RPT ON THE PORCUPINE PROP

lS2A05SE0022 OU92-O55 GILUES 010

REPORT ON THE

PORCUPINE PROPERTY

O'CONNOR AND GILLIES TOWNSHIPS

THUNDER BAY MINING DIVISION

ONTARIO

Prepared by:

Jan. 18. 1993

J. W. Redden, B. Se. Consulting Geologist

P. O. Box 117 Wabigoon, Ont. POV 2WO tel. (807) 938-6915

Table of SZAOSSEOQKOMM-OSS GILUES 010C

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l

Location and Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l

Physiography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l

Property Holdings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Previous Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

General Geology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Structural Geology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Economic Geology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Exploration Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Prospecting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Geological Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Geochemical Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8VLF Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Magnetic Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Stripping and Trenching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Diamond Dri 1 1 ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Metallurgical Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Discussion of Earlier Work on the Property .... 10

1992 Exploration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Geological Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Descriptions of Rock Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Stripping

Lot T95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Lot T96 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Lot T140 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Lot T145 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Sampl ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Si Iver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Decorative Stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Shale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Diabase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Rehabilitation Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Proposed Exploration Budget Summary . . . . . . . . . . . 37

List of Figures

Fig. l Location Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ .... 2

Fig. 2 Sketch Map of Geology . . . . . .. . . ...... . . 41

Fig. 3 Location Sketches, 1992 Stripping ..... 42

Fig. 4 Location Sketches, 1992 Stripping ..... 43

Fig. 5 Silver Creek Mine Area . . . . . .......... . 44

Fig. 6 Porcupine Mine Area . . . . . . ... .......... 45

Fig. 7 Keystone Mine Area ... .. . . ......... ... 46

Fig. 8 Veins K2 SL KA. Lot T145 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Fig. 9 Porcupine Mine, Longitudinal Section .. 48

List of Tables

Table l Table of Formations . . . . ........ .... . 13

Appendices

App. I Glossary of Vein Nomenclature ......... 38

App. II Sample Descriptionsand Analytical Results ... . .. 39

Introduction

The Rabbit Mountain Area has been the scene of exploration since the first silver showing was discovered in 1882. During the 1880's many properties were explored and several were brought into production. With the drop in silver prices in 1891. all the mines closed. Since that time minor production and sporadic exploration has been carried out from time to time.

With the advances and changes in technology and markets in the past 100 years, it was considered timely to reevaluate the potential of the area. The Porcupine property was selected for this re-evaluation and was acquired by the author in late 1991.

The exploration programme, though limited in size, was successful in locating silver mineralization at surface by stripping and trenching. Stripping also exposed wider systems of parallel veins containing low silver values which have open pit mining potential. Blocks of vein material demonstrate a variety of textures and colours which are suitable as a decorative stone.

Location and Access

The Porcupine Property is located 32 km west southwest of Thunder Bay, Ontario straddling the boundary between O'connor and Gillies Townships (see Fig. 1).

The property is accessed by driving west from Thunder Bay on Highway 11/17, turning south onto Highway 588 and proceeding along Highway 588 for about 8 km. The highway crosses the property. Several tote roads lead south from the highway to the showings. These tote roads are suitable for ATV and snowmachine access, and locally for trucks.

Phys a ography

Most of the showings are located on the flanks of moderate to steep hills which rise 30 to 60 m above the surrounding plain. These hills are the result of differential erosion of flat-lying rocks. Talus is common at the base of the steeper slopes.

Soil cover is generally thin on the tops of the hills with a tree covering of jackpine. Where soil (till and poorly sorted till) is thicker on the tops or flanks of the hills a mix of poplar, birch, balsam, a few spruce and the occasional jackpine grow. Lowlands on the property are underlain by clay which supports a mixed growth of trees. All areas contain additional vegetation, consisting of alders, maple and hazelnut with a variety of grasses. Overburden thicknesses up to 30 m have been reported from the southwestern part of the property.

J. W. Redden - Geologist nacre l

XMINNESOTA (U.S.A.)

LAKE SUPERIOR

Fig. l

Location Map Porcupine Property

Thunder Bay Mining Division Ontario

scale 1:1,600,000

Swamp is uncommon on the property. The occasional local depression up to l or 2 ha. in size is present on the property. These often support stands of black ash.

Drainage from the property is to the north. Silver Creek, on the east side of the property flows north into the Whitefish River. The western part of the property is drained via several intermittent streams which eventually also drain into the Whitefish River.

The areas to the north and east of the property are productive agricultural areas. The soils on the property are similar, resulting in easy and rapid growth of vegetation.

Property Holdings

The property consists of patented mining locations T 140, T 145 and a part of mining location Y l in O'connor Twp., patented mining locations T 95 (TB 32283-86) and T 96 in Gillies Twp. and mining lease t!02578 being claims TB 99184 and TB 99185 for mining rights only under lot T 201, Gillies Twp.(see Fig. 2).

The property is owned by J. W. Redden. A mortgage is registered on the property. No other liens or charges are due on the property. The surface rights on T 201 are owned by a third party.

The lease (4102578) is presently in the process of being renewed.

Previous Work

The region has a long history of exploration, starting in the 1840's.

Prior to 1900. extensive work had been done on the property including prospecting, stripping, sinking of shafts, driving of adits, drifting and stoping. Production was reported from several of the veins on the property during this period. Much of this work is very poorly documented.

The most recent work of note on the Porcupine property was in the late 1960's and early 1970's. This work included mapping, stripping, drilling, dewatering old workings, drifting, extensive sampling and test milling of a bulk sample. Documentation of this work is incomplete but much of the sampling data is available.

A brief summary of previous work follows.

J. W. Redden - Geologist nacre 3

The Silver Creek Mine is located on lot T 95. An adit was driven 70' along the vein with a 70* winze sunk midway along the adit are the only workings reported. Old reports state silver was found near the bottom of the shaft. A section of vein above the entrance of the adit was removed prior to 1927, presumably as silver ore.

The Porcupine Mine is located on lot T96. The Porcupine contains a shaft, three adits and extensive workings (1700 1 ) on 3 levels. Production from the Porcupine mine has been estimated at 560,000 (120,000 ounces of silver).

The Porcupine Junior mine is also on lot T96. Old workings consist of two adits, a lower adit 556' long and an upper adit 695' long. The upper adit contains a small stope and a raise to surface. A reported S20.000 worth of silver was produced. This mine has often, but incorrectly, been placed on lot T201.

Lot T140 contains the West Beaver Mine which consists of an 80' shaft and an adit 250* long intersecting the bottom of the shaft. Minor stoping was done in the adit near the shaft where silver values were reported. An undated, unsigned sketch indicates a second level 105* long, 50' below the adit level, also with a small stoped area.

The Little Pig Vein is also on lot T 140. Workings consist of three short adits with minor drifting. No stoping was done.

Lot T145 contains several sets of old workings. The Keystone or Climax Mine consists of two shafts 65* and 80* deep with minor drifting and a shallow open cut. One map indicates a third shaft 40' deep. Silver values were present in the underground workings and in the open cut. Two other veins on the lot have each been developed by a 30' shaft and an adit. High grade pockets of silver have been reported from these workings.

Lot T201 contains the north part of the Badger Mine. The old workings present are several caved adits. The shaft and most of the underground workings are on lot T200. adjacent to the south.

In addition to the workings listed above, numerous pits and trenches are present on various veins on the property. A number of these pits and trenches are not shown on any map.


General Geology

The regional geology consists of 300 to 400' of black, sulphidic. graphitic shale ("Rove Formation 1 ) overlying iron formation ("Gunflint Formation'). Both are Aphebian (Late Precambrian) in age and dip gently to the south. Archean basement rocks (granite, greenstone, etc.) underlie the sediments. Wackes overlie the black shales to the south. An analysis of the black shale is presented in Appendix II.

All these rock types have been cut by late Precambrian diabasic intrusions. principally sills or near-conformable dykes. One sill is the norm for the property, always as the topmost layer up to 50-60 m thick on the hills. Drilling on the property has intersected a thin (4-5 m) second sill at depth.

