S. N. S. COLLEGE, JEHANABAD · 2020-05-12 · SHASHIDHAR GUPTA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR& HEAD DEPTT OF...

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Department of Psychology, S. N. Sinha College, Jehanabad, Bihar S. N. S. COLLEGE, JEHANABAD (A Constituent unit of Magadh University, Bodh Gaya) DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY CORRELATION: AN INTRODUCTION AND TYPES (सह-संबंध : एक परिचय औि काि) FOR B.A. PART III BY SHASHIDHAR GUPTA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR& HEAD DEPTT OF PSYCHOLOGY S. N. SINHA COLLEGE JEHANABAD

Transcript of S. N. S. COLLEGE, JEHANABAD · 2020-05-12 · SHASHIDHAR GUPTA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR& HEAD DEPTT OF...

Page 1: S. N. S. COLLEGE, JEHANABAD · 2020-05-12 · SHASHIDHAR GUPTA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR& HEAD DEPTT OF PSYCHOLOGY S. N. SINHA COLLEGE JEHANABAD . Department of Psychology, S. N. Sinha

Department of Psychology, S. N. Sinha College, Jehanabad, Bihar

S. N. S. COLLEGE, JEHANABAD (A Constituent unit of Magadh University, Bodh Gaya)

DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY

CORRELATION: AN

INTRODUCTION AND TYPES

(सह-संबंध : एक परिचय औि प्रकाि)

FOR

B.A. PART – III

BY

SHASHIDHAR GUPTA

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR& HEAD

DEPTT OF PSYCHOLOGY

S. N. SINHA COLLEGE

JEHANABAD

Page 2: S. N. S. COLLEGE, JEHANABAD · 2020-05-12 · SHASHIDHAR GUPTA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR& HEAD DEPTT OF PSYCHOLOGY S. N. SINHA COLLEGE JEHANABAD . Department of Psychology, S. N. Sinha

Department of Psychology, S. N. Sinha College, Jehanabad, Bihar

CORRELATION

(Correlation means association)

Correlation to denote association between two quantitative variables.

(सह-संबंध : दो मात्रात्मक चर के बीच संबंध)

Correlation is a bivariate analysis that measures the strength of

association between two variables and the direction of the

relationship.

(सह-संबंध एक द्विभाद्वित द्विशे्लषण है िो दो चर और संबंध की द्वदशा के बीच

संबंध की शक्ति को मापता है।)

RANGE- The value of the correlation coefficient varies between +1

and -1.

(सह-संबंध गुणांक का मान +1 औि -1 के बीच होता है।)

A value of ± 1 indicates a perfect degree of association

between the two variables.

Page 3: S. N. S. COLLEGE, JEHANABAD · 2020-05-12 · SHASHIDHAR GUPTA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR& HEAD DEPTT OF PSYCHOLOGY S. N. SINHA COLLEGE JEHANABAD . Department of Psychology, S. N. Sinha

Department of Psychology, S. N. Sinha College, Jehanabad, Bihar

Correlation coefficient-(सहसंबंध गुण ंक)-

The degree of association is measured by a correlation coefficient,

denoted by r. (सम्बन्ध की मात्रा को एक सहसंबंध गुणांक द्वािा मापा जाता है,

जजसे ‘r’ द्वािा जचजित जकया जाता है)

It is sometimes called Pearson's correlation coefficient (इसे कभी-कभी

जपयससन के सहसंबंध गुणांक कहा जाता है )

If a curved line is needed to express the relationship, other and more

complicated measures of the correlation must be used.( • यजि सम्बन्ध को

व्यक्त किने के जिए एक घुमाविाि िेखा की आवश्यकता होती है, तो सहसंबंध के

अन्य औि अजधक जजिि उपायो ंका उपयोग जकया जाना चाजहए।)

It is a measure of strength of a linear relationship; the closer it is to 1.( यह

एक िैखखक संबंध की ताकत का माप है; यह 1 के किीब है।)

The correlation coefficient is measured on a scale that varies from + 1

through 0 to - 1. ( सहसंबंध गुणांक को एक पैमाने पि मापा जाता है जो 0 से 1

से 1 तक जभन्न होता है।)

