva xalxebis Semoqmedebis nimuSebsac. garda imisa, rom prog-ramaSi xSirad iyo afxazuri da osuri simRerebi, agreTve calkeuli gadacemebi sazRvargareTis xalxTa musikaze (maga-liTad, `laTinuri amerikis xalxTa simRerebi~ da `afrikis me-lodiebi~ 1968 wels), 1957-1984 wlebSi mudmivad gadaicemoda rubrikebi: `msoflios xalxTa musika~ da `msoflios xalxTa simRerebi~, xolo sxvadasxva periodSi: `simReriT msoflios garSemo~ (1961-1964) da `musikaluri globusi~ (1968, yovel-kvireuli). calke unda gamoiyos `koncerti azerbaijanisa da somxeTis msmenelTaTvis~ (1960), romelsac garkveuli poli-tikuri datvirTvac hqonda — socialisturi internaciona-lizmis Temas exmaureboda. am ciklis safuZvelze Seiqmna rub-rika `megobrobis koncerti~, romelic 1969-1984 wlebSi yovel kviradRes, 15 saaTze rigrigobiT gadaicemoda Tbilisidan, ba-qodan da erevnidan samive respublikis msmenelebisaTvis 30 wuTis moculobiT (igi, ra Tqma unda, xalxuri simRerebis gar-

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da klasikuri da msubuqi musikis nawarmoebebsac moicavda). dasasruls aRvniSnavT, rom 80-iani wlebis meore naxevar-

Si saqarTvelos radioSi intensiurad mimdinareobda musika-luri fondis kompiuterizaciis samuSaoebi, risTvisac musi-kaluri gadacemebis redaqciaSi specialuri jgufi iyo Seq-mnili. samwuxarod, ukve damuSavebuli didZali masala ganad-gurda 1991 wels samoqalaqo dapirispirebisa da erovnuli gvardiis amboxebuli nawilebis mier radio-televiziis Seno-bis dakavebis periodSi da am samuSaoebis ganaxleba mxolod 15 wlis Semdeg gaxda SesaZlebeli.

saganmanaTleblo mauwyebloba. saganmanaTleblo fun-qcia garkveulwilad publicistur, literaturul da musika-lur programebsac axasiaTebs (Cven es zemoT aRvniSneT ki-dec), rom araferi vTqvaT sabavSvo mauwyeblobaze, sadac igi calke, gamokveTil mimarTulebas qmnis. magram radiomauwyeb-lobis sistemaSi aris gadacemebi, romelTa uSualo daniSnu-leba ganaTlebis, codnis gavrcelebaa (radio Tavisi univer-salobis wyalobiT publicistikasa da xelovnebasTan erTad mecnierebis — codnis popularizaciis arxicaa).

erT-erTi aseTi gadacema iyo `kulturis radiouniversi-teti~ (mogvianebiT — rubrika `kulturis radiouniversite-tis msmenelTaTvis~), romelic sakavSiro radios amave saxel-wodebis rubrikis analogiiT Seiqmna da 1960-1963 wlebSi ga-daicemoda kviraSi 2-3-jer, 1964-1965 wlebSi — 2-jer, 1966-1967 wlebSi ki — yovel kviradRes, 15-20 wuTis moculobiT. Semdeg es rubrika aRar gamoCenila, rac savsebiT logikuri gaxldaT, radgan `kulturis radiouniversiteti~ radios re-liqturi forma iyo da mauwyeblobis intensiuri diferencia-ciis pirobebSi Tavisi funqcia dakarga. igi informaciuli ga-moSvebebis garda mauwyeblobis TiTqmis yvela saxeobas moi-cavda da Tematurad ganusazRvreli iyo: gadacemebi samyaros agebulebaze, atomur energiaze, komunizmis principebze, po-litikur problemebze, medicinis siaxleebze, literaturaze, musikaze, xelovnebis sxva dargebze da a.S. (am principiT SeiZ-leboda mTel radiomauwyeblobasac `kulturis radiouni-versiteti~ darqmeoda). aqedan gamomdinare, mas ramdenime re-daqcia amzadebda (mecnierebisa da teqnikis, sazogadoebriv-

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politikuri, literaturuli, musikaluri da a.S.), rac xSirad rubrikaSic cxaddeboda, mag.: `literaturuli gadacema kul-turis radiouniversitetis msmenelTaTvis~ (1962), `musika-luri radiouniversiteti~ (`rogor movusminoT musikas~ — 1963, 1. 10.) da a.S. 1961 wlis 29 seqtembers gazeTi `laparakobs Tbilisi~ radiomsmenelebs amcnobda: òqtombris pirveli ricxvebidan ganvagrZobT gadacemebs kulturis radiouni-versitetis msmenelTaTvis. literaturul-dramatul gada-cemaTa redaqcias swavlebis meore wels ganzraxuli aqvs mo-amzados gadacemebi Semdegi ciklebis mixedviT: `qarTuli sab-WoTa literatura da xelovneba~, `sabWoTa kavSiris xalxebis literatura da xelovneba~, `me-19 saukunisa da me-20 saukunis qarTuli literatura da xelovneba~, `sazRvargareTis lite-ratura da xelovneba me-19 saukunis bolomde~... leqciebsa da saubrebs moamzadeben literaturaTmcodneobisa da xelovne-baTmcodneobis saukeTeso specialistebi — gadacemebs waiyva-nen Cveni Teatrebis saukeTeso msaxiobebi. gamoviyenebT Cana-werebis fonds, nawyvetebs speqtaklebidan scenis ostatTa monawileobiT~.

amgvar gadacemebs rogorc literaturuli, ise sxva re-daqciebic ùniversitetis~ Semdegac amzadebdnen sakuTari programiT. musikalur saganmanaTleblo gadacemebze Cven uk-ve aRvniSneT, rac Seexeba literaturul redaqcias, misi gada-cemebis didi nawili esTetikurTan erTad saganmanaTleblo funqciasac asrulebda, xolo zogierTi cikli Tu rubrika uSualod am mizniT iyo Seqmnili, magaliTad, profesor ivane gigineiSvilis saavtoro cikli `qarTuli saliteraturo enis siwmindisaTvis~ (1979-1986), ciklebi: ùkeT vaswavloT mozar-debs mSobliuri literatura~ (1986), `ras mogviTxrobs `qar-Tlis cxovreba~ (1974, 8.07), mweral v. WeliZis saavtoro cikli `saqarTvelos istoria — gmirebi da movlenebi~ (1983-1984, TveSi orjer, 20-25 wT.), ùnikaluri qarTuli Zeglebi~ (1961), `ra ganZi gvqonia~ (1980-1984, wliurad 1-2 gadacema) da sxv.

TandaTanobiT saganmanaTleblo mauwyeblobam radioSi aseTi saxe miiRo: TiTqmis yvela redaqciaSi Seiqmna TiTo-oro-la cikli, sadac informaciis SemecnebiTi Rirebuleba utol-deboda mxatvruls Tu publicisturs (publicistur-saganma-

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naTleblo da mxatvrul-saganmanaTleblo gadacemebi, maga-liTad, zemoT ganxiluli `milionTa leninuri universiteti~, `mowinave gamocdilebis skola~, `zneobrioba da qarTuli mwerloba~, `simfoniuri musika da misi sakravebi~, `Seni saxel-mZRvanelos miRma~, axalgazrduli SemecnebiT-gasarTobi programa `SabaT diliT~ da sxv.). amasTan erTad, 1961 wels Ca-moyalibebulma mecnierebisa da teqnikis redaqciam Tavis Tav-ze aiRo wminda samecniero propaganda — saqarTvelos mecnie-rebis siaxleebisa da problemebis gaSuqeba; popularuli codnis gavrceleba pedagogikis, medicinis, ekologiis sa-kiTxebze; radiomsmenelTa SekiTxvebze pasuxis gacema; saswav-lo gadacemebis organizacia da a.S.

orive mimarTulebas axasiaTebda garkveuli publicistu-roba, rac radiomauwyeblobis, rogorc masobrivi informaci-is saSualebis, bunebiT iyo ganpirobebuli. radioJurnali `mecniereba da teqnika~, romelic 30 weli iyo eTerSi (1960-1990, yovelTviuri, 30 wT.), ZiriTadad samecniero publicis-tikas warmoadgenda — ganixilavda saqarTvelos mecnierebis yvelaze aqtualur problemebs, mecnierul miRwevaTa warmoe-baSi danergvis sakiTxebs, eweoda axali, perspeqtiuli mimar-Tulebebis propagandas da a.S. publicisturi elferi dakrav-da erTi SexedviT wminda SemecnebiT gadacemebsac: `siaxleni sabWoTa kavSiris saxalxo meurneobis miRwevaTa gamofenaze~ (1960), `mecnierebisa da teqnikis samyaroSi~ (1961), `mecniereba da teqnika yvelasaTvis~ (1968), `mecnierebisa da teqnikis siax-leni~ (1974, 1975), `mecnierebis samyaroSi~ (1982) da sxv. 10 we-li gadaicemoda eTerSi (1966-1976) yovelTviuri SemecnebiTi radioJurnali `TqvenTvis, cnobismoyvareebo!~ (30 wT.). metad gavrcelebuli forma iyo TviTon mecnierTa gamosvlebi: `mecnieri mikrofonTan~, `mecnierebi mrgval magidasTan~, `Sexvedra mecnierTan~. am mxriv saintereso iyo gadacema `mec-nierebi muSaTa klubSi~, romelic warmoadgenda Tbilisis el-mavalmSenebeli qarxnis muSaTa klubSi gamarTuli saRamos Ca-nawers — saqarTvelos wamyvani mecnierebi pasuxobdnen muSe-bis mier dasmul SekiTxvebs mecnierebis sxvadasxva sakiTxebze (1968, 27. 02).

saerTod, radiomsmenelTa SekiTxvebze pasuxis gacema

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(maT Soris, mecnierebis sakiTxebzec) metad popularuli iyo 60-80-iani wlebis saqarTvelos radiomauwyeblobaSi. 1960-1963 wlebSi, TiTqmis yovel paraskevs, 21 saaTze gadaicemoda `pasuxi radiomsmenelTa SekiTxvebze~ 15 wuTis moculobiT (mecnierebis siaxleebze, soflis meurneobis praqtikul sa-kiTxebze, medicinaze da a.S.). 1971-1973 wlebSi kviraSi samjer, 12 saaTsa da 55 wuTze eTerSi iyo xuTwuTiani rubrika `vupa-suxebT radiomsmenelebs~, 1980-1984 wlebSi ki — rubrika `gve-kiTxebian — vupasuxebT~ (sxvadasxva periodulobiT). drodad-ro gamoCndeboda xolme rubrikebi: `radiomsmenelebs upasu-xeben mecnierebi~ (mag., `ra aris sizmari!~ — mikrofonTan akad. r. naTaZe, 1977, 17. 01) da `mecniereba: pasuxi radiomsmenelTa SekiTxvebze~ (1987).

radios socialur-aRmzrdelobiTi funqciidan gamomdi-nare, saganmanaTleblo mauwyeblobaSi yovelTvis didi yu-radReba eTmoboda pedagogikuri codnis propagandas. 1957-1960 wlebSi drodadro, xolo 1961-1966 wlebSi yovelkvireu-lad iyo eTerSi rubrika `gadacema mSoblebisaTvis~, romelic bavSvTa aRzrdis konkretul sakiTxebs moicavda (agreTve praqtikul rCevebs iZleoda maTi janmrTelobis dacvis Tval-sazrisiTac). aRzrdas, mSoblebisa da Svilebis urTierTobas, sxva ojaxur problemebs eZRvneboda yovelkvireuli cikli `maTTvis, vinc Sin darCa~ (1964). jer meore programiT, 1965 wlidan ki — pirveli programiT eTerSi gamoCnda rubrika `di-debi da patarebi~. es iyo publicistur-saganmanaTleblo ga-dacemebis seria, romelic ZiriTadad sakavSiro radiodan mo-wodebuli masalebis Targmans warmoadgenda (Tumca masSi ad-gilobrivi avtorebic monawileobdnen) da konkretul, cxov-rebiseul magaliTebze dayrdnobiT acnobda radiomsmene-lebs bavSvebTan yoveldRiuri urTierTobis meTodebs, mo-zardebis CamoyalibebasTan dakavSirebul problemebs. rub-rika 20 welze metxans arsebobda da met-naklebi sistematu-robiT yovel kviras gadaicemoda. publicistur-saganmanaT-leblo xasiaTisa iyo agreTve cikli `aRvuzardoT mamulsa Svili~, romelsac sxvadasxva dargis specialistebi (saSualo da umaRlesi skolis pedagogebi, fsiqologebi, sociologebi da sxv.) amzadebdnen (1981-1984).

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aseve, yovelTvis iyo saqarTvelos radioSi gadacemebi janmrTelobis dacvis praqtikul sakiTxebze, rac am sfero-sadmi auditoriis mudmivi interesiT aixsneba. 1957-1984 wlebSi samedicino rCevebiT mikrofonTan sistematurad ga-modiodnen praqtikosi eqimebic da samedicino mecnierebis warmomadgenlebic. garda amisa, 1964 wlidan eTerSi iyo radi-oJurnali `janmrTelobis enciklopedia~ (1968 wlidan — `jan-mrTeloba~), romelic TveSi erTxel gadaicemoda 30 wuTis mo-culobiT. radioJurnali janmrTelobis dacvis TiTqmis yve-la sakiTxs moicavda, agreTve iZleoda mdidar informacias medicinis siaxleebze, axal samedicino dawesebulebebze, ga-nixilavda saqarTveloSi samedicino momsaxurebis proble-mebs da a.S. 1982-1984 wlebSi mzaddeboda kidev erTi samedici-no cikli `janmrTeli rom viyoT~ (15 wT.).

naklebi intensiurobiT, magram drodadro saqarTvelos radioSi ekologiis sakiTxebzec mzaddeboda gadacemebi. 1963 wels ramdenimejer gamoCnda cikli `adamiani da buneba~ (15 wT.), 1964-1970 wlebSi — radioJurnali `bunebis kari~ (30 wT.). 1968 wels TiTo-orola gadacema ciklebiT: `Cveni mTebi da ve-lebi~, `Cveni mwvane megobrebi~, `Cveni mwvane saunje~. 1971-1972 wlebSi gadaicemoda cikli saqarTvelos nakrZalebze da sxv.

dabolos, calke unda gamoiyos saganmanaTleblo mauwyeb-lobis specifikuri mimarTuleba — saswavlo gadacemebi. mar-Talia, 60-80-iani wlebis saqarTvelos radioSi mas iseTi mniS-vneloba aRar eniWeboda, rogorc adrindel periodebSi (Ziri-Tadad saswavlo telemauwyeblobis ganviTarebis gamo), mag-ram am tipis zogierTi gadacema mainc mzaddeboda. aRsaniSna-via isic, rom mas, miuxedavad wminda saswavlo xasiaTisa, pub-licisturi daniSnulebac hqonda — sazogadoebrivi azris formirebis funqciac ekisreboda, magaliTad, skkp 22-e yri-lobaze partiis axali programis miRebasTan dakavSirebiT 1961 wlis 11 dekembridan saqarTvelos radiom SemoiRo axali cikli — `skkp programis leqtoriumi~, romelsac saganmanaT-leblo daniSnulebasTan erTad didi politikur-propagan-distuli mniSvnelobac eniWeboda.

aseTive ormagi funqcia ekisreboda saswavlo cikls `mec-nieruli komunizmis safuZvlebi~ (1964) da 1973-1974 wlebSi

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morig ekonomikur reformasTan dakavSirebiT Seqmnil cikls èkonomikuri codnis safuZvlebi~, romelic kolmeurneebisa da sabWoTa meurneobebis muSebisTvis iyo gankuTvnili (igi cikl èkonomikuri reformis sakiTxebis~ gagrZelebas warmo-adgenda).

principulad gansxvavebulia da wminda saswavlo funqcia aqvs radioSi enis gakveTilebs. Tavisi specifikis gamo radios televiziaze naklebad ar SeuZlia enis swavleba da SemTxvevi-Ti araa, rom TiTqmis yvela cnobili radiosadguri eweva am saqmianobas (bi-bi-si, en-eiC-kei, `frans-internasionali~, àme-rikis xma~ da a.S.), gansakuTrebiT ucxouri auditoriisaTvis. saqarTvelo mravalerovani qveyanaa da saxelmwifo enis gav-rcelebisaTvis xelis Sewyoba radios erT-erT sapatio amoca-nad unda CaiTvalos. miuxedavad amisa, 70-iani wlebis bolom-de am mimarTulebiT araferi gakeTebula. es dagvianeba imiT SeiZleba aixsnas, rom xelisuflebas eSinoda erT-erT saxel-mwifo enis (Tundac formalurad) — qarTuli enis aSkara pro-pagandisa da amitom arc meore saxelmwifo enis — rusuli enis warmoCenisTvis iyo ganwyobili. mxolod 1978 wlidan iqna Se-moRebuli yovelkvireuli 20-wuTiani cikli `rusuli enis SemswavlelTa dasaxmareblad~, Tumca amgvari perioduloba enis SeswavlisaTvis, ra Tqma unda, sakmarisi ar iyo.

radios specifikis gamoyenebis kidev erT magaliTad SeiZ-leba CaiTvalos saqarTvelos radioSi simReris swavlebis organizeba. 1958 wels, magaliTad seqtember-oqtomberSi 4-jer iyo eTerSi 10-wuTiani rubrika `Tbilisze musikis Seswav-la~ (igulisxmeboda rezo laRiZis `simRera Tbilisze~). ufro seriozulad iyo gaazrebuli cikli `qarTuli xalxuri simRe-rebis gakveTili~ (35 wT.), romelic 1984-1987 wlebSi (ardade-gebis gamoklebiT) yovelkvireulad mzaddeboda. Tumca isic unda aRiniSnos, rom aq prioriteti radios ar ekuTvnoda — analogiuri cikli jer saqarTvelos televiziaSi Seiqmna da radioSi Semdeg damkvidrda.

sabavSvo da axalgazrduli mauwyebloba. mauwyeblobis es saxeebi specializebul gadacemebs moicavs, radgan gaTva-liswinebulia radiomsmenelebis gansazRvruli nawilisTvis — sabavSvo da axalgazrduli auditoriisaTvis. Tanac orive

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maTgani, rogorc ityvian, warmoadgens `studias studiaSi~ — mravalfunqciuri da mravalTemiania.

ra Tqma unda, 1958-1984 wlebSi saqarTvelos radioSi sxva specializebuli gadacemebic mzaddeboda, magram mcire rao-denobiT. SeiZleba mxolod davasaxeloT 10-wuTiani `gadacema soflis meurneobis muSakTaTvis~ (Semdeg `soflis dila~, ro-melic yovel samuSao dRes iyo eTerSi) da radioJurnalebi: `Cveni sofeli~ (yovelTviuri, 30 wuTi, 1960-1976 wlebSi), `sab-WoTa armiis meomrebisaTvis~ (yovelkvireuli, 35-45 wuTi, 1960-1989 wlebSi), `radioJurnali qalebisaTvis~ (yovelTviu-ri, 30 wuTi, 1960-1963 wlebSi).

sabavSvo mauwyebloba mravalmxriv aris specifikuri: jer erTi, igi gamoirCeva gamokveTili aRmzrdelobiTi xasia-TiT, didaqtikuri mizanmimarTulebiT; meore, moicavs metad gansxvavebul auditorias — sabavSvo baRidan dawyebuli saSu-alo skolis CaTvliT; da, mesame, Tavis TavSi aerTianebs ma-uwyeblobis samive saxeobas — publicistur, mxatvrul da sa-ganmanaTleblo gadacemebs. maTi sazogadoebrivi daniSnule-ba imdenad TvalsaCinoa, rom sabavSvo mauwyeblobam Tavidanve gamokveTili xasiaTi miiRo, sanam calke redaqciad Camoya-libdeboda. 60-iani wlebis dasawyisidan, rogorc aRvniSneT, igi axalgazrdobis redaqciasTan erTad erT mTavar redaqci-aSi iyo gaerTianebuli, xolo 1973 wels damoukidebeli mTava-ri redaqcia gaxda. 60-80-ian wlebSi aq bevri profesionali Jurnalisti moRvaweobda: gogi nadareiSvili, rodam CaCaniZe, eka miqaberiZe, lamara bokeria, dali RvinianiZe, mixeil kopa-leiSvili, anzor xomeriki, ema bugianaSvili, nunu gabunia (mus. redaqtori), Temur metreveli, lala gordaZe, maia bibi-leiSvili, mzia Cxetiani, julieta lomTaZe, anzor gelaSvili, lili WaniSvili, dodo iaSvili da sxv.

mozardis Camoyalibeba metad rTuli procesia da am pro-cesSi radiomauwyeblobas garkveuli roli ekisreboda. misi saqmianoba ki 60 wlis manZilze ganisazRvreboda komunisturi aRzrdis saerTo principebiT. bavSvis socializaciis ideo-logiur da organizaciul formebs gamokveTili politize-buli xasiaTi hqonda da sam asakobriv jgufs moicavda: oqtom-brelebis (skolamdeli asakis bavSvebi da dawyebiTi klasebis

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moswavleebi), pionerebis (saSualo klasebis moswavleebi) da komkavSirlebisa (ufrosklaselebi). Sesabamisad iyo diferen-cirebuli sabavSvo mauwyeblobac, am jgufebze informaciul-analitikuri da mxatvrul-SemecnebiTi zemoqmedeba.

mozardi Taobis socializaciis procesSi yvelaze aqtiur rols asrulebda publicisturi gadacemebi, romlebic, cxa-dia, asakobrivi specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT mzaddeboda. rubrikiT `yvelaze patarebisaTvis~ 1957-1964 wlebSi, yovel-kvireulad eTerSi iyo gadacema skolamdeli asakis bavSvebisa da umcrosklaselTaTvis, 1965-1984 wlebSi ki mas `radiosad-guri `cicinaTela~ ewodeboda (qronometraJi 20 wT.). igi Se-reuli xasiaTisa iyo da leqsebsa da simRerebTan erTad re-portaJebsa da bavSvebis saubris Canawerebsac Seicavda. 1960 wels mzaddeboda agreTve rubrika `gadacema umcrosklasel-TaTvis~ da 1981-1982 wlebSi — `izarde, mwvane jejilo!~

ufro meti iyo publicisturi gadacemebi pioneruli asa-kis bavSvebisaTvis. 1957-1964 wlebSi kviraSi oTxjer, 1965-1988 wlebSi ki kviraSi samjer gadaicemoda naxevarsaaTiani radiogazeTi `saqarTvelos pioneri~ (aqedan erTi sakvirao gamoSveba iyo, erTi ki rusul enaze mzaddeboda). radiogaze-Ti rubrikebis sistemaze iyo agebuli da norC msmenelebs mo-uTxrobda Tanatolebis swavlasa da klasgareSe saqmianobaze, pionerul cxovrebaze, SemoqmedebiTi wreebis muSaobaze, sportul warmatebebze da a.S., exmaureboda mimdinare poli-tikur movlenebs. gadaicemoda reportaJebi, interviuebi, ko-respondenciebi, TviTon bavSvebis gamosvlebi. magram arcTu iSviaTad am gamosvlebis teqstebs ufrosebi werdnen (es advi-li SesamCnevia radiogazeTebis teqstebis gacnobisas) da Sem-deg bavSvebs mikrofonTan akiTxebdnen, rac maT xelovnuro-bisa da siyalbis elfers aZlevda. igive SeiZleba iTqvas radi-ogazeTis wamyvani norCi diqtorebis Sesaxebac, romlebic xSi-rad bavSvebisaTvis Seuferebeli intonaciiT kiTxulobdnen ufrosebis mier daweril paTetikur teqstebs.

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceoda sabavSvo mauwyeblo-baSi samxedro-patriotul aRzrdas. garda radiogazeTis calkeuli siuJetisa, am Temas eZRvneboda ciklebi: `gmiri bav-Svebi~ (1969), `mogiTxrobT gmir pionerebze~ (1972), `kidevac

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daizrdebian~ (1976, 1977), romlebic bavSvebs STaagonebda so-cialisturi samSoblos siyvaruls (ra Tqma unda, mTeli sab-WoTa kavSiris), misTvis Tavdadebis grZnobas. sxva publicis-turi gadacemebidan aRsaniSnavia sabavSvo ciklebi: `Tqven-Tvis, alisferyelsaxvevianebo!~ (1965), `gesaubrebaT Tqveni maswavlebeli~ (1966-1967), radiokompozicia `miiRe, mamulo, Cveni pataki!~ (pionerTa dResTan dakavSirebiT — 1982, 19.05) da sxv. TiTqmis sami aTeuli wlis manZilze (1957-1985) yovel-kvireulad gadaicemoda respublikuri pioneruli gazeTis 10-wuTiani mimoxilva — `gazeT `norCi leninelis~ furcleb-ze~, romelic bavSvebs acnobda yvelaze saintereso masalebs da a.S.

Tematuri mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeoda ufroskla-selTaTvis gankuTvnili publicisturi gadacemebi — am asakSi xom politikis, zneobis, msoflmxedvelobis, cxovrebiseuli kredos nebismier sakiTxze SeiZleba laparaki. rubrikebiT: `gadacema moswavleTaTvis~ (1957-1971) da `gadacema ufros-klaselTaTvis~ (1968) mikrofonTan gamodiodnen mwerlebi, mecnierebi, respublikis cnobili adamianebi, romlebic say-mawvilo auditorias uxsnidnen maradiuli sulieri da socia-luri Rirebulebebis mniSvnelobas, WeSmariti moqalaqeobri-obis principebs (aRsaniSnavia prof. S. amonaSvilis publicis-tur-saganmanaTleblo xasiaTis gamosvlebi sxvadasxva cxov-rebiseul problemebze 70-80-ian wlebSi). xSirad iyo saubari ekonomikuri cxovrebis, mecnierebis, literaturisa da xe-lovnebis sxvadasxva sakiTxze. gamosaSvebi klasebis moswavle-Ta momaval cxovrebas, maT profesiul orientacias eZRvnebo-da cikli `Tqveni cxovrebis gzajvaredinze~ (1967).

ra Tqma unda, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoboda soci-alisturi cxovrebis wesis, komunisturi idealebis propagan-das. specialuri rubrikiT — `komkavSireli aqtivistebi~ (mog-vianebiT — `laparakoben komkavSireli aqtivistebi~) sistema-turad Suqdeboda skolis komkavSiruli organizaciis cxov-reba (iseve, rogorc partiis centraluri komiteti mTel ra-diomauwyeblobas — sabavSvo da axalgazrdul mauwyeblobas kurirebas uwevda saqarTvelos komkavSiris centraluri ko-miteti). 1974 wels Camoyalibda `komkavSiruli radioklubi~

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(25-30 wT.). saerTod, klubis forma sakmaod popularuli iyo sabavSvo radiomauwyeblobaSi. 1970 wels arsebobda `moswav-leTa radioklubi `fiqrebi xmamaRla~ (Tumca fiqrebi albaT yvelaze naklebad Seesabameba klubis formas, romelic dia-logsa da diskusias gulisxmobs). ufro sistematuri xasiaTi-sa iyo `moswavleTa sadiskusio klubi `mivdivar 21-e saukune-Si~ (1978, 1979) da `sadiskusio radioklubi `Cveni cxovrebis anbani~ (1980, 1981). rogorc saxelwodeba gviCvenebs, klubebSi ganixileboda rogorc Tanamedroveobis aqtualuri sakiTxe-bi, ise momavlis problemebic.

publicisturi aqtualobiT gamoirCeoda agreTve `radio-sadguri `siymawvilis Tanamgzavri~. es iyo naxevarsaaTiani ra-dioprograma, romelic yovelTviurad gadaicemoda 1977-1988 wlebSi da ganixilavda mozardebisaTvis yvelaze saintereso sakiTxebs (SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es iyo erTgvari Sualeduri gadacema sabavSvo `saqarTvelos pionersa~ da axalgazrdul `radiosadgur `siWabukes~ Soris). mozardi Taobis miswrafe-bebi da idealebi mWidrod ukavSirdeboda ufrosebis gamoc-dilebas, oficialurad aRiarebul Rirebulebebsa da war-modgenebs (amis tipuri gamoxatuleba iyo, magaliTad, radio-narkvevebis cikli `komunistebisgan viRebT magaliTs~ — 1976). adamianis moqalaqeobriv daniSnulebas, pasuxismgeblobas qveynisa da xalxis winaSe eZRvneboda cikli `Seni adgili cxovrebaSi~ (1978), winaparTa revoluciuri, sabrZolo da SromiTi tradiciebis gagrZelebas asaxavda rubrika `TaobaTa gadaZaxili~ (1978-1981) da a.S.

calke unda gamoiyos rubrika `yvelas safiqrali da saz-runavi~ (mogvianebiT — `mozardi — yvelas safiqrali da saz-runavi~), romelic sxvadasxva periodulobiT (zogjer yovel-Tviurad, zogjer or TveSi erTxel) gadaicemoda 1982-1984 wlebSi. es iyo mwerlisa da Jurnalistis d. grigolaSvilis sa-avtoro gadacemebis seriali, romelic eZRvneboda metad aq-tualur problemas — mozardTa damnaSaveobas. ra ubiZgebs mozards danaSaulis Cadenisaken? ra unda gaakeTos sazoga-doebam amis Tavidan asacileblad? rogor davicvaT mozardi Taoba damnaSaveTa samyaros gavlenisagan? es da bevri sxva sa-kiTxi dawvrilebiT iyo gaanalizebuli am gadacemaSi. Canda,

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rom avtori kargad icnobda bavSvTa respublikuri Sroma-gas-worebis koloniis cxovrebas da farTod iyenebda Tavis gada-cemebSi dokumentur Canawerebs — mozardebis gulaxdil sau-bars, interviuebs, reportaJul kadrebs. rubrika TiTqmis 10 weli arsebobda da auditoriis aqtiur gamoxmaurebas iwvevda (amas amtkicebs Tundac radiomsmenelTa werilebi, romlebic xSirad gamoiyeneboda gadacemebis momzadebisas).

amasTan erTad, sabavSvo mauwyebloba, ra Tqma unda, izo-lirebuli ver iqneboda qveyanaSi mimdinare procesebisagan da Taviseburad asaxavda maT. yvela politikuri, ekonomikuri Tu socialuri movlenis gaSuqeba gamoiyeneboda sabWoTa cxovrebis wesis, socialistur RirebulebaTa propagandi-saTvis, mozardi Taobis komunisturi aRzrdisaTvis. ufrose-bis xuTwledebisa da Svidwledebis msgavsad bavSvebisTvis ar-sebobda leninuri orwledi (1969) da `pioneruli xuTwledi~ (1983-1985). bavSvebisTvis gasagebi formiT mzaddeboda gada-cemebi sxvadasxva saiubileo TariRebsa Tu politikur mov-lenebze. magaliTad, Svidwledis (romelmac xruSCovis dro-indel voluntarizmis periodSi erTxel tradiciuli xuT-wledi Secvala) amocanebs acnobda bavSvebs gadacemebi — `mog-zauroba SvidwledSi~ da `razmi — Svidwledis Tanamgzavri~ (1959), did samamulo omSi gamarjvebis 25 wlisTavs mieZRvna cikli `gmirul dReTa gamoZaxili~ (1970), xolo 40 wlisTavs — rubrika `diadi gamarjvebis 40 wlisTavisaTvis~ (1984-1985). sabWoTa kavSiris komunisturi partiis 24-e yrilobis damTav-rebis Semdeg moswavleebisTvis specialurad momzadda gada-cemebis cikli — `ufrosklaselebs — partiis XXIV yrilobis Sesaxeb~ (1971). farTod aRiniSna sabWoTa kavSiris Seqmnis 50 wlisTavi. mTeli 1972 wlis ganmavlobaSi eTerSi iyo rubrika `vrcelia Cemi qveyana~, romelic yovelTviurad mouTxrobda bavSvebs ssr kavSiris sxvadasxva respublikis Sesaxeb, sabWoTa kavSiris xalxebis internacionalur megobrobaze da a.S. 70-iani wlebidan dawyebuli mozardebs sistematurad acnobdnen mo-rigi xuTwledis amocanebs, mis mimdinareobasa da Sedegebs. amas emsaxureboda rubrikebi: `moTxrobebi me-9 xuTwledze~ (1972-1973), `dro, xuTwledi, Sen~ (1975), `meaTe xuTwledis me-ridianebi~ (1976), `meridiani — me-11 xuTwledi~ (1981-1985).

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roca me-10 xuTwledi xarisxis xuTwledad gamocxadda, moswavleebisTvisac momzadda ramdenime gadacema cikliT — `xarisxi da efeqtianoba~ (1975), xolo 1977 wels, sabWoTa kav-Siris axali konstituciis miRebasTan dakavSirebiT — cikli `Seni, Cemi, Cveni konstitucia~. aseve, 1982-1983 wlebSi moswav-leTaTvis yovelTviurad mzaddeboda gadacemebi saerTo rubrikiT — `georgievskis traqtatis 200 wlisTavisaTvis~, romelic bavSvebs mouTxrobda rusi da qarTveli xalxebis is-toriul megobrobaze, socialisturi internacionalizmis gamarjvebaze da a.S.

sabavSvo mauwyeblobis didi nawili eWira mxatvrul ma-uwyeblobas — literaturul, dramatul, musikalur gadace-mebs. sabavSvo auditoriis aRzrdas upirvelesad mxatvruli saSualebebiT tradiciulad imdenad didi mniSvneloba eniWe-boda, rom, rogorc wina TavebSi aRiniSna, 50-iani wlebis bo-lomde (sanam sabavSvo da axalgazrduli redaqciebi calke mTavar redaqciad gaerTiandeboda) sabavSvo gadacemebis re-daqcia mxatvruli programebis redaqciis SemadgenlobaSi Se-dioda. saqarTvelos radio, uwinares yovlisa, mwerlobis siy-varuls aswavlida bavSvebs, sistematurad acnobda mozardTa auditorias mSobliuri literaturisa Tu sazRvargareTuli sabavSvo klasikis saukeTeso nimuSebs. sxvadasxva asakobrivi jgufisTvis sxvadasxva forma iyo SerCeuli. patarebisTvis, ra Tqma unda, es iyo zRapari, romelsac mikrofonTan kiTxu-lobdnen saqarTvelos Teatrebis cnobili msaxiobebi (maga-liTad, e. manjgalaZe da m. Caxava). 1957-1960 wlebSi zRaprebi usistemod iyo programaSi gafantuli, magram 1961 wlis maisi-dan rubrikiT — `yvelaze patarebisaTvis~ gamoCnda cikli `qarTuli xalxuri zRaprebi~, romelic kviraSi ramdenimejer gadaicemoda (bavSvebis dasaintereseblad zRaprebis saTau-rebi erTi kviriT adrec ki cxaddeboda gazeTSi dabeWdil programaSi). 1962 wlis 1 noembridan ki Seiqmna rubrika `Zi-lispiruli~, romelic saukunis bolomde, yovel saRamos (kvi-ra-orSabaTis gamoklebiT) gadaicemoda 21 saaTze, 10-15 wu-Tis moculobiT da patarebis did interess iwvevda. igi moi-cavda rogorc qarTul, ise msoflios sxvadasxva xalxebis zRaprebs, agreTve patarebisaTvis Sesafer literaturul na-

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warmoebebs da uTuod did rols asrulebda sabavSvo audito-riis esTetikur aRzrdaSi, misi zneobrivi warmodgenebis Ca-moyalibebaSi.

xalxur Semoqmedebas (ZiriTadad qarTul xalxur poezi-as) eZRvneboda agreTve ufrosklaselebisTvis gankuTvnili cikli `Cveni eris saunje~ (1969). magram saSualo da ufrosi klasis moswavleebisaTvis literaturis propagandis yvelaze gavrcelebuli forma iyo mxatvruli nawarmoebebis kiTxva. garda calkeuli ciklebisa, rogoricaa: `literaturuli ga-dacema moswavleTaTvis~ (1957-1962), `mwerali mikrofonTan~ (1958), `qarTveli mwerlebi — bavSvebs~ (1963), `axali wignebi~ (1987) da sxv., 1957-1984 wlebSi sistematurad iyo eTerSi rub-rika `wignis Taro~ (15-20 wT.). am rubrikiT bavSvebi ecnobod-nen qarTuli da ucxouri literaturis saukeTeso nawarmoe-bebs mxatvruli kiTxvis ostatebis SesrulebiT.

ra Tqma unda, bevri literaturuli nawarmoebi politi-kuri koniunqturis mixedviTac iyo SerCeuli da sabWoTa cxovrebis wesis propagandas emsaxureboda, magram sabavSvo redaqciis sasaxelod unda iTqvas, rom amasTan erTad igi mwerlobis klasikur nimuSebsac acnobda bavSvebs da unergav-da WeSmariti literaturis siyvaruls. ase magaliTad, 1970-1976 wlebSi sistematurad gadaicemoda nawyvetebi m. prileJa-evas wignidan `leninis cxovreba~ da paralelurad n. kecxove-lis moTxrobebis ciklebi: `cxraTvala mzis qveS~ (1967-1976) da `mecxre mTac gadaviare~ (1975, 1980, 1983), romlebic saqar-Tvelos bunebasa da istorias acnobda bavSvebs da mamulis siyvaruls STaagonebda. sxvadasxva wlebSi Zalian gavrcele-buli forma iyo agreTve Tematurad gaerTianebuli litera-turuli nawarmoebebis (ZiriTadad leqsebis) gadacema weli-wadis droebis mixedviT: `gazafxulda, gazafxulda!~, `arda-degebi, ardadegebi!~ (zamTris Tu zafxulis), `gamarjoba, zafxulo!~, `naxvamdis, zafxulo!~, `zamTaria, zamTari!~ da a.S.

sabavSvo mxatvruli mauwyebloba moicavda TviTon bavSve-bis literaturul Semoqmedebasac. eTerSi arcTu iSviaTad ikiTxeboda norC literatorTa leqsebi, Canaxatebi, patara moTxrobebi. 1959-1969 wlebSi bavSvTa Semoqmedebas asaxavda specialuri radioJurnali `nakaduli~ (30 wT. — pirvel or

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wels igi yovelTviurad gadaicemoda, Semdeg ki sxvadasxva pe-riodulobiT). mogvianebiT es funqcia radiogazeTma `saqar-Tvelos pionerma~ da `radiosadgurma `siymawvilis Tanamgzav-rma~ SeiTavses.

gansakuTrebiT popularuli iyo sabavSvo auditoriaSi dramatuli gadacemebi — rogorc Cans, `warmosaxvis Teatris~ esTetikuri SesaZlebloba yvelaze metad Seesabameboda bav-Svebis fantaziis unarsa da warmodgenebis simdidres. amas xels uwyobda isic, rom Teatraluri translaciebis garda, saqarTvelos radioSi didi tradiciebi hqonda sabavSvo radi-oTeatrs. pirveli radiodadgmebi jer kidev 30-ian wlebSi pirdapir gadaicemoda eTerSi, magnituri Caweris damkvidre-bis Semdeg ki sabavSvo redaqciis fondSi aTeulobiT radios-peqtakli dagrovda da perioduli gadacemebis garda xSirad radiodadgmebis festivalebic ewyoboda. wlebis manZilze axarebda patarebis sxvadasxva Taobas radiodadgmebi: `nacar-qeqia~, `tyis komedia~, `xelmarjve ostati~, `babajanas qoSe-bi~, àladinis jadosnuri lampari~, `buratinos Tavgadasava-li~ da a.S. originaluri radiopiesebis naklebobas anazRau-rebda qarTuli da ucxouri sabavSvo nawarmoebebis insceni-rebebi: `mameluki~, `saTaflia~, `sfinqsebis qveyanaSi~, `biZia Tomas qoxi~, `robinzon kruzo~, òliver tvisti~, `tom soie-ris Tavgadasavali~ da mravali sxva. cxadia, dramatuli for-mebi aqtiurad gamoiyeneboda komunisturi aRzrdis mizniTac, gansakuTrebiT mozardi TaobisaTvis `misabaZi gmirebis~ war-mosaCenad. Tu ra idealebs sTavazobdnen bavSvebs, advili warmosadgenia TviTon radiodadgmebis saxelwodebaTa mixed-viTac: èmeliane pugaCovi~, ìliCis Rimili~, `SCorsi~, `frun-ze~, `pavlik morozovi~, `pavle korCagini~, `misi saxeli aris zoia~, ùliana gromova~, `liubov Sevcova~ da a.S. (TiTqos qarTveli bavSvebisTvis naklebad mizanSewonili iqneboda `dimitri Tavdadebuli~, `cxra Zma xerxeuliZe~, `Tevdore mRvdeli~, àrsena oZelaSvili~, `maia wyneTeli~ da sxva mrava-li gmirisa da mamuliSvilis gacnoba).

sabavSvo dramatuli mauwyeblobis Taviseburebad unda CaiTvalos radiodadgmebis mniSvnelovani nawilis saganma-naTleblo xasiaTi. radiodadgmebis forma metad efeqturi

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gamodga bavSvebisaTvis codnis misawodeblad mecnierebisa da teqnikis sxvadasxva sferoSi. magaliTad, rubrika `gvekiTxe-bian — vupasuxebT~, romelic 1957-1987 wlebSi sxvadasxva peri-odulobiT gadaicemoda eTerSi, saganmanaTleblo daniSnu-lebis literaturul gadacemebsa da dadgmebs Seicavda, xo-lo rubrika `mogzauroba codnis samyaroSi~ (1964-1984) mTli-anad radiodadgmebs emyareboda. radiodadgmebis serials warmoadgenda agreTve 1967-1971 wlebis cikli `gamoCenil adamianTa cxovreba~ (darvini, miCurini, sxvadasxva epoqis re-volucionerebi da a.S.). zogjer am Temaze calke radiodadgme-bic mzaddeboda, magaliTad, radiodadgma `kiuri~ (1974, 11. 03).

sabavSvo mxatvruli mauwyeblobis erT-erT ZiriTad mi-marTulebas Seadgenda musikaluri gadacemebi. 1957-1970 wlebSi yovel oTxSabaTs, 1971 wlidan ki — yovel samSabaTs, eTerSi iyo moswavleTaTvis gankuTvnili 25-wuTiani koncer-ti (sxvadasxva wlebSi sxvadasxva saxelwodebiT: `koncerti norC radiomsmenelTa TxovniT~, `Tqveni TxovniT, megobre-bo!~, `koncerti bavSvebis TxovniT~, `koncerti moswavleTa TxovniT~, `koncerti moswavleTaTvis~). masSi farTod iyo warmodgenili TviTon bavSvebis mxatvruli TviTmoqmedebac. sabavSvo ansamblebi Tu calkeuli musikos-Semsruleblebi xSirad gamodiodnen agreTve rubrikiT `koncerti moswavle-TaTvis~, romelic periodulad gadaicemoda 1957-1984 wlebSi. klasikuri da Tanamedrove seriozuli musikis propagandas eTmoboda rubrika `musikis saaTi bavSvebisaTvis~, romelic 1964-1984 wlebSi yovel SabaTs gadaicemoda eTerSi 35-45 wu-Tis moculobiT. igi moicavda koncert-saubrebs, sabavSvo operebsa da sxva musikalur nawarmoebebs saTanado saganma-naTleblo xasiaTis komentarebiT. `musikis saaTis~ zogierTi rubrika zogjer calke ciklis saxiTac gadaicemoda (magali-Tad, `musikaluri radioklubi~ 1969 wels).

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, saganmanaTleblo daniSnuleba nawilobriv sabavSvo publicistur da mxatvrul mauwyeblo-basac axasiaTebs (es sabavSvo mauwyeblobis specifikuri ni-SanTvisebaa didaqtikurobasTan erTad), magram gadacemebis erTi nawili uSualod am funqcias asrulebs. sabavSvo sagan-manaTleblo mauwyeblobis mizania, xeli Seuwyos mozardi Ta-

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obis codniT dainteresebas, miawodos popularuli informa-cia mecnierebis, literaturisa da xelovnebis Sesaxeb, gau-farToos gonebrivi horizonti, gauRvivos damoukidebeli muSaobisaken miswrafeba da a.S. aqedan gamomdinare, saganma-naTleblo Tematika sakmaod mravalferovania — 1957-1984 wlebSi igi or aTeulze met ciklsa da rubrikas moicavda. pirvel rigSi es iyo mecnierebisa da teqnikis saintereso faq-tebi, informacia mecnierul siaxleebze, sxvadasxva profesi-aze. periodulad mzaddeboda gadacemebi: `mogzauroba saoc-rebaTa biblioTekaSi~ (1958), `saocrebaTa samyaroSi~ (1964, 25. 07), `visaubroT profesiaze~ (1964, 15. 05), `Seni saxelmZRvane-los miRma~ (1976, 14. 05), `mSvenierebis samyaroSi~ (1989, 18. 05), ciklebi: `mecnierebis gzajvaredinze~ (1972), `mecnierebaTa laboratoriebSi~ (1976) da sxv.

sistematurad mzaddeboda saganmanaTleblo literatu-ruli gadacemebi. 1970-1984 wlebSi eTerSi iyo rubrika `Seni bavSvobis Tanamgzavri~ (zogjer — `Seni bavSvobis megobari~), romelic mozardebs acnobda sabavSvo mwerlebsa da maT Se-moqmedebas (weliwadSi 2-3 gadacema). literaturas eZRvnebo-da agreTve rubrika `mwerali, romelsac unda icnobdeT~ (1984).

redaqcia iTvaliswinebda bavSvebis gansakuTrebul siyva-ruls geografiisa da istoriisadmi, interess egzotikuri qveynebis, cnobili mogzaurebis, istoriuli gmirebis mimarT. 1957-1971 wlebSi yovelTviurad gadaicemoda mimoxilva `Jur-nal `vokrug svetas~ furclebze~ (bavSvebs ukiTxavdnen qar-Tulad Targmnili Jurnalis yvelaze saintereso masalebs). sxvadasxva dros mzaddeboda ciklebi: `vimogzauroT msofli-os sxvadasxva mxareSi (1961), `sabWoTa samSoblos matiane~ (1977), `moviaroT Cveni mxare~ (1983) da a.S.

xSirad iyo gadacemebi gamoCenil adamianebze: magaliTad, `fritiof nansenis cxovreba~ (1961, 3. 08), `misi saxeli yvelam unda icodes~ (mweralsa da pedagog ianuS korCakze — 1973, 30. 11), `mxedari, romelic win mihqris~ (mweral arkadi gaidarze — 1973, 31. 01). ufrosklaselebisTvis mzaddeboda ciklebi: `re-voluciis momRerlebi~ (1967) da `amagdari pedagogebi~ (1968).

axalgazrduli mauwyebloba. saqarTvelos radioSi axal-

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gazrduli mauwyebloba organizaciul struqturad — calke redaqciad — 1958 wels Camoyalibda sazogadoebriv-politi-kuri gadacemebis mTavar redaqciaSi. redaqciis pirveli xel-mZRvaneli — pasuxismgebeli redaqtori (1962 wlidan mas uf-rosi redaqtori ewoda) iyo karlo gogsaZe. 1960 wels misi ad-gili daikava nodar beTaniSvilma, romelic manamde amave re-daqciis redaqtori iyo. 1962 wels, roca axalgazrdobis re-daqcia sazogadoebriv-politikuri gadacemebis mTavari re-daqciidan gamovida da sabavSvo redaqciasTan erTad damouki-debel mTavar redaqciad gaformda (ewoda axalgazrdobis, sa-bavSvo da sportul gadacemaTa mTavari redaqcia), nodar be-TaniSvili mis pirvel mTavar redaqtorad dainiSna, xolo axalgazrdul gadacemaTa redaqciis ufrosi redaqtori gax-da giorgi maWavariani (igi 1961 wlidan am redaqciis redaqto-ri iyo). 1966 wels igi Secvala medea gegeSiZem, romelic 1962 wlidan muSaobda axalgazrdobis redaqciaSi (medea gegeSiZem TiTqmis ori aTeuli weli imuSava axalgazrdul mauwyebloba-Si da didi Rvawli dasdo mis ganviTarebas. 1974-1977 wlebSi igi iyo televiziisa da radios axalgazrduli gadacemebis ga-erTianebuli mTavari redaqciis mTavari redaqtori, Semdeg ki 1980 wlis bolomde calke gamoyofil radios axalgazrdu-li gadacemebis mTavar redaqcias xelmZRvanelobda. misi ra-dios programebis mTavari direqciis mTavar direqtorad ga-dayvanis Semdeg mTavari redaqtorebi iyvnen: laura kutubiZe, paata nacvliSvili, maia gvritiSvili). 1974 wlidan medea gege-SiZe ufrosi redaqtoris postze Secvala zina diakoniZem, Semdeg ufrosi redaqtorebi iyvnen: ilia kevliSvili, nino JRenti, amiran sinauriZe, mzia baqraZe. sxvadasxva dros am re-daqciaSi bevri profesionali Camoyalibda: anzor juReli, Tamaz gabelia, gulnara arobeliZe, anzor gelaSvili, nato robaqiZe, zaal tabaRua, Tamar oqruaSvili, ilia mxeiZe, qeTe-van maRraZe, qeTevan onikaSvili, nino kvaracxelia da sxv.

Tavidan mauwyeblobis sistema ramdenadme dauxvewavi iyo da pirveli gadacemebi Tu ciklebi gamokveTili mizanmimar-TulebiT ar gamoirCeoda: `axalgazrda (?) komkavSirelis mo-ralis ZiriTadi principebi~ (1960, 21.04), `axalgazrdobis sa-kavSiro radiodRe~ (1960, 26.06), `gadacema axalgazrdobisaT-

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vis~ (1960-1962), `stumrad Cvens studiaSi~ (1960), `samamulo omis eqo~ (1965) da a.S. garda amisa, 1967 wlamde axalgazrdo-bis redaqcia amzadebda reportaJebs sxvadasxva sportuli Sejibrebidan, 1958 wlidan yovelkvireul naxevarsaaTian sportul radioJurnals `yuradReba, startze!~ (romelsac 1961 wlidan radioJurnali `fizkultura da sporti~ ewoda) da, aseve, 1958 wlidan naxevarsaaTian yovelkvireul radio-Jurnals `sabWoTa armiis meomrebisaTvis~ rusul enaze (1967 wlidan orive maTgani calke redaqciebad Camoyalibda).

TandaTan gamoikveTa, rom axalgazrduli mauwyebloba — es aris mauwyebloba axalgazrduli auditoriisaTvis, axal-gazrdobis cxovrebisa da problemebis asaxva da misi mTavari amocanaa axalgazrdobis komunisturi aRzrda. amisda mixed-viT Camoyalibda Sesabamisi ciklebi da rubrikebi, gamoiyo sa-mauwyeblo dReebi da saaTebi: samSabaTi, oTxSabaTi (mogviane-biT xuTSabaTi) da SabaTi. samSabaTobiT 1958 wlidan eTerSi iyo 30-40-wuTiani `radioJurnali axalgazrdobisaTvis~ (1962 wlidan mas radiogazeTi ewoda, rogorc Cans, operatiulobi-sa da aqtualobis xazgasmisaTvis), 1977 wlidan ki mis bazaze Seiqmna `radiosadguri `siWabuke~ (savaraudoa, sakavSiro ra-dios `radiostancia `iunostis~ mibaZviT), 45 wuTis moculo-biT. oTxSabaTobiT, 1958-1959 wlebSi 15 wuTi ekava rubrikas `maT saxelebs unda icnobdeT~, romelsac 1961-1975 wlebSi `mogiTxrobT Tqvens Tanatolebze~ ewoda (zogjer mas sxva ciklic enacvleboda, magaliTad, `Cveni saxelovani Taoba~ (1971), `gaicaniT!~ (1978) da sxv. gadacemebis umravlesobas axalgazrdobaze dawerili narkvevebi Seadgenda. 1972 wels am rubrikas erTxans `radiosadguri `horizontic~ erqva. Saba-TobiT 1960-1982 wlebSi 15-30 wuTi gamoyofili hqonda rub-rikas — `gadacema axalgazrdobisaTvis~, romelic aTamde sxvadasxva cikls aerTianebda. 1983 wels oTxSabaTis gadacema gauqmda da misi adgili daikava rubrikam `axalgazrduli stu-dia~, romelic xuTSabaTobiT gadaicemoda. 1984 wels mas daema-ta kidev erTi rubrika — `studenturi orbita~, romelic ga-daicemoda paraskeobiT, dilis saaTebSi, 30 wuTis moculobiT.

ZiriTadi sqema aseTi iyo: axalgazrduli programa `radi-osadguri `siWabuke~ operatiulad exmaureboda axalgazrdo-

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bis cxovrebis sxvadasxva problemas, mimdinare politikur movlenebs, mikrofons uTmobda axalgazrda specialistebs Tu komkavSirel aqtivistebs, moicavda publicistur gamos-vlebs, reportaJebs, interviuebs da a.S. mas diqtorebTan er-Tad xSirad Jurnalistebic uZRvebodnen; `mogiTxrobT Tqvens Tanatolebze~ auditorias acnobda axalgazrda Tao-bis saukeTeso warmomadgenlebs. aq wamyvani Janrebi iyo nar-kvevi da Canaxati, zogjer — interviu an korespondencia; `studenturi orbita~ specializebuli programa iyo da, cxa-dia, studentur cxovrebas asaxavda; rubrikebi: `axalgazrdu-li studia~ da `gadacema axalgazrdobisaTvis~, Tavis mxriv, mraval sxva ciklsa da rubrikas Seicavda (maT Cven qvemoT gan-vixilavT). Tumca cxovrebis dinamikis gamo am rubrikebs sxva-dasxva dros xSirad emateboda operatiuli gadacemebi da ciklebi.

rogorc am Tavis dasawyisSi aRvniSneT, axalgazrduli ma-uwyebloba (sabavSvos msgavsad) publicisturTan erTad moi-cavs mxatvrul da saganmanaTleblo gadacemebsac. magram ma-Ti wili Zalian mcirea, radgan axalgazrdul auditorias am tipis nebismier gadacemaze miuwvdeba xeli (specialurad mis-Tvis momzadeba saWiro araa). ase rom, socialur-aRmzrdelo-biT funqcias aq ZiriTadad publicistika asrulebs. radgan axalgazrda pirovnebis aRzrda upirvelesad mis moqalaqed Camoyalibebas gulisxmobs, axalgazrdobis redaqcia yovel-Tvis gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevda axalgazrda TaobaSi im Tvisebebis formirebas, rac sabWoTa moqalaqisaTvis unda yofiliyo damaxasiaTebeli: marqsistul-leninuri msof-lmxedveloba da komunisturi Segnebuloba, sabWoTa samSob-los siyvaruli — patriotizmi da internacionalizmi, koleq-tivizmi, sazogadoebrivi aqtiuroba da a.S. amave dros, ro-gorc mravaljer aRvniSneT, oficialur propagandasTan er-Tad, saqarTvelos radiomauwyeblobis specifikuri niSan-Tviseba iyo mZlavri erovnul-patriotuli nakadis arseboba, qarTuli kulturis, qarTuli cnobierebis dacva-ganviTare-bisaTvis zrunva. amis dasturad bevri axalgazrduli progra-mac gamodgeboda, pirvel rigSi ki radiomsmenelebisaTvis kargad cnobili cikli — `sasiqadulo mamuliSvilebi~.

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sainteresoa TviTon ciklis warmoSobis istoriac: 1968 wels sazeimod unda aRniSnuliyo Tbilisis saxelmwifo uni-versitetis daarsebis 50 wlisTavi. am TariRisaTvis mzadeba axalgazrdobis redaqciam adridanve daiwyo da 1966 wlis 9 dekembers eTerSi gavida cikli `sasiqadulo mamuliSvilebi~ (30 wT.), romelic universitetis damaarseblebsa da sxva TvalsaCino mecnierebs eZRvneboda. msgavsi cikli — `Cveni mecnierebisa da kulturis gamoCenili moRvaweebi~ — adrec (1963-1968) arsebobda saqarTvelos radioSi, magram axali ga-dacema misgan principulad gansxvavdeboda Tavisi mizanmimar-TulebiT. misTvis mTavari iyo pirovnebis ara imdenad mecnie-ruli Tu politikuri damsaxureba, ramdenadac mamulisadmi samsaxuri, patriotizmi, samSoblosaTvis Tavdadeba, rac ma-galiTad unda gamosdgomoda momaval Taobebs. amitom iyo SerCeuli swored Tbilisis universitetis — qarTuli kul-turisa da erovnuli TviTSegnebis yvelaze mZlavri centris iubile, amitom gaixsna cikli ivane javaxiSvilisadmi miZRvni-li gadacemiT. mas Semdeg mohyva iseTi saxelebi, rogoricaa: a. razmaZe, g. axvlediani, a. SaniZe, S. nucubiZe, v. kotetiSvili, l. andronikaSvili, a. javaxiSvili, a. janeliZe da mravali sxva. bevri maTgani maSin jer kidev cocxali iyo da redaqciis didi damsaxurebaa, rom maTi xmebi samudamod SemorCa saqar-Tvelos radios audiofonds da qarTuli kulturisa da mec-nierebis istoriis kuTvnilebad iqca. isic savsebiT bunebrivi iyo, rom universitetis saiubileo dReebis damTavrebis Sem-deg cikli ar Semwydara da arseboba ganagrZo (kidev 10 weli, 1978 wlis bolomde iyo eTerSi). igi arc mxolod universite-tis mecnierebiT Semofarglula da sxva bevri qarTuli mamu-liSvilic gaacno radiomsmenelebs. isic unda aRiniSnos, rom narkvevebis personaJTa galerea metismetad mravalferovani aRmoCnda (amas Tavad rubrikis saxelwodebac ganapirobebda). magaliTad, 1980 wels moewyo gadacemebi mefe ereklezec (22.03), saqarTvelos komkavSiris damaarsebel boris ZnelaZe-zec (17.05) da general konstantine leseliZezec (15.10).

mamulisadmi samsaxuris, qveynis winaSe pasuxismgeblobis ideas uwevda propagandas axalgazrduli cikli `samSoblo gana marto lamazi mTebia?~, romelic 1970-1984 wlebSi sxva-

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dasxva periodulobiT gadaicemoda (15 wT.). mikrofonTan ga-modiodnen mwerlebi, mecnierebi, politikis, ekonomikis, kul-turis, xelovnebis TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebi, romlebic axalgazrdebs esaubrebodnen, Tu ras moicavs samSoblos cne-ba, ras niSnavs samSoblos siyvaruli da riT gamoixateba igi. rogor unda icxovros namdvilma patriotma da a.S. samarTli-anoba moiTxovs aRiniSnos, rom es iyo ara `Wkuis darigeba~, aramed gulwrfeli saubari auditoriasTan, xmamaRla fiqre-bi cxovrebis azrisa da adamianis valdebulebaze (amas gvar-wmunebs rogorc fondSi daculi gamosvlaTa Canawerebi, ise calkeul gadacemaTa teqstebi).

drodadro axalgazrdobis zneobriv aRzrdaze calkeuli gadacemebic gamoCndeboda xolme (magaliTad, akad. n. kecxo-velis gamosvla `fiqrebi Cvens axalgazrdobaze~ — 1974, 15.01), magram ZiriTadad axalgazrduli mauwyebloba ciklebisa da rubrikebis sistemaze iyo agebuli da es Temac seriozulad muSavdeboda. samSoblos siyvarulis konkretul gamoxatule-bas, zneobriv pasuxismgeblobas sakuTari soflis, qalaqis, raionis winaSe, axalgazrdobis cxovrebas regionebSi eZRvne-boda ciklebi: `sadac vSobilvar, gavzrdilvar~ (1974-1975) (mas garkveulwilad ukavSirdeboda agreTve meore ciklic — `axalgazrdoba soflis siamayea!~ — 1975, 1978) da `gvesmas mSoblisa~ (1976, 1977). orive cikli TiTqos soflidan axal-gazrdobis intensiuri migraciis winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli, magram sakmaod zedapirulad. ZiriTadi mizezi — soflad axalgazrdobis dausaqmebloba da kolmeurneobaSi savalde-bulo Sroma dabali anazRaurebis pirobebSi — praqtikulad gadauwyveteli iyo da marto patriotuli mowodebebi vera-fers Secvlida.

aseve mowodebis doneze rCeboda gadacemebi, romlebic sabWoTa cxovrebis wesis propagandas, axalgazrdobis komu-nistur principebze aRzrdas eTmoboda (magaliTad, gadacema `Cveni cxovrebis wesi~ — 1977, 16. 03, cikli `rogor ibadeba gmiroba~ — 1977-1979, radioalmanaxi `erTguleba~ — 1972-1974 da sxv.). 1973 wlidan, roca respublikaSi aqtiuri brZola ga-CaRda `socialisturi kanonierebis aRdgenisaTvis~, gansa-kuTrebuli yuradReba mieqca axalgazrdobis damnaSaveobis

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problemasac — aSkarad daiwyo saubari iseT Temebze, romle-bic adre naklebad figurirebda radiomauwyeblobaSi (bandi-tizmi, narkomania, prostitucia da a.S.). Seiqmna axali cikle-bi: `axalgazrdoba da kanoni~ (1973-1975), romelic samarTleb-riv propagandasTan erTad axalgazrdobis damnaSaveobis problemebsac ganixilavda da `sad davuSviT Secdoma?~ (rome-lic am sferoSi skolis, komkavSiris, sxva sazogadoebrivi or-ganizaciebis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxs ayenebda — 1979-1982).

axalgazrduli mauwyeblobis meore ZiriTadi mimarTule-ba iyo axalgazrdobis profesiuli orientacia da Sromisadmi komunisturi damokidebulebis aRzrda. profesiuli orien-taciis sakiTxi, rogorc wesi, sezonurad wamoiWreboda xol-me. zafxulis TveebSi axalskoladamTavrebulTaTvis tradi-ciulad gamoCndeboda cikli `didi gzis dasawyisi~. ufro sis-tematuri xasiaTi hqonda rubrikas `roca axalgazrda gzas irCevs~, romelic 1970-1984 wlebSi sxvadasxva periodulobiT gadaicemoda eTerSi. axalgazrdis swor gzaze dayeneba, misi profesionalad Camoyalibeba nebismieri sazogadoebis saz-runavia, magram sabWoTa propaganda am sferoSi metad cal-mxrivi da xelovnuri iyo. mTeli muSaoba warimarTeboda muSu-ri profesiebis warmosaCenad — axalgazrdebs totalurad mo-uwodebdnen profteqnikur saswavleblebSi Sesasvlelad. arc erTi gadacema ar exeboda eqimis, iuristis, ekonomistis, in-Jinris, agronomis da a.S. profesias (rogorc Cans, iTvleboda, rom amas propaganda ar sWirdeboda). amgvar propagandas arc SeiZleboda raime efeqti hqonoda (yovel SemTxvevaSi Cvens respublikaSi mainc), radgan igi axalgazrdobis interesebsa da moTxovnilebebs ar Seesabameboda.

aseve, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoboda axalgazrda muSebis cxovrebas, maTi saqmisadmi Tavdadebis Cvenebas, komu-nisturi damkvrelebisa da komunisturi Sromis brigadebis saqmianobas: `Cemi qarxana — Cemi siamayea~ (1971), `Cemi sawarmo — Cemi ojaxi~ (1974), `komkavSiruli orwledi moqmedebs~ (1975), `Cemi xuTwledi~ (1976) da a.S. iqmneboda narkvevebis seriebi mowinave muSebze, `muSaTa dinastiebze~, muSuri cxovrebis romantikaze da a.S. yovel zafxuls axalgazrduli mauwyeb-lobis didi nawili eTmoboda studenturi SromiTi razmebis

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saqmianobas. eTerSi sistematurad iyo ciklebi: `studenturi zafxulis misamarTebi~ (1974, 1975, 1979), `mesame SromiTi se-mestri~ (1975-1981), `mesame SromiTi semestris misamarTebi~ (1982-1984). studenturi zafxulis Tema arc amiT amoiwurebo-da — rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, SromiTi razmebis monawile-TaTvis yoveldRiurad gadaicemoda musikaluri da litera-turuli programebi, speqtaklebi da sxv.