Only diabase and shale are exposed on the property. Iron formation has been intersected at depth on the property. Greenstone was reported from deep drilling on an adjacent property.

Structural Geology

The sediments have a regional dip of 3 to 5 degrees to the south. Local variations in dip due to dragging or tilting along faults are common.

All rock types on the property have been affected by faulting. The major fault directions are ENE to NE and NNW. These directions are also the major joint directions observed in the diabase. They also appear to be the predominant joint directions in the shale, though jointing in shale is less well documented. The joint patterns have been attributed to subsidence of the Lake Superior basin during a later period of volcanic activity.

The faulting has both vertical and horizontal components. The vertical component is easily determined from the relative elevations of the diabase/shale contacts across the fault. Vertical displacements of 3 to 10m are most common, though displacements of 30m and more have been recorded in the area. The horizontal component is largely unknown due to the lack of references to measure the displacement. The model of basin subsidence would mean a relatively minor horizontal component. This appears to be borne out by the occasional presence of slickensides indicating a near-vertical displacement.

All observed faults on the property dip steeply O75 deg.).

All these faults have been filled by vein minerals.

J. W. Redden - Geologistnacre ^

Economic Geology

All rock types in the area have been cut by vertical or near-vertical faults. The faults have been filled by veins containing quartz (glassy, white, amethystine), calcite (clear, white) with lesser fluorite (green, purple) and occasionally barite (white, translucent). Barite is generally considered to represent a post-silver mineralizing event. Witherite (barium carbonate) was reported from the PI vein. Fault gouge is present in a number of the veins. Vugs lined with crystals are not uncommon. Cockade texture and mineral banding inward from the vein walls are also common.

The veins are generally brecciated zones containing assorted angular fragments of the black shale. Often, solid veins up to 0.5 m wide are present within the breccia. Silicification is often measured in millimetres, however in some zones, silicification over widths of several metres is present associated with quartz stringer zones.

Metallic minerals present in the veins include pyrite, marcasite. sphalerite, galena and occasionally chalcopyrite. The silver is present as films, leaves or nuggets in the form of the silver sulphide, acanthite (locally termed argentite) or less commonly as wire or dendritic native silver. The mineral assemblage is typical of low temperature and pressure deposition. Cobalt, nickel, arsenic and antimony minerals are not present.

Silver values tend to occur very erratically within the veins and occasionally into fractures in the wallrock. The more significant silver values tend to be found where the veins are enclosed within the black shale and within 30 to 60 m of the overlying diabase. Generally, the veins where enclosed by diabase or iron formation did not carry silver. This observation has been explained as due to the precipitating action of the graphite present in the host shales. The diabase and iron formation, being free of graphite, were not suitable deposition sites for the silver.

The frequency of faulting (and veining) has not been quantified. There does not appear to be any "rule* to determine, in advance, the number or width of veins within a given distance. There has been some discussion concerning a positive relationship between the vertical displacement of a fault and the width of the vein contained wothin in the fault. This possible correlation may have merit, but as yet remains unproved.

There is some evidence to suggest a more or less vertical plunge to the ore shoots. There has also been considerable speculation in the past concerning the presence of high grade shoots associated with vein intersections. There does appear to be some merit to this argument but hard data is lacking.

J. W. Redden - Geologistfi

The veins on the property vary in width from mere hairline local stringers to brecciated zones 5 or 6m wide. The Porcupine Junior mine consist of 4 distinct vein breccia zones separated from each other by several metres of shale containing occasional veinlets and stringers, the entire width being in the order of 15 to 20m. In this case it becomes somewhat academic as to the definition of "vein 1 . These wider zones are of particular interest as potential low grade, open pit mining situations.

There have been numerous descriptions of the veins given in the literature and a number of university theses written on the silver deposits of the Thunder Bay area. The vein minerals were deposited in the faults over a period of time. There have been several different sequences of deposition proposed and several different theories to explain the presence of silver. None of these proposals or theories explain all the features of the deposits. The sequence of deposition does vary from vein to vein depending on local conditions at the time of mineralization. It is apparent from examining some of the veins that there are more depositional episodes than have yet been published. No model has been proposed which explains or forecasts the specific features to be determined to discover a significant silver deposit in the Thunder Bay area.

Silver is the only mineral to have been profitably produced from the veins. Testing has been carried out on some properties in the area to also recover zinc and fluorite. These tests were promising, but to date have not been tried commercially.

Exploration Techniques

During the 1880's, exploration consisted of prospecting to find a vein, digging a few pits, then sinking shafts and/or driving adits to explore the vein.

During the 1940's, 50's and 60's, several exploration programmes were undertaken for silver in the area. Some of the work was well done. An example is some of the first documented geochemical exploration work undertaken in Northwestern Ontario. Nore common though were stock promotions and underfunded. but enthusiastic, exploration programmes. One programme was reported to have ended up as a highgrading operation, unknown to the property owner. These are not new phenomena, as a reading of the old literature from the 1880's and 1890's will confirm.

Numerous exploration programmes have been carried out since for silver deposits in the Thunder Bay area. A brief discussion of the merits of several exploration techniques follows.

J. W. Redden - Geologist 7

Prospecting

Prospecting should concentrate on locating veins which could contain silver rather than expect to discover the silver in the vein. Detailed examination of outcrop along the flanks of the hills is the most successful prospecting technique. Carefully following the diabase/shale contact looking for vertical displacements of the contact often delimits areas deserving detailed examination. Areas of diabase containing closely spaced joints (say 5 to 10/m) are also favourable prospecting areas. The absence of silver from an outcropping vein should not preclude further work.

Geological Napping

Geological mapping for silver deposits is a more systematic coverage of the property than is prospecting. In addition to the prospecting targets, the mapping incorporates a detailed mapping and plotting of any linear features (lineaments, gullies, valleys, etc.) and careful examination of any outcrop adjacent to these features. The fault zones are softer than the surrounding rock and tend to erode more quickly, leaving a notch and/or depression in the diabase-capped hills. Plotting of all old workings is also essential. Accurate grid lines are required to provide the degree of precision needed for a quality interpretation.

Descriptions and maps of showings and veins should be very detailed. As stated previously, no definitive model has been developed to explain or forecast the occurrence of silver.

Geochemi eal Surveys

Geochemical surveys have been used successfully in the past to locate and trace veins in the area. Zinc has been the most commonly used pathfinder. It is present in virtually all the veins and is widely considered to be closely associated with the silver. Zinc is very mobile and is often transported substantial distances from its bedrock source. Consequently, topography, soil type and water flow direction are critical components of any interpretation. Though silver can be used directly for geochemical exploration, it has not been successful to date in locating any silver deposit. As with prospecting, the technique is useful for locating veins which may contain silver, but should not be relied upon to find silver deposits directly.

J. W. Redden - GeologistR

VLF Surveys

VLF surveys can identify some of the veins in fault zones. The zones should tend to be good conductors. Problems with interpretation can occur in swampy ground, areas underlain by conductive clay or water-filled gravel layers in the overburden and in areas where the target is adjacent to a cliff or steep slope. The height of the water table is important. Less conductors will be discovered during dry weather than in wet weather. As with most surveys, starting at the known and extending to the unknown reduces interpretive difficulties.

Magnetic Surveys

Vertical displacement due to faulting will result in a difference in thickness of the diabase on either side of the fault. A magnetometer which measures the vertical component of the magnetic field can distinguish this difference in thickness and thus define the location of the fault. Closely spaced (2 m) readings are necessary to pinpoint the fault. Topography and small displacement faults will interfere with the interpretation. This technique requires the presence of diabase, at least on one side of the fault. As with most surveys, starting at the known and extending to the unknown reduces interpretive difficulties.

