Sample Copy. Not For Distribution. - Book Publisher in India - … · lfgr nl xzgk dk lekos'k ys[kd...
Transcript of Sample Copy. Not For Distribution. - Book Publisher in India - … · lfgr nl xzgk dk lekos'k ys[kd...
ii
Publishing-in-support-of,
EDUCREATION PUBLISHING
RZ 94, Sector - 6, Dwarka, New Delhi - 110075 Shubham Vihar, Mangla, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh - 495001
Website: www.educreation.in _____________________________________________
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All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form by any means, electronic,
mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual, photocopying,
recording or otherwise, without the prior written consent of its writer.
ISBN: 978-81-923735-2-2
Price: ` 480.00
The aim of this book is not to criticize, insult, oppress and dominate any present/modern knowledge or studies or culture or believes. Any such issue arises is entirely a misunderstanding of one, who claiming so and either writer, writer or/and Educreation does not hold any responsibility and is not responsible for any such issues arises. The opinions/ contents expressed in this book are solely of the author and do not represent the opinions/ standings/ thoughts of Educreation. Readers are requested to use their intelligence and knowledge while reading and understanding contents of this book. writer or/and Educreation does not hold any responsibility and is not responsible for any social, political, cultural, economic, commercial, national, international, educational or other problems or/and conflicts raised because of reading this book, using , implementing facts, formulas and other things given in this book, in any way or whatsoever.
Printed in India
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
iii
Hkw-T;ksfr"k fo'o esa çFke ckj T;ksfr"k 'kkL= esa i`Foh xzg
lfgr nl xzgksa dk lekos'k
ys[kd
vkpk;Z&jTtu çlkn iVSy
EDUCREATION PUBLISHING (Since 2011)
www.educreation.in
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
iv
L;ksuk i`Foh Hkoku`{kjk fuos'kfuA
;PNk u 'keZ lçFk%A
gs i`Foh] vki lq[k nsus okyh] ck/kk gjus okyh
vkSj mÙke okl nsus okyh gSa]
ge lHkh dks mÙke okl vkSj lq[k çnku djsaA
P
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
v
ys[kd dk ifjp;
vkpk;Z jTtu çlkn iVSy
ch- ,l- lh- ¼ck;ks½] ,e-,-¼vxzsath- lkfgR;½
T;ksfr"k eeZK mikf/k o xksYM esMsfyLV]
,D;qçs'kj] lqtksd] pkbuht o teZu
,D;q~çs'kj mipkjd o jSdh ekLVj
irk& foosdkuUn uxj ,e-vkbZ-th-&4]
lsaVªy Ldwy ds ihNs] neksg e-ç- ¼Hkkjr½
eks- 09300694736, 08109442751
bZ-esy & [email protected]
osclkbZV & www.bhoojyotish.com
www.bhoodharam.com
thou ifjp;
vkpk;Z jTtu çlkn iVSy dk tUe 15 flrEcj 1973
esa e-ç- neksg ftys ds ,d NksVs ls xzke dukjh esa gqvk
FkkA çkjafHkd f'k{kk xk¡oksa esa gh çkIr dh ,oe~ mPp f'k{kk
ch-,l lh-¼ck;ks½ o ,e-,- ¼vaxzsth½ neksg 'kgj çkIr dj
ftKk'kq] [kksth o lekt lsok dh çofÙk ds dkj.k 1997
esa tcyiqj e-ç ls ,D;qçsLkj o pqEcd mipkj çf'k{k.k
çkIr dj] neksg 'kgj esa ,D;qçsLkj o pqEcd mipkj lsok
çkjEHk dh] blh chp 1 fnlEcj 1998 dydÙkk esa
vk;ksftr varjjk"Vªh; oSdfYid mipkj lEesyu esa
vPNh lsokvksa ds fy, xksYM esMy ls lEekfur gq;sA
ekuo lsok o v/;;u Øe esa Hkkjr ds fofHkUu
'kgjksa esa vk;ksftr ,D;qçsLkj çf'k{k.k çkIr fd;s o
tkikuh mipkj i)fr jsdh esa ekLVjf'ki dh fMxzh çkIr
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
vi
dh ,oa pk;uht ,D;qçslj ds egRoiw.kZ fo"k; Vkbe