Complete correlation between two variables is expressed by either + 1 or

-1. (िो चि के बीच पूणस सहसंबंध या तो + 1 या -1 द्वािा व्यक्त जकया जाता है।)

Page 4: S. N. S. COLLEGE, JEHANABAD · 2020-05-12 · SHASHIDHAR GUPTA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR& HEAD DEPTT OF PSYCHOLOGY S. N. SINHA COLLEGE JEHANABAD . Department of Psychology, S. N. Sinha

Department of Psychology, S. N. Sinha College, Jehanabad, Bihar

The closer two variables can be predicted from one another by a linear

equation.( किीब िो चि एक िेखीय समीकिण द्वािा एक िूसिे से भजवष्यवाणी

की जा सकती है।)

It is a measure of direction: a positive correlation indicates X, Y increase

together; a negative correlation indicates one decreases as the other

increases (यह जिशा को मापने का एक उपाय है: एक सकािात्मक सहसंबंध

इंजगत किता है जक X, Y एक साथ बढ़ता है या एक साथ कम हो जाता है; एक

नकािात्मक सहसंबंध इंजगत किता है जक एक कम हो जाता है औि िूसिा बढ़ता

है)

Note that Galton does not claim that co-relation implies cause-effect.(

ध्यान िें जक गैल्टन िावा नही ंकिता है जक सह-संबंध का कािण-प्रभाव है।)

Page 5: S. N. S. COLLEGE, JEHANABAD · 2020-05-12 · SHASHIDHAR GUPTA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR& HEAD DEPTT OF PSYCHOLOGY S. N. SINHA COLLEGE JEHANABAD . Department of Psychology, S. N. Sinha

Department of Psychology, S. N. Sinha College, Jehanabad, Bihar

HISTORY OF CORRELATION– (CLICK FOR MORE DETAIL)

(सह-संबंध का इद्वतहास)

Sir Francis Galton, the man responsible for the correlation coefficient

and he was a cousin of Charles Darwin.( सि फ्ांजसस गैल्टन, सहसंबंध

गुणांक के जिए जजमे्मिाि व्यखक्त औि वह चार्ल्स डाजवसन का चचेिा भाई था।)

Sir Francis Galton introduced correlation and regression, but Karl

Pearson provided the mathematical framework we are familiar with

today.( सि फ्ांजसस गैल्टन ने सहसंबंध औि प्रजतगमन की शुरुआत की, िेजकन

कािस जपयससन ने गजणतीय रूपिेखा प्रिान की, जजससे हम आज परिजचत हैं)

Karl Pearson introduced the negative correlation coefficient.(कािस

जपयससन ने नकािात्मक सहसंबंध गुणांक पेश जकया।)

Pearson derives the "best value" of the correlation coefficient through a

method, called the PRODUCT MOMENT CORRELATION

COEFFICIENT.

(जपयससन एक जवजध के माध्यम से सहसंबंध गुणांक के "सवोत्तम मूल्य" को प्राप्त

किता है, जजसे जपयससन के सहसंबंध गुणांक कहा जाता है।

After that many mathematician worked on the problem of the distribution

of the correlation coefficient r, as an estimator for the true population

correlation.(उसके बाि कई गजणतज्ो ंने सहसंबंध गुणांक r के जवतिण की

समस्या पि काम जकया, सही जनसंख्या सहसंबंध के जिए एक अनुमानक के रूप

में।)

Fisher, with the transformation r = tanh (z) and presented in papers

published in 1915 and 1921(जिशि, ि्ांसिॉमेशन r = tanh (z) के साथ औि

1915 औि 1921 में प्रकाजशत पत्रो ंमें प्रसु्तत जकया गया)

Page 6: S. N. S. COLLEGE, JEHANABAD · 2020-05-12 · SHASHIDHAR GUPTA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR& HEAD DEPTT OF PSYCHOLOGY S. N. SINHA COLLEGE JEHANABAD . Department of Psychology, S. N. Sinha

Department of Psychology, S. N. Sinha College, Jehanabad, Bihar

TYPES OF CORREALATION-

(सह-संबंध के प्रकार)

1. POSITIVE CORRELATION (धनात्मक सह-सबंध )

2. NEGATIVE CORRELATION (नकािात्मक सह-सबंध)

3. ZERO CORRELATION (शून्य सह-सबंध )

1. POSITIVE CORRELATION (धन त्मक सह-सबंध ) –

Relationship between two variables in which both variables either

increase or decrease.