SedarebiT naklebi, magram garkveuli adgili eWira saqar-Tvelos radios axalgazrdul mauwyeblobaSi qal-vaJis urTi-erTobis, siyvarulis, ojaxis Temas. qaliSvilebisa da Wabuke-bis momzadebas momavali ojaxis Sesaqmnelad, pirovnuli pa-suxismgeblobis gamomuSavebas meuRleTa damokidebulebaSi, axalgazrda mSoblebis movaleobas da a.S. eZRvneboda cikle-bi: àxalgazrda ojaxis klubi~ (àdgilis deda~) (1980-1981), òjaxi da siyvaruli~ (1983-1985). mikrofonTan gamodiodnen sociologebi, fsiqologebi, pedagogebi, eqimebi, TviTon axalgazrda ojaxebis warmomadgenlebi, romlebic saubrob-dnen ojaxuri urTierTobis sxvadasxva problemaze, ojaxuri cxovrebis organizaciul, finansur Tu zneobriv sakiTxebze. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceoda Svilebis aRzrdis prob-lemas (cikli `samSoblo — kargi Svilia~ — 1980), mravalSvili-ani ojaxebis propagandas (ciklebi: `Cveni imedi da momavali~ — 1980-1984 da `mravali Svili eris Zlierebaa~ — 1984) da sxv.

ra Tqma unda, yovelive amasTan erTad, axalgazrdobis re-daqcia politikur koniunqturasac uwevda angariSs da far-Tod uTmobda eTers komkavSiruli cxovrebis gaSuqebas, ko-munisturi idealebisadmi sabWoTa axalgazrdobis erTgule-bis Cvenebas. yovelwliurad didi paTosiT aRiniSneboda sab-WoTa axalgazrdobis dRe (26 ivnisi) da komkavSiris dabadebis dRe (29 oqtomberi). 1971-1984 wlebSi yoveli leninuri Saba-Tobisas (aprilis TveSi, leninis dabadebis dResTan dakavSi-rebiT) ewyoboda reportaJebi sxvadasxva obieqtebidan da iq-mneboda `leninuri SabaTobis matiane~, romelic fondSi ina-xeboda `momavali TaobebisaTvis~, imarTeboda axalgazrduli programebis radiofestivalebi, mzaddeboda radioleqtori-umebi (magaliTad, cikli `Cveni radioleqtoriumi — leninuri gakveTilebi axalgazrdobas~ — 1969). gansakuTrebuli zar-zei-

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miT aRiniSneboda komkavSiris saiubileo TariRebi, iqmneboda specialuri ciklebi da rubrikebi: `komkavSiris saxelovani matiane~ da `komkavSiris gmiruli matianis furclebi~ (1967). `qronikebi komkavSiris istoriidan~ (1968), `ase daiwyo~ (1978). saqarTvelos komkavSiris 50 wlisTavs mieZRvna cikli `saxe-lovani gza~ (1971), xolo 60 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT 1980 wlis 22 maiss 12 saaTze gaimarTa `radiomitingi~ (30-iani wle-bis forma), romelic 50 wuTs gagrZelda eTerSi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionebis monawileobiT. aseve, specialuri cik-lebi mzaddeboda sakavSiro alkk Tu saqarTvelos komkavSi-ris yrilobebis Sesaxvedrad da mimdinareobis gasaSuqeblad (magaliTad, `vupatakebT yrilobas~, `yrilobis dRiuri~, `la-parakoben yrilobis delegatebi~ — 1974, `saqarTvelos kom-kavSiris 32-e yrilobis Sesaxvedrad~ — 1982 da a.S.).

axalgazrduli mauwyebloba yovelTvis gamoirCeoda sxve-bisagan auditoriasTan kontaqtis aqtiuri formebis gamoye-nebiT. yuradRebis gareSe ar rCeboda radiomsmenelis arc er-Ti saintereso werili, arc erTi gamoxmaureba. xSirad werili gadacemis Temis, publicisturi ideis safuZveli xdeboda. ase Camoyalibda rubrikebi: `redaqciaSi werili movida~ (1976, 1981, 1982, 1984), `roca redaqciaSi werili modis~ (1977-1979), `misamarTi gvikarnaxa Tqvenma werilebma~ (1979-1980), romle-bic radiomsmenelTa fostas emyareboda da Jurnalisturi ga-moZiebis Tu gamokvlevis forma hqonda. am gadacemebSi wamoW-rili problemebi zogjer iseT sazogadoebriv rezonanss iRebda, rom axali ciklebisa da rubrikebis warmoSobasac ga-napirobebda. magaliTad, radiomsmenelebis intensiuri mona-wileobiT Seiqmna cikli `saubars ganagrZobs radiomsmeneli~ (1978-1981) da `ase fiqroben radiomsmenelebi~ (1982).

radiomsmenelTa werilebi aqtiurad gamoiyeneboda axal-gazrduli mxatvruli programebis mosamzadebladac. amis sa-ukeTeso magaliTia Jurnalist i. kevliSvilis saavtoro gada-cema `saRamo mSvidobisa~ — musikaluri programa axalgaz-rdobisaTvis. igi 18 wlis manZilze (1972-1989) yovel SabaTs gadaicemoda eTerSi 22 saaTze, naxevari saaTis moculobiT da, miuxedavad imisa, rom yvelaze popularul satelevizio sainformacio programa `vremias~ emTxveoda, mainc moipova

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Tavisi mudmivi auditoria (rasac radiomsmenelTa mdidari fostac adasturebda — saqarTvelos radioSi arc erT prog-ramas ar mosdioda amdeni werili). gadacema, erTi SexedviT, martivi formisa iyo — erTmaneTs enacvleboda musikaluri nomrebi da radiomsmenelTa werilebi. magram es iyo ara kon-certi dakveTiT, romelsac tradiciulad amzadebda musika-luri redaqcia radiomsmenelTa werilebis mixedviT, aramed musikasTan erTad wamyvanis gulaxdili saubari werilebis av-torebTan, maTi azrebisa da Sexedulebebis warmoCena, zogjer koreqtuli polemikac da a.S. aseTive efeqti hqonda i. kevliS-vilis meore programas `studenturi diskoTeka~, romelic 1982 wlidan yovel kviradRes, aseve 22 saaTze gadaicemoda na-xevari saaTis moculobiT da imave formisa iyo, rogorc `sa-Ramo mSvidobisa~ (wamyvani, radiomsmenelTa werilebi, musika-luri nomrebi).

faqtobrivad, am gadacemebSi Jurnalistma pirvelad Sei-Tavsa dijeis funqciebi, rac saqarTvelos radioSi gamokve-Tilad mxolod 90-iani wlebis meore naxevridan damkvidrda da, rogorc Cans, axalgazrduli auditoria swored aseT programebs eloda. dasamali araa, rom, miuxedavad profesiu-li xarisxisa, imdroindeli mauwyebloba naklebad iTvaliswi-nebda araoficialuri axalgazrduli subkulturis ganviTa-rebis tendenciebs da mas miznobrivi auditoriis Zalian mci-re nawili Tu usmenda. axalgazrda msmenels ainteresebda mo-duri musika, surda pirdapiri da Tavisufali kontaqti stu-diaSi myof komunikatorTan, rac im periodSi `rekomendebuli ar iyo~. zemoT aRniSnuli gadacemebi ki, miuxedavad imisa, rom Canawerebis saxiT gadioda eTerSi, nawilobriv mainc akmayo-filebda am moTxovnilebebs.

axalgazrdul mauwyeblobaSi auditoriasTan kontaqtis gavrcelebuli forma iyo agreTve sxvadasxva Sexvedrebis or-ganizacia, romelic aseve xels uwyobda radiomsmenelebis ko-munikaciur aqtivizacias. es forma intensiurad gamoiyenebo-da mxatvruli programebis momzadebisaTvis. 1975 wels ramde-nimejer gamoCnda cikli `Sexvedrebi axalgazrdul talRaze~. 1976 wels ki Seiqmna rubrika `Sexvedrebi Tqveni TxovniT~. ro-gorc gazeTi `laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi~ iuwyeboda,

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`saqarTvelos radios axalgazrduli gadacemebis redaqciaSi werili movida. Tbilisis eleqtrovagonSemkeTebeli qarxnis brigadis xelmZRvaneli n. mRebriSvili Tavisi brigadis saxe-liT redaqcias sTxovda moewyo Sexvedra g. tabiZis premiis laureat m. focxiSvilTan... redaqciam mowinave brigadis me-Tauris baraTi m. focxiSvils gaacno. poeti siamovnebiT dae-Tanxma. 15 dekembers, 21 saaTsa da 15 wuTze gTavazobT gadace-mas `Sexvedrebi Tqveni TxovniT~.1

rogorc vxedavT, redaqciam am faqts garkveuli politi-kuri mniSvneloba mianiWa — axalgazrda muSebi poets Seaxved-ra, aCvena, rom xelovnebis siyvaruli arc muSaTa klasis war-momadgenlebisTvis aris ucxo (gazeTis reklamac amisTvis iyo saWiro). arc isaa gamoricxuli, rom TviTon werilis organi-zaciac redaqciaSi moxda. magram amgvari Sexvedrebis forma imdenad efeqturi aRmoCnda, rom gadacema rubrikad iqca da 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi gadaicemoda eTerSi. es iyo mxatvrul-publicisturi programa, sadac literaturis, musikaluri da Teatraluri xelovnebis warmomadgenlebi ara marto Tavis xelovnebas acnobdnen axalgazrdul auditorias, aramed esa-ubrebodnen kidec maTTvis saintereso sakiTxebze, pasuxob-dnen SekiTxvebs da a.S. daaxloebiT am formisa iyo agreTve cikli `Sexvedrebi axalgazrda SemoqmedebTan~, romelic 1981-1984 wlebSi gadaicemoda `axalgazrduli studiis~ rubrikiT.

dasasruls aRvniSnavT, rom saqarTvelos radios 1957-1984 wlebis mauwyeblobis ganxilva sruli ar iqneba, Tu mok-led mainc ar iTqva am periodSi radioJanrebisa da formebis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb.

pirvel rigSi SesamCnevia, rom radios erT-erT ZiriTad Janrad kvlav rCeba mikrofonTan gamosvla (1960-1963 wlebSi yovelkvireuli rubrikac ki arsebobda — `dRes Cvens mikro-fonTan~, romelic respublikis cnobil adamianebs eTmoboda). saqarTvelos radio `saxalxo tribunad~ Tvlida Tavs da es mravali rubrikis saxelwodebaSic aRiniSneboda, magaliTad: `racionalizatorTa da gamomgonebelTa tribuna~ (1960-1961), `mowinave gamocdilebis tribuna~ (1963-1975), `novatoris tri-

1 gaz. `laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi~, 1976, 10.XII, # 50.

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buna~ (1968-1976), `partiuli muSakis tribuna~ (1962-1974), `wina-sayrilobo tribuna~ (1985), `partiuli konferenciis tribuna~ (1988) da `kompozitorTa tribunac~ ki (1961 wels 7 gadacema).

Tavisi translaciuri bunebisa da, aqedan gamomdinare, im-provizaciulobis gamo radio metad organuli garemo aRmoC-nda zepiri dialoguri JanrebisaTvis — interviusa da saubri-saTvis. interviu mtkiced damkvidrda yvela radiogazeTsa da JurnalSi, Tumca damoukidebeli saxiT farTo gavrceleba ver pova. calke gadacemebad ufro gamoikveTa saubris Janri — dialogi, rogorc or pirovnebas Soris, ise mrgvali magidis garSemo.

sagazeTo gamocdilebasTan erTad radios translaciuri praqtika daedo safuZvlad erT-erTi aqtualuri publicis-turi Janris — radioreportaJis damkvidrebas, reportaJuli Jurnalistikis intensiur ganviTarebas. amasTan, isic unda aRiniSnos, rom sxvadasxva programebsa Tu kombinirebul ga-dacemebSi ZiriTadad e.w. montaJuri, anu winaswar Cawerili da damontaJebuli reportaJebi gamoiyeneboda, pirdapiri re-portaJebi sazogadoebriv-politikur movlenebze TiTqmis ar ewyoboda (misi ganviTareba ukavSirdeba 80-iani wlebidan `pi-kis saaTisa~ da `dilis talRis~ warmoSobas, romlebmac saTa-ve daudes informaciul programebSi pirdapiri CarTvebis praqtikas). samagierod klasikur formad Camoyalibda pirda-piri sportuli reportaJi, gansakuTrebiT fexburTis matCe-bisa, romlebsac popularuli sportuli komentatorebi ero-si manjgalaZe da kote maxaraZe uZRvebodnen. saojaxo repro-duqtorebic rom ar CavTvaloT, erosi manjgalaZis pirdapiri radioreportaJebi uamrav xalxs uyrida Tavs qalaqis quCebsa da parkebSi ganlagebul xmamaRlamolaparakeebTan. misi oma-xiani xma, temperamentuli Txroba, emociebis foierverki TiTqmis xelovnebis nawarmoebad aqcevda yovel reportaJs. samwuxarod, 1975 wlis oqtombris Semdeg, roca 50 wlis Ses-rulda, erosi manjgalaZem Tavi daaneba radiokomentatoro-bas da mTeli darCenili cxovreba mxolod Teatralur moRva-weobas miuZRvna.

metad sayuradReboa saqarTvelos radioSi (da, rogorc Cans, saerTod, sabWoTa radiomauwyeblobaSi) sapirvelmaiso

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da saSvidnoembro demonstraciebis reportaJebis praqtika. saqme isaa, rom am reportaJebis teqstebi, Janris kanonebis sa-winaaRmdegod, windawin iwereboda, guldasmiT mowmdeboda da Semdeg pirdapir eTerSi ikiTxeboda demonstraciis mimdina-reobis dros. daswrebisa da pirdapiri mauwyeblobis efeqts qmnida sazeimo kolonebisa da damswre xalxis xmauri, taSi, Se-Zaxilebi, musika da sxv. teqstebs, rogorc wesi, sazeimo xmiT kiTxulobdnen radios wamyvani diqtorebi, masSi asaxuli iyo demonstraciaSi monawile ama Tu im raionis warmatebebi geg-mebis SesrulebaSi, CarTuli iyo aseve winaswar momzadebuli dokumenturi Canawerebi (mowinave mSromelebis, inteligenci-is warmomadgenelTa gamosvlebi da interviuebi), agreTve leqsebi samSobloze, partiaze, mSvidobaze da a.S. amrigad, wi-naswar dadgmuli `dokumenturi speqtakli~ pirdapir radio-reportaJad da sinamdvilis uSualo asaxvad saRdeboda.

xmis Cawerisa da montaJis danergvam, drois transforma-ciis SesaZleblobam ganapiroba radiomauwyeblobaSi sinTe-zuri xasiaTis Janrebisa da formebis, kerZod, radiokores-pondenciis, radionarkvevisa da radiokompoziciis warmoSoba da ganviTareba. korespondencia da narkvevi Tavidanve gadai-cemoda radioeTerSi, magram mxolod teqstualuri saxiT. ra-diospecifikis erTaderT gamovlinebad SeiZleboda mxolod is CagveTvala, rom xdeboda maTi personifikacia — mikrofon-Tan am teqstebs Tavad avtorebi kiTxulobdnen. es forma 60-80-ian wlebSi sakmaod gavrcelebuli iyo saqarTvelos radio-Si `korespondentis naambobisa~ da `Jurnalistis naambobis~ saxiT (rubrikiT `mwerali da cxovreba~ mikrofonTan Tavis narkvevebs kiTxulobdnen agreTve mwerlebic). magram aseT narkvevebs sul ufro xSirad cvlida radionarkvevi, romelic iyenebda radios yvela gamosaxviT saSualebas da, avtoris teqstis garda, Seicavda personaJebis saubaris Canawerebs, si-cils, xmaurs, musikas, simReras, sayofacxovrebo xasiaTis bgeriT dokumentebs da a.S.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 1957-1984 wlebSi narkvevi erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli Janria saqarTvelos radioSi. gansa-kuTrebiT bevria portretuli narkvevi, romelic aqtiurad eweva sabWoTa cxovrebis wesis propagandas epoqisaTvis dama-

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xasiaTebeli tipuri gmirebis — e.w. `misabaZi gmirebis~ Cvene-biT (SemTxveviT araa, rom erT-erT rubrikas, romelic 1963-1965 wlebSi TiTqmis yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda eTerSi, aseTi saxelwodeba hqonda — àdamianebi, romelTa magaliTi misabaZia~). pirvel rigSi eseni arian e.w. mowinave mSromelebi, romlebsac eTmoba rubrikebi: `komunizmis mSeneblebi~ (1960-1961), `komunizmis Suqurebi~ (1961), `mowinave gamocdilebis Suqurebi~ (1961-1962), `Cveni drois gmirebi~ (1960-1965), `Cveni dReebis gmirebi~ (1961-1963), `Svidwledis gmirebi~ (1964-1965), `xuTwledis gmirebi~ (1966), `muSa Semqmneli da ganmgebeli~ (1982-1984), `SejibrebaSi gamarjvebulni~ (1978-1987) da a.S. um-ravles SemTxvevaSi dasaxelebuli rubrikebiT momzadebuli narkvevebi paTetikuri, lozunguri xasiaTisaa da gmiris saxe plakatiTaa Secvlili. amas advilad mixvdebiT narkvevis sa-TauriTac ki: `mwvane megobris mesaidumle~ (1960, 30.01), `mwva-ne oqros dedobili~ (1961, 10.05), `damkvreluri Sromis fer-xulSi~ (1972, 14.01), òrsantieli mesimindeebi iwyeben laS-qrobas~ (1975, 03.04) da a.S.

portretuli narkvevebis namdvili bumi daiwyo 1979 wlis meore naxevridan, roca Seiqmna saerTo tele- da radiorubri-ka `Cveni laSqari~ (es fraza saq. kompartiis pirvel mdivans ekuTvnoda). Svidi wlis manZilze am rubrikiT yovelkvireu-lad ramdenime narkvevi gadaicemoda (sxvadasxva socialuri jgufisa Tu profesiis warmomadgenlebze).

calke unda gamoiyos narkvevebi Zvel revolucionerebze, cnobil partiul da saxelmwifo moRvaweebze, romlebic aseve sabWoTa cxovrebis wesis propagandas emsaxureboda: `SesaniS-nav adamianTa cxovreba~ (1964), `leninuri gvardiis jariska-cebi~ (1967-1981), ìsini Cveni bednierebisaTvis ibrZodnen~ (1967-1980), `saqarTvelos kompartiis gamoCenili moRvaweebi~ (1970) (s. orjonikiZe, f. maxaraZe, s. wulukiZe, m. cxakaia, z. Cod-riSvili da sxv.) da a.S.

naklebi ganviTareba pova saqarTvelos radioSi e.w. prob-lemurma narkvevma. ufro zustad Tu vityviT, 1960-1990 wleb-Si radionarkvevis saxelwodebiT uamravi problemuri gada-cema momzadda, magram teqstebis SerCeviTi gacnobac gvar-wmunebs, rom maTi udidesi umravlesoba statiis an korespon-

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denciis Janrs ufro ganekuTvneba — mTlianad moklebulia mxatvrul elementebs. ra mxatvrulobaze SeiZleba laparaki, roca narkvevs hqvia: `mZimewonosani memanqaneebi ajameben Se-jibrebis Sedegebs~ (1961, 14.08), `modiT, nu SevalamazebT faq-tebs~ (1962, 13.03), `novatoris mijna gadavaqcioT mTeli ko-leqtivis mijnad~ (1963, 10.09), `yrilobidan yrilobamde~ (1975, 10.01), `problemebi, romlebic gadaWras moiTxovs~ (1983, 22.11) da a.S.

zogjer radionarkvevebi gadaicemoda radionovelis anda radiomoTxrobis saxelwodebiT, Tumca maTi struqturebi arafriT gansxvavdeboda narkvevisagan. magaliTad, radiono-velebi — `zRvis qari~ (radios dResTan dakavSirebiT 1961, 7.05) da `roca Rameebi qrebian~ (1963, 26.01); radiomoTxrobebi: `Suqi sofelSi~ (1967, 20.04), `maradiuli yinvarebis samefoSi~ (igi asaxavda myinvarwveris kalTaze mdebare meteosadguris muSakTa cxovrebas, 1966, 29. 08), `foladTan nawrTobi~ (meta-lurg o. lomiZeze, 1975, 10.01); dokumenturi radiomoTxrobe-bi: `platon SuSania~ (1967, 14.01), `suliT Zlieri~ (Zvel revo-lucioner s. qavTaraZeze, 1968, 18.02), `igi icavda leningrads~ (general g. jinWaraZeze, 1969, 27.01) da sxv. es araa gasakviri, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom 70-ian wlebamde radioJanrebis Te-oriaSi sakmaod didi gaugebroba iyo da praqtikosebi meqani-kurad cdilobdnen yvela publicisturi Tu mxatvruli Jan-ris `garadioebas~.

aseve, 60-iani wlebis bolodan 80-iani wlebis Sua ricxve-bamde gadaicemoda saqarTvelos radioSi e.w. radiofilmebi, romlebic an radiokompoziciebi iyo, anda umravles SemTxve-vaSi radionarkvevebi: magaliTad, `Sen metalurgi xar~ (1976, 22.12), `qalaqi, wlebi, adamianebi~ (WiaTuraze, 1979, 12.08), `sei-nerebi gadian zRvaSi~ (1979, 11.01), `svaneTis mTebSi~ (1980, 5.06), `simaRle~ (xuTnawiliani radiofilmi, anu xuTi proble-muri narkvevi foTis eqsperimentze, 1982, 15-19. 09), `tyibule-li meSaxteebi~ (1985, 25.06) da sxv. maT erTaderT specifikas warmoadgenda is, rom ZiriTadad dokumentur Canawerebze iyo agebuli da avtoris teqsti minimumamde iyo Semcirebuli, rac sulac ar ganapirobebda axali, gansxvavebuli esTetikuri struqturis Seqmnas.

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musikis gansakuTrebulma rolma radiomauwyeblobaSi bevrad ganapiroba rTuli, kombinirebuli da krebiTi xasia-Tis struqturebis warmoSoba da ganviTareba. igi iwyeba lite-raturul-musikaluri kompoziciebiT — erTi TemiT gaerTia-nebuli literaturuli da musikaluri nawarmoebebis monta-JiT, sadac musika xels uwyobs amaRlebuli ganwyobilebis Seqmnas, teqstis èmocionalizacias~. amgvari kompoziciebi, rogorc wesi, sazeimo dReebs, saiubileo TariRebs, did poli-tikur movlenebs eZRvneboda da umetesad paTetikuri xasia-Tisa iyo, mag.: `partiis Suqi gzas gvinaTebs~ (1961, 13.04), ài, rad gviyvars Cveni partia~ (partiuli yrilobebisa da plenu-mebis win), `Cveni lenini~ (1961, 21.04), `komunizmi Cveni droSaa~ (1962, 31.01), `gamarjoba, Cemo Tbilis-qalaqo!~ (1983, 30.10) da a.S. SemdgomSi musika, rogorc damoukidebeli elementi, gamo-iyeneboda mxatvrul-dokumentur kompoziciebSi, publicis-tur Jurnalebsa da programebSi.

radioJurnali aTeuli wlebis manZilze yvelaze gavrce-lebuli forma iyo saqarTvelos radiomauwyeblobaSi. amas ga-napirobebda rogorc misi krebiTi xasiaTi (mcire zomis nawar-moebebis erTad Tavmoyris efeqtianoba) da perioduloba, ise, aranaklebad, informaciis tipizaciis SesaZlebloba dargis, Temis, mimarTulebis Tu misamarTis mixedviT, rac yvelaze me-tad Seesabameboda radioprogramis rubrikaciis princips. radiomauwyeblobis TiToeul redaqcias Tu ganyofilebas, romlebic dargobriv-Tematuri principiT iyo organizebu-li, Tavisi Jurnalebi gaaCnda programaSi: `kultura da yo-facxovreba~, `fizkultura da sporti~, `Cveni sofeli~, `mec-niereba da teqnika~, `janmrTeloba~, `bunebis kari~, àdamiani da kanoni~, `literatura da xelovneba~ da a.S.

Tavidan es Jurnalebi Caketil struqturebs warmoadgen-da. calkeuli masalebi — e.w. siuJetebi — beWduri organoebis msgavsad erTmaneTisgan mkveTrad iyo gamijnuli (`kritikuli gverdi~, `litaraturuli gverdi~, `musikaluri gverdi~, ìu-moristuli gverdi~ da a.S.) da diqtoris anonimuri teqstiT gaerTianebuli. msgavseba iqamde midioda, rom, magaliTad, 1967 wels Jurnal `literaturisa da xelovnebis~ TiToeuli gamoSvebis nomeric ki cxaddeboda. zogierT Jurnals, rome-

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lic naklebi periodulobisa iyo, aseve beWduri formebis gav-leniT, `almanaxi~ erqva (mag., almanaxi `poezia~ — 1971-1973, radioalmanaxebi: `literaturuli aWara~ — 1971 da `erTgu-leba~ — 1972-1975). paralelurad, SeimCneva am formebis radi-os specifikisadmi misadagebis ramdenime cdac, rac maT sa-xelwodebebSic gamoixata. magaliTad, yvelaze patarebisaT-vis gankuTvnil yovelkvireul gadacemas `radiosadguri `ci-cinaTela~ erqva (1960-1980), mozardebis yovelTviur progra-mas — `radiosadguri `siymawvilis Tanamgzavri~ (1977-1988), xolo axalgazrdul programas — `radiosadguri `siWabuke~ (1977-1989). `radiosadgurebs~ diqtorebTan erTad xSirad wamyvanebi — Jurnalistebic uZRvebodnen, rac garkveul gav-lenas axdenda maT struqturebze da ganasxvavebda sxva radi-oJurnalebisagan.

radioJurnalebSi wamyvanis damkvidreba, diqtoris Sec-vla Jurnalistis pirovnebiT, radios specifikis aTvisebis istoriuli procesi iyo. Jurnalisti moeqca gadacemis kom-poziciuri struqturis centrSi. igi improvizaciulad aer-Tianebda sxvadasxva masalas, ganapirobebda maT saerTo mimar-Tulebas da arsebiTad gansazRvravda gadacemis saerTo for-masa da xasiaTs. am procesSi garkveuli roli Seasrula im ga-mocdilebam, romelic dagrovda ufro adre, personaluri ciklebis momzadebisas (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs m. CxartiSvilis, l. kikilaSvilis, m. gegeSiZis, a. gelaSvilis, i. kevliSvilis da sxv. namuSevrebi 60-70-ian wlebSi). Jurnalistis pirovnebiT gaerTianebul da garkveulwilad improvizebul aseT radio-Jurnalebs radioprogramebi daerqva. es gadacemebi ukve ze-pir saubarze, zepir urTierTobazea agebuli, magram audito-riasTan pirdapir kontaqts moklebulia — winaswar aris Cawe-rili da saTanadod damontaJebuli. `Ria~ eTeri — radiomsme-nelebis uSualod CarTva gadacemaSi — mxolod 90-iani wlebi-dan mkvidrdeba saqarTvelos radios praqtikaSi.

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T a v i I V

saqarTvelos radio demokratiuli

gardaqmnebisa da erovnuli moZraobis

aRmavlobis periodSi (1985-1991)

saqarTvelos radios istoriaSi 1985-1991 wlebi yvelaze mokle monakveTia sxvebTan SedarebiT, magram igi imdenad mniSvnelovani da Tvisebrivad gansxvavebuli iyo Cveni qveynis cxovrebaSi, rom mizanSewonilad CavTvaleT calke periodad gamoyofa.

jer erTi, am periodSi moxda is radikaluri cvlilebebi sabWoTa saxelmwifos sistemaSi (mravalpartiulobisa da ide-ologiuri pluralizmis aRiareba, cenzuraze uaris Tqma, ma-sobrivi informaciis saSualebebze saxelmwifo monopoliis gauqmeba da sxv.), romelic `gardaqmnis~ saxeliTaa cnobili. es iyo skkp-isa da ssrk-is xelmZRvanelobis politika, romelic 1980-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi gamocxadda da 1991 wlis ag-vistomde grZeldeboda. mis obieqtur Sinaarss sabWoTa eko-nomikis, politikis, ideologiisa da kulturis zogadsaka-cobrio idealebTan da RirebulebebTan SesabamisobaSi moyva-nis cda Seadgenda; xorcieldeboda ukiduresi araTanmimdev-robiT da winaaRmdegobriv ZalisxmevaTa Sedegad skkp-is kra-xisa da ssrk-is daSlis winapirobebis Seqmna.

meore, es iyo erovnuli moZraobis aRmavlobis gamorCeu-li periodi, romelic 1990 wlis saparlamento arCevnebSi erovnuli Zalebis gamarjvebiTa da 1991 wlis 9 aprils saqarT-velos damoukideblobis gamocxadebiT dasrulda. marTalia, es iyo wminda deklaraciuli aqti — faqtobrivad saqarTvelo kvlav rCeboda erTiani ssr kavSiris politikuri, ideologiu-ri da ekonomikuri sistemis Semadgenel nawilad (sadac yvela sabWoTa struqtura ganagrZobda funqcionirebas), magram mi-si istoriuli roli eris cnobierebis CamoyalibebaSi metad

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Rirebulia: saqarTvelo iyo pirveli, vinc yvela sxva mokavSi-re respublikaze gacilebiT adre Riad acnoba mTel msofli-os Tavisi saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgena da kavSiridan gasvlis moTxovna.

miuxedavad amisa, saqarTvelos radiosaTvis, rogorc ma-sobrivi informaciis saSualebisaTvis, gardaqmnis periodi iseTi siaxle ar yofila, rogorc sxva respublikebSi. rogorc wina TavSi aRiniSna, axleburi azrovneba qarTul mediaSi jer kidev 70-iani wlebis meore naxevridan iwyebs ganviTarebas da gardaqmnis dasawyisisaTvis, SeiZleba iTqvas, Tavis piks aR-wevs. gansakuTrebiT aqtiuria televizia (sakmarisia gavixse-noT, rom SeSinebuli `mTavlitis~ warmomadgeneli — cenzori moskovs acnobebda komitetis xelmZRvanelobis `arakanonier~ moqmedebebze). radios es procesi SedarebiT mogvianebiT See-xo. pirveli arsebiTi cvlilebebi samauwyeblo politikaSi daukavSirda saqarTvelos radios xelmZRvanelobaSi axali kadrebis CarTvas da garkveuli drois manZilze mis erTgvar decentralizacias. 1977 wels teleradiokomitetis Tav-mjdomaris pirvel moadgiled dainiSna saq. kp centraluri komitetis muSaki armaz sanebliZe, romelsac daevala ro-gorc televiziis, ise radios sainformacio samsaxurebis sa-erTo xelmZRvaneloba. 1983 wels Tavmjdomaris moadgiled dainiSna eldar iberi, romelsac teleredaqciebTan erTad radios sabavSvo da axalgazrduli gadacemebis mTavari re-daqciebis kurirebac daekisra, xolo 1984 wlis meore naxevri-dan (petre SamaTavas sxva Tanamdebobaze gadasvlis Semdeg) igi mTeli radios xelmZRvanelic gaxda sainformacio samsa-xuris gamoklebiT (eldar iberma ganvlo yvela profesiuli etapi umcrosi redaqtoridan radios xelmZRvanelamde; igi 15 weli muSaobda radio-televiziaSi, Semdeg sami weli iyo iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis Jurnalistikis fakultetis mecnier-TanamSromeli da samec-niero xarisxis dacvis Semdeg daubrunda Tavis koleqtivs).

magram am periodSi demokratizaciis procesi Tanabrad rodi mimdinareobda. rogor paradoqsadac ar unda mogveCve-nos, saqarTvelos radio-televiziaSi 70-iani wlebis meore na-xevarSi dawyebuli gardaqmnebi erTgvarad damuxruWda mTel

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sabWoTa kavSirSi mimdinare gardaqmnis wlebSi (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs 1986-1988 wlebi). 1985 wels saqarTvelos kp centralu-ri komitetis pirveli mdivani eduard SevardnaZe sabWoTa kavSiris sagareo saqmeTa ministrad dainiSna da misi adgili daikava jumber patiaSvilma, rasac tradiciulad mohyva TiT-qmis mTeli xelmZRvaneli kadrebis gamocvlac. Seicvala sa-qarTvelos televiziisa da radiomauwyeblobis komitetis Tavmjdomarec — 1986 wels nugzar fofxaZis nacvlad (rome-lic centraluri komitetis propagandis ganyofilebis gam-ged gadaiyvanes) Tavmjdomared dainiSna misi pirveli moadgi-le armaz sanebliZe. 1987 wels aseve Seicvala Tavmjdomaris moadgile radios dargSi, saqarTvelos radios axali xel-mZRvaneli gaxda ramin WeliZe.

respublikis axalma xelmZRvanelobam ver auRo alRo mim-dinare procesebs. erTi mxriv, dro moiTxovda demokratiuli reformebis gatarebas, warsulis dogmebze uaris Tqmas. meo-re mxriv, demokratizaciis procesma xel-fexi gauxsna erov-nul moZraobas — gaxSirda mitingebi, demonstraciebi, sapro-testo gamosvlebi, rasac xelisuflebam isev Zveli nacadi xerxiT — demokratiis SezRudviTa da masmediaze kontrolis gamkacrebiT upasuxa. radio- da teleeTerSi daviwyebas mieca sajaroobis bevri iseTi forma, romelic wina wlebSi audito-riis did interess iwvevda, Semcirda gadacemebis simwvave da kritikuli paTosi. samagierod, ucvleli darCa mauwyeblobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebani: komunisturi da sabWouri Rirebu-lebebis propaganda, partiul da sxva sadireqtivo dadgeni-lebebze swrafi reagireba, sazeimo TariRebisa da politiku-ri RonisZiebebis farTod gaSuqeba da sxva (rasac tradiciu-li ciklebisa da rubrikebis SenarCunebac adasturebs).

miuxedavad amisa, dros Tavisi moaqvs da zogierTi dade-biTi Zvra mainc SeiniSneba. gaizarda erovnuli mauwyebloba — saqarTvelos radios pirvel respublikur programaSi Sem-cirda sakavSiro radios mTeli rigi programebis savaldebu-lo CarTva, romelTa xangrZlivoba 80-iani wlebSi yoveldRi-urad 7 saaTs aRwevda. amgvari praqtika miT ufro xelovnuri da iZulebiTi Canda, rom saqarTvelos mniSvnelovani qalaqebi uzrunvelyofili iyo samprogramiani satranslacio qseliT

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(sadenebiani mauwyeblobiT) da mosaxleobis umravlesobas Se-eZlo damoukideblad esmina I da II sakavSiro programebisaT-vis ara marto radiomimRebebiT, aramed reproduqtorebiTac.

1985-1989 wlebSi grZeldeboda televiziisa da radioma-uwyeblobis dReebis mowyoba sawarmoebsa Tu sxva organizaci-ebSi, respublikis calkeul regionebSi, sadac paralelurad xdeboda radioauditoriis moTxovnilebebis Seswavla. aseve orjer, 1988 wlis noemberSi da 1989 wlis ianvarSi, gazeTSi `laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi~ gamoCnda anketa `ismis Tqven-Tan radios xma?~, romelic radioficirebis problemis garda sxva sakiTxebsac ayenebda — msmenelebs sTxovda azri gamoeT-qvaT radios programaze, sxvadasxva ciklebsa da rubrikebze.

saerTod ki am periodSi, e.w. gardaqmnis wlebSi, sagrZnob-lad Seicvala sazogadoebrivi azris Seswavlis formebi. Tu adre mTavari yuradReba eqceoda sociologiuri kvlevis me-Todebis gamoyenebas (saanketo gamokiTxvas da a.S.), axla upi-ratesoba mieniWa sabWoTa Jurnalistikis nacad formas — `mSromelTa werilebis~ analizs. 1987 wlis meore naxevarSi saqarTvelos radioSi sistematur xasiaTs iZens werilebis mi-moxilva. kviraSi orjer mikrofonTan gamodioda komitetis werilebis ganyofilebis gamge (mixeil mWedliZe) da mimoixi-lavda radiomsmenelebis fostas. amave wlidan eTerSia yo-velkvireuli rubrika `werilebi gardaqmnaze~, romelsac 1989 wels `radiomsmenelTa fosta~ ewoda. demokratizaciis pro-cesis gamoxatuleba iyo agreTve rubrika `Cven da msmenelebi~ — 1987 wlis meore naxevarSi yovel kviras msmenelebs Tavise-bur angariSs abarebdnen radios mTavari redaqtorebi, maTi moadgileebi, ganyofilebis gamgeebi, sTxovdnen SeniSvnebisa da winadadebebis miwodebas. amas 1988 wlidan mohyva yovel-Tviuri cikli — `msmeneli gvTxovs, gvirCevs, gvesaubreba~, romelic 1990 wlis bolomde gagrZelda. ase rom, Tu 20-25 wlis manZilze auditoriis azris Seswavla ZiriTadad komuni-katoris poziciis dasabuTebas emsaxureboda, gardaqmnis wlebSi ufro am auditoriis moTxovnilebebis gaTvaliswine-bas mieqca yuradReba.

1988 wlidan xelisuflebam ramdenadme Searbila sulieri cxovrebis sferoSi partiul-saxelmwifoebrivi marTvis for-

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mebi da erTgvarad Secvala kidec taqtika — Seecada Tavi war-moeCina erovnuli interesebis damcvelad. amas mohyva mTav-robis dadgenilebani saqarTvelos istoriisa da qarTuli enis swavlebis gaumjobesebis Sesaxeb, rac farTod aisaxa sa-qarTvelos radios gadacemebSi. magram paralelurad ar Sem-wydara komunisturi JurnalistikisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli ma-nipulatoruli meTodebis gamoyeneba, gansakuTrebiT erov-nuli moZraobis diskreditaciis mizniT. konfrontacia xeli-suflebasa da erovnul moZraobas Soris TandaTan gaZlierda, rasac mohyva 1989 wlis 9 aprils samxedro ZalebiT mSvidobia-ni saprotesto mitingis darbeva da adamianTa msxverpli.

aman sabolood mouRo bolo sabWoTa xelisuflebis avto-ritets xalxis farTo masebSi. tradiciulad Seicvala res-publikis xelmZRvanelobac — jumber patiaSvili gadaayenes da saq.kp centraluri komitetis mdivani gaxda givi gumbariZe, romelsac manamde saxelmwifo uSiSroebis komitetis Tav-mjdomaris posti ekava. Seicvala teleradiokomitetis xel-mZRvanelic — Tavmjdomare gaxda arCil gogelia.

respublikis axali xelmZRvaneloba da mmarTveli komu-nisturi partia iZulebuli gaxda ufro loialuri politika gaetarebina. politikuri Zalebis aseTma gawonasworebam gav-lena iqonia masobrivi informaciis organoebis saqmianoba-zec. saqarTvelos teleradiomauwyeblobaSi SesaZlebeli gax-da demokratizaciis procesis gaRrmaveba. moxda religiuri da erovnuli propagandis legalizacia. Seiqmna principulad axali ciklebi da rubrikebi, gamoCnda adre akrZaluli Teme-bi, gmirebi da avtorebi. am periodSi Sewyda ucxoeTis radio-sadgurebis CaxSobac da saqarTvelos mosaxleobas mieca maTi Tavisufali mosmenis saSualeba, magram e.w. specialuri gada-cemebis redaqcia ar gauqmebula — igi isev ganagrZobda `ame-rikis xmis~ qarTuli gadacemebis Caweras da gaSifruli teq-stebis tradiciuli sqemiT gavrcelebas.

1990 wlis 28 oqtombers saqarTveloSi gamarTul pirvel mravalpartiul arCevnebSi erovnuli mimarTulebis partie-bis erTma jgufma `mrgvali magidis~ saxelwodebiT, amomrCe-velTa xmebis umravlesoba miiRo da xelisuflebas daeufla. misi lideri zviad gamsaxurdia jer saqarTvelos uzenaesi

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sabWos Tavmjdomare gaxda, Semdeg ki — saqarTvelos pirveli prezidenti.

rogorc praqtika gviCvenebs, saqarTvelos radiosa da te-leviziis gaCenis pirveli dRidan yoveli xelisuflebis li-deri cdilobda mis xelmZRvanelad Tavisi erTguli piri dae-niSna da uSualod Tavisi kontrolisaTvis daeqvemdebarebina. amjeradac ase moxda. teleradiokomitets ewoda televiziisa da radiomauwyeblobis saxelmwifo departamenti, mis Tav-mjdomared dainiSna Temur kvantaliani, xolo Tavmjdomaris moadgiled radios dargSi — lado kokaia, romelic manamde in-formaciis mTavari redaqciis pasuxismgebel mdivnad muSaobda.

saqarTvelos radios winaSe erovnuli da demokratiuli ganviTarebis TiTqosda axali perspeqtiva gamoCnda. magram axalma xelisuflebam radio-televiziis mimarT imave poli-tikis gatareba daiwyo, rac wina, komunistur xelisuflebas axasiaTebda. es bevrad ganapiroba umwvavesma dapirispirebam erovnuli moZraobis meore frTasTan (e.w. erovnul kongres-Tan), romelic arCevnebSi ar monawileobda da `mrgval magi-das~ opoziciaSi Caudga. miuxedavad imisa, rom respublikis uzenaesma sabWom 1991 wlis agvistoSi miiRo demokratiuli, saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisi kanoni `presisa da ma-sobrivi informaciis sxva saSualebebis Sesaxeb~, xelisufle-bam TviTonve daarRvia es kanoni, uwinares yovlisa, telera-diomauwyeblobasTan mimarTebiT da yoveli Rone ixmara misi monopolizaciisaTvis. mdgomareoba kidev ufro gaarTula komitetis axalma xelmZRvanelma, romelsac arc saTanado profesionalizmi gaaCnda da arc marTvis gamocdileba da ver gamonaxa koleqtivTan saerTo ena (sakmarisia iTqvas, rom er-TbaSad samuSaodan daiTxoves sapensio asaks miRweuli yvela TanamSromeli — daaxloebiT 300 kaci). yovelive aman axali xe-lisuflebis mimarT mtrulad ganawyo radio-televiziis mu-SakTa didi nawili da prezidenti iZulebuli gaxda piradad misuliyo departamentSi koleqtivTan Sesaxvedrad da mdgo-mareobis gansamuxtavad.

pirveli erovnuli xelisuflebis xanmokle periodSi ra-dio (da gansakuTrebiT televizia) mudmivad iyo politikuri Tu samoqalaqo dapirispirebis obieqti, rac mniSvnelovanwi-

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lad imanac ganapiroba, rom im periodSi saeTero propagandis sxva, alternatiuli arxi ar arsebobda. upirvelesad telera-diomauwyeblobis saSualebiT daupirispirda xelisufleba opoziciur politikur Zalebs (`erovnul kongresSi~ gaerTi-anebul partiebs) da misdami kritikulad ganwyobil elita-rul inteligencias. Sida Tu gare reaqciuli Zalebis mxarda-WeriT konfrontacia gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda 1991 wlis seqtembris meore naxevridan, opoziciuri mitingis provoka-ciuli darbevis Semdeg. teleradiomauwyeblobis koleqtivi gaifica. teleradiocentris Senoba erovnuli gvardiis ambo-xebulma nawilma daikava da xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda ma-uwyebloba parlamentis Senobidan, saxeldaxelod mowyobili studiidan ganegrZo. or Tveze metxans saqarTvelos radios ramdenime Jurnalisti da diqtori iqidan gadmoscemda isev da isev konfrontaciis xelSemwyob informaciebs, rasac ema-teboda xelisuflebis zogierTi warmomadgenlis upasuxis-mgeblo gamosvlebic. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom xelisuflebis mi-er organizebulma teleradiomauwyeblobam bevri veraferi gaakeTa mosaxleobis mxardaWeris mosapoveblad da ver das-Zlia misi indiferentuli damokidebuleba dedaqalaqSi mim-dinare SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis mimarT, ramac xeli Seuwyo kanonieri xelisuflebis damxobas.

miuxedavad movlenebis ganviTarebis aseTi winaaRmdegob-rivi xasiaTisa, am periods ukavSirdeba mTeli rigi dadebiTi cvlilebebic saqarTvelos radios cxovrebaSi. saxelmwifo-ebrivi damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg saqarTvelos radio faqtobrivad suveneruli qveynis sainformacio saSua-lebad iqca — pirveli respublikuri programa mTlianad gan-Tavisuflda sakavSiro radios gadacemebis savaldebulo translaciisagan. radgan sabWoTa (arsebiTad, rusuli) masme-dia ubinZures cilismwameblur kampanias eweoda erovnuli xe-lisuflebis winaaRmdeg da damaxinjebulad warmoudgenda mTel msoflios saqarTveloSi mimdinare procesebs, naTeli gaxda sazRvargareTuli auditoriisaTvis alternatiuli in-formaciis miwodebis aucilebloba (aseT pirobebSi mxolod `gadacema ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi TanamemamuleebisaTvis~, cxa-dia, sakmarisi veRar iqneboda). piradad prezidentisa da sa-

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qarTvelis sagareo saqmeTa ministris moadgilis nodar gabaS-vilis didi mondomebiT 1991 wels safuZveli Caeyara ucxoeT-ze inglisurenovan mauwyeblobas (yoveldRiurad naxevari sa-aTis moculobiT). igi sazRvargareTis msmenelebs acnobda sa-qarTveloSi arsebul mdgomareobas, mis saSinao da sagareo politikas, rom xeli Seewyo qveynis saerTaSoriso Tanamegob-robaSi damkvidrebisaTvis, propagandas uwevda qarTul kul-turasa da xelovnebas.

1991 wlis bolos saqarTveloSi moewyo saxelmwifo da da-moukidebeli teleradiomauwyeblobis urTierTobis ZiriTa-di principebis dadgenis pirveli mcdeloba — gamoqveynda `sa-qarTvelos saxelmwifo tele-radio korporaciis debulebi-sa~ da `saqarTvelos tele-radio korporaciis mier dafuZne-buli kompaniis wesdebis~ proeqtebi.1 rogorc aRvniSneT, es metad daZabuli periodi iyo Cvens qveyanaSi, rasac ar SeiZle-boda, gavlena ar moexdina warmodgenili proeqtebis xasiaTze — maTSi aSkarad igrZnoba xelisuflebis mcdeloba rogorc saxelmwifo, ise damoukidebel teleradiomauwyeblobaze rac SeiZleba meti kontrolis dawesebisaTvis. proeqtebis mixed-viT, saqarTvelos teleradiodepartamentis teleradiokor-poraciad gadakeTebis erT - erTi ZiriTadi mizani iyo damou-kidebeli teleradiokompaniebis dafuZneba, maTi finansuri da teqnikuri mxardaWera. aseTi nabiji mxolod misasalmebeli iqneboda, rom damoukidebeli kompaniebi ar moqceuliyo sa-xelmwifo struqturaSi — korporaciaSi, romelic inarCuneb-da saxelmwifo departamentis statuss da, aqedan gamomdina-re, ar daqvemdebareboda mTavrobas, anu ar dakisreboda sa-xelmwifo mauwyeblobis funqciebi (proeqtis avtorebis gage-biT — `xelisuflebis interesebis dacva~).

ufro naTlad rom vTqvad, saxelmwifo teleradiodepar-tamenti gardaiqmneboda saxelmwifo korporaciad, raTa Ta-vis sistemaSi saxelmwifo rgolebTan erTad Seeqmna viTom da-moukidebeli teleradiokompaniebi, romlebic faqtobrivad mis kontrols daeqvemdebareboda da amiT saerTod gamoi-ricxeboda yovelgvari, marTlac damoukidebeli da alterna-

1 gaz. `respublika~, 1991, 12.12, gv. 6.

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tiuli mauwyeblobis Seqmnis SesaZlebloba. aseT pirobebSi imis gancxadebas, rom korporacia uzrun-

velyofs damoukidebeli kompaniebis dotaciur dafinansebasa da saxelmwifo dakveTebs, `xels uwyobs maT damoukidebel saqmianobas, srul SemoqmedebiT Tavisuflebas~, mxolod dek-laraciuli xasiaTi hqonda — Zneli dasajerebelia, rom sa-xelmwifo korporacia dotaciebiTa da dakveTebiT uzrun-velyofda im kompanias, romelic xelisuflebisadmi kriti-kul pozicias daikavebda, rac sul mokle xanSi aseTi `urCi wevris~ gakotrebasa da gauqmebas gamoiwvevda. arc isaa gamo-ricxuli, rom mTeli es `kompaniobana~ radio-televiziis ga-ficuli muSakebis dasaSoSmineblad da Tavidan mosaSoreblad iyo mogonili — TavisTavad cxadia, rom Tu korporacias eqne-boda `damoukidebeli~ kompaniebi, yvela kritikulad moaz-rovne iq unda wasuliyo da wminda `samTavrobo~ nawilSi mxo-lod politikurad erTguli kadrebi darCeniliyo. saxelmwi-fo da damoukidebeli mauwyeblobis amgvari simbiozi msof-lio praqtikam ar icis da am proeqtebs arc ewera ganxorcie-leba — aTiode dReSi dapirispirebul mxareebs Soris Seiara-Rebuli Setakebebi daiwyo da xelisuflebis damxobamde erTi Tvec aRar iyo darCenili, Semdeg ki isini aravis gaxsenebia.

pirveli erovnuli xelisuflebis xanmokle mmarTvelobis periodSi saqarTvelos radioSi sxva organizaciuli cvlile-bebic moxda: propagandis mTavar redaqcias ewoda sazogado-ebriv-politikuri gadacemebis mTavari redaqcia (saxelwode-bis amgvari Secvla sakavSiro radioSi jer kidev 1987 wels ganxorcielda). mTavar redaqtorad droebiT isev vaxtang dvali darCa, magram 1991 wels radio-televiziis sapensio asakis sxva TanamSromlebTan erTad isic daiTxoves samuSao-dan da mTavar redaqtorad dainiSna zezva zviadauri, xolo redaqcias saSinao politikis mTavari redaqcia ewoda. amave wels gaerTianda sabavSvo da axalgazrduli gadacemebis mTa-vari redaqciebi da mTavar redaqtorad dainiSna ilia mxeiZe. informaciis mTavari redaqciis mTavari redaqtori dimitri kikvaZe Secvala giorgi CokoSvilma.

1985-1991 wlebSi sainformacio gamoSvebaTa ganrigi ase gamoiyureboda:

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1985 — 6.05, 11.00, 12.10 (oTxSabaTisa da SabaT-kviris garda), 17.00, 18.00 (paraskevis garda), 18.30 (rusul enaze, kvira dRis garda), 19.00 (kviras), 19.30 (oTxSabaTisa da SabaT-kviris garda), 22.30, 23.55.

1986-1990 — 6.05, 11.00, 14.15, 17.00, 18.30 (rusul enaze, kviradRis garda), 19.30, 22.30, 23.55.

1991 — 6.05, 11.00 (SabaTis garda), 12.00 (oTxSabaTisa da SabaT-kviris garda), 13.45 (SabaTs), 14.15 (SabaT-kviris garda), 17.00 (samSabaTisa da xuTSabaTis garda), 17.45 (rusul enaze, paraskevs), 18.30 (rusul enaze, paraskevi-sa da SabaT-kviris garda), 20.30 (SabaTs), 21.30 (oTxSabaT-sa da paraskevs), 23.00, 23.55.

rogorc vxedavT, 1991 wels gaugebari mizezebis gamo, sa-informacio gamoSvebaTa ganrigi Seicvala: gansxvavebulia ara marto SabaT-kvira, samuSao dReebSic sainformacio ga-moSvebebi erTsa da imave dros aRar gadaicema, rasac ar SeiZ-leba ar gamoewvia radiomsmenelebis dabneuloba da audito-riis Semcireba. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom 1991 wlidan operatiu-li informaciis biuletens `ukanasknel cnobebs~ aRar uwo-debdnen (rogorc mas TiTqmis 60 wlis manZilze erqva) da igi eTerSi gadioda ubralod `sainformacio gamoSvebis~ saxel-wodebiT. amiT, ra Tqma unda, misi funqcia da struqtura ar Secvlila: operatiulad aisaxeboda qveyanaSi mimdinare mov-lenebi; sabWoTa saxelmwifos bolo wlebis problemebi; dapi-rispireba jer xelisuflebasa da erovnul moZraobas, Semdeg ki erovnul xelisuflebasa da opozicias Soris; 1990 wlis sa-parlamento da 1991 wlis saprezidento arCevnebi; qarTul-osu-ri konfliqtis sawyisi periodi da a.S. sainformacio gamoSve-bebs tradiciulad uZRvebodnen diqtorebi (1985-1991 wlebSi maT rigebs Seematnen: Tamaz Wyonia, genadi xafava, merab Sari-qaZe, lali zanguraSvili, xaTuna baqraZe, nuca erisTavi, evge-ni vadaqaria).

isev ganagrZobda arsebobas zogierTi tradiciuli for-ma, magaliTad, Tematuri sainformacio gamoSveba. 1986 wlis meore naxevarSi manamde arsebuli `msoflios erTi kviris am-bebis~ 10-wuTian gamoSvebas Seenacvla `depeSebi sazRvargare-Tidan~, romelic Semdeg II programaze gadavida. mogvianebiT

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amave saxelwodebiT 19 saaTis gamoSveba daeTmo ucxoeTis axal ambebs. aseve, ùkanaskneli cnobebis~ 19 saaTisa da 30 wu-Tis gamoSvebis magivrad 1987 wlis ivnisamde yoveldRiurad kvlav gadaicemoda àgrosamrewvelo kompleqsi: sadReiso sazrunavi~, romelic aSuqebda am periodSi aqtualuri e.w. sa-sursaTo programis sakiTxebs da Cvens respublikaSi eqsperi-mentuli agrosamrewvelo gaerTianebebis saqmianobas. SabaT-kviris garda yoveldRiurad iyo eTerSi (19.15, 10 wuTi) `radi-opatruli~, romelic radiomsmenelebs acnobda respublikaSi arsebul kriminalur situacias (avtori da wamyvani koba koba-iZe). sportis axal ambebs warmoadgenda rubrika `5 wuTi spor-tis moyvarulTaTvis~, romelic kviraSi oTxjer gadaicemoda, Tumca sportul informacias avrcelebdnen agreTve Cveu-lebrivi sainformacio gamoSvebebi da sainformacio-musika-luri programebi (aqve aRvniSnavT, rom sportul radioJur-nals, romelsac 1985-1988 wlebSi `fizkultura da sporti~ erqva, 1989 wlidan ewoda ùtevani~, rogorc Cans, ufro erov-nuli saxeli). 1991 wlidan praqtikaSi axal doneze aRdga 30-iani wlebis forma `radiogadaZaxili~ — ase erqva rubrikas, rome-lic fexburTis ramdenime matCis erTdroul reportaJebsa da komentatorebis urTierTSenacvlebas emyareboda.

1985-1991 wlebSi Semdgomi ganviTareba pova sainformacio-musikalurma programebma. 1987 wlidan `pikis saaTi~ ukve or-jer gadioda eTerSi yoveldRiurad SabaT-kviris garda — di-liT, 7 saaTze, erTi saaTis da naSuadRevs, 12 saaTsa da 15 wuT-ze, 45 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (samagierod gauqmda sainforma-cio-musikaluri programa `naSuadRevs~). am periodSi misi aq-tiuri avtorebi iyvnen: vaxtang nanitaSvili, nana jafariZe, dodo Sonava, oTar SaorSaZe, zaza qinqlaZe (mogvianebiT — na-to oniani, qeTino sadRobelaSvili, Salva gegeWkori).

1987 wlis ivnisSi `rusuli respublikuri cnobebis~ re-daqciaSi Seiqmna `pikis saaTis~ identuri sainformacio-musi-kaluri programa èqvsidan Svidamde~, romelic yovel SabaTs gadioda eTerSi 18-dan 19 saaTamde da respublikis cxovrebis yovelkvireul mimoxilvas iZleoda musikaluri nomrebis TanxlebiT (Tamaz kandelaki, maia roitbaki-dedabriSvili, Tamar sogoraSvili). 1988 wlidan mas daemata kidev erTi sain-

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formacio-musikaluri programa `Tbilisi da Tbiliselebi~, romelic aseve gadaicemoda yovel SabaTs 8 saaTsa da 15 wuT-ze, 30 wuTis moculobiT (man Secvala manamde arsebuli `Tbi-lisis axali ambebi~).

sainformacio-musikaluri xasiaTis ufro gavrcobili bloki — `radiosadguri `macne~ (rogorc saxelwodeba gviCve-nebs, mas informaciuli sadguris pretenzia hqonda) progra-maSi CaerTo 1987 wlis seqtembridan, samSabaTobiT 17-dan 20 saaTamde. 1988 wels paraskeobiT, amave saaTebSi, mas daemata kidev erTi gamoSveba, romelmac 1989 wlis ivlisidan 1991 wlis bolomde xuTSabaTs gadainacvla(isev im droSi). `macnes~ struqturaze sakmao warmodgenas iZleva mokle anotacia, ro-melic xSirad erTvoda mas eTerSi gamocxadebisas da gazeTSi dabeWdil programaSic. magaliTad, 1989 wlis 9 ianvars (samSa-baTi) `macneSi~ iyo: ukanaskneli cnobebi; ganvixilavT qarTu-li enis saxelmwifo proeqts; ekonomika; TviTdafinanseba; TviTanazRaureba; cikli `pozicia~; soflis sazrunavi; socia-luri sferos problemebi; rubrika `gardaqmnis gamocdilebis misamarTebi~; ekologia; demografia; kultura, xelovneba; sa-erTaSoriso mimoxilva; sportis ambebi; musika. es rubrikebi met-naklebi sisruliT gvxvdeba `macnes~ sxva gamoSvebebSic. paraskevs, 12 ivniss maT daemata, magaliTad: gadacema moswav-leTaTvis `gilocavT~ — centraluri samusiko aTwledi 50 wlisaa; radiogadaZaxili — xazzea soxumi da a.S.

1990-1991 wlebSi mudmivad iyo `macnes~ eTerSi rubrika `kriminaluri qronika~. didi yuradReba eqceoda samarTlis, moralis, religiis, ekologiis sakiTxebs da a.S. studiaSi xSi-rad iwvevdnen politikis, ekonomikis, kulturisa da xelovne-bis warmomadgenlebs. programa pirdapir eTerSi gadioda da masSi xSirad iyo CarTuli reportaJebi movlenaTa adgilebi-dan, msmenelebi aqtiurad minawileobdnen gadacemaSi satele-fono kavSiris meSveobiT. `macneSi~ didi dro hqonda daTmo-bili reklamas, romelic ramdenimejer gadaicemoda. mTeli bloki datvirTuli iyo qarTuli da ucxouri musikiT.

radiosadguri `macne~ Tavidan informaciis mTavar re-daqciaSi mzaddeboda, magram 1991 wels mas monacvleobiT am-zadebdnen radios sxvadasxva redaqciis TanamSromlebi, visac

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pirdapir eTerSi muSaobis praqtika hqonda. rubrikebis kom-paqturi xasiaTi da musikis siuxve gvarwmunebs, rom radio-sadguri `macne~ faqtobrivad pirveli programis farglebSi sainformacio-musikaluri sadguris Camoyalibebis cda iyo da man saboloo ganxorcieleba pova 1995 wlis 1 oqtombridan saqarTvelos radios II programis bazaze (Tu mis nacvlad) `radio-2 — qarTuli radios~ daarsebiT.

tradiciulad grZeldeboda 1985-1990 wlebSi qarTuli da rusuli respublikuri gazeTebis yoveldRiuri mimoxilva, garda orSabaTisa (1991 wels mas daerqva `respublikuri yo-veldRiuri presis mimoxilva~) da agreTve 1985 wels `pravdis~ mimoxilva (qarTul enaze). aseve, 1987 wlis bolomde, garda Sa-baT-kvirisa, msmenelebs miewodeboda qarTulad Targmnili `pravdis~ mowinave statia.