Stripping and Trenching

Exposing the vein is the only method which allows direct examination of the bedrock surface. Where overburden is thin, stripping and trenching are fast and economical. Trenching is the most economical method to determine the width and character of a vein. Experience suggests that a large backhoe (Cat 235) is the most efficient way to remove up to 4-5m of overburden from a vein. With thicker overburden, or more extensive stripping programmes, the backhoe should be combined with a dozer to most effectively move the overburden.

Diamond Drilling

Due to the extremely erratic nature of the silver mineralization within the veins, drilling must be very lucky or closely spaced to intersect silver. One technique used to increase the chances of hitting silver was to drill at a small angle to the plane of the vein. In one hole, the drill cored in a 1.3m vein for about 30m before passing through the vein. This technique can be effective, however sufficient preliminary work must have been done to determine that the drill pattern will have a high expectation of intersecting whatever silver may be present. Without closely spaced drill holes K 10m between intersections), diamond drilling can only be expected to give a point value for width and grade.

J. W. Redden - GeologistO

Metallurgical Testing

During active mining in the area, milling consisted of manually sorting out the higher grade and gravity concentration (Frue vanner) of the lower grade. This was before flotation and cyanidation were commercially available.

Nore recent testing of silver samples from the area indicates high (+90*) recoveries of silver using either flotation or cyanidation. The flotation technique has the advantage that it can also recover lead, zinc or other components of the ore. A portion of the silver is present as grains and/or nuggets of argentite and native silver. A gravity concentration is thus required to remove these coarser particles before the flotation or cyanidation to yield high recoveries.

Discussion of Earlier Work on the Property

During the 1880's, exploration consisted of prospecting to find a vein, digging a few pits, then sinking shafts and/or driving adits to explore the vein. Descriptions of some of this work were reported in various government reports at the time. The only other major sources of information are numerous newspaper items which tend to be unreliable.

Some of the old mines were reexamined about 1911-1912. Documentation of this work is sparse.

During 1919. Mining Corp. examined a number of the old mines in the area. Their assay results were uniformly low to trace. This data tended to discourage any further work on the old properties. The author is aware of several of these assay plans. In one case, the author has personally seen argentite in a face which was reported by Mining Corp. to assay nil to trace silver. It appears that the sampling and/or assaying by Mining Corp. was in error.

During the 1930's. several attempts were made to reopen some of the old mines. Animikie Mines Ltd. under the direction of C. H. Miles, a mining engineer, carried out extensive exploration on the property. Though costs of supplies and wages were low, it was impossible to raise even the minimal capital required to properly evaluate any of the discoveries. With very few exceptions, Myles's observations and comments in his reports are accurate and reliable.

It is known that several properties were worked during the 1930's on a small scale, generally by an individual or small group. These efforts were attempts to provide a cash income during the Depression, usually by "highgrading'. Systematic exploration and development was not done.

J. W. Redden - Geologist1 O

An extensive exploration and development programme was undertaken on the Porcupine property by Creswel Mines Ltd. in the mid 1960's and continued into the early 1970's. The work consisted of surface geological mapping, a geochemical survey, diamond drilling, underground sampling and some underground development.

The geological mapping was typical of personnel who have not been given the time to get a "feel* for the area before mapping. Though the map does portray most of the hard data known at the time, it does not contain the subtleties or detailed interpretation that a more experienced person with a feel for the property would have produced. Several sets of old workings were not located during the mapping.

The geochemical survey results are not available.

The diamond drilling was mainly successful in intersecting veins. None of the drill holes returned significant silver values. This is not uncommon in the silver deposits in the area. One hole drilled to intersect the east end of the Porcupine vein appears to have been spotted too far to the south and was not drilled far enough to intersect the vein. The hole did intersect a vein, however it is likely the eastern continuation of one of the P3 veins. None of the core is available for examination.

The most valuable and useful work done by Creswel was the very extensive sampling of most of the old mine workings. The author has obtained copies of most of these results. They indicate several of the old mines to contain high grade pockets of silver. The most notable silver mineralization is located in the Porcupine Nine. On the second level, Creswel outlined an area of high grade ore assaying 394.5 ounces per ton silver over a width of 3 feet. This section is exposed in the back of a stope and in a 20' raise above the stope (see Fig. 9).

In summary, the quality of earlier exploration in the area over the years has been very uneven. In the vast majority of cases, documentation of previous work is poor or nonexistent. The Creswel work is considered to be reliable. The availability of this data eliminates expensive duplication of much of the previous work.

J. W. Redden - Geologist 11

1992 Exploration

During 1992, the author undertook a modest exploration programme to test several theories concerning the potential mineral economics of the Porcupine Property.

These theories can be summarized as follows:

1. high grade silver pockets should be present at the bedrock surface of the veins

2. closely spaced parallel veins could constitute economic open pit situations

3. saleable products may possibly be produced from the shale and diabase

4. the vein material should be marketable as a decorative stone

5. crystals lining vugs in the veins should be marketable

1992 Geological Mapping

Initial reconnaissance mapping was carried out to refamiliarize the author with the property. This work consisted of visiting most of the previous showings to compare the old data with new observations plus traverses between the old workings. The data is summarized on Fig. 2.

Specific mapping (chain and compass, or grid) was limited to specific areas stripped or adjacent to stripped areas which exhibited the most potential. Naps of these areas are included with this report. Areas which did not produce new significant data were not specifically mapped. Also, stripped areas which did not yield significant results were not mapped. These stripped areas are described in the text of this report and the locations are shown on the accompanying maps.

A grid has not been established over the property. Due to the extremes in topography on the property, an accurate grid is impossible without survey control. This expense is not justified at this time. As work progresses on the property, grid lines will be established and tied into surveyed lot corners. Grid lines will be established wherever warranted to tie in old and new workings and to tie in other features of significance.

In the past, veins on the property have been known by a variety of names. To simplify the terminology, all the known veins on each lot on the property have been numbered, starting at #1. The vein number is prefixed by "S 1 for lot T95. "P 1 for lot T96, ~W for lot T140 and "K 1 for lot T145.

J. W. Redden - Geologist 1 ?

Descriptions of Rock Types

Table l

Table of Formations

Cenozoic Si Recent

glacial and swamp deposits

Precambrian

Protozoic

diabase (intrusive) shale

Shale

The shale is black, thin to medium bedded, soft, and generally well jointed. The major joint direction is northeast to east northeast, subparallel to the faulting. Joints at about right angles to this are also present but less common.

Graphite is responsible for the black colour of the shale. Analysis indicates the graphite content to be in the order of 3*. Occasional pyrite-rich layers are also present. The pyrite is very fine grained and over a centimetre or two can constitute up to 50* of the layers. Due to the origin of black shale, anomalous values in many chalcophile metals are always present. An analysis of a sample of black shale (4220050) taken from near the mouth of the lower adit of the Porcupine Nine is presented in Appendix II.

Magnetite has been developed in the shale adjacent to the diabase contact due to thermal metamorphism.

The black shale does contain concretions. Concretions up to 0.5m in diameter have been noted on the propertyand up to 2m diameter elsewhere in the area. They are circular in plan and ovoid in section. The concretions tend to break cleanly from the enclosing shale with very little effort. The concretions are usually massive and uniform. Septarian concretions have been reported from the area but none have been noted on the property by the author.

Diabase

The diabase is typical of the sills and dykes present in the Thunder Bay area. It is medium to dark grey, fine grained near the diabase/shale contact, medium grained elsewhere, occasionally displays columnar jointing and generally monotonous.

J. W. Redden - Geologist13

A thin chill zone is present at the diabase/shale contact. This zone is usually only a few centimetres thick.

Joint spacing in the diabase is generally less than l or 2 joints per metre, but does vary considerably. As a fault is approached, vertical jointing tends to become more frequent, up to 20 or 30 per metre. The increased jointing is subparallel to the fault. Jointing at right angles to the strike of the fault also increases in frequency but to a much lesser degree. Horizontal to subhorizontal joints are less common than vertical joints. Some areas do show 5 to 10 horizontal joints per metre, however, the significance, if any, of this increased horizontal joint density is unknown.

