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English Language
And
Personality
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ii
Publishing-in-support-of,
EDUCREATION PUBLISHING
RZ 94, Sector - 6, Dwarka, New Delhi - 110075 Shubham Vihar, Mangla, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh - 495001
Website: www.educreation.in
________________________________________________________________
© Copyright, 2018, Anil Prakash
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written consent of its writer.
ISBN: 978-1-5457-2974-8
Price: ₹ 416.00
The opinions/ contents expressed in this book are solely of the authors and do not represent the opinions/ standings/ thoughts of Educreation or the Editors.
Printed in India
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English Language
And
Personality
Anil Prakash
EDUCREATION PUBLISHING (Since 2011)
www.educreation.in
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To
My Parent
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vi
FOREWORD
Sri Anil Prakash has taken great pains to write this book on English
Grammar keeping in view the needs of the Indian students for whom
English is a second Language. He has combined grammar with
communicative needs of the learners. Therefore, this book is bound to be
very useful for both teachers and the students. Anil Prakash has kept
away from the cumbersome method of overemphasis on the intricate
rules and exceptions. He has presented the rules of English Grammar
with clarity. Moreover, He has given a variety of exercises for students of
different levels. He has not only covered the needed aspects of English
Grammar in the Indian context but has also given various types of
examples and exercises which will be of great help for school, college
and competitive examinations.
Dr. Shaileshwar Sati Prasad
M.A. (B.U.)
M. A. in ESL (WALES)
Ph. D. (P.U.)
Former Head of the Deptt. of
English
PATNA UNIVERSITY,
PATNA.
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PREFACE
The rapid growth and advancement in technology and computerization in
India has led to economic globalization. In this scenario student aspiring
to get a decent job, must necessarily commit themselves to learning
English language with all its nuances. Being a global language English
with such rich texture and content presents some unique difficulties to
those approaching it as a second language. Though there are plenty of
study materials and books catering to young men and women in their
quest for perfect grasp of English language, somehow perfection remains
elusive. The gap is immensely permeable for serious and intelligent
experimentation to train young minds in English language.
This book is also a well-intentioned experiment keeping the special
needs of the Indian students. As a text book it is intended to be useful for
students wanting to learn how to write and speak good English. This is
not a book of English grammar, but the grammar has been interwoven
with communicative skills. The systematic presentation of structured
sentences will make a student understand how's and why's of spoken and
the written beauty of the language. The myriad approach undertaken to
simplify usage of English will prove very useful for beginners as well
those who have already acquired some degree of knowledge of the
language.
I am grateful to Sri. S.C. Jha Asst.Director, Employment, Govt. of
Jharkhand, Jamshedpur, for his immense encouragement. I am also
deeply indebted to my close friends Sri. Krishna kumar, Sri. Anand
Madhukar Singh and Sri.Binod kumar without whom the manuscript
would not ever have taken the shape of a book.
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viii
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
About five years ago, I published ‘100 Days to Master English’ book to educate English language. That book was soon out of print, but I refused to have it reprinted because the welcome accorded to that effort emboldened me to start preparing a skillfully elaborated and comprehensive book to teach students English language with its diversity and effective communication skills. I’ve also introduced a new chapter, personality development- a unique well informative and practical approach, make it worthwhile for all its readers, whether parent, student or teacher as well as the professional. I deeply feel that the personality development programme must be included within the course of study at the school, college and university as it is the only means of translating the study or learning effectively into the career as well social and professional life.
This second edition is fully revised and enlarged as well as equipped with various efficient and beneficial things and chapters, like, Personality Development, Communication Skill, Interview technique, etc. For the readers of different class and purposes it will certainly be useful.
Now I have changed the name to this book as “English Language
and Personality”. The title, I think justifies the book well and proper.
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INDEX
Chapter Page
PART – I
Making of Sentences 1-44
Sentence, Clause, Phrase, Word, Determiner
Subject, Type of subject, Subject and Verb Agreement,
Some collective nouns
Verb to Be, to Have, Do And Modals,
Tense 45-68
Present Tense
Past Tense
Future Tense
Voice 69-78
Causative 79-81
Verb Characteristic 82-86
The Various Kind of Expression 87-102
Condition and Supposition
Uncertainty and Probability
Power and Ability, Doubts and Probability
Request and Permission
Duty and Proposal
Order and Advice
Request and Proposal
Expression of Feeling or Emotion & Interjections
PART – II
Article and Its Usage 103-107
Use of There and It 108-110
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How with Infinitive & Infinitive 111-112
Question and Enquiries 113-119
Narration and Statement 120-124
Use of ‘for & Infinitive’ 125-126
Preposition 127-132
Possessive Pronoun and Adjectives 133-135
Adjective 136-145
Some words we should know
Formation of Comparative and superlative
Formation of Adjective
The use of Noun or Pronoun 146-148
Relative Pronouns 149-152
Conjunctions and Its usage 153-163
Miscellaneous Words and Expressions
164-168
PART – III
Communication
Process of Communication
The Factors Affecting Oral Communication
How To Deal With The Audience
Preparation For Presentation
Some Practical Guide To Your Communication
169-183
Letter Writing (A written Communication) 184-232
Social Letters
Business Letters
Official Letters
Applications
Notices, Agenda and Minutes
The Verbal Communication 233-278
The Dialogue Writing and Conversation Exercise
Short Conversation Practice
Some Useful Sentences, How to Tell Time,
Date and Day. Common Words or Phrases Often
Use in Speaking. Question and Answer. Miscellaneous
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Statements. Idioms and Phrases common in communication
Proverbs of Every Day Use
personality development 279-301
How to Develop Your Personality
Balance Your Personality
Develop Your Self-Confidence
Inferiority Complex–A Personality Disorder
Strengthen Your Memory
Appendices 302-326
Interview Group Discussion and Public Speaking
Attitude at the Workplace
Don’t Worry be happy
Tips for Impressive Personality
The Words Often Confuse you
Phrasal Verbs
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English Language and Personality
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PART – I
MAKING OF SENTENCES
In ancient time early human though they didn’t have very advance
and flourishing language as today we have, used to communicate
through some symbolical sounds of definite pattern, facial expression
and beck. Sometimes they depicted some events by frescos, was
documentation of their live, experiences, etc. Their ability to repeat
emblematic sounds and great endeavour to make language more
prosperous every coming day for their time may gradually have enriched
the language. Today the powerful and well developed tongue we use is
aftermath of the colossal effort of our ancestors. It has come after many
alteration and exaltation in the vast span of prehistoric and historical
time. In view of today’s researchers, the music and humming of early
man may have opened the Avenue for evolution of language.