,D;qiapj ls çHkkfor gksus ds dkj.k vkSj mipkj ds
lkFk&lkFk ijHkkSfrd Kku esa :fp] fofHkUu ftKklkvksa
ds lek/kku ds fy,] Hkkjrh; çkphu T;ksfr"k fo"k; ij
xgu v/;;u çkjaHk fd;k ,oa de le; esa gh T;ksfr"k
fo"k; dh egRoiw.kZ fcUnqvksa ij v/;;u euu dj ys[k
fy[kuk çkjaHk fd;kA
vf[ky Hkkjrh; T;ksfr"k laLFkk la?k fnYyh dh
ekfld if=dk ¶;wpj lekpkj dh vksj ls pkj ckj
T;ksfr"k eeZK mikf/k ls lEeku çkIr gqvkA fo"k; 1&
tUedq.Myh esa larku ;ksx] larku esa ck/kk vkSj mik;]
2&tUedq.Myh esa dSalj ;ksx] 3& tUedq.Myh esa
ekaxfyd nks"k ifj{k.k] ekaxfyd dq.Myh dk ekaxfyd o
vekaxfyd dq.Myh ls feyku dc o dSls laHko] 4&
tUedq.Myh esa tUedq.Myh esa fookg vkSj çse fookg
;ksx] fookg esa nsjh ds dkj.k vkSj mik;A
blds vfrfjä 1& tUedq.Myh esa cgqlaca/k o
cgqfookg ;ksx] 2& tUedq.Myh esa O;olk; ;k ukSdjh
;ksx vkSj 3& tUedq.Myh vkSj vk/kqfud esfMdy lkbZal
ds vk/kkj ij larku ;ksx tSls egRoiw.kZ fo"k;ksa ij
jk"Vªh; T;ksfr"k egklEesyuksa esa 'kks/ki= okpu ds
QyLo:i lEekfur gks pqds gSa] mä fo"k;ksa ij 'kks/k
ys[k T;ksfr"k fjLkpZ if=dk esa Ni pqds gSaA
flrEcj 2009 vf[ky Hkkjrh; T;ksfr"k laLFkk
la?k fnYyh ls lEc)rk o ekU;rk çkIr dj neksg 'kgj
esa Lo;a dh laLFkk flf)fouk;d T;ksfr"k çf'k{k.k]
ijke'kZ o vuqLka/kku dsaæ çkjEHk dj yxkrkj N% o"kksaZ ls
T;ksfr"k Kku dk çpkj] çlkj vkSj yksxkas dh leL;kvksa
dk funku vkSj lek/kku dk;Z dj jgsa gSA T;ksfr"k 'kkL=
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
vii
tSls egRoiw.kZ fo"k; ij v/;;u ,oa vuqla/kku tkjh gSA
blh Øe esa vHkh rd pkj iqLrdksa dk ys[ku dk;Z iw.kZ
gks pqdk gSA 1&Hkw&T;ksfr"k] 2&Hkw&T;ksfr"k Hkkx ,d]
3&T;ksfr"k foKku ;k vU/kfo'okLk] 4& Hkw&/keZ ,oa
fo'oca/kqRo dk mn;] blh Øe esa] ;g iqLrd Hkw&T;ksfr"k
vkids le{k gSA
P
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
viii
fo"k;&lwph
Ø- fo"k; i`"B
ys[kd dk ifjp; v
i`Foh lwä xi
lR;e] f'koe~] lqanje viiii
lR; lnSo dM+ok gksrk gSA xv
Hkw&T;ksfr’k ¼Hkkx&1½
1- T;ksfr"k D;k gS \ 1
2- Ik¡pkax 3
3- u{k= 4
4- frfFk 9
5- ;ksx 12
6- dj.k 14
7- okj ;k fnu 17
8- tUedq.Myh D;k gS \ 18
9- yXu o Hkko 20
10- ckjg jkf'k;k¡ o lacaf/kr xq.k/keZ 24
11- çkphu T;ksfr"k ds lw= 32
12- uo xzg dkjd 32
13- tUedq.Myh esa eaxy nks"k 34
14- uoxzgksa xzgksa ls lacaf/kr xq.k/keZ 42
15- yXudqM.yh o ckjg Hkko 75
16- tUei=h ds ckjg Hkkoksa ds vuqlkj
lkekU; Qy 79
17- Qykns'k laca/kh fo'ks"k fu;e 131
18- foa'kkSÙkjh n'kkQy 160
19- T;ksfr"k ,oa uoxzg mik; 182
20- jRuksa ds çdkj 183
21- jRu /kkj.k fof/k 191
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
ix
22- uoxzgksa ls lacaf/kr nku 198
23- jaxksa ls djsa uoxzg larqyu 200
24- uoxzg mik; o yky fdrkc 203
Hkw&T;ksfr’k ¼Hkkx&2½
25- tUedq.Myh dk dSls v/;;u djsa 207
26- xzgksa ds ;ksx 212
27- u{k= eaMy]jkf'k eaMy o uoxzg iFk
fp= 227
28- T;ksfr"k esa lcls egRoiw.kZ ç'u 229
29- tUedq.Myh esa i`Foh xzg o ckjg Hkkoksa
dk fu#i.k 230
30- Hkw&T;ksfr"k tUedq.Myh xf.kr 235
31- Hkw&T;ksfr"k ,oa tUedq.Myh ds ckjg
Hkko 251
32- Hkw&T;ksfr"k o okLrq 290
33- iaprRo ,oa okLrq 303
34- v"Vfn'kkvksa ds vuqlkj okLrq lEer
fuekZ.k 318
35- inkFkZ o ÅtkZ 321
36- i`Foh xzg ij gh thou laHko 325
37- mRçsjd o ,atkbe fl)kUr 328
38- ekSle] _rq;sa] tyok;q ,oa T;ksfr"k 333
39- Hkw&T;ksfr"k] yXu o yXu dq.Myh 335
40- Hkw&T;ksfr"k ,oa uoxzg mik; 338
41- yky fdrkc T;ksfr"k 342
42- ek¡ dk çHkko lokZf/kd 347
43- Hkw&T;ksfr"k o eqgqrZ Kku 351
44- leku dk leku ds Åij çHkko 353
45- Hkw&T;ksfr"k vkSj ekulwu 355
46- Hkw&T;ksfr"k vkSj ekuo deZ çHkko 359