1991 wels presis Tavisebur mimoxilvas warmoadgenda ag-reTve programa `paraleli — faqti, presa, komentari~, rome-lic yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 45-60 wuTis xangrZlivi-biT. programis wamyvani jumber baqraZe (radios programebis mTavari direqciis mTavari direqtoris moadgile) msmenelebs acnobda sazRvargareTis presaSi gamoqveynebul statiebs, amasTan, yuradRebas amaxvilebda im Temaze, romelic mocemu-li kviris ganmavlobaSi yvelaze aqtiurad Suqdeboda presaSi. xSirad iyo saubari msoflios zesaxelmwifoebis politikur, ekonomikur da socialur mdgomareobaze, maT damokidebule-baze saqarTvelos mimarT da a.S.

gardaqmnis procesebis gavlena, cxadia, yvelaze metad sa-zogadoebriv-politikur gadacemebs Seexo. tradiciulad da-iwyo gardaqmnis Temis totalurad warmoCena. sityva `gardaq-mna~ mudmivad ismoda eTerSi da figurirebda uamravi rubri-kis saxelwodebaSi: `moqmedebis, gardaqmnis, winsvlis progra-ma~ (1986), `riT daviwyeT gardaqmna~ (rubrika, romelic raiko-mis mdivnebs ekavaT da faqtobrivad maT angariSebs warmoad-genda — 1986-1987), `gardaqmnas — ideologiuri uzrunvelyo-fa~, `gardaqmna drois moTxovnaa~, `werilebi gardaqmnaze~, `gardaqmnis kursi~, `gardaqmna da kadrebi~, `gardaqmnis waxna-gebi~ (yvela 1987 wels), `gardaqmnas — muSuri garantia~ da sxva. yvela es `gardaqmna~ arsebiTad formaluri iyo. ra gar-

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daqmnaze SeiZleboda laparaki, roca ideologiuri plura-lizmi gaiazreboda rogorc `socialisturi pluralizmi~ da aseTi yovelkvireuli rubrikac ki arsebobda — `gardaqmnis leninuri gakveTilebi~ (1988).

magram yvelaze mTavari iyo is, rom gardaqmnis procesebs Tan mohyva eTeris demokratizacia da gamoCnda axali Temebi da problemebi, romlebzec saqarTvelos radios manamde xeli ar miuwvdeboda. 1989 wlis seqtembridan Seiqmna yovelkvireu-li mwvave publicisturi programa `pirveli studia~, sadac periodulad ganixileboda erovnebaTaSorisi urTierTobis problemebi, partiis erovnuli platforma, erovnuli ganvi-Tarebis koncefcia, respublikis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis koncefcia, erovnuli skolis koncefcia da sxv. 1990 wlis ap-rilidan Camoyalibda yovelkvireuli rubrika `politolo-gis studia~, sadac gamosvlis saSualeba miecaT sxvadasxva po-litikuri partiisa da gaerTianebis warmomadgenlebs. 1990 wlis Tebervlidan yovelkvireuli rubrikiT `saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa sabWoSi~ (15 wT.) mosaxleobas miewodeboda in-formacia mTavrobis saqmianobis Sesaxeb. drois yvelaze mwva-ve problemebi iyo dasmuli gadacemebSi: `saqarTvelos moqa-laqis statusi~ (1988 w., 12 gadacema), `saqarTvelos saxelmwi-foebriobis dRe~ (1989, 22.05), `Cveni ena qarTuli~ (1989, 3 ga-dacema), `studia `dialogi~ (saqarTvelos istoriis swavlebis saxelmwifo programis proeqti~ (1989, 3.04), `rogor gvesmis damoukidebloba~ (1990, 9.05) da sxv.

es tendencia kidev ufro gaZlierda qveynis saTaveSi pir-veli erovnuli xelisuflebis mosvlis Semdeg. aprilis bo-los Seiqmna cikli `damoukidebeli saqarTvelosaTvis~, 24 ap-rils amave Temaze moewyo pirveli (da ukanaskneli) radioxidi `Tbilisi-vaSingtoni~ (60 wuTi); april-ivnisSi eTerSi iyo sami gadacema cikliT `qarTuli emigraciis xmebi~ (grigol urata-Zis, nametia berZeniSvilisa da mixako wereTlis audioCanawe-rebi), romelsac uZRveboda prof. guram SaraZe.

yovelive amis paralelurad, 1985-1990 wlebSi grZelde-boda im Temebis warmoCena, romelic tradiciulad damaxasia-Tebeli iyo sazogadoebriv-politikuri mauwyeblobisaTvis. kvlav iyo eTerSi rubrikebi `komunisti~ (ZiriTadad, portre-

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tuli narkvevebi) da `angariSs abarebs komunisti~, romelic ukavSirdeboda am periodSi partiul krebebze komunistebis piradi angariSebiT gamosvlis kampanias. isev grZeldeboda fsevdodiskusiebi rubrikiT `studia `dialogi~ (1985, 1986). saiubileo gadacemebi mieZRvna fridrix engelsis dabadebis 150 wlisTavs, sergei kirovis dabadebis 100 wlisTavs da ser-go orjonikiZis dabadebis 100 wlisTavs (1986). adrindelTan SedarebiT ufro TavSekavebulad aRiniSna 1990 wels leninis 120 wlisTavi, Tumca leninuri Tema sabWoTa xelisuflebis dasrulebamde mainc rCeboda eTerSi.

1985 wlidan aprilis meore kviras sistematurad aRiniS-neboda `xsovnis dRe~ — xelisuflebis azriT, igi aRdgomis me-ore dRes micvalebulTa moxseniebis alternativa unda gam-xdariyo da erTgvari antireligiuri daniSnulebac hqonda.

1989 wlidan rubrikas `radiomsmenelebs upasuxeben saer-TaSoriso mimomxilvelebi~ (romelic 1984 wlidan yovelkvi-reulad gadaicemoda 25 wuTis moculobiT) forma Seecvala da ewoda `qveynebi da kontinentebi~.

1985-1987 wlebSi tradiciulad yovelTviurad gadaice-moda radioJurnali `Solti~, romelsac satirisa da iumoris redaqcia amzadebda. saerTo jamSi, igi 25 weli iyo eTerSi. garda amisa, 1985-1986 wlebSi drodadro gadaicemoda kriti-kuli rubrikebi: `momxveWeloba muSaTa samsjavroze~, `nega-tiuri movlenebi socializmis antipodia~ da sxv. periodu-lad ewyoboda radiomsmenelTa Sexvedrebi samarTaldamcavi organoebis warmomadgenlebTan (magaliTad, rusTavis meta-lurgiuli qarxnis muSebis Sexvedra Sinagan saqmeTa minis-trTan 1985 wlis 8 ianvars da Sexvedra respublikis proku-rorTan imave wlis 8 Tebervals).

1985-1989 wlebSi kvlav grZeldeboda yovelTviuri naxe-varsaaTiani samarTlebrivi programis `adamianisa da kanonis~ gadacema, romelic 1969 wlidan arsebobda (wamyvanebi — dimit-ri lobJaniZe da lili maisuraZe). 1990 wlidan igi yovelkvi-reuli gaxda. es gasagebicaa, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom gar-daqmna, pirvel yovlisa, samoqalaqo, samarTlebrivi saxelmwi-fos Camoyalibebas gulisxmobda. programis mTavari daniSnu-leba iyo samarTlebrivi normebisa da kanonproeqtebis propa-

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ganda, samarTaldarRvevebis SemTxvevebis gaSuqeba. studiaSi mowveuli samarTaldamcavi organoebis warmomadgenlebi sa-ubrobdnen saxelmwifoebriv institutebSi arsebul kanon-darRvevebze, respublikaSi momxdar danaSaulTa Sesaxeb da a.S.

1990 wlis bolomde kvlav iyo eTerSi yovelkvireuli ru-sulenovani radioJurnali `Tbilisi, baqo, erevani~, romel-sac rigrigobiT amzadebdnen saqarTvelos, somxeTisa da azerbaijanis radiostudiebi da erTdroulad gadaicemoda samive respublikis msmenelebisaTvis. 1985-1990 wlebSi aseve grZeldeboda gadacema meore rusulenovani Jurnalisa `sab-WoTa armiis meomrebisaTvis~. 1991 wlidan arc erTi aRar iyo eTerSi, magram maT Seenacvla axali rusulenovani programebi `speqtri~ da òrbita~. yovelkvireuli programa `speqtri~ ga-daicemoda 1 saaTis xangrZlivobiT, exeboda qveynis politi-kur, socialur-ekonomikur da kulturul movlenebs. prog-ramis mudmivi rubrika `politikuri dRiuri~ msmenelebs aw-vdida operatiul politikur informacias. gadacemaSi xSi-rad kiTxulobdnen Jurnal `literaturnaia gruziadan~ amok-rebil masalebs. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceoda Cveni qveynisa da ruseTis rogorc politikur, ise ekonomikur da kulturul urTierTobebs. programa mzaddeboda gacvliTi gadacemebis redaqciaSi.

45-wuTiani òrbita~ gadaicemoda TveSi erTxel. faqtob-rivad igi `Tbilisi, baqo, erevanis~ axal variants warmoadgen-da da erTdroulad gadaicemoda samive respublikaSi (avtori da wamyvani nataSa mdivani). òrbitaSi~ mimoixilavdnen erTi Tvis manZilze saqarTveloSi momxdar mniSvnelovan movlenebs — studiaSi iwvevdnen politikosebs, ekonomistebs, saerTaSo-riso mimomxilvelebs, politologebs da a.S. man mxolod 1991 wlis bolomde iarseba da roca sabolood gaformda sabWoTa kavSiris daSla, Sewyda respublikis radiostudiebs Soris programebis gacvlac.

propagandis mTavar Temebad kvlav rCeboda skkp yriloba da sxvadasxva saiubileo TariRi Tu mimdinare politikuri RonisZieba. magaliTad, 1986 wlis 21-24 Tebervals, skkp 27-e yrilobis Sesaxvedrad (igi 28 Tebervals gaixsna) moewyo Tema-turi radiodReebi: ìndustriuli saqarTvelo~, `saqarTve-

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los agromrewvi~, `saqarTvelos mecniereba~, `saqarTvelos kultura da xelovneba~. isic niSandoblivia, rom radioprog-ramirebis es Zveli forma ukanasknelad 20 wlis win, 1966 wels iyo eTerSi (maSin igi skkp 23-e yrilobas eZRvneboda). aseve re-liqtur formas warmoadgenda radiokonferencia 1987 wlis 14-20 aprils, romelzec ukve Catarebuli skkp 27-e yrilobis masalebi ganixileboda (sul Svidi 25-wuTiani gadacema). uf-ro adre kidev erTi Teoriuli radiokonferencia mieZRvna gardaqmnis periodSi qveyanaSi mimdinare demokratizaciis process — 1986 wlis 19-26 maisis kviraSi yoveldRiurad eTer-Si iyo TiTo 25-wuTiani gadacema.

Cveuli stiliT gaSuqda XIX sakavSiro partiuli konfe-rencia (1988w.). Seiqmna rubrikebi: `XIX sakavSiro partkonfe-renciis Sesaxvedrad~, `partkonferenciis tribuna~, `sakavSi-ro XIX partkonferencia~, `XIX partkonferencia: problemebi, amocanebi~, `partkonferencia da Cven~, `partkonferenciis kursiT~ da sxv.

didi oqtombris socialisturi revoluciis 70 wlisTav-Tan dakavSirebiT 1987 wlis ianvridan yovel kviradRes gadai-cemoda radiokompoziciis formis naxevarsaaTiani cikli `Sen axali saqarTvelo gqviano~ (mogvianebiT mas `mamuli Cemi~ ewoda). adrindeli msgavsi ciklebisagan igi mxolod imiT gan-sxvavdeboda, rom geografiuli ki ara, Tematuri principiT iyo agebuli — asaxavda sabWoTa saqarTvelos warmatebebs eko-nomikis, socialuri cxovrebis, kulturis sxvadasxva sfero-Si. amave TariRs mieZRvna `megobrobis radiofestivali~ — gai-marTa ukrainis, azerbaijanis, moldaveTis, belorusiis, es-toneTis, latviis, uzbekeTisa da tajikeTis radiodReebi (mo-kavSire respublikebis radiostudiebidan miRebuli da qar-Tulad Targmnili masalebis mixedviT).

tradiciul rubrikad darCa `deputatobis kandidatebi~, romelic yovelTvis gamoCndeboda xolme radios eTerSi umaRlesi sabWos arCevnebamde 1-2 TviT adre. ZiriTadad es iyo trafaretuli narkvevebis seria da masSi yvelaferze iyo saubari deputatis poziciisa da programis garda (rac mas arc sWirdeboda, radgan parlamenti erTpartiul sabWoTa sa-xelmwifoSi formalur struqturas warmoadgenda). 1985

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wels, magaliTad, am rubrikiT ianvarSi 14 da TebervalSi 13 narkvevi gadaica (Tavad arCevnebi martSi gaimarTa). gardaq-mnis wlebSi mas daemata oriode gadacema: `deputatobis kan-didatis platforma~ (1989, 6.03 — rogorc iqna, platformac axsenes), `deputatTa yrilobis Sesaxvedrad~ (1989, 15.03) da cikli `saxalxo deputatis tribuna~ (1989). mdgomareoba ram-denadme Seicvala mxolod gardaqmnis bolo wlebSi, roca xe-lisuflebam dasaSvebad miiCnia arCevnebze alternatiuli kandidatebis wamoyeneba. 1990 wlis seqtember-oqtomberSi mo-ewyo ramdenime gadacema saqarTveloSi pirveli mravalparti-uli arCevnebis Sesaxeb. 24 seqtembridan 22 oqtombris CaT-vliT ki eTerSi iyo yovelkvireuli 15-wuTiani rubrika `sa-qarTvelos centralur saarCevno komisiaSi~.

gardaqmnis bolo periodSi sazogadoebriv-politikuri mauwyebloba ufro operatiuli gaxda, uSualod daukavSirda mimdinare movlenebs. 1991 wels amgvari gadacemebis momzade-bis pirveli cda iyo erTsaaTiani programa `dro da movaleo-ba~. igi gadaicemoda kviraSi erTxel da monacvleobiT uZRve-bodnen Jurnalistebi: gulnaz gelovani (mTavari redaqtoris moadgile), magda mkervali, lia wiklauri. programa mraval-Temiani da mravalJanriani iyo — asaxavda politikuri, ekono-mikuri, socialuri, kulturuli cxovrebis siaxleebs, sazR-vargareTis axal ambebs da a.S. drodadro masSi saubrobdnen religiur Temebzec, studiaSi iwvevdnen sasuliero pirebs, aRniSnavdnen saeklesio dResaswaulebs.

calke unda gamoiyos mxatvrul-publicisturi radioar-xi `TanagrZnoba~, romelic 1989 wels Seiqmna `saqarTvelos usinaTloTa sazogadoebis gamgeobis prezidiumis TxovniTa da dafinansebiT~. igi pirvelad 25 marts gavida eTerSi, mag-ram male gascda usinaTloTa auditoriis sazRvrebs da far-To sazogadoebis didi interesi da mowoneba daimsaxura. am erTsaaTian personalur gadacemas, romelsac SesaniSnavi ra-dioJurnalisti medea gegeSiZe amzadebda, specialuri mora-lur-zneobrivi programis pretenzia ara hqonia, magram Tavi-si arsiT (SemTxveviT ar uwodebiaT misTvis `TanagrZnobis ar-xi~) adamianebis urTierTgagebis, maTi zneobis, rwmenis, keTi-li cxovrebiseuli principebis damkvidrebas emsaxureboda

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(sakmarisia davasaxeloT zogierTi rubrika: `mamebi da Svile-bi~, `Cven da zneobrioba~, radioklubi `Tvalsazrisi~ da sxva).

gardaqmnis wlebSi mauwyeblobis erT-erT ZiriTad mimar-Tulebad, ra Tqma unda, kvlav rCeboda ekonomikis sakiTxebis gaSuqeba. am sferos saxalxo meurneobis mTavari redaqcia, kerZod, soflis meurneobisa da mrewvelobis redaqciebi ga-nagebdnen (ufrosi redaqtorebi: dilar jvebenava da lamara esarTia). soflis meurneobis redaqciis tradiciuli rubrika `soflis dila~ 1985-1988 wlebSi yoveldRiurad (SabaT-kviris gamoklebiT) gadaicemoda eTerSi 10 wuTis xangrZlivobiT da ekonomikis garda socialur da kulturis sakiTxebsac moi-cavda. 1989 wlidan igi 20-wuTian programad gadakeTda da igi-ve perioduloba SeinarCuna, 1991 wels ki 30 wuTamde gaizarda da daerqva `lile~ (rac albaT ufro erovnul saxelad CaTva-les). programa `liles~ uZRvebodnen Jurnalistebi: dilar jvebenava, zurab maxaraZe, gela zedelaSvili, megi janeliZe, barbare benaSvili.

aqtiurad muSaobda gardaqmnis wlebSi mrewvelobis re-daqcia, Tumca bevri tradiciuli rubrika isev SemorCa eTer-Si: `sameurneo meqanizmi — problemebi, amocanebi~, `xuTwleds damkvreluri Sroma~ (1985), `sasursaTo programa moqmedeba-Si~ (1985, 1986); èkonomika ekonomiuri unda iyos~, `ganvixi-lavT saxelmwifo sawarmos kanonis proeqts~, Cveni kritikuli gadacemebis kvaldakval~ (1985-1987), `xuTwledis mSenebare obieqtebze~, `megobrebi gviziareben gamocdilebas~, `briga-da, efeqtianoba, problemebi~ (1985-1988); èkonomikuri mimo-xilva~ (1985-1991).

Tavidan, roca gardaqmnis ekonomikuri politika jer ki-dev gaurkveveli iyo, dainerga xarisxis saxelmwifo miRebis sistema (sawarmoebSi Seiqmna specialuri sakontrolo jgufe-bi, romlebic gamoSvebuli produqciis xarisxs amowmebdnen), rasac operatiulad mohyva isev axali radiorubrikebi: `sa-xelmwifo miReba — xarisxis garantia~ (1986-1988) da `xarisxi da efeqtianoba~ (1986). Semdgom, 1988 wels, Seiqmna yovelkvi-reuli rubrika èkonomika, pozicia, gardaqmna~ (1989 wlis me-ore naxevridan — èkonomika, gardaqmnis problemebi~), xolo 1990 wels — aseve yovelkvireuli èkonomikuri gardaqmnis

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problemebi~, cikli `mTavari mimarTuleba — ekonomikuri mar-Tvis srulyofa~ da sxv. (Zneli saTqmelia, axdenda Tu ara rai-me zegavlenas aseTi totaluri ekonomikuri propaganda sazo-gadoebrivi azris Camoyalibebaze — es aravis gamoukvlevia, magram saqarTvelos radios, rogorc komunikatoris mondo-meba, namdvilad ar iwvevs eWvs). SesaZlebelia, auditoriis ufro meti interesi gamoewvia saqarTvelos ekonomikuri da-moukideblobis sakiTxis ganxilvas, ris saSualebac demokra-tizaciis procesma Seqmna: `rogor gvesaxeba ekonomikuri da-moukidebloba~ (1989, 19. 07), `rogori iqneba damoukidebeli saqarTvelos ekonomika~ (1990. 3. 05), `damoukidebeli saqar-Tvelos ekonomikuri safuZvlebi~ (1990. 20. 07), `saqarTvelos ekonomikuri damoukideblobisaTvis~ (1990, 12. 10) da sxv.

1991 wels yovelkvireuli rubrika èkonomika — gardaq-mnis problemebi~ programad Camoyalibda da ewoda èkonomi-ka: Tvalsazrisi, problemebi~ (avtorebi: marika silagaZe da qeTevan TergiaSvili, uZRvebodnen: irine keSelava da qeTevan TergiaSvili). masSi sistematurad iyo rubrikebi: `sabazro ekonomika da kadrebi~, `sabazro ekonomika da adamianis faq-tori~, `xarisxi da isev xarisxi~, `biznesi da biznesmenebi~. programaSi CarTuli iyo `studia-dialogi~, sadac mowveuli specialistebi msjelobdnen ekonomikis aqtualur sakiTxeb-ze (biujetis deficiti, bazris problemebi da a.S.). yovelkvi-reulad mzaddeboda agreTve 15-wuTiani gadacemebi ekonomi-kur Temaze: ìqmneba sakuTari ekonomikuri sistema~, `saqar-Tvelos ekonomika da ganviTarebis axali modeli~, `privati-zacia, finansebi da samomavlo prognozi~, èkonomikuri saqmi-anoba samrewvelo saqmianobidan iwyeba~ da a.S.

amave wlis aprilidan pirvelad gavida eTerSi yovelkvi-reuli naxevarsaaTiani komerciuli radiogazeTi `bumerangi~. igi mzaddeboda sainformacio-musikaluri programebis re-daqciaSi, uZRvebodnen Jurnalistebi: dodo Sonava da lali bziaSvili. `bumerangSi~ mowveuli qarTveli da ucxoeli eko-nomistebi Tu biznesmenebi pirdapir eTerSi ganixilavdnen qveynis ekonomikur mdgomareobas, msjelobdnen privatizaci-aze, romelic saqarTveloSi maSin iwyeboda da msmenelTa did interess iwvevda — isini aqtiurad erTvebodnen gadacemis

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msvlelobaSi. programis xSiri stumrebi iyvnen mcire biznesis warmomadgenlebi — sxvadasxva axaldaarsebuli firmebis xel-mZRvanelebi, romlebic saubrobdnen TavianT saqmianobaze da reklamas uwevdnen sakuTar nawarms. saerTod, qarTuli pro-duqciis reklama `bumerangis~ erT-erTi ZiriTadi mizani iyo da didi adgili ekava programaSi, calkeul pirebs sakmaod iafad SeeZloT misi meSveobiT saTanado informaciis gavrceleba.

1991 wels xSirad iyo calkeuli gadacemebic ekonomikur Temaze: èkonomikis aRorZinebis gzebi~ (30. 07), `sabazro eko-nomika da problemebi~ (20. 02), ìqmneba sakuTari ekonomikuri sistema~ (20. 03), `reforma, kompensacia, problemebi~ da sxv.

saqarTvelos radios mxatvruli mauwyebloba 1985-1991 wlebSi tradiciulad moicavda literaturis, Teatrisa da musikis nawarmoebebs, maT Soris originalursac — radiospeq-taklebs (aqve ganvixilavT agreTve samwerlobo publicisti-kasac da literaturul-kritikul gadacemebs, romlebsac aseve amzadebdnen literaturuli gadacemebis ganyofilebaSi).

am periodSi literaturuli mauwyeblobis bade arsebi-Tad ar Secvlila — programaSi darCa bevri manamde arsebuli cikli da rubrika, cvlilebebi umTavresad maT Tematikasa da Sinaarss Seexo. kvlav gadaicemoda rubrikebi: `poeti mikro-fonTan~ (10 wuTi), da `poezia upirveles yovlisa!~ (5 wuTi), romelic kviraSi samjer radiomsmenelebs acnobda qarTuli da ucxouri poeziis saukeTeso nimuSebs mxatvruli kiTxvis ostatebis SesrulebiT. sxvadasxva periodulobiT eTerSi iyo rubrikebi: `megobroba gzad da xidad~ (1985, 1986), `moZme res-publikebis poezia~ (1988), `leqso, nu daikargebi!~ (xalxuri poeziis nimuSebi, 1985-1991). 1990 wels Seiqmna `radiodiqtor-Ta literaturuli saloni~ — maTi SesrulebiT mzaddeboda literaturul-musikaluri radiokompoziciebi rogorc poe-turi, ise prozauli nawarmoebebis mixedviT. prozauli nawar-moebebi agreTve gadaicemoda tradiciuli rubrikiT `lite-raturuli kiTxva~ (kviraSi 3-4-jer dRis saaTebSi, 20 wuTi). igi moicavda rogorc mxatvrul, ise publicistur da saganma-naTleblo xasiaTis gadacemebsac. magaliTad, 1989 wlis 9-12 ianvars oTxi gadacema daeTmo Teimuraz maRlaferiZis monog-rafias àrCil jorjaZes~. aseve, prozauli nawarmoebebis

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kiTxvas eTmoboda rubrikebi: `qarTveli mwerlebi xuTwledis mxardamxar~ (1985, 1986), àxali wignebi~ (1985-1987), àxali li-teraturuli Canawerebi~ (1985-1987), àxali Targmanebi~ (1985-1989), `moZme respublikebis proza~ (1989). 1988-1991 wlebSi qarTuli klasikuri literaturisa da qarTuli sabWoTa li-teraturis aRiarebul nawarmoebebs aerTianebda rubrika `Cveni literaturuli memkvidreoba~. met-naklebi periodu-lobiT funqcionirebda rubrika `mwerali mikrofonTan~, amasTan, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, arc avtoriseuli kiTxva Semoifargleboda mxolod mxatvruli nawarmoebebiT. daviT aRmaSeneblis 900 wlisTavis saiubileo periodSi cnobili mwe-rali da kritikosi jansuR Rvinjilia or-naxevari Tvis man-Zilze — 1988 wlis noembris Sua ricxvebidan 1989 wlis Teber-vlamde — kiTxulobda mikrofonTan Tavis vrcel eseis `suli aRmaSenebeli~ (momzadda daaxloebiT 40-mde gadacema).

ra Tqma unda, radioSi aseTi xangrZlivi patriotuli se-rialis gamoCena bevrad ganapiroba qveyanaSi arsebulma mdgo-mareobam — erovnuli moZraobis aRmavlobam. erovnul Temas daukavSirda saqarTvelos radioSi 1987 wlis ianvar-Teber-valSi akaki SaniZis 100 wlisTavis sazeimo aRniSvna da gansa-kuTrebiT ki ilia WavWavaZis dabadebis 150 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili gadacemebi. saqarTvelos erovnul-ganmaTavisuf-lebeli moZraobis pirveli lideris iubilem am periodSi gan-sakuTrebuli elferi SeiZina. farTod gaSuqda i. WavWavaZis mravalmxrivi sazogadoebrivi da samwerlo moRvaweoba, misi didi gavlena saqarTvelos cxovrebis yvela sferoze, erov-nuli cnobierebis aRorZinebasa da Camoyalibebaze. jer kidev 2 wliT adre, 1985 wlis martidan daiwyo gadacemebis cikli ìlia WavWavaZis saiubileod~, xolo 1986 wlis ianvridan Seiqmna rubrika `marad da yvelgan, saqarTvelov, me var SenTana~. am rubrikiT iubilemde 40-ze meti gadacema momzadda (saiubi-leo saRamos translacia filarmoniis didi darbazidan 23 oqtombers moewyo).

inerciiT kvlav ganagrZobda arsebobas 1988 wlis bolom-de rubrika `satiris maxviliT~. rogorc wina TavSi aRiniSna, igi ZiriTadad rusulidan Targmnil pamfletebs moicavda da àmaTraxebda~ kapitalistur sinamdviles, magram `gardaq-

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mnis~ 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi damokidebuleba am sinamdvilisadmi sagrZnoblad Serbilda da rubrikac gauqmda. samagierod 1991 wlis bolomde gaZlo iumoristulma programam `mxiarul talRaze~ (saerTo jamSi man 28 weli iarseba). 1988 wels mas da-emata axali iumoristuli programa `uRimilod nu moismenT~ — TiToeuli maTgani TveSi erTxel gadaicemoda 30 wuTis xan-grZlivobiT. `mxiarul talRaze~ moicavda mxatvrul da do-kumentur masalebs. studiaSi modiodnen iumoristi mwerlebi da msaxiobebi, romlebic kiTxulobdnen sasacilo leqsebsa da moTxrobebs. zogjer mTeli programa eZRvneboda romelime erT Temas an pirovnebas. am dros igi gadioda saxelwodebiT — `gTxovT mobrZandeT~. programaSi `uRimilod nu moismenT~ (zogjer mas cvlida `SabaT saRamos~ an `satira da iumori~) CarTuli iyo xalisiani interviuebi da reportaJebi. studia-Si mowveuli cnobili qarTveli parodistebi, komikosi-msaxi-obebi, sxva SemoqmedebiTi profesiis adamianebi yvebodnen anekdotebs da sasacilo ambebs Tavisi cxovrebidan, kiTxu-lobdnen iumoristul nawarmoebebs da a.S. programas hqonda mudmivi rubrikebi: `parodiis parodia~, `mxiaruli kaleidos-kopi — ramdenime wuTi RimilisaTvis~ da sxv.

1988 wlis 9 ianvars pirvelad gavida eTerSi axali sazoga-doebriv-literaturuli (rogorc acxadebdnen) programa `droeba~. igi drois gamoZaxili, drois moTxovna da, garkveu-li azriT, drois produqtic iyo. arc is yofila SemTxveviTi, rom radioprograma imeorebda me-19 saukunis erovnuli mi-marTulebis cnobili gazeTis saxelwodebas. qveyanaSi mimdi-nare demokratizaciis procesma aSkarad warmoaCina socia-listuri sazogadoebis mTeli uazroba da uperspeqtivoba, erovnuli moZraoba Zalas ikrebda, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlam-de samiode weli iyo darCenili da `droebam~ Tavis miznad da-isaxa erovnuli cnobierebis gaRviveba, sazogadoebrivi mov-lenebis axsna da Sefaseba axali, demokratiuli poziciebidan, rac man ZiriTadad ganaxorciela kidec. qarTuli radioJur-nalistikis istoriaSi `droeba~ darCeba rogorc yvelaze meb-rZoli publicistur-mxatvruli programa, romelmac Tavisi Tamami gamosvlebiT (igi xSirad uTmobda mikrofons erovnu-li moZraobis warmomadgenlebs) xeli Seuwyo erovnul gamof-

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xizlebas da saqarTveloSi demokratiuli azrovnebis dam-kvidrebas. amaSi didi wvlili miuZRvis literaturuli re-daqciis mTel koleqtivs: zurab kandelaks, Tamaz xmalaZes, maia wereTels, zina mWedlurs, nana amiranaSvils da sxv. weli-wad-naxevari `droeba~ gadaicemoda yovel SabaTs, Tormet sa-aTze, 45 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. 1989 wlis meore naxevridan man erTi saaTi daikava paraskevs, 18 saaTze da meordeboda Sa-baTs, 10 saaTze, iTvleboda saqarTvelos radios erT-erT yvelaze popularul programad.

`droebis~ warmatebas da avtoritets didad ganapirobeb-da samwerlo publicistika. tradiciulad qarTveli mwerle-bi met-naklebi periodulobiT, magram sistematurad exmaure-bodnen cxovrebis aqtualur movlenebs. grZeldeboda cikli `mwerali da cxovreba~. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia 1991 wlis mais-ivnisSi am ciklis 7 gadacema saerTo saxelwodebiT `mdu-Rare mdinare~ (mikrofonTan mwerali merab elioziSvili). gardaqmnis procesebis ganviTarebam axali imedebi warmoSva da bevri mwerali aqtiurad monawileobda ara marto `droeba-Si~, aramed calkeul gadacemebsac amzadebda. auditoriis di-di interesi gamoiwvia mwerlebis publicisturma gamosvleb-ma: `qarTuli mwerloba da gardaqmnis problemebi~ (studiaSi guram fanjikiZe da elizbar javeliZe — 1987, 22.06), `gardaq-mnis procesi perspeqtivaa~ (jansuR Rvinjilia — 1988, 27.06), `monologi dialogidan~ (oTar WilaZe — 1988, 6,13.03), `dialo-gi akaki baqraZesTan~ (1988, 21.03), `dialogi muxran maWavarian-Tan~ (1989, 12.04) da sxv. saerTod, rubrika `dialogi mweral-Tan~, romelic 1988 wels Seiqmna, warmatebuli nabiji iyo qar-Tul radiopublicistikaSi (SesaZloa, amanac ganapiroba mog-vianebiT literaturul-publicisturi rubrikis `litera-tura da sxva~ warmoSoba, romelic aseve studiaSi mowveul pirTan Jurnalistis dialogs emyareboda).

maRali profesionalizmiT gamoirCeoda yovelkvireuli rubrika `publicistis sityva~, romelic cnobili qarTveli mwerlebis gamosvlebs moicavda. gamosvlebi seriuli xasiaTi-sa iyo da TiToeuli ramdenime kviras grZeldeboda. 1989 wels, magaliTad, am rubrikiT gamovidnen Tamaz WilaZe, vano CxikvaZe, Tedo beqiSvili, jansuR Rvinjilia, merab elioziS-

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vili da sxv. aseve, unda aRiniSnos jansuR Rvinjilias publi-cisturi seriali `uRmerTobis xana~ ciklidan `qarTveli ka-cis sinamdvile~, romelic 1991 wlis ianvar-maisSi gadaica (5 gadacema).

1988-1991 wlebSi isev ganaxlda 1981-1984 wlebis popula-ruli cikli `zneobrioba da qarTuli mwerloba~. eTerSi gavi-da 16 gadacema, maT Soris gadacema g. asaTianis wignidan `sa-TaveebTan~ da a. baqraZis werilebi `zneobrivi gmiri~ da `pa-tiosneba~. Tumca cikli literaturul-kritikuli xasiaTisa iyo, mas didi publicisturi datvirTvac hqonda. aseve, mxo-lod literaturuli daniSnuleba ar hqonia prof. levan me-nabdis saavtoro cikls `rusTaveli msoflio literaturaSi~, romelic 1984 wels daiwyo da 1985-1986 wlebSic grZeldeboda.

mxatvrul-publicistur mimarTulebas warmoadgenda ag-reTve narkvevebi Tu radiokompoziciebi mwerlebsa da xelov-nebis sxva dargebis moRvaweebze, rac saqarTvelos radioSi didi xnidan iRebs saTaves da am wlebSiac grZeldeboda. maga-liTad, 1989 wlis 6 agvistos rubrika `SemoqmedebiTi portre-tebi~ daeTmo msaxiob akaki vasaZes, 1991 wlis 24 ivniss cikliT `dabrunebuli saxelebi~ naxevarsaaTiani gadacema mieZRvna mweral grigol robaqiZes. kvlav gadaicemoda SesaniSnavi ra-dioJurnalistis lamara kikilaSvilis saavtoro cikli `gau-xunar ferTa eqo~, romelic iSviaTi Canawerebis fondis unika-lur masalebs emyareboda da marTlac gauxunar da waruval Rirebulebebze esaubreboda radiomsmenelebs. 1991 wels am cikliT gadaica: 26 ivniss — pavle ingoroyvas xmis Canawerebi, 11 ivliss — geronti qiqoZis xmis Canawerebi, 28 agvistos — levan goTuas xmis Canawerebi (ase cxaddeboda nabeWd programaSic).

dramatulma mauwyeblobam 1985-1991 wlebSi wina periodSi arsebuli TiTqmis yvela rubrika SeinarCuna. yovelkvireu-lad iyo eTerSi `Teatri mikrofonTan~ (dramatuli da saope-ro speqtaklebis pirdapiri translaciebi an satranslacio Canawerebi), `scenis ostatebi~ (10 wT.), `scenebi speqtaklebi-dan~ (sxvadasxva qronometraJiT) da a.S. magram igrZnoboda iseTi gadacemis saWiroeba, romelic qarTuli Teatris Tana-medrove mdgomareobas, mis problemebs ganixilavda. am mizniT 1986 wels Seiqmna programa `Teatri da cxovreba~, romelic

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1990 wlis bolomde TveSi erTxel gadaicemoda 1 saaTis mocu-lobiT. programa Seicavda reportaJebs Teatraluri movle-nebis Sesaxeb, interviuebs Teatris moRvaweebTan, Teat-rmcodneebis, reJisorebis, msaxiobebis gamosvlebs, recenzi-ebs, nawyvetebs speqtaklebidan da a.S. (avtorebi: Sovina qaca-rava da manana TevzaZe). 1991 wlidan programa 2-saaTiani gaxda — gaizarda gadacemaSi speqtaklis Canawerebis wili. 1990 wels amave mizniT kinoxelovnebis Sesaxeb Seiqmna erTsaaTiani yo-velkvireuli programa `kino sxvadasxva rakursiT~ (avtori l. ZiZiguri).

1985-1991 wlebSi intensiurad viTardeboda qarTuli ra-dioTeatri, iqmneboda axali radiospeqtaklebi da sistematu-rad amdidrebda kviris programas. grZeldeboda Zveli tra-dicia da 1987 wlis ianvar-oqtomberSi didi oqtombris socia-listuri revoluciis 70 wlisTavisaTvis moewyo radiodad-gmebis festivali. qarTuli radioTeatri xelovnebis TviT-myofad da maRalprofesiul mimarTulebad Camoyalibda. gan-sakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos saqarTvelos radios mTavari re-Jisorisa da mravali radiospeqtaklis damdgmelis zurab kan-delakis warmateba. misma saavtoro radiospeqtaklma `bevri ram aris horacio...~ 1991 wels radiospeqtaklebis pirvel sa-kavSiro festivalze moskovSi mTavari prizi daimsaxura.

dramatuli, saopero da radiospeqtaklebis programaSi damkvidreba ukavSirdeba radios audiofonds, romelic aR-niSnul periodSic sakmaod aqtiurad gamoiyeneboda mauwyeb-lobis gasamdidreblad. 1987 wlis bolomde ganagrZobda ar-sebobas rubrika `Cveni iSviaTi Canawerebi~, aseve grZeldebo-da rubrikebi: `radios fondidan~ (literaturuli Canawere-bi) da `arqivis fondebidan~ (am rubrikiT, magaliTad, 1988 wlis 24 ivliss gadaica ivane javaxiSvilis, xolo 16 seqtem-bers simon Ciqovanis audioCanawerebi). `Cveni iSviaTi Canawe-rebi~ yovel SabaTs gadaicemoda naxevari saaTis xangrZlivo-biT. aqedan yovelTviurad ori SabaTi dadgmebsa da litera-turul Canawerebs eTmoboda, danarCeni ori ki — musikas (aRar gavagrZelebT imaze msjelobas, rom pirdapiri translacie-bis gamoklebiT mTeli musikaluri mauwyebloba radios audi-ofondSi Senaxul Canawerebzea damyarebuli).

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1985 wels yovel kviradRes momavali kviris musikalur programas anonsis saxiT acnobda radiomsmenelebs mimoxil-vis formis `musikaluri radioafiSa~. grZeldeboda tradici-uli rubrikebi klasikuri da Tanamedrove musikis Sesaxeb: `gamoCenili qarTveli musikos-Semsruleblebi~ (1985), `gamo-Cenili musikos-Semsruleblebi~ (1985-1991), `msoflios musi-kaluri xelovnebis saganZuridan~ (1985-1991), `Cveni axali Ca-nawerebi~ (1985-1991, rogorc qarTuli, ise sazRvargareTuli musikis), prof. nodar andRulaZis saavtoro programa `msof-lios saopero scenis varskvlavebi~ (1985, 1988-1991), àxal-gazrdebis Semoqmedeba~ (1985-1991). 1990 wels Seiqmna rubri-kebi: `XX saukunis musikis panorama~ da `musika da Tanamedro-veoba~ (avtori — marika CijavaZe). 1991 wels ki pirvelad gavi-da eTerSi yovelkvireuli 1-saaTiani rubrika `50 opera~ da programa `saSemsruleblo xelovneba — fenomenebi, virtuo-zebi~, romelic msmenelebs acnobda gamoCenil pianistebs, me-violineebs, diriJorebs da a.S. ìuneskos~ gadawyvetilebiT 1991 weli gamocxadda mocartis wlad (Sesrulda misi dabade-bis 235 da gardacvalebis 200 wlisTavi). amasTan dakavSirebiT musikaluri redaqcia TveSi orjer, kviradReobiT, gadascem-da radios iSviaTi Canawerebis fondSi dacul mocartis na-warmoebebs: operebs, simfoniuri, instrumentuli da kameru-li musikis koncertebs, safortepiano nawarmoebebs. radiom srulad gaaSuqa agreTve am periodSi mowyobili ori musika-luri festivali: `biWvinTis festivali — `Ramis serenadebi~ (1988) da `Telavis musikaluri Semodgoma~ — `qeba vazisa~ (1989).

gardaqmnis procesi ufro metad Seexo saestrado da msu-buqi musikis programebs. bevri forma Tu mimarTuleba (anda Semsrulebeli), romelic manamde, rbilad rom vTqvaT, `reko-mendebuli ar iyo~, farTod warmoCinda eTerSi (dRes SeiZle-ba sasaciloa, magram 70-iani wlebis meore naxevramde radios zogierT xelmZRvanels `biTlzi~ salanZRav sityvad miaCnda, 1977 wels ki TbilisSi stumrad myofma erTma moskovelma aka-demikosma, romelmac SemTxveviT satelevizio gadacema ès-trada da Tanamedroveoba~ naxa, partiis centralur komitet-Si aRSfoTebuli werili gagzavna — sabWoTa axalgazrdobas ryvniano — da televiziis musikaluri programebis mTavar re-

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daqtors sastiki sayveduri gamoucxades). saestrado musikis rubrikebis erTi nawili 1985-1991

wlebSic ganagrZobda arsebobas. 1989 wlis bolomde — oci we-li iyo eTerSi `dilis koncerti~, romelic xuTSabaTisa da kviradRis garda yoveldRe gadaicemoda 7 saaTsa da 30 wuTze. 13 weli — 1991 wlis bolomde, paraskevisa da kviris garda, 18.10-dan 19.00-mde yoveldRiurad iyo eTerSi `melodia, rit-mi, ganwyobileba~. 1985-1987 wlebSi kviraSi oTxi dRe ekava rubrikas `melodiidan melodiamde~ (bolos mas `qarTuli es-tradis melodiebi~ ewoda). 1985-1990 wlebSi maT daemata yo-velkvireuli `musikaluri kinokaleidoskopi~, Semdeg ki Ra-mis programebi: 1990 wlis maisidan — `roki naSuaRamevs~ (yo-vel kviradRes, 24 saaTze — wamyvani darejan guliaSvili) da dekembridan — `jazis saaTi~ (yovel paraskevs, 24 saaTze — wam-yvani gela leJava). 1991 wels Seiqmna koncerti-saubris for-mis gadacema `Tqveni diskoTekisaTvis~, romelic yovelkvire-ulad gadaicemoda 45 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. igi moicavda sa-estrado da msubuqi musikis nawarmoebebs. TiToeuli gamoSve-ba eZRvneboda romelime momRerals an musikalur jgufs. wam-yvani darejan guliaSvili auditorias mouTxrobda maT cxov-rebasa da Semoqmedebaze, asmeninebda maT mier Sesrulebul simRerebs da a.S. igi uZRveboda agreTve programas `roki — smoki da...~, romelsac enacvleboda `koncerti eqvs saaTze~ (erTgvari winamorbedi musikaluri gadacemisa `alo, gismenT 59 da 9~ — wamyvanebi: manana xvedeliZe, giorgi Tofuria, vax-tang babunaSvili, nana SalikaSvili, jimSer iaSvili).

1985-1991 wlebSi aseve grZeldeboda xalxuri Semoqmede-bis tradiciuli koncertebis gadacema: `qarTuli xalxuri musika~, `qarTuli xalxuri simRerebi~, `qalaquri hangebi~, msoflios sxvadasxva xalxTa musika da simRerebi da a.S. 1985-1989 wlebSi yovel diliT gadaicemoda `Cveni mTa-baris hange-bi~, 1989 wels kvira diliT — `koncerti soflis meurneobis muSakTaTvis~ (Sereuli xasiaTis) da sxv.

aseve grZeldeboda 1990 wlis bolomde kviradReobiT `me-gobrobis koncertis~ rigrigobiT gadacema Tbilisidan, baqo-dan da erevnidan, `koncerti radiomsmenelTa TxovniT~, radi-omimoxilva: `Tbilisis sakoncerto darbazebsa da Teatreb-

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Si~, radioJurnali `Cangi~, romelic mimoixilavda ganvlili Tvis musikaluri cxovrebis yvelaze mniSvnelovan movlenebs.

bevri tradiciuli rubrika SemorCa 1985-1991 wlebSi sa-ganmanaTleblo mauwyeblobas. aseve tradiciulad, saganma-naTleblo mauwyebloba mWidrod ukavSirdeboda samecniero publicistikas — samecniero-popularuli codnis gavrcele-basTan erTad sistematuri yuradReba eqceoda mimdinare sa-mecniero cxovrebas, mecnierebis aqtualuri problemebis ganxilvas, mecnieruli miRwevebis warmoebaSi danergvas da a.S. aseTi ormagi daniSnulebis TvalsaCino dadastureba iyo yovelTviuri naxevarsaaTiani radioJurnali `mecnierebisa da teqnikis samyaroSi~, romelsac 1988 wlidan `mecniereba da teqnikuri progresi~ ewoda. 1991 wlidan igi 20-wuTiani gaxda da yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda eTerSi — uxvad iZleoda in-formacias saqarTvelos mecnierTa miRwevebze, axal gamogo-nebebze, warmoebaSi mecnierul siaxleTa danergvaze, saxalxo meurneobis kompiuterizaciaze, respublikaSi mcire hesebis mSeneblobaze da sxv. (avtorebi: mTavari redaqtoris moadgi-le nanuli WavWaniZe da redaqtori irine keSelava). aseve, 80-iani wlebis bolomde gadaicemoda rubrikebi: `mecnieri mikro-fonTan~, `Sexvedra mecnierTan~, `mecnierebi mrgval magidas-Tan~, `mecnierebis horizontebi~ da sxv.

wina wlebTan SedarebiT ufro aqtualuri gaxda ekologi-is Tema. 1985 wels ganaxlda rubrika `adamiani da garemo~, ro-melic 1987-1991 wlebSi TiTqmis yovelkvireulad gadaicemo-da 15-20 wuTis moculobiT (wamyvani barbare benaSvili). igi, wminda saganmanaTleblo informaciis garda, reportaJebs, korespondenciebsa da narkvevebsac Seicavda (magaliTad, sa-qarTvelos nakrZalebze, bunebis dacvis muSakebis saqmianoba-ze da a.S.). 1991 wels mas daemata `ekologiuri radioprogra-mis~ ramdenime gamoSvebac (20 wuTi).

isev iyo eTerSi ukve 20 wlis istoriis mqone yovelTviuri naxevarsaaTiani radioJurnali `janmrTeloba~ (wamyvanebi — gulnara arobeliZe da asmaT barsoniZe), romelic 1988 wlidan 20 wuTamde Semcirda da yovelkvireuli gaxda — igi praqti-kul samedicino rCevebTan erTad publicistur masalebsac moicavda janmrTelobis dacvis sakiTxebze. wminda saganma-

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naTleblo xasiaTisa iyo rubrika `janmrTeli rom viyoT~, ro-melic specialistebs eTmoboda. 1987 wlis CaTvliT igi sxva-dasxva periodulobiT gadaicemoda, 1988 wlidan ki — yovel-kvireulad (10-15 wuTi).

ZiriTadad saganmanaTleblo xasiaTi hqonda yovelkvire-ul 15-wuTian rubrikas `sadReiso Temaze~ (1991 weli), romel-Sic Tavs iyrida erTTemiani gadacemebi sxvadasxva saxelwode-biT: `kanoni da sazogadoeba~, `saarCevno komisiaSi~, `centra-lur saarCevno komisiaSi~ da a.S. isini msmenelebs acnobdnen sazogadoebis interesebis dacvis samarTlebriv gzebs, adami-anis uflebaTa xelSeuxeblobis principebs da sxv. studiaSi mowveuli specialistebi pasuxobdnen msmenelTa SekiTxvebs, aZlevdnen maT rCeva-darigebebs (wamyvani — vaxtang dvali).

publicisturTan erTad saganmanaTleblo da utilita-ruli datvirTva hqonda programebs `maTTvis, vinc gzaSia~ (wamyvani — zezva zviadauri) da `mxolod qalebisaTvis~, ro-melsac `pikis saaTis~ saredaqcio jgufi amzadebda (nana ja-fariZe, marika darCia, manana laWyepiani, irine marRania, nino zautaSvili, nino ramiSvili) — orive maTgans 1991 wels Caeya-ra safuZveli. rogorc vxedavT, `pikis saaTis~ avtorebi mxo-lod operatiuli informaciiT aRar Semoifarglebian. garda am programisa da zemoaRniSnuli `bumerangisa~, 1991 wlidan maTi egidiT gadioda eTerSi mxatvrul-saganmanaTleblo prog-rama `kviraZals~ (avtori da wamyvani qeTevan sadRobelaSvili).

ra Tqma unda, Tavisi adgili hqonda daTmobili socia-lur-aRmzrdelobiTi xasiaTis saganmanaTleblo gadacemebs. 1987 wlamde iyo eTerSi `didebi da patarebi~, 1988 wlidan mas daemata rubrika `aRvuzardoT mamulsa Svili~. kvlav aqtiu-rad emsaxureboda radiomsmenelebis (gansakuTrebiT axal-gazrda Taobis) patriotul aRzrdas mweral vaxtang WeliZis saganmanaTleblo cikli `saqarTvelos istoria — gmirebi da movlenebi~ (yovel kviras, 25-30 wuTi). garda amisa, 1991 wels yovelkvireulad eTerSi iyo naxevarsaaTiani seriuli gadace-ma saqarTvelos istoriis sxvadasxva periodze. magaliTad, jer gadaicemoda `cxovreba solomon meorisa~ (avtori — viq-tor qoriZe), xolo 22 aprilidan daiwyo axali Tema — `saqar-Tvelos kultura 1918-1921 wlebSi~.

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1991 wlis maisSi eTerSi pirvelad gavida Tamaz xmalaZis yovelkvireuli saavtoro programa `enai Semkuli da kurTxe-uli~ (45 wuTis xangrZlivobiT). igi ukavSirdeboda qarTuli enis, rogorc saxelmwifo enis, statusis amaRlebas, mis dRe-vandel mdgomareobas, ganixilavda misi rogorc mecnieruli Seswavlis, ise praqtikuli gamoyenebis problemebs.

rac Seexeba wminda saswavlo daniSnulebis gadacemebs, sa-qarTvelos radio 60-iani wlebidan am mxriv didi mravalfe-rovnebiT ar gamoirCeoda (es funqcia televiziam aiRo Tavis Tavze gansakuTrebiT intensiurad 70-iani wlebis more naxev-ridan). grZeldeboda erTaderTi saswavlo cikli — `rusuli enis SemswavlelTaTvis~ (yovel kviras, 20 wuTi), romelsac 1989 wels daemata aseve yovelkvireuli 35-wuTiani cikli `vi-sac qarTuli enis Seswavla surs~ (Tumca am periodulobiT enis Seswavla saeWvo Cans da ufro valis mosaxdeladaa prog-ramaSi Casmuli). saswavlo TvalsazrisiT ufro realuri iyo cikli `visac inglisuri enis Seswavla surs~. mas sabavSvo re-daqcia amzadebda da yoveldRiurad gadaicemoda eTerSi, gar-da kviradRisa, adrian diliT, 20 wuTis xangrZlivobiT, gvian saRamos ki meordeboda.

rogorc adre aRvniSneT, gardaqmnis bolo wlebSi, roca cenzura gauqmda, masobrivi informaciis saSualebebSi tabu moexsna religiur Temas. es Tavdapirvelad gamoixata calke-uli gadacemebiTa da didi saeklesio dResaswaulebis tran-slaciiT, 1991 wlidan ki pirvelad gavida eTerSi naxevarsaa-Tiani religiuri programa `mwyemsi keTili~ (avtori — Tina-Tin kobalaZe, wamyvani — TinaTin elbaqiZe). Semdeg igi yovel kviradRes gadaicemoda 10 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. programis upirveles mizans Seadgenda religiuri codnis gavrceleba, rac 70 wlis manZilze akrZaluli iyo, da saqarTveloSi mar-Tlmadidebluri rwmenis aRorZineba. SemdegSi es Tema saqar-Tvelos radioSi kidev ufro gafarTovda, magram am mokrZa-lebul dasawyiss ukve udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda — ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom es xdeboda aTeistur saxelmwifoSi, saqar-Tvelo jer kidev sabWoTa kavSiris SemadgenlobaSi imyofeboda.

gardaqmnis procesebma SesamCnevi gavlena iqonia sabavSvo da axalgazrdul mauwyeblobaze. marTalia es gavlena sakma-

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od neli tempiT Zlierdeboda (ise, rogorc saerTod radioSi, rasac zemoT aRniSnuli mizezebi ganapirobebda), magram Tan-daTan icvleboda aRzrdis is orientirebi, romlebic mauwy-eblobis am sferoSi aTeuli wlebis manZilze uryevad iyo miC-neuli (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs komunisturi aRzrdis funqciebi da meTodebi).

Tumca bevri sabavSo rubrika 1985-1991 wlebSi isev rCebo-da programaSi, maTi Tematika da ideuri mimarTuleba garkve-ul cvlilebebs ganicdida. ra Tqma unda, es naklebad Seexo iseT rubrikebs, rogoricaa: `radiosadguri cicinaTela~, `Zi-lispiruli~, `mogzauroba codnis samyaroSi~, radiomimoxil-va `norCi leninelis furclebze~ (romelic 1985 wels Sewyda), anda `koncerti ymawvilTaTvis~ Tu `musikis saaTi bavSvebi-saTvis~. magram TandaTan gansxvavebuli xasiaTisa gaxda: `wig-nis Taro~ (1985-1991), `wignis samyaroSi~ (1989), `Seni bavSvobis Tanamgzavri~ (1985-1989), `mwerali, romelsac unda icnobdeT~ (1985-1989) da gansakuTrebiT: `radiosadguri — `siymawvilis Tanamgzavri~ (1985-1988), `yvelas safiqrali da sazrunavi (1985-1991), ̀ sadiskusio radioklubi — Cveni cxovrebis anbani~ (1987).

am periodSi erTgvar nonsenss warmoadgenda radiogazeTi `saqarTvelos pioneri~, sadac bavSvebi, rogorc wesi, ufro-sebis mier cudad daweril (yalb, paTetikur) teqstebs kiTxu-lobdnen, xolo `norCi diqtorebis~ ena arafriT gansxvavde-boda oficialuri cnobebis enisagan. es mdgomareoba sabolo-od Seicvala mxolod 1989 wels, roca `saqarTvelos pioneris~ sakvirao gamoSvebis nacvlad Seiqmna saymawvilo programa `cxra-naxevari~ (igi diliT, 9 saaTsa da 30 wuTze gadaicemoda). `cxra-naxevari~ naklebad politizebuli, publicistur-sa-ganmanaTleblo programa iyo, uamrav saintereso informaci-as Seicavda da, rac mTavaria, mas redaqtorebi (Jurnalistebi lali WaniSvili, dodo iaSvili) uZRvebodnen, romlebic eTer-Si esaubrebodnen bavSvebs Tu ufrosebs da mTel gadacemas im-provizaciul xasiaTs aZlevdnen. 1990 wels `saqarTvelos pio-neris~ ori danarCeni gamoSvebac gauqmda da maTi adgili dai-kava saymawvilo publicisturma programam `dila mSvidobi-sa!~ (`saqarTvelos pioneri~ erTaderTi radiogazeTi iyo uka-naskneli 12 wlis manZilze da mis gauqmebasTan erTad mauwyeb-

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lobis es moZvelebuli formac sabolood gaqra saqarTvelos radios programidan). `dila mSvidobisa!~ yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (wamyvanebi — irma xarSi-laZe, rusudan varZiaSvili). masSi ganixileboda skolis cxovre-bis sxvadasxva aspeqti, CarTuli iyo interviuebi moswavleeb-Tan, romlebic saubrobdnen saswavlo sagnebze, maswavleb-lebTan urTierTobaze, gamocdebze, ardadegebze da sxv. ga-daicemoda reportaJebi respublikis sxvadasxva skolidan. rubrikaSi `gacnoba~ stumrad iwvevdnen norC Semoqmedebs da a.S.

1991 wels met-naklebi periodulobiT, magram mainc grZel-deboda gadacema wina wlebis rubrikisa `mozardi — yvelas sa-fiqrali da sazrunavi~ (avtori da wamyvani — durmiSxan gri-golaSvili). masSi ganixilavdnen im mizezebs, romlebic ubiZ-gebda bavSvebs danaSaulis Cadenisaken, msjelobdnen, ra unda gaekeTebina sazogadoebas mozardis gadasarCenad. studiaSi xSirad iwvevdnen sasuliero pirs, romelic saubrobda damna-Save bavSvebis gamosworebis gzebze (rubrikebi: `saubrebi be-rebTan~, `monasteri da danaSaulis profilaqtika~ da sxv.). sa-erTod, am periodidan sabavSvo mauwyeblobaSi Tavis adgils ikavebs religiuri Tematikac — 1991 wels cikliT `vkiTxu-lobT axal aRTqmas~ 12 gadacema moewyo.

ramdenadme gafarTovda erovnuli Tematikac, Seiqmna rubrikebi: `ras gviambobs istoria (1985), `moviare saqarTve-lo~ (1987), `saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi~ (1990), saganma-naTleblo-publicisturi gadacema: `grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~(1990, 28.09).

sabavSvo mauwyeblobaSi TiTqmis ar yofila saubari Tavad gardaqmnis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb, SesaZlebelia imitomac, rom demokratizaciis procesSi propagandaze Sexedulebebic Seicvala da saWirod aRar CaiTvala bavSvebisaTvis yvela po-litikuri movlenis axsna-ganmarteba. am Temas mieZRvna mxo-lod erTi gadacema `sajaroobis gakveTilebi~ (1988, 8.01). es miT ufro SesamCnevia, rom sabavSvo redaqcia specialuri rubrikebiT yovelTvis exmaureboda mimdinare politikur movlenebs. gardaqmnis pirvel wlebSic ki iyo SemorCenili aseTi rubrikebi: `meridiani — me-11 xuTwledi~ (1985) da `meri-diani — me-12 xuTwledi~ (1986).

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saerTod, sagrZnobia kursis Secvla politikidan ganaT-lebisaken, zogadsakacobrio kulturuli Rirebulebebis gacnobisaken. 1985-1987 wlebSi sistematurad iyo eTerSi cik-li — `kompiuteri azrovnebs, kompiuteri moqmedebs~. 1991 wels Seiqmna rubrika `gza mSvenierebisaken~, romelsac male ewoda `cxovreba xelovnebaSi~. es iyo 30-wuTiani radiokompo-ziciebi, romlebic eZRvneboda xelovnebas — mxatvrebsa da moqandakeebs: `marto iyo da marto xatavda — firosmani~, `la-do gudiaSvili~, `ogiust rodeni~, `peter paul rubensi~ da sxv. (avtori anzor gelaSvili).

bolo 30 wlis manZilze sabavSvo redaqcias ar hqonia arc erTi saswavlo xasiaTis gadacema anda cikli, romelic ramde-nadme mainc ukavSirdeboda saskolo programas. erTaderTi aseTi cikli aRmoCnda `saubrebi uaxles qarTul literatu-raze~, romelic 1989 wlis oqtombridan 1990 wlis pirveli na-xevris CaTvliT yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda eTerSi 20-25 wuTis moculobiT. cikls uZRveboda kritikosi da publicis-ti nodar grigalaSvili (safiqrebelia, rom saqarTvelos ra-dios programaSi aseTi gadacemis gamoCena swored skolaSi uaxlesi qarTuli literaturis axleburad swavlis aucileb-lobiT iyo gamowveuli).

rogorc aRvniSneT, pirveli erovnuli xelisuflebis dros sabavSvo da axalgazrdulma mauwyeblobam garkveuli organi-zaciuli cvlilebebic ganicada — 1991 wels ori damoukidebe-li mTavari redaqcia isev gaerTianda erT mTavar redaqciad da ewoda sabavSvo da axalgazrduli programebis mTavari re-daqcia. am periodSi sabavSvo mauwyeblobas daemata axali Ta-namSromlebi: rusudan varZiaSvili da irma xarSilaZe, axal-gazrdul mauwyeblobas ki — manana laWyepiani, nino kvaracxe-lia, Tamar kikvaZe, mzia gogniaSvili, giorgi leoniZe, lali daTukiSvili, marine andronikaSvili, maia krawaSvili.

rogorc sabavSvo mauwyeblobas, ise, axalgazrdul mauwy-eblobasac 1985-1991 wlebSi bevri tradiciuli rubrika Se-morCa. es umTavresad imiT aris ganpirobebuli, rom, rogorc adre aRvniSneT, ZiriTadi gardaqmnebi teleradiokomitetSi 70-iani wlebis meore naxevridan iwyeba da am periodSi mxolod zogierTi mimarTulebis koreqtireba xdeba.

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isev iyo eTerSi rubrikebi: `samSoblo gana marto lamazi mTebia?~ (1985-1987), àxalgazrduli studia~ (1985-1990), `studenturi orbita~ (1985-1990), `siyvaruli, ojaxi, bavSvi~ (1986, 1987), àirCie Cemi profesia~ (1988), `virCev profesias~ (1986, 1987). amas emateboda operatiuli ciklebi: `leninuri SabaTobis matiane~ (1985), `gamarjoba, yamirelo!~ (1985), `mesa-me SromiTi semestris misamarTebi~ (1985, 1986), `studenturi zafxuli~ (1987), `saqarTvelos wargzavnilebi festivalze~ (1985), `misaRebi gamocdebis win~ (1986), `saqarTvelos komkav-Siris 33-e yrilobis Sesaxvedrad~ (1987) da sxv.

Cveul stilSi mzaddeboda mxatvrul-publicisturi prog-ramebi: `naxevari saaTi gacnobisaTvis~ (1985) da `Sexvedrebi axalgazrda SemoqmedebTan~ (1985-1987) — orive axalgazrda auditorias acnobda literaturisa da xelovnebis warmomad-genlebs. isev grZeldeboda ilia kevliSvilis saavtoro musi-kaluri programebi `saRamo mSvidobisa~ (1985-1989) da `stu-denturi diskoTeka~, romelsac 1985-1986 wlebSi ewodeboda `sakvirao programa — saubari musikis TanxlebiT~ (orive maT-gani msmenelebis werilebze iyo agebuli da musikalur nom-rebs enacvleboda wamyvanis msjeloba aqtualur axalgaz-rdul problemebze).

gardaqmnis pirvel sam wels tradiciuli formiT gadioda eTerSi axalgazrdobis mTavari publicisturi programa `ra-diosadguri `siWabuke~, mas diqtorebTan erTad xSirad Jur-nalistebic uZRvebodnen. 1989 wlis maisidan (mxedvelobaSi viqonioT, rom es iyo 9 aprilis Semdgomi periodi) programas ewoda `meaTe studia~ da pirdapir gadaicemoda eTerSi (amza-debda SemoqmedebiTi jgufi: mzia baqraZe, lali iakobaSvili, gia nozaZe, manana xuroSvili, nato maWavariani). programis mTavari Tema iyo saqarTveloSi mimdinare politikuri movle-nebi. mowveuli stumrebi saubrobdnen imdroindel pirobebSi axalgazrdobis mdgomareobaze, mis politikur mrwamsze, axal partiebTan damokidebulebaze da a.S. rubrika ànketa~ audi-torias acnobda axalgazrdobis Sexedulebebs qveyanaSi mom-xdar mniSvnelovan movlenebze, sazRvargareTis qveynebTan saqarTvelos urTierTobaze da sxv. programaSi CarTuli iyo reportaJebi movlenaTa adgilebidan da ucxoeTis saagentoe-

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bis mier gavrcelebuli informaciebi, igi 1991 wlis seqtemb-ramde yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 1 saaTis xangrZlivobiT.

erT-erTi tendencia, romelic SesamCnevia gardaqmnis wlebSi, isaa, rom sabavSvo mauwyeblobis msgavsad axalgaz-rdul mauwyeblobaSic TandaTan izrdeba publicistur-sa-ganmanaTleblo da gasarTobi gadacemebis wili.