A portion of the diabase forming the north side of the Keystone *6 vein is well-jointed and weathered. In this area (see Fig. 8), the diabase consists of blocks 5cm x 10cm x 10cm to 10cm x 15cm x 20cm. Joints between the blocks consist of soft, rusty, friable intensely weathered diabase. The block corners have been rounded by the weathering. An explanation for the extreme weathering in this specific location has not yet been determined. This rock is easy to excavate due to the weathered dense jointing pattern. At the same time, for open pit mining, the rock will pose a stability problem if not sloped to a shallower angle of repose than that required for the unweathered diabase.

Cenozoic fc Recent

The area has been glaciated. Till deposits were deposited at the end of the last ice age. During the last retreat of the ice. meltwater formed a lake (Lake Duluth) which covered much of the region.

As the water receded, wave action modified the tills. This has resulted in the flanks of the hills containing lenses of gravel within a sandy loam with a low clay component. The lower flanks of hills and the surrounding lowlands received the clays washed down from the higher ground plus much additional clay from the retreating glaciers. Thicknesses of clay up to 25m thick are known to be present on the property.

On the property, topographic relief was sufficient to result in a well developed dendritic drainage pattern. Very low or swampy ground is limited to the occasional local depression. Only minor accumulations of organic material are present.

No good quality commercial sand or gravel deposits are present on the property and none are likely to be discovered. The clays are not true clay but accumulations of rock flour. Testing of the clays in the region to date suggest that the carbonate content is too high to produce a satisfactory ceramic product.

J. W. Redden - Geologist nnm* 14

Stripping - Lot T95

Two areas on lot T95 were stripped.

On an east facing slope in the northwestern part of the lot. previous work had exposed vein 84 over a length of 150'. All the pits and trenches were caved. It appears that an adit was started, however the size of the dump and subsequent stripping indicates the adit did not extend full face into the bedrock. Material piled beside the old trenching contained barite and quartz.

Overburden was thin and the entire length of old trenching was stripped. Vein 84 consists of a breccia zone 0.1 to 0.4m wide with only occasional quartz stringers outside the main breccia. The fault displacement is north side down.

Vein material consisted principally of quartz with substantial barite irregularly distributed along the length. Calcite and green fluorite were only seen over a length of l to 2m in one part of the vein. Metallic minerals were very sparse. The vein, where exposed, does not appear to be favourable for silver mineralization and no further work was done.

Near the west end of the stripping, a cross trench was bulldozed to test for parallel veins between the adjacent diabase hills. None were found.

The location of this work is shown on Fig. 3.

Near the centre of the lot are the old workings of the Silver Creek Mine (vein SI). The old workings according to Creswel consist of an adit 180* long and a winze 29' deep sunk 40' in from the adit entrance. This indicates the adit had been extended at some time after the 1880's, likely in the 1930's. A trench about 5m long and 2 pits were also present on a separate vein (vein 82) 10m to the north of the adit.

Stripping exposed both the SI vein by the adit and theparallel S2 vein (0.1 to 0.2m wide) to the north. The 82 vein had been trenched previously but its presence had only rarely been documented. Stripping was extended to the north until excessive overburden prevented further work. A backhoe was then used to trench the SI vein to the east from the adit. Overburden thickness increased rapidly to more than 2m only 7m from the adit entrance. The overburden consisted of pulverized black shale containing the occasional rounded granite boulder. This material is considered to be a basal glacial till derived mainly from the local black shale. The material is well cemented and the backhoe had considerable difficulty in digging. A 5m high overburden bank adjacent to the north side of the trench added to the difficulty of excavating. Water draining from the adit, combined with the other factors made excavating too slow to justify further work at this time.

J. W. Redden - Geologist nacrp 1 5

Mapping had indicated the potential for a separate vein to the west of the adit. The backhoe was used to dig 2 short trenches to check this theory. A vein zone 0.1 to 0.2m wide was discovered in the first trench in diabase. The vein contained quartz with minor calcite and green fluorite. The strike of this vein suggests that it may be the SI vein or perhaps a vein parallel to and slightly south of the SI vein. Additional stripping will be required for confirmation.

The second trench exposed another vein (now the S5 vein). This S5 vein is a brecciated zone within diabase. The author could find no previous workings or any reference in the literature to this vein. The zone is 1m wide and contains quartz, calcite and green fluorite. The strike of this vein indicates it should intersect the SI vein near the first trench. This is within 10 to 15m of the west end of the adit, where Creswel reported assays of 3.6 to 17.8 ounces per ton Ag across widths of 1.3 to 2.5*. The westward extension of the SI vein appears to be offset northward by the S5 vein.

The southwestward projection of this new vein was followed to the southern edge of the diabase sill. This area appears to be covered by thicker overburden and trenching to bedrock may be difficult. The area is heavily treed and further work will be done after logging is completed.

Work by Creswel on the SI vein returned assays up to 63.6 ounces per ton Ag over a width of 1.5'. The Creswel data and the presence of several veins warrants additional work in this area.


Creswel dug a long trench (about 200 m) along the western boundary of Lot T95 to trace the SI vein. A vein was found in the trench which Creswel considered too small and weak to warrant further work. The precise location of the vein in the trench is unknown. The author considers the projection of the SI vein westward to follow a course somewhat south of that suggested by Creswel. The author is of the opinion that the SI vein lies slightly south of the south end of the trench. The vein found by Creswel is considered to be a separate vein, possibly the S3 vein (see Fig. 2).

A further projection of the SI vein by the author suggests the vein to continue westward into the valley containing the road from the Porcupine adit to the Porcupine shaft (see Fig. 266).

Fencing and flagging was installed around the top of the Silver Creek adit. Fencing and a warning sign were also placed in the adit entrance at the conclusion of the work.

J. W. Redden - Geologist1 fi

Stripping - Lot T96

Excavating was carried out in two areas on lot T96.

The Porcupine Junior Mine workings are located in the south central part of lot T96. The main workings consist of 2 adits driven easterly into the west side of a hill. Overburden is very thick in this area and the adits each penetrated extensive overburden before entering bedrock. No attempt was made in 1992 to excavate at the adit entrances. Creswel reported assays up to 27.2 ounces per ton Ag across 1.3' from the upper adit. They also reported native silver to be present at one location in the adit.

Stripping was carried out in an area of several old pits and trenches near the crest of the hill above the adits. Overburden in this area was only l to 2 m thick at the edge of the hill but the thickness increases rapidly below the crest of the hill.

The old reports of this mine indicated 4 main individual parallel veins with some stringers between the larger veins. This area was considered a likely target for a wide, potential open pit situation. All 4 veins are now designated the P3 vein zone.

Stripping in 1992 exposed what could be 3 of the veins mentioned in the earlier reports. The largest vein is up to 1m wide and contains quartz, calcite and green fluorite, with sphalerite, galena and argentite. The other veins are narrower but are of similar composition. The analysis of a sample (#220048) from the largest vein is given in Appendix II.

It is likely that the 4th vein mentioned in the old reports lies to the south of the area stripped. This area was not stripped due to heavy timber cover, in


The Porcupine Nine is located near the middle of lotT96. It was the only mine on the present property to have officially recorded silver production (360,000). The mine was developed by a shaft and two levels. A third level was developed by Creswel. Originally, the mine contained three adit levels but these three adit levels became one when the upper two were stoped out and the lower adit level became the first level.

Water constantly draining from the adit created very soft ground which made dozer stripping difficult. A backhoe was then used to strip the vein west of the adit. The backhoe was able to create a diversion ditch for the water which assisted with the work. The vein where exposed was only 0.1 to 0.2m wide and contained only quartz. The adit entrance was not disturbed during this work.

J. W. Redden Geologistnarrt* 1 7

Dozer stripping was also carried out to the east of the shaft to locate and extend the PI vein eastward. A compass line was run from the shaft along the measured strike of the vein to the edge of the diabase hill. The stripping did not expose any veining. The accompanying map (Fig. 6) illustrates the location of the stripping relative to the now projected eastern extension of the vein. It appears that the original compass direction was off or the diabase was sufficiently magnetic to deflect the compass. The grid was established after this stripping was completed.