47- Hkw&T;ksfr"k o vkfnoklh yksx 362
48- çrhdkRed T;ksfr"k ,oa Hkw&T;ksfr"k 366
49- çkphu osnksa esa T;ksfr"k dk o.kZu 371
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
x
50- txr firk lw;Z nso ls çkFkZuk 374
51- ek¡ i`Foh ls çkFkZuk 375
52- u{k=ksa ls çkFkZuk 376
53- Hkwfe lwäe 378
54- Hkw&T;ksfr"k o iap rRo fl)kUr 402
55- Hkw&T;ksfr"k o deZ fl)kUr 405
56- tUe dq.Myh jgL; o Hkw&T;ksfr"k 409
57- lkr okj o Hkw ;k i`Foh okj 411
58- çkphu vk;qosZn o vkS"kf/k p;u fof/k 414
59- Hkw&T;ksfr"k dh vko'd;rk D;ksa \ 418
60- Hkw&T;ksfr"k ls D;k ykHk 423
61- ekuo thou pØ 424
62- ÅtkZ fl)kUr 426
63- fo'o i`Foh fnol 433
64- i`Foh fnol o gekjk Hkkjr 435
65- bZ'oj 438
66- i`Foh xzg dk lEeku o iwtk vko';d
gS\ 439
67- Hkw&T;ksfr"k ls D;k ykHk gksxk\ 442
68- Hkw&T;ksfr"k ,d leLr fo'o ls vkg~oku 444
69- milagkj 445
70- nLk xzg 'kkafr ea= 448
71- nLk xzg L=ksr 449
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
xi
i`Foh lwä
f'kyk Hkwfej'ek ikalq% lk Hkwfe% la/k`rk /k`rkA
rL;S fgj.;o{kls i`fFkO;k vdja ue%AA
ftl Hkwfe ds Åij /kwy f'kyk [kaM vkSj iRFkj gS] ftlds
Hkhrj Lo.kZ jRukfn vewY; [kfut inkFkZ gS] ml /kjrh
ek¡ dks ge ueu djrs gSA
;L;ka o`{kk okuLiR;k /kq~ozkfLr"BfUr fo'ogkA
i`fFkoha fo'o/kkla /k`rkePNkonkeflAA
ftl Hkwfe esa o`{k ouLifr vkSj yrk vkfn fLFkj jgrs gS]
tks o`{k&yrkfn vkS"kf/k:i esa lcdh lsok lEiUu djrh
gS] ,slh ouLifr/kkfj.kh] /keZ/kfj.kh vkSj loZikyud=ha
/kjrh ek¡ dh ge 'kh'k >qdkdj Lrqfr djrs gSA xzh'eLrs Hkwes ok"kkZf.k 'kj)seUr% f'kf'kjks olUr%A
_rqoLrs fofgrk gk;uhjgksjk=s i`fFkfo uks nqgkrkEk~AA
gs fo'kky ekr`Hkwes] vkiesa tks xehZ] o"kkZ] 'kjn] gseUr]
f'kf'kj vkSj olar ;s Ng _rq;s o"kZHkj esa gksrh gSa] mu
mu _rqvksa ds fnu&jkr lHkh rjg ls gekjs fy,
lq[kçn gksA
Hkwes ekrfuZ /ksfg ek Hkæ;k lqçfr"BreA
lafonkuk fnok dos fJ;ka ek /ksfg HkwR;kEk~AA
gs ekr`Hkwes] vki gesa dY;k.kdkjh çfr"Bk ls ;qä djsaA gs
dos] gs nsoh gesa ,s'o;Z vkSj foHkwfr esa çfrf"Br djrs gq,
LoxZ dh çkfIr djk;sA
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
xii
lR;ac`g–reqxza nh{kk riks czºzk ;K% i`fFoh /kkj;fUrA
lk uks HkwrL; HkO;L; iRU;q:a yksda i`fFkoh u% —.kksrqAA
lR;fu"Bk] foLrr] ;FkkFkZ cks/k] n{krk] {kk=rst]
ri'p;kZ] czgk~Kku vkSj R;kx&cfynku ;s Hkko vFkok
ekr`Hkwfe dk ikyu&iks"k.k vkSj laj{k.k djrs gSA
Hkwrdkyhu vkSj Hkfo"; esa gksus okys lHkh thoksa dk ikyu
djus okyh Hkwfe gesa foLr`r LFkku çnku djsA
;L;ka iwosZiwoZtuk fopfØjs ;L;kansok vlqjkuH;orZ;Uk~A
xoke'okuka o;l'p fo"Bk Hkxa opZ% i`fFkoh uks n/kkrqAA
gekjh ftl i`Foh esa çkphu _f"kvksa us vusd çdkj ds
ijkØeh deZ laiUu fd;s gSa] ftlesa nso leFkZd ohjksa us
vklqjh 'kfä;ksa ls /keZ&;q) fd;k gS] ftlHkwfe esa xk;]
?kksM+s vkSj i'kq&i{kh fo'ks"k :i ls vkJ; xzg.k djrs gSa]
,slh gekjh ekr`Hkwfe gekjs Kku&foKku] 'kks;Z] rsT+k] oh;Z
vkSj ,s'o;Z dh o`f) djus okyh gksA ;Lrs xU/k% iq:"ks"kq L=h"kq iqalq Hkxks :fp%A
;ks v'os"kq ohjs"kq ;ks e`xs'kwr gfLr"kqA
dU;k;ka opksZ ;n~ Hkwes rsukLek¡ vfi lal`t ek uks f}{kr
d'pu AA
gs ekr`Hkwes] ohj iq:"kksa] lk/kkj.k L=h iq:"kksa es vkSj gkFkh]
?kksM+s pkj iSjksa okys i'kqvksa esa tks rsT+kfLork gS rFkk
vfookfgr dU;kvksa esa vkidh tks xa/k o rsT+k gS] ogh
xa/k o rsT+k gekjs vanj Hkh lekfo"V gksA gels dksbZ bZ";kZ
djus okyk u gksA
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
xiii
lR;e~ f'koe~ lqanje~
lw;Z% firkegks O;k'kks of'k"Bksvf=%ijk'kjk%]
d';iks ukjnks xxksZ ejhfpeZuqvafxjk%!
ykse'k% ikSfy'k'pkSo P;ouks Hk`x%]
'kkSfudksv"Vkn'kk'pkSrs T;ksfr'kkL=% çoÙkjdk%!