1987 wlis bolos eTerSi gamoCnda gadacema saxelwodebiT `SemecnebiT-gasarTobi programa `merani~. 1988 wels igi yo-vel kviradRes gadaicemoda 8 saaTsa da 15 wuTze 45 wuTis mo-culobiT da `SemecnebiT programad~ an ubralod `progra-mad~ cxaddeboda, 1989 wlis 1 oqtombridan ki `programa axal-gazrdobisaTvis — `kvira dilas~ daerqva. 1990-1991 wlebSi am programam SabaTs, imave saaTebSi gadainacvla da ewoda `Se-mecnebiT-gasarTobi programa axalgazrdobisaTvis `SabaT diliT~ (avtori mzia gogniaSvili). igi Seicavda rogorc po-pularul, saganmanaTleblo xasiaTis masalebs, reportaJebs, gamosvlebs, ise musikalur nomrebsac. garkveulwilad sagan-manaTleblo xasiaTisa iyo agreTve axalgazrduli programa `popla, Cven vcocxlobT!~ (1990). amiT amoiwureba axalgaz-rduli saganmanaTleblo mauwyebloba 80-ian wlebSi (Tu ar CavTvliT TiTo-orola gadacemas raime TariRTan an RonisZi-ebasTan dakavSirebiT — magaliTad, or gadacemas `ra ganZi gvqonia~ 1986 wlis aprilSi varZiis 800 wlisTavis aRsaniSnavad).

faqtobrivad, axalgazrduli publicistur-saganmanaT-leblo da mxatvrul-saganmanaTleblo (SemecnebiT-gasarTo-bi) mauwyebloba saqarTvelos radios mxolod 90-iani wlebi-dan iwyebs ganviTarebas. 1991 wels Seiqmna publicistur-sa-ganmanaTleblo programa `pirispir~ (`tet-a-tet~) (avtori da wamyvani mzia gogniaSvili). igi exeboda yvela Temas, garda po-litikisa. misi stumrebi iyvnen: mwerlebi, msaxiobebi, estra-dis momRerlebi, sportsmenebi da a.S. moicavda rubrikebs: `warsulTan pirispir~, `fiqrebTan pirispir~, `mTebTan piris-pir~, `sakuTar TavTan pirispir~ da `baxusTan pirispirac~ ki (zogierTi Tema saxelwodebasTan xelovnuradac iyo dakavSi-rebuli). programa gadaicemoda yovelkvireulad 1 saaTis xangrZlivobiT.

amave wels Seiqmna agreTve SemecnebiT-gasarTobi progra-

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ma (rogorc acxadebdnen) `kamara~ (avtorebis ganmartebiT, es saxelwodeba haerSi kamaraSekruli kacis Tavisufal mdgoma-reobaSi yofnis analogiiT Seiqmna). `kamaris~ mTavari Tema iyo Tavisufleba da es gansazRvravda misi rubrikebis xasiaTsac: `brZola adamianis TavisuflebisaTvis~, `xmebi Tavisufali samyarodan~, `mxatvari da Tavisufleba~ da a.S. programis stumrebi — sxvadasxva sferoSi moRvawe adamianebi saubrob-dnen Tavisuflebis rolze maT profesiul saqmianobaSi, fsi-qologebi ganixilavdnen msmenelTa werilebs. programis av-torebi da wamyvanebi iyvnen ilia mxeiZe da lali daTukiSvili, gadaicemoda yovelkvireulad 1 saaTis xangrZlivobiT.

amasTan erTad, axalgazrdobis redaqcia exmaureboda qveynis socialur da ekonomikur mdgomareobasac. 1991 wels aprilis Tvidan yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda eTerSi axal-gazrduli programa `ekonomika, biznesi, komercia~, romelic asaxavda respublikaSi mimdinare ekonomikur procesebs, biz-nesis ganviTarebas, saxelmwifo politikas komerciis mimarT da a.S. yovelive amas ganixilavdnen studiaSi mowveuli speci-alistebi. programa erTsaaTiani iyo, uZRvebodnen avtori — Jurnalisti maia gvritiSvili da ekonomikur mecnierebaTa kandidati levan ZnelaZe.

mainc unda iTqvas, rom 90-iani wlebis bolos msgavsi gada-cemebi axalgazrdul mauwyeblobaSi sul ufro iSviaTadaa da eTeri ZiriTadad SemecnebiT-gasarTob gadacemebs uWiravs, ramac Semdeg periodSi albaT bevrad ganapiroba misi gardaq-mna SemecnebiT-gasarTobi programebis mTavar redaqciad.

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T a v i V

damoukidebeli saqarTvelos

radiomauwyebloba (1992-2004)

1. saerTo mimoxilva

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg saqarTvelo damoukide-bel saxelmwifod iqca — moipova saerTaSoriso aRiareba, mi-Rebul iqna gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis wevrad. ro-gorc aRiniSna, amas win uZRoda umwvavesi dapirispireba sxva-dasxva politikur dajgufebebs Soris, Sida Tu gare Zalebis mier organizebuli SeiaraRebuli amboxeba da erovnuli gvar-diis nawilebisa da `mxedrionis~ formirebaTa mier pirveli erovnuli xelisuflebis damxoba. saqarTveloSi dabrunda respublikis kompartiis centraluri komitetis yofili pir-veli mdivani da sabWoTa kavSiris yofili sagareo saqmeTa mi-nistri eduard SevardnaZe, romelic saTaveSi Caudga axal xe-lisuflebas da aT welze metxans marTavda qveyanas, sanam iZu-lebuli ar gaxda gadamdgariyo ukve sxva Zalebis mier organi-zebuli kidev erTi (amjerad usisxlo) gadatrialebis Semdeg.

es cameti weli (1992-2004) SeiZleba CaiTvalos saqarTve-los radios istoriis bolo, mexuTe etapad, roca igi suvere-nuli saxelmwifos radios warmoadgens da qveynis damouki-deblobis pirobebSi funqcionirebs. amave periods ganekuT-vneba saqarTveloSi damoukidebeli radiomauwyeblobis aR-mocenebac. 90-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi zedized iqmneba FM-diapazonze momuSave kerZo, komerciuli radiosadgurebi: `pirveli radio~, `radio — 105~, radio `evrika~, `mwvane tal-Ra~, `fortuna~, `audiencia~, `saqarTvelos xma~ da sxva. es procesi axal saukuneSic grZeldeba da gansakuTrebul mniS-vnelobas iZens, radgan auqmebs mauwyeblobaze saxelmwifo mo-nopolias. demokratizaciis Semdgomi ganviTareba ki ganapi-

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robebs TviTon saxelmwifo mauwyeblobis gardaqmnis auci-leblobas. 2004 wlis bolos saqarTvelos radio sazogadoeb-rivi mauwyeblis statuss iZens da amiT mTavrdeba kidec misi, rogorc saxelmwifo struqturis, arsebobis TiTqmis 80-wliani istoriac.

cxadia, rom zemoT aRniSnuli procesebi uSualo gavlenas axdenda saqarTvelos radios saqmianobaze. ukve 1992 wlis 6 ianvars axalma xelisuflebam — e.w. samxedro sabWom — aRadgi-na jer televiziisa da Semdgom radios saxelmwifo struqtu-rebis funqcionireba Tavisi ideologiuri miznebis uzrun-velsayofad. Tavis saqmianobas daubrundnen radios gaficu-li TanamSromlebi, agreTve Zveli xelisuflebis mier daTxo-vili muSakebis nawili. rac Seexeba parlamentis SenobaSi mo-muSave Jurnalistebsa da diqtorebs, maTi umravlesoba pro-fesiul saqmianobas CamoSorda. teleradiodepartamentis Tavmjdomaris movaleobis Sesruleba daevala goCa xundaZes, 1992 wlis martidan ki radio-televiziis xelmZRvaneli isev arCil gogelia gaxda. mis moadgiled radiomauwyeblobis dargSi dainiSna radios sainformacio-musikaluri programe-bis xelmZRvaneli vaxtang nanitaSvili. 1992-1994 wlebi metad mZime periodi iyo Cveni qveynis istoriaSi. saqarTvelos te-leradiomauwyebloba udides zewolas ganicdida sxvadasxva politikuri klanebis, saeWvo samxedro formirebebisa Tu kriminaluri dajgufebebis mxridan — yoveli maTgani sakuTa-ri interesebisaTvis cdilobda mis gamoyenebas. da Tu igi (upirvelesad televizia) mainc inarCunebda zomierebasa da stabilurobas, gadaurCa ngrevasa da datacebas — es, uwinare-sad, misi xelmZRvanelobis damsaxurebaa.

1993 wels teleradiodepartaments teleradiokorpora-cia ewoda da erTianma saxelmwifo struqturam TiTqosda er-Tgvari decentralizaciac ganicada. rogorc 1993 wlis mais-Si gazeTi `7 dRe~ iuwyeboda: `Zveleburi struqturebis Sec-vlis mizniT teleradiokorporacia kompaniebad daiyo... ese-nia: telekompania `saqarTvelo~, telekompania `respublika~ (SemdgomSi isini gauqmda da Camoyalibda erTi telekompania `I arxi~), telekompania `II arxi~, radiokompania, satelevizio filmebis sawarmoo-SemoqmedebiTi gaerTianeba, teqnikuri

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centri, sainformacio-gamoTvliTi centri, sameurneo cen-tri. momavalSi kompaniebad Camoyalibdebian agreTve afxaze-Tisa da aWaris teleradiokomitetebi, quTaisisa da cxinva-lis radiosamsaxurebi, romlebsac korporaciasTan partnio-ruli urTierToba eqnebaT~.1 Zneli saTqmelia, ra statusiT daukavSirdebodnen saqarTvelos teleradiokorporacias afxazeTisa da cxinvalis Sesabamisi struqturebi, magram rac Seexeba TbilisSi arsebul `kompaniebs~ es decentralizacia sakmaod formaluri iyo. teleradiokorporacia organizaci-uli da finansuri TvalsazrisiT praqtikulad isev erTian struqturad darCa, im gansxvavebiT, rom radios xelmZRva-nels Tavmjdomaris moadgilis TanamdebobasTan erTad daema-ta radiokompaniis generaluri direqtoris saxelic, xolo programebis mTavari direqciis mTavar direqtors (jer medea gegeSiZes da Semdeg manana xvedeliZes) — generaluri direq-toris moadgileoba (1996 wels). 1997 wels radiokompaniis ge-neralurma direqtorma kidev ori moadgile dainiSna — lia ka-ranaZe, visac sainformacio samsaxuris kuratoroba daevala da ilia kevliSvili, romelmac es Tanamdeboba profkavSiris TavmjdomareobasTan erTad SeiTavsa.

1995 wlidan, mas Semdeg, rac `radio-2 — qarTuli radio~ Seiqmna, saqarTvelos radio ukeT amocnobis mizniT I arxis ga-dacemebSi jer kantikuntad tixrebSi, Semdeg ki sareklamo sacnobebSic moixsenieboda rogorc `mTavari radio~ (`saqar-Tvelos radio — mTavari radio~). 90-iani wlebis bolos radi-oteleviziis statusi erTxel kidev `Sesworda~. saqarTvelos prezidentis 1999 wlis 9 dekembris 658-e brZanebulebis Ta-naxmad, saqarTvelos televiziisa da radiomauwyeblobis kor-poracia Camoyalibda rogorc sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri — saqteleradiomauwyebloba. amave brZanebulebiT dam-tkicebuli wesdebiT televiziasa da radios hqonda erTiani sajaro interesebi, Tanabari ufleba-movaleobani, saerTo sa-banko angariSi da hyavda erTpirovnuli mmarTveli — telera-diomauwyeblobis Tavmjdomare.

1 a. qeSelaSvili, eTerSia saqarTvelo — cisferi ekranis paradoq-

sebi, `7 dRe~, 1993, 16, gv. 7.

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am droisaTvis radios samive arxze (I programa, II programa — `radio-2 — qarTuli radio~ da III programa — mauwyebloba somxur, azerbaijanul, qurTul da berZnul enebze) mudmivi da droebiTi anu saxelSekrulebo StatiT iricxeboda 302 Ta-namSromeli, aqedan 121 iyo sxvadasxva musikaluri koleqtivis wevri. SemoqmedebiTi tenderebis Semdeg TanamSromelTa gar-kveuli nawili dausaqmebeli darCa da maTi daTxovnis meqaniz-mis ararsebobis gamo imyofeboda simbolur, 32-larian Tviur anazRaurebaze. radios SemoqmedebiTi struqtura ase gamoi-yureboda: programebis direqcia, informaciis direqcia, ucx-oeTze mauwyeblobis departamenti da 5 mTavari redaqcia (sa-Sinao politikis, literaturul-dramatuli, musikaluri, sa-bavSvo da axalgazrduli). garda amisa, teleradiomauwyeblo-bis struqturaSi iyo: revaz laRiZis saxelobis simfoniuri orkestri (mTavari diriJori givi azmaifaraSvili), saestra-do SemoqmedebiTi gaerTianeba `forte~ (samxatvro xelmZRva-neli daviT turiaSvili), momReral bavSvTa gundi, folklo-ruli ansambli `kelaptari~ (mTavari diriJori nugzar qavTa-raZe) da folklorul-vokaluri kvarteti (2004 wlis bolos-Tvis yvela maTgani gauqmda).

1999 wlis martSi Tavmjdomaris postze arCil gogelia Sec-vala zaza Sengeliam, romelic xelmZRvanelobda teleradioma-uwyeblobas 2005 wlis bolomde, sanam sabolood ar dasrulda saxelmwifo struqturis sazogadoebriv mauwyeblad gardaq-mnis procesi. radioSi ki generalur direqtorad 2004 wlis ga-zafxulamde iyo vaxtang nanitaSvili, romelic Semdeg mcire xniT Secvales jer dodo Sonavam da mere irine moseSvilma.

radio-televiziis axal xelmZRvanels metad mZime piro-bebSi mouxda muSaobis dawyeba. damoukidebel qarTul saxel-mwifos aRar ZaluZda mauwyeblobisaTvis im dafinansebis uz-runvelyofa, rac sabWoTa periodSi iyo da aucilebeli gaxda aTeulobiT wlebis manZilze uzomod gaberili Statebis (rac, saerTod, damaxasiaTebeli iyo sabWoTa sistemisaTvis) radi-kaluri Semcireba. magram, samwuxarod, es aucilebeli proce-si umeteswilad usamarTlod da TviTneburad warimarTa. te-leradiokoleqtivi subieqturad daiyo sasurvel da arasa-survel TanamSromlebad da daiwyo am ukanasknelTa (ZiriTa-

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dad profesionali da gamocdili kadrebis) TandaTan gamo-devna, jer xelfasebis usamarTlo diferenciaciiT, Semdeg ki pirdapir samuSaodan gaTavisuflebiT. 2004 wlis martSi ga-mocxadda teleradiomauwyeblobis reorganizacia, rasac mohyva TanamSromelTa Semcireba jer erTeulebis saxiT, zaf-xulis TveebSi ki — masobrivad. es procesic ucnauri ciniz-miT warimarTa — imis magivrad, rom madloba mainc eTqvaT dam-saxurebuli adamianebisaTvis, vinc Tavisi cxovrebis didi na-wili profesiul saqmianobas Sealia, maT SenobaSic ki ar uS-vebdnen, rom samuSao adgilze darCenili sakuTari nivTebi wa-moeRoT. amave periods ukavSirdeba TanamSromlebTan er-TTviani xelSekrulebis gaformebis araadamianuri da ukano-no praqtika (samuSaos dakargvis mudmivi SiSi), romelic, sam-wuxarod, 2005-2006 wlebSi saqarTvelos radios sazogadoeb-riv mauwyeblad gardaqmnis Semdegac gagrZelda.

zaza Sengelias winaaRmdeg am periodSi presaSi mravali werili gamoqveynda da radio-televizia sxvadasxva komisiis Seswavlis obieqtic gaxda. magram amas arsebiTi Sedegi ar moh-yolia. TviTon koleqtivis yvelaze kompetenturi nawilis az-riT, es iyo saqarTvelos saxelmwifo teleradiomauwyeblo-bis inteleqtualuri da materialuri gakotrebisaken mimar-Tuli politika. SemoqmedebiTi potencialis araadekvaturi Sefasebis gamo televiziaSi masStaburad, radioSi — nawilob-riv daiwyo unariani kadrebis Tavidan moSorebis procesi. konceptualuri principebis naklebobam, arasworma priori-tetebma da aqcentebma teleradiomauwyeblobis menejmenti srulyofis nacvlad gauaresebisaken waiyvana. finansuri po-litika ki Zalze Sors iyo gamWvirvalobisa da saxsrebis opti-maluri gamoyenebisagan.

es rac Seexeba saerTo situacias, magram 90-ian wlebSi garkveuli cvlilebebi moxda radios organizaciul struq-turaSic: 1992 wlis ianvarSi, muSaobis ganaxlebidan cota xan-Si, sabavSvo da axalgazrduli mauwyeblobis mTavari redaqci-ebi isev gancalkevda — pirvelis mTavari redaqtori gaxda julieta lomTaZe, meorisa — manana laWyepiani. amave wels sa-Sinao politikis (yofil sazogadoebriv-politikur) mTavar redaqcias SeuerTda saxalxo meurneobis mTavari redaqcia —

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sazogadoebriv-politikur, samarTlisa da janmrTelobis dacvis jfufebs daemata mrewvelobis, soflis meurneobis, mecnierebisa da teqnikuri progresis jgufebi. garda amisa, saSinao politikis mTavar redaqciaSi Sedioda somxuri, azer-baijanuli, qurTuli da berZnuli gadacemebis redaqciebi, romlebic 1996 wlidan sazRvargareTze mauwyeblobis depar-taments gadaeca. 1999 wlis dekemberSi saSinao politikis mTavari redaqcia gaerTianda informaciis mTavar redaqcias-Tan da Seiqmna sainformacio-analitikuri programebis di-reqcia, romlis kuratoroba daekisra radiokompaniis genera-luri direqtoris moadgiles lia karanaZes. 2000 wlis 1 ian-vridan es gaerTianeba daiSala da isev Seiqmna ori damoukide-beli struqtura — informaciis direqcia (direqtori giorgi CokoSvili) da sazogadoebriv-politikuri programebis mTa-vari redaqcia (yofili saSinao politikis mTavari redaqcia), romlis mTavar redaqtorad dainiSna lia wiklauri.

1992 wlis 25 agvistos qveyanaSi mimdinare sazogadoebriv-politikuri procesebis Sesaxeb obieqturi informaciis mo-povebisa da ucxoeTis telekompaniebisa da saqarTvelos sain-formacio saSualebebiT misi operatiuli gavrcelebis miz-niT televiziisa da radiomauwyeblobis departamentSi Seiq-mna sainformacio saagento `kontaqti~. mis direqtorad dai-niSna Jurnalisti dimitri kikvaZe, romelic wlebis ganmavlo-baSi muSaobda saqarTvelos radios informaciis mTavari re-daqciis mTavar redaqtorad. sxvadasxva dros `kontaqtSi~ mu-Saobdnen Jurnalistebi: maka anTiZe, manana giorgobiani, xaTu-na kikvaZe, merab manjgalaZe, Tamar maxarobliZe, nino niJara-Ze, viqtoria CubiniZe (direqtoris moadgile); menejeri mixe-il gvarjalaZe, programistebi marine calqalamaniZe da mari-ne bokuCava.

xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi `kontaqti~ amzadebda sainformacio gamoSvebebs qarTul, rusul da inglisur eneb-ze. ucxoeTis telekompaniebisaTvis maTi miwodeba xdeboda jer teletaipis meSveobiT, Semdeg ki — satelituri faqsiT. `kontaqtis~ informacia msoflios ocamde qveyanaSi igzavne-boda. mis masalebs iyenebdnen bi-bi-si da `amerikis xma~. ase rom, man garkveuli roli Seasrula saerTaSoriso sazogadoe-

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bisaTvis saqarTvelos Sesaxeb obieqturi informaciis miwo-debis, afxazi da osi separatistebisa da maTi mfarvelebis mxilebis TvalsazrisiT. `kontaqtis~ Jurnalistebis mier mo-povebul da damuSavebul masalebs yoveldRiurad iyenebdnen televiziisa da radios sainformacio samsaxurebi: `macne~, `vestniki~, `alioni~, ucxoeTze mauwyeblobis redaqcia, radi-os informaciis qarTuli da rusuli redaqciebi, somxuri da azerbaijanuli redaqciebi, televiziis meore arxi, afxaze-Tis avtonomiuri respublikis teleradiokomitetis sain-formacio samsaxuri, sxva sainformacio saSualebebi.

`kontaqtis~ sainformacio wyaroebi iyo: saqarTvelos prezidentis pressamsaxuri; parlamentis, sagareo saqmeTa sa-ministros, saxelmwifo kancelariis, Tavdacvis saministros, afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi sabWosa da mi-nistrTa sabWos, saqarTvelos uSiSroebis saministros, Sina-gan saqmeTa saministros, prokuratoris, statistikis depar-tamentis, politikuri partiebisa da moZraobebis, sapatriar-qos, qalaqis meriis pressamsaxurebi; saqarTveloSi akredite-buli ucxoeTis saelCoebi da saerTaSoriso organizaciebi. saagentos sistematurad awvdidnen informacias teleradio-mauwyeblobis regionaluri korespondentebi, agreTve ucxo-eTis qveynebSi saqarTvelos saelCoebi da misiebi. `kontaqts~ hyavda sakuTari korespondentebi moskovsa da sankt-peter-burgSi. igi iyenebda agreTve radiosadgur `amerikis xmisa~ da `radiosadgur `Tavisuflebis~ masalebsac, romlebsac eTeri-dan iwerda amJamad ukve mis struqturas mierTebuli specia-lur gadacemaTa redaqcia (misi xelmZRvaneli giorgi Ciqovani `kontaqtis~ direqtoris moadgiled iTvleboda). amasTan, re-daqcias zogierTi sxva funqciac daemata — magaliTad, dasa-beWdad amzadebda prezident eduard SevardnaZis orSabaTis radiointerviuebis teqstebs, asrulebda sxva saredaqcio sa-muSaoebsac.

saagento `kontaqti~ gauqmda 2000 wlis bolos da mis baza-ze Camoyalibda sainformacio-analitikuri jgufi, romelic SeuerTda teleradiomauwyeblobis sazogadoebasTan urTi-erTobis departaments.

1993 wels soxumis dacemisa da afxazeTidan qarTveli mo-

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saxleobis masobrivi gamodevnis Semdeg, saqarTvelos mTav-robis dadgenilebiT afxazeTis teleradiokomitetma muSao-ba ganagrZo TbilisSi televiziisa da radios saxelmwifo ar-xebze. noembridan mas mieniWa teleradiokompaniis statusi da registracia gaiara saqarTvelos iusticiis saministroSi. kompaniis generalur direqtorad dainiSna Tamaz CoCia, moad-giled radiomauwyeblobis dargSi manana darjania, radioma-uwyeblobis qarTuli redaqciis xelmZRvaneli gaxda goCa xundaZe (ara is goCa xundaZe, romelic erTxans teleradioma-uwyeblobis xelmZRvanelis movaleobas asrulebda). mogviane-biT Seiqmna afxazeTis mediacentri, romlis xelmZRvanelad dainiSna koba bendeliani, moadgileebad ki — goCa gvaramia da goCa xundaZe.

afxazeTis radio daarsda soxumSi 1937 wels, muSaobda sa-mi redaqcia: qarTuli, rusuli da afxazuri. 1988 wlidan qar-Tuli radios saeTero dro yoveldRiurad 4 saaTs Seadgenda, 1992 wlis 20 agvistodan 1993 wlis 20 seqtembramde ki mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi eweoda mauwyeblobas. TbilisSi devnil ra-dioJurnalistTa jgufma daiwyo momzadeba naxevarsaaTiani programisa `eTerSia afxazeTis radio~, romelic 1993 wlis noembridan yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda saqarTvelos radi-os pirveli programiT — jer orjer da Semdeg oTxjer, monac-vleobiT qarTul da rusul enebze. es metad drouli da saWi-ro nabiji iyo, radgan TviTgamocxadebuli afxazeTis saxel-mwifos radio-televizia mTlianad de-faqto xelisuflebis mier kontroldeboda da adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi separa-tistuli ideebis totalur propagandas eweoda.

`afxazeTis radio~ TbilisSi Tavidanve Camoyalibda or — qarTulenovani da rusulenovani gadacemebis redaqciebad. pirvelis redaqtori iyo marine gvazava (mogvianebiT misi xelmZRvaneli gaxda dodo iaSvili), meorisa — givi sergia (mogvianebiT viqtoria CubiniZe). TiToeul maTgans Tavisi ko-respondentebi hyavda da Tanabari samauwyeblo dro hqonda gamoyofili. TanamSromelTa birTvs Seadgendnen Jurnalis-tebi: berdia kalandia, eliso xuTkubia, lela alania, eliso kakulia, medea sisordia. am droisaTvis saqarTvelos radios gadacemebi vrceldeboda afxazeTis mxolod nawilze — oCam-

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Cire-soxumis regionebze, Tumca baTumSi arsebul saSualo-talRovan radiosadgurs rom Seuferxeblad emuSava (stabi-lurad momaragebuliyo eleqtroenergiiT), I arxis gavrcele-ba SesaZlebeli iqneboda Savi zRvis gaswvriv saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze, maT Soris afxazeTis danarCen sanapiro raionebSic. `afxazeTis radios~ gadacemebi gankuTvnili iyo umTavresad afxazeTis mosaxleobisaTvis — rogorc afxazeT-Si darCenilTaTvis, ise iZulebiT gadaadgilebulTaTvis, moi-cavda rogorc informaciul, ise analitikur masalebs. ope-ratiulad Suqdeboda saqarTveloSi da afxazeTSi mimdinare mniSvnelovani movlenebi, qarTul-afxazuri da rusul-afxa-zuri urTierTobani. afxazeTSi darCenili mosaxleobis didi nawilis rusulenovanebis gamo politikurad da ideologiu-rad datvirTuli masalebi ZiriTadad rusuli redaqciis kom-petencia iyo, ekonomikuri, socialuri, kulturuli da a.S. ki — qarTulisa. rusul gadacemebs uZRveboda diqtori julie-ta gelaSvili, qarTuls — diqtori naTela berikaSvili, afxa-zeTis radios soxumeli TanamSromlebi.

Cveulebrivad, gadacemis pirvel bloks (diqtoris mier wakiTxul mokle informaciebs) Tan mosdevda ama Tu im aqtua-luri movlenis vrceli ganxilva, xSir SemTxvevaSi korespon-dencia, romelsac ZiriTadad redaqtori amzadebda da Tavisi-ve saavtoro teqstiT ganagrZobda muSaobas mikrofonTan. aq avtoris komentars Tan erTvoda interviuebi, reportaJebi da a.S. gadacemebSi monawileobda TiTqmis yvela cnobili po-litikosi, mwerali, xelovnebis moRvawe, arasamTavrobo orga-nizaciaTa warmomadgeneli da sxv. sistematurad gadaicemoda rubrikebi: `genocidi da eTnowmenda~, `nostalgia~, `istoriis labirinTebi~, `politikosebis xedva~, `kviris mniSvnelovani politikuri procesebi~, `Tvalsazrisi~ da a.S. iyo droebiTi rubrikebic, romlebic ramdenime gadacemaSi grZeldeboda da Semdeg icvleboda. magaliTad, 2001 wels, yovel paraskevs, karga xnis manZilze rusulenovan gamoSvebaSi gadaicemoda

profesor zurab papaskiris cikli `Абхазия – историческое прош-

лое, настоящее и будущее~. igi saubrobda afxazebis eTnikuri warmomavlobis, qarTvelebTan maTi naTesauri kavSiris Sesa-xeb (rasac afxazi mecnierebi uaryofen), konfliqtis mogvare-

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bis gzebze da a.S. ra Tqma unda, radios amgvari mcdeloba — af-xazur auditoriamde moetana istoriuli simarTle — metad Rirebuli iyo.

1992 wlidan 1995 wlis oqtombramde kvlav ganagrZobda funqcionirebas saqarTvelos radios II programac. igi moi-cavda umTavresad musikalur-mxatvrul nawarmoebebs, ufro iSviaTad publicistikas, agreTve I programis gadacemebis ga-meorebas, funqciurad ar gansxvavdeboda misgan da arc msme-nelTa romelime jgufisTvis iyo gankuTvnili. SeiZleba iT-qvas, rom igi inerciiT ganagrZobda arsebobas, radgan amgvari dublirebiTa da gavrcelebis naklebi masStabis gamo, saeWvoa farTo auditoria hyoloda (Tumca es 40 wlis manZilze arc aravis Seuswavlia, rac, Tavis mxriv, misdami nakleb interesze metyvelebs). gazeTi `laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi~ (Sem-dgomSi `eTerSia saqarTvelo~) am programas xSirad arc ki aq-veynebda xolme Tavis furclebze. am dros ki saqarTveloSi intensiur ganviTarebas iwyebs damoukidebeli, komerciuli radiomauwyebloba — FM-diapazonze momuSave e.w. formatuli radiosadgurebi, romelTa samauwyeblo principi swored fun-qciuri specializacia da sakuTari auditoriis momsaxurebaa.

amgvari procesebi sazRvargareT jer kidev 50-iani wlebis bolos daiwyo, roca televiziasTan konkurenciis gamo msof-lios ganviTarebul qveynebSi mkveTrad Semcirda universa-luri, mravalprofiliani radioprogramebi, romlebic mauwy-eblobis yvela saxeobasa da auditoriis yvela jgufze iyo gaTvaliswinebuli da daiwyo specializebuli arxebis Camoya-libeba. es specializacia ori mimarTulebiT ganviTarda: pir-veli, Seiqmna calke arxebi auditoriis sxvadasxva jgufis moTxovnilebaTa dasakmayofileblad (sqesis, asakis, ganaTle-bis, eTnikuri Tu religiuri kuTvnilebis mixedviT da a.S.) da, meore, aseve damoukidebeli arxebiT radiom daiwyo misTvis yvelaze `xelmisawvdomi~ da `xelsayreli~ funqciis Sesrule-ba — operatiuli informaciisa da musikis gadacema.

saqarTveloSi msgavsi funqciuri specializaciis mcde-lobad SeiZleba CaiTvalos gacilebiT gvian, 1979 wlidan `na-SuadRevis~, `pikis saaTisa~ da `dilis talRis~, xolo Semdeg 1987-1991 wlebSi vrceli sainformacio-musikaluri blokis

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`radiosadgur `macnes~ warmoSoba. calke specializebuli ar-xi ki msoflioSi gavrcelebuli sainformacio-musikaluri programis saxeliT qarTul saxelmwifo mauwyeblobaSi Camo-yalibda mxolod 90-iani wlebis pirveli naxevris bolos — 1995 wlis 1 oqtombers saSualo, 288 metr talRaze, eTerSi ga-vida `radio-2~ (meore arxi), romelmac Secvala saqarTvelos radios manamde arsebuli II programa, daikava misi diapazoni da saeTero dro. ramdenime xnis Semdeg mas daemata saRamos eTeri qarTuli musikis saxiT, datova II programis arxi da FM-diapazonze ganagrZo muSaoba. Tavidan radiosadgurs erqva `radio-2 — dedaqalaqis xma~, 1996 wlis gazafxulidan ki — `ra-dio-2 — qarTuli radio~ ewoda.

`radio-2 — qarTuli radio~ tipuri musikalur-informa-ciuli formatis arxs warmoadgenda, Tumca drois raRac na-wils saganmanaTleblo da dramatul programebsac uTmobda (maTi ricxvi mcire iyo da arc sistematurobiT gamoirCeoda) — igi moicavda sainformacio gamoSvebebsa da musikas, gankuT-vnili iyo axalgazrda auditoriisaTvis. `radio-2~ Tavidanve Seiqmna rogorc ukve momravlebuli komerciuli musikalur-informaciuli arxebis alternativa (ufro maRalxarisxovani da ufro erovnuli) da, amdenad, uTuod musikaluri unda yo-filiyo, radgan, rogorc erT-erTi misi damfuZnebeli aRniS-navda, `saqarTvelos radioSi `molaparake~ arxi (`pirveli ar-xi~) ukve arsebobda da axla `musikaluri iyo saWiro~.

Tavdapirvelad `radio-2~-is sakuTari samauwyeblo dro-is xangrZlivoba 6 saaTi da 15 wuTi iyo — iwyeboda 11 saaTze da mTavrdeboda 18 saaTsa da 15 wuTze (SuadRisas, 14-dan 15 saaTamde, 1 saaTi eTeri àmerikis xmis~ inglisurenovan sain-formacio-musikalur programa èqspress~ ekava). 1996 wlidan mas daemata radiosadgur `Tavisuflebis~ qarTuli mauwyeb-lobis erTsaaTiani programa (20-dan 21 saaTamde) da, rogorc adrec aRvniSneT, e.w. `qarTuli radios~ anu saRamos mauwyeb-loba ZiriTadad qarTuli musikis saxiT (21 saaTidan 24 saaTis CaTvliT). 18 saaTi da 15 wuTidan 20 saaTamde arxi isvenebda, mogvianebiT ki `radio-2~-is dRis mauwyebloba 19 saaTsa da 30 wuTamde gagrZelda, xolo 20 saaTamde darCenili naxevari sa-aTi radiosadgur àmerikis xmis~ qarTulma programam daikava

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(romelic erTdroulad gadaicemoda I da II arxiT). kidev uf-ro mogvianebiT `radio-2~-is mauwyebloba gaizarda imis xar-jze, rom eTerSi gasvla daiwyo dilis 10 saaTze, 11 saaTis nacvlad, xolo `qarTuli radios~ saRamos mauwyebloba 24 sa-aTis nacvlad Ramis 2 saaTamde grZeldeboda. 2002 wlidan `ra-dio-2~-ma dilis mauwyebloba 9 saaTsa da 30 wuTze daiwyo da 2004 wlis bolomde misi xangrZlivoba `qarTul radiosTan~ erTad Seadgenda 16 saaTsa da 30 wuTs (dilis aTis naxevridan Ramis or saaTamde), aqedan orsaaT-naxevari eTmoboda ucxoe-Tis radiosadgurebis `amerikis xmisa~ da `Tavisuflebis~ programebs. 2003-2004 wlebSi amas dilis cxra saaTze yovel-dRiurad kidev daemata bi-bi-sis naxevarsaaTiani gadacema rusul enaze da `radio-2~-ze ucxoeTidan mowodebulma prog-ramebma qarTul, rusul da inglisur enebze, saerTo jamSi, yoveldRiurad sami saaTi Seadgina.

`radio-2 — qarTuli radios~ Seqmnis iniciatorebi iyvnen saqarTvelos radios generaluri direqtori vaxtang nanitaS-vili da misi moadgile manana xvedeliZe. programaze muSaobda SemoqmedebiTi jgufi: lia wiklauri, darejan guliaSvili, irine moseSvili, xaTuna koberiZe, nino gegeSiZe, giorgi asa-niSvili, ramaz xatiaSvili, irma loria, Tamar cxovrebaZe da sxv. 9 wlis manZilze `radio-2 — qarTuli radios~ bade, cxadia, garkveul cvlilebebs ganicdida — icvlebodnen rubrikebi, avtorebi, wamyvanebi, magram ZiriTadi struqtura ucvleli rCeboda. mTeli dRe iyofoda or nawilad: dRis mauwyebloba, romelic jer 11, Semdeg 10, bolos ki 9 saaTi da 30 wuTidan 19 saaTsa da 30 wuTamde grZeldeboda (rasac `amerikis xmisa~ da `Tavisuflebis~ qarTulenovani gadacemebi emateboda saaT-naxevris xangrZlivobiT) da saRamos mauwyebloba 21 saaTidan (`qarTuli radio~) jer 24 saaTamde, Semdeg ki Ramis 2 saaTamde.

sainformacio mauwyeblobac, dRis ori nawilis Sesabami-sad, gansxvavebuli xasiaTisa iyo. sul gadaicemoda 14 (zogi-erT wlebSi 15) sainformacio gamoSveba, TiTo saaTis interva-liT, dRis 3-10, saRamos — 10-12 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. dRis sainformacio gamoSvebebi (saSualod 10 gamoSveba) diferen-cirebuli iyo Tematikis mixedviT: mniSvnelovan axal ambebs calke gamoSveba eTmoboda, cal-calke gadaicemoda ekonomi-

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kis, kulturis, sportis, ucxoeTis axali ambebi, amindis prognozi da a.S. TiToeuls Tavisi konkretuli dro da saku-Tari musikaluri qudi hqonda. ase rom, msmenelma zustad icoda, rodis SeeZlo mieRo informacia misTvis saintereso Temaze. saRamoze 4 gamoSveba mravalTemiani iyo. maTSi gaer-Tianebuli iyo sazogadoebriv-politikuri, ekonomikuri Tu kulturuli movlenebi, zogjer Tan erTvoda wamyvanis komen-taric. `radio-2 — qarTuli radio~ TviTon informaciebs ar moipovebda, sargeblobda sainformacio saagentoebis, presis, teleradiokompaniebis masalebiT. sainformacio gamoSvebebs, rogorc wesi, Jurnalistebi uZRvebodnen. 1995-1999 wlebSi sainformacio samsaxuris SemoqmedebiT jgufs saqarTvelos radios saSinao politikis mTavari redaqciis mTavari redaq-toris moadgile lia wiklauri xelmZRvanelobda, Semdeg — ni-no rodonaia. dRis gamoSvebebze ori wamyvani muSaobda: marika bocvaZe da Tamar cxovrebaZe, saRamos gamoSvebebze — oTxi: qeTevan mumlaZe, nino rodonaia, irma jalaRonia da manana aba-SiZe. Semdeg sxvadasxva dros `radio-2 — qarTul radioSi~ sa-informacio programebze muSaobdnen Jurnalistebi: aleko elisaSvili da nino qvaTaZe, administratorebi: lela vara-zaSvili, zurab zurabiSvili, sofio matkava da mariam nemsaZe. sxva sazogadoebriv-politikuri, publicisturi xasiaTis ga-dacemebi `radio-2 — qarTuli radios~ arxze, misi formatidan gamomdinare, ar yofila. erTaderT ucnaur gamonakliss war-moadgenda saqarTvelos radios generaluri direqtoris mo-adgilis ilia kevliSvilis saavtoro programa `cxeli talRa~ (Tbilisis meris monawileobiT), romelic 2002 wlis yovel oTxSabaTs gadaicemoda 12 saaTsa da 30 wuTze 30 wuTis mocu-lobiT (am dros is pirveli arxis eTerSic iyo) da meordeboda kviras, imave dros. es formatis sawinaaRmdegod raRac sxva mizezebiT iyo ganpirobebuli.

`radio-2~-is musikalurma mauwyeblobamac 9 wlis manZil-ze garkveuli cvlilebebi ganicada. Tavidan igi moicavda yve-la Janris, droisa da qveynis musikas. magram 1996 wels Catare-buli qarTuli simReris festivalis — `ligis~ Semdeg saRamos eTeri 21 saaTidan mTlianad daeTmo Zvel da axal qarTul mu-sikas yvela kategoriis msmenelisaTvis da, rogorc aRvniS-

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neT, ewoda `radio-2 — qarTuli radio~ (Tumca dRis musika-luri programa erTxans isev `mravalerovani~ darCa). `liga~ pirveli iyo, romlis organizebaSi `radio-2~-mac miiRo mona-wileoba, Semdeg, 2002 wels, man damoukideblad moawyo festi-vali `zafxulis saRamoebi~, xolo imave wlis bolos qalaqis meriis kulturis samsaxurTan erTad — festivali `Sen gimRe-ri, Cemo Tbilis-qalaqo!~.

2000 wlidan `qarTuli radios~ principi `radio-2~-is mTel mauwyeblobaze gavrcelda: dRisa da Ramis eTerSi JRer-da yvela droisa da Janris mxolod qarTuli musika an ufro iSviaTad ucxouri simRerebi qarTveli momRerlebis Sesru-lebiT. Tavidan musikalur programaze 9-kaciani Semoqmedebi-Ti jgufi muSaobda, romelsac `radio-2~-is xelmZRvaneli, sa-qarTvelos radios programebis direqtoris moadgile (da Semdeg direqtori) manana xvedeliZe uZRveboda. dRis ganmav-lobaSi eTerSi jer ori, Semdeg ki oTxi musikaluri wamyvani muSaobda, romlebic dila-saRamos enacvlebodnen erTmaneTs (maT wamyvanebs uwodebdnen da ara dijeebs, rogorc es komer-ciul musikalur-informaciul arxebzea miRebuli). sxvadas-xva periodebSi `radio-2 — qarTuli radios~ eTerSi muSaob-dnen: Tekla TalakvaZe, Tamar boWoriSvili, nino gegeSiZe, sergo kobalava, ani bregvaZe, Tamar gvelesiani, xaTuna kobe-riZe, sandro jangiraSvili da sxv. musikaluri programa TiT-qmis mTlianad personalur saavtoro gadacemebze iyo agebu-li da wamyvanebis msmenelebTan kontaqti pirdapir eTerSi ga-napirobebda komunikaciis stabilurobasa da efeqtianobas.

`radio-2 — qarTuli radios~ musikaluri mauwyebloba, ra Tqma unda, diferencirebuli xasiaTisa iyo, magram mis Ziri-Tad nawils mainc msubuqi, saestrado musika Seadgenda, rac damaxasiaTebelia am formatis radiosaTvis da upiratesad axalgazrdul auditorias izidavs. eTerSi JRerda rogorc axali, ise retromusika, Zveli da axali hitebi. wlebis manZil-ze Camoyalibda mTeli rigi mimarTulebani Sesabamisi rubri-kebiT. mravalwlian tradiciad iqca programebi: `marika Cija-vaZe gTavazobT~ (klasikur musikaze, 30 wT.), marine kviJinaZis, Semdeg nana mSvidobaZis `Cven mSvidoba~ (xalxur musikaze, 30 wT.), manana xvedeliZisa da jimSer iaSvilis `jaz breiqi~

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(1 sT.), nia baxtaZis `musikaluri kalendari~ (30 wT.). sxva programebidan aRsaniSnavia: `musikaluri katalogi~

— saukeTeso simRerebi saukeTeso momRerlebis SesrulebiT, toqSouebi — Sexvedrebi momRerlebTan pirdapir eTerSi, uni-kaluri Canawerebi saqarTvelos radios audiofondidan; `au-diomedia~ — `radio-2~-is kompetenturi azri qarTuli Sou-biznesis Sesaxeb (manana xvedeliZe, ani bregvaZe, nino gegeSiZe, 1 sT.); `saxli 100 da 9~ — cnobil SemoqmedTa kidev ufro ax-los da ucnob aspeqtSi gacnoba. auditoriaSi popularobiT sargeblobda rubrikebi: `dabadebis dRe~, `benefisi~ (calke-ul musikosebze), `kinomusika~, `ritmuli musika~, `retro~, `rokis 15 wuTi~, `jazuri kompoziciebi~, `Wrel-Wreli miqsi~ (msmenelTa TxovniT), `peijingi — 1~, `xalxuri musikis 5 wuTi~, `tradiciuli qarTuli simRera~ da sxv. yovelkvireulad ewy-oboda `radio-2~-is qarTuli hit-aRlumebi~, romlebic gar-kveulwilad saganmanaTleblo elementebsac Seicavda.

saerTod, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saqarTveloSi arsebuli sxva informaciul-musikaluri radiosadgurebisagan `radio-2 — qarTuli radio~ gamoirCeoda musikaluri programebis ukeTesi xarisxiTa da mravalferovnebiT, wamyvanebis ufro TavSekavebuli da daxvewili saubriT, rasac, cxadia, upirve-lesad arxis koleqtivis SemoqmedebiTi principebi da sama-uwyeblo koncefcia gansazRvravda. amasTan es koncefcia gar-kveulwilad imiTac iyo ganpirobebuli, rom mas saxelmwifo statusis gamo komerciuli struqturebisagan gansxvavebuli socialur-politikuri funqciebi ekisreboda. es statusi gansazRvravda agreTve erovnuli kulturis ufro aqtiur propagandasa da saRamos eTeris qarTuli musikisaTvis daT-mobas. TviTon audiospotebis optimisturi xasiaTic miuTi-Tebda, rom igi situaciebs ufro farTo TvalsazrisiT uyu-rebda: `yvelaferi kargad iqneba!~, `ar daiviwyoT megobrebi, moikiTxeT isini!~ da a.S.

garda sainformacio gamoSvebebisa da musikaluri prog-ramebisa, `radio-2 — qarTuli radio~, rogorc zemoT aRvniS-neT, garkveul dros uTmobda saganmanaTleblo gadacemebsac. magaliTad, 2001 wels kviraSi orjer pirdapir eTerSi gadai-cemoda rubrika `sqesi, seqsi, qorwineba~ (wamyvani merab nebie-

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riZe); programa `sqolio~ aseve pirdapir eTerSi ganixilavda literaturisa da xelovnebis saintereso sakiTxebs, audito-rias iwvevda Tavisufal Temebze sasaubrod, msmenelebi zog-jer sakuTar leqsebsac ki kiTxulobdnen (wamyvani nana lomi-Ze, 1 sT.); gadacema `interpasivi~ msmenelebs sTavazobda sxva-dasxva viqtorina-TamaSebs da gamarjvebulebs ajildoebda (wamyvani Tekla TalakvaZe, 1 sT.) da a.S. daarsebis dRidan `ra-dio-2~ sistematurad uTmobda eTers agreTve radiospeqtak-lebs, romlebic sxvadasxva dros iyo Seqmnili da audiofon-dSi inaxeboda.

90-ian wlebs ganekuTvneba agreTve garkveuli cvlileba pirveli programis struqturaSic. saqme exeba Ramis progra-mis daarsebas, romlis calkeuli cdebi 80-iani wlebis bolo-sac iyo. tradiciulad saqarTvelos radios pirveli progra-ma 24 saaTze amTavrebda muSaobas, magram 1991-1992 wlebSi igi erTi saaTiT gaizarda, rogorc gameorebis, ise originaluri gadacemebis xarjze (24 saaTis Semdeg gadaicemoda, magali-Tad, 1991 wels programa `kviraZals~ da 1991-1992 wlebSi `ro-ki naSuaRamevs~). 1993-1999 wlebSi igi 00.00 saaTidan 03.00 — 03.20 wuTamde grZeldeboda, magram gadaicemoda mxolod ra-diosadgurebiT (sadenebiani mauwyeblobiT ar ismineboda) da moicavda rogorc pirveli programis gadacemebis gameore-bebs, ise axal gadacemebsac. 2000-2002 wlebSi `Ramis progra-mis~ yoveldRiur struqturas Seadgenda: radio `Tavisufle-bis~ erTsaaTiani qarTuli gadacema (translacia praRidan) da momdevno dRis programis xuTwuTiani anonsi, xolo danarCeni dro popularul klasikur musikas eWira. 2003-2004 wlebSi es struqtura mkveTrad Seicvala — klasikuri musikis dro Sem-cirda da yoveldRiur gadacemebs daemata xuTwuTiani sain-formacio gamoSveba, amindis grZelvadiani prognozi da sa-qarTvelos radiosa da bi-bi-sis erToblivi erTsaaTiani programa `JAZZ FM~. garda amisa, orSabaTidan xuTSabaTis CaTvliT, 2 saaTsa da 19 wuTze 30 wuTi eTmoboda `literatu-rul kiTxvas~, xolo SabaT-kvira — programebis: `internetni-usis~, `galereisa~ da `qarTlis cxovrebis~ gameorebebs.

rogorc mravaljer aRiniSna, saqarTvelos radio daarse-bidan mravalenovani iyo, rac, cxadia, qveynis mosaxleobis

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mravalerovnulobiT iyo ganpirobebuli. gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeboda mauwyeblobas erovnul umciresobaTa enebze. es mauwyebloba 90-iani wlebis meore naxevridan ga-formda rogorc saqarTvelos radios III programa. yoveldRi-urad eTerSi gadaicemoda erTsaaTiani somxuri da naxevarsaa-Tiani azerbaijanuli programebi, xolo kviraSi erTxel 15-wu-Tiani gadacema SabaTs berZnul enaze da kviras qurTul enaze (aqve SevniSnavT, rom am gadacemebis gazrdis moTxovna aRniS-nul auditorias arasdros gamouTqvams, Tumca es araviTar siZneles ar warmoadgenda mokle talRebze momuSave III prog-ramisaTvis).

90-ian wlebSi kvlav ganagrZobda funqcionirebas saqar-Tvelos sagareo radiomauwyeblobac. sazRvargareT mcxovre-bi Tu mivlinebuli TanamemamuleebisaTvis ucxoeTis qveyneb-ze mauwyeblobis mTavar redaqciaSi qarTul enaze mzaddebo-da programa `saqarTvelo~. igi operatiulad aSuqebda Cvens qveyanaSi mimdinare socialur-politikur procesebs, sazoga-doebrivi cxovrebis umniSvnelovanes movlenebs, qarTuli mecnierebis, kulturis, xelovnebisa Tu sportis ambebs, ga-dascemda qarTul musikas. 1994 wlidan qarTuls daemata Tur-qulenovani mauwyebloba, 1995 wlidan — germanulenovani da frangulenovani, 1996 wlidan ki — berZnulenovani. 1999 wels daiwyo radiomauwyebloba ruseTze. duSeTis radiosadguri-dan mokle talRebiT programa `saqarTvelo~ vrceldeboda israelze, germaniasa da norvegiaze, `georgien~ — germaniasa da norvegiaze, `gruzia~ ki — damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa Ta-namegobrobis qveynebze.

1996 wels ucxoeTis qveynebze mauwyeblobis mTavari re-daqcia kvlav daiyo televiziis saerTaSoriso programebis mTavar redaqciad (mTavari redaqtori Samil WiabriSvili) da radios ucxoeTis qveynebze mauwyeblobis mTavar redaqciad (mTavari redaqtori badri mdinaraZe). 1999 wels ucxoeTis qveynebze mauwyeblobis mTavari redaqciis bazaze saqarTve-los radioSi Seiqmna ucxoeTis qveynebze mauwyeblobis depar-tamenti, romelsac daemata agreTve manamde propagandis mTa-vari redaqciis SemadgenlobaSi myofi somxuri, azerbaijanu-li da qurTuli gadacemebis redaqciebic. am sami redaqciis

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profilis Secvlam (somxuri da azerbaijanuli gadacemebi Se-sabamisad mimarTuli iyo mezobel respublikebze, qurTuli ki — axlo aRmosavleTze) misi TanamSromlebis protesti ga-moiwvia, rasac saqarTvelos parlamentSi somexma da azerbai-janelma deputatebmac dauWires mxari. isini moiTxovdnen ga-dacemebs adgilobrivi, saqarTveloSi damkvidrebuli somexi da azerbaijaneli mosaxleobisaTvis (rac 2005 wlisTvis aR-dga kidec).

Turqulenovani gadacemebi mzaddeboda kviraSi oTxjer, berZnuli da qurTulenovani — kviraSi erTxel, danarCenebi ki yoveldRiurad naxevari saaTis moculobiT. yoveldRiuri 10-wu-Tiani sainformacio gamoSveba mzaddeboda qarTulad da Sem-deg iTargmneboda danarCen enebze, berZnuli da qurTuli ga-dacemebis ganyofilebebi am gamoSvebaTa mixedviT amzadeb-dnen kviris daijests. sainformacio gamoSvebas mosdevda Te-maturi siuJetebi saqarTvelos cxovrebisa da adresat qvey-nebTan megobrobisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb.

aRsaniSnavia am qveynebis saelCoTa mxardaWera saqarTve-los sagareo radiomauwyeblobisadmi. germaniis, somxeTis, azerbaijanis saelCoebma monawileoba miiRes Sesabamisi gan-yofilebebis teqnikur aRWurvaSi. saelCoTa TanamSromlebi saWiro literaturiT uzrunvelyofdnen Jurnalistebs, aq-tiurad monawileobdnen radiogadacemebSi. qarTveli Jurna-listebis kvalifikaciis asamaRleblad ewyoboda treiningebi rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise sazRvargareT (kerZod, germaniis saelCos daxmarebiT).

saqarTvelos radios sazRvargareT sakmaod bevri msmene-li hyavda. amis dasturia uamravi werili, romlebsac sistema-turad pasuxobdnen Sesabamis ganyofilebaTa TanamSromlebi, dainteresebul pirebs ugzavnidnen qveynis istoriisa da kul-turis amsaxvel fotosuraTebs, sxva saWiro masalebs. am peri-odSi radioSi muSaobda bevri specialisti, romlebic safuZ-vlianad flobdnen rogorc Jurnalistur profesias, ise ucx-our enebs: rusuli gadacemebis ganyofilebidan — Temur na-diraSvili, irina Cuprinina, nino berikaSvili, giuli CaCanaS-vili; somxuri gadacemebis ganyofilebidan — susana xaCatu-riani, gohar mazmaniani, maia kiRuraZe; azerbaijanuli gadace-

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mebis ganyofilebidan — nazi alieva, emin mahmudovi, mirza ma-Sovi; Turquli gadacemebis ganyofilebidan — nino Sengelia, maka kiknaveliZe; berZnuli gadacemebis ganyofilebidan — xa-Tuna jervaliZe, mari amaSukeli; qurTuli gadacemebis ganyo-filebidan — qerim anyosi, leila CaldarguSi, bela kaxoeva; inglisuri gadacemebis ganyofilebidan — maka maisuraZe, nato guguSvili, zurab amiranaSvili; germanuli gadacemebis gan-yofilebidan — eka sanikiZe, irine gegeWkori, naTia daTuaSvi-li, lia mumlaZe; franguli gadacemebis ganyofilebidan — qe-Ti kapanaZe, mixeil koRoSvili; dabolos, qarTuli gadaceme-bis ganyofilebidan — manana qebaZe da nana lomiZe. am ganyofi-lebaSi mzaddeboda rogorc sainformacio gamoSveba, ise Te-maturi siuJetebic, romelTa umravlesoba iTargmneboda 9 sxvadasxva enaze sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT gadasacemad.

saqarTvelos prezidentis 2004 wlis 22 martis 236 gankar-gulebiT, mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb saTanado kanonis miRebamde Seiqmna sazogadoebrivi monitoringis droebiTi komisia, ro-melsac daevala rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba saqteleradioma-uwyeblobis marTvis srulyofisa da sakadro optimazicii-saTvis reformebis mosamzadeblad. imdroindelma Tavmjdo-marem zaza Sengeliam komisias SesTavaza saqarTvelos radios sagareo mauwyeblobis daxurva da miuxedavad saqarTvelos parlamentis sagareo saqmeTa komitetis mondomebisa da ucx-ouri organizaciebis rekomendaciebisa misi SenarCunebis au-cileblobaze, 2005 wlis dekemberSi saqarTvelos radios ucxoeTis qveynebze mauwyebloba naxevarsaukunovani arsebo-bis Semdeg daixura. saeWvoa es gadawyvetileba swori yofili-yo. Soreuli norvegiisa da inglisis msmenelebisaTvis yovel-dRiuri naxevarsaaTiani gadacemis efeqtianoba SeiZleba sa-davo iyos, magram Cvens mezobel qveynebze — TurqeTsa da iranze (sadac mravalricxovani qarTuli mosaxleobaa) qar-Tulenovani da ruseTze (sadac totaluri antiqarTuli pro-paganda mimdinareobs) yoveldRiuri ramdenimesaaTiani rusu-lenovani mauwyeblobisaTvis albaT namdvilad Rirda am struqturis SenarCuneba.

90-ian wlebis umwvavesma socialur-politikurma movle-nebma Tavisi gavlena iqonia qarTuli radiopresis mdgomareo-

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bazec. 1991 wlis seqtembris Sua ricxvebidan teleradiode-partamentis organos èTerSia saqarTvelos~ gamocema Sewyda da ganaxlda mxolod rvaTviani intervalis Semdeg, 1992 wlis maisSi, axali xelisuflebis dros. igi tradiciulad mcire formatis oTxgverdiani gazeTi iyo da teleradioprogrameb-Tan erTad publicistur werilebsac aqveynebda — exmaurebo-da mimdinare aqtualur problemebs, gadacemaTa reklama-ano-taciebs xSirad politika cvlida. sabolood man ori welic ver iarseba — 1994 wels gamovida gazeTis ramdenime nomeri da gamocema Sewyda.

samwliani intervalis Semdeg, 1997 wlis seqtembridan saq-teleradiokorporaciam daiwyo axali mcireformatiani gaze-Tis àxali talRis~ gamocema (redaqtori g. zubaSvili). gaze-Tis pirveli 7 nomeri 12-gverdiani iyo, xolo me-8 nomridan gamocemis bolomde — 16-gverdiani. àxali talRa~, SeiZleba iTqvas, faqtobrivad arc iyo dargobrivi gazeTi, miuxedavad imisa, rom sistematurad aqveynebda yovelkvireul telep-rogramebs (rogorc saqarTvelos, ise ruseTis ZiriTadi arxe-bis) da saqarTvelos radios pirveli arxis programas, agreT-ve saqarTvelos televiziis I da II arxebze gamavali teleseri-alebis beWdur variantebs (amas bevri sxva gazeTic akeTebda). gazeTis pirvel nomerSive gacxadebuli dapireba, rom àxali talRa~ gansakuTrebul yuradRebas dauTmobs televiziisa da radios Teoriisa da praqtikis sakiTxebs~ ganuxorcielebeli darCa (erTaderTi gamonaklisi iyo lamara kikaliSvilis me-tad saintereso werilebi da mogonebani Tavisi Jurnalistu-ri praqtikidan). gazeTi Segnebulad gacda specifikuri mi-marTulebis organos funqciebs, rasac adasturebs kidec 1999 wels warwera gazeTis saxelwodebis qveS: `sazogadoebriv-po-litikuri gazeTi~. ZiriTadi adgili eTmoboda politikur sensaciebs (rogorc Tanamedroves, ise istoriuls), kinovar-skvlavebsa da Soubiznesis warmomadgenlebs. faqtobrivad, àxali talRa~ ufro komerciuli tipis gamocema iyo, igi 1999 wlis seqtembramde gamodioda.

sakuTari beWduri organos gamocemis kidev erTi cda iyo 2000 wels. 25 agvistos gamovida mcire formatis ilustrire-buli gazeTi saxelwodebiT `2x2~ (2001 wlis 11 maisidan mas

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isev tradiciuli saxeli `laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi~ daubrunda). igi Tavidan 12-gverdiani iyo, 2001 wlis me-14 nom-ridan ki 16-gverdiani gaxda. misi mTavari redaqtori iyo mixe-il mWedliZe, moadgile badri ciramua, pasuxismgebeli mdiva-ni zaal WeliZe. gazeTi did yuradRebas uTmobda Jurnalisti-kaSi Seqmnil problemebsa da Teoria-praqtikis siaxleebs. aR-saniSnavia radios `oqros fondis~ Canawerebis sagazeTo teq-stebi, romlebsac TiTqmis yvela nomrisaTvis amzadebda Jur-nalisti nunu dalaqiSvili. gazeTis mkiTxvels saSualeba hqonda gacnoboda saxelovani winaprebis radiogamosvlebs. amasTan, gazeTis furclebi eTmoboda sazogadoebriv-poli-tikur problemebs, mecnierebis, xelovnebis, religiis sakiTx-ebs da sxv. drom Tavisi kvali daamCnia gazeTis ganviTarebas — teleradioprogramebisa da reklama-anotaciebis gamoqveyne-bas daemata jer dargobrivi gazeTisa da Semdeg sazogadoeb-riv-politikuri organos funqciebi. samwuxarod, 2002 wlis martidan gazeTis gamocema Sewyda. ase dasrulda 1957 wels ganaxlebuli qarTuli teleradiogazeTis 45-wliani istoria da mas Semdeg saqarTvelos teleradiomauwyeblobas sakuTa-ri beWduri organo aRar hqonia.

teleradiomauwyeblobis beWduri organos gauqmebam upir-velesad radioauditoriaze iqonia uaryofiTi gavlena. sate-levizio programebs isedac mravali sxvadasxva gazeTi beW-davda, radioprogramebs ki mxolod igi aqveynebda da misi da-xurvis Semdeg radiomsmenelebs kviris programaSi orienti-rebis araviTari saSualeba aRar darCaT (es xom teleradioga-zeTis erT-erT ZiriTad funqcias Seadgenda — radiokomite-tis pirvel beWdur organos, romelic 1935 wels gamovida, asec erqva — `radioprogramebi. radiomsmenelTa damxmare~). garda amisa, jer kidev 1999 wels Sewyda (radios programebis mTavari direqciis mTavari direqtoris medea gegeSiZis gar-dacvalebis Semdeg) rubrika `ramdenime wuTi saqarTvelos ra-dios programebis direqciisaTvis~, romelic 1991 wlidan mo-yolebuli yovel paraskevs gadaicemoda diliT 7 saaTsa da 45 wuTze, 5 wuTis xangrZlivobiT da radiomsmenelebs momavali kviris ZiriTad gadacemebs acnobda (mas Tavad programebis direqtori uZRveboda).

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dRevandel aCqarebul droSi SesaZloa kviris radioprog-ramis winaswari gacnoba auditoriisTvis arc iyos aucilebe-li, magram dabeWdil programebSi faqtobrivad saqarTvelos radios saqmianoba aisaxeboda da ufro dasanania, rom am saqmi-anobis fiqsacia Sewyda. Tanamedrove radiomauwyebloba uf-ro dRis programis reklamaze, mis saTanado `SefuTvaze~ zrunavs. amas emsaxureba mravaljeradi anonsebi adre dili-dan gvian Ramemde, audiospotebi da devizebi, musikaluri sacnobebi da qudebi da a.S. aman ganapiroba 90-iani wlebis meo-re naxevridan saqarTvelos radioSi diqtorebis `gadakvali-ficireba~ dRis programis wamyvanebad (2001 wels programaSi dRis manZilze ramdenimejer `wamyvanis fanjarac~ ki cxadde-boda). magram aseTi `wamyvanebic~ radioSi erTeulebi SemorCa. esec bunebrivi procesi iyo — diqtoris, rogorc teqstis wam-kiTxvelis, profesia Tavis droze warmoiSva da aseve dros Tan gahyva rogorc bevri sxva profesia. radiosa da televizi-aSi sxvagvari Jurnalistika Camoyalibda, xolo radioeTeris baton-patronebi Jurnalistebi da dijeebi gaxdnen.