Language is the means of speaking or writing. We use sentences
and sometimes a word in communication. If you imagine the language as
a human, its whole body is sentence, words are organs, alphabets are
cells, idea is blood, communication is respiration and creativity is soul.
Hence you may say the sentence is an entity of any language. Creativity,
idea and communication are important as well as vital aspects of a
language. In absence of these it will die.
Sentences are means of communication, expression, description,
and conveying ideas. When the words are arranged in a systematic
fashion, give rise to a meaningful sentence, like-
Sudhanshu swam across the river yesterday.
Thus, a group of words like it, makes complete sense is sentence. It
is also noteworthy here that the word is made up of alphabets. The
alphabets are the basic and primary symbols of any language.
According to sense the sentences are grouped as-
(1) Declarative or Assertive sentences are those which make
assertions or statements may be affirmative or negative, e.g.-
Mira sings a song.
He told me, he was down with fever.
I don’t go there.
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Anil Prakash
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(2) Interrogative sentences are those which ask question, like-
What are you doing?
Who is there?
Is anybody hearing me?
(3) Imperative sentences, that express commands, requests or
entreaties, as-
Alok, come here. Be quiet. Bring water. Don’t move.
Please, carry my basket. Would you go with me?
Have pity on us. Please forgive me. Have mercy upon these children.
(4) Exclamatory Sentences, through which one express his (strong)
feeling, as-
How hot today is! What a dreadful act!
What shamelessness! What a shame!
May you be happy! Bravo! Well done.
May god help you!
It is needful here that you take notice. Every sentence has two parts.
One is subject; we are speaking about and other is a predicate tells
something about the subject. The imperative sentences are exceptional in
which the subject is left out, e.g.-
Here gets the story book.
Hawker sets his cart here.
Go back.
Namaskar your uncle. (Namaskar; a Indian style of salutation)
‘The Story Book’ and 'hawker' are the subjects and ‘here gets’ and
‘sets his cart here’ are predicates of first and second sentences. Third and
fourth sentences are imperative in which ‘you’ the subject is hidden and
not used.
Often, we use compound sentence; two or more independent
sentences (clauses) are joined to form it, or complex sentences; consist of
one independent clause, called main or principal clause and one or more
dependent clause, a subordinate clause, like-
Today is full moon night, and we shall cross the wood tonight.
Night came on, and we were at home and rain was falling incessantly.
The above sentences are compound; here two or more principal
clauses have joined by the co-ordinating conjunction ‘and’.
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English Language and Personality
3
As the gladiators advanced into the arena, they would not allow them to
fight, a Roman story tells.
Above sentence is the example of complex sentence, here-
“A Roman story tells” is a principal clause, and
“As the gladiators --------------- arena," and “they would----------------to
fight”, are subordinate clauses.
Hence, the clause is such a group of words (sentence) which forms
part of a compound or complex sentence, and it is a complete sentence,
contain subject and predicate. It may be used as main or subordinate.
When it is a principal clause, it has a complete sense, otherwise as
subordinate it shows something lacking in it. It holds good only with
main clause, e.g.-
People who help others are generous.
We cannot start while it is raining.
Clause is classified further into Noun clause, Adjective clause and
Adverb clause according to its work in sentences, like-
I hope that she will win the match.(that she…; A noun clause)
He likes the girl most whose eyes are blue.(whose eyes…; An adjective
clause)
When he returned home wife heckled him with shower of questions
(when he…; An adverb clause)
Phrase is also a group of words, so, is it a clause? Although a
phrase is a group of words and as well makes some sense, but like a word
and not like a sentence because of lacking subject and predicate, such as-
in the room, where to go, pointed out, etc. are phrases. Hence, the phrase
is a group of words, which make sense, but not complete and unlike the
clause.
The following examples may clear the above view-
The sun rises IN THE EAST.
Phrase
Rachna has slept IN THE ROOM.
Phrase
Let us see the example below-
She has a ear-ring of platinum.
She has a ear-ring which is made of platinum.
Here, “of platinum” is a phrase and “which is made of platinum” is a
clause.
Word is a sound or group of sounds, a letter or group of letters
expressing an idea, like, beautiful, He, I, King, is, very, in, and, etc.
According to use words are of different kinds collectively known as
parts of speech. These are eight in number.
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