lw;Z] firkeg] O;kl] of'k"B] v=h] ikjklj] ukjn] xxZ]
ejhfp] euq] vafxjk] ykse'k] iqfy'k] Poou] ;ou] Hk`xq] ,oa
'kkSud ;s vBkjg T;ksfr"k 'kkL= ds çorZd cryk;s x,
gSA _f"k ikjk'kj th us mä vBkjg vkpk;ksaZ ds
vfrfjä iqyLR; uke ds vkpk;Z th dks Hkh çkphu
T;ksfr"k vkpk;ksaZ esa lfEefyr fd;k gSA
eSa vYicqf) ekuo mu lHkh mUuhLk çkphu
_f"kvksa dks ç.kke djrk gw¡A eSa ç.kke djrk gw¡] mu
lHkh vkpk;ksaZ o fo}kuksa dks ftudk uke T;ksfr"k ds
bfrgkl esa of.kZr ugha gSa ,oa eSa ç.kke djrk gw¡] orZeku
ds vkpk;ksaZ o T;ksfrf"k;ksa dks tks bl ifo= dk;Z ds
}kjk ekuo lsok esa lyXu gSaA
tks fopkj çHkq dh —ik o ek¡ i`Foh dh vlhe
n;k ls esjs efr"d esa dqN o"kksaZ iwoZ vk;k Fkk] vkt eSa
ml fo"k; dks leLr fo}kuksa ds le{k Hkstus dk ç;kl
dj jgk gw¡A ;g vHkh bl egRoiw.kZ dk;Z dk çkjafHkd
:i gSA vr% esjh bZ'oj o ek¡ i`Foh ls fouez çkFkZuk gS]
fd esjs Åij —ik n`f"V cuk;sa j[ksa] rkfd esjh ys[kuh
vuojr pyrh jgsaA
gs ijaczã ijekRek] vki ds }kjk jfpr leLr
ç—fr vkSj vkids }kjk lapkfyr czãkaMh; çfØ;k ds
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
xiv
xw<+ jgL; vki gh tkurs gS] eSa rks ek= vkidh çfØ;k
dk d.k ek= Hkkx gw¡A gs ijaczã ijekRek] Hkw&T;ksfr"k
fo"k; ys[ku dk mís'; çkphu vkSj vk/kqfud T;ksfr"k
fl)kUrksa dk [kaMu ;k vkykspuk djuk o Lo;a dh vga
larq"Vh djuk] fdlh Hkh çdkj dk dksbZ mns'; ugha gS]
oju Hkw&T;ksfr"k fo"k; dk mís'; çkphu T;ksfr"k
ijkfoKku dks rdZ laxr] oSKkfud u;k o etcwr vk/kkj
çnku djuk gSA
tSlk dh lHkh tkurs gS fd] vk/kqfud T;ksfr"k
fl)kUrksa esa vU/kfo'okLk] #f<+okn] voSKkfud fl)kUrkas
ds dkj.k T;ksfr"k tSlk egRoiw.kZ o mi;ksxh Kku ,d
rjQ xrZ esa tk jgk gS] rks nwljh vksj T;ksfr"k dh vksV
esa vf/kdka'k T;ksfr"kh turk dks xqejkg djrs gSA
ifjorZu ç—fr dk fl)kUr gSA vr% lHkh Kku o
foKku ds {ks= esa ns'k] dky] le; o ifjfLFkrh ds
vuqlkj ifjorZu vo'; gksrs gS] ysfdu T;ksfr"k fo"k; esa
ifjorZu ;k vuqla/kku rks nwj dh ckr] gekjs çkphu
_f"k;ksa dh /kjksgj dks Hkkjrh; yksx thfor j[kusa esa
vlQy fl) gks jgs gSA
vr% T;ksfr"k Kku ds iru dks jksddj] çkphu
o vk/kqfud T;ksfr"k fl)kUrksa] fu;eksa esa lq{ekfrlw{e
v/;;u dj] vk/kqfud foKku ds fl)kUrksa ds vk/kkj ij
mfpr] iw.kZ o lgh Kku rS;kj djuk gS] tks lR;e~]
f'koEk~] lqUnje~ fl)kUr ij vk/kkfjr gks ,oa ekuo
lekt ds lkFk&lkFk lHkh thoks] ouLifrvksa ds
lkFk&lkFk leLr ç—fr dks mi;ksxh fl) gksA
& vkpk;Z jTtu çlkn iVSy
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
xv
lR; lnSo dM+ok gksrk gSA
ekuo lekt esa tc dksbZ ijEijk jhrh fjokt ;k
fl)kUr yxkrkj iqjkus le; çpfyr gksrk gS] ysfdu
dksbZ cqf)thoh mlesa lR;rk ykus ds fy, ;k okLrfod
lp mtkxj djus ds fy, ç;kl djrk gS rc] ekuo
lekt ds vopsru eu esa iqjkus fopkj lafpr gksus ds
dkj.k] u;s o lgh fopkj dks Lohdkjus esa fgpfdpkrk
gh ugha] cfYd fojks/k djus dk Hkh ç;kl djrk gSA
tSls& çkphu ekU;rk Fkh fd] czãkaM dk dsaæ i`Foh gS
,oa lw;Z lfgr leLr xzg i`Foh dk pDdj yxkrs gSA
ysfdu loZçFke oSKkfud ,fjLVkdZl us yxHkx
240&265 bZlk iwoZ ;g crkus dk ç;kl fd;k fd]
lkSjeaMy dk dsaæ lw;Z gS ,oa i`Foh lfgr leLr xzg
lw;Z dk pDdj yxkrs gSA fdUrq vkdZfeMht us bl
fl)kUr dks Hkze iw.kZ ekuk o lw;Z fLFkj fl)kUr dks
ekU;rk ugha feyus nhA blds vfrfjä felz T;ksfr"kh
fgikdZl 146&127 bZlk iwoZ tks fd] fldanfj;k esa
T;ksfr"k dk dk;Z djrs FksA ,fjLVkdZl us lw;Z fLFkj
fl)kUr dks ekU;rk ugha nh] cfYd fgikdZl ds vuqlkj
i`Foh lkSjeaMy dk gh ugha] cfYd lEiw.kZ czãkaM dk dsaæ
fcUnq gSA bl çdkj iFoh fLFkj fl)kUr yxHkx 1400
bZLoh rd vVy jgkA
blh Øe esa loZçFke dwifuZdl us ¼1472&1544½
vR;f/kd lkgl ds lkFk ,d u;k fl)kUr çfrikfnr