1992-2003 wlebSi saqarTvelos radios programaSi TvalSi sacemia rubrikebis simravle (xuT aTeulamde perioduli ga-dacema) da arcTu iSviaTad maTi dublirebac ki. samagierod, 2004 wlis Semodgomidan radikalurad sawinaaRmdego proces-Tan gvaqvs saqme — rubrikebis raodenoba mkveTrad mcirdeba. gamoCnda ucnauri rubrika `musika saqarTvelos radioSi~ (yo-veldRiurad ramdenimejer), rac albaT yvela musikaluri Janrisa da mimarTulebis nawarmoebebis erT rubrikaSi moqce-vis surviliT iyo nakarnaxevi. magram rubrikis aseTi saxelwo-deba gaumarTlebelia (sxva musikaluri rubrikebi, romlebic mis paralelurad arsebobda, musikas ar moicavda?). am logi-kiT mTeli radioprograma SeiZleba ramdenime rubrikaSi moq-ceuliyo: `informacia saqarTvelos radioSi~, `publicistika saqarTvelos radioSi~, `sporti saqarTvelos radioSi~, `li-teratura saqarTvelos radioSi~ da a.S. rubrika gadacemebis tipizacias, garkveuli kriteriumebis (Temis, ideis, Janris, auditoriis) mixedviT maT dajgufebas gulisxmobs — igi arc metismetad viwro SeiZleba iyos, magram arc ise farTo, rom mTeli mauwyeblobis udides nawils moicavdes.

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isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom 90-iani wlebis mauwyeblo-bis dargobrivi principi (mrewveloba, soflis meurneoba, mecniereba da a.S.) sakmaod Seryeulia, Tumca calke gadaceme-bi eTmoba samedicino da samarTlebriv Tematikas. 2000 wli-dan TviTon ekonomikis Temac ki (romelsac arasdros daukar-gavs aqtualoba) CarTulia mravalTemian sazogadoebriv-pi-litikur programebSi: `rakursi~, `amer-imeri~, `gansxvavebu-li azri~, `Ria studia~, agreTve sainformacio-musikaluri programa `pikis saaTSi~.

Seicvala TviTon rubrikebis periodulobac. yovelTviu-ri rubrikebi, romlebic 80-iani wlebis bolomdec ki iyo Se-morCenili, gaqra da radioprograma mTlianad yovelkvireul rubrikebs daemyara (cxadia, operatiul yoveldRiur gadace-mebTan erTad).

da, rac yvelaze mTavaria, 90-iani wlebidan aSkarad sag-rZnobi xdeba radios komunikaciuri aqtivizacia, rac pirda-piri mauwyeblobis pirobebSi interaqtiuri komunikaciuri formebis masobriv danergvas emyareba. radiomsmenels saSua-leba eZleva telefonis meSveobiT pirdapir CaerTos gadace-mis msvlelobaSi da komunikaciis ormxrivi xasiaTi aqvs — ra-dio ara mxolod gadamcemi, aramed erTdroulad mimRebic xdeba. radiopublicistikis amgvari formebis Camoyalibebas Tan sdevs komunikaciis procesSi pirovnuli faqtoris gaZli-ereba, `Ria~ struqturebze gadasvla da, aqedan gamomdinare, pirdapiri mauwyeblobis Semdgomi ganviTareba, rac Tanamed-rove teqnologiur SesaZleblobebTan erTad upirvelesad sazogadoebis demokratizaciis Sedegic aris (am problemas rom CavuRrmavdeT, logikurad mivalT sazogadoebaSi pirov-nebis integraciis, misi socialuri pasuxismgeblobis reali-zaciis gacilebiT rTul sakiTxebamde).

pirdapiri mauwyeblobis dominirebam saqarTvelos radi-oSi, erTi mxriv, ganapiroba im publicisturi Janrebisa da formebis Semcireba, romlebic winaswar fiqsaciasa da mon-taJs moiTxovda (korespondencia, narkvevi, e.w. `paketis~ ti-pis gadacemebi), xolo, meore mxriv, gza gauxsna eTerSi Jurna-listur improvizacias, saavtoro, personaluri programebis damkvidrebas, msoflio praqtikaSi kargad cnobili `toqra-

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dios~ principebis ganxorcielebas — e.w. satelefono toq-Sous formebis damkvidrebas saqarTvelos radioSi. faqtob-rivad, auditoriisaTvis radioJurnalistebis saxelebi 90-iani wlebidan xdeba masobrivad cnobili da dasamaxsovrebeli: `medea gegeSiZe radioarxiT `TanagrZnoba~, ànzor gelaSvili programiT `sarke~, `lamara kikilaSvili programiT `saxsova-ri~, `lia ZiZiguri programiT `galerea~, `zinaida mWedluri da sazogadoebriv-literaturuli programa `droeba~, `dodo Sonava sainformacio-analitikuri programiT `faqti plusi~, ìvane jafariZe programiT ìrao~ da a.S.

personaluri programebis bumi ganapiroba imanac, rom ga-uqmda sabWoTa periodSi dakanonebuli wesi, romelic avalde-bulebda redaqcias honoraris 60 procenti gareSe avtorebze gaeca, xolo Statis muSakebisaTvis danarCeni 40 procenti ga-enawilebina. es, cxadia, zRudavda StatSi momuSave Jurnalis-tebis SemoqmedebiT aqtivobas (bevri maTgani gansazRvruli normis Sesrulebis Semdeg aRar amzadebda saavtoro gadace-mas, radgan veraviTar anazRaurebas ver miiRebda), magram ama-ve dros farTod uRebda karebs redaqciis gareT myof Semoq-medebiT Zalebs da uzrunvelyofda radioprogramis Tematur Tu SemoqmedebiT mravalferovnebas. am wesis gauqmebis Semdeg TiTqmis mTeli saredaqcio honorari Statis muSakebma daisa-kuTres, ramac mkveTrad gazarda saavtoro gadacemebis ricx-vi da dadebiTTan erTad uaryofiTi Sedegebic gamoiwvia: er-Ti mxriv, radioJurnalistikis profesionalebs (mcire jgufs) meti Tavisufleba mieca, magram, meore mxriv, momrav-lda dabalxarisxovani personaluri gadacemebi (yvela rodi aRmoCnda mzad auditoriasTan urTierTobisaTvis), xolo ga-reSe avtorebze uaris Tqmam gaaRariba da ufro daStampuli gaxada radioprograma.

sabolood, radios TiTqmis yvela SemoqmedebiTi muSaki mxolod avtorad iqca da dakarga literaturuli muSakis, re-daqtoris funqcia — TiToeuli TviTon iyo Tavisi gadacemis avtoric, redaqtoric da reJisoric. cenzuris gauqmebasTan erTad radios xelmZRvanelobam ratomRac CaTvala, rom saer-Tod aRar aris saWiro arc saredaqcio saqmianobis kontroli da nel-nela daiwyo marTvis sistemis moSla: daeca dagegmvis

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xarisxi, aRar imarTeboda saredaqcio TaTbirebi da ar xdebo-da saeTero produqciis Sefaseba, aRar mzaddeboda saredaq-cio programebi, aRar xdeboda teqstebis redaqtireba — igi aRar gadioda adre savaldebulo safexurebs rigiTi muSaki-dan mTavar redaqtoramde (xSirad ki Tavmjdomaris moadgi-lemdec). pirdapiri eTeris sababiT xSirad arc gadacemebis teqstebi mzaddeboda winaswar da eTerSi argumentirebul msjelobas arcTu iSviaTad komerciuli arxebisaTvis damaxa-siaTebeli dijeebis primitiuli dialogi cvlida — masobrivi komunikaciis organo radio satelefono interpersonaluri komunikaciis saSualebas daemsgavsa. saqarTvelos radiom mniSvnelovanwilad dakarga is, rasac darajad edga aTeulo-biT wlebis manZilze — gamarTuli qarTuli ena. ra Tqma unda, es yvela gadacemas ar Seexeba, magram uaryofiTi tendenciebi aRniSnuli mimarTulebiT mainc sagrZnobia (aqve isic unda iT-qvas, rom am process didad uwyobda xels radios finansuri da materialur-teqnikuri daqveiTebac).

radios komunikaciuri aqtivizaciis meore mimarTulebad 1992-2004 wlebSi warmoCnda popularuli musikis intensiuri SemoWra informaciul-publicistur mauwyeblobaSi da saes-trado-musikaluri programebis moZaleba. am procesis pirve-li niSnebi jer kidev 80-iani wlebidan iCens Tavs, magram am pe-riodSi igi gansakuTrebiT aSkarad gamoikveTa. Tavi rom dava-neboT musikaluri formatis `radio-2 — qarTuli radios~ da-arsebas, Tavad pirveli programac musikalurad ufro dat-virTuli da popularul-gasarTobi xasiaTisa gaxda. `pikis sa-aTze~ da sxva sainformacio-musikalur programebze dilis yoveldRiuri sainformacio-musikaluri blokis `dilaadria-nis~ damateba (1999) da pirdapir eTerSi iseTi programebis damkvidreba, rogoric iyo: `koncerti 6 saaTze~, àlo, gis-menT 59 da 9~, èstrasfero~, `roki, smoki da ...~, `jazis moyva-rulTaTvis~, sxvadasxva hitaRlumebi da a.S. uTuod Seesabame-boda auditoriis gazrdil interess musikalur-gasarTobi formebisadmi da komunikatorTan pirdapiri urTierTobis moTxovnilebas. wamyvanebi programebisa `dilaadrian~ da àlo~, gismenT!~ ara marto aqtiurad monawileobdnen msmene-lebTan dialogSi, aramed saintereso Temebsac sTavazobdnen

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maT eTerSi improvizaciisaTvis; amasTan auditoriasTan or-mxrivi kontaqtisaTvis musikaluri, sabavSvo da axalgazrdu-li gadacemebis redaqciebi xSirad iyenebdnen sxvadasxva saxis viqtorinebsa da saxaliso konkursebs. sakmarisia iTqvas, rom am periodSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda or aTeulamde sa-avtoro musikaluri programa, bevri maTgani ki yoveldRiu-rad Tu ara, kviraSi ramdenimejer mainc da uSualod pirdapir eTerSi.

SesaZloa pirveli programis aseTi `musikaluri intensi-fikacia~ musikaluri formatis komerciul arxebTan konku-renciiT da auditoriis (gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdobis) da-kargvis SiSiTac iyo gamowveuli, rac marTlac realuri Cans. iqneb imanac iqonia gavlena, rom 90-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos radioSi TiTqmis yvela xelmZRvaneli Tanamdeboba musikalu-ri redaqciis TanamSromlebma daikaves. maT kargad icodnen musika da misi popularizaciis meTodebi, magram naklebad — Jurnalistika da bolomde ar esmodaT saqarTvelos saxel-mwifo radiomauwyeblobis, rogorc Jurnalisturi arxis, sa-zogadoebrivi daniSnuleba. igi xom am tipis erTaderTi arxi iyo saqarTveloSi da samarTlianad uwodebda Tavis Tavs `mTavar radios~ (aseTi `mTavari radio~ yvela ganviTarebul qveyanaSia SenarCunebuli). aRniSnuli momentebis gauTvalis-wineblad Znelia im samauwyeblo politikis gaazreba, ramac sabolood pirveli programis radikaluri gardaqmna gamoiw-via. 2004 wlis seqtembridan, roca samauwyeblo bade e.w. prog-ramuli borbalis principiT aigo, kviris programaSi SemorCa sul 15-mde gadacema, danarCeni dro musikas, Teatralur speqtaklebis nawyvetebs, sainformacio gamoSvebebs, anonsebs, amindis prognozs da a.S. ekava. TiToeuli saaTi iwyeboda sain-formacio gamoSvebiT (zogjer mas cvlida sportis axali am-bebi — `estafeta~ da `pikis saaTi~, anda musikaluri programa `alo, gismenT!~) da mTavrdeboda amindis prognoziT. faqtob-rivad, saqarTvelos erTaderTi mravalprofiliani radio sa-informacio-musikaluri formatis radiod gardaiqmna. Tu ga-viTvaliswinebT, rom am periodSi aRniSnuli tipisaa meore sa-xelmwifo radioarxi `radio-2 — qarTuli radio~ da saqarTve-los yvela damoukidebeli radiosadguri, kidev erTi sainfor-

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macio-musikaluri arxis Seqmnis saWiroeba metad sakamaToa. unda vifiqroT, rom Jurnalisturi funqciebis Semcire-

bam erTgvarad daaqveiTa kidec saqarTvelos radios, rogorc `mTavari radios~ statusic da 2004 wlis masobrivi daTxovne-bis Semdeg igi saqarTvelos televiziis rigiTi ganyofilebis msgavs danamatad iqca TanamSromlebis metad Semcirebuli jgufiT.

rogorc adre aRiniSna, am periodSi saqarTvelos radio mauwyeblobas eweoda sami arxiT (programiT). ZiriTadi Semoq-medebiTi datvirTva modioda pirvel arxze, romelic dRe-Ra-meSi iuwyeboda 21 saaTis xangrZlivobiT da 2004 wlamde prog-ramuli mravalferovnebiTa da ideur-mxatvruli xarisxiT qveyanaSi analogi ar moepoveboda. meore arxis anu `radio-2 — qarTuli radios~ sadReRamiso mauwyebloba 16 saaTsa da 30 wuTs Seadgenda, yovel saaTSi gadascemda sainformacio ga-moSvebas, danarCeni dro ki musikas da gasarTobi tipis ramde-nime gadacemas ekava. mesame arxi daTmobili hqonda sazRvar-gareTze mauwyeblobas (sanam igi saerTod gauqmdeboda) da sa-qarTveloSi mcxovrebi araqarTuli mosaxleobisaTvis gan-kuTvnil gadacemebs somxur, azerbaijanul, qurTul da ber-Znul enebze (dReSi 9 saaTi). sul samive arxze saqarTvelos radios yoveldRiuri moculoba 46 saaTsa da 30 wuTs Seadgenda.

samwuxarod, am moculobis samuSaoze daxarjuli inte-leqtualuri da finansuri resursi nawilobriv wyalSi iyo gadayrili radiosignalis gavrcelebis uaRresad mZime mdgo-mareobis gamo. duSeTSi arsebuli grZeltalRovani gadamce-mi, romelsac Teoriulad saqarTvelos mTeli teritoriis dafarva SeeZlo, moZvelebuli iyo da didi raodenobis eleq-troenergias saWiroebda (saaTSi 1,5 megavats). misi dafinanse-ba metad gaZnelebuli iyo da amitom usistemod, kviraSi 2-3 saaTi Tu muSaobda. eleqtroenergiis deficitis gamo aseve seriozuli SeferxebiT muSaobda baTumSi arsebuli saSualo-talRovani gadamcemi, rodesac normalur pirobebSi SeeZlo pirveli arxis gadacemebis gavrceleba saqarTvelos mTel Sa-vizRvispireTSi. SedarebiT gamarTulad, magram lokaluri masStabiT muSaobdnen Tbilisisa da quTaisis radiosatran-slacio qselebi da Tbilisis FM-gadamcemi 102,4 sixSireze.

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rac Seexeba raionebSi arsebul FM-gadamcemebs, romlebic sa-qarTvelos teritoriis daaxloebiT mesameds moicavda, ener-godeficitis pirobebSi isinic SeferxebiT muSaobda.

kidev ufro mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda `radio-2 — qar-Tuli radio~. 1999 wels saqarTvelos kavSirgabmulobisa da fostis saministrom moralurad moZvelebis sababiT gaaCera Tbilisis zRvaze arsebuli saSualotalRovani radiosadgu-ri, saidanac `radio-2~-Tan erTad somxuri, azerbaijanuli, berZnuli da qurTuli gadacemebi vrceldeboda da igi sapri-vatizacio siaSi Seitana. rogorc Semdgom gairkva, am xerxiT saministros TanamSromlebs surdaT Calis fasad CaegdoT xelSi rkinis uzarmazari konstruqciis anZa, rom Semdeg sar-fianad gaeyidaT. yvelaze paradoqsuli isaa, rom am `saqmis~ dasruleba moxda axali ministris xelSi, romelic manamde mTeli Tavisi cxovreba radio-televiziis sistemaSi muSaob-da. sabolood verc privatizaciis `avtorebma~ Seisrules ganzraxuli — 2000 wlis 21 seqtembers prezidentis gankargu-lebiT Tbilisis zRvis teritoriaze mdebare radiosadguris qoneba dakavebuli miwis farTobTan erTad saqarTvelos sa-patriarqos gadaeca (am radiosadguriT vrceldeba amJamad sapatriarqos radios `iveriis~ gadacemebi). `radio-2~ ki dar-Ca FM-gadamcemis amara, romelic 100,9 sixSireze muSaobs da misi gavrcelebis areali ZiriTadad dedaqalaqiTa da misi Se-mogareniT Semoifargleba (masTan SedarebiT ramdenadme ga-umjobesda pirveli arxis mdgomareoba, romelic 2000 wlidan saTanamgzavro mauwyeblobaze gavida).

Tanamedrove moTxovnebs ver akmayofilebda verc radi-ostudiebis aRWurviloba da sxva teqnikuri saSualebani (xmis gadamcemi da samontaJo saaparatoebi, audiokasetebze da mi-nidiskebze Camweri teqnika, sxvadasxva saxis mikrofonebi da a.S.), Tumca TviTon teqnikuri samsaxuris struqtura ZiriTa-dad SenarCunebuli iyo. kvlav ganagrZobda funqcionerebas radiomauwyeblobis sastudio-sawarmoo kompleqsi (ufrosi hamlet cagareiSvili), radiomauwyeblobis ganyofileba (uf-rosi revaz asaTiani, ubnis ufrosebi: guram mesxiSvili, miri-an mosuliSvili, tariel kobaxiZe), xmis Camweri ganyofileba (ufrosi jumber xobelia), studiisgare radiogadacemaTa gan-

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yofileba (ufrosi omar areSiZe), teqnikuri kontrolis gan-yofileba (ufrosi levan koberiZe), xmis reJisorTa ganyofi-leba (ufrosi iuri nucubiZe), audiofondis samsaxuri (direq-tori nino JRenti). 2004 wlis masobrivi daTxovnebis dros am ganyofilebebSi momuSaveTa ricxvic radikalurad Semcirda da TanamSromlebis mxolod minimaluri raodenoba darCa.

aseTi iyo zogadad 1992-2004 wlebSi saqarTvelos radios saerTo mdgomareoba da is ZiriTadi procesebi, romelTa mim-dinareoba Tavis gavlenas axdenda mis SemoqmedebiT saqmiano-baze, programebis mimarTulebebsa da xasiaTze.

2. informaciul-publicisturi mauwyebloba

informaciul da publicistur gadacemebs saqarTvelos radioSi 90-ian wlebSic dokumenturi mauwyeblobis udidesi nawili eWira. operatiul-informaciul gadacemebs amza-debda informaciis mTavari redaqcia, romelic or mimarTu-lebas moicavda — sainformacio gamoSvebebsa da sainformacio-musikalur programa `pikis saaTs~. sainformacio gamoSvebeb-ze muSaobdnen: irma loria (koordinatori), lia kamlaZe, nino mWedliSvili, nino qvaTaZe, irakli natroSvili, Salva adom-liSvili, roin Txilava, nino azmaifaraSvili, maia xoStaria, naTia arvelaZe da sxv.

rogorc aRvniSneT, operatiuli informaciuli cnobebis biuletens saqarTvelos radioSi 1991 wlidan `ukanasknel cnobebs~ aRar uwodebdnen da igi eTerSi gadioda ubralod `sainformacio gamoSvebis~ saxelwodebiT. 1996 wlidan radi-os sainformacio gamoSvebebs `moambe~ ewoda. es saxeli erqva TiTqmis meoTxedi saukune saqarTvelos televiziis sainfor-macio gamoSvebas. magram 1992 wels igi `macneTi~ Seicvala, ra-diom ki, rogorc Cans, ar iukadrisa Tavisi ufro popularuli partnioris `gamonacvalis~ gamoyeneba. Semdeg televiziam `moambe~isev aRadgina sainformacio gamoSvebis saxelwodebad da, Sesabamisad, radios sainformacio gamoSvebebmac erTxel kidev Seicvala saxeli — 2000 wels ewoda `am saaTisaTvis~. es saxelwodeba SerCa mas 2004 wlis bolomde, sanam saqarTvelos radio saxelmwifo radios statusiT mauwyeblobda.

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miuxedavad saxelebis aseTi cvlisa, saqarTvelos radios sainformacio gamoSvebebis arc daniSnuleba, arc periodu-loba da arc qronometraJi arsebiTad ar Secvlilia. 1992-2004 wlebSi misi ganrigi ase gamoiyureba:

1992 — 6.03, 7.00, 9.00 (SabaT-kviras), 11.00 (SabaTis garda), 12.00 (SabaTs), 13.00 (samSabaTs), 14.00 (SabaT-kviris garda), 17.00 (SabaT-kviras), 19.00 (SabaTis garda, qarTul-rusu-lad), 20.00 (SabaT-kvirisa da orSabaTis garda), 22.00, 23.55

1993 — 6.03, 7.00, 9.00 (SabaT-kviras), 11.00 (SabaTis gar-da), 12.00 (SabaTs), 14.00 (kviradRis garda), 17.00 (SabaT-kvi-ras), 19.00 (SabaTis garda, qarTul-rusulad), 20.00 (SabaT-kvirisa da orSabaTis garda), 22.00, 23.50

1994 — 6.03, 7.00, 9.00 (SabaT-kviras), 11.00 (SabaTis garda), 12.00 (SabaTs), 13.00 (kviras), 14.00 (kviradRis garda), 15.00 da 17.00 (kviras), 19.00 (SabaTs garda, qarTul-rusulad), 20.00 (samSabaTs, oTxSabaTs da xuTSabaTs), 22.00, 23.50

1995 — 6.03, 7.00, 9.00 (SabaT-kviras), 11.00 (SabaTis garda), 14.00 (kviradRis garda), 19.00 (SabaTis garda, qarTul-rusu-lad), 20.00 (SabaT-kviris da orSabaTis garda), 22.00, 23.50

1996 — 6.03, 7.00, 9.00 (SabaT-kviras), 11.00 (SabaTis gar-da), 15.00 (SabaT-kviris garda), 19.00 (SabaTis garda, qar-Tul-rusulad), 20.00 (orSabaTis garda), 22.00, 23.50

1997-1998 — 6.03, 7.00, 9.00 (SabaT-kviras), 11.00, 15.00 (Sa-baT-kviris garda), 19.00 (SabaTis garda, qarTul-rusu-lad), 20.00 (orSabaTis garda), 22.00, 23.50

1999 — martis Tvemde, `dilaadrianis~ daarsebamde — 1998 wlis ganrigiT, Semdeg — 2000 wlis msgavsad.

2000-2002 — 11.00, 15.00 (SabaT-kviris garda), 19.00 (qar-Tul-rusulad), 20.00 (orSabaTis garda), 22.00, 23.50

2003-2004 (seqtembramde) — 11.00 (orSabaTis garda), 15.00, 17.00 (kviras), 19.00 (kviradRis garda, qarTul-rusu-lad), 20.00 (orSabaTis garda), 22.00, 23.55

2004 (seqtembridan) — 11.00, 12.00 (SabaT-kviris garda), 13.00, 15.00, 16.00 (SabaT-kviris garda), 17.00 (SabaT-kviras), 19.00 (kviras), 20.00 (kviradRis garda, rusul enaze), 22.00, 23.55

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ZiriTadad yoveldRiurad pirdapir eTerSi gadaicemoda 7-8 gamoSveba (garda SabaT-kvirisa), dasvenebis dReebSi — 6 (1993-1995 wlebSi — 9 gamoSveba). pirveli gamoSveba diliT, 6 saaTsa da 3 wuTzea eTerSi, bolo — saRamos, 23 saaTsa da 50 an 55 wuTze. 1992-1995 wlebSi gamoSvebaTa qronometraJi 5, 10, 15 wuTia, 1996-2000 wlebSi — 3, 5, 8, 15 wuTi, Semdeg, 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi — 5-10 wuTi (dRis monakveTebis gaTvaliswi-nebiT). ZiriTadi sainformacio gamoSveba 22 saaTze, romelic dRis Sejamebas warmoadgens, stabilurad moicavs 20-25 wuTs (2004 wlis meore naxevarSi saqarTvelos radios bade radika-lurad Seicvala — igi e.w. `programuli borbalis~ princips daemyara da yvela sainformacio gamoSveba 5 wuTi gaxda).

dilis gamoSvebaSi, 6 saaTsa da 3 wuTze, rogorc wesi, sau-bari iyo gasuli dRis mTavar ambebze, Semdeg gamoSvebebSi ki TandaTanobiT Cndeboda uaxlesi informaciebi (1992-1995 wlebSi, magaliTad, saRamos 7 saaTis gamoSveba mTlianad eT-moboda sazRvargareTis axal ambebs — xSirad mas aseTi qvesa-Tauric hqonda `depeSebi sazRvargareTidan~). dRis manZilze operatiulad Suqdeboda sazogadoebrivi mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebi da movlenebi, gadaicemoda informaciebi saSinao da saerTaSoriso cxovrebis aqtualur sakiTxebze, politikis, ekonomikis, mecnierebis, kulturis, sportis Sesaxeb. amasTan, `mSral~ informacias, faqtebis fiqsacias xSirad erwymoda mokle analizic. es upiratesad damaxasiaTebeli iyo 22 saaTis gamoSvebisaTvis, romelic yvelaze vrceli iyo da dRis axali ambebis Sejamebas warmoadgenda.

1992-1995 wlebSi saqarTvelos radios sainformacio samsa-xuri operatiulad asaxavda qveyanaSi daZabul situacias, qar-Tul-osuri konfliqtis ganviTarebas, afxazeTSi mimdinare brZolebs, didi adgili eTmoboda 1992 wlis saparlamento da 1995 wlis saprezidento arCevnebs. sainformacio gamoSvebaSi sistematurad gadaicemoda kerZo biznesis ambebi, ganixilebo-da konfliqtis zonidan devnilTa sayofacxovrebo probleme-bi, regionebis cxovreba, kriminaluri mdgomareoba qveyanaSi da a.S. saerTaSoriso mimomxilveli irakli jafariZe msmene-lebs mouTxrobda msoflioSi mimdinare movlenebze, acnobda wamyvani saxelmwifoebis politikas saqarTvelos mimarT da sxv.

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1996-2000 wlebSi upiratesi yuradReba eqceoda qveynis politikuri da ekonomikuri stabilizaciis problemebs, te-ritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgenisa da saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTobis sakiTxebs, 1999 wlis saparlamento da 2000 wlis saprezidento arCevnebs, Suqdeboda kulturisa da xelovne-bis sakiTxebic.

2001-2004 wlebSi sainformacio gamoSvebebSi ZiriTadi ad-gili kvlav damoukidebeli saqarTvelos zemoT aRniSnul mudmiv problemebs ukavia, amas emateba 2003 wlis saparlamento arCevnebis wina da momdevno procesebis asaxva, `vardebis re-voluciisa~ da Semdgomi politikuri movlenebis warmoCena.

Tavidan sainformacio gamoSvebebs upiratesad ori wam-yvani uZRveboda — qali da mamakaci (ufro xSirad diqtorebi), Semdeg ki es funqcia daekisra Jurnalists (romelsac modera-tors uwodebdnen), ZiriTadad morige redaqtors. TiToeuli gamoSveba ramdenime siuJets da met-naklebad ramdenime Janrs moicavs: gvxvdeba reportaJebi, mokle interviuebi, gamosvle-bi, komentarebi, da a.S. bevr gamoSvebaSia pirdapiri CarTvebi `cxeli~ wertilebidan da sxva adgilebidan.

garda yoveldRiuri gamoSvebebisa, saqarTvelos radios informaciis mTavar redaqciaSi mzaddeboda specialuri sain-formacio programebi, romlebic eZRvneboda mniSvnelovan socialur-politikur RonisZiebebs, kulturul Tu spor-tul movlenebs. magaliTad, 1992 wels germaniis sagareo saq-meTa ministris hans ditrix genSeris saqarTveloSi Camosvlas mieZRvna specialuri gamoSveba `megobruli vizitiT~, romel-sac uZRveboda Tavad gadacemis avtori dimitri kikvaZe. sap-rezidento da saparlamento arCevnebs 1992, 1995, 1999, 2000, 2003 wlebSi Tan axlda damatebiTi specialuri sainformacio gamoSvebebi. aseve, zafxulobiT gadaicemoda specialuri ga-moSvebebi `gamocdebi, gamocdebi~, romelic qveynis umaRles saswavleblebSi mimdinare misaReb gamocdebs exeboda. specia-luri gamoSvebebi mieZRvna 1999 wels xelovnebis saerTaSori-so festivals `saCuqars~, romelic pirvelad Catarda saqar-TveloSi da a.S.

calke unda aRiniSnos is sainformacio gamoSvebebi, rom-lebic erT konkretul dargsa Tu Temas exeboda, socialuri

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sinamdvilis erTi sferos siaxleebs asaxavda (saerTaSoriso cxovreba, kultura, kriminaluri qronika, sporti). magali-Tad, 1992-1995 wlebSi yovel SabaTs 14 saaTze ucxoeTis axal ambebs acnobda msmenelebs 10-wuTiani sainformacio gamoSve-ba ìnterkurieri~. amave saxisa iyo 1998-1999 wels sainforma-cio programa `planetis ambebi~, romelic samuSao dReebSi ga-daicemoda 15 wuTis moculobiT. 1998 wels Tematur sainfor-macio gamoSvebas warmoadgenda agreTve yovelkvireuli `kulturuli cxovrebis qronika~ da programa `radiopatru-li~, romelic 1992-2003 wlebSi yoveldRiurad iyo eTerSi Sa-baT-kviris garda 10 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. mas uZRveboda ori Jurnalisti — maia TavarTqilaZe da koba kobaiZe (avtori). `radiopatruli~ aSuqebda respublikaSi momxdar kriminalur SemTxvevebs, acxadebda dakargulTa da samarTaldamcavTa mi-er Zebnil damnaSaveTa Sesaxeb, msmenelebs acnobda dRis kri-minalur qronikas.

saqarTvelos radioSi yovelTvis mniSvnelovani adgili eWira sportis axal ambebs da es tradicia grZeldeboda 1992-2004 wlebSic — operatiuli informaciebi sportis Sesaxeb ga-daicemoda sainformacio gamoSvebebsa da sainformacio-musi-kalur programebSi. garda amisa, sportuli programebis mTa-vari redaqcia amzadebda mudmiv rubrikebsa da calkeul ga-dacemebs am Temaze (radios sportuli gadacemebis ganyofi-leba, romelic manamde saqarTvelos teleradiomauwyeblobis sportuli programebis saerTo mTavar redaqciaSi Sedioda, 1994 wlidan damoukidebel samsaxurad Camoyalibda).

sportis axali ambebi operatiulad Suqdeboda rubrikaSi `5 wuTi sportis moyvarulTaTvis~, romelic 1991 wlidan kvi-raSi oTxjer gadioda eTerSi. 1994 wels am rubrikas ewoda `sportis moyvarulTaTvis~ da gadaicemoda imave periodu-lobiT 10 wuTis xangrZlivobiT; 1995-1997 wlebSi erqva `sporti~ da eTerSi iyo yoveldRe, kviris garda. 1995 wels sportul gadacemaTa ricxvs Seemata 10-wuTiani programa às-parezi~, romelic moicavda informaciebs saqarTvelosa da ucxoeTis sportuli movlenebis Sesaxeb, reportaJebs matCe-bidan da preskonferenciebidan, interviuebs, komentarebsa da sportul mimoxilvebs. 1998 wels `sports~ ewoda èstafe-

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ta~ da gadaicemoda dReSi samjer (7.15, 14.00, 22.20), yoveldRe, kviris garda (amzadebdnen sportuli Jurnalistebi: sandro cnobilaZe, givi gvencaZe, aleko jiblaZe, elene bilixoZe). 1999 wlis martidan, eTerSi `dilaadrianis~ damkvidrebis Sem-deg, 2004 wlis bolomde igi gadaicemoda dReSi orjer.

garda amisa, 1998 wels yovel diliT, kvira dRis gamokle-biT, 6 saaTsa da 13 wuTze gadaicemoda `sportis axali ambebi~. 1999 wlis april-seqtemberSi yovel SabaTs eTerSi iyo agreT-ve `safexburTo mimoxilva~ jer 10 da Semdeg 25 wuTis mocu-lobiT (aqve aRvniSnavT, rom 1999 wlamde ganagrZobda arsebo-bas yovelkvireuli tradiciuli naxevarsaaTiani sportuli programa `utevani~ — wamyvani Tamila kaxiZe). 2000 wlidan sportul mauwyeblobas Seemata yovelkvireuli gadacema `qarTuli sporti guSin, dRes, xval~ (20-25 wuTi), romelsac uZRvebodnen sportuli programebis mTavari redaqtori Ta-mila kaxiZe, Jurnalistebi: daviT minaSvili, aleko jiblaZe, nino axvlediani da sxv. 2001 wlis seqtembridan mas Seenacvla toqSou `sportuli programa `lelo~, romelmac samSabaTo-biT 14 saaTze `estafetas~ adgili daikava da arsebobda 2003 wlis bolomde. 2003 wels igi orSabaTobiT gadaicemoda Ria eTerSi naxevari saaTis xangrZlivobiT da masSi sportis moy-varuli radiomsmenelebi aqtiurad monawileobdnen satele-fono kavSiris saSualebiT. gadacemis stumrebi iyvnen saxel-ganTqmuli Tu axalbeda sportsmenebi, mwvrTnelebi, gulSe-matkivrebi da a.S. imarTeboda msjeloba sportis yvelaze aq-tualur da saWirboroto sakiTxebze (wamyvani Tamila kaxiZe).

gamokveTilad unda aRiniSnos saqarTvelos radioSi in-formaciul-musikaluri mauwyeblobis ganviTarebaze 1992-2004 wlebSi. informaciul-publicistur mauwyeblobaSi po-pularuli musikis intensiuri SemoWra da saestrado musika-luri programebis moZaleba naTlad gviCvenebs, rom Tanamed-rove mauwyebloba cdilobs musikis gasarTobi funqciis ga-moyenebas komunikaciuri efeqtis gazrdisaTvis. radios erT-erT popularul gadacemad kvlav rCeboda sainformacio-mu-sikaluri programa `pikis saaTi~. 1992-1998 wlebSi Seicvala misi eTerSi gasvlis dro da qronometraJi — gadaicemoda yo-veldRe, SabaT-kviris garda, diliT, 7 saaTsa da 50 wuTze 2-sa-

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aTiani gamoSveba da 12 saaTze da 17 saaTze — 1-saaTiani gamoS-veba. 1999 wlidan ki `dilaadrianis~ daarsebis gamo `pikis saa-Tis~ dilis gamoSvebam 8 saaTze gadainacvla. kidev erTi cvli-leba moxda 2004 wlis Semodgomaze, roca saqarTvelos radios bade radikalurad Seicvala — `pikis saaTisaTvis~ gamoiyo 1 sa-aTi da 30 wuTi dilis 8 saaTze da 1 saaTi saRamos, 17 saaTze.

`pikis saaTs~ Tavdapirvelad uZRveboda ori wamyvani: qa-li da mamakaci, Semdeg erTi pirovneba. sxvadasxva dros eseni iyvnen: oTar SaorSaZe, lili maRalaSvili, gela kapanaZe, do-do Sonava, nato oniani, ramaz qarTveliSvili, manana laWyepia-ni, lali bziaSvili, gogi CokoSvili, aleko farulava, baia Sa-raSiZe, nino rodonaia, aleko elisaSvili da sxv. dilis prog-ramis dasawyisSi isini msmenels acnobdnen gadacemis anonss da saqarTvelos hidrometcentris cnobas mosalodneli amin-dis Sesaxeb. Semdeg mas mohyveboda sainformacio gamoSveba wina dRiT momxdar mniSvnelovan movlenebze. `pikis saaTis~ daijesti mimoixilavda sazRvargareTis presis sayuradRebo publikaciebs (mogvianebiT gadaicemoda `doiCe veles~ mier mom-zadebuli ucxouri presis mimoxilva). intensiurad gamoiyene-boda qarTuli da ucxouri sainformacio saagentos masalebi.

`pikis saaTi~ yovelTvis mravalTemiani iyo. programaSi operatiulad Suqdeboda saqarTveloSi momxdari politiku-ri, socialuri da kulturuli movlenebi, mosaxleobis yofi-Ti problemebi. TiToeul Temas gamoyofili hqonda Tavisi rubrika, sxvadasxva sakiTxebis analizisaTvis studiaSi iwvev-dnen saTanado specialistebs, ewyoboda pirdapiri CarTvebi movlenebis epicentridan, programaSi gadaicemoda dRis ho-roskopi, rubrikiT `kalendari~ aRiniSneboda istoriuli Ta-riRebi, msmenels acnobdnen sportis axal ambebs, saubrob-dnen muzeumebze, kinosa da Teatris cxovrebaze, axal lite-raturul nawarmoebebze. rubrika `qronikebi didi mamuliSvi-lis cxovrebidan~ eTmoboda qarTuli literaturis, xelov-nebis, mecnierebis gamoCenil moRvaweebs. yuradRebis miRma arc msmeneli rCeboda. maTi TxovniT gadaicemoda gancxadebe-bi rubrikiT `satelefono zaris Semdeg~. 8 saaTze programas asrulebda sainformacio gamoSveba.

`pikis saaTi~ ufro mravalferovani gaxda 1992 wlidan,

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roca gaizarda misi qronometraJi da eTerSi gasvlis sixSire. saRamos gamoSvebaSi gamoCnda siuJetebi privatizaciis Sesa-xeb, romelic im periodSi metad aqtualuri iyo da msmenelTa did interess iwvevda (`privatizacia, siaxle, problemebi~, `privatizacia interesebis gzajvaredinze~, `privatizacia, rogor vemzadebiT?~ da a.S.). maT amzadebda Jurnalisti mari-ka silagaZe. programas daemata agreTve rubrikebi: `TxuTmet-saukunovani ganZi~ (literaturuli gverdi), `umniSvnelovane-si saerTaSoriso movlenebi~ (erTveboda `amerikis xma~), `kri-minaluri qronika~. gadaicemoda sarkinigzo da sahaero tran-sportis reisebis ganrigi.

programa gamoirCeoda Janrebis siuxviTac: mokle gamos-vla, interviu, komentari, korespondencia, reportaJi da a.S. 1999 wels maT daemata radiodadgmis formis gadacemac. es iyo 10-wuTiani seriali `Cveni ojaxi~ (scenaris avtori devi ivanov-Ciqovani), romelic TiTqmis `pikis saaTis~ yoveli di-lis gadacemaSi iyo CarTuli. igi erTi tradiciuli qarTuli ojaxis yoveldRiur problemebze mogviTxrobda da aqtiurad exmaureboda qveyanaSi mimdinare socialur-politikur da ekonomikur procesebs (amgvari saojaxo radioserialebi ev-ropul radioprogramebSi 50-iani wlebSi iRebs saTaves da, rogorc Cans, saukunis bolos saqarTveloSic SemoaRwia).

`pikis saaTis~ Semdeg saqarTvelos radioSi gaCnda araer-Ti programa, romelic uxvad iyenebda musikalur Canawerebs. 1999 wlis martidan eTerSi gavida axali sainformacio-musi-kaluri xasiaTis programa, ufro zustad, wamyvanebiT gaerTi-anebuli dilis gadacemebis bloki `dilaadrian~, romelic 6 saaTisa da 3 wuTidan pirdapir eTerSi gadaicemoda jer yo-vel samuSao dRes, Semdeg ki, maisidan — yoveldRiurad, SabaT-kviris CaTvliT. misi qronometraJi samuSao dReebSi ori saa-Ti iyo, xolo SabaT-kviras — sami saaTi. programa mokled exe-boda yvela Temas — politikas, ekonomikas, kulturas, saerTa-Soriso ambebs, Tumca mis mTavar mizans mainc radioaudito-riisTvis dilis ganwyobilebis Seqmna warmoadgenda. `dilaad-rian~ gamoirCeoda aseve auditoriasTan uSualo kontaqtiT. wamyvanebi xSirad sTavazobdnen msmenels raime improvizaci-ul Temaze saubars (magaliTad, `ras gaakeTeb radioJurna-

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listi rom iyo?~, `saukeTeso kuriozi~, `raze ocnebobT?~ da a.S.). amave dros, isini mTeli programis manZilze acnobdnen mas dRis gadacemaTa ganrigs, amindis prognozs, rCevas aZlev-dnen modis mimdevrebs, kulinarul receptebs sTavazobdnen diasaxlisebs da a.S. yuradRebis gareSe ar rCeboda arc Rir-sSesaniSnavi TariRebi. programas uZRvebodnen: Tamar cofu-raSvili, merab SariqaZe, Salva londariZe, irma jalaRonia, eka talaxaZe, giorgi nioraZe, nino azmaifaraSvili da sxv. igi eTerSi iyo 2004 wlis bolomde. yvelaferi es uxvad iyo gaje-rebuli sxvadasxva Janris xalisiani musikiTa da simRerebiT.

sainformacio-musikalur programebs unda mivakuTvnoT agreTve `eqvsidan Svidamde~ da `Tbilisi da Tbiliselebi~ (eTerSi ase cxaddeboda kidec). miuxedavad imisa, rom isini nakleboperatiuli, yovelkvireuli programebia da ufro vrcel siuJetebsac moicavs, ZiriTadad mainc informaciuli xasiaTisaa (gamosvlebi, interviuebi, reportaJebi) da musika-luri nomrebiT gaformebul mimoxilvebs emsgavseba.

programa `eqvsidan Svidamde~ faqtobrivad `pikis saaTis~ yovelkvireul rusul variants warmoadgenda da 1992-1993 wlebSi yovel SabaTs gadaicemoda, rogorc saxelwodeba gviC-venebs, saRamos eqvsidan Svid saaTamde. 1993 wlis zafxulidan mas ubralod `sainformacio-musikaluri programa~ daerqva, 1995 wlidan ki sabolood ewoda `kviris Sedegebi~ da 2004 wlis bolomde yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda SabaTs an kviras 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. programa gaTvaliswinebuli iyo sa-qarTvelos rusulenovani mosaxleobisaTvis da exeboda kvi-ris yvela mniSvnelovan movlenas. sxvadasxva wlebSi mas amza-debdnen informaciis mTavari redaqciis rusulenovani jgu-fis Jurnalistebi: Tamaz kandelaki, iuri dekanosiZe, Tamar sogoraSvili, mzia kutivaZe, elna mumlaZe, Temur nadiraSvi-li, maka roitbaki-dedabriSvili, irina Cuprinina-kikvaZe (aqve SevniSnavT, rom bolo sami Jurnalisti rusuli respubliku-ri cnobebis TanamSromlebs daemata gacvliTi programebis redaqciisa da `gadacema sabWoTa armiis meomrebisaTvis~ da-xurvis Semdeg. saqarTvelos radioSi bolo dromde am jgufs evaleboda yvela rusulenovani gadacemis momzadeba, ro-gorc operatiuli sainformacio gamoSvebebis, ise publicis-

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turi programebis da misi xelmZRvaneli guram kuciava in-formaciis mTavari redaqciis mTavari redaqtoris moadgi-led iTvleboda).

1992-1993 wlebSi informaciis mTavar redaqciaSi aseve grZeldeboda sainformacio-musikaluri programis `Tbilisi da Tbiliselebis~ momzadeba. igi gadaicemoda yovel SabaTs dilis saaTebSi 45 wuTis xangrZlivobiT da asaxavda dedaqa-laqis cxovrebas, misi mosaxleobis problemebs. aqtualur, saWirboroto sakiTxebze sasaubrod studiaSi xSirad iwvev-dnen sxvadasxva profesiisa Tu socialuri fenis warmomad-genlebs. radgan gadacema pirdapiri xasiaTisa iyo, msmenels SeeZlo aqtiurad Cabmuliyo am saubarSi, gamoeTqva sakuTari azri, mieRo pasuxi misTvis saintereso kiTxvaze. programa mo-icavda mudmiv rubrikebs politikis, ekonomikis, kulturis, ekologiis da a.S. sakiTxebze.

rogorc msoflios mravali radiosadguris praqtikaSi, ise saqarTvelos radios programaSic erTgvari damatebiTi sainformacio gamoSvebis rols asrulebda presis mimoxilva. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebis pirveli naxevari. 1992-1995 wlebSi eTerSi mudmivad iyo rubrika `respublikuri yoveldRiuri presis mimoxilva~, romelic gadaicemoda yoveldRe, garda SabaT-kvirisa. Tavda-pirvelad igi msmenelebs acnobda respublikaSi im dros gamo-mavali yvela Jurnal-gazeTis saintereso da mniSvnelovan statiebs, 1993 wlidan ki — mxolod `saqarTvelos respubli-kis~ furclebze dabeWdil masalebs.

1992-1995 wlebSi kviraSi 4-5-jer gadaicemoda ucxoeTis mediis masalebze agebuli 45-wuTiani `saqarTvelos radios daijesti~ (igi erTxans 1998 welsac gamoCnda ufro mcire qronometraJiT). igi iZleoda rogorc politikur, ise kul-turul informacias, presasTan erTad zogjer iyenebda radi-osadgur `amerikis xmis~ mier gavrcelebul cnobebsac. ucxoe-Tis Jurnal-gazeTebSi dabeWdil umniSvnelovanes statiebs, agreTve sensaciur informaciebs acnobda qarTvel msmene-lebs aseve programa `pres-reviu~, romelic 1998-1999 wlebSi yovelkvireulad 2-3-jer iyo eTerSi (qronometraJi 10 wuTi).

1993 wels mzaddeboda programa `qarTuli damoukidebe-

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li presis mimoxilva~, romelic kviraSi oTxjer gadaicemoda 20 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. misi gamoCena ganapiroba saqarTve-loSi demokratizaciis procesma, Tavisufali sityvis ganvi-Tarebam da sxvadasxva mimarTulebis damoukidebeli Jurnal-gazeTebis masobrivad gamocemam.

ase rom, 1992-2004 wlebSi saqarTvelos radioSi operati-ul-informaciul mauwyeblobas wamyvani adgili uWiravs. in-formaciuli xasiaTis gadacemebi TiTqmis yvelaze met dros ikavebs. wina planze wamoiwia faqtebisa da movlenebis opera-tiulma fiqsaciam, maTma `cocxlad~ gadmocemam pirdapir eTerSi, rac upirvelesad uaxles informaciaze auditoriis mzardi moTxovnilebiT aris gamowveuli.

publicisturi mauwyeblobis meore mimarTulebas warmo-adgens Tematur-analitikuri mauwyebloba, romelsac praqti-kaSi ufro sazogadoebriv-politikur mauwyeblobas uwo-deben (Tumca Tavisi arsiT informaciuli mauwyeblobac sa-zogadoebriv-politikuri xasiaTisaa). igi moicavs saSinao da sagareo politikis, ekonomikis, kulturis, samarTlisa da mo-ralis, yofa-cxovrebis sakiTxebs da a.S. mas Tavisi aqtualu-robisa da gamokveTili propagandistuli xasiaTis gamo (faq-tebisa da movlenebis interpretacia-ganzogadeba, cxovrebi-seuli tendenciebis gaazreba da sazogadoebisaTvis garkveu-li socialuri orientirebis dasaxva) yovelTvis didi adgili ekava saqarTvelos radios programaSi. magram 90-iani wlebi-dan, jer kidev pirveli erovnuli xelisuflebis droidan, igi Tavisi suliskveTebiT radikalurad gansxvavdeboda wina aT-wleulebisagan.

ZiriTadi Tavisebureba, rac axasiaTebs 90-iani wlebisa da axali saukunis dasawyisis saqarTvelos radios sazogadoeb-riv-politikur mauwyeblobas, isaa, rom igi uSualod ukav-Sirdeba mimdinare socialur-politikur, ekonomikur da kulturul movlenebs, Rebulobs operatiuli analizis for-mas da faqtobrivad sainformacio-analitikur mauwyeblobad yalibdeba. amasTan, 1992-2004 wlebSi saqarTvelos radio gan-sakuTrebiT politizebuli xdeba da politikuri Temebi programaSi wamyvan adgils ikavebs. es, ra Tqma unda, ganapiro-ba saqarTvelos damoukidebel saxelmwifod Camoyalibebam,

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orjer xelisuflebis Secvlam, teritoriuli mTlianobis rRvevam, politikur Zalebs Soris gamudmebulma dapirispi-rebam da sxva Sida Tu gare faqtorebma. am periodis gadacema-Ta reitingi cxadyofs, rom radioauditoria aSkara upirate-sobas aniWebs politikuri informaciiT gajerebul gadace-mebs, aqtiurad monawileobs amgvar programebSi satelefono kavSirisa da werilebis meSveobiT. TandaTan xSirdeba studia-Si politikuri liderebis mowveva da msmenelebis pirdapiri kontaqti maTTan programis msvlelobaSi. dialoguri gadace-mebi scildeba studiis farglebs da toqSoud gadaqcevis tendencias iCens.

1992 wels saqarTvelos radioSi daiwyo 45-wuTiani yovel-kvireuli programis `reglamentis~ momzadeba, romelic 1993-1999 wlebSi naxevarsaaTiani gaxda da kviraSi orjer gadaice-moda eTerSi. `reglamenti~ operatiulad aSuqebda qveynis sa-Sinao da sagareo politikis sakiTxebs, sakanonmdeblo da aR-masrulebeli xelisuflebis muSaobas, afxazeTSi brZolebis mimdinareobas, ekonomikuri reformebis ZiriTad mimarTule-bebs da sxv. programaSi saubrobdnen adamianis uflebaTa dac-vaze, mosaxleobis socialur garantiebze, umuSevrobis zrda-ze, sxva yofiT problemebze (wamyvanebi: lia wiklauri, lela vaSakiZe, medea cxovrebaZe).

amave wels gamoCnda eTerSi 1-saaTiani yovelkvireuli programa `faqti plusi~, romelSic yvelaze mniSvnelovan faqtebsa da movlenebs emateba maTi analizi. programa Tema-turadac da Janrobrivadac mravalferovani iyo — exmaurebo-da yvela siaxles, ganixilavda politikur, ekonomikur, soci-alur, kulturul problemebs. `reglamentisagan~ gansxvave-biT igi pirdapir eTerSi gadaicemoda da did dros uTmobda radiomsmenelebis urTierTobas studiaSi mowveul pirebTan. ZiriTadad erT gamoSvebaSi erTi aqtualuri Tema ganixilebo-da. Tu romelime stumari studiaSi mosvlas ver moaxerxebda, igi kamaTSi satelefono kavSiris saSualebiT erTveboda. sxvadasxva dros programaSi monawileobdnen iuristebi zu-rab adeiSvili da inga Todria, religiamcodne nugzar papuaS-vili, fsiqologi nana CaCua, strategiul gamokvlevaTa cen-tris direqtori naTela saxokia, politologebi soso cinca-

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Ze da paata zaqareiSvili, fsiqologiuri centris direqtori manana SaraSiZe da sxv. 2003 wels programis xSiri stumari iyo mixeil saakaSvili. `faqti plusi~ 1995-2004 wlebSi 40-50 wu-Tis xangrZlivobiT gadaicemoda. mas sxvadasxva dros uZRve-bodnen marika CxartiSvili (programis pirveli avtori), do-do Sonava da irma jalaRonia.

1993-1995 wlebSi kviris ganmavlobaSi momxdar faqtebsa da movlenebs aanalizebda yovelkvireuli 50-wuTiani prog-rama `aqtualuri mikrofoni~ — studiaSi mowveul pirebTan erTad maT Sesaxeb pirdapir eTerSi msjelobdnen radiomsme-nelebic. xSirad iyo satelefono CarTvebi sxvadasxva regio-nebidan an movlenis adgilidan. programas monacvleobiT uZRvebodnen Jurnalistebi: nodar beTaniSvili, ilia mxeiZe, Tamaz xmalaZe. 1996-1999 wlebSi programa Seicvala imave sa-xelwodebis 15-wuTiani rubrikiT, romelic kviraSi ramdeni-mejer gadaicemoda pirdapir eTerSi da konkretuli proble-mebis gadaWraze amaxvilebda yuradRebas — warmatebiT iTav-sebda wminda organizatorul funqcias. rubrikas uZRveboda saqarTvelos radios politikuri mimomxilveli nodar beTa-niSvili.

1993 wels sazogadoebriv-politikur mauwyeblobas Seema-ta 1-saaTiani yovelkvireuli sainformacio-analitikuri programa `dRes~. igi iwyeboda sainformacio blokiT kviris manZilze momxdari movlenebis Sesaxeb. Semdgom ganixileboda dRis yvelaze mniSvnelovani informacia. studiaSi mowveuli iyvnen sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis sxvadasxva sferos warmo-madgenlebi — politikosebi, ekonomistebi, sociologebi, fsiqologebi, literatorebi da a.S. TiTqmis yvela gamoSveba-Si ganixileboda respublikis konfliqtur regionebSi Seqmni-li situacia, msoflios damokidebuleba mis mimarT, saqar-Tvelo-ruseTis urTierToba, qveyanaSi Seqmnili yofiTi problemebi, devnilTa mdgomareoba, ekonomikuri krizisi da a.S. programa gadaicemoda Canaweris saxiT, uZRvebodnen Jur-nalistebi: lia wiklauri, medea cxovrebaZe, arCil CxartiSvi-li. 1996-1999 wlebSi `dRes~ naxevarsaaTiani gaxda, uZRveboda avtori — lia wiklauri.

Zneli SesamCnevi araa, rom yvela zemoT ganxiluli prog-

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rama erTmaneTis msgavsia. gansxvaveba mxolod isaa, rom zogi pirdapir gadaicema eTerSi da zogi Canaweris saxiT. magali-Tad, 1992-1999 wlebSi yovelkvireulad eTerSia sami erTnairi gadacema: `reglamenti~, `faqti plusi~ da `dRes~ (aRarafers vambobT `aqtualur mikrofonze~, romelsac 1993-1995 wlebSi aseve maTi msgavsi programis saxe aqvs). wamyvanebis nawilic or erTnair gadacemas uZRveba da TviTon am gadacemebSic ar-cTu iSviaTad erTi da igive pirebi monawileoben. aseTi situ-acia an isev radios zedmeti politizaciiT aixsneba, anda programirebis xarvezebiT da igi 2000 wlidan ramdenadme da-regulirda kidec.

1992 wels kvlav grZeldeboda 1-saaTiani rusulenovani sazogadoebriv-politikuri programis `speqtris~ gadacema. 1993-1996 wlebSi misi xangrZlivoba 25 wuTamde Semcirda, 1997-1998 wlebSi ki Seicvala axali gadacemiT `Tema~. es iyo politikuri toqSou, romelic yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda pirdapir eTerSi 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (rigrigobiT uZRve-bodnen Jurnalistebi: maia roitbaki-dedabriSvili, mzia ku-tivaZe, Temur nadiraSvili, irina Cuprinina). orive programa rusulenovani mosaxleobisTvis iyo gankuTvnili da igive funqciebi ekisreboda, rac zemoT ganxilul qarTul sazoga-doebriv-politikur programebs.

sxva programebidan aRsaniSnavia yovelkvireuli progra-ma `faqti, komentari~ (1997-1998), romelsac pirdapir eTerSi uZRveboda Jurnalisti nino cxoiZe. auditorias saSualeba hqonda moesmina sxvadasxva mosazreba problematuri sakiTxe-bis irgvliv, gacnoboda politikuri partiebis cxovrebas, xe-lisuflebasa da opozicias Soris arsebul winaaRmdegobebs, qveynis teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgenis perspeqtivebs da a.S.

1996 wlidan tradiciad iqca saqarTvelos prezidentis eduard SevardnaZis interviu, romelic yovel orSabaTs, di-lis 10 saaTze gadaicemoda naxevari saaTis xangrZlivobiT. igi pasuxs scemda im kiTxvebs, romelic ainteresebda saqar-Tvelos mosaxleobas, komentars ukeTebda kviris manZilze momxdar mniSvnelovan movlenebs, saubrobda momavlis gegmeb-ze da a.S. Tumca ZiriTadad es interviu sazogadoebrivi az-riT manipulirebisTvis iyo gankuTvnili, igi uTuod iwvevda

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radiomsmenelebis didi nawilis interess. intervius mudmi-vad uZRveboda Jurnalisti nato oniani (gadacema preziden-tis gadadgomamde grZeldeboda).

2000-2001 wlebSi sazogadoebriv-politikuri programe-bis ricxvs miemata programa `politika de faqto~, romelic kviraSi erTxel, SabaTobiT, mimoixilavda rogorc saqarTve-los, ise sazRvargareTis politikur cxovrebas (avtori da wamyvani lia wiklauri). aseve politikuri xasiaTis iyo prog-rama `rakursi~, romelic 2000-2002 wlebSi kviraSi orjer ga-daicemoda 50 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (wamyvani lia wiklauri).

toqSous forma, romelic iTvaliswinebs gadacemaSi radi-omsmenelebis aqtiur monawileobas satelefono CarTvebis meSveobiT da axasiaTebda zemoT ganxilul radioprogramebs, yvelaze TvalsaCinod gamovlinda `radioklub `kontaqtSi~ (isic ar unda iyos SemTxveviTi, rom mas Tavidanve `klubi~ uwodes da ara `programa~, xolo `kontaqti~ radiomsmeneleb-Tan uSualo kavSiris principze migvaniSnebda). igi eTerSi ga-dioda 1992 wlidan 2004 wlis bolomde, yovel SabaTs, 1 saaTis moculobiT. Tumca `kontaqti~ `pikis saaTis~ redaqciaSi aR-mocenda, mas Tavidan monacvleobiT amzadebdnen sxvadasxva redaqciis TanamSromlebi da eTerSi sxvadasxva Jurnalisti uZRveboda (magaliTad, lia ZiZiguri, nato oniani, lia wikla-uri, Tamaz xmalaZe da sxv.). bolo 10 wlis manZilze ki `klu-bis~ erTpirovnuli wamyvani gaxda Jurnalisti giorgi CokoS-vili. `klubSi~ saubrobdnen mniSvnelovan politikur, ekono-mikur, socialur Tu sxva movlenebze, rac kviris manZilze qveyanaSi an mis farglebs gareT moxda. studiaSi mowveuli sxvadasxva sferos warmomadgenlebi pirdapir eTerSi aanali-zebdnen am movlenebs da ekamaTebodnen telefonis meSveobiT gadacemaSi monawile radiomsmenelebs. gansakuTrebiT didi dro eTmoboda prezident e. SevardnaZis orSabaTis interviu-Si wamoWril sakiTxebs, xSirad am intervius fragmentebsac iyenebdnen.

garkveuli TaviseburebiT xasiaTdeboda yovelkvireuli naxevarsaaTiani sainformacio-analitikuri programa `aTasi wvrilmani~ (1993-1997 wlebi). igi exmaureboda yvela movlenas, rac saqarTveloSi xdeboda, iqneboda es politikuri, ekono-

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mikuri Tu socialuri xasiaTisa. programaSi CarTuli iyo re-portaJebi da interviuebi, magram, rac mTavaria, programis avtori da wamyvani ilia kevliSvili studiaSi kiTxulobda radiomsmenelTa mier gamogzavnil werilebs da kompetenturi pirebis daxmarebiT pasuxobda maT kiTxvebs. es albaT erTa-derTi gadacemaa 1991-2004 wlebis publicistur mauwyeblo-baSi, sadac komunikatorisa da auditoriis urTierTkavSiri momentalurad ki ar xorcieldeba pirdapir eTerSi satele-fono CarTvebiT, aramed radiomsmenelTa werilebis meSveo-biT. rogorc Cans, aq garkveuli roli Seasrula im gamocdi-lebam, romelic avtorma werilebze agebuli gadacemebis — `saRamo mSvidobisa~ da `studenturi diskoTekis~ momzadebi-sas SeiZina.

faqtobrivad, àTasi wvrilmanis~ gagrZelebas warmoad-genda ilia kevliSvilis meore programa ìnformacia gansji-saTvis~, romelic 1997 wlis noembridan 2004 wlamde yovel-kvireulad gadaicemoda pirdapir eTerSi 30 wuTis xangrZli-vobiT. programa ZiriTadad socialur Temebs exeboda, ganixi-leboda problemuri sakiTxebi, romlebic yvelaze metad awu-xebda mosaxleobas: ekonomikuri krizisi, adamianis uflebe-bis darRveva, socialurad daucveli fenebisa da iZulebiT gadaadgilebulTa mdgomareoba, qveynis kulturisa da spor-tis degradacia da a.S. programas ZiriTadad erTi stumari hyavda, iSviaTad — ramdenime. erTsa da imave programas zog-jer ramdenime gadacema eTmoboda (magaliTad, sam-sami gada-cema momzadda ninowmindaSi upatrono bavSvTa saxlis daarse-bisa da gazis saerTaSoriso korporacia ìteras~ Sesaxeb). Tu àTas wvrilmanSi~ ufro reportaJebi Warbobda, es programa ZiriTadad studiur dialogze iyo agebuli, Tumca zogjer aqac iyo xolme satelefono CarTvebi.

1999 wlis Tebervlidan eTerSi gavida Jurnalist ilia kevliSvilis kidev erTi saavtoro gadacema `cxeli talRa~, romelic 2003 wlis noembramde yovel xuTSabaTs iyo eTerSi 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT — jer gadaicemoda SuadRisTvis, Sem-deg ki imave dRes meordeboda saRamos saaTebSi (2002 wels igi `radio-2~-is programaSic iyo CarTuli). igi ewyoboda Tbili-sis meris vano zodelavas misaRebidan da xSirad ramdenime sa-

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xelwodebiT cxaddeboda: `cxeli talRa~ anu vano zodelavas radiomisaRebi~, `vano zodelava da Tbiliselebi~. gadacema xan pirdapir eTerSi iyo (saWiroebis mixedviT), xan kidev Cana-weris saxiT miewodeboda msmenels. studiaSi, ufro zustad, meris misaRebSi, wamyvanTan erTad mxolod erTi respondenti ijda — Tavad qalaqis meri da Jurnalisti xSirad usvamda xazs mis damsaxurebas qalaqis mwvave problemebis gadawyvetaSi. gadacemis pirveli nawili eTmoboda dedaqalaqis problemeb-ze saubars, xolo meore — Semosul werilebze pasuxis gacemas, daxmarebis Txovnaze gamoxmaurebas. zogjer gadacemaSi er-Tveboda Canaweri Tbilisis quCebSi Catarebuli gamokiTxvebi-dan, sadac moqalaqeebi saubrobdnen TavianT yofiT proble-mebze da mers sTavazobdnen saqmian winadadebebs. unda iTqvas, rom `cxeli talRa~ am periodSi saqarTvelos radios yvela gadacemaze metad asrulebda Jurnalistikis organizatorul funqcias da garkveulwilad xels uwyobda konkretuli sa-kiTxebis gadawyvetas.