Along the road between the Porcupine adit and shaft are several old pits and a shallow shaft. The road lies within a valley which appears to be fault controlled. Quartz stringers (vein P4) had been reported from a 30' shaft but no information was available concerning any results from the pits. A dozer was used for initial stripping by the shaft but too much overburden was present for effective bulldozing. The backhoe was then used to dig several trenches in this area.

The shaft had been sunk in shale at the edge of the diabase. Excavating by the shaft revealed vein P4 to be only O.lm wide in the shale. The shale/bedrock contact immediately north of the vein dropped down and the overburden depth increased rapidly to greater than 4 m. The trench was backfilled and a new trench started further east on the top of the slope in the valley. This second trench was started at the south side of the valley and dug to the north. The southern part of the trench averaged 2m of overburden and exposed four narrow vein zones within a width of llm in the diabase. These are considered to be part of the P4 vein zone. Further north, the diabase/shale contact was exposed in the trench. Just north of the contact the overburden thickness increased rapidly to greater than 4 to 5m. The trenching was terminated and the deeper portion of the trench backfilled.

Two test pits further east along the south part of the valley also encountered more than 4m of overburden and were backfilled. Trenching along the north side of the valley also encountered more than 4m of overburden within 2m of the exposed diabase outcropping. The western extension of the SI vein is interpreted to underlie the north side of the valley.

Several reports on the Porcupine Nine mention a vein branching off westerly at a small angle from the main PI vein. Some maps and sections also make note of this. The sources however do not agree in which direction this branch vein runs. Some sources indicate the vein lies north of the lower adit entrance. Other sources indicate the vein to lie to the south. Examination by the author failed to confirm either. Additional work will be required to determine the correct direction.



Stripping - Lot T140

Dozer stripping was conducted at two locations on this lot. No backhoe work was done.

In the southwesterly part of the lot are the remains of the West Beaver Mine on vein Wl. Old workings consist of a 80' shaft, a 250' adit driven westerly intersecting the bottom of the shaft and continuing 69' further west, a pit and what appears to be a second adit only a few metres north of the first adit. This second adit converges with the first and is considered to be a "first attempt' at driving the adit. Both adit entrances are caved. Minor stoping had been carried out above the adit level west of the shaft. Creswel reported assays up to 92.0 ounces per ton Ag across 2.5' .

As stated previously, the author has an undated, unsigned sketch indicating a second level to exist 50' below the adit level. The sketch indicates this second level to extend 5' east and 100' west of the shaft. A small stoped area is shown to the west of the shaft.

The dozer stripping exposed the vein Wl near the shaft in the diabase and lower down the hill above the adit entrance. The vein was mainly calcite with minor quartz in the diabase. In the shale, the vein contained quartz with lesser calcite. Only occasional green fluorite was present. A few specks of sphalerite and galena were also noted. The breccia is 0.1 to 0.4m wide.

The shaft collar had been surrounded by a sturdy fence. It was not disturbed. Flagging was attached to the fence and adjacent trees.

Stripping was extended southerly from the shaft across a narrow valley. This was done to check for other parallel veins. None were found.


The Little Pig vein (vein W2) is located in the north central part of lot T140. 100m or so south of Highway 588. Old workings consist of three short adits with minor drifting and several pits. The adit entrances are caved.

One dozer trench was cut across the vein where both walls were shale. The vein was up to 1m wide and contained calcite, quartz and green fluorite in varying proportions. Metallic minerals were sparse. Several additional veins up to 5cm wide were present within a metre of the south side of the vein.



Stripping - Lot T145

Dozer stripping was carried out in three areas on this lot and backhoe stripping at two.

In the east central part of the lot and extending into the northwest part of T95 are two subparallel veins. The southerly of these two (K6) has been explored by several pits and trenches. The northerly vein (K5) was developed by two shafts and trenching of the vein. The east shaft is 65' deep, the western shaft is 80* deep. Both are fenced.

The K5 vein was mined during the 1930's for silver by Animikie Nines Ltd. It was reported that several tons of silver ore were mined. Additional work underground was planned pending the raising of more capital. The funding was not forthcoming and the project was terminated.

Creswel drilled 8 holes, tracing vein K5 for a length of 110' west of the west shaft and to depths up to 170' below surface. Creswel also dewatered two of the shafts and sampled underground. Results up to 91.68 ounces per ton Ag across 3.5 1 were reported from the eastern shaft and 21.60 ounces per ton Ag across 4.2' from the western shaft.

Vein K6 lies in a distinct valley with a gradual slope up to the north and a 15 to 20m cliff on the south. Dozer stripping across the valley exposed a 7m wide silicified zone in the shale. This zone starts 6m south of vein K6. Several small quartz veins are present between the vein and the silicification. It appears likely that the silicified zone and vein K6 represent a single broad zone. The vein itself is 0.3 to 0.6m wide consisting primarily of quartz with minor calcite. No metallic minerals were seen. Fault displacement is south side up. The amount of vertical displacement could not be determined. The silicified zone consists of several narrow (5mm) quartz veins with pervasive silicification of the intervening shale.

Dozer stripping was carried out to the east of the eastern shaft on vein K5 to trace the eastern extension of the vein. Excessive overburden O2m) and wet ground were encountered. The dozer was also used to remove the muck pile from beside the south side of the old trench. Only a few tons of rock debris were present, the remainder being dirt. This indicates that the material mined from the trench in the 1930's did contain silver and was removed from the property. This was further confirmed by the discovery on the dump of two pieces of calcite containing films of argentite in the joints and along the crystal boundaries. One piece (sample 4220046) assayed ?? ounces per ton Ag. Stripping with the dozer at the west end of the old stripping was also stopped due to excessive overburden.

J. W. Redden - Geologist page 20

The backhoe exposed the K5 vein for a total length of 85m. The K5 vein zone consists of a main breccia vein along the north side (hanging wall) up to 1.4m thick. It consists of calcite, quartz, green fluorite and minor purple fluorite. Metallic minerals include sphalerite, galena and minor argentite and pyrite. The south part of the zone is a silicified zone up to 1.3 m thick containing quartz stringers up to 3 cm thick and pervasive silicification of the adjacent shale.

Near the west end of the stripped area, just west of the area mined in the 1930's, significant argentite associated with sphalerite was uncovered. The argentite occurs as films on joints and shear planes within the calcite crystals and between calcite crystals. Discontinuous streaks of individual argentite grains from 1/2 to 1mm in diameter were also present associated with fine granular quartz and calcite seams. The sphalerite is black and forms crystalline aggregates up to 5cm in diameter in the calcite. The sphalerite has a blue iridescent colour which may be films of argentite. A sample (#220049) assayed 85.8 ounces per ton Ag. The association of sphalerite with silver mineralization is a common one in the region. The dimensions of the silver bearing section could not be determined due to dirt and weathering on the rock surface. It is known to be a minimum 0.3 mwide and 1m long. As it is located only 9m west of the deepest part of the area mined in the 1930's where a sample (#220047) assayed ?? ounces per ton Ag, it is possible that the intervening area also contains silver. Rock trenching will be required for confirmation.

The silicified portion of the K5 vein zone appears to decrease in width to the east, though the main vein remains strong. This may only be due to the presence of the vein in diabase rather than in shale. There is a possibility that the K5 and K6 veins converge into a single vein further to the east. Both exhibit adjacent silicified zones. The potential exists for a wider (open pit?) zone to the east consisting of the widths of both veins plus their silicified zones if they converge. Additional stripping is warranted to investigate this possibility. Due to the topography and overburden depths, stripping should be done with a combination of a D 8 dozer and a Cat 235 backhoe for the most effective removal of the dirt.

A third shaft, 40* deep, is shown on a few maps of the property about 50m west of the 80' deep shaft. This shaft was not noted by Creswel. The only report on the shaft mentions the presence of silver on the dump. It is likely that the shaft, if it exists, is near one of the several mounds of dirt nearby originally thought to be due to previous dozer stripping.