fd;k fd] lkSjeaMy dk eq[; fiaM lw;Z gS ,oa i`Foh
lfgr lHkh xzg lw;Z dk pDdj yxkrs gSA çFke ckj
fudksfydl dwijfudl ds lw;Z fLFkj fl)kUr dks
xsyhfy;ks o dsiyj }kjk leFkZu çkIr gqvkA
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
xvi
ysfdu ekuo lekt dh foMaouk fd] çfl)
oSKkfud xSyhfy;ks dks jkT; ikfjrksf"kd ds LFkku ij
jktnaM çkIr gqvkA blds vfrfjä Hkkjrh; T;ksfr"kh
vk;Z Hkê us crk;k fd] i`Foh Hkh ?kwerh gS] ysfdu
cjkgfefgj us i`Foh esa xfr fl)kUr dk [kaMu fd;kA
HkkLdkpk;Z f}rh; usa Hkh i`Foh esa xfr fl)kUr dks
vLohdkj fd;k] ysfdu [kxksy foKku ds yxkrkj
vuqla/kku ,oa ç;kl ds QyLo:i] var esa fo'o us
Lohdkj fd;k fd] gekjs lkSjeaMy dk eq[; fiaM lw;Z gS]
tks dh fLFkj gS] ckfd vU; xzg lw;Z dk pDdj yxrs
gSA
vHkh rd nks fl)kUr ekus tkrs gSA çFke
fgfyvkslsafVªd fl)kUr Heliocentric Theory vFkkZr
gekjs lkSjeaMy dk eq[; fiaM lw;Z gS ,oa i`Foh lfgr
vU; xzg lw;Z dh ifjØek djrs gSA nwljk fl)kUr
thvkslsafVªd geocentric Theory ftlesa ekuk tkrk fd]
i`Foh xzg lkSjeaMy dk gh ugha] cfYd leLr czãkaM dk
dsaæ gSA
T;ksfr"k 'kkL= esa xf.kr o Qfyr esa thvkslsafVªd
fl)kUr ykxw fd;k tkrk gS] D;ksafd leLr u{k=ksa
jkf'k;ksa o uoxzgksa dk v/;;u i`Foh xzg ls fd;k tkrk
gSA bl çdkj pkgs lw;Z dks fLFkj ekus ;k i`Foh dks
T;ksfr"k ds xf.kr esa varj ugh vkrk gSA pw¡fd i`Foh
okLkh lw;Z o vU; xzgksa dk v/;;u iFoh ds Åij ls gh
djrs gSa] ftlls ,salk çrhr gksrk fd] Lo;a dk xzg
vFkkZr i`Foh xzg fLFkj çrhr gksrk gS ,oa ckdh xzg
xfreku çrhr gksrs gSaA
ysfdu bldk ;s vk'k; ;g ugha gS fd] leLr
u{k=ksa jkf'k;ksa o uoxzgksa dk v/;;u o o.kZu rks
T;ksfr"k esa fd;k tk;s] ysfdu ml xzg dks NksM+ fn;k
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
xvii
tk;s] ftl xzg ls v/;;u fd;k tk jgk gSA tSls]
dHkh&dHkh jsYos LVs'ku ij ge ftl Vªsu esa cSBs jgrs gS]
tc ogh Vsªu pyuk çkjaHk djrh o tSls gekjh –f"V
LVs'ku ij [kM+h nwljh Vsªu ij iM+rh gS] ml le; ,salk
çrhr gksrk gS fd] Lo;a dh VªSu LVs'ku ij #dh gqbZ gS
,oa lkeus okyh VªSu us pyuk çkjaHk dj fn;k gks]
ysfdu loky ;g gS fd] pkgs Lo;a dh Vªsu pyuk çkjaHk
djs ;k lkeus nksuksa ds e/; dh nwjh esa varj vkuk r;
gSA
ysfdu ;g fo"k; egRoiw.kZ gS fd] Vªsu
ftu&ftu jsyos LVs'ku ls xqtjsxh] ml LVs'ku dk
çHkko xqtjus okyh Vªsu o VªSu esa lokj ;kf=;ksa ij
vo'; gksxkA tSls& tyok;q] xehZ ;k BaM] çnw"k.k ;k
LoPNrk dk çHkko gksxk] ysfdu blls vf/kd egRoiw.kZ
rF; ;g gS fd] Vªsu dk Lo;a dk çHkko] Vªsu es ;k=k
dj jgs ;kf=;ksa ij gksxkA
tSls ,d Vªsu 'khr _rq esa mÙkj Hkkjr ls eqEcbZ
dks tk jgh gSA Vªsu tc mÙkj Hkkjr dh LVs'kukas ls
xqtjsxh] rc lkekU; o 'k;u;ku es cSBs ;kf=;ksa ds fy;s
BaM dk vuqHko gksxk] ysfdu okrkuqdwfyr esa cSBs ;kf=;ksa
dks 'khr dk vuqHko ugh gksxkA ;fn fnu esa ogh Vªsu
tc eqEcbZ igq¡psxh] rc lkekU; o 'k;u;ku okys
;kf=;ksa dks xehZ dk vuqHko gksxk ysfdu] okrkuqdwfyr
fMCcs ds ;kf=;ksa dks xehZ ;k B.M dk vuqHko ugh
gksxkA
;Fkk f'k[kk e;wjka.kka] ukxkuka e.k;ks ;FkkA
rn~ osnkax 'kkL=k.kka] T;ksfr"ka ew/kZfu fLFkrEk~AA
ftl çdkj e;wj ds Åij f'k[kk dk LFkku] ukx esa ef.k
dk LFkku egRoiw.kZ gS] mlh çdkj osnksa o 'kkL=ksa esa
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
xviii
T;ksfr"k dk mPp LFkku gS] Bhd mlh çdkj Qfyr
T;ksfr"k esa leLr uoxzgksa] ckjg jkf'k;ksa o lÙkkbZl
u{k=ksa esa i`Foh xzg lcls egRoiw.kZ gSaA tSls fd] ,d
O;fä leLr i`Foh ds uD'ks dk fuekZ.k dj] uD'ks esa
lHkh egklkxjksa] }hiksa] lHkh ns'kksa dk o.kZu djus dk
ç;kl djsa] ysfdu Lo;a ds ns'k dks uD'ks esa o.kZu u
djsa] rc ;g fo'o dk v/;;u v/kwjk vFkkZr viw.kZ gh
ekuk tk;sxkA
blh çdkj Hkw&T;ksfr"k iqLrd esa çkphu T;ksfr"k