2002-2004 wlebSi pirdapir eTerSi iyo gadacema `gansxva-vebuli azri~. mis Taviseburebas Seadgenda is, rom uZRveboda ara profesiuli Jurnalisti (Tumca sazogadoebriv-politi-kuri gadacemebis mTavar redaqciaSi mzaddeboda da uSualod xelmZRvanelobda mTavari redaqtori), aramed garedan mowve-uli, sazogadoebisaTvis avtoritetuli pirovneba, romelic erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi muSaobda gadacemaTa erT ciklze er-Ti Temis garSemo. am Temis mixedviT wamyvani Tavad irCevda da studiaSi iwvevda saWiro pirebs. sxvadasxva dros `gansxvave-buli azris~ wamyvanebi iyvnen: mxatvari gia buRaZe (`saxelmwi-foebrivi orientacia~), profesori valeri loria (`konsti-tuciuri SeTanxmeba saxelmwifosa da eklesias Soris~), poeti rati amaRlobeli (`Tbilisi — Cemi qalaqi~), reJisori merab kokoCaSvili (`saqvelmoqmedo saqmianoba saqarTveloSi~) da sxv. `gansxvavebuli azri~ ZiriTadad emyareboda studiuri dialogis formas, gadaicemoda pirdapir eTerSi kviraSi or-jer, 45 wuTis xangrZlivobiT.

aqtiuri politikuri Tu socialuri problematikiT dat-virTuli gadacemebis gverdiT kvlav grZeldeboda medea ge-geSiZis saavtoro programis `TanagrZnobis~ gadacema. igi,

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rogorc adre aRiniSna, 1989 wels Seiqmna da avtoris gardac-valebamde, 1999 wlis Suaxanebamde yovel SabaTs iyo eTerSi 1 saaTis moculobiT. Tavisi TiTqmis ormocwliani moRvaweobis manZilze saqarTvelos radioSi medea gegeSiZem mravali Sesa-niSnavi gadacema moamzada da mraval popularul rubrikas Ca-uyara safuZveli, magram misi Jurnalisturi niWi da gamocdi-leba yvelaze metad gamoikveTa swored programa `TanagrZno-baSi~, romelic eTerSi `radioarxis~ saxeliT gadioda. es iyo marTlac adamianis TanagrZnobis, misi siyvarulisa da ndobis radioarxi, mxatvruli radiopublicistikis namdvili nimuSi. nimuSi imisa, Tu rogor SeiZleba adamianebis gamxneveba, ime-dis Canergva, siyvarulisa da sikeTis rwmenis dabruneba, ra-sac swored im periodSi — ngreviT, tanjviTa da uimedobiT aRsavse 90-ian wlebSi hqonda yvelaze didi mniSvneloba.

radioarx `TanagrZnobis~ Tematuri da Janrobrivi struq-tura xSirad icvleboda gadacemidan gadacemamde: xan gulax-dili interviuebi Warbobda, xan portretuli Canaxatebi Tu reportaJuli dakvirvebani; studiaSi mowveul cnobil poets aseve cnobili fsiqologi cvlida (rubrika `adamianis insti-tuti~), fsiqologs — sruliad ubralo, rigiTi adamiani, mag-ram uaRresad saintereso swored Tavisi ubraloebiTa da ada-mianuri RirsebiT. `TanagrZnobis~ mudmivi rubrikebi iyo: `sa-ukunis dasawyisidan~, `cxovreba baraTebSi~ (Jurnalisti maia wereTeli msmenels acnobda gamoCenil qarTvel SemoqmedTa werilebs), `zepiri memuarebi~ (saxviTi xelovnebis warmomad-genelTa cxovrebaze), `medalionebi~ (portretuli radionar-kvevebi) da sxv. xSirad kiTxulobdnen nawyvetebs axalgamosu-li wignebidan, msjelobdnen istoriis, religiis, sportis sa-kiTxebze da a.S. `TanagrZnobis~ bevr gamoSvebas yovelTvis eq-neba Tavisi Rirebuleba. isini daculia radios iSviaTi Canawe-rebis fondSi da 2004 wlamde drodadro gadaicemoda kidec.

1992-2003 wlebSi grZeldeboda agreTve zogierTi tradi-ciuli programis momzadebac. pirvel rigSi es iyo programa `lile~ — gaTanamedrovebuli varianti `soflis dilisa~, ro-melic saqarTvelos radioSi 50-60-iani wlebidan arsebobda. `lile~ mzaddeboda saxalxo meurneobis mTavar redaqciaSi, soflis meurneobis ganyofilebaSi (es redaqcia, rogorc ad-

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rec aRiniSna, mogvianebiT sazogadoebriv-politikuri gada-cemebis mTavar redaqciasTan gaerTianda) da 1992-1998 wlebSi gadaicemoda yoveldRe, garda SabaT-kvirisa, adrian diliT, 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. uZRvebodnen Jurnalistebi: dilar jvebenava, zurab maxaraZe, gela zedelaSvili, megi janeliZe, barbare benaSvili. 1998 wlis ivlisidan misi perioduloba Se-icvala — igi mxolod SabaT-kviras gadaicemoda da monacvle-obiT uZRvebodnen dilar jvebenava da zurab maxaraZe.

`lile~ operatiulad aSuqebda saqarTvelos soflis me-urneobaSi mimdinare procesebs, cdilobda aesaxa am sferoSi arsebuli siaxleebi da problemebi. igi moicavda mokle sain-formacio gamoSvebas, mudmiv rubrikebs: `sasoflo-sameur-neo mimoxilva~, `rCeva mebaRes~, `soflis gasaWiri~ (interviu-ebi raionis xelmZRvanelobasTan, TviTon mSromelebTan — me-venaxeebTan, mwyemsebTan da a.S.). studiaSi xSirad iwvevdnen dargis specialistebs. 1998 wlis ivlisidan, roca `lile~ Sa-baT-kviras damkvidrda, zogierTma misma rubrikam (`kalei-doskopi~, `rCeva mebaRes~, `saqarTvelos soflebi~, `Wotebi da torolebi~) damoukidebeli gadacemis saxe miiRo da `di-laadrianis~ blokSi gadainacvla. aseve `liles~ paralelu-rad gadaicemoda eTerSi 2001-2004 wlebSi yovelkvireuli 30-wuTiani programa `amer-imeri~, romelsac monacvleobiT am-zadebdnen Jurnalistebi: ivane jafariZe da dilar jvebenava (am ukanasknelis gardacvalebis Semdeg — barbare benaSvili).

1992-2004 wlebSi mzaddeboda sxva gadacemebic, romlebic dargobrivi Tu ara, gamokveTili Tematuri mimarTulebiT ma-inc gamoirCeoda. ucxoeTis qveynebze mauwyeblobis mTavari redaqcia 1992-1995 wlebSi kvlav gadascemda yovelkvireul 20-wuTian programas `qveynebi da kontinentebi~. studiaSi mowveuli saerTaSoriso mimomxilvelebi saubrobdnen ucxo-eTSi mimdinare movlenebze, kviris axal ambebze, ganixilav-dnen Cveni qveynis sagareo politikis mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs, saqarTvelos kontaqtebs gare samyarosTan. programaSi Car-Tuli iyo interviuebi sazRvargareTis qveynebis warmomadgen-lebTan, reportaJebi ucxour delegaciaTa vizitebis Sesaxeb da a.S. 2000-2001 wlebSi am programis erTgvar analogs warmo-adgenda yovelkvireuli 20-wuTiani gadacema `mzera Tbilisi-

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dan~ (avtori Samil WiabriSvili, wamyvani TamTa kokelaZe). ucxoeTSi mcxovreb qarTvel emigrantebs eZRvneboda ama-

ve redaqciis programa `gza~ (albaT igulisxmeboda is gza, romelic ganvlo 20-iani wlebidan evropas TavSefarebulma qarTulma politikurma emigraciam). igi gadaicemoda 1992-2003 wlebSi kviraSi erTxel, 45 wuTis xangrZlivobiT, uZRve-boda Jurnalisti nana lomiZe. programaSi xSirad iyo inter-viuebi sazRvargareT moRvawe qarTvelebTan, msmenelebs ac-nobdnen ucxoeTSi arsebuli qarTuli organizaciebis saqmia-nobas da a.S. dasamaxsovrebeli iyo gadacema viqtor nozaZis Sesaxeb, romelSic CarTuli iyo `radiosadgur `Tavisufle-bis~ qarTulenovani mauwyeblobis veteranis karlo inasari-Zis adrindeli interviu parizSi mcxovreb 80 wlis viqtor no-zaZesTan da nana lomiZis interviu viqtor nozaZis ZmisSvil xaTuna nozaZesTan. aseve, msmenelTa didi interesi gamoiwvia gadacemam safrangeTSi mcxovrebi qarTveli poetis giorgi yifianis cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebaze, grigol robaqiZeze, mi-xako wereTelze, noe Jordanias ojaxze da sxv. es gadacemebi mzaddeboda germaniaSi mcxovrebi Jurnalistis, radio `Tavi-suflebis~ qarTuli ganyofilebis yofili direqtoris karlo inasariZis arqivis safuZvelze. radioprogramas did daxmare-bas uwevdnen agreTve profesori guram SaraZe, qarTuli emig-raciis muzeumi, TvalsaCino qarTveli mwerlebi da sazogado moRvaweebi, visac urTierToba hqonda qarTul emigraciasTan.

rogorc cnobilia, gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebidan ucx-oeTSi axali qarTuli emigraciis Camoyalibeba daiwyo (sxva-dasxva monacemebiT sazRvargareTis qveynebSi milionamde Cve-ni Tanamemamulea wasuli saarsebo wyaros mosapoveblad). ami-tom sruliad bunebrivia, rom amave redaqciaSi maTTvis daiwy-es axali programis `yovelTa qarTvelTas~ momzadeba. prog-rama Seiqmna 1996 wels organizacia `yovelTa qarTvelTa kon-gresis~ TanadgomiT da 2000 wlis bolomde yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda eTerSi 20 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. cxadia, am gada-cemis ZiriTadi stumrebi da gmirebi swored samSoblos mowy-vetili Cveni Tanamemamuleebi iyvnen. programa `yovelTa qar-TvelTa~ xSirad gadaicemoda qvesaTaurebiT: `qarTvelebi TurqeTSi~, `qarTvelebi parizSi~, qarTvelebi berlinSi~ da a.S.

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erTTemiani, gamokveTili mimarTulebis gadacemebs gane-kuTvneboda radioprograma `mxedruli~, romelic 1992-2004 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda eTerSi naxevari saaTis xangrZlivobiT. programis mTavari Tema iyo erovnuli armiis mSenebloba, misi dRevandeli cxovreba da momavali ganviTa-rebis gzebi. ganixileboda saqarTvelos saSinao da sagareo samxedro politikis, samxedro-samoqalaqo urTierTobis aq-tualuri sakiTxebi. 1992-1993 wlebSi farTod Suqdeboda af-xazeTSi mimdinare brZolebi da programis audioarqivs bevri qarTveli mebrZolis, samSoblosaTvis Tavdadebuli mamuliS-vilis xma SemorCa. programaSi xSirad iyo reportaJebi saqar-Tvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi ganlagebuli sajariso nawilebi-dan, interviuebi jariskacebTan da meTaurebTan, Suqdeboda saqarTvelosa da sazRvargareTis samxedro-politikuri ur-TierTobebi, samxedro ganaTlebis sakiTxebi da sxv. regula-rulad gadaicemoda informaciebi sazRvargareTis qveynebSi samxedro momzadebis, saqarTveloSi ucxoeli umaRlesi sam-xedro pirebis vizitebis, Tanamedrove samxedro bazebSi da-nergili uaxlesi teqnologiebis, wvrTnisa da aRWurvis prog-ramebSi Cveni monawileobis Sesaxeb da a.S. programa `mxed-ruls~ Tan mosdevda naxevarsaaTiani koncerti `erovnuli ar-miis meomrebisaTvis~.

TiTo-orola gadacema mzaddeboda qalebisaTvis da qale-bis Sesaxebac. ase magaliTad, 1992-1993 wlebSic kvlavindebu-rad gadaicemoda yovelkvireuli 45-wuTiani programa `mxo-lod qalebisaTvis~, romelsac amzadebda sainformacio-musi-kaluri programis `pikis saaTis~ saredaqcio jgufi (wamyvane-bi: nana jafariZe, marika darCia, nino ramiSvili, manana laWye-piani). programis yvela gamoSvebaSi msmenelebs (savaraudod, qalebs) aZlevdnen kosmetologiur rCevebs, acnobdnen kuli-narul receptebs qarTuli da ucxouri kerZebis mosamzadeb-lad. studiaSi mowveuli stumrebi saubrobdnen iseT globa-lur problemebze, rogoricaa narkomania, Sidsi, alkoholiz-mi, qalTa uflebebis darRveva da a.S. programis yvela gamoS-vebaSi msmeneli xvdeboda gamoCenil qarTvel qalbatonebs, ismenda maTTan intervius Tu reportaJs ojaxidan. programis mudmivi rubrika iyo `vuxmobT dedaTa CvenTa~ (bavSvTa aR-

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zrdis Sesaxeb), agreTve rubrikebi: `qali da musika~, `Teatri da ojaxi~ (momReral da msaxiob qalTa cxovrebaze) da sxv.

1995-1998 wlebSi programas `mxolod qalebisaTvis~, moh-yva `programa qalebisaTvis~ anu gepatiJebiT radioklubSi `finjan Caize~. mas amzadebda saSinao politikis mTavari re-daqcia, mecnierebisa da teqnikuri progresis jgufi, gadaice-moda kviraSi erTxel, 45 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (wamyvanebi: na-nuli WavWaniZe, irine keSelava, barbare benaSvili). programa, cxadia, ZiriTadad aSuqebda im problemebs, romlebic qalebis saqmianobasa da yofa-cxovrebasTan iyo dakavSirebuli. stu-diaSi mowveuli cnobili qarTveli mandilosnebi tradiciu-lad saubrobdnen TavianT cxovrebasa da saqmianobaze. gada-cemaSi CarTuli iyo astrologiuri prognozi, kosmetologi-uri da kulinariuli rCevebi, bavSvTa aRzrdis problematuri sakiTxebi, informaciebi qalTa saukeTeso salonebze da a.S.

saqarTvelos radios eTerSi Tavisi adgili ekava samar-Tlebriv Temasac. 1992 wels adrindeli gadacemebis nacvlad Seiqmna axali programa `kanoni kanonia~, romelic kviraSi or-jer gadaicemoda pirdapir eTerSi naxevari saaTis xangrZli-vobiT (wamyvanebi, Jurnalistebi: dimitri lobJaniZe da lili maisuraZe) da 1999 wlis bolomde arsebobda. igi garkveulwi-lad saganmanaTleblo informaciasac iZleoda — operatiu-lad aSuqebda samarTlebriv sferoSi momxdar movlenebs, studiaSi mowveuli samarTalmcodneebi da samarTaldamcavi struqturebis warmomadgenlebi saubrobdnen sakonstitucio cvlilebebze, axalmiRebul kanonebze, adamianis uflebebis dacvaze da sxv. magram programas upirvelesad publicisturi daniSnuleba hqonda (rac, saerTod, damaxasiaTebelia bevri samarTlebrivi gadacemisaTvis) — ganixilavda respublikaSi arsebul kriminalur viTarebas, acxadebda dakargul moqala-qeTa Sesaxeb da a.S. programis bolo 10 wuTi eTmoboda msme-nelTa SekiTxvebs, Tumca pirdapiri dialogi ar mimdinareob-da — SekiTxvebs windawin iwerdnen da specialistebi Semdgom iZleodnen ganmartebas.

Semdgom programa `kanoni kanonias~ nacvlad Seiqmna prog-ramebi: `Cemi uflebebi~ (mogvianebiT, `Tqveni uflebebi~, 2000-2004) da `iuridiuli konsultacia~ (2001-2002). pirveli maTga-

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ni imiT gansxvavdeboda wina samarTlebrivi programebisagan, rom msmenels SeeZlo Tavad daesva SekiTxva pirdapir eTerSi da maSinve mieRo pasuxi iuridiuli konsultantis, parlamen-tis kvleviTi centris wamyvani specialistis lali yifSiZisa-gan. aseTi cocxali komunikacia uTuod xels uwyobda gadace-mis popularobas. rac Seexeba meore gadacemas, isic pirdapir eTerSi uwevda konsultacias radiomsmenelebs, ZiriTadad socialur sakiTxebze (binebis privatizacia, qonebrivi dek-laracia, yofiTi problemebi), magram aq wamyvani irine Rlon-ti winaswar Caweril SekiTxvebs pasuxobda.

sakonsultacio xasiaTisa iyo agreTve toqSou `socialu-ri saaTi mrgval magidasTan~, romelic 2002-2004 wlebSi jer kviraSi orjer, Semdeg ki erTxel gadioda pirdapir eTerSi 45 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (wamyvani lia wiklauri). igi radiomsme-nelebs acnobda im samarTlebriv da socialur uflebebs, romlebic yovel moqalaqes kanoniT aqvs miniWebuli, aswavli-da maT rogor daecvaT es uflebebi, rogor emoqmedaT da vis-Tvis miemarTaT saWiro SemTxvevaSi. am mizniT redaqciaSi wi-naswar iwereboda radiomsmenelTa mier telefoniT mowode-buli SekiTxvebi, saCivrebi, winadadebebi, romlebic Semdeg ganixileboda gadacemaSi saTanado specialistebis mier, anda uSualod gvardeboda redaqciis daxmarebiT (garda amisa, ga-dacemis rigi gamoSvebebi eZRvneboda samedicino sakiTxebs, rasac mogvianebiT ganvixilavT).

calke unda gamoiyos gadacemebi ekonomikisa da biznesis Temaze. damoukidebel saqarTveloSi mimdinare procesebi did gavlenas axdenda am sferos mdgomareobaze. samoqalaqo dapirispirebam da omma afxazeTSi, qveynis teritoriuli mTlia-nobis rRvevam, aTwleulobiT moqmedi ekonomikuri kavSirebis gawyvetam, kriminaluri bandebis TareSma da sayovelTao ko-rufciam, sxva arasasurvelma Sida da gare faqtorebma dan-grevis piras miiyvana qveynis ekonomika. swored ekonomikuri krizisis daZlevis gzebis Zieba da sasikeTo Zvrebis operatiuli asaxva iyo mudmivi funqcia im gadacemebisa, romlebic iqmneboda ekonomikur Temaze 1992-2004 wlebSi. am gadacemebs amzadeb-dnen rogorc saSinao politikis, ise axalgazrdobisa da sain-formacio-musikaluri programebis redaqciaTa TanamSromlebi.

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samoqalaqo dapirispirebisa da SeiaraRebuli konfliq-tis periodSi, rogorc aRiniSna, teleradiocentris Senobi-dan regularuli mauwyebloba Sewyda da mxolod ramdenime Tvis Semdeg ganaxlda. gadacemebis nawili kvlav gavida eTer-Si, nawili ki axliT Seicvala. 1992 wels komerciuli programa `bumerangi~ isev gadioda eTerSi, magram 1993 wlidan igi Sec-vala saSinao politikis mTavari redaqciis programa `biznes-klubma~ (avtori da wamyvani Jurnalisti qeTevan TergiaSvi-li). `biznesklubi~ 1994 wels kviraSi orjer, xolo 1995 wels erTxel gadaicemoda 25 wuTis xangrZlivobiT da, cxadia, Zi-riTadad biznesmenebs uTmobda eTers (rubrikebi: ìnforma-cia biznesis samyarodan~, `mewarmeTa Tvalsazrisi~, `biznes-dosie~ da sxv.). 1993 wlidan eTerSi gamoCnda agreTve yovel-kvireuli 5-wuTiani gadacema `biznesklubis radiobirJa~, 1994-1995 wlebSi mas ubralod `radiobirJa~ erqva.

`bumerangis~ msgavsad, programa èkonomika, biznesi, ko-mercia~ Seicvala axali yovelkvireuli 1-saaTiani rubrikiT `saubrebi ekonomikaze~. masSi Semavali gadacemebi exeboda kerZo sakuTrebas, mrewvelobis mdgomareobas, sabanko saqmia-nobas, birJebs, ekonomikuri reformis mimdinareobas da a.S. 1992 wels aseve kviraSi erTxel iyo 15-20-wuTiani calkeuli gadacema ekonomikis sxvadasxva sakiTxze: saqarTvelos ekono-mikur urTierTobaze sazRvargareTis qveynebTan, ekonomiku-ri ganviTarebis modelebze (`romel models airCevs saqar-Tvelo~?) da a.S. mzaddeboda programa `bazari da orientacia~, masSi xSirad msjelobdnen regionebis ekonomikur mdgomareo-baze, sagadasaxado reformebze da sxv.

1995 wlidan ekonomikur mauwyeblobas Seemata mTeli rigi axali programebi: 1995-1999 wlebSi saSinao politikis mTavar redaqciaSi mzaddeboda yovelkvireuli 25-wuTiani programa èkonomika-biznesi~ (avtorebi: marika silagaZe da qeTevan TergiaSvili). programa mimoixilavda saqarTveloSi arsebul socialur da yofiT problemebs, ekonomikis sferoSi gatare-bul reformebs. masSi CarTuli iyo dialogebi ucxoel inves-torebTan da mrewvelebTan, gancxadebebi da reklamebi. far-Tod Suqdeboda mosaxleobis socialuri dacvis sakiTxebi, umuSevrebisTvis gadaicemoda informaciebi vakansiebis Sesa-

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xeb, reportaJebi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva raionidan da a.S. aseve, 1998-1999 wlebSi met-naklebi periodulobiT eTerSi iyo gadacema `bazris monitori~ (15 wT.) da 2000 wels — `biz-neskurieri~ (15 wT.).

amave periodSi mzaddeboda 20-25-wuTiani yovelkvireuli programa `biznesklubi~ (wamyvani — Jurnalisti maia gvritiS-vili). igi imeorebda 1993-1995 wlebSi arsebuli saSinao poli-tikis mTavari redaqciis programis saxelwodebas, magram ram-denadme gansxvavebuli Tematika hqonda — radiomsmenelebs acnobda msoflio biznesis ambebs, ucxoel da qarTvel biz-nesmenTa TanamSromlobas. rubrika `biznesdosies~ saSuale-biT dainteresebul pirebs SeeZlo mieRoT informacia sxva-dasxva firmis produqciis Sesaxeb, erTxans igi damoukidebe-li rubrikac iyo. `biznesklubSi~ regularulad monawileob-dnen ekonomikis specialistebi, biznesmenebi, sagadasaxado inspeqciis warmomadgenlebi. 1997-1998 wlebSi gadaicemoda 1-saaTiani yovelkvireuli programa `marketingis siaxleni~, romelic msmenelebs acnobda marketingis sferoSi mimdinare cvlilebebs, misi ganviTarebis gzebs Cvens qveyanaSi da sxva saintereso informaciebs.

rogorc vxedavT, ekonomikur Temas saqarTvelos radioSi 1992-2004 wlebSi sakmaod didi dro hqonda daTmobili, magram isic advili SesamCnevia, rom bevri rubrika da programa er-TmaneTs imeorebs — icvleba saxelwodeba, magram igive rCeba avtori da gadacemis suliskveTeba. TvalSi sacemia isic, rom ekonomikur Temaze erTdroulad da erTmaneTTan SeuTanxmeb-lad ramdenime mTavari redaqcia muSaobs (saSinao politikis, sainformacio-musikaluri programebis, axalgazrduli gada-cemebis). es ki iwvevs Temebis dublirebas da xels uSlis am sferoSi mauwyeblobis erTiani politikis SemuSavebas.

3. mxatvruli mauwyebloba

damoukideblobis pirobebSi mxatvrul mauwyeblobas ar-sebiTi cvlilebebi ar ganucdia. ra Tqma unda, Seiqmna axali gadacemebi, magram kvlav darCa bevri tradiciuli rubrika da mauwyeblobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebic ar Secvlila. ro-

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gorc Cans, amis saWiroeba arc yofila. politikurisgan gan-sxvavebiT mxatvruli mauwyebloba drois koniunqturaze nak-lebad iyo damokidebuli da axal pirobebSi ubralod mas meti saSualeba mieca maradiuli esTetikuri da zneobrivi Rirebu-lebebis warmosaCenad.

1992-2004 wlebSi literaturuli mauwyebloba (litera-turuli gadacemebis ganyofileba) kvlavindeburad did ad-gils uTmobda qarTuli Tu ucxouri poeziisa da prozis sau-keTeso nimuSebs. isev iyo eTerSi tradiciuli rubrikebi. 2000 wlamde yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda `poeti mikrofonTan~ (sakuTari nawarmoebebis kiTxva — 10 wuTi), kviraSi orjer — `poezia upirveles yovlisa~ (cnobil poetTa leqsebi msaxio-bebis kiTxviT — 5 wuTi). 1996-2004 wlebSi maT daemata yovel-kvireuli 20-wuTiani rubrika `poeziis qnari~ (ZiriTadad ikiTxeboda calkeul poetTa Semoqmedebis nimuSebi). 2004 wels eTerSi gamoCnda yovelkvireuli 5-wuTiani rubrika `qarTuli poeziis radioanTologia~. yuradRebis miRma ar rCeboda arc qarTuli xalxuri poezia. xalxuri leqsebi gada-icemoda sxvadasxva cikliT: `saero poezia~, `sakulto poezia~, `sagmiro poezia~, `satrfialo poezia~ da a.S.

aseve kvlav iyo eTerSi tradiciuli rubrika `literatu-ruli kiTxva~ (mxatvruli proza msaxiobebis kiTxviT), rome-lic dRis saaTebSi kviraSi 2-3-jer gadaicemoda 20-25 wuTis moculobiT (2002 wels igi kviraSi orjer gadaicemoda 23 sa-aTsa da 30 wuTze). Znelia iTqvas, rom mas masobrivi msmeneli hyavda, magram mainc gaugebaria misi gadatana 2004 wels Ramis programaSi — 2 saaTsa da 15 wuTze, rac saerTod gamoricxavs yovelgvari msmenelis arsebobas. TandaTan ufro iSviaTad ga-daicemoda agreTve naxevarsaaTiani rubrika `mwerali mikro-fonTan~, romelic qarTvel mwerlebs eTmoboda sakuTari na-warmoebebis wasakiTxad (bolo wlebis manZilze mxolod er-Txel gaisma programaSi mwerlis sityva — es iyo `rezo WeiSvi-lis zepiri novelebi~ 2004 wlis 4 seqtembers).

2002 wlamde grZeldeboda `radiodiqtorTa literatu-ruli salonis~ gadacemac. 1996 wels mas radios cnobili diq-toris qeTo landias saxeli mieniWa. gaizarda misi periodu-loba da qronometraJi — yovelTviuri naxevarsaaTiani gada-

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cema gaxda yovelkvireuli da erTsaaTiani. am rubrikiT gada-icemoda sxvadasxva saxelwodebis programebi qarTveli mwer-lebisa da poetebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac Tan erTvoda maTi na-warmoebebis kiTxva. mzaddeboda radiokompoziciebic (`karg ymad vina vTqvaT, vaJebo!~, `mxolod sizmrad qrian lurja cxenebi~, `sityva gadvagde erSia~ da a.S.). gansakuTrebuli yu-radReba eqceoda xalxuri poeziisa da patriotuli suliskve-TebiT gamsWvaluli literaturis nimuSebs.

sxva literaturuli gadacemebidan aRsaniSnavia litera-turul-musikaluri radiokompoziciebi, romlebic periodu-lad mzaddeboda am wlebSi da uxvad Seicavda fragmentebs qarTveli poetebis leqsebidan (`he mamulo!~, `es paemanze mo-dis aprili~, `gmadlobT, dedaenav!~ da sxv.)

literaturuli mauwyeblobisaTvis 1992-2004 wlebSi ase-ve damaxasiaTebelia dokumentur-mxatvruli formebis arse-boba, roca erT gadacemaSi gaerTianebulia publicisturi da mxatvruli nawarmoebebi. pirvel rigSi es exeba publicistur-mxatvrul programa `droebas~. igi, rogorc wina TavSia aRniS-nuli, 1988 wlidan arsebobs da Tavis droze didi Rvawli das-do erovnuli cnobierebis aRorZinebas, saqarTveloSi demok-ratiuli azrovnebis ganviTarebas. `droebas~ stabiluri ad-gili ekava saqarTvelos radios programaSi — 1992-2000 wleb-Si kviraSi orjer gadaicemoda 1 saaTis xangrZlivobiT, 2001-2004 wlebSi ki — kviraSi erTxel 45 wuTi. igi regularulad asaxavda kulturisa da xelovnebis sferoSi mimdinare proce-sebs, gadmoscemda reportaJebs sxvadasxva literaturuli RonisZiebebidan, mimoixilavda literaturul Jurnal-gaze-TebSi gamoqveynebul masalebs, msmenelebs awvdida informa-cias axalgamosuli wignebis Sesaxeb da a.S. didi dro eTmobo-da TviTon literaturuli nawarmoebebis kiTxvas (rubrikebi: `daumorCilebeli poezia~, `qarTuli mWevrmetyveleba~, `msof-lio poeziis saganZuri~, `ganZeuli foliantebi~ da sxv.). seri-ulad gadaicemoda saubari gamoCenil mxatvarTa cxovrebaze, romelsac uZRveboda mxatvari gia buRaZe. amasTan, `droeba~ regularulad aSuqebda qveyanaSi mimdinare socialur-poli-tikur procesebs, im problemebs, romlebic awuxebda qar-Tvel mwerlebs da, saerTod, Semoqmed adamianebs. 1999 wlis

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bolodan programaSi gaCnda axali rubrika `droebis~ anketis kvaldakval~, romelic miznad isaxavda axali nawarmoebebis warmoCenasa da msmenelTaTvis miwodebas. SeiZleba iTqvas, `droeba~ erTdroulad cdilobda esTetikuri, publicistu-ri da saganmanaTleblo funqciebis Sesrulebas.

2001 wlidan `droebaSi~ gamoCnda axali rubrikebi: àvs rom avi ar davarqo, kargi rogor unda vaqo~ (qveyanaSi arse-bul problemebze), àxali literaturuli Canawerebi~, `qar-Tvel mefeTa cxovrebidan~, `zneobrivi analogiebi~, `mwerlis arqivi~, èrTi leqsis istoria~, `Zveli Jurnal-gazeTebidan~, `SemoqmedebiTi kalendari~, òqros fondi~ da sxv. bolo 10-15 wlis manZilze `droebis~ avtorebi da wamyvanebi iyvnen: zina mWedluri, rusudan sulakauri, dali morgoSia.

dokumentur-mxatvruli xasiaTisa iyo agreTve programa `kino sxvadasxva rakursiT~, romelic satirisa da iumoris re-daqciaSi mzaddeboda da 1986 wlidan 2000 wlamde yovelkvire-ulad gadaicemoda eTerSi 1 saaTis xangrZlivobiT (avtori da wamyvani Jurnalisti lia ZiZiguri). igi eZRvneboda qarTuli kinos istoriasa da Tanamedroveobas, msmenelebs acnobda qarTvel kinoreJisorTa Semoqmedebas, kinoxelovnebis siax-leebsa da mimdinare problemebs, gadascemda audiofragmen-tebs qarTuli kinofilmebidan, reportaJebs gadasaRebi mo-ednebidan da a.S. TiTqmis yvela gamoSvebaSi studiaSi iwvev-dnen kinoxelovnebis muSakebs — veteranebsa da axalgazrdebs, kinofakultetis studentebs da sxv.

2000-2004 wlebSi yovelkvireulad iyo eTerSi 15-wuTiani rubrika ìalkiali~ (sabas ganmartebiT — `cota Rrubeli, bev-ri mze~). es iyo radioeseis Tu radioCanaxatis Janris gadace-ma, romelic erT calkeul Temas eZRvneboda (magaliTad, `cek-va~, `sicili~, `frinvelebi~, `sadRegrZelo~, `bavSvi~, `silama-ze~ da a.S.), erTdroulad mxatvrul-SemecnebiTic iyo da ga-sarTobic (gadacemis avtori da wamyvani zaza qinqlaZe).

calke unda iTqvas samwerlo publicistikis Sesaxeb, ro-melic mxatvrul mauwyeblobas ar miekuTvneba, magram ro-gorc mwerlis sityva literaturuli gadacemebis ganyofi-lebaSi mzaddeboda. am tipis iyo rubrika `Sexvedra mwerleb-Tan~, romelic 1992 wlis Semdeg aRar gamoCenila. igi exeboda

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rogorc literaturis aqtualur sakiTxebs, ise qveyanaSi ar-sebul problemebs da dialoguri forma hqonda — mwerals esaubreboda redaqciis warmomadgeneli. gansxvavebuli xasia-Tisa iyo `mwerali da cxovreba~, romelic met-naklebi sixSi-riT, magram sistematurad gadaicemoda 1992-1995 wlebSi 20 wuTis moculobiT. es iyo publicisturi gamosvlebi yvelaze aqtualur Temebze, romlebsac avtorebi Tavad kiTxulob-dnen mikrofonTan, agreTve narkvevebi da sxva dokumenturi nawarmoebebi cxovrebis mwvave sakiTxebze. garda amisa, dro-dadro gadaicemoda romelime konkretul Temaze calkeul avtorTa publicisturi werilebis mimoxilva.

msmenelTa gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miipyro radiose-rialma `saubrebi universitetSi~, romelic 2002-2003 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda eTerSi. mas safuZvlad daedo audioCanawerebi leqciebisa, romlebsac Cveni drois gamoCe-nili erovnuli moRvawe akaki baqraZe 1979-1982 wlebSi kiTxu-lobda Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi xelovnebis fa-kultetze, rogorc miwveuli leqtori. es ar yofila litera-turis istoriis an Teoriis mwyobri, erTiani kursi. ubra-lod, es iyo msjeloba saerTod literaturasa da xelovneba-ze, maT bunebasa da Taviseburebebze, daniSnulebasa da amoca-nebze, qarTul kulturasa da qarTul erovnul Rirebulebeb-ze. leqciebma studentebis garda farTo sazogadoebis didi interesic gamoiwvia da mravali msmeneli miizida, rasac sabo-lood leqtoris universitetidan gaZeveba mohyva.

akaki baqraZes ganzraxuli hqonda gaeerTianebina misi studentebis mier Semonaxuli am leqciebis stenografiuli Tu audioCanawerebi da wignad gamoeSva, magram aRar dascal-da. misi gardacvalebis Semdeg misma meuRlem, teleradioma-uwyeblobis reJisorma neli rusiSvilma Tavi mouyara am Cana-werebs, gamoiyena mwerlis statiebi, interviuebi, dRiurebi, sxvadasxva saarqivo dokumentebi, agreTve saqarTvelos radi-os `oqros fondis~ masalebi da sabolood mas dokumentur-mxatvruli radiokompoziciebis forma misca. akaki baqraZis saubars amdidrebda Temidan gamomdinare literaturuli, Teatraluri Tu musikaluri fragmentebi, imaTi xmebi, vis Se-saxebac avtori saubrobda da sxv. Segrovebuli masala samoc-

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daaTamde gadacemisTvis aRmoCnda sakmarisi da eTerSi ori wlis ganmavlobaSi gadioda (pirveli maTgani 1992 wlis 10 Te-bervals gadaica). calkeuli gadacemebi mieZRvna dimitri yi-fians, niko lorTqifaniZes, grigol robaqiZes, mixeil java-xiSvils, konstantine gamsaxurdias, giorgi leoniZes, Salva nucubiZes, Tengiz abulaZes, rezo TabukaSvils, medea jafa-riZes, sxva mraval mamuliSvilsa da amagdar pirovnebas. gada-cemebis nawili, akaki baqraZis leqciebis Sesabamisad, Tematu-ri xasiaTisa iyo: `rogor yalibdeba pirovneba~, `sulieri sa-qarTvelo~ `ra aris zneobrioba~, `Cven yvelani Cvens qveyanas vekuTvniT~, `erovnuli energia~ da a.S.

2003 wlis ivnisSi gadacemaTa cikli amoiwura, magram ra-diomsmenelTa interesi akaki baqraZis Semoqmedebisadmi imde-nad didi iyo, rom gadawyda axali radioserialis momzadeba misi cnobili wignis `niko nikolaZis~ mixedviT. es miT ufro gamarTlebuli Canda, rom idga niko nikolaZis saiubileo we-li — aRiniSneboda misi dabadebis 160 wlisTavi. axali seria-lis avtorebi iyvnen neli rusiSvili da vaxtang nanitaSvili (sul momzadda 19 gadacema).

XX saukunis 90-ian wlebsa da axali saukunis dasawyisSi sa-qarTvelos radioSi uTuod gamoirCeoda SesaniSnavi Jurna-listis lamara kikilaSvilis saavtoro seriali `saxsovari~ (Tumca avtori mas mxatvrul programas uwodebda, TiToeuli gamoSveba, rogorc wesi, erT pirovnebas an erT Temas eZRvne-boda da ufro publicistur-mxatvrul gadacemas warmoad-genda). 1992 wlidan igi yovelkvireulad gadioda eTerSi 45-60 wuTis moculobiT. gadacemis idea iyo msmenelebisaTvis qar-Tuli literaturisa da xelovnebis, zogadad qarTuli kul-turis moRvaweTa da maTi Semoqmedebis gacnoba, im sulier fa-seulobaTa propaganda, winaprebma rom Seqmnes, Tanamedrove-oba ki momavals gadascems. aqedan gamomdinareobda radiose-rialis koncefcia da mizandasaxuleba — erTxel kidev gaaz-reba imisa, Tu vin varT, saidan movdivarT da saiT mivdivarT.

`saxsovaris~ upirveles Rirsebas warmoadgenda daxvewi-li qarTuli ena, gamarTuli arqiteqtonika, Temis siRrmiseu-li plastebis wvdoma, personaJTa saxeebis ostaturad xatva, dialogis warmarTvis originaluri avtoriseuli manera da

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a.S. es yvelaferi, ra Tqma unda, erTbaSad ar aRmocenebula — mas win uZRoda avtoris TiTqmis ocdaaTwliani muSaoba radi-os literaturul gadacemaTa ganyofilebaSi, urTierToba qarTuli literaturis, xelovnebis, kulturis gamoCenil moRvaweebTan, aseulobiT gadacemisa da audioCanaweris mom-zadeba, romelTa didi nawili dRes saqarTvelos radios au-diofondSia daculi. swored avtoris udidesi Jurnalistu-ri gamocdileba (cxadia, literaturul niWTan erTad) da mis mier Segrovebuli udidesi audiomasala daedo safuZvlad `saxsovaris~ mravalwaxnagovan serials. axal gadacemaSi Zve-li Canawerebis gamoyenebis idea (Taviseburi meTodi xan-grZlivi radiodakvirvebisa) lamara kikilaSvilma jer kidev 1973-1975 wlebSi ganaxorciela gadacemaTa serialSi `rac da-viwyebiT ar ibindeba~, romelsac mogvianebiT (1976-1987 da 1991 wlebSi) `gauxunar ferTa eqo~ ewoda. magram isini upira-tesad mainc warsulis gauxunar RirebulebaTa èqo~ iyo, `sax-sovarSi~ ki `droSi mogzauroba~ dRevandeli TemiT iyo ganpi-robebuli da òrmagi ganzomilebiT~ ufro reliefurad war-moaCenda gadacemis gmirs.

`saxsovaris~ TiToeul gamoSvebas Tavisi gamokveTili Te-ma da saxelwodeba hqonda: magaliTad, `mxiaruli da sevdiani nodar dumbaZe~ — stumrad nanuli dumbaZesTan, `Wa — savse cocxali wyliT~ — Sexvedrebi Tamaz WilaZesTan, `Taoba — gza ar mTavrdeba~ — Sexvedrebi lana RoRoberiZesTan, `ferweris kompozitori~ — ramdenime Canaweri òqros fondidan~ daviT kakabaZis saxsovrad da a.S. xSirad erT pirovnebas ramdenime gadacema eTmoboda. magaliTad, lana RoRoberiZes mieZRvna xuTi gadacema, sergo zaqariaZes — eqvsi, besik xaranauls — Svidi, Tamaz WilaZes — rva da a.S. Cveulebrivad avtori 3-4 ga-dacemiT Semoifargleboda da maT serials uwodebda. sxvadas-xva dros `saxsovaris~ gmirebi iyvnen: niko firosmanaSvili, Sio mRvimeli, elene axvlediani, sergo zaqariaZe, Tengiz ar-CvaZe, Tamaz Cxenkeli da sxv. 1992 wlidan, rac es seriali Seiq-mna, 500-ze meti gadacema momzadda, 1993 wlidan ki mas satele-vizio variantic Seemata. `saxsovaris~ samarTliani aRiareba iyo is, rom mis avtors am serialis radiosa da televiziaSi ganxorcielebisaTvis 2000 wels saxelmwifo premia mieniWa.

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gansakuTrebuli Rirebulebis mqone Zveli audioCanawe-rebi saqarTvelos radios programaSi yovelTvis iyo warmod-genili sxvadasxva rubrikiT. 1998-2000 wlebSi aseTi rubrika iyo ùnikaluri~ (ufro zustad, ùnikaluri — xmebi daculi radios òqros fondSi~), romelic yovelkvireulad gadaice-moda 15 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. igi moicavda radios audio-fondSi dacul marTlac unikalur masalebs: qarTuli lite-raturisa da xelovnebis TvalsaCino warmomadgenelTa sau-bars, mogonebebs maT Sesaxeb, maT nawarmoebebs, romlebsac kiTxulobdnen: uSangi CxeiZe, veriko anjafariZe, erosi man-jgalaZe da sxva gamoCenili msaxiobebi. eTerSi ismoda galak-tion tabiZis, giorgi leoniZis, ioseb griSaSvilis, konstan-tine gamsaxurdias da XX saukunis sxva klasikosTa xmebi. 2001-2003 wlebSi gadacemas saxelwodeba Seecvala da eTerSi gadi-oda saTauriT — `Zveli radio — is, rac mexsierebas SemorCa da òqros fonds~. orive rubrikis redaqtori iyo nino JRenti.

erT-erTi tendencia, romelic SeiniSneba 1992-2004 wleb-Si saqarTvelos radioSi, isaa, rom portretuli narkvevebi Tu Canaxatebi, romlebic wina wlebSi TiTqmis yvela redaqcia-Si mzaddeboda (maT Soris, saxalxo meurneobis, propagandis, axalgazrdobis), nel-nela qreba da sabolood mxolod lite-raturul-dramatul mauwyeblobas SemorCa. TavisTavad cxa-dia, rom am nawarmoebTa gmirebic literaturisa da xelovne-bis warmomadgenlebi iyvnen. rubrikebiT: `SemoqmedebiTi por-tretebi~, `Strixebi portretisaTvis~, `xelovanis gza~ radi-omsmenelebi ecnobodnen mwerlebis, musikosebis, mxatvrebis, reJisorebis, msaxiobebis da a.S. cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebas, ismendnen nawyvetebs maTi nawarmoebebidan, scenebs speqtak-lebidan, musikalur Canawerebs da sxv. es rubrikebi cvaleba-di periodulobiT da qronometraJiT gadaicemoda. 90-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi SedarebiT sistematuri xasiaTi hqon-da 15-wuTian rubrikas `literaturuli portreti~, romelic msmenelebs mouTxrobda gamoCenili qarTveli mwerlebis cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebaze (SoTa rusTaveli, ilia WavWava-Ze, akaki wereTeli, mixeil javaxiSvili, lado asaTiani, guram doCanaSvili da sxv.). drodadro gamoCndeboda xolme calkeu-li gadacemebic, magaliTad: `mSvenieri xar Sen, Semoqmedo!~

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(veriko anjafariZeze — 1991 weli), `didi xelovani~ (kote mar-janiSvilze — 1992 weli).

2002-2003 wlebSi am tipis gadacemebs Seemata rubrika `portreti 3X4~, romelic TveSi orjer gadaicemoda eTerSi (3X4 zomis fotosuraTi, rogorc cnobilia, pasportSi da sxva dokumentebSi gamoiyeneba da albaT saxelwodeba migvaniSnebs, rom gmiris portretic dokumenturad da mokled gadmoice-ma). igi dramatuli gadacemebis redaqciaSi mzaddeboda da Ta-vidan, rogorc wesi, msaxiobebs, reJisorebs, scenaristebs ac-nobda msmenelebs (mas enacvleboda rubrika `cxovrebiseuli etiudebi~, romelic aseve Teatralur moRvaweebs eZRvnebo-da). rubrikis avtori da wamyvani iyo Jurnalisti Tamar kikva-Ze. dasawyisSi es iyo mokle kiTxva-pasuxebze agebuli e.w. por-tretuli interviu da 20 wuTi grZeldeboda. SemdgomSi gada-cemis Sinaarsi bevrad Seicvala, radgan avtori sul ufro Rrmad iWreboda studiaSi mowveuli stumris Sinagan sulier samyaroSi. igi mihyveboda ara respondentis biografiul cno-bebsa da faqtebs, aramed cdilobda gaexsna misi pirovneba, eC-venebina msmenelebisaTvis misi damokidebuleba cxovrebisad-mi, saqmisadmi, samyarosadmi. 2003 wels rubrika ukve yovel-kvireulad gadaicemoda 40 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. gaizarda respondentebis speqtric — Teatralur moRvaweebs sxva sfe-ros warmomadgenlebic daematnen (magaliTad, mwerali nug-zar SataiZe, poeti gigi sulakauri, momRerali nani bregvaZe, mTasvleli biZina gujabiZe). rubrikaSi gamoCndnen agreTve sxva, naklebad cnobili adamianebic.

portretuli intervius Janrs SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT ag-reTve seriuli gadacema `galerea~ (cxadia, rom aqac saxelwo-deba portretebis galereaze migvaniSnebs). misi winamorbedi iyo iumoristuli gadacema `Cveulebrivi araCveulebrivi ada-mianebi~, romelic 1996 wlidan gadaicemoda eTerSi erTi saa-Tis xangrZlivobiT. rubrikis avtori da wamyvani lia ZiZigu-ri (Tumca igi mas `programas~ uwodebda) stumrad iwvevda xe-lovnebis cnobil moRvaweebs, romlebic TavianTi koloritu-li iumoriT gamoirCeodnen da gulwrfelad yvebodnen stu-diaSi Tavs gadaxdenil kuriozebs (nino ramiSvili, vaxtang tabliaSvili, biZina kvernaZe, ipolite xviCia, sesilia TayaiS-

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vili, kote maxaraZe da sxv). 1997 wels swored es rubrika Sec-vala `galeream~, romelic mxolod xumrobebisa da mxiaruli mogonebebis gadmocemas ki aRar isaxavda miznad, aramed pi-rovnebaTa rac SeiZleba, srulad Cvenebas. rubrika aseve yo-velkvireuli iyo da gadaicemoda 45 wuTis moculobiT. gada-cemis gmirebi umeteswilad isev xelovnebis moRvaweebi iyvnen, Tumca drodadro sxva sferos warmomadgenlebic gamoCnde-bodnen xolme (eliso virsalaZe, robert sturua, guram saRa-raZe, liana isakaZe, nino ananiaSvili, elguja amaSukeli, lia sturua, agreTve: akademikosi evgeni xaraZe, profesori gia arseniSvili, arqiteqtori vaxtang daviTaia, afxazeTis kul-turis ministri svetlana qecba da sxv.).

saerTod ki, iumoristuli gadacemebi literaturul-dramatuli mauwyeblobis erT-erT mniSvnelovan mimarTule-bas warmoadgenda da mas satirisa da iumoris jgufi amzadeb-da (lia ZiZiguri, guliko kakabaZe) — `kino sxvadasxva rakur-siT~ da `galerea~ mxolod gamonaklisi iyo. 1992-2004 wlebSi aqac SeimCneva garkveuli cvlileba: ekranidan qreba satira — pamfleti, mware dacinva, dokumenturi feletonic ki, rCeba mxolod uwyinari iumori — xumrobebi, parodiebi, kuriozebi da a.S. iumoristul gadacemebs aRar aqvs mebrZoli, publi-cisturi xasiaTi (Tavs anebebs sazogadoebriv mankierebaTa mxilebas) da mxolod gasarTobi funqciiT Semoifargleba. sxvadasxva rubrikaSi xSirad gaerTianebulia informaciul-gasarTobi da mxatvrul-gasarTobi xasiaTis masalebi, romle-bic Seicaven sasacilo SemTxvevebs cnobil adamianTa cxovre-bidan, kuriozul faqtebs, nawyvetebs komediebidan da iumo-ristuli nawarmoebebidan.

1992 wlidan satirisa da iumoris jgufma daiwyo yovel-kvireuli, 35-wuTiani axali programis `abi glukozas~ momza-deba, romelic ufro mravalferovani iyo (avtorebi goCa be-ria, gia joxaZe, guliko kakabaZe). igi iwyeboda cnobili kino-komediis `Serekilebis~ kolaJiT, Seicavda sasacilo infor-maciebs (`raze icinian adamianebi?~), `mxiarul horoskops~, `glukozas sasacilo koncerts~, `mxiarul biovels~, repor-taJebs iumoristuli saRamoebidan da a.S. yovel gamoSvebas hyavda stumari an stumrebi, romlebsac SekiTxvebs usvamdnen

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aseve studiaSi mowveuli radiomsmenelebi. stumrebi — umete-sad sazogadoebisTvis kargad cnobili pirebi — ixsenebdnen TavianTi cxovrebis sasacilo SemTxvevebs, gansakuTrebiT, profesiuli saqmianobisas Seqmnil uxerxul situaciebs, me-gobrebsa da kolegebze Tavsgadaxdenil kuriozebs. xSirad erTi da igive pirovneba ramdenime gadacemaSi monawileobda (magaliTad, mwerali nana kandelaki, romelic ixsenebda Jur-nal `niangSi~ muSaobis wlebs da sasacilo istoriebs yveboda Tavis kolegebze — cnobil qarTvel literatorebze). àbi glukoza~ 2000 wlis bolomde gadaicemoda.

1998 wlis bolos da 1999 wlis dasawyisSi ramdenimejer gadaica rubrika `politikosebi politikis miRma~ — studiaSi mowveuli cnobili politikuri moRvaweebi saubrobdnen Ta-vianTi xasiaTis Taviseburebebze, bavSvobis, studentobisa da profesiuli saqmianobis sasacilo momentebze, xalxSi gav-rcelebul ucnaur Worebze da a.S.

garda zemoT CamoTvlili gadacemebisa, 1996-2000 wlebSi saqarTvelos radios samauwyeblo badeSi xSirad iyo informa-ciul-gasarTobi iumoristuli rubrikebi: `dila mxiaruli~ (saxaliso informaciebi da kuriozebi) da `dilis Rimili~ (msoflios cnobili adamianebis xumrobebi, anegdotebi, sasa-cilo ambebi da sxv.). aseve, specialuri iumoristuli gadace-mebi mzaddeboda saaxalwlod, 1 aprilisaTvis da a.S. (`mek-vle~, `cxeli arxi — heraldika~, àlo, Tovlis babua gismenT!~ — parodia gadacemisa àlo, gismenT 59 da 9~).

mxatvruli mauwyeblobis mniSvnelovan mimarTulebas warmoadgenda saqarTvelos radioSi dramatuli mauwyebloba. igi, rogorc adrindel periodebSi, axlac moicavda, erTi mxriv, Teatralur da radiospeqtaklebs, xolo, meore mxriv, publicistur-mxatvrul gadacemebs Teatris Sesaxeb.

1992-2004 wlebSi mudmivad iyo eTerSi tradiciuli rub-rika `Teatri mikrofonTan~. 90-iani wlebis pirvel naxevarSi dedaqalaqis wamyvan Teatrebs radios programaSi Tavisi dRe-ebic ki hqondaT gamoyofili. ase magaliTad, rusTavelis sa-xelobis saxelmwifo akademiuri Teatris speqtaklebis Cana-werebi gadaicemoda xuTSabaTobiT, kinomsaxiobTa Teatrisa — kviradReobiT da a.S. saerTod ki, yovelkvireulad radioe-

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TerSi erTi Teatraluri speqtakli mainc iyo. 1996 wlidan speqtaklebi ZiriTadad kupiurebiT gadaicemoda. igi dro-dadro wydeboda da rubrikis wamyvani T. vaxvaxiSvili studia-Si mowveul reJisorTan Tu msaxiobebTan erTad pirdapir eTerSi ganixilavda mimdinare speqtakls, Teatraluri cxov-rebis mniSvnelovan movlenebs, Teatris Temaze gamoqveynebul werilebsa da recenziebs, ganmartavda calkeul scenebs da a.S. msmenelebs SeeZloT daerekaT da gasaubrebodnen gadace-mis monawileebs (qronometraJi 2 saaTi). 2001-2004 wlebSi `Te-atri mikrofonTan~ amave saxiT da amave qronometraJiT gada-icemoda, oRond or kviraSi erTxel (meore kvira eTmoboda sa-opero speqtaklis gadacemas). wamyvani guliko kakabaZe Teat-ris epizodebs Soris pirdapir eTerSi esaubreboda studiaSi mowveul raJisorsa Tu msaxiobebs, saubarSi radiomsmenele-bic monawileobdnen satelefono CarTvebis saSualebiT. am periodSi eTerSi gadaica mixeil javaxiSvilis `jayos xiznebi~ da `kvaWi kvaWantiraZe~, grigol robaqiZis `lamara~, nodar dumbaZis `me, bebia, iliko da ilarioni~ da `me vxedav mzes~, laSa TabukaSvilis `darabebs miRma gazafxulia~ da `mere ra, rom svelia sveli iasamani~ da sxv. garda dedaqalaqis Teatre-bisa, saqarTvelos radio Tavis eTers uTmobda agreTve quTa-isis, Telavis, baTumis, mesxeTis Teatrebis dadgmebsac. Teat-raluri speqtaklebis paralelurad drodadro programaSi gamoCndeboda xolme rubrikebi: `scenebi speqtaklebidan~ (1992-1994) da `sayvareli Teatraluri da kinogmirebi~ (2002-2003).

saqarTvelos radioSi aseve sistematurad (kviraSi ramde-nimejer) gadaicemoda radiospeqtaklebic, romlebic sxvada-sxva dros momzadda. amave dros iqmneboda axali radiospeq-taklebic. 1992-2004 wlebSi Caiwera 60-ze meti radiospeqtak-li (maT Soris 3 radioseriali, romlebic 10, 20, 30 serias moi-cavda). pirvel rigSi es iyo rogorc qarTuli klasikuri li-teraturis, ise Tanamedrove qarTveli mwerlebis cnobil na-warmoebTa radioinscenirebebi: n. lorTqifaniZis `Selocva radioTi~, m. javaxiSvilis `kvaWi kvaWantiraZe~, gr. robaqiZis `falestra~, o. CxeiZis `cxrawyaro~, g. rCeuliSvilis `irine~, g. doCanaSvilis `samoseli pirveli~ da `kaci, romelsac Zlier uyvarda literatura~, a. morCilaZis `upatrono ZaRlebis pi-

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radi cxovreba~ da sxv. Seiqmna agreTve radioinscenirebebi sazRvargareTis mweralTa nawarmoebebis mixedviT: vladimer nabokovis `meore napiri~, kobo abes `qali qviSaSi~, o'henris `personaluri magnetizmis Zala~, patrik ziuskindis `kontra-basi~ da sxv.

radioTeatris repertuarSi sul ufro met adgils ika-vebs specialurad radiosTvis Seqmnil nawarmoebebze — radi-opiesebze agebuli speqtaklebi: z. kandelakis `kurdRlebi~ da `gamarjoba, senior pirandelo!~, n. batiaSvilis `Zaxili~, m. sariSvilis `sami vedro Tovli~, i. lomouris `buu~, g. naxuc-riSvilis `rogor gviyvarda Cven erTmaneTi~, n. mamacaSvilis `dialogi wvimian mwuxrSi~, n. SataiZis `daWrili wero~, m. ja-liaSvilis `sauzme beRurebisaTvis~, T. miloravas `molodi-ni~ da sxv. faqtobrivad, saqarTveloSi am periodSi Camoya-libda radiopiesa rogorc dramaturgiis Janri. aleqsandre orbelianis sazogadoebis xelSewyobiT gamoica originaluri qarTuli radiopiesebis ori krebuli.

radiopiesis Janris ganviTarebam xeli Seuwyo qarTuli radioTeatris gasvlas saerTaSoriso asparezze. cnobil ger-manul radiosadgur ve-de-erTan erTad moewyo konkursi sau-keTeso qarTuli radiopiesis gamosavlenad. am konkursSi gai-marjva da jer saqarTveloSi, Semdeg ki germaniaSi daidga Ta-maz WilaZis radiopiesa `samoTxis kvarteti~.

gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia saqarTvelos radios mTavari reJisoris zurab kandelakis warmatebebi. 1992 wels misma sa-avtoro speqtaklma `ufalo, gamiyvane derefnis bolos!~ dsT-sa da baltiis qveynebis radiodadgmebis festivalze meore prizi moipova, xolo 1994 wels saerTaSoriso festivalze moskovSi (sadac 30 qveynis radiospeqtaklebi iyo warmodgeni-li) speqtaklma `repeticiam~ (romlis avtorica da reJisoric Tavad iyo) gran-pri — `ostankinos prizi~ daimsaxura. imave wels es radiopiesa daidga sloveniaSi, Semdeg germaniaSi (ve-de-ersa da `doiCland radioSi~). 1996 wels `repeticia~ da `kurdRlebi~ daidga slovakeTis radioSi. `gamarjoba~, seni-or pirandelo!~ da `melodramis Cveulebrivi xibli~ moxvdnen `Prix Europa~-s saukeTeso radiopiesebis aTeulSi. es piesebi daidga serbiasa da poloneTSic. 2005 wels `Prix Europa~-s Jiu-

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ris specialuri prizi moipova n. dumbaZis `kukaraCas~ mixed-viT Seqmnilma radiospeqtaklma `kidev erTxel siyvarulze anu Cao, Cao!~ (adaptaciis avtori da reJisori zurab kandelaki).

90-iani wlebis bolodan qarTul radioTeatrTan nayofie-rad TanamSromlobdnen axalgazrda reJisorebic. levan lor-TqifaniZem, xaTuna bedelaZem, naTia xoStariam, koba cxakaiam xmis reJisorebTan — romeo ter-grigorianTan, nana sanduxa-ZesTan, Tamar gogliZesTan da giorgi cagareiSvilTan erTad araerTi speqtakli Seqmnes.

1992 wels radioTeatrs didi xelovanis, saqarTvelos ra-dios yofili diqtoris erosi manjgalaZis saxeli mieniWa da amis Semdeg yvela radiodadgma eTerSi gadaicemoda rubrikiT — `erosi manjgalaZis saxelobis radioTeatri~. es miT ufro samarTliani Cans, rom am radiodadgmebis arcTu mcire nawil-Si misi jadosnuri xma aris SemorCenili.

1992-2004 wlebSi Teatralur cxovrebaze kvlavindeburad mzaddeboda publicistur-mxatvruli gadacemebic (zogierT maTgans garkveulwilad saganmanaTleblo mniSvnelobac hqon-da). 1992-1994 wlebSi kvlav gadioda eTerSi tradiciuli programa `Teatri da cxovreba~. igi gadaicemoda TveSi er-Txel 2 saaTis moculobiT da Teatralur dadgmebsac moicav-da (avtorebi Sovina qacarava da manana TevzaZe). programis mudmivi stumrebi iyvnen Teatrmcodneebi, dramaturgebi, re-Jisorebi, msaxiobebi, romlebic saubrobdnen saqarTveloSi arsebuli Teatrebis warsulsa da Tanamedroveobaze, ganixi-lavdnen Teatralur premierebs, msjelobdnen dRevandelo-bis problemebze da a.S. sistematurad gadaicemoda rubrike-bi: `scenaze gacocxlebuli literaturuli gmirebi~, `Cveni Canawerebidan~, `qarTuli Teatris cxovrebis ramdenime fur-celi~, `Sexvedrebi Teatris xelmZRvanelebTan~ da sxv. 1995-2004 wlebSi programas `Teatri~ ewodeboda da gadaicemoda TveSi orjer 1 saaTis xangrZlivobiT. programas daemata zo-gierTi rubrikac (magaliTad, `msoflio scenaze~, romelic msmenelebs acnobda sazRvargareTis Teatralur cxovrebas), dedaqalaqis Teatrebis speqtaklebis anonsi da a.S.

1993 wels da 1994 wlis garkveul periodSi drodadro eTerSi ikiTxeboda akaki baqraZis `Svidi weli TeatrSi~. igi

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enacvleboda rubrikas `scenebi speqtaklebidan~. mzaddeboda agreTve calkeuli gadacemebi Teatris Temaze, magaliTad: `mRerian Teatris msaxiobebi~, `fardis miRma~, àrqivis masa-lebi~. 1992 wels moewyo pirdapiri reportaJi vaso goZiaSvi-lis, xolo 1993 wels giorgi tovstonogovis xsovnisadmi miZRvnili saRamodan da a.S.

2000 wels eTerSi gadioda vaxtang kobaiZis saavtoro programa `radiobenefisi~. igi gadaicemoda yovelkvireulad 30 wuTis moculobiT. misi saavtoro programa iyo agreTve 2000-2003 wlebSi `sayvareli Teatraluri da kinogmirebi~. pirdapir eTerSi saubrobdnen studiaSi mowveuli msaxiobebi, reJisorebi, dramaturgebi, pasuxobdnen msmenelTa satele-fono zarebs. gadacema kviraSi samjer gadioda eTerSi 25-30 wu-Tis xangrZlivobiT (mogvianebiT mas xaTuna baqraZe uZRveboda).

2001-2002 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda eTerSi Jurnalist nino iaSvilis 40-wuTiani saavtoro programa `xe-lovneba~. igi aSuqebda kulturisa da xelovnebis axal ambebs, agreTve sxvadasxva Temebs literaturis, kinos, Teatris, mu-sikis, mxatvrobis, arqiteqturis sferodan (rubrikebi: àl-teri~, `kadri~, `palitra~, àfiSa~, òbieqtivi~, `msoflio sce-naze~, `premiera~ `musikaluri integralebi~, `retrospeqtiva, `moda~ da sxv.). TveSi orjer mas uZRveboda Jurnalisti vax-tang kobaiZe, orjer — Jurnalisti nino iaSvili.