(दो चरो ंके बीच क संबंध जिसमें दोनो ंचर य तो बढ़ ि ते हैं य कम हो ि ते हैं)

EX.- REALTIONSHIP BETWEEN INCOME AND YEAR OF EXPERIENCE-

2. NEGATIVE CORRELATION (नक र त्मक सह-सबंध)

The relationship between two variables in which an increase in one

variable is associated with a decrease in the other.

(िो चिो ंके बीच का संबंध जजसमें एक चि में वृखि िूसिे में कमी के साथ जुडा

हुआ है।)

Page 7: S. N. S. COLLEGE, JEHANABAD · 2020-05-12 · SHASHIDHAR GUPTA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR& HEAD DEPTT OF PSYCHOLOGY S. N. SINHA COLLEGE JEHANABAD . Department of Psychology, S. N. Sinha

Department of Psychology, S. N. Sinha College, Jehanabad, Bihar

EX. - REALTIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE AND INTERNET USAGE-

3. ZERO CORRELATION (शून्य सह-सबंध)

There is no relationship between two variables.

(िो चि के बीच कोई संबंध नही ंहै)

EX. - REALTIONSHIP BETWEEN DIAMETER AND HEIGHT USAGE-

Page 8: S. N. S. COLLEGE, JEHANABAD · 2020-05-12 · SHASHIDHAR GUPTA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR& HEAD DEPTT OF PSYCHOLOGY S. N. SINHA COLLEGE JEHANABAD . Department of Psychology, S. N. Sinha

Department of Psychology, S. N. Sinha College, Jehanabad, Bihar

4. Linear Correlation( रैखिक सह-संबंध)

Linear correlation is the ratio of change between the two variables

either in the same direction or opposite direction and the graphical

representation of the one variable with respect to other variable is

straight line.

(िैखखक सह-संबंध िो चि के बीच एक ही जिशा या जवपिीत जिशा में परिवतसन का

अनुपात है औि अन्य चि के संबंध में एक चि का जचत्रमय प्रजतजनजधत्व सीधी िेखा है।)

Page 9: S. N. S. COLLEGE, JEHANABAD · 2020-05-12 · SHASHIDHAR GUPTA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR& HEAD DEPTT OF PSYCHOLOGY S. N. SINHA COLLEGE JEHANABAD . Department of Psychology, S. N. Sinha

Department of Psychology, S. N. Sinha College, Jehanabad, Bihar

5. Curvilinear Correlation: (वक्रीय सह-संबंध )

Consider another situation. First, with increase of one variable, the

second variable increases proportionately up to some point; after that

with an increase in the first variable the second variable starts

decreasing.

(एक औि खथथजत पि जवचाि किें। पहिा, एक चि की वृखि के साथ, िूसिा चि जकसी

जबंिु पि आनुपाजतक रूप से बढ़ता है; उसके बाि पहिे चि में वृखि के साथ िूसिा चि

घिने िगता है।)

The graphical representation of the two variables will be a curved

line. Such a relationship between the two variables is termed as the

curvilinear correlation.

(िो चि का जचत्रमय प्रजतजनजधत्व एक घुमाविाि िेखा होगी। िो चि के बीच

इस तिह के संबंध को वक्रीय संबंध कहा जाता है।)

Page 10: S. N. S. COLLEGE, JEHANABAD · 2020-05-12 · SHASHIDHAR GUPTA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR& HEAD DEPTT OF PSYCHOLOGY S. N. SINHA COLLEGE JEHANABAD . Department of Psychology, S. N. Sinha

Department of Psychology, S. N. Sinha College, Jehanabad, Bihar

Reference

Graphs from some websites and google image .

http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/statistics-2/correlation-meaning-types-and-its-computation-

statistics/92001

https://www.bmj.com/about-bmj/resources-readers/publications/statistics-square-one/11-

correlation-and-regression

https://geographyfieldwork.com/SpearmansRank.htm