esa of.kZr lÙkkbZl u{k=] ckjg jkf"k;ksa] nLk xzgksa vFkkZr
çkphu uoxzg o i`Foh laiw.kZ T;ksfr"k fo"k; ij rdZ
lfgr o.kZu djus dk ç;kl fd;k tk jgk gSA
eSa vk'kk djrk gw¡ fd] lHkh ikBdksa dks
Hkw&T;ksfr"k iqLrd vo'; ilUn vk;sxh ,oa Kkuo/kZu
dk dk;Z djsxh---vki lHkh ds cgwewY; lq>ko] fopkj o
çfrfØ;k;sa lnSo lknj vkeaf=r gSA
vkidk
vkpk;Z& jTtu çlkn iVSy
neksg e-ç
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
vkpk;Z&jTtu çlkn iVSy
1
T;ksfr"k D;k gS\
T;ksfr"ka osnkauke p{kq%
ekuo lekt esa fyf[kr lkfgR; dk LFkku egRoiw.kZ
gksrk gSA gekjs Hkkjr ns'k esa og lkfgR; tks ekuo ds
fy, mfpr ;k vuqfpr dk Kku djokrk gS ^^'kkL=**
dgykrs gSaA fofHkUu 'kkL=ksa esa osanks dk LFkku dk lcls
egRoiw.kZ gSa] ysfdu T;ksfr"k dks osnksa dk p{kq dgk tkrk
gSA
;Fkk f'k[kk e;wjk.kka ukxkuka e.k;ks ;FkkA
r} osnkax 'kkL=k.kka T;ksfr"ka ew/kZfu fLFkreAA
foQykU;U; 'kkL=kf.k fooknLrs"kq dsoyEk~A
çR;{ka T;ksfr"ka 'kkL=a pUækdksZ ;= lkf{k.kkSAA
ftl çdkj e;wj ds flj ij f'k[kk dk LFkku] ukx esa
ef.k dk LFkku egRoiw.kZ gS] Bhd mlh çdkj lHkh osn o
'kkL=ksa esa T;ksfr"k 'kkL= dks cgqr egRoiw.kZ ekuk tkrk
gSA D;ksafd lHkh 'kkL=ksa esa ek= fyf[kr gksus ds dkj.k
rdZ&fordZ gksrk gS tks fd] fookn mRiUu djrk] çR;{k
çek.k ugha feyrk gSA ek= T;ksfr"k 'kkL= gh çR;{k o
Li"V gS] ftldk çR;{k çek.k lw;Z o pUæ tks fd] gesa
fn[kkbZ gh ugha nsrs cfYd] muls fudyus okyh fofHkUu
ÅtkZvksa] rki] çdk'k] 'khr ls lHkh ifjfpr gSaA
P
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
Hkw&T;ksfr"k
2
T;ksfr"ka lw;kZfnxzgk.kka cks/kda 'kkL=a
T;ksfr"k'kkL= og 'kkL= ftldh enn ls lw;Z] pUæ]
eaxy] cq/k] c`gLifr] 'kqØ] 'kfu vkfn xzgksa rkjksa o rkjk
lewgksa vFkkZr u{k=ksa tSls v'ouh] Hkj.kh] —frdk] jksg.kh]
e`xf”kjk] vkækZ] iquoZlq] iq"; v”ys"kk] e?kk] iwokZQkYxquh]
mÙkjkQkYxquh] gLr] fp=k] Lokrh] fo'kk[kk] vuqjk/kk]
T;s"Bk] ewy] iwokZ"kkM+k] mÙkjk"kkM+k] Jo.k] /kfu"Bk
'krfHk"kk] iwokZHkkækin] mÙkjkHkkæin] jsorh] ckjg jkf'k;k¡
tSls& es"k] o`"k] feFkqu] ddZ] flag] dU;k] rqyk] o`f'pd]
/kuq] edj] dqaHk o ehu jkf'k;ksa dh x.kuk o mu lHkh
dk xzgksa] u{k=ksa o jkf'k;ksa dk i`Foh o iFoh okfLk;ksa o
vU; thoksa ij 'kqHkk'kqHk çHkko dk v/;;u fd;k tkrk
gSA
P
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
vkpk;Z&jTtu çlkn iVSy
3
iapk¡x
frfFk okfj'p u{k=ka ;ksx dj.keso pA
,rs"kk ;= foKkua iapk¡x rfUuxn~;rsAA
iapk¡x vFkkZr ik¡p vax] frfFk] okj] fnu] u{k=] ;ksx o
dj.k] vFkkZr ftlesa le; dh x.kuk ds ik¡p vax] frfFk]
okj] u{k=] ;ksx] dj.k vkfn dk nSfud fooj.k mYys[k
fd;s tkrs gaS] ^^iapk¡x** dgykrk gSA
iapk¡x esa ik¡p vaxkas ds vfrfjä vusd çdkj dh
tkudkfj;k¡ tSls& ozr] R;kSgkj] fofHkUu çdkj ds eqgqrZ]
xzg fLFkfr] xzgksa dk jkf'k ifjorZu] xzgksa dk oØh] ekxhZ]
[kxzkl o vU; nSfud thou mi;ksxh laca/kh vU;
fooj.k miyC/k jgrs gSaA Hkkjrh; yxHkx lHkh iapk¡x
fuj;.k i)fr ij vk/kkfjr jgrs gaS] tcfd ik'pkR;
ns'kksa esa lk;u i)fr dks egRo nsrs gSaA
P
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
Hkw&T;ksfr"k
4
u{k=
HkpØ tks fd] 360 va'k dk gksrk gS] og HkpØ 27 Hkkxksa
esa cVk jgrk gS vFkkZr ,d Hkkx 13 va'k 20 dyk dk
gksrk gSA ;g ,d Hkkx ^^u{k=** dgykrk gS ,oa u{k=ksa
dh la[;k lÙkkbZl gksrh gaSA tSls& v'ouh] Hkj.kh] —
frdk] jksg.kh] e`xf'kjk] vkæk] iquoZlq] iq";] e?kk]
iwokZQkYxquh] mÙkjk QkYxquh] gLr] fp=k] Lokrh] fo'kk[kk]
vuqjk/kk] T;s"Bk] ewy] iwokZ"kkM+k] mÙkjk"kkM+k] Jo.k] /kfu"Bk
'krfHk"kk] iwokZHkkækin] mÙkjkHkkæin] jsorhA
çR;sd u{k= iqu% 4 Hkkxks esa cVk jgrk gS] ftUgsa u{k=
ds pj.k dgrs gSaA
Ø
- u{k= nsork xzg jkf'k esa fLFkfr
1 v'ouh v'ouh
dqekj dsrq
00 va'k ls 13-20 va'k
es"k