2002 wels Seiqmna axali publicistur-mxatvruli progra-ma `saxioba~, romelic, erTi mxriv, programa `Teatris~, xolo, meore mxriv, programa `xelovnebis~ gagrZelebas warmoadgen-da. 2004 wlis bolomde igi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda eTerSi 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT, uZRvebodnen: guliko kakaba-Ze, nino iaSvili da naTia xoStaria. programa exeboda Teatra-luri da kinoxelovnebis sakiTxebs, gamoirCeoda Janrobrivi mravalferovnebiT (studiuri dialogi, interviu, reporta-Ji, gamosvla, komentari). sxvadasxva dros misi stumrebi iy-vnen: sofiko Wiaureli, robert sturua, rezo kldiaSvili, amiran SalikaSvili da sxv.

garda imisa, rom informaciul-publicisturi, litera-turul-dramatuli Tu saganmanaTleblo gadacemebis didi na-wili aqtiurad iyenebs musikas gamosaxviT saSualebad Tu Se-

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reuli programebis gasamdidreblad, nebismieri radiomauwy-eblobis udides nawils musika Seadgens (aRarafers vambobT specializebul musikalur radioarxebze).

saqarTvelos radioSi 1992-2004 wlebSi mTeli mauwyeblo-bis or mesamedze mets musikaluri mauwyebloba Seadgenda. igi sakmaod rTul struqturas warmoadgenda, radgan mraval-profiliani, universaluri saxelmwifo mauwyeblobis erTian sistemaSi iyo moqceuli. auditoriis sxvadasxva nawilis ge-movnebisa da mxatvruli interesebis mkveTri gansxvaveba, ag-reTve TviTon musikaluri Janrebisa da formebis mravalfe-rovneba ganapirobebda musikaluri radiogadacemebis dife-rencirebul xasiaTs. eTerSi regularulad gadaicemoda ope-rac da xalxuri simRerac, simfoniuri musikis koncertic da saestradoc. zogi gadacema masobrivi auditoriisaTvis iyo gankuTvnili, zogi kidev — maRali gemovnebis msmenelisaTvis. ZiriTadad ki SeiZleba gamoiyos musikaluri mauwyeblobis sa-mi ZiriTadi mimarTuleba. romelic istoriulad Camoyalibda saqarTvelos radioSi da 1992-2004 wlebSic ar ganucdia cvlileba — klasikuri musika, saestrado da msubuqi musika da xalxuri musika. TiToeuli Janris musikaluri nawarmoebe-bi gaerTianebuli iyo saTanado rubrikebSi, rac redaqcias ma-Ti tipizaciis saSualebas aZlevda da xels uwyobda mudmivi auditoriis Camoyalibebas. klasikuri musikis moyvarulTaT-vis eTerSi regularulad gadaicemoda rubrikebi: `klasikuri musikis koncerti~, `simfoniuri musikis koncerti~, `msubuqi saorkestro piesebi~, `kameruli nawarmoebebi~, `savioline pi-esebi~, `sakvarteto miniaturebi~, `Zveleburi musikis kon-certi~, `gamoCenil musikos-SemsrulebelTa koncerti~, `sce-nebi operebidan~, `saopero musikis koncerti~ da mravali sxva. es iyo wminda sakoncerto rubrikebi — mxolod musika-luri nawarmoebebis an maTi fragmentebis gadacema. maT gver-diT aranaklebi adgili eWira Sereuli tipis musikalur-pub-licistur Tu musikalur-saganmanaTleblo koncert-saub-rebsa da programebs, romlebsac Cven aseve mxatvrul mauwyeb-lobas mivakuTvnebT, radgan miuxedavad publicisturi da sa-ganmanaTleblo elementebisa, ZiriTadad mainc esTetikur funqcias asruleben (TandarTuli komentarebi mxolod exma-

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reba auditorias musikaluri nawarmoebebis gagebasa da aRqmaSi). am tipis, koncerti-saubris Janris, gadacemas warmoadgen-

da konservatoriis profesor nodar andRulaZis saavtoro programa `msoflios saopero scenis varskvlavebi~ (saerTod, 1992-2004 wlebSi yvela programa saavtoro xasiaTisaa — per-sonalurad amzadebs erTi an ramdenime avtori, saerTo-sare-daqcio programebi warsuls Cabarda). es iyo gagrZeleba 1984-1985 da 1988-1990 wlebSi arsebuli amave saxelwodebis rubri-kisa, romelic yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda naxevari saaTis moculobiT. avtori msmenelebs mouTxrobda popularul sa-opero momReralTa cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebaze, asmeninebda maT mier Sesrulebul nawarmoebebs (programis momzadebaSi redaqcias exmareboda Tbilisis saxelmwifo konservatoriis pedagogi goCa beJuaSvili).

1992 wels grZeldeboda agreTve analogiuri xasiaTis yo-velkvireuli erTsaaTiani rubrika pirdapiri eTeriT `50 ope-ra~, Semdeg àsi opera~ da òpera RamiT~ (avt. l. gabunia). 1992-2004 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda programa `mxolod opera~, 45-55 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (avtori da wamyvani marika CijavaZe). igi mravalferovani programa iyo, Seicavda sainte-reso cnobebs sxvadasxva saopero nawarmoebis Sesaxeb, frag-mentebs operebidan, interviuebs saopero momRerlebTan, kompozitorebTan, musikismcodneebTan. rubrikebi: `cota ram istoriidan~, àse iqmneboda saopero Sedevrebi~, `Cveni saun-je~, romelic msmenelebs acnobda saqarTvelos radios audi-ofondis unikalur musikalur Canawerebs, `nomeri anu musika-luri Canaweri ukomentarod~ da sxv. programa pirdapir eTer-Si gadaicemoda da msmenels masSi monawileobis saSualeba hqonda.

1992-1999 wlebSi koncerti-saubris formis gadacemebi-dan aRsaniSnavia `saSemsruleblo xelovneba — fenomenebi, virtuozebi~ (avtori lali vardanaSvili). igi msmenelebs ac-nobda saSemsruleblo xelovnebis varskvlavebs — pianistebs, meviolineebs, vokalistebs, diriJorebs da a.S. 1993-1997 wlebSi misi analogiuri iyo aseve yovelkvireuli erTsaaTia-ni gadacema `variaciebi rokokos Temaze~ (avtori lali gabu-nia). igi msmenelebs mouTxrobda klasikuri musikis sxvadasxva

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mimdinareobis Sesaxeb, maTi Camoyalibebis istoriaze, maT sa-ukeTeso warmomadgenlebze. klasikuri musikis nawarmoebebs da maT Semsruleblebs eZRvneboda agreTve 1996-1998 wlebSi yovelkvireuli 45-wuTiani cikli `musikaluri `Sedevrebi~ (avtori da wamyvani ani bregvaZe). SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es iyo koncerti winasityvaobiT, saintereso informacia-ganmarte-bebiT. calkeuli gamoSvebebi mieZRvna beThovenis, mocartis, baxis, vivaldis, belinis, rosinisa da sxvaTa Semoqmedebas.

aRniSnul programebTan erTad 1999-2000 wlebSi eTerSi iyo ramdenime cikli klasikur musikaze: `operebi karaianis diriJorobiT~, `beThovenis simfoniebi~ `ucnobi operebis furclebze~ da sxv. 2001-2002 wlebis gadacemebidan aRsaniS-navia `XX saukune. musika da musikosebi~ (avtori da wamyvani marika CijavaZe). am proeqtma gaimarjva fond `Ria sazogadoe-ba `saqarTvelos~ konkursSi da misgan gamoyofili grantiT mzaddeboda (m. CijavaZesTan erTad gadacemaze muSaobdnen kompozitori T. bakuraZe da musikismcodne q. bolaSvili). klasikur musikas eZRvneboda agreTve cikli ` msoflios ga-moCenili musikos-Semsruleblebi~, romelsac koncertis forma hqonda da komentarebis gareSe gadaicemoda. ufro ad-re, 1992-1996 wlebSi TiTqmis yoveldRe gadaicemoda calkeuli koncertebi (magaliTad, `zaqaria faliaSvilis saopero musi-ka~, `vaJa azaraSvilis nawarmoebebi~, `mReris baTu kraveiSvi-li~ da a.S.). amgvari praqtika 2003 wlis bolomde grZeldeboda.

programaSi Tavisi adgili ekava sagundo musikas, eTerSi iyo rubrikebi: `qarTuli sagaloblebi~, `sagundo musika~ da sxv. 1992 wels momzadda gadacemaTa cikli `sagundo xelovne-bis samyaroSi~. ciklis avtori da wamyvani sagundo diriJori boris ZnelaZe yovel gamoSvebaSi acnobda msmenelebs romeli-me koleqtivs, misi Seqmnis istoriasa da moRvaweobas. xSirad gadacemis Tema iyo saeklesio musika, qarTuli sagaloblebi. gadaicemoda yovelkvireulad (45 wuTi).

musikaluri gadacemebis mTavari redaqcia operatiulad exmaureboda agreTve yvela RirSesaniSnav movlenas, romelic klasikuri musikis sferoSi xdeboda. ase magaliTad, 1997 wlis oqtomberSi gadaicemoda `pianistTa Tbilisis pirveli saer-TaSoriso konkursis dRiuri~, 1998 wlis april-maisSi — saope-

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ro musikis saerTaSoriso festivali `bravo~, romelic Tbi-lisSi gaimarTa paata burWulaZis iniciativiT, Caiwera saqar-Tvelos radiom da reportaJebis garda mTliani saopero speq-taklebic gadaicemoda.

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoboda 1992-2004 wlebSi saqarTvelos radioSi saestrado da msubuq musikas. mas yo-velTvis didi auditoria hyavda da radioprogramaSi mudam uxvad iyo saTanado ciklebi da rubrikebi: `dilis koncerti~ (yoveldRiuri), `saestrado meridianze~ (kviraSi samjer), `me-lodia, ritmi, ganwyobileba~ (yovelkvireuli), `saestrado koncerti~, `msoflio estradis melodiebi~, `qarTuli estra-dis melodiebi~, `lirikuli melodiebi~, ùberebeli melodie-bi~, `saRamos melodiebi~, èkranis melodiebi~, `msubuqi musi-kis koncerti~, `retro, retro~, `musikaluri reviu~, `musika-luri kolaJi~, `dilis ritmebi~, `qarTvel kompozitorTa sim-Rerebi~ da sxv. garda met-naklebad mudmivi rubrikebisa, eTerSi gadaicemoda saestrado simRerebis calkeuli kon-certebi, magaliTad: `revaz laRiZis simRerebi~, `giorgi ca-baZis kinomusika~, mReris ansambli òrera~, `mReris maikl jeqsoni~, òskar pitersonis koncerti~ da a.S.

Cveulebriv koncertebTan erTad mravlad iyo persona-luri saavtoro gadacemebi — koncerti-saubrebi, musikalur-publicisturi da musikalur-saganmanaTleblo programebi. 1992-1998 wlebSi yoveldRiurad gadaicemoda manana xvedeli-Zis erTsaaTiani saavtoro programa `koncerti 6 saaTze~ (Ta-vidan masTan erTad programas uZRveboda gogi WilaSvili). igi popularizacias uwevda roks, jazs, bluzs, kinomusikas, gadascemda ucxoel SemsrulebelTa Canawerebs. gadacemaSi monawileobdnen estradis momRerlebi, musikaluri jgufebi, kompozitorebi, musikismcodneebi. isini saubrobdnen Tavi-anT Semoqmedebaze, auditorias acnobdnen axal nawarmoebebs da a.S. programa pirdapir eTerSi gadaicemoda da msmenels maTTan gasaubrebis saSualeba hqonda.

analogiuri xasiaTisa iyo yovelkvireuli erTsaaTiani programa èstrasfero~ (avtori da wamyvani irine moseSvili), romelic amave wlebSi gadaicemoda. igi iuwyeboda kviris gan-mavlobaSi momxdar siaxleebs estradis sferoSi, eTers uT-

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mobda simRerebis premieras, studiaSi iwvevda momRerlebsa da kompozitorebs. programis mudmivi rubrikebi iyo: `Cveu-lebrivi varskvlavebi~, `simReris premiera~, àxali saxelebi~, èstrasfero da bavSvebi~, romelic msmenels acnobda norC Semsruleblebs da àxali simRerebi~ — axalgazrda momRer-lebis Semoqmedebaze. 1993 wlidan maT daemata `jaz-spiriti~, romelsac Tamaz darsaveliZe uZRveboda.

90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi Seiqmna specialuri programebi, romlebic eZRvneboda roksa da jazs. 1992-1995 wlebSi yovel-kvireulad, xolo 1996-1998 wlebSi kviraSi orjer gadaicemo-da pirdapir eTerSi 1-saaTiani musikalur-gasarTobi progra-ma `roki, smoki da ... `. misi avtori da wamyvani iyo udrood gardacvlili niWieri Jurnalisti da musikosi darejan guli-aSvili (zogjer mas partniorobas uwevda ediSer abulaZe). `roki, smoki da ...~ mravalferovani programa iyo: gadaicemo-da informaciebi saqarTveloSi rok-musikis ganviTarebaze, sazRvargareTis musikalur cxovrebaze, qarTveli da ucxoe-li momRerlebis Canawerebi, fsiqologTa rCevebi, anekdotebi, sensaciuri ambebi da a.S. programaSi CarTuli iyo viqtorina da gamarjvebulebs prizebiT ajildoebdnen. garda amisa, as-rulebdnen msmenelTa musikalur dakveTebsac.

1992-1997 wlebSi darejan guliaSvilis saavtoro progra-ma iyo agreTve `roki naSuaRamevs~, romelic yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda gvian RamiT aseve pirdapir eTerSi 1 saaTis xan-grZlivobiT. masSi rok-musikis Zvel da axal Canawerebs Tan axlda informaciebi qarTuli da sazRvargareTuli rok-jgu-febis Sesaxeb, reportaJebi rok-saRamoebidan, interviuebi rok-musikis moyvarulebTan, hit-paradi da a.S. studiaSi xSi-rad modioda msmenelTa werilebi, — isini ZiriTadad iTxov-dnen sxvadasxva musikaluri nawarmoebis gadacemas.

90-iani wlebis bolos darejan guliaSvilma kidev moamza-da ori saavtoro gadacema: musikalur-gasarTobi xasiaTis `musikaluri horoskopi~ (1998), romelic msmenels acnobda Cinur da iaponur horoskopebs musikis TanxlebiT da `gamiRi-me~ (1999), romelic Tanamedrove pop-musikiTa da mokle in-formaciebiT Semoifargleboda. orive programa mxolod ram-denimejer gadaica eTerSi.

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1992-1999 wlebSi kviraSi orjer gadaicemoda koncerti--saubris formis 1-saaTiani programa `jazis saaTi~ (mas l. ka-ranaZe da m. CitiZe uZRvebodnen). igi informacias awvdida ja-zis moyvarulebs am musikaluri mimarTulebis Camoyalibebisa da ganviTarebis Sesaxeb, acnobda jazis pionerebis cxovreba-sa da Semoqmedebas, mimoixilavda Tanamedrove jazis mdgoma-reobas da uaxles jazur musikas. programaSi uxvad iyo Zveli da axali jazmenebis Canawerebi. msmenels saSualeba hqonda pirdapir eTerSi gasaubreboda gadacemis wamyvans. Tavidan gadacemas uZRveboda SesaniSnavi Jurnalisti gela leJava, romelmac 15 weli imuSava musikaluri gadacemebis mTavar re-daqciaSi da cxovrebis didi gza ganvlo — rigiTi redaqtori-dan saxteleradios Tavmjdomaris moadgilemde. misi udrood gardacvalebis Semdegac jazur musikas saqarTvelos radioSi saTanado adgili eWira da mis popularizacias jimSer iaSvi-li eweoda. 1997-2004 wlebSi eTerSi iyo `jazis moyvarulTaT-vis~, 2001-2002 wlebSi `Ramis jazi~, xolo 2004 wels Ramis eTerSi kviradRis garda yoveldRe iyo saqarTvelos radiosa da bi-bi-sis erToblivi programa `JAZZ FM~ (qronometraJi 75 wuTi).

1996 wels Seiqmna yovelkvireuli naxevarsaaTiani prog-rama `bluzidan dRemde~, romelic mimoixilavda musikis sxva-dasxva mimarTulebis warmoSobisa da ganviTarebis etapebs — rogorc Tavad bluzs, ise mZime roks, rok-en-rols da a.S. ga-daicemoda uamravi saintereso informacia da musikaluri Ca-naweri (avtori da wamyvani leqso turiaSvili).

1996-1997 wlebSi, adrian diliT, SabaT-kviris gamoklebiT, yovelkvireulad iyo eTerSi musikalur-gasarTobi programa `dilis talRaze~, romelic msmenels awvdida Tanamedrove qarTul da ucxour popularul musikalur Canawerebs, amas-Tan, gadascemda saintereso, sensaciur da gasarTob informacias.

zogierTi cikli uSualod Seexeboda qarTuli estradis Tanamedrove problemebs. magaliTad, 1998-2001 wlebSi yovel-kvireulad gadaicemoda 40-wuTiani programa `leqsi da simRe-ra~. misi avtori da wamyvani gulnara odiSaria studiaSi mow-veul kompetentur pirebTan erTad ganixilavda qarTuli sa-simRero leqsisa da simReris dRevandel mdgomareobas. am sa-kiTxebze msjelobaSi sxvadasxva dros monawileobdnen: nani

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bregvaZe, Tengiz CoCua, aleqsandre basilaia, eka kvaliaSvili da sxv. 1998 wels analogiuri xasiaTisa iyo rubrika `kidev er-Txel qarTul simReraze~.

saqarTvelos radio arc im adamianebs iviwyebda, visac udidesi wvlili miuZRvis musikaluri saSemsruleblo xelov-nebis ganviTarebaSi. 1990-1995 wlebSi periodulad gadaice-moda musikaluri programa `gaxseneba~ (avt. lali imnaiSvili). studiaSi mowveuli megobrebi da axloblebi ixsenebdnen gar-dacvlil Semoqmeds, mis pirovnul da profesiul Tvisebebs, eTerSi gadaicemoda mis mier Sesrulebuli nawarmoebebi.

1999 wels saqarTvelos radios saestrado musikalur ga-dacemebs Seemata sami axali programa: `harmonia~, àxali pate-foni~ da àlo, gismenT 59 da 9!~. programa `harmonia~ (anu igi-ve `leqsi da simRera~ — mas mxolod saxelwodeba Seecvala) eTers uTmobda qarTuli estradis cnobil warmomadgenlebs (eka mamalaZe, vaxtang kikabiZe, robert barZimaSvili, merab se-faSvili, Temur wiklauri, Tamar WoxoneliZe da sxv.). isini sa-ubrobdnen axal simRerebze, momavalSi dagegmil koncerteb-sa da gastrolebze. amave dros eTerSi gaismoda simRerebi, romlebmac maT popularoba moutanes. `harmonia~ eTerSi ga-daicemoda TveSi orjer 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. programa àxali patefoni~ (avtori da wamyvani xaTuna koberiZe) gadai-cemoda kviraSi orjer aseve 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT da sxva-dasxva rubrikisagan Sedgeboda. rubrika àxali ambebi~ mok-led acnobda msmenels qarTuli saestrado musikis siaxleeb-sa da sxva mniSvnelovan ambebs; `retrofoni~ eZRvneboda qar-Tuli retromusikis Rirseul moRvaweTa warmoCenas; `kviris simRera~ msmenels warudgenda bolo kviris yvelaze popula-rul simReras; rubrika `klubi~ studiaSi iwvevda qarTuli Soubiznesis warmomadgenlebs da eTers uTmobda maTTan sau-bars da a.S.

gansxvavebuli xasiaTis iyo musikalur-gasarTobi prog-rama àlo, gismenT 59 da 9!~, romelic 2004 wlis bolomde ga-daicemoda. Tavidan albaT saxelwodeba mianiSnebda, rom programa 59 da 9 meaTedi wuTi grZeldeboda, magram radgan yvela gamoSveba am qronometraJis ar iyo, 2001 wlidan mas àlo, gismenT!~ ewoda. àlo, gismenT!~ pirdapiri eTeriT gadaicemo-

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da samSabaTidan paraskevis CaTvliT, dReSi orjer — diliT, 9 saaTsa da 30 wuTze an 10 saaTze da saRamos 18 saaTze. dilis gamoSveba naxevarsaaTiani iyo, saRamosi — erTsaaTiani. ro-gorc programis saxelwodeba cxadyofs, komunikatorebi mudmivad iyvnen mzad msmenelTan urTierTobisaTvis da es zedmiwevniT aqtiurad xorcieldeboda. dilisa da saRamos programebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdeboda: Tu diliT wamyva-nebi cdilobdnen xalisiani ganwyobilebis Seqmnas, saRamos programa ufro auditoriis interesebisa da moTxovnilebe-bis Sesabamisad iyo agebuli. programaSi uxvad iyo informa-ciebi Soubiznesis Sesaxeb. studiaSi iwvevdnen qarTuli es-tradis warmomadgenlebs, romlebic saubrobdnen msmenel-TaTvis saintereso sakiTxebze da pirdapir eTerSi pasuxob-dnen maT SekiTxvebs. paralelurad eTerSi JRerda musikalu-ri nomrebi mowveuli stumrebis SesrulebiT. garda amisa, programaSi CarTuli iyo radioviqtorina, cnobebi mosalod-neli mniSvnelovani kulturuli RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb, amin-dis prognozi da sxv. dilis programaSi auditoriasTan kavSi-ris gaZlierebis mizniT wamyvanebi msmenelebs sTavazobdnen improvizaciul Temebs, isinic aqtiurad rekavdnen da pirda-pir eTerSi saubrobdnen dasaxelebul Temebze, zogjer sakma-od seriozul sakiTxebzec. programas rigrigobiT uZRvebod-nen: manana xvedeliZe, nia baxtaZe, lali seTuriZe da lali im-naiSvili.

2000 wels Seiqmna kidev erTi yovelkvireuli saestrado-mu-sikaluri rubrika `qarTuli hitaRlumi~. mis yovel gamoSve-baSi Sedioda 7 saukeTeso popularuli simRera, romlebic ra-dioauditoriis satelefono zarebis meSveobiT iyo gamovle-nili. igi 15 wuTs grZeldeboda da am drois manZilze eTerSi JRerda es Svideuli, rasac Tan erTvoda mokle informaciebi SemsrulebelTa Sesaxeb (avtori da wamyvani ani bregvaZe).

klasikuri da saestrado musikis gverdiT Tavisi adgili ekava qarTul xalxur Semoqmedebas — musikasa da simRerebs, Tumca misi moculoba gacilebiT mcire iyo. 1992-2004 wlebSi eTerSi mudmivad iyo rubrikebi: `qarTuli xalxuri musika~, `qarTuli xalxuri simRerebi~, `Cveni mTa-baris hangebi~ (yo-veldRiurad kviradRis garda), `Tarodan CamoRebuli simRe-

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rebi~, `qalaquri hangebi~ da a.S. periodulad mzaddeboda oriode programac. 1998-1999 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadai-cemoda 40-wuTiani publicistur-musikaluri programa `qar-Tuli xalxuri simReris moamageni~ (avtori da wamyvani Jurna-listi nana garsevaniSvili). igi exmaureboda qarTuli xalxu-ri simRerebis cnobili Semsruleblebisa da am sferoSi moR-vawe sxva cnobil SemoqmedTa saiubileo TariRebs. uxvad iyo gamoyenebuli saqarTvelos radios audiofondSi daculi, maT mier Sesrulebuli unikaluri Canawerebi, cnobil pirov-nebaTa mogonebani maT Sesaxeb da a.S. gadacemaSi monawileob-dnen rogorc dedaqalaqis, ise sxvadasxva raionSi moRvawe TviTmoqmedi ansamblebi da calkeuli momRerlebi.

2000-2002 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda naxevarsa-aTiani saganmanaTleblo-musikaluri programa `Cven mSvido-ba~. igi msmenelebs acnobda im Zvel tradiciebs, romlebic odiTganve arsebobda Cvens qveyanaSi da dRes ukve naklebadaa SemorCenili. garda amisa, Suqdeboda saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi arsebuli wes-Cveulebebi da ritualebi (magaliTad, niSnobis, qorwinebis, dakrZalvis da a.S.). gadacemaSi uxvad iyo CarTuli Sesabamisi qarTuli xalxuri simRerebi, xSirad iyo agreTve saeklesio sagaloblebi (wamyvanebi marina kviJi-niZe da nana mSvidobaZe).

zemoT ganxiluli `dargobrivi~ (klasikuri, saestrado Tu xalxuri musikis) koncertebisa da programebis gverdiT saqarTvelos radioSi mzaddeboda ramdenime Sereuli saxis programac, romelic musikaluri mauwyeblobis samive mimar-Tulebas moicavda. 1999-2000 wlebSi pirdapir eTerSi gadai-cemoda naxevarsaaTiani yovelkvireuli programa `musikalu-ri koleqciidan~ (avtori da wamyvani lali imnaiSvili). igi mTlianad iyo agebuli kerZo koleqcionerebis mier mowode-bul musikalur Canawerebze da moicavda sxvadasxva Janrs respondentis gemovnebis mixedviT. studiaSi mowveuli iyvnen am CanawerTa mflobelebi, romlebic uSualod esaubrebodnen radiomsmenelebs, acnobdnen sxvadasxva unikaluri audioma-salis istorias, msjelobdnen musikis Tanamedrove proble-mebze da a.S. gadacemaSi sxvadasxva dros monawileobdnen: go-gi WiWinaZe, robert barZimaSvili, laSa buRaZe da sxv.

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2000 wels Seiqmna programa `musikaluri panorama~, rome-lic msmenels acnobda msoflio musikaluri samyaros siaxle-ebs, axal jgufebsa da Semsruleblebs. uxvad iyenebda musika-lur Canawerebs. igi gadaicemoda yovel SabaTs 30 wuTis xan-grZlivobiT, uZRveboda marika CijavaZe. faqtobrivad, am programis gagrZelebas warmoadgenda marika CijavaZis meore saavtoro gadacema `internetniusi~, romelic aseve msofli-os musikalur siaxleebs moicavda (eyrdnoboda internetiT mopovebul masalebs) da 2003-2004 wlebSi yovel samuSao dRes gadaicemoda 15 wuTis moculobiT (meordeboda imave dRes).

amave wels Seiqmna Sereuli saxis rubrika `brwyinvale mu-sika~ (proeqtis avtori lali gabunia). igi popularizacias uwevda rogorc klasikuri musikis Sedevrebs, ise sxva Janris unikalur nawarmoebebs. eTerSi JRerda fragmentebi operebi-dan da simfoniuri nawarmoebebidan, jazuri musikis, bluzis, pop-musikis Canawerebi, informacia maTi avtorebis cxovreba-sa da Semoqmedebaze. yoveli gamoSveba romelime erT mimarTu-lebas eZRvneboda da Tavisi wamyvani hyavda. arsebiTad es iyo koncerti-saubris Janris gadacema, koncerti ganmartebebiT. 2000-2002 wlebSi rubrika yoveldRiurad iyo eTerSi, 2003-2004 wlebSi ki — kviraSi oTxjer, 45 wuTis xangrZlivobiT.

aseve Sereuli xasiaTis iyo: `musikis saaTi axalgazrdobi-saTvis~, `koncerti erovnuli armiis meomrebisaTvis~, `maT-Tvis, vinc gzaSia~ da sxv.

dabolos, unda aRiniSnos musikaluri mimoxilvebis Sesa-xeb, romlebic 1992-1998 wlebSi drodadro gamoCndeboda xolme saqarTvelos radios programaSi. am formis iyo radi-oprograma (Tu radioJurnali, rogorc xSirad cxaddeboda) `Cangi~, romelic saqarTvelos radioSi 1963 wlidan arsebobs da 1998 wlis Tebervlamde gadaicemoda (avtori lali gabunia). igi yoveli Tvis bolos iyo eTerSi 1 saaTis xangrZlivobiT da msmenelebs acnobda am Tvis manZilze musikis sferoSi mom-xdar yvelaze mniSvnelovan movlenebs. studiaSi mowveuli momRerlebi, kompozitorebi, musikismcodneebi saubrobdnen saqarTvelosa da mis farglebs gareT mimdinare samusiko cxovrebis — koncertebis, Sou-programebis, festivalebis Se-saxeb. programaSi CarTuli iyo reportaJebi sakoncerto dar-

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bazebidan, musikaluri nomrebi qarTveli momRerlebis Ses-rulebiT da sxv. iSviaTad `Cangs~ enacvleboda mimoxilvebi: `musikaluri ianvari~, `musikaluri Tebervali~, `musikaluri marti~ da a.S. 1992-1995 wlebSi musikaluri gadacemebis mTa-var redaqciaSi mzaddeboda agreTve wlis musikaluri movle-nebis Semajamebeli programebi saxelwodebiT: `musika 1992(1993...) wels~. `Cangis~ Semdeg ramdenime xans, 1998 wlis iv-nisamde, eTerSi iyo mimoxilva `kviris musikaluri siaxleebi~ (mas calkeuli rubrikebic hqonda, magaliTad, `axali Cems Se-moqmedebaSi~ da `visac jazi giyvarT~, romelsac jimSer iaSvi-li uZRveboda). es TiTqos ufro misaRebi forma iyo, magram aRar gagrZelebula — TandaTan aSkara gaxda, rom amgvari mimo-xilvebi (miT ufro yovelTviuri da yovelwliuri) musikaluri mauwyeblobis Tanamedrove struqturas aRar Seesabameboda.

4. saganmanaTleblo mauwyebloba

saqarTvelos radios programaSi 1992-2004 wlebSi Tavisi gamokveTili adgili eWira saganmanaTleblo mauwyeblobas, romelic moicavda mecnierebisa da teqnikis, istoria-eTnog-rafiis, samarTlis, medicinis, ekologiisa da sxva msgavs Te-mebze Seqmnil gadacemebs. zogierTi maTgani adrindeli, tra-diciuli programebisa da rubrikebis gagrZelebas warmoad-genda, umetesoba ki am periodSi pirvelad gavida eTerSi. am programebs amzadebdnen sazogadoebriv-politikuri gadace-mebis mTavari redaqcia (romelic am dros ukve saxalxo meur-neobis mTavar redaqciasac moicavda), literaturul-drama-tuli programebis mTavari redaqcia, aseve sabavSvo, axalgaz-rduli da musikaluri gadacemebis redaqciebic, magram isini imdenad specifikuria, rom umjobesi iqneba maTi erToblivad ganxilva.

mTeli Tavisi arsebobis manZilze saqarTvelos radio yo-velTvis axerxebda garkveuli dro daeTmo eTerSi saqarTve-los istoriis, eTnografiis, erovnuli kulturuli memkvid-reobis sakiTxebisaTvis. qveynis damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg amis SesaZlebloba, cxadia, bevrad gaizarda. suverenu-li qveynis saxelmwifo radiom saqarTvelos istoriis gacno-

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ba patriotuli aRzrdis efeqtur saSualebad aqcia. warsu-lis saamayo ambebisa da Rirseul mamuliSvilTa gaxsenebiT sa-qarTvelos radio Tanamedroveebs samSoblos damoukideblo-bisa da teritoriuli mTlianobis dacvisaken mouwodebda. am suliskveTebiT iyo gaJRenTili mweral vaxtang WeliZis saav-toro gadacemaTa cikli `saqarTvelos istoria — gmirebi da movlenebi~, romelic 1992-1996 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gada-icemoda 25-30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (mikrofonTan TviTon av-tori gamodioda). es cikli saTaves 1983 wlidan iRebs da mu-dam iwvevda msmenelTa did interess. rogorc cnobilia, misi beWduri varianti ramdenimejer da ramdenime tomad gamoica kidec `qarTlis cxovrebis qronikebis~ saxelwodebiT.

1997-2000 wlebSi vaxtang WeliZis cikls Caenacvla mweral Tamaz natroSvilis cikli `etiudebi Cveni warsulidan~ (Sem-deg igi 2004 wlis programaSic gamoCnda). cikli populariza-cias uwevda Cveni gmiri mefeebis moRvaweobas, qarTveli meom-rebis patriotul SemarTebas, qristianobisTvis wamebuli adamianebis cxovrebas da a.S. programis TiToeul gamoSvebas Tavisi saxelwodeba hqonda: `raindebi~, `ubadlo mesaWe daviT aRmaSenebeli~, `jerjerobiT auxsneli~, `JamTa aRmwereli~, `CafuSuli revanSi~ da sxv. (qronometraJi 30 wuTi).

aseve, 1992-1993 wlebSi kvlav grZeldeboda Jurnalist qe-Tevan sadRobelaSvilis saavtoro programis `kviraZalis~ ga-dacema. es mxatvrul-saganmanaTleblo programa yovelkvire-ulad iyo eTerSi 1 saaTis moculobiT.

1998 wels gaCnda axali 15-wuTiani rubrika `Tbilisis is-toriidan~. masSi saubari iyo Tbilisis daarsebaze, mis satax-to qalaqad qcevasa da Semdgom ganviTarebaze, im brZolis Se-saxeb, romelic qarTvel ers mouxda ucxoel dampyroblebTan dedaqalaqis SenarCunebisaTvis, qalaqis sxvadasxva drois Ta-viseburebebze da a.S. aseve, 1997 wels programa `lileSi~ Seiq-mna rubrika `saqarTvelos soflebi~, romelmac erTi wlis Semdeg damoukidebeli saxe miiRo. igi yovelkvireulad gadai-cemoda adrian diliT 15 wuTis moculobiT. avtorebi — ivane da sofiko jafariZeebi msmenelebs mouTxrobdnen saqarTve-los sxvadasxva kuTxis soflebze, maT warsulsa da Tanamed-roveobaze, acnobdnen iq arsebul istoriul Zeglebs, adaT-

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wesebs da sxv. am rubrikebma ori weli iarseba. 2000-2001 wlebSi saqarTvelos radios literaturul-

dramatuli gadacemebis redaqciaSi mzaddeboda yovelkvire-uli naxevarsaaTiani programa `sayrdeni~ (avtori giorgi za-riZe), romelic exeboda istoriul-filosofiur problemebs, rac dResac mTavar saazrovno sayrdens warmoadgens mecnie-rebisaTvis. esaa: saxelmwifos arsi da mniSvneloba, misi sim-tkicisa da rRvevis safuZveli, samyaroSi arsebuli kanonzo-mierebani da sxva, sadReisod metad aqtualuri da jer kidev pasuxgaucemeli sakiTxebi. masSi gamoyenebuli iyo narkvevebi politikur moZRvrebaTa istoriidan, fragmentebi sxvadasxva filosofosTa publicisturi naSromebidan da a.S.

saqarTvelos istoriul warsulsa da tradiciebs eZRvne-boda agreTve 20-wuTiani programa `foliantebi~, romelic 2001-2002 wlebSi aseve yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda (avtori da wamyvani Jurnalisti dali morgoSia). yovel gamoSvebaSi TiTo stumari iyo mowveuli, magaliTad: istorikosi merab vaCnaZe, arqeologi ramin ramiSvili, enaTmecnieri avTandil arabuli, eTnografi Tina oCiauri da sxv. xSirad ikiTxeboda Sesabamisi nawyvetebi mxatvruli nawarmoebebidan. programaSi saubari iyo agreTve im qveynebis istoriasa da eTnografiaze, sadac pirvelad Caisaxa civilizacia (egvipte, saberZneTi, in-doeTi da sxv.). msmenelebs acnobdnen ucxoeli mogzaurebis Tu cnobili pirebis gamonaTqvamebs saqarTvelosa da qarTve-lebis Sesaxeb da a.S.

amave redaqciis ramdenime saganmanaTleblo gadacema eZR-vneboda qarTul enas, literaturas, Teatrs. rogorc adre aRiniSna, 1991 wlis maisSi daiwyo da 10 welze metxans iyo eTerSi literaturuli ganyofilebis programa `enai Semkuli da kurTxeuli~ (avtori da wamyvani mwerali da Jurnalisti Tamaz xmalaZe). igi gadaicemoda yovelkvireulad 45 wuTis xangrZlivobiT da msmenelebs acnobda qarTuli enis raobas, mis mniSvnelobas eris cxovrebaSi (`rogor viciT dedaena~, `ena da erovnuli kultura~, `kavSiri dedaenisa eris sulTan da xorcTan~, `Tavankara qarTuli~, `ra pasuxs gavcemT STamo-mavlobas~ da a.S.). sxvadasxva dros programaSi monawileob-dnen enaTmecnierebi, literatorebi, mwerlebi, mTargmnele-

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bi, pedagogebi (magaliTad: enaTmecnierebis institutis di-reqtori prof. besarion jorbenaZe, prof. giorgi gogolaSvi-li, filologiis mecnierebaTa kandidati maia lomaia, iapone-li qarTvelologi iasuhiro kojima, prof. genadi burWulaZe, Jurnal `saguramos~ mTavari redaqtori andro bedukaZe, af-xazuri enis specialisti prof. Teimuraz gvancelaZe da sxv.). isini saubrobdnen qarTuli enis sadReiso saWirboroto sa-kiTxebze: qarTuli sityvis kulturaze, enobriv darRvevebze, sasaubro enaSi arasworad damkvidrebul terminebze, im bar-barizmebze, romelic uaryofiTad moqmedebs Tanamedrove sa-literaturo enaze da sxv. programaSi agreTve CarTuli iyo poeziis nimuSebi, publicisturi werilebi.

garkveulwilad saganmanaTleblo, ufro zustad saganma-naTleblo-publicisturi xasiaTi hqonda Tamaz xmalaZis meo-re saavtoro gadacemas, `literatura da sxva~, romelic 2002-2004 wlebSi yovelkvireulad iyo eTerSi 45 wuTis xangrZli-vobiT. igi imeorebda 20-iani wlebis cnobili qarTuli Jurna-lis saxelwodebas da exeboda ara mxolod literaturisa Tu xelovnebis sxva dargebs, aramed yvelafers, rac eris sulier, kulturul cxovrebas ukavSirdeba, ganixilavda iseT Temebs, rac maradiuli da yvela droisTvis mniSvnelovania. gadacema radiosaubris Janrs miekuTvneboda. dialogi mimdinareobda wamyvansa (avtorsa) da studiaSi mowveul stumars Soris, ro-melic, rogorc wesi, sazogadoebisaTvis sakmaod cnobil pi-rovnebas warmoadgenda da uTuod hqonda saTqmeli da audi-toriisTvis gasaziarebeli (magaliTad, Tsu mesxeTis filia-lis reqtori merab beriZe, mwerlebi nugzar SataiZe, zaur ka-landia, guram doCanaSvili, laSa daviTaSvili da sxv.).

`literatura da sxvas~ yoveli gamoSveba erT Temas eZR-vneboda, Tumca saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba am Temaze sa-ubari ramdenime gadacemaSic gagrZelebuliyo. magaliTad, 2004 wlis 4 aprilis gadacemaSi mowveuli iyo soxumidan axal-dabrunebuli mwerali guram odiSaria, Sesabamisad, saubari exeboda afxazeTis, kerZod qarTvelebisa da afxazebis urTi-erTdamokidebulebas istoriis manZilze da axla. am saubars `literatura da sxvas~ sami gamoSveba daeTmo.

qarTuli Teatris ganvlil gzas asaxavda gadacema `qar-

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Tuli Teatris cxovrebis safexurebi~ igi sistematurad ga-daicemoda 1995 wels naxevari saaTis moculobiT (avtori da wamyvani Teatrmcodne naTela uruSaZe).

demokratiuli sazogadoeba, yvela sxva niSan-TvisebasTan erTad, upirvelesad samarTlebrivi sazogadoebaa da cxadia, rom demokratiis gzaze damdgari saqarTvelos radioSi sa-marTlebrivi codnis gavrcelebas saTanado yuradReba eqce-oda. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia 1999 wlis Semodgo-maze Seqmnili programa `kanonma mogvaniWa~, romelsac mogvia-nebiT `me, Sen da kanoni~ ewoda da 2004 wlis bolomde gadaice-moda. programa mzaddeboda saSinao politikis mTavar redaq-ciaSi, uZRveboda Jurnalisti giorgi CokoSvili. am periodSi miRebul iqna axali samoqalaqo kodeqsi, romlis SeqmnaSic qarTvel specialistebTan erTad aqtiurad monawileobdnen germaneli iuristebic. aqedan gamomdinare, gadacemaTa es cikli mzaddeboda goeTes institutTan da germaniis teqni-kur sazogadoebasTan TanamSromlobiT. pirveli gadacema 1-saaTiani iyo da eTerSi gavida saxelwodebiT `es ufleba ka-nonma mogvaniWa~ — studiaSi iyo iuristi koba daviTaSvili. Semdgom programa gadaicemoda jer or kviraSi erTxel 45 wu-Tis, mere ki — yovelkvireulad 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. sxva-dasxva dros masSi monawileobdnen axalgazrda iuristTa aso-ciaciis wevrebi: zviad korZaZe, vaxtang kobiaSvili, Tamuna metreveli da sxvebi, bolo ramdenime wels ki gadacemas hyav-da ucvleli iuristi diana berikaSvili. zogjer studiaSi iw-vevdnen moqmed mosamarTleebsac. saubari mimdinareobda pir-dapir eTerSi msmenelebis aqtiuri monawileobiT. ZiriTadi Temebi iyo qonebis, memkvidreobis, qorwinebisa da sxva socia-lur sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli samarTlebrivi dokumentebi da kanonTa kodeqsebi. programa 2004 wlis bolomde arsebobda.

saganmanaTleblo xasiaTisa iyo agreTve samarTlebrivi gadacema `uflebebi 18 wlamde~, romelic 2001 wlis noembri-dan 2002 wlis bolomde gadaicemoda. igi dafinansebuli iyo gaeros fondis grantiT (avtori lia wiklauri, qronometraJi 20 wuTi).

samarTlebriv sakiTxebTan erTad mosaxleobis gansakuT-rebul interess yovelTvis iwvevda samedicino informacia,

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janmrTelobis dacvis sakiTxebi. am mxriv saqarTvelos radi-oSi garkveuli tradicia didi xnidan arsebobda da axlac grZeldeboda. 1992-2001 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemo-da programa `janmrTeloba~, romelic 60-ian wlebSi Seiqmna (wamyvanebi — gulnara arobeliZe da asmaT barsoniZe, qrono-metraJi 20 wuTi). msmenelebs uxvad miewodebda informacia sxvadasxva daavadebis warmoqmnis, gavrcelebisa da mkurnalo-bis Sesaxeb. studiaSi mowveuli medicinis muSakebi saubrob-dnen axal preparatebze, samedicinos sferos siaxleebze, uax-les teqnologiebze, daavadebaTa mkurnalobis Tanamedrove meTodebze, pasuxobdnen msmenelTa SekiTxvebs. programas gar-kveulwilad publicisturi datvirTvac hqonda — TiTqmis yve-la gamoSvebaSi CarTuli iyo reportaJebi sxvadasxva samedici-no dawesebulebidan, Suqdeboda maTi saqmianoba da problemebi.

yovelkvireulad iyo eTerSi aseve tradiciuli 15-wuTia-ni rubrika `janmrTeli rom viyoT~. masSi gaerTianebuli iyo sxvadasxva gadacemebi, romlebic exeboda bavSvTa daavadebebs da maT mkurnalobas, mozardTa seqsualur aRzrdas, grips da misi gavrcelebis gzebs, infeqciur daavadebebsa da maTi Tavi-dan acilebis saSualebebs da a.S.

1992 wels samedicino gadacemebs Seemata Sereuli saxis programa `vidre saxlidan gaxvidodeT~. igi kviraSi orjer ga-daicemoda 10 wuTis xangrZlivobiT — erTxel samedicino Te-maze, meored ki iuridiuli konsultaciis saxiT. 1993 wels mas ewoda `vidre Sinidan gaxvidodeT~ da eTerSi gadioda oTxjer imave qronometraJiT (Temebic aseve icvleboda), uZRvebod-nen: asmaT barsoniZe, jemal melqaZe, irine keSelava da sxv. 1996-1998 wlebSi programis avtori da wamyvani iyo Tamar don-dua. programis samedicino gamoSvebebi mosaxleobas awvdida saTanado rCeva-darigebas sxvadasxva daavadebis, infeqciisa da epidemiis Tavidan asacileblad. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom af-xazeTSi brZolebis dros programa erTgvari Suamavlis rols asrulebda radiomsmenelebsa da meomrebs Soris. saxelmwi-fos xSirad ar hqonda saSualeba droulad miewodebina saTa-nado medikamentebi daWrili jariskacebisaTvis. `vidre Sini-dan gaxvidodeT~ regularulad mimarTavda mosaxleobas dax-marebisaTvis, acnobda saWiro medikamentebis nusxas, misamar-

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Tebs, sadac unda mietanaT Semowiruleba, gadascemda, Tu ra jgufis sisxli iyo saWiro daWrilebisaTvis da a.S.

2002-2004 wlebSi samedicino rCevebs garkveul adgils uTmobda agreTve adre ganxiluli Sereuli saxis sakonsulta-cio toqSou `socialuri saaTi mrgval magidasTan~. gamoSve-bebs samarTlebriv Temebze enacvleboda gamoSvebebi, romle-bic mTlianad samedicino sakiTxebs eZRvneboda (wamyvani — Jurnalisti maia gvritiSvili, qronometraJi 45 wuTi).

sxva samedicino rubrikebidan aRsaniSnavia òjaxis eqimi~ (1998) da `radioafTiaqi~ (1999). pirvel gadacemaSi studiaSi mowveuli eqimi pasuxobda radiomsmenelTa SekiTxvebs da aZ-levda saWiro rCevebs, meore (wamyvani maia gvritiSvili) — msmenelebs acnobda sxvadasxva preparatis daniSnulebas, ojaxSi mkurnalobis wesebs, pirveladi daxmarebis meTodebs da a.S. orive rubrikis qronometraJi 15 wuTi iyo. am gadaceme-bis nacvlad 1999 wlis oqtombridan Seiqmna axali samedicino gadacema èqimi gvirCevs~, romelic 2002 wlis bolomde kvira-Si orjer gadaicemoda 15 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. gadacemas am-zadebda samkaciani jgufi: Jurnalisti (maia gvritiSvili) da ori eqimi. pirdapir eTerSi erT gamoSvebaze muSaobda ojaxis eqimi, meore gamoSvebaze ki — jandacvis saministros pressam-saxuris ufrosi.

ramdenadme gansxvavebuli xasiaTi hqonda samedicino rubrikas ìcocxleT, batono!~ (1998-1999). igi mTlianad eZR-vneboda jansaRi cxovrebis wesis propagandas. ganxiluli iyo, Tu rogor uaryofiTad moqmedebs adamianis fiziologiur da fsiqikur mdgomareobaze iseTi mavne Cvevebi, rogoricaa: Tam-baqos weva, loToba, narkotikebis miReba, rogor SeiZleba maTgan Tavis daRweva.

zemoT aRniSnuli samedicino programebis Seswavla gviC-venebs, rom adre ganxiluli ekonomikuri gadacemebis msgav-sad mTeli rigi programebi aqac hgavs erTmaneTs, xdeba Teme-bis gaumarTlebeli dublireba da a.S. magram im dros, roca qveyana ZiriTadad fasian samedicino momsaxurebaze gadavida da mosaxleobis udidesi nawilisaTvis araTu mkurnaloba, aramed eqimis ubralo darigebac ki xelmiuwvdomeli gaxda, radioTi gadmocemuli samedicino konsultaciebi da rCeva-

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darigebebi albaT bevrisTvis iqneboda saWiro da sainteresoc. miuxedavad imisa, rom 1992-2003 wlebSi saqarTvelos ra-

dios samauwyeblo bade sakmaod mravalferovani iyo, gadace-mebs, romlebic qveyanaSi mimdinare mecnierul-teqnikur pro-cesebs asaxavda, masSi arcTu ise didi adgili hqonda daTmo-bili. es arsebuli sinamdvilis anarekli iyo — samoqalaqo da-pirispirebebiTa da teritoriuli mTlianobisaTvis brZoliT Zalagamoclil qveyanas am sferos ganviTarebisaTvis arc fi-nansuri da arc materialur-teqnikuri resursebi aRar gaaC-nda da qveynis didi mecnieruli potenciali ZiriTadad gamo-uyenebeli rCeboda. Sesabamisad, radioprogramaSi samecniero informaciis wili sagrZnoblad Semcirda, Tumca drodadro gadaicemoda calkeuli samecniero gamokvlevisa Tu aRmoCe-nis Sesaxeb. ZiriTadi adgili daikava mecnierebis ganviTare-bis axali gzebis Ziebam, sazRvargareTis samecniero centreb-Tan urTierTobis Temam, msoflio teqnikuri miRwevebis pro-pagandam da a.S.

1993 wlidan `mecnierebisa da teqnikuri progresis~ rub-rikiT eTerSi gamoCnda yovelkvireuli 25-30-wuTiani progra-mebi: `kvanti~, àmplituda~ da àxali idea~. `kvanti~ eTerSi gadaicemoda 1993 wlis maisamde. misi mTavari amocana iyo msmenelebisaTvis gaecno saqarTveloSi mecnierebisa da teq-nikis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi, qarTvel da ucxoel mecni-erTa gamogoneba-aRmoCenebi, respublikaSi axali teqnikis da-nergvis mimdinareoba da a.S. analogiuri programa iyo àmpli-tuda~, romelic mxolod dekembris TveSi gadaicemoda. prog-rama àxali idea~ (avtorebi da wamyvanebi — nanuli WavWaniZe da irine keSelava) ZiriTadad gadascemda cnobebs qarTvel gamomgonebelTa muSaobaze. studiaSi iwvevdnen axal ideaTa avtorebs, romlebic saubrobdnen TavianT saqmianobaze, arse-bul problemebze. didi yuradReba eTmoboda sazRvargareTis firmebsa da fondebs, romlebic zrunavdnen saqarTvelos teqnikuri ganviTarebisaTvis. programaSi CarTuli iyo re-portaJebi sawarmoebidan da samecniero laboratoriebidan, samecniero-teqnikuri konferenciebidan, romlebic imarTe-boda sxvadasxva qveyanaSi. 1996 wlidan àxali ideis~ periodu-loba dairRva — igi xan yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda, xan or

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kviraSi erTxel an TveSi erTxel. zogjer ki mas enacvleboda calkeuli gadacemebi: `menejmenti mecnierebaSi~, `reforma mecnierebis organizaciaSi~, `saqarTveloSi mineraluri re-sursebis koncefcia~, `Tbilisis stabiluri izotopebis in-stituti~, `monitoringi geologiaSi~ da a.S.

garkveuli adgili eWira saqarTvelos radioSi ekologiis Temas. damoukidebel saqarTveloSi mimdinare arasasurvelma procesebma, dausrulebelma ekonomikurma krizisma am mxri-vac mravali problema warmoqmna, rac saTanado gadacemebSic aisaxa. 1992 wlidan daiwyo èkologiuri radioprogramis~ ga-dacema, romelic mzaddeboda saSinao politikis mTavar re-daqciaSi (avtori da wamyvani Jurnalisti barbare benaSvili). igi naxevari saaTis xangrZlivobisa iyo da 1992-1993 wlebSi yovelTviurad gadaicemoda, 1994-1995 wlebSi ki — TveSi or-jer. 1996-1998 wlebSi mas èkologia~ erqva da yovelkvireu-lad iyo eTerSi imave qronometraJiT. programa radiomsmene-lebs mouTxrobda qveynis sxvadasxva regionis ekologiuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. studiaSi mowveuli ekologebi saub-robdnen, Tu rogor ziandeba wylebi, niadagi, tyeebi, nakrZa-lebi mewarmeebis, brakonierebisa Tu ubralod ekonomikurad SeWirvebuli mosaxleobis mier da rogor aviciloT Tavidan es ubedureba. am Temaze regularulad gadaicemoda reporta-Jebi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva raionidan, romlebsac specia-luri korespondentebi amzadebdnen. rubrikebi èkoglobusi~ da èkodaijesti~ msmenelebs acnobda ucxoeTis informaci-ebs rogorc calkeuli qveynebis, ise globaluri ekologiuri problemebis Sesaxeb. 1998 wels èkodaijesti~ damoukidebel gadacemad Camoyalibda, magram eTerSi araregularulad ga-daicemoda. igi iZleoda informacias mobiluri telefonebis moxmarebis wesebze, kompiuteruli sistemebis danergvaze, benzingasamarTi sadgurebis mavneobaze da a.S.

sxva saganmanaTleblo programebidan aRsaniSnavia yovel-kvireuli naxevarsaaTiani programa `maTTvis, vinc gzaSia~, romelic 1992-1995 wlebSi mzaddeboda saSinao politikis mTavar redaqciaSi specialurad mZRolebisaTvis (avtori da wamyvani Jurnalisti zaza zviadauri). masSi saubari iyo tran-sportze da masTan dakavSirebul problemebze, mZRolebis

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uflebebsa da movaleobebze, Tanamedrove saukeTeso markis manqanebze da sxv., rasac zogjer emateboda informaciebi sag-zao SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb.

Tavisi arsiT saganmanaTleblo mauwyeblobas esazRvreba gadacemebi religiis Temaze — religiuri codnis gavrceleba-sa da religiuri rwmenis damkvidrebaze. mas Semdeg, rac sab-WoTa imperia daingra da saqarTvelom damoukideblobas miaR-wia, adrindeli, saxelmwifo ideologiiT savaldebulo aTe-izmi Cvens qveyanaSi warsuls Cabarda da religiur Temas mas-mediaSi yovelgvari SezRudva moexsna. 1992-2000 wlebSi kvlav grZeldeboda 15-30-wuTiani religiuri programis `mwyemsi ke-Tilis~ gadacema (avtori Tina kobalaZe, 1996 wlidan — marika dauSvili, uZRveboda TinaTin elbaqiZe). 1994 wlamde igi kvi-radReobiT iyo eTerSi, Semdeg ki — yovel SabaT-kviras. prog-ramaSi saubari iyo qristianul rwmenaze, morwmune adamiane-bis Tanamedrove cxovrebaze, wmindanTa moRvaweobaze da a.S. aRniSnavdnen saeklesio dResaswaulebs, mowameTa xsenebis dReebs. ramdenime gadacema mieZRvna wmindan mefeTa cxovre-bas. programaSi CarTuli iyo `saeklesio moambe~. xSirad kiTx-ulobdnen saqarTvelos kaTalokos-patriarqis ilia meores epistoleebs. gadacemaSi aqtiurad monawileobdnen samRvde-loebis warmomadgenlebi.

1996-1997 wlebSi eTerSi iyo rubrika `saubrebi marTlmadi-deblobaze~. es iyo sasuliero pirTa 10-15-wuTiani qadagebani imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda cxovrobdes WeSmariti qristiani, rogor tardeba saeklesio ritualebi da sxv. amasTan, isini pa-suxobdnen msmenelTa SekiTxvebs, iZleodnen rCeva-darigebas.

1999 wels Seiqmna 15-wuTiani yovelkvireuli rubrika `sagzali sulis sazrdod~ (2000 wlidan `sagzali~). igi msmene-lebs mouTxrobda morwmuneTa Tavganwirvaze qristianuli rwmenis SenarCunebisaTvis, sxvadasxva kuTxiT ganixilavda ama Tu im istoriul da religiur faqtebs da xels uwyobda audi-torias garkveuliyo sasuliero sakiTxebSi.

amave wlis 28 agvistos pirvelad gavida eTerSi saeklesio programa `uflis gzaze~, romelic mieZRvna mariamobis dRe-saswauls. ganmartebuli iyo, Tu ras niSnavs es dResaswauli da rogor unda aRniSnos igi qarTvelma marTlmadidebelma

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qristianma. programis Semdgomi gamoSvebebi mieZRvna sxva re-ligiur TariRebs qarTvel da ucxoel didmowameebs. gadacema auditorias acnobda agreTve Zvel da axal aRTqmas, aswavli-da fsalmunebsa da sxva mniSvnelovan locvebs, aZlevda saWi-ro rCeva-darigebas.

garda amisa, specialurad mzaddeboda calkeuli gadace-mebi Sobis, aRdgomis, bzobis, xarebis, amaRlebisa da sxva tra-diciuli saeklesio dResaswaulebis aRsaniSnavad. magaliTad, 2000 wlis 30 aprils aRdgomis brwyinvale dResaswauls mieZR-vna 40-wuTiani gadacema `sikeTisa da siyvarulis madliT~, ro-melsac uZRveboda Jurnalisti gulnara odiSaria. igi esaub-reboda saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqs ilia meores, ro-melmac miuloca ers aRdgoma da ganmarta misi mniSvneloba, agreTve ganmarta saeklesio sagaloblebi, romelic parale-lurad ismoda eTerSi. aseve, sainformacio-musikalur, sabav-Svo da literaturul programebSi xSirad iyo rubrikebi re-ligiur Temaze. `dilaadrianis~ programiT gadaicemoda rub-rikebi: `dRe meeqvse~ da `dRis wmindani~. SabaTis tradiciuli rubrika `dRe meeqvse~ auditorias acnobda, rogor warmoiSva saeklesio nivTebi: jvari, zari, sakmeveli, barZimi da a.S., ro-gor moeqcnen qristianul rwmenaze zeciuri saswaulebis Se-degad urwmunoni da sxv. rubrika `dRis wmindani~ gadaicemoda wmindanTa xsenebis dReebSi da msmenelebs mouTxrobda maT cxovrebasa da moRvaweobaze.

2001-2002 wlebSi religiur Temaze saqarTvelos radios badeSi mxolod erTi programaa — `wyaro~ (qronometraJi 15 wuTi), 2003 wlidan ki aRarc is Cans. savaraudoa, es imiT aix-sneba, rom am periodSi ukve muSaobs saqarTvelos sapatriar-qos radiosadguri `iveria~, romelic mTel respublikaze ewe-va mauwyeblobas.

5. sabavSvo da axalgazrduli mauwyebloba

saqarTvelos radioSi yovelTvis iyo sazogadoebis gar-kveuli nawilisaTvis gankuTvnili TiTo-orola `misamarTia-ni~ rubrika (magaliTad, gadacemebi qalebisaTvis, mSoblebi-saTvis, mZRolebisaTvis, enebis SemswavlelTaTvis da a.S.). mag-

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ram arsebiTad mauwyeblobis es sistema moicavda or did sfe-ros — sabavSvo da axalgazrdul mauwyeblobas. am mxriv, ra Tqma unda, yvelaze gamokveTili iyo sabavSvo mauwyebloba. igi 1992-2004 wlebSic inarCunebda Tavis sistemur saxes, rad-gan erTdroulad moicavda sxvadasxva asakis auditorias (um-crosi, saSualo da ufrosi asakis bavSvebs) da sxvadasxva saxis mauwyeblobasac (publicisturs, saganmanaTleblos, mxat-vruls). samauwyeblo rubrikebis sistemac amgvar diferenci-aciaze iyo damyarebuli. nawili adrindeli rubrikebisa (`ci-cinaTela~, `Zilispiruli~, `cxra-naxevari~, `wignis Taro~ da sxv.) isev ganagrZobda arsebobas, magram ZiriTadad programa axali rubrikebisagan Sedgeboda, rac upirvelesad ganpiro-bebuli iyo sabavSvo mauwyeblobis mkveTri deideologizaci-iT, politikuri aRzrdis nacvlad didaqtikuri da saganma-naTleblo funqciebis win wamoweviT, norCi TaobisaTvis pat-riotuli suliskveTebis CanergviT.

es rubrikebi mzaddeboda saqarTvelos radios saymawvi-lo-saganmanaTleblo programebis mTavar redaqciaSi — ase ewoda mas 1992 wlidan, roca kvlav gamoeyo sabavSvo da axal-gazrduli programebis mTavar redaqcias da isev damoukide-beli statusi SeiZina (mTavari redaqtori julieta lomTaZe). am periodSi redaqciaSi muSaobdnen: anzor gelaSvili, ema bu-gianaSvili, dodo iaSvili, lili WaniSvili, Tamar gamrekeli, Tamar kikvaZe, ivane jafariZe, rusudan varZiaSvili, irma xar-SilaZe, neli rusiSvili, maia macxonaSvili, guranda kasraZe, nino jijavaZe, cisana elisaSvili.

radios saymawvilo-saganmanaTleblo programebi yovel-Tvis gamoirCeoda mravalTemianobiT, magram gadacemebis forma specifikuri iyo: TamaSis, dadgmis elementebi, konkur-sebi, viqtorinebi, msmenelebTan uSualo kontaqti, Tavad maTi monawileoba gadacemebSi ganapirobebda imas, rom mozardebi-saTvis saintereso da advilad aRsaqmeli yofiliyo seriozu-li movlenebi da problemebi. es gansakuTrebiT umcrosi da saSualo asakis bavSvebs Seexeba. 1999 wlamde yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda patara msmenelebisaTvis 20-wuTiani `radiosad-guri `cicinaTela~ — mokle zRapari-dadgmebi. zogjer mas ra-diokompoziciis formac hqonda da garkveul Temas eZRvnebo-

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da. aseve grZeldeboda maTTvis saRamos zRapris — `Zilispi-rulis~ gadacema, romelic eTerSi iyo yoveldRe, kvirisa da orSabaTis garda (15 wuTi). 1993-1999 wlebSi patarebisTvis iyo gankuTvnili agreTve yovelkvireuli naxevarsaaTiani programa `qaRaldis frani~ (`eZRvneba maT, visac uyvars frena da amisTvis xandaxan qaRaldis fransac akeTebs~). programis avtori da mudmivi wamyvani, bavSvebis didi megobari da mesai-dumle `guga~ (guranda kasraZe) advilad amyarebda urTier-Tobas am specifikur auditoriasTan. bavSvebi mas usvamdnen uamrav SekiTxvas maTTvis saintereso Temebze da TviTonac Tamamad saubrobdnen realur Tu gamogonil ambebze. gadaice-moda nawyvetebi sabavSvo speqtaklebidan, musikaluri nomre-bi, TviTon bavSvTa Semoqmedeba — leqsebi, Canaxatebi, moTx-robebi da a.S. xSirad bavSvebi urekavdnen wamyvans da masTan saubarSi ibadeboda gadacemis axali Tema, romlis formas ga-napirobebda seriozuli sagnebis Sesaxeb msubuqi iumoriT ga-jerebuli dialogi, saxaliso formiT miwodebuli informacia.