J. W. Redden - Geologist Daae 21

Some time prior to 1891, work was carried out on three adjacent subparallel zones in the east central portion of lot T145 on the west slope of a hill, about 150m north northwest of the previously described work. No records of this work are available from the time, however a report from the 1930's repeats unconfirmed and undocumented information stating that 20.000 ounces of silver was recovered from driving the adits alone, without stoping.

The south set of workings consist of 2 adits, a 9m deep shaft and a 75m long trench. The lower adit does not appear to have reached bedrock. The area between the shaft and the upper adit was stripped, a length of 70m. The shaft was filled in during this work. The K3 vein was exposed for a length of 42 m. The vein varies in width from 0.3 to 0.5m with several adjacent 2 to 4cm veins giving an overall width of about 1.6m at the adit entrance. The K3 vein consists of quartz with varying amounts of calcite and green fluorite with very minor purple fluorite. Minor sphalerite and a few specks of galena were also present. Displacement on the fault is north side up about 3.5 m.

The author found several pieces of vein material on the dump containing argentite, including a 5mm nugget of argentite. It was later learned that Creswel had examined this adit (80* long in bedrock) and found a small stope. Assays up to 24.8 ounces per ton Ag across 1.5' were reported plus an assay of 69.8 ounces per ton Ag from a 10 pound sample of the muck remaining under the stope.

The backhoe stripping exposed the adit entrance, resulting in the top 0.5m of the adit entrance being opened. The rest of the adit entrance is blocked by slumped overburden. The adit is 5 1 wide x 7' high and is 3/4 full of water. About 10,000 gallons of water is estimated to be in the adit. It will be useful as a handy source of water for washing down the vein. To prevent unauthorized entry, the adit entrance was covered with fencing.

The north set of workings consists of 3 adits and a 9m deep shaft. The lowest adit does not appear to have reached bedrock. The dump at the middle adit contains only a minor amount of bedrock and does not appear to have progressed more than a few metres into the bedrock. Only part of the distance between the shaft and the upper adit (40m) was stripped to bedrock due to the steep slope of the hill. The vein (K2) was exposed for a length of about 10m. The vein varies in width from 0.2 to 0.3m with only an occasional adjacent stringer. The vein consists of quartz with varying amounts of calcite, green fluorite and minor purple fluorite. Sphalerite and galena were also present. Displacement on the fault is unknown. The shaft was filled in during this work. One old report suggests one of the adits on this vein is 200 to 300* long.

J. W. Redden - Geologist oaoe 22

Between the north and south sets of workings is a single caved adit in a gully. The author has been unable to find any reference to this adit but it was likely driven in the 1930's. The small dump indicates a very short adit. The gully does contain numerous boulders up to 1.5 m in diameter which may have interfered with further work. Due to the size of the boulders. it was decided not to use the dozer in this area. The backhoe work was deferred due to the slippery, icy conditions at the time the backhoe was on the property. No vein has yet been observed at this location and thus no vein number has been assigned.


Sampling

A number of samples were collected during the programme.

Several blocks of vein material were collected specifically for testing as a decorative stone. Further details are given under the Decorative Stone section of this report.

One sample of shale (#220050) was collected for analysis. The analytical results are given in Appendix II.

Four samples (#220046 to 220049 were collected and analysed for silver. The analytical results are given in Appendix II.

The silver occurs very erratically within the veins and the "nugget effect' is a very important consideration. Bulk sampling is the only reliable way to determine "average 1 grade for these deposits.

It is a general rule of thumb that if the silver cannot be seen without a hand lens, then there is insufficient silver to make ore. Therefore, if you can't see it, don't bother assaying for it. This of course is not applicable when doing grade and tonnage calculations, however it is appropriate for the present preliminary exploration.

The analytical results seem to indicate the veins are strongly enriched in Pb, Zn and Mn compared with the shale. A comparison of the Whole Rock and ICAP results indicate serious analytical discrepancies, as do several of the other analyses. Further investigations are underway to determine the reasons for these differences. The results will not be available in time for inclusion in this report. The analyses in Appendix II should not be accepted quantitatively "as is 1 until the discrepancies are adequately explained.


Results

Overall, the 1992 exploration programme is considered a success.

Silver

Silver was discovered in the K5 vein adjacent to previous work.

The samples from the K3 dump containing silver. This and the data from Creswel, tend to confirm earlier reports about good silver values in the K3 vein.

The K5 vein may converge with the K6 vein to the east. The combined width of these two veins would represent an possible open pit situation.

The SI vein is only one of several veins located in the same immediate area. The possibility exists for high grade sections to be associated with the junctions of these veins.

A new vein (S5) was discovered within 100m of the Silver Creek mine.

The P3 vein zone indicates sufficient width to constitute a potential open pit situation.

The interpreted extension of the SI vein westward into lot T96 indicates considerable strike length to this structure.

The presence of the P4 quartz stringers and veins within a width of llm suggests another potential open pit situation may be present.

These results demonstrate the potential of the property to produce new discoveries as additional veins, new occurrences of silver within known veins and clusters of veins which have the size to be amenable to open pit mining.

No reserve figures were calculated by Creswel based on their sampling. A very quick calculation by the author from the Creswel summary data (see Fig. 9), suggests 70,000 to 100.000 ounces of silver as a preliminary reserve figure. A more detailed calculation, based on Creswel's individual assays is required.

Though insufficient data is available to calculate reserves in the K5 vein, results indicate a reserve is l ikely present.

The K3 vein may also contain a reserve but more sampling is required.


Decorative Stone

Several blocks of vein material were collected and tested as potential sources of decorative stone. Testing in 1992 was limited to slabbing of some of the blocks. This was done to indicate the possible range of colours and textures to be expected. It was also an opportunity to determine the limitations which the material may have which could interfere with its use as a decorative stone. Marketing studies were beyond the scope of the 1992 programme.

The combination of quartz, calcite, green fluorite and purple fluorite cementing the black shale fragments in the brecciated veins produced attractive combinations of colour and texture.

The veins vary in texture and composition very rapidly both vertically and horizontally and thus will not produce a large number of identical or even very similar slabs.

As expected, slabbing rate is slowed by increases in quartz content.

The unsilicified black shale tends to break easily along bedding planes.

The unsilicified black shale when slabbed discolours the cooling medium. The combination of the shale cuttings and the oil in the cooling medium create a fluid which is dirty and messy. It requires extra time and effort to clean anything which comes into contact with this fluid.

Some blocks when slabbed tend to break easily along the centre of the vein where the centre consists of interfering crystals which grew in from both sides. This is particularly true of quartz veins.

In general, slabs up to 20 cm can be cut to a thickness of 10 mm without fear of an abnormal rate of breakage. (A 24" diameter slab saw was used for the sawing. A larger diameter saw could be expected to produce larger slabs 10 mm thick without much additional breakage.)

Some slabs when cut to a thickness of 4 mm were partially translucent through moderate to strong light. The degree of translucency was determined principally by the quartz content, though calcite was also translucent. Fluorite and shale were not translucent at a 4 mm thickness.

Most pieces which could be sawn to a 10 mm thickness without breakage could also be sawn to 4 mm without significant additional breakage.


The different relative hardnesses of the minerals constituting the veins can be expected to pose some difficulties in polishing to a uniform finish. The use of a plastic coating on some slabs instead of polishing may be necessary.

For some applications a plastic coating may be desirable to increase the strength of the finished product.

A plastic coating may be desirable to "weatherproof the surface. This may be true for the calcite as samples from the dumps show rather strong weathering and dissolution of the calcite over the past 100 years. In the shorter term, the calcite cleavage planes and crystal surfaces can weather, changing the surface from a smooth, shiny appearance to a "frosted 1 look.

No comprehensive list of specific potential applications for this material as a decorative stone has yet been compiled. A range of "tourist 1 type items are an obvious market but is not considered as the ultimate outlet. A more predictable market is desirable to provide a more secure cash flow. Nore thought, discussion and experimentation will be necessary to determine a viable product mix.