2 Hkj.kh dky 'kqØ 13-20&26-40 va'k rd
es"k
3 —frdk vfXu lw;Z 26-40 ls 30 rd es"k
& 00-ls 10-23 o"k
4 jksg.kh czãk pUæ 10&23-20 o`"k
5 e`xf'kjk paæek eax
y
23%20 o`’k & 6%40
feFkqu
6 vknkZ #æ jkgq 06-40&20 feFkqu
7 iquoZlq vfnrh xq# 20feFkqu & 03-20 ddZ
8 iq"; c`gLifr 'kfu 03%20&16%20 ddZ
9 v'ys"kk liZ cq/k 16%40 ddZ & 00 flag
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
vkpk;Z&jTtu çlkn iVSy
5
1
0 e?kk firj dsrq 00&13-20 flag
1
1 iwokZQkYxquh Hkx 'kqØ 13-20 ls 26-40
1
2 mÙkjkQkYxquh v;Zek lw;Z
26-40 flag & 10
dU;k
1
3 gLr lw;Z pUæ 10ls 23-20 dU;k
1
4 fp=k fo'odekZ
eax
y
23-20 dU;k & 6-40
rqyk
1
5 Lokfr iou jkgq 6-40&20 rqyk
1
6 fo'kk[kk 'kqØkfXu xq#
20 rqyk & 3-20
o`f'pd
1
7 vuqjk/kk fe= 'kfu 3-20&16-40 o`f'pd
1
8 T;s"Bk baæ cq/k
16-40 o`f'pd ls 00
/kuq
1
9 ewy uS_fr dsrq 00&13-20 /kuq
2
0 iwoZ’kkM+k ty 'kqØ 13-20&26-40 /kuq
2
1 mÙkjk’kkM+k fo'onso lw;Z 26-40 /kuq & 10 edj
2
2 Jo.k fo".kq pUæ 10&23-20 edj
2
3 /kfu"Bk olq
eax
y
23-20edj & 6-40
dqEHk
2
4 “krfHk’kk o:.k jkgw 06%40&20 dqaHk
2
5 iwokZHkknzkin vtSdikn xq: 20 dqaHk & 03%20 ehu
2
6 mŸkjkHkknzin vfgcqZ/k “kfu 03%20&16%40 ehu
2
7 jsorh Ikw’kk cq/k 16%40&30 ehu
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
Hkw&T;ksfr"k
6
u{k=ksa ds çdkj
/kzqo laKd - mÙkjk QkYxquh] mÙkjk"kkM+k] mÙkjk Hkkæin]
jksg.kh ,oa jfookj /kzqo laKd gksrs gSa vFkkZr bu u{k=ksa esa
fLFkjdeZ tSls& x`gkjEHk] cht cksuk] xzgkfnd 'kkafr]
cxhpk yxkuk vkfn dk;Z fd;s tkrs gSaA blds vfrfjä
e`nq u{k= esa fd;s tkus okys dk;Z Hkh dj ldrs gSA
pj laKd - Lokrh] iquoZlq] Jo.k] /kfu"Bk] 'krfHk"kk]
u{k= vkSj lkseokj ;s pj ^^u{k=** dgykrs gSaA buesa
;k=k djuk] Qqyokjh yxkuk vkfn dk;Z 'kqHk ekus tkrs
gaSA blds vfrfjä y?kqlaKd esa fd;s tkus okys dk;Z Hkh
dj ldrs gaSA
mxz laKd - iwokZ"kkM+k] iwokZHkkækin] iwokZQkYxquh] Hkj.kh]
e?kk ,oa eaxyokj mxz ç—fr ds ekus tkrs gSA vr% bu
u{k=ksa esa vfXu dk;Z] 'kL= cukuk] yM+us tkuk ,oa
nk#.k laKd esa fd;s tkus okys dk;Z Hkh dj ldrs gSA
feJ laKd - fo'kk[kk] —frdk vkSj cq/kokj ^^feJlaKd**
gksrs gS vFkkZr vPNs o cqjs dk;Z nksuksa ds fy, lkekU;r%
Bhd ekus tkrs gSA
y?kq laKd - gLr] vf'ouh] iq"; vkSj xq#okj ;s y?kq
laKd ekus tkrs gaSA bu u{k=ksa esa nqdku yxkuk] 'kkL=
v/;;u] vkHkw"k.k cuokuk] f'kYi] dyk lh[kuk vkfn
dk;Z 'kqHk ekus tkrs gSA
e`nq laKd - e`xf'kjk] jsorh] vuqjk/kk] vkSj 'kqØokj ;s
e`nq vkSj eS= laKd gSaA bu u{k=ksa esa xgus cuokuk ;k
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
vkpk;Z&jTtu çlkn iVSy
7
/kkj.k djuk] xhr xkuk ;k lh[kuk] oL= /kkj.k djuk
vkfn dk;Z 'kqHk gksrs gaSA
rh{.k vkSj laKd - ewy] T;s"Bk vkæk o v'ys"kk vkSj
'kfuokj ;s rh{.k vkSj nk#.k laKd gksus ds dkj.k bu
u{k=ksa esa mxz o Hk;adj dk;Z tSls gfFk;kj ls vkØe.k]
;q)] dyg ,oa vU; mxz dk;Z fd;s tkrs gSA
m/oZeq[k laKd - vknkZ iq";] Jo.k] /kfu"Bk] rhuksa mÙkjk
jksg.kh vkSj 'krfHk"kk ^^m/oZeq[k laKd** dgykrs gS vFkkZr
bu u{k=ksa esa edku cuokuk] fdyk cuokuk 'kqHk gksrk
gSA
v/kkseq[k laKd - ewy v'ys"kk fo'kk[kk] —frdk]
iwokZQkYxquh] iwokZ"kk<+k] iwokZHkkækin] Hkj.kh o e?kk]
v/kkseq[k laKd gksus ds dkj.k dqvka] cksjcsy o uhao
[kksnuk 'kqHk ekuk tkrk gSA
fr;ZaMeq[k laKd - vuqjk/kk] gLr] fp=k] Lokfr] iquoZlq]
T;s"Bk] jsorh] exf'kjk vkSj vf'ouh bu u{k=ksa esa
ca/kokuk] ;k=k vkSj pØ] jFk bR;kfn cuokuk 'kqHk gksrk
gSA
iapd laKd -/kfu"Bk] 'krfHk"kk iwokZHkkæin] mÙkjkHkkæin] jsorhA
nX/k laKd - jfookj dks Hkj.kh] lkseokj dks fp=k]
eaxyokj dks mÙkjk"kkM+k] cq/kokj dks /kfu"Bk] c`gLifr
okj dks mÙkjk QkYxquh] 'kqØokj dks T;s"Bk] 'kfuokj dks
jsorh dks nX/k laKd gSA