SemecnebiT-gasarTobi programa `bardnala~ msubuqi, xa-lisiani formiT patarebs awvdida informacias cxovelTa, frinvelTa da mcenareTa samyaros Sesaxeb, kosmosze, bunebis movlenebze, istoriaze, folklorze, xelovnebaze da a.S. ga-dacemaSi CarTuli iyo Temis Sesabamisi simRerebi, zRaprebi, leqsebi, romlebsac xSir SemTxvevaSi Tavad bavSvebi kiTxu-lobdnen. SemecnebiTi masala emyareboda dialogs wamyvansa (maia macxonaSvili) da gadacemis mudmivmoqmed zRaprul per-sonaJebs Soris. programa gadaicemoda kviraSi erTxel 1997 wlis ianvridan 2000 wlis seqtembramde.

2000-2004 wlebSi `bardnalis~ funqcias ramdenadme agrZe-lebda gadacema `zRapareTi~, romelic miznad isaxavda bavSve-bis fantaziis gaRvivebasa da mexsierebis ganviTarebas. gada-cemis wamyvani nino jijavaZe bavSvebs uambobda zRapars da Semdeg esaubreboda masSi wamoWril sxvadasxva Temaze. rubri-kaSi `jadosnuri Wogriti~ msaxiobebis mier gacocxlebuli zRapris gmirebi msmenelebs zRapareTis qveynis siaxleebs ac-nobdnen, xolo `zRapareTis skivrSi~ sayvarel zRaprebs yve-bodnen. `jadosnuri patefoni~ bavSvebs mxiarul simRerebs asmeninebda.

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bavSvobis Temas ukavSirdeboda `gemi `bavSvoba~ (avtorebi — rusudan varZiaSvili da irma xarSilaZe), romelic 1999-2001 wlebSi TveSi erTxel enacvleboda programa àblabudas~. es iyo simboluri `gemi~ Tavisi mudmivi ekipaJiT (kapitani, Sturmani, koki, mezRvaurebi), romelzec stumrad iwvevdnen romelime popularul pirovnebas Tavis bavSvobaSi samogzau-rod. igi igonebda Tavis ezos, baRs, skolas, ixsenebda bavSvo-baSi sayvarel simRerebs, leqsebs da a.S. gadacemas Tan axlda viqtorina msmenelebisaTvis da gamarjvebul bavSvebs iwvev-dnen Semdeg Sexvedraze.

saSualo da ufrosi asakis bavSvebisaTvis mauwyeblobas ukve diferencirebuli xasiaTi hqonda — eTerSi iyo rogorc publicisturi, ise saganmanaTleblo da mxatvruli gadacemebi.

saymawvilo publicisturi programa iyo `dila mSvidobi-sa!~, romelic 1991 wels daiwyo da 1994 wlis bolomde grZel-deboda, misi mTavari Tema skola da masTan dakavSirebuli problemebi iyo (wamyvanebi rusudan varZiaSvili da irma xar-SilaZe, gadaicemoda yovelkvireulad 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT).

Sereuli saxis, publicistur-saganmanaTleblo Tu pub-licistur-mxatvrul programebs warmoadgendnen `cxra-naxe-vari~ da àblabuda~. lili WaniSvilisa da dodo iaSvilis programa `cxra-naxevari~, rogorc adre aRiniSna, 1989 wels Seiqmna da 1994 wlis bolomde yovel kviradRes gadaicemoda eTerSi 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. saskolo cxovrebis asaxvas-Tan erTad programa bavSvebs acnobda saqarTvelos istoriis RirsSesaniSnav epizodebs, qarTuli mwerlobis saukeTeso ni-muSebs, uyveboda sensaciur da saxaliso ambebs da anekdotebs. TiTqmis yvela gamoSvebaSi ganmartavdnen religiis sxvadasxva sakiTxebs bavSvebisaTvis gasageb enaze, aRniSnavdnen saekle-sio dResaswaulebs da a.S. programas Tavad moswavleebi uZR-vebodnen.

programa àblabuda~ 1992 wlidan yovelkvireulad gadai-cemoda pirdapir eTerSi 2004 wlis meore naxevramde 40 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (aqedan 15 wuTi eTmoboda bavSvTa qarTuli simReris `hit-aRlums~), uZRvebodnen avtorebi — rusudan varZiaSvili da irma xarSilaZe. programa ZiriTadad saskolo cxovrebis amsaxvel siuJetebs Seicavda. gadaicemoda repor-

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taJebi skolebidan, interviuebi moswavleebTan, informacie-bi kulturis sxvadasxva sferodan, norC xelovanTa Semoqme-debis nimuSebi. programas hyavda Tavisi sportuli komenta-tori da hqonda saganmanaTleblo rubrikebi. `hit-aRlumis~ mizani iyo sabavSvo auditoriaSi qarTuli sabavSvo simReris popularizacia, niWieri momRerali bavSvebis gamovlena. wam-yvanebi (bavSvi da popularuli momRerali) yovel gamoSvebaSi waradgendnen sam sakonkurso simReras da bavSvebis satele-fono zarebis mixedviT Tvis bolos gamovlindeboda maT So-ris saukeTeso — Tvis hiti. yovelwliurad an weliwadSi or-jer ki xdeboda gamarjvebulTa prizebiT dajildoeba. aRniS-nuli proeqtis ganxorcielebisaTvis sakuTari musikaluri fondic Seiqmna.

gansxvavebuli xasiaTis iyo (adrindeli wlebis gadacemas — `yvelas safiqralsa da sazrunavs~ exmianeboda) toqSou `er-Tad~, romelic 2002-2004 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemo-da 50 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. igi exeboda im mwvave problemebs, romlebic mozardebis winaSe daayena qveynis dRevandelma mdgomareobam (danaSaulobaTa zrda, narkomania, prostitu-cia, maTxovari bavSvebi da sxv.). saxelwodeba albaT mianiSneb-da, rom am problemebis gadaWra mxolod sazogadoebis erTia-ni ZalisxmeviT aris SesaZlebeli. studiaSi TavSeyrili mSob-lebi, pedagogebi, fsiqologi an sxva specialisti Ria eTerSi ismendnen winaswar momzadebul siuJets zemoT aRniSnul ro-melime sakiTxze, Semdeg ki iwyeboda masze msjeloba, romel-Sic telefoniT radiomsmenelebic Rebulobdnen monawileo-bas. ase rom, es gadacema mozardebis garda ufrosi Taobis msmenelebisTvisac iyo gankuTvnili (avtorebi — rusudan var-ZiaSvili da irma xarSilaZe).

2001 wlis seqtembridan erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi da Semdeg 2003 wels eTerSi iyo amave avtorebis gadacema `klubi `p~ (anu profesionalTa klubi — 40 wuTi). igi mozardebis profesiul orientaciac emsaxureboda da acnobda adamianis saqmianobis sxvadasxva sferos. gadacemis pirvel nawilSi studiaSi myofi mozardebi ismendnen saTanado informacias romelime konkre-tul profesiaze da gamoTqvamdnen TavianT Sexedulebebs. me-ore nawilSi stumrad mowveuli aRniSnuli profesiis warmo-

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madgenlebi saubrobdnen TavianTi saqmianobis Sesaxeb da pa-suxobdnen bavSvebis SekiTxvebs.

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceoda sabavSvo-saganmanaT-leblo mauwyeblobas (es TviTon redaqciis saxelwodebaSic garkveviT aris miTiTebuli — `saymawvilo-saganmanaTleb-lo~). 1992-1995 wlebSi kvlav grZeldeboda tradiciuli yo-velkvireuli naxevarsaaTiani programis `wignis Taros~ gada-cema (avtori dodo iaSvili, uZRvebodnen diqtorebi: elene tabliaSvili da Temur CxikvaZe). igi bavSvebs acnobda qarTve-li da ucxoeli Tanamedrove mwerlebis Semoqmedebas. aseve grZeldeboda anzor gelaSvilis saavtoro cikli `cxovreba xelovnebaSi~ (mxatvrebsa da moqandakeebze).

anzor gelaSvili erT-erTi yvelaze niWieri Jurnalisti iyo saqarTvelos radioSi. misi bevri, maRalprofesiul done-ze momzadebuli gadacema (ZiriTadad radionarkvevebi) dRem-de inaxeba radios audiofondSi. magram misi didi erudicia, literaturuli niWi da daxvewili gemovneba yvelaze mkafiod gamovlinda programa `sarkeSi~. igi pirvelad gavida eTerSi 1992 wlis dekemberSi da avtoris gardacvalebamde, 2003 wlis bolomde, yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda jer naxevari saaTis, Semdeg ki 40 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (drodadro axlac gamoC-ndeba xolme safondo Canaweris saxiT).

saganmanaTleblo-publicisturi gadacema `sarke~ (ro-gorc cxaddeboda) faqtobrivad radioeseebis seriali iyo, romelsac eTerSi kiTxulobdnen: Tina elbaqiZe, zina kveren-CxilaZe, Tengiz arCvaZe, gizo sixaruliZe da mxatvruli kiTx-vis sxva gamoCenili ostatebi. igi mozardebs acnobda gamoCe-nili qarTveli da ucxoeli sazogado moRvaweebis, mwerlebis, poetebis, mxatvrebis, musikosebis, kinosa da Teatris Semoq-medTa cxovrebasa da moRvaweobas, vinc waruSleli kvali da-tova sakacobrio, upiratesad mxatvruli azrovnebis istori-aSi. `mTavari am programaSi qarTuli samyaro da qarTuli es-Tetikuri azria — qarTuli poeziis, qarTuli musikis, qarTu-li Teatrisa da mxatvrobis Sedevrebi, romelsac siymawvili-danve unda Seexo da eziaro~ — iuwyeboda gadacemis anonsi. sxvadasxva dros gadacemis gmirebi iyvnen: daviT aRmaSenebe-li, vaxtang VI, qeTevan dedofali, giorgi mTawmindeli, dimit-

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ri yifiani, arCil jorjaZe, mirza gelovani, miqelanjelo, pi-kaso da sxv. Tumca gadacemebis didi nawili ucxoelebs eZR-vneboda, maqsimalurad iyo win wamoweuli maTi damokidebule-ba saqarTvelosadmi. qarTuli kulturisadmi (magaliTad, ga-dacemaSi boris pasternakis Sesaxeb). `sarkeSi~ uxvad iyo gamo-yenebuli saqarTvelos radios audiofondis unikaluri Cana-werebi. gansakuTrebuli datvirTva hqonda musikas — JRerda mxolod klasikuri musikis Sedevrebi.

1993-1999 wlebSi yovelkvireulad iyo eTerSi 45-wuTiani programa `irao~ (avtori da wamyvani ivane jafariZe). misi mTa-vari Tema iyo mogzauroba, saerTod, geografia. bavSvebs mie-wodeboda saintereso cnobebi msoflios qveynebis, okeanee-bis, mdinareebis, mTebis da a.S. Sesaxeb; saqarTvelos sxvadas-xva kuTxeSi arsebul istoriul Zeglebze, gamoCenil qarTvel da ucxoel mogzaurebze da a.S. mudmivad iyo rubrikebi: `msoflio mogzaurebi~, `miviwyebuli aRmoCenebi~, `varaudi~ `saintereso ambebis samyaroSi~ da sxv. programaSi CarTuli iyo reportaJebi, interviuebi, gamosvlebi da a.S. garkveulwi-lad analogiuri xasiaTisa iyo programa `qveyanaTmcodneobis darbazi~, romelic kviraSi erTxel gadaicemoda 45 wuTis xan-grZlivobiT (avtorebi — neli rusiSvili da lili WaniSvili). igi bavSvebs acnobda sxvadasxva qveynis istoriasa da Tanamedrove cxovrebas, kulturas, xelovnebas, erovnul tradiciebs da a.S.

2000 wlis seqtemberSi pirvelad gavida eTerSi lili Wa-niSvilis saavtoro programa `qarTlis cxovreba~, romelic mieZRvna dmanisSi milion Svidasi aTasi wlis winandeli pir-velyofili adamianebis Tavis qalebis aRmoCenas. mas Semdeg — 2004 wlis bolomde, igi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 30 wu-Tis xangrZlivobiT da yoveli gamoSveba exeboda erT romeli-me konkretul Temas — erTi mefis moRvaweobas, kulturis erT Zegls an istoriis erT gamokveTil periods. magaliTad, erT gadacemaSi saubari iyo X-XI saukuneSi saqarTvelos gaerTia-nebaze, sxva gadacema mTlianad mieZRvna sveticxovlis taZars da a.S. yovel gadacemaSi Temis Sesabamisad mowveuli iyo erTi istorikosi an sxva specialisti (andria afaqiZe, mariam lor-TqifaniZe, oTar lorTqifaniZe, roin metreveli, daviT mus-xeliSvili, devi kaWarava, daviT xoStaria da sxv.). maTi mo-

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naTxrobi Sevsebuli iyo msaxiobebis mier wakiTxuli epizode-biT `qarTlis cxovrebidan~, ivane javaxiSvilis `qarTveli eris istoriidan~, vaxtang beriZis `Zveli qarTuli xuroT-moZRvrebidan~ da a.S. aseve CarTuli iyo TemasTan dakavSire-buli mxatvruli nawarmoebebis nawyvetebi (magaliTad, nawyve-ti k. gamsaxurdias romanidan `didostatis marjvena~ da xal-xuri leqsi `xekorZulas wyali misvams~).

saganmanaTleblo mauwyeblobis Tavisebur formas warmo-adgenda gadacema `radioauqcioni~ (Jurnalistebi — dodo iaSvili da Tamar kikvaZe). igi, ra Tqma unda, mxolod sabavSvo auditoriisaTvis ar iyo gankuTvnili da arsebiTad imdroin-deli socialuri realobiT iyo ganpirobebuli. `radioauqci-ons~ gamokveTili organizatoruli funqcia hqonda — wigne-bis propaganda-gayidva. wamyvani asaxelebda sxvadasxva Janri-sa da Tematikis wignebs (ZiriTadad mxatvrul literaturas), mokled uambobda msmenelebs maT Sesaxeb, acnobda sad da ra fasad SeeZloT maTi SeZena. gadacema pirvelad 1994 wels gavi-da eTerSi da im duxWir periodSi bevri inteligenturi ojaxi sTavazobda redaqcias wignebs gasayidad Tavisi biblioTekidan.

momdevno wlebSi `radioauqcionis~ Tematika TandaTan ga-farTovda: ewyoboda reportaJebi wignebis bazrobebidan da literaturuli saRamoebidan; aRiniSneboda mwerlebis, musi-kosebis, iubileebi, saeklesio TariRebi; gadaicemoda unika-luri Canawerebi saqarTvelos radios audiofondidan; pirda-pir eTerSi ikiTxeboda poeziis RirsSesaniSnavi nawarmoebebi, religiuri Tu filosofiuri wignebis fragmentebi, sazRvar-gareTis sabavSvo literaturis nimuSebi. 2001-2002 wlebSi mas jer `karceri `luqsi~ erqva, Semdeg ki — `radiobiblioTeka~ da yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 20 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. Suqdeboda mimdinare kulturuli movlenebi. rubrika `axali gamocemebi~ operatiul informacias iZleoda axalgamosuli wignebisa da Jurnal-gazeTebis Sesaxeb. studiaSi iwvevdnen mecnierebs, musikosebs, politikosebs (g. SaraZe, n. wuleiski-ri, b. kvernaZe, m. saakaSvili da sxv.), maTTan saubarSi xSirad erTvebodnen radiomsmenelebic. mwerlebi kiTxulobdnen nawyvetebs TavianTi nawarmoebebidan da a.S. eTerSi iyo rub-rikebi: `sityvis salaro~, `oqros fondi~, `Cemi sayvareli wig-

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ni~, `Cemi sayvareli literaturuli gmiri~ da sxv. 2003 wels gadacemis saxeli isev Seicvala da ewoda `eZie wigni~, gadaice-moda 2004 wlis ivlisamde.

calke unda gamoiyos SemecnebiT-gasarTobi programa `riski~ — rogorc eTerSi cxaddeboda, `Wkuis gasavarjiSebe-li-gasamxiarulebeli-gasarTobi-dasasvenebeli TamaSi~, ro-melic miznad isaxavda bavSvebisaTvis saqarTvelos istori-ul-kulturuli memkvidreobis gacnobas. masSi monawileobda ori saskolo gundi. konkursi 6 etapad mimdinareobda da Ti-Toeuli maTgani emsaxureboda gundebis wevrTa codnis gamov-lenas, agreTve maTi improvizaciis unaris gamomJRavnebas. konkursebis Sedegebs afasebda cnobili adamianebisgan Sem-dgari `brZenTa sabWo~, romlis gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba mxolod gulSematkivrebs SeeZloT. `riski~ 1992-1993 wlebSi TveSi orjer gadaicemoda 1 saaTis xangrZlivobiT, uZRvebod-nen avtorebi — rusudan varZiaSvili da irma xarSilaZe. faq-tobrivad es iyo TamaSis formis erTaderTi gadacema mTel imdroindel sabavSvo-saganmanaTleblo mauwyeblobaSi.

aseve, erTaderTi saswavlo gadacema iyo 1991-2004 wlebSi `visac inglisuri enis Seswavla surs~. igi yoveldRiurad ga-daicemoda, garda kviradRisa, adre diliT, 20 wuTis xan-grZlivobiT da meordeboda gvian saRamos.

sabavSvo mauwyeblobis kidev erT ZiriTad mimarTulebas warmoadgenda mxatvruli gadacemebi — mxatvruli nawarmoe-bebis kiTxva, radiodadgmebi, musikaluri koncertebi da programebi. mzaddeboda rubrika — `mwerali, romelsac unda icnobdeT~ (magaliTad, gadacema Sio aragvispirelze 1993 wels, Semdeg es rubrika 1999 welsac gamoCnda). periodulad gadaicemoda radiodadgmebi, romlebic aTeuli wlebis gan-mavlobaSi iqmneboda sabavSvo gadacemebis mTavar redaqciaSi da sakmaod mdidari fondi Seadgina. 2002 wlis seqtembridan eTerSi gavida cikli `vkiTxulobT biblias~ (amgvari gadace-mis momzadebis pirveli cda jer kidev 1993 wels iyo — cikls erqva `vkiTxulobT Zvel aRTqmas~). mas safuZvlad edo iakob gogebaSvilis `saRvTo istoria~ (`Zveli aRTqmis~ popularu-li gadmocema) da bavSvebisaTvis gankuTvnili `axali aRTqmis~ adaptirebuli varianti. proeqtis avtori iyo julieta lom-

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TaZe, teqsts kiTxulobda msaxiobi grigol witaiSvili, xolo yoveli Tvis bolos wakiTxulis ganmartebebs iZleoda sasu-liero akademiis leqtori, sapatriarqos pressamsaxuris uf-rosi zurab cxovrebaZe. 2004 wlis ivnisis bolos cikli Sewy-da da aRar gagrZelebula.

didi cvlileba ganicada sabavSvo musikalurma mauwyeb-lobam. erTaderTi tradiciuli gadacema, romelic 1992-1993 wlebSi SemorCa, iyo `musikis saaTi bavSvebisaTvis~. yvela sxva rubrika, romelic 2004 wlis ivlisamde gadaicemoda, axali iyo. es cvlileba ganapiroba, erTi mxriv, Tanamedrove musiki-sadmi gaZlierebulma interesma da, meore mxriv, mauwyeblo-bis axali formebis Ziebam. 1992-1996 wlebSi TveSi orjer ga-daicemoda programa `favoritebi~, romlebsac uZRvebodnen sandro staJaZe da giorgi xmalaZe. isini msmenelebs mouTx-robdnen sxvadasxva musikaluri mimarTulebis aRmocenebasa da ganviTarebaze, calkeuli musikaluri jgufebisa da Sem-sruleblebis cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebaze. mTavari yuradRe-ba eqceoda pop-musikisa da rok-musikis warmomadgenlebs. programaSi uxvad iyo CarTuli musikaluri nawarmoebebi.

1995-1996 wlebSi TveSi orjer gadaicemoda 40-wuTiani programa `debiuti~ (avtorebi — Tamar gamrekeli da cicino menTeSaSvili). misi mizani iyo TanatolebisaTvis gaecno nor-Ci musikosebi, romlebic pirvel nabijebs dgamdnen Semoqmede-biT gzaze. msgavsi xasiaTisa iyo yovelkvireuli naxevarsaaTi-ani programa `dueti~. ori norCi wamyvani studiaSi esaubre-boda bavSvebis sayvarel kompozitorebs Tu kulturis sxva moRvaweebs. isini yvebodnen TavianT cxovrebaze, pasuxobdnen SekiTxvebs profesiuli saqmianobis Sesaxeb. studiaSi myofi norCi musikosebi asrulebdnen mowveuli kompozitorebis na-warmoebebs, ewyoboda miniviqtorina da a.S.

musikalur mauwyeblobas ukavSirdeboda sabavSvo radio-Teatri `mosawvevi baraTi~. moswavleTa (ZiriTad, xelovnebis gimnaziis) monawileobiT idgmeboda musikaluri zRaprebi, kompozitorebis inscenirebuli biografiebi. aseve inscenire-bis saxiT bavSvebi ecnobodnen sxvadasxva samusiko sakravebs.

2000 wels sabavSvo musikalur programebs Seemata yovel-Tviuri naxevarsaaTiani programa `dabadebis dRe~. studiaSi

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Tavs iyridnen im TveSi dabadebuli Tanamedrove kompozito-rebi da musikosebi, bavSvebi, romlebmac TvalsaCino warmate-bebs miaRwies (sxvadasxva festivalebis, konkursebisa Tu olimpiadebis gamarjvebulebi, sportul SejibrebaTa prizi-orebi da a.S.). garda amisa, kalendarulad aRiniSneboda kla-sikosi musikosebis saiubileo TariRebic. gadacemas hqonda radiowveulebis forma — misi monawileebi mRerodnen, cekvav-dnen, yvebodnen kuriozebs da sasacilo ambebs, saCuqrad ki iRebdnen musikalur milocvebsa da leqsebs. ewyoboda saxa-liso miniviqtorinac.

sxva gadacemebisagan uTuod gamoirCeoda SemecnebiT-ga-sarTobi xasiaTis saymawvilo-musikaluri viqtorina `mxiaru-li melomanebi~, romelic 2000-2002 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (avtorebi — Tamar gam-rekeli da cicino menTeSaSvili). studiaSi moTamaSe gundSi gaerTianebuli iyvnen sxvadasxva samusiko skolis IV-X klasis moswavleebi. maT evalebodaT ara marto gamoecnoT mosmeni-li nawarmoebi, aramed gamoemJRavnebinaT musikaluri lite-raturis codnac da msmenelisTvis miewodebinaT informacia kompozitorze, nawarmoebis Janrze, misi Seqmnis istoriaze. viqtorina rom calmxrivi ar yofiliyo, TamaSSi CarTuli iy-vnen patara radiomsmenelebic. gadacemis msvlelobisas isini rekavdnen redaqciaSi da pasuxobdnen SekiTxvebs (radgan eTerSi Cawerili gadacema midioda, swori pasuxis avtorebi Semdeg gadacemaSi vlindeboda). studiaSi myof bavSvebTan er-Tad qulebs radiomsmenelebic agrovebdnen da TamaSis piro-bebis Tanaxmad ematebodnen studiaSi moTamaSe gunds. saaxal-wlod gamarjvebulebi cnobili xdebodnen da jildovdebod-nen samaxsovro prizebiTa da sigelebiT.

garda zemoT ganxiluli gadacemebisa, saymawvilo musika-luri mauwyebloba sistematurad aSuqebda mravalricxovan festivalebs, konkursebs, sabavSvo musikis kvireulebs da, rac mTavaria, TviTonac gamodioda festivalebis organiza-torad. swored misi didi mondomebiT 1996 wlidan 2003 wlis CaTvliT rvajer moewyo bavSvTa qarTuli simReris festiva-li `gazafxulis zarebi~ (festivalis direqtori — julieta lomTaZe, samxatvro xelmZRvanelebi — irma xarSilaZe da ru-

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sudan varZiaSvili, musikaluri xelmZRvaneli — gia nacvliS-vili). festivalis mizani iyo qarTuli xalxuri da saestrado simReris popularizacia, axali sabavSvo simRerebis aJRere-ba, niWier bavSvTa aRmoCena, saqarTvelos qalaqebsa da sof-lebs Soris mWidro kulturuli urTierTobis damyareba. sam-wuxarod, rogorc saymawvilo-saganmanaTleblo programebis mTavari redaqciis yvela sxva saintereso wamowyeba, es festi-valebic Sewyda: 2004 wlis ivlisidan redaqcia saerTod gauq-mda da saqarTvelos radios programaSi sabavSvo gadacemebi-dan mxolod `qarTlis cxovreba~ darCa (xandaxan gamoCndebo-da xolme `Zilispirulisa~ da `sarkis~ safondo Canawerebic).

damoukidebeli saqarTvelos saxelmwifo radioSi mkveT-ri cvlilebebi ganicada axalgazrdulma mauwyeblobam. jer erTi, komunisturi aRzrdis funqcia, romelic axalgazrdu-li mauwyeblobis safuZvels warmoadgenda, Seicvala demok-ratiuli azrovnebis danergvisa da axalgazrdobis erovnul-patriotuli aRzrdis amocanebiT; meore, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlam da saqarTveloSi ganviTarebulma socialur-politi-kurma movlenebma (saxelmwifo gadatrialeba, SeiaraRebuli samoqalaqo dapirispireba, teritoriuli mTlianobis dar-Rveva, ekonomikuri stagnacia da a.S.) udidesi gavlena iqonia axalgazrdobis cxovrebaze da Tavisi asaxva pova axalgaz-rdul gadacemebSic. amasTan, 90-iani wlebidan publicisturi programebis gverdiT sul ufro imata saganmanaTleblo da gasarTobma programebma, rac, saerTod, damaxasiaTebelia Ta-namedrove axalgazrduli subkulturisaTvis, xolo meore na-xevridan TiTqmis mTlianad daikava axalgazrduli mauwyeb-lobis eTeri. am procesis logikuri dasasruli iyo is, rom 2000 wlidan redaqciis tradiciuli saxelwodebac gauqmda da mas SemecnebiT-gasarTobi programebis mTavari redaqcia ewo-da. redaqciis SemadgenlobaSi am periodSi sxvadasxva dros muSaobdnen: manana laWyepiani (mTavari redaqtori), marine an-dronikaSvili, mzia gogniaSvili, maia gvritiSvili, lali da-TukiSvili, zezva zviadauri, guliko kakabaZe, nino kvaracxe-lia, Tamar kikviZe, maia krawaSvili, giorgi leoniZe, qeTino maRraZe, ilia mxeiZe, Tamar oqruaSvili, nino JRenti, nato robaqiZe, soso simoniSvili, amiran usenaSvili da sxv.; musika-

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luri redaqtorebi: nino ToraZe, guram paataSvili, daviT CabraZe, gogi ClaiZe, reJisorebi: Temur aleqsiSvili, nino an-dronikaSvili, zurab meqvabiSvili.

rogorc aRvniSneT, axalgazrduli (Semdgom ki — Semecne-biT-gasarTobi) gadacemebis mTavari redaqciis programebSi 1992-2004 wlebSi sami ZiriTadi mimarTuleba gamoikveTa — publicisturi, saganmanaTleblo da gasarTobi (rig gadace-mebSi isini gaerTianebulic aris). 1992 wels wina wlis publi-cisturi programa `me-10 studia~ Seicvala aseve yovelkvire-uli erTsaaTiani programa `arealiT~, romelic ufro mra-valferovani iyo — gadascemda politikis, ekonomikisa da kulturis siaxleebs, dedaqalaqis ambebs (avtorebi nato ro-baqiZe da nino kvaracxelia). masSi aqtiurad ganixileboda axalgazrdobis problemebi, studentTa cxovreba, axalgaz-rduli sazogadoebrivi organizaciebis muSaoba. aRsaniSnavia rubrikebi: `zneoba da politika~, `qarTul-rusuli kultu-ruli urTierTobis istoriidan~ (1994 wlidan) da sxv. 1996 wlidan `areali~ 25-wuTiani gaxda da mas axali avtorebi — ilia mxeiZe da maia krawaSvili amzadebdnen. wina programis msgavsad isic aqtualur sazogadoebriv-politikur sakiTx-ebs exeboda. studiaSi iwvevdnen politikosebs, romlebic sa-ubrobdnen qveyanaSi mimdinare procesebze, saerTaSoriso urTierTobebze, natoSi gawevrianebaze, ucxoel liderTa vi-zitebze da a.S. didi yuradReba eqceoda narkomaniis proble-mas, axalgazrdobis zneobrivi da esTetikuri aRzrdis sa-kiTxebs da sxv. programa 1997 wlis bolomde gadaicemoda.

amave periodSi eTerSi yovelkvireulad iyo 45-wuTiani programa `studenturi~ (avtori da wamyvani — Tamar oqruaSvi-li), romelic exmaureboda saswavlo-saganmanaTleblo sfero-Si mimdinare mniSvnelovan movlenebs, gadascemda reportaJebs umaRlesi saswavleblebidan, interviuebs studentebTan da profesor-maswavleblebTan yvelaze aqtualur Temebze. rub-rikebi: `studentis TvaliT~, `studenturi wlebis gaxseneba~ (studiaSi mowveuli ufrosi Taobis warmomadgenlebisa), `gac-noba~ (Sexvedrebi Semoqmed studentebTan) da sxv. programaSi regularulad Suqdeboda im droisaTvis jer kidev tradiciuli studenturi dReebi, agreTve samecniero konferenciebi da a.S.

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1998 wels `studenturis~ adgili samauwyeblo badeSi dai-kava gadacemam `1+1 anu qali da mamakaci~, romelic 1997 wels or kviraSi erTxel enacvleboda mas (avtori da wamyvani Jur-nalisti nato robaqiZe). igi, rogorc anonsSi moixsenieboda, kentad mosiarule radiomsmenelebisaTvis iyo gankuTvnili — `maTTvis, vinc ipova, vinc eZebs, visac sjera ojaxuri bednie-rebisa~. gadacema ZiriTadad agebuli iyo studiaSi mowveul stumrebTan saubarze da radiomsmenelTa mier pirdapir eTerSi dasmul SekiTxvebsa Tu Txovnebze. masSi CarTuli iyo reportaJebi kafe-baridan, sadac saRamoobiT gadacemis mud-mivi msmenelebi da wamyvani erTmaneTs xvdebodnen, mRerodnen, cekvavdnen, mxiarulobdnen. rubrikebi: `saojaxo fsiqologia~ (studiaSi fsiqologebi), `fsiqologiuri testi~, àse uyvar-daT winaT~, ùxerxuli kiTxvebis seria~, `faruli mikrofoni~, `poetebi siyvarulze~, `pirveli paemani~, `stumrad ojaxSi~ da sxv. 2002 wlidan gadacemas òjaxi~ ewoda da 2004 wlis bolom-de yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda.

aqtualur sazogadoebriv-politikur sakiTxebs exeboda agreTve programa `dialogi Temaze~ (avtori nino kvaracxe-lia), romelic 1997-1999 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemo-da 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. igi farTo aspeqtiT warudgenda msmenels qveyanaSi Seqmnil problemebs. aqtiurad ganixile-boda afxazeTis problema, romelzec saubrobdnen studiaSi mowveuli axalgazrda politologebi da diplomatebi. garda amisa, programaSi saubari iyo qveyanaSi momravlebul seqtan-tur da sxva religiur mimdinareobaTa uaryofiT rolze, yve-laze mwvave Tanamedrove daavadebebze, romelic safrTxes uqmnis nebismieri asakis adamians, gansakuTrebiT ki — axal-gazrda Taobas da sxv.

amiT amoiwureba `wminda~ publicisturi programebi 1992-2004 wlebSi. yvela danarCeni axalgazrduli programa sagan-manaTleblo, gasarTobi an Sereuli saxisa iyo, Tumca Seicav-da publicistur elementebsac.

1992 wels kvlavindeburad mzaddeboda Sereuli saxis, publicistur-mxatvruli programa `SabaT diliT~, romelic yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda eTerSi 45 wuTis xangrZlivo-biT (avtori da wamyvani mzia gogniaSvili). programis mTavari

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Tema iyo kultura. igi Seicavda reportaJebs sagamofeno darbazebidan da Teatrebidan, interviuebs mwerlebTan, mec-nierebTan, msaxiobebTan da a.S. rubrikaSi `SabaTis stumari~ iwvevdnen Semoqmed adamianebs, xolo `Cemi wyal-Walis xmebSi~ kiTxulobdnen qarTveli mwerlebis nawarmoebebs. amasTan, `SabaT diliT~ aqtiurad aSuqebda axalgazrdobis proble-mebs, studentebis cxovrebas. TiTqmis yvela gamoSvebaSi iyo siuJetebi sxvadasxva universitetidan.

mzia gogniaSvilis meore yovelkvireuli 1-saaTiani prog-rama `pirispir~ (`tet-a-tet~), romelic 1991 wels Seiqmna da 1999 wlis bolomde gadaicemoda, publicistur-saganmanaT-leblo xasiaTisa iyo da garTobis elementebsac Seicavda. mogvianebiT misi Tematika gafarTovda. programaSi aisaxebo-da saqarTvelos istoriis mniSvnelovani movlenebi, calkeu-li regionebis warsuli da tradiciebi, qarTuli Teatris gan-vlili gza da sxv. 1996 wlidan masSi politikuri Temebic ga-moCnda. axalgazrda politikosebs maspinZlobda rubrika `faqtebis pirispir anu msoflio Tavdayira~, saxelmwifo struqturebSi momuSave axalgazrdebs — rubrika `axali nac-noboba~, qarTuli estradis warmomadgenlebs — rubrika `Sex-vedrebi retrobarSi~ (paralelurad eTerSi JRerda maT mier Sesrulebuli musikaluri nomrebic) da a.S.

aseve publicistur-saganmanaTleblo xasiaTisa iyo Jur-nalist nino JRentis saavtoro programa `hopla, Cven vcocx-lobT!~, romelic 1990-1999 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaice-moda 1 saaTis xangrZlivobiT. cnobili qarTuli komediis sa-xelwodebis gameoreba, rogorc Cans, imdroindel umZimes pi-robebSi auditoriis optimisturi ganwyobilebisTvis iyo gan-kuTvnili. programa Tematurad ar iyo SezRuduli da sul sxvadasxva sakiTxebs moicavda, romelTa ganxilvaSi qarTuli inteligenciis saukeTeso warmomadgenlebi monawileobdnen, sakmarisia davasaxeloT: akaki baqraZe (`Rirsebis grZnoba~), vaxtang beriZe (`saganZuri~), merab berZeniSvili (`duman Tu ara muzebi~), biZina kvernaZe (`gza~), mixeil TumaniSvili (`saq-meze Seyvarebuli kaci~), mixeil qvliviZe da guram saRaraZe (`me xom mas vicnob~), goderZi Coxeli (`sikvdili~), amiran Sa-likaSvili (`xelebi~), zurab kiknaZe da besik xaranauli (`sa-

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qarTvelos istoria da qarTuli xasiaTi~), suliko JRenti da amiran WiWinaZe (`scenis gmirebi da avtorebi~), rusudan fet-viaSvili (`mxatvari~), anzor erqomaiSvili da kukuri Woxone-liZe (`roca guli mReris~) da sxv. gadacemis xSiri stumrebi iyvnen fsiqologebi, romlebic saubrobdnen adamianis xasia-Tis Taviseburebebze, grZnobebze, miswrafebebze; ganixileboda sxvadasxva profesiis dadebiTi Tu uaryofiTi mxareebi da a.S.

gadacema improvizaciuli xasiaTisa iyo da monawileTa mravalricxovnebis gamo iwereboda saqarTvelos radios yve-laze vrcel, erosi manjgalaZis saxelobis dramatul studia-Si (xmis reJisorebi — lavrenti WeliZe da romeo ter-grigo-riani). faqtobrivad, es iyo ara programa, aramed toqSous ti-pis gadacema, romelsac uZRvebodnen avtori nino JRenti da Jurnalisti gia joxaZe. 2000 wlidan `hopla, Cven vcocx-lobT!~ Tavis avtorTan erTad gadavida saqarTvelos radios audiofondis ganyofilebaSi da Secvlili saxiT warudga ra-diomsmenelebs. igi eyrdnoboda audiofondSi dacul drama-turgiul masalas da saSemsruleblo xelovnebis nimuSebs, ag-reTve literaturaTmcodneobiT Canawerebs sxvadasxva nawar-moebis Sesaxeb.

1992-2001 wlebSi kvlav grZeldeboda agreTve yovelkvi-reuli 1-saaTiani SemecnebiT-gasarTobi programa (rogorc ewodeboda) `kamaras~ gadacema (wamyvanebi — ilia mxeiZe da la-li daTukiSvili). 1993-1995 wlebSi `kamaram~ cvlileba ganica-da da ufro mravalferovani gaxda. Seiqmna axali rubrikebi: `yvelaze... yvelaze... yvelaze...~ (kuriozebi, paradoqsebi, mxi-aruli rekordebi), `informaciis skivri~ (rogor erTobian sazRvargareT), `mogzauroba kacobriobis istoriaSi~, `kama-ras~ musikaluri klubi. 1996-2001 wlebSi `kamara~ 20 wuTamde Semcirda. gaCnda axali rubrikebi: `cxovreba mxiarulia~, `ra-dioganzomileba~, daemata viqtorinebi, saxaliso informaci-ebi rubrikiT `kamara-niusi~, `hit-paradi~ da sxv. programis wamyvanad darCa lali daTukiSvili.

1993 wlis oqtombridan pirvelad gavida eTerSi erTsaa-Tiani sainformacio-musikaluri programa `dedaqalaqi~, ro-melic 1999 wlis bolomde gadaicemoda yovel kvira dRes, di-lis saaTebSi (avtorebi da wamyvanebi — ilia mxeiZe da maia kra-

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waSvili). arsebiTad igi sainformacio-musikaluri programa `Tbilisi da Tbiliselebis~ gagrZelebas warmoadgenda, oRond Tbilisis socialur-ekonomikuri problemebis gver-diT yvelaze farTod mainc kulturis sferos aSuqebda. TiT-qmis yvela gamoSvebaSi mowveuli iyvnen xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargis warmomadgenlebi (magaliTad, mwerali mixeil anTaZe, kompozitori vaJa azaraSvili, msaxiobi medea Caxava da a.S.). programis mudmivi rubrika iyo `gulSematkivarTa klubi~, romelic msmenelebs sportis siaxleebs acnobda. 2000 wlidan `dedaqalaqs~ retroarxi `reproduqtori~ ewoda. Zvel dro-Si, roca ara mxolod batareebze momuSave, aramed eleqtroq-selSi CasarTavi radiomimRebebic didi iSviaToba iyo da mTe-li saqarTvelo sadenebiani mauwyeblobis qseliT iyo dafa-ruli, TiTqmis yovel ojaxs hqonda reproduqtori anu iaffa-siani aparati, romelic radioprogramas satranslacio xaze-biT (mavTuliT) iRebda da awvdida msmenels (radioprogramis `reproduqcias~ eweoda). radiogadacemis aseTi saxelwodeba da `retroarxad~ gamocxadeba aSkarad mianiSnebda, rom `deda-qalaqma~ mimarTuleba Seicvala da sxva tipis programad gar-daiqmna. igi axla warsulis mogonebebze iyo agebuli, adrin-deli wlebis cxovrebas acocxlebda (qalaquri iumori, Jur-nal `saunjis~ istoria, alpinizmi saqarTveloSi, niko kecxo-velis droindeli studentoba, mozard mayurebelTa Teatri, Tbilisis cnobili Tamadebi da a.S.) zogierTi gamoSveba mTli-anad romelime cnobili pirovnebis gaxsenebas eZRvneboda (ma-galiTad, nodar axalkacis, Temur CirgaZis, ipolite xviCias, zurab kakabaZis). studiaSi mowveuli stumrebi igonebdnen Zvel ambebs da pasuxobdnen satelefono zarebs. uxvad iyo ga-moyenebuli saarqivo Canawerebi saqarTvelos radios audio-fondidan. `reproduqtori~ ar eweoda warsulis idealizaci-as — gardasul dReTa gaxsenebiT is aCvenebda im maradiul Ri-rebulebebs, romelTa aTviseba Tanamedrove axalgazrdobis-Tvisac aucilebeli iyo.

`reproduqtoris~ msgavsad, sxva redaqciebis programebis (`mxolod qalebisaTvis~ da `programa qalebisaTvis~) Temas ganagrZobda gadacema `qali interierSi~, romelic 2000-2002 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda naxevari saaTis xan-

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grZlivobiT (uZRveboda Jurnalisti qeTevan TvalWreliZe). igi ZiriTadad erT calkeul pirovnebas eZRvneboda. studia-Si mowveuli qalbatoni, Cveulebrivad, cnobili Semoqmedi an sazogado moRvawe, saubrobda Tavis cxovrebasa da saqmiano-baze, ixsenebda seriozul Tu sasacilo SemTxvevebs profesi-uli cxovrebidan, aRniSnavda Tavisi xasiaTis Taviseburebebs, pasuxobda msmenelTa SekiTxvebs da a.S.

SesamCnevia isic, rom axalgazrduli gadacemebis Tema xSi-rad xdeba ubralo adamianuri problemebi da adamianuri ur-TierTobani, romelTa ganxilvaSi sul ufro xSirad monawile-oben fsiqologebi. erT-erTi aseTi gadacema iyo programa `yovelgvar amindSi~, romelic 2000-2001 wlebSi yovelkvireu-lad gadaicemoda 40 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (avtori da wamyvani mzia gogniaSvili). igi ZiriTadad warmoadgenda sazogado moRvaweebis, mwerlebis, mxatvrebis, msaxiobebis, musikosebisa da, rac mTavaria, fsiqologebis saubars adamianuri urTier-Tobis amindze.

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, axalgazrduli gadacemebis mTavari redaqciis bazaze 2000 wels Seiqmna SemecnebiT-gasar-Tobi programebis mTavari redaqcia. es imasac niSnavda, rom meti yuradReba daeTmoboda radiomauwyeblobis iseT masob-riv gasarTob formebs, rogoricaa iumoristuli programebi, sxvadasxva saxis viqtorinebi da konkursebi. am periodSi mar-Tlac iyo eTerSi aRniSnuli xasiaTis ramdenime gadacema. 2000-2001 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda naxevarsaaTi-ani programa `muxruWebis gareSe~ (avtori da wamyvani Tamar oqruaSvili). rogorc gadacemis qudi iuwyeboda, `muxruWebis gareSe~ iyo maTze, `vinc riskavs, Sinaganad Tavisufalia da cotaTi ucnauri~. Janrobrivi TvalsazrisiT igi ZiriTadad intervius warmoadgenda. studiaSi mowveuli iyo ramdenime respondenti, romlebsac wamyvani cal-calke esaubreboda. programis Sinaarss Seadgenda cnobili Jurnalistebis, msaxi-obebis, momRerlebis monaTxrobi kuriozebi da sasacilo am-bebi (magaliTad, iseTi pirovnebebisa, rogoric arian mwerali rezo WeiSvili, momRerlebi — eTer kakulia da Temur wiklauri, reJisori da klipmeikeri giorgi wulaia, Sinagan saqmeTa saminis-tros Tbilisis specrazmis ufrosi Temur mRebriSvili da sxv.).

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2001 wlis seqtembridan `muxruWebis gareSe~ Sewyda da Ta-mar oqruaSvilma mzia gogniaSvilTan erTad daiwyo axali iu-moristuli programis `Jangbadis baliSis~ momzadeba, rome-lic 2002 wlis bolomde yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 45 wu-Tis xangrZlivobiT. studiaSi xSirad iwvevdnen mxiarulTa da sazrianTa konkursis monawile gundebs, romlebic msmenels warudgendnen TavianT programas. aseve, eTerSi gadaicemoda anekdotebi da iumoristuli xasiaTis informaciebi. mzadde-boda siuJetebi iseT Temebze, rogoricaa: `ulvaSi~, `Rvino~, `kuTxuri iumori~ da sxv. studiaSi mowveuli iyvnen mwerlebi, reJisorebi, msaxiobebi, mecnierebi da a.S. (magaliTad, mwer-lebi — mixeil qvliviZe da gizo niSnianiZe, Jurnalisti zaza qinqlaZe, profesori mixeil qurdiani, reJisori rezo esaZe, msaxiobebi — gogi gelovani da nanuli sarajiSvili, Soumeni giorgi gogiCaiSvili da sxv.).

Tamar oqruaSvilisa da mzia gogniaSvilis avtorobiT mzaddeboda agreTve gasarTobi programa `Ramis labirinTi~ (maTTvis, visac ar eZineba), romelic 2003 welsa da 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda Ramis pirda-pir eTerSi 1 saaTis xangrZlivobiT.

rac Seexeba viqtorinebs, am mxriv gamorCeuli iyo Semec-nebiT-gasarTobi programa `SuadRemde~, romelic 2002 wels, kviradRis garda, yoveldRiurad gadaicemoda 45-50 wuTis mo-culobiT da moicavda viqtorinebs sxvadasxva Temaze (zog-jer ase cxaddeboda kidec — `programa `SuadRemde~ viqtori-niT~). programis xelmZRvaneli da erT-erTi viqtorinis wam-yvani iyo lali daTukiSvili. sxva viqtorinebsac hyavdaT Ta-visi wamyvanebi, romlebic kiTxvebs Soris msmenelebs awvdid-nen sxvadasxva saintereso da saxaliso informacias, asmeni-nebdnen musikalur nawarmoebebs da a.S. orSabaTobiT `SuadR-emde~ mxolod musikalur programas moicavda, samSabaTs eTerSi iyo viqtorina `dilis gamamxnevebeli varjiSi anu Tav-Sesaqcevi~ (wamyvani lali daTukiSvili), oTxSabaTs — `hori-zontidan zenitamde~ (qarTuli enis siwmindeze — gia joxaZe), xuTSabaTs — `ekosamorine~ (barbare benaSvili), paraskevs — `rubikoni~ (lili WaniSvili), SabaTs — `musikaluri viqtori-na~ (gulnara odiSaria).

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2002-2004 wlebSi eTerSi iyo gasarTobi programa `yviTe-li radio~, romelic yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda SabaTs, mogvianebiT ki SabaT-kviras 45-50 wuTis moculobiT (avtore-bi da wamyvanebi — irine moseSvili da qeTevan TvalWreliZe). igi imiT gamoirCeoda yvela sxva axalgazrduli programisa-gan, rom yviTeli Jurnalistikis (gansakuTrebiT ki dedaqa-laqSi momravlebuli komerciuli radiosadgurebis) parodi-as warmoadgenda, parodiuli formiT awvdida auditorias sxvadasxva informacias, esaubreboda aqtualur cxovrebise-ul sakiTxebze. rubrikebi: `mamaCemis yviTeli ubis wignaki-dan~ (`radio-101~-is anu `mamaCemis radios~ gaSarJeba), `yviTe-li afiSa~, `yviTeli kalendari~ (im dRis sasacilo da sensaci-uri ambebi warsulSi), `yviTeli interviu~ (respondentis sa-valdebulo simReriT), `pres-relizi~ (yviTeli presis mimo-xilva — saTaurebi pikanturi werilebisa, romlebzec awyobi-lia am tipis Jurnal-gazeTebi) da a.S.

mxatvruli (arsebiTad, musikaluri) gadacemebi axalgaz-rdul (Tu SemecnebiT-gasarTob) mauwyeblobaSi 1992-2004 wlebSi damoukidebeli saxiT ar mzaddeboda da sxvadasxva programebSi gafantul musikalur nomrebs moicavda. wamyvani adgili eWira mas mxolod toqSouSi `studia `a~, romelic eTerSi gavida 2000 wlis seqtemberSi (nino kvaracxelias pro-eqtma gaimarjva 2000 wlis zafxulSi saqarTvelos radioSi ga-marTul tenderSi). es iyo musikaluri formatis radiosadgu-risaTvis damaxasiaTebeli tipuri gadacema, sadac profesio-nali dijei radiomsmenelebs sTavazobda garkveuli mimarTu-lebis (ZiriTadad modur) musikas da pasuxobda maT satele-fono zarebs. mis gasaZRolad saqarTvelos radioSi moiwvies dijei mamuka berika. Semdeg redaqcia `msubuq Temebze~ dijeis mokle saubriT aRar dakmayofilda da 2001 wels damatebiT moiwvies Jurnalisti gia joxaZe. gadacemas daemata reporta-Jebi, interviu studiaSi mowveul stumrebTan, saintereso ga-saubreba radiomsmenelebTan pirdapir eTerSi. am periodSi igi yovelkvireulad samjer gadioda eTerSi — orjer saRamo-Ti 85 wuTi (sadac musikas Tan axlda radiomsmenelebTan sau-bari) da erTxel naSuadRevs naxevari saaTi, romelic ZiriTa-dad musikalur miqss warmoadgenda, dijeis mokle teqsti ki

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`msubuq~ da saxaliso Temebs exeboda. 2003 wlidan `studia `a~ kviraSi samjer gadaicemoda saRamos saaTebSi (22.30 an 23.00) 85 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. misi yoveli gamoSveba erT konkre-tul Temas eZRvneboda da nawilobriv saganmanaTleblo xasia-Tic hqonda. 2004 wlidan man garkveuli saxecvlileba ganica-da da ewoda `xuTi meoTxedi~, gadaicemoda kviraSi samjer Ti-To saaTis moculobiT, rigrigobiT uZRvebodnen: mamuka beri-ka, irine moseSvili da jimi iaSvili. 2004 wlis meore naxevri-dan, roca saqarTvelos radios bade sainformacio-musikalu-ri radiosadguris principebiT aigo, `xuTi meoTxedi~ yovel-kvireulad gadaicemoda 22 saaTsa da 30 wuTze 85 wuTis xan-grZlivobiT. samagierod, radikalurad Semcirda sxva gadace-mebis ricxvi — zemoT ganxiluli programebidan saqarTvelos radios mxolod `ojaxi~, `yviTeli radio~ da `reproduqto-ri~ SemorCa.

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saqarTvelos radios saxecvlileba, ra Tqma unda, Sem-TxveviTi ar yofila. axal saukuneSi igi aRar SeiZleboda yo-filiyo iseTi, rogoric Tavisi arsebobis `klasikur xanaSi~, an Tundac wina saukunis 90-ian wlebSi. mravalarxiani televi-ziis, saTanamgzavro da sakabelo telemauwyeblobis, interne-tisa da multimediis ganviTarebam Seaviwrova misi funqciebi da ufro mokrZalebuli adgili miuCina informaciis erTian sistemaSi.

2004 wlis dekembridan saqarTvelos saxelmwifo radio--televizias oficialurad mieniWa sazogadoebrivi mauwyeb-lis statusi. amiT damTavrda saqarTvelos radios, rogorc saxelmwifo radiomauwyeblobis, TiTqmis oTxmocwliani is-toriac. es istoria udidesi movlenebiT iyo aRsavse. saqar-Tvelos radiom gamoiara axali, komunisturi ideologiis damkvidrebisa da politikuri represiebis periodebi, msof-lio omi, mravalnairi sazogadoebrivi reformebi, saxelmwi-fo gadatrialebebi, gamoicvala sami xelisufleba. yvelafe-ri es, ra Tqma unda, Tavis gamoxatulebas poulobda eTerSi, aisaxeboda radios yoveldRiur saqmianobaSi. arqivebSi dacu-

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li radiogadacemaTa teqstebi Tu sxva dokumentebi, audio-fondSi Senaxuli Canawerebi udides masalas iZleva rogorc sakuTriv radios, ise mTlianad epoqis istoriazec, warmoa-Cens ara marto qarTuli radioJurnalistikis ganviTarebis etapebs, aramed qveyanaSi mimdinare movlenebsa da proceseb-sac. swored Jurnalistikis amgvari ganuyofeli kavSiri qvey-nis cxovrebasTan gansazRvravs saqarTvelos radios istori-is Seswavlis mniSvnelobasac da gvexmareba im warsulis gaaz-rebaSi, romlis pirdapiri memkvidre Cveni dRevandelobaa.

389

avtorebisagan

es wigni saqarTvelos radios istoriis gadmocemis pirve-li cdaa da albaT ar aris xarvezebisagan dazRveuli. iqneb calkeuli sakiTxebi ufro vrclad unda ganxiluliyo, anda zogierTi momenti saerTod araa gaTvaliswinebuli. magram SeuZlebeli iyo erT naSromSi srulad asaxuliyo yovelive is, rac rva aTeuli wlis manZilze yoveldRiurad gadaicemoda eTerSi adre dilidan gvian Ramemde. aseve, SeuZlebeli iyo wignSi yvela im adamianis dasaxelebac, vinc am drois ganmav-lobaSi saqarTvelos radioSi muSaobda (miT umetes, rom 1961 wels gaCenili xanZris Sedegad radio-televiziis arqivis mniSvnelovani nawili ganadgurda da bevri dokumenti sabo-lood gaqra). wignSi mxolod mauwyeblobis ZiriTadi mimarTu-lebebia asaxuli da is xalxia warmodgenili, vinc sxvadasxva periodSi gansazRvravda qarTuli radioJurnalistikis gan-viTarebas, mis profesiul xarisxs. maT ricxvSi Jurnalisteb-Tan, reJisorebTan, diqtorebTan erTad igulisxmebian radi-os teqnikuri muSakebic — teleradiocentris TanamSromlebi.

SeiZleba kamaTi gamoiwvios iman, rom wignSi empiriuli ma-sala sWarbobs Sefasebasa da analizs. avtorebis azriT, isto-riul naSromSi (gansakuTrebiT mediis Sesaxeb) asec unda iyos, igi uwinaresad faqtografiulad unda iyos Rirebuli — zust informacias iZleodes mimdinare movlenebis, radiociklebi-sa da rubrikebis, maTi avtorebisa da monawileebis Sesaxeb. mkiTxvelma pirvel rigSi is unda gaigos, ra gadacemebi mzad-deboda saqarTvelos radioSi, ra formebi viTardeboda, ra funqciebi iyo win wamoweuli. es aucilebelia Tundac imitom, rom bevri ram, rac dRes TiTqos pirvelad xdeba, didi xnis win ukve iyo da axla sxvanairad gaazrebas moiTxovs. avtorebi cdilobdnen, rac SeiZleba meti faqti, meti gadacema Tu rub-rika, meti avtori moxvedriliyo wignis furclebze, Tumca

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Sefasebasa da analizsac aqvs daTmobili saTanado adgili, dro ki sabolood yvelafers Tavis adgils miuCens.

aseve, saqarTvelos radio kvlav elis momaval mkvlev-rebs, momavali wignebis avtorebs. winamdebare naSromi mxo-lod pirveli nabijia saqarTvelos radios istoriis Seswav-lis TvalsazrisiT. sxvadasxva arqivebsa da fondebSi jer ki-dev bevri masalaa mosaZebni, jer kidev bevri sakiTxia gasar-kvevi da gasaanalizebeli (sxvas rom Tavi davaneboT, guldas-miTaa Sesaswavli TviTon yofili teleradiokomitetis arqi-vi, romelic jer sistematizebulic ki ar aris). avtorebi mad-lierebiT miiReben yvela saqmian SeniSvnasa Tu winadadebas, miT umetes, aqamde ucnob informacias. es gaamdidrebs Cvens codnas da saSualebas mogvcems ufro srulad iqnes warmod-genili saqarTvelos radios istoriis yvela mniSvnelovani momenti.

391

saqarTvelos radio — wlebi da movlenebi

1924 — moewyo pirveli radiotranslacia Tbilisis operi-sa da baletis saxelmwifo Teatridan eleqtromeqanikuri qarxnis muSaTa klubSi.

1925 — moewyo pirveli sacdeli radiosatelefono gada-cema navTluRis radiosadguridan.

1927 — saqarTvelos radiom daiwyo regularuli mauwyebloba. — gazeTebma `komunistma~ da `zaria vostokam~ daiwyes sa-

qarTvelos radios programebis gamoqveyneba. 1928 — a/k fosta-telegrafi komisariatTan Seiqmna amier-

kavkasiis radios centraluri sabWo. — saqarTvelos fosta-telegrafis komisariatSi Seiqmna

radiosammarTvelo, romelsac 1931 wlidan ewoda am komisari-atTan arsebuli radiomauwyeblobis komiteti.

— Seiqmna pirveli radiogazeTi. — Seiqmna pirveli sabavSvo da axalgazrduli gadacemebi. 1932 — a/k centraluri aRmasrulebeli komitetis prezi-

diumTan dafuZnda amierkavkasiis radiomauwyeblobisa da ra-diofikaciis komiteti.

— gauqmda radiogazeTebi da daiwyo `ukanaskneli cnobe-bis~ gamoSveba.

1933 — Seiqmna saqarTvelos ssr saxkomsabWosTan arsebu-li radiofikaciisa da radiogadacemaTa komiteti.

1934 — daiwyo diqtorebis institutis Camoyalibeba. 1935 — gauqmda a/k radiomauwyeblobisa da radiofikaciis

komiteti da Seiqmna a/k federaciis saxkomsabWosTan arsebu-li radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis rwmunebulTa sam-marTvelo, romelmac 1936 wlis meore naxevramde iarseba.

— aRmocenda qarTuli radiopresa (`radiogazeTi~, `radi-oprogramebi~, `radiofronti~).

1936 — pirvelad daiwyo xmis Cawera ̀ Sorinofonis~ gamoyenebiT.

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1945 — gadaica pirveli safexburTo reportaJi `dinamos~ stadionidan.

1946 — daiwyo xmis magnituri Cawera, ramac safuZveli da-udo saqarTvelos radios audiofondis Seqmnas da qarTuli radioTeatris intensiur ganviTarebas.

1949 — radiofikaciisa da radiogadacemaTa komitets ewo-da saq. ssr ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli radioinformaciis komiteti.

1953 — radioinformaciis komiteti gadavida kulturis sa-ministros daqvemdebarebaSi da ewoda saq. ssr kulturis sami-nistrosTan arsebuli radioinformaciis mTavari sammarTvelo.

1956 — daarsda saqarTvelos radios II programa. 1957 — radio-televizia gamovida kulturis saministros

daqvemdebarebidan da Seiqmna saq. ssr ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli radiomauwyeblobisa da televiziis saxelmwifo ko-miteti.

— daarsda komitetis mcireformatiani gazeTi-programa `laparakobs Tbilisi~ (SemdgomSi `laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi~, `eTerSia saqarTvelo~, `2X2~).

1960 — Seiqmna `mxatvrul-musikaluri programa~ ultra-mokle talRebze.

1963 — ganviTareba daiwyo saqarTvelos sagareo radioma-uwyeblobam — calke Camoyalibda ucxoeTze mauwyeblobis re-daqcia.

1970 — saq. ssr ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli radio-te-leviziis komiteti gardaiqmna saq. ssr ministrTa sabWos te-leviziisa da radiomauwyeblobis saxelmwifo komitetad.

1975 — eTerSi gavida damoukidebeli sterefonuri prog-rama ultramokle talRebze.

1978 — radio-televizia gaformda damoukidebel uwyebad — ewoda saq. ssr televiziisa da radiomauwyeblobis saxelmwi-fo komiteti (saxteleradio).

1979 — I arxze daiwyo sainformacio-musikaluri progra-mebis Camoyalibeba.

1990 — saq. ssr televiziisa da radiomauwyeblobis saxel-mwifo komiteti gardaiqmna saqarTvelos respublikis tele-radiodepartamentad.

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1993 — teleradiodepartamenti gardaiqmna saqarTvelos televiziisa da radiomauwyeblobis korporaciad.

1995 — saqarTvelos radios II programis nacvlad Seiqmna `radio-2 — qarTuli radio~.

— saqarTvelos radios I da II arxebze CaerTo `amerikis xmisa~ da `Tavisuflebis~ yoveldRiuri qarTulenovani programebi.

1999 — saqarTvelos televiziisa da radiomauwyeblobis korporacias ewoda sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri (ssip) saqarTvelos televizia da radiomauwyebloba.

2000 — radioSi televiziasTan erTad pirvelad Catarda tenderi, romelic safuZvlad daedo mauwyeblobis axal bades da Sesabamisad saStato struqturas.

2004 — sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri saqarTvelos televizia da radiomauwyebloba gaxda sazogadoebrivi ma-uwyebeli.

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bibliografia

1. e. TadumaZe. narkvevebi radios istoriidan. Tb., 1955. 2. e. iberi. radioJurnalistika. Tb., 2003. 3. e. iberi. qarTuli radiopresis saTaveebTan. `saistorio

moambe~, 69-70, 1997. 4. T. mJavanaZe. radios diqtori — warsuli da dRevande-

loba. `teleradioJurnalistikis sakiTxebi~, VI, 2003. 5. T. mJavanaZe. laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi! `telera-

dio-Jurnalistikis sakiTxebi~, VII, 2005. 6. g. niSnianiZe. brZola eTerSi (saqarTvelos radiomauwy-

ebloba didi samamulo omis wlebSi). `Jurnalistikis sakiTxe-bi~, 7-8, 1981.

7. p. SamaTava. eTerSi da cisfer ekranebze. Tb., 1979. 8. d. xmiadaSvili. radioteqnikis ganviTareba saqarTve-

loSi. Tb., 1961.

9. М. Глейзер. Радио и телевидение в СССР. М., 1989.

10. Гуревич П., Ружников В. Советское радиовещание. Страницы

истории. М., 1976 .

11. История советской радиожурналистики. Документы, тексты,

воспоминания. М., 1991.

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Sinaarsi

Sesavali (e. iberi) ......................................................................... 5

Tavi I. radiomauwyeblobis aRmoceneba da Camoyalibeba saqarTveloSi (1925-1940) (n. talaxaZe) ..................... 11

Tavi II. saqarTvelos radio meore msoflio omisa da omisSemdgom wlebSi (1941-1956) (n. talaxaZe) ......... 66

Tavi III. saqarTvelos radios mmarTvelobiTi funqciebis gafarToeba da mauwyeblobis struqturis ganviTareba (1957-1984) (T. mJavanaZe) ........................ 132

1. saqarTvelos radio saxelmwifo marTvis

struqturaSi .................................................................... 132

2. mauwyeblobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebani .............. 152

Tavi IV. saqarTvelos radio demokratiuli gardaqmnebisa da erovnuli moZraobis aRmavlobis periodSi (1985-1991) (T. mJavanaZe) ............................. 243

Tavi V. damoukidebeli saqarTvelos radiomauwyebloba (1992-2004) (e. iberi) ........................................................ 280

1. saerTo mimoxilva ....................................................... 280

2. informaciul-publicisturi mauwyebloba ....... 308

3. mxatvruli mauwyebloba ........................................... 332

4. saganmanaTleblo mauwyebloba ............................... 357

5. sabavSvo da axalgazrduli mauwyebloba ............. 367

avtorebisagan ............................................................................... 389

saqarTvelos radio — wlebi da movlenebi ........................... 391

bibliografia ................................................................................ 394

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