A market for crushed vein material for aggregate for decorative purposes should also be considered. Flower beds, walkways and similar applications are possible markets. Crusher fines may be suitable as a soil conditioner.

The major limitation on the application of the vein material for decorative stone will be the size of blocks. If an individual vein is wide, the limiting factors on block size are the presence or absence of a vuggy core and the jointing pattern. Blocks up to 0.3 to 0.4m on a side should be recoverable with some blocks up to 0.5 x 1m x 1m also present.

The veins contain numerous vugs lined with crystals of quartz, amethyst, fluorite, calcite and pyrite, either individually or in various combinations. Specimens of these crystals have definite commercial value. Only a few crystals were found during the 1992 work. One 2 cm diameter vug contained clear quartz crystals 2 to 3 mm across and 15 mm long. Crystals are present in the old dumps but tend to be broken or chipped. Surface weathering of the veins tends to destroy any crystals. If a vug extends to surface, the crystals are not only weathered, but the surface water penetrates to depth thus destroying crystals throughout the entire vug. and at the same time, depositing muddy debris. Quartz crystals, alone are not affected by this weathering. Though the quartz crystals may be covered in mud. they tend to wash clean without staining.


The only significant occurrence of crystals encountered in the 1992 work were small quartz crystals in some of the veinlets. notably in the silicified zones. These crystals are only a few mm in diameter but grow side by side forming slabs of continuous crystals. Colours are usually white and clear. The individual crystals are oriented at assorted directions and tend to "sparkle 1 when rotated. The pieces in hand-size could be an inexpensive souvenir item. Larger pieces could be used in fireplaces and rock gardens. It is unlikely that the material would return a large profit, however it could be a source of revenue and at the same time eliminate the need for dump space.

Due to the surface weathering, trenching below the surface weathering into fresh rock or access to the underground workings is required to obtain quality crystals. It is known from past work by the author in the Porcupine Nine that several large vugs lined with various crystals are present. Development of the potential market for sales of crystals must await subsurface work.

Shale

The black shale is similar in composition to other shales and clays which have been used in the manufacture of ceramic products. In the past, this same shale from a location closer to Thunder Bay was used in the manufacture of brick. It is doubtful if a commercial brick or tile operation could be viable in Thunder Bay at present.

The shale has long been used as a local road building material. Recently it has been used by the local townships on various concession roads. The Ministry of Transport of Ontario considers the shale to be too soft and will not accept it as a suitable road building material for any application, including sub base fill for the planned reconstruction of Highway 588.

The major differences between most commercial shales and this black shale are in the higher carbon and sulphur contents of the black shale. Further inquiries and testing will be undertaken to determine possible uses for the shale.

A market for the shale is considered important for two reasons. First, the property contains in excess of 100.000,000 tons of shale. If a use can be discovered, the reserves for a long-term industry are substantial. Second, sale of the shale, or even offering it free to be dug and hauled away, would eliminate the cost of stripping to mine the veins. This would greatly enhance the potential for a viable silver mining operation.


Diabase

Diabase has been used in the Thunder Bay area in the past to build breakwaters and as railway ballast. Both applications require large volume at low unit cost.

The diabase for breakwater construction was obtained from outcroppings on the shore of Lake Superior, loaded directly into barges, shipped to the construction site and dumped directly into position. There are many outcroppings of diabase on the shore of Lake Superior. An inland source of diabase could not economically compete for this market.

The diabase for railway ballast has been obtained from outcroppings adjacent to the existing railway lines. It is unlikely that an inland source of diabase could economically compete for this market either.

Diabase was quarried near Thunder Bay a few years ago and shipped down the Seaway system via lake boat for the manufacture of rock wool. The quarry operation was shut down when a lower cost source was found. Again, an inland source of diabase would not likely be able to produce at a competitive price. The feasibility of a rock wool manufacturing facility in Thunder Bay has not been investigated, but it is considered likely that the cost structure in Thunder Bay would not be favourable for this type of operation.

The diabase could be crushed and used as aggregate. This use has not yet been investigated.

As with the shale, a market for the diabase is considered important for two reasons. First, the property contains in excess of 50,000,000 tons of diabase. If a use can be discovered, the reserves for a long-term industry are substantial. Second, sale (or even lower cost removal) of the diabase would reduce the cost of stripping to mine the veins. This would enhance the potential for a viable silver mining operation.

Rehabilitation Considerations

The Porcupine property was known to contain old mine workings. A preliminary evaluation of the real and potential hazards which may be present on the property was conducted.

Old Mine Workings

A total of 7 shafts, 17 adits, plus numerous pits and trenches are known to exist on the property. None pose a known safety hazard at present.


Of the 7 shafts, three were filled in during the course of the 1992 stripping programme, three others had been and continue to be fenced, and one, the Porcupine shaft has been capped for about 20 years. The material used for the capping is unknown. The shaft location has been flagged.

The presumed third shaft on the K5 vein has not been identified. It is likely slumped in and has up to now been considered a large pit, of which there are several in the area.

Of the 17 adits, all but two are caved or totally blocked by debris at the entrances. Of the two which are open, one is located on the K3 vein and the other is the Silver Creek Mine on the SI vein. Both of these adits are fenced.

No pits on the property are more than 2m deep.

Only two trenches are more that 2m deep. One is the north end of the trench at 0+05E on the Porcupine baseline. It is about 2.6m deep. It is flagged. Future planned stripping will eliminate the trench. A portion of the trench on the K5 vein is about 5m deep measured from the north side (the south side is about 2m deep. This height is less than the natural topographic relief in the area and is not considered a particular hazard.

A raise is shown on some maps as connecting the upper adit of the Porcupine Junior Nine to surface. This raise has not been located. It is assumed to be filled with debris.

The presence of the third shaft on the K5 vein and the raise on the Porcupine Junior will be investigated further during 1993.

All available information indicates the old mine workings do not pose any potential subsidence hazards.

Nine Dumps

All the old mine workings are accompanied by dumps. Except where work was carried out in 1992, all the dumps have revegetated naturally. Creswel worked on the property 20 years ago and their work areas have grown in. Thus the area regenerates in less than 20 years naturally.

The veins have a total sulphide content less than 5*. The host black shale also has a sulphide content less than 5*. The diabase contains no sulphides. The veins are rich in calcite (calcium carbonate). The overburden on the property and in the area also contains carbonate. The net result is an alkaline environment and no acid drainage.


Mine Tailings

Production from the Porcupine Nine was processed at a mill located on lot T201 adjacent to Silver Creek. The actual site is unknown. It is likely that the tailings from the mill were dumped directly on the ground adjacent to the site and any tailings reaching the creek were washed downstream. This is the case for the mill for the Beaver Nine, also on Silver Creek where the few tons of tailings remaining near the mill foundations are totally covered by vegetation.

Creswel tested 437 tons using a 50 tpd mill set up at the Porcupine shaft. The tailings were deposited in a 30m x 40m excavated pond located 115m east of the shaft. The embankment surrounding the pond is covered with alders and moose maple. The pond itself contains bullrushes. The bottom of the pond appears to be silt, likely washed in from the sides. The water depth is only 0.5 to 1.5m and the embankment is 1.5 to 2m above the water level. The pond is located in such a position as to receive very little surface runoff. The pond poses no potential hazard.

As explained in the preceding section, the low sulphide content of the veins combined with the high carbonate content of the veins and soils result in an alkaline environment and no acid drainage from the mill tailings.

Foundations

The only concrete foundations on the property are located near the Porcupine shaft and were the site of the Creswel test mill. These foundations have deteriorated to some extent. They are still adequate as bases for light machinery or buildings and will be left for future use.

Plant and Equipment

One steel tank, about 2 m diameter x 4 m long is present on the property. It was abandoned by Creswel. The Porcupine Nine and K3 upper adit are known to contain steel rail. Other mine workings may contain rail. No other plant or machinery is present on the property.