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
Hkw&T;ksfr"k
8
ekl'kwU; laKd - pS= esa jksg.kh vkSj vf'ouh] oS'kk[k esa
fp=k vkSj Lokfr] T;s"B esa mÙkjk"kkM+k vkSj iq';] vk"kk<+
esa iwokZQkYxquh vkSj /kfu"Bk] Jko.k esa mÙkjk"kkM+k vkSj
Jo.k] Hkkæin esa 'krfHk"kk vkSj jsorh] vf'ou esa
iwokZHkkæin] dkfrZd esa —frdk vkSj e?kk] ekxZ'kh"kZ esa
fp=k vkSj fo'kk[kk] ikS"k esa vknkZ] vf'ouh o gLr] ek?k
esa Jo.k o ewy] QkYxqu esa Hkj.kha o T;s"Bk ekl 'kwU;
u{k= gSA
P
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
vkpk;Z&jTtu çlkn iVSy
9
frfFk
Hkkjr esa pUæ ekl dks egRo fn;k tkrk gSA çR;sd pUæ
ekl esa nks i{k 'kqDy i{k o —".k i{k gksrs gS ,oa i{k esa
15 frfFk;k¡ gksrh gSaA vekoL;k ds fnu lw;Z o pUæ
fcYkdqy 0va'k ij gksrs vFkkZr fcYkdqy djhc gksrs gaSA
vekoL;k ds ckn tSls gh lw;Z ls pUæ 12 va'k vkxs
tkrk gS] rc 'kqDy i{k dh çFkek frfFk gksrh gaSA blh
Øe 12&12 va'k pUæek c<+rk tkrk ,oa lw;Z ls pUæ
180 va'k gksus ij iwf.kZek gksrh gS ,oa iqu% lw;Z ds lkFk
gksus ij vekoL;k gks tkrh gSA
çfrink ds nsork vfXu] f}rh;k ds czãk] r`rh;k
ds xkSjh] prqFkhZ ds x.ks'k] iapeh ds 'ks"kukx] "k"Bh ds
dkfrZds;] lIreh ds lw;Z] v"Veh ds f'ko] uoeh ds nqxkZ]
n'keh ds dky] ,dkn'kh ds fo'onso] }kn'kh ds fo".kq]
=;ksn'kh ds dke] prqnZ'kh ds f'ko] iwf.kZek ds pUæek]
vekoL;k ds firj nsork gksrs gSA
frfFk 24 ?kaVs esa dHkh Hkh cny ldrh gS oSls
iapk¡xksa esa çR;sd frfFk dk lekfIr dky fn;k jgrk gS]
ftldk vFkZ gksrk gS] iwoZ frfFk dh lekfIr ,oa vkxs dh
frfFk dh 'kq#vkrA
mn;k frfFk - T;ksfr"k ds eqgqrZ Hkkx esa frfFk dk vf/kd
egRo gS] ysfdu frFkh 24 ?kaVs esa dHkh Hkh cny ldrh
gSA blfy;s çkphu T;ksfr"kh;ksa ds fu.kZ; ds vuqlkj
lw;ksZn; dky ds le; dh frfFk iwjs fnu ekuh tkrh gSA
lw;ksZn; ds le; dh frfFk vFkkZr ^^mn;k frfFk**
dgykrh gSA
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
Hkw&T;ksfr"k
10
{k; frFkh - og frfFk tks lw;ksZn; ds ckn çkjaHk gksrh
gS ,oa vxys lw;ksZn; ds iwoZ lekIr gks tkrh gS] ^^{k;
frfFk** dgykrh gSA p¡wfd ;g frfFk lw;ksZn; ds le;
ugha gksrhA vr% bl frfFk dks ugha ekuk tkrk gSA
o`f) frfFk - og frfFk tks lw;ksZn; ds iwoZ çkjaHk gksrh gS
,oa vxys lw;ksZn; ds ckn rd jgrh gS] pw¡fd ;g frfFk
nks lw;ksZn; dky esa jgrhA vr% bldks nks fnu ekuk
tkrk blfy;s ;g frfFk ^^o`f) frfFk** dgykrh gSA
1] 6] 11 uUnk frfFk;k¡] 2] 7] 12 Hkæk frfFk;k¡] t;k] 4]
9] 14 fjäk] 5] 10] 15 iw.kkZ frfFk dgykrh gSA
fl)k frfFk;k¡ - eaxyokj dks 3] 8] 13 cq/kokj dks 2] 7]
12] c`gLifr okj dks 5] 10] 15] 'kqØokj dks 1] 6] 11]
,oa 'kfuokj dks 4] 9] 14 frfFk;k¡ ^^fl)k frfFk;k¡**
dgykrh gS vFkkZr lkFk esa frfFk o okj gks] ml fnu
fd;k dk;Z fl) ;k iw.kZ gksrk gSA
ekl 'kwU; frfFk;k¡ - pS= ekl esa nksuksa i{kksa dh v"Veh
vkSj uoeha] oS'kk[k esa nksuks a i{kksa dh }kn”kh] T;s"B ekl
esa —".ki{k dh prqn'khZ o 'kqDyi{k dh =;ksn'kh] vk"kk<+
esa —".k i{k dh "k"Bh vkSj 'kqDy i{k dh lIreh] Jko.k
ekl esa nksuksa i{kksa dh f}rh;k o rrh;k] Hkkæ ekl esa
nksuksa i{kksa dh çfrink o f}rh;k] vf'ou esa nksuksa i{kkas
dh n'keha o ,dkn'kh] dkfrZd esa —".k i{k dh iapeha o
'kqDy i{k dh prqnZ'kh] ekxZ'kh"kZ ;k vxgu esa nksuksa i{kkas
dh lIreha o v"Veha] ikS"k esa nksuksa i{kksa dh prqFkhZ o
iapeha] ek?k esa —".k i{k dh iapeha o 'kqDy i{k dh "k"Bh
,oa QkYxqu ekl esa —".k i{k dh prqFkhZ vkSj 'kqDy i{k
dh rrh;k ^^ekl 'kwU; frfFk;k¡** dgykrh gSa vFkkZr ekl
'kwU; frfFk;ksa esa fd;s dk;Z lQy ugha gksrs gSaA
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11
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Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.