Buildings

There are presently no buildings on the property.

Petroleum Products and Chemicals

No petroleum products or chemicals are on the property.


Closure Plans and Permits

Only two permits are in effect on the property. Both are work permits issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources. One permit is in the name of J. W. Redden and covers mining exploration. The other work permit is held by the Scheurman brothers who are conducting the logging operations on the property.

No other permits are in force on the property. No other permits have been applied for.

No closure plans have been requested or filed.

Only new work permits for mining exploration and logging will be required for 1993.

The owner of the property expects to carry out tree planting operations in the spring of 1994 on his own behalf. Areas which were stripped in 1992 or will be stripped in 1993 will be contoured to suit mining purposes. Discussions with the Ministry of Natural Resources have resulted in their recommendation to replant most areas of exposed mineral soil with red pine. Other areas will be left to regenerate naturally with poplar.


Conclusions

1. The 1992 exploration programme was a success.

2. Large machines such as D-7 or D-8 tractors and Cat 235 backhoes are the most cost effective method for stripping and trenching overburden up to 4m thick.

3. Logging of areas containing trees over 4" in diameter prior to stripping and trenching operations increases the efficiency of the stripping by improving the layout and planning of the stripping, increasing the operators visibility and reducing the hazards of flying timber. It also results in a neater and more ascetically pleasing appearance at the completion of the job.

4. Stripping and trenching of the veins using large machines is a cost effective exploration method.

5. Additional silver occurrences are present.

6. There are more undiscovered veins on the property.

7. Several areas on the property contain closely spaced veins which, if silver values can be proved up, could be mined together as an open pit.

8. The shale is soft and is easily excavated without the need for explosives. This significantly reduces the cost of any stripping.

9. In addition to silver, decorative stone and mineral crystals are potential revenue-generating resources.

10. Shale and diabase from the property may be saleable.

11. Additional exploration work is warranted to further investigate the targets identified to date.

12. Additional exploration work is also warranted to discover additional targets.

13. Underground examinations of all the old workings should be carried out.

14. The occurrence of argentite as films suggests fine crushing may be sufficient for effective cyanide leaching of the silver values. Elimination of the grinding stage would decrease the cost of milling substantially.

15. Analytical techniques should be compared on the same sample as a check. The technique which uses the largest sample size will likely be the most accurate.


Reconmendat ions

A. Line Cutting

1. A conventional grid is not required over the entire property. There is no need to cut a grid over the lowlands. On the higher ground, a conventional grid is not cost effective due to the extra cost and inaccuracies caused by the rugged topography and the lengths of nonproductive line required to cross "dead 1 ground between vein zones.

2. Location accuracy can be assured by tying into the existing survey fabric of the lots. Locating the survey pins and recutting and picketing the lines between the pins will provide the initial control.

3. Most of the vein zones strike northeast to east northeast as do the associated old workings. A picket line cut near and parallel to each set of veins will allow tying in previous and future work with a minimum of cross lines. These picket lines can be extended to survey lines for accurate control. If survey lines are not available, auxiliary lines can be cut between any two known points on survey lines to tie in the picket line.

4. This system will result in less line cutting than would otherwise be required. The picket lines will also serve to indicate whether vein zones are converging or diverging.

B. Geological Mapping

1. The property should be mapped.

2. Areas on strike with known showings are first priority. Reconnaissance mapping should be done first. This will permit locating any picket lines required in the most advantageous positions.

3. Those areas near the shale/diabase contact along the edges of the hills not covered in 1. are second priority. Any additional discoveries should be tied into existing picket lines or if required, new lines.

4. The remaining areas underlain by diabase are third priority. Any discoveries should be tied into existing picket lines or if required, new lines.

5. The topographically lower areas are fourth priority. Very little, if any, outcrop will be found here. The ground should however be covered. Ravines and gullies may be traceable up-slope to a fault zone. Old workings may also be present, but will most likely be on the slopes of the hills.


C. Stripping and Trenching

1. Stripping should be carried out in the area east of the 1992 stripping on the K5 vein. The objective is to determine if the K5 and K6 veins do in fact merge into a single, or two closely parallel veins. A combination of a D-8 and Cat 235 is recommended for this work.

2. Stripping should be carried out westward from the west end of the 1992 stripping on the K5 vein. The objective is to expose the vein and additional silver values. A D-8 is recommended for this work.

3. Stripping should be carried out in the area south of the 1992 stripping on the K5 vein and west of the K6 vein. The objective is to expose the intervening bedrock to ensure full exposure of the two veins for evaluation and sampling. A combination of a D-8 and Cat 235 is recommended for this work.

4. Stripping should be carried out in the area southwest to north of the Silver Creek Mine to expose the veins known and/or interpreted to be present. A combination of a D-8 and Cat 235 is recommended for this work.

5. Stripping should be carried out to continuously expose the K2 vein from the shaft westward until overburden thickness exceeds 4 m to permit evaluation and sampling. A combination of a D-8 and Cat 235 is recommended for this work.

6. Stripping should be carried out in the area of the adit between the K2 and K3 veins to expose the vein. Stripping should be carried out to expose the vein from about 10 m east of the adit and continuously westward until overburden thickness exceeds 4m. A combination of a D-8 and Cat 235 is recommended for this work.

7. Stripping should be extended southward from the 1992 stripping on the P3 vein zone across the valley to the diabase cliff. This will expose any additional veins which may be present. A Cat 235 is recommended for this work.

8. Additional stripping should be done to extend the exposed length of the P3 veins further to the west and to expose the raise reported to be present in this vicinity. This zone has potential as an open pit situation. A D 8 is recomnended for this work.

9. Stripping should be conducted on the zone containing the P4 vein zone to extend the zone for further evaluation. A D-8 is recomnended for this work.

10. A trench should be dug on the south edge of the diabase capped hill along the projected southwesterly strike of the S5 vein. A Cat 235 is recommended for this work.


11. The Wl vein should be stripped from 30m west of the shaft easrward to the 1992 stripping. A Cat 235 is recommended for this work.

12. Wherever possible, logging should be conducted prior to the stripping.

13. Where warranted, stripped and trenched areas should be washed down to simplify and improve the mapping.

14. All areas stripped or trenched should be mapped.

15. Sampling should be carried out as warranted by the results of the mapping.

16. Sumps to provide water storage for washing off the rock should be excavated at convenient sites during the course of the stripping.

17. Additional targets discovered by geological mapping or geophysics should be trenched using a Cat 235 backhoe. Where warranted, follow up stripping and trenching would be done with a combination of D-8 and Cat 235.

Underground Work

1. The Porcupine shaft should be uncovered, the walls secured and the collar covered by a grizzly or similar structure for long term safety. The grizzly will allow for ventilation.

2. The lower adit on the PI vein should then be opened up and examined.

3. Other accessible adits on the property should be opened up and examined.

4. No workings should be opened up until materials required to secure and restrict access to the workings are available on site.

5. An assessment of the requirements for additional work in the old workings should be carried out.

Geophysics

1. Orientation VLF surveys should be carried out to determine the effectiveness of VLF to define veins. Trial lines should be run over known veins to define the response to be expected. Additional lines should then be run on parallel lines along strike to determine the reliability of the technique to identify veins. Trenching should be used to confirm apparent positive VLF results.


2. Orientation magnetic surveys of the vertical field should be carried out to determine the effectiveness of magnetics to define veins. Trial lines should be run over known veins to define the response to be expected. Additional lines should then be run on parallel lines along strike to determine the reliability of the technique to identify veins. The lines should be in areas where at least one wall of the vein is expected to diabase. Trenching should be used to confirm apparent positive magnetic results.

3. Geophysics should be extended where warranted over the property.

Other Recommendations

1. Metallurgical testing should be undertaken to determine the maximum particle size which can be economically processed using a cyanide leach.

2. Inquiries should be made into the use of ion exchange resins instead of carbon or zinc precipitation to recover silver from the cyanide solution.

3. Inquiries should be made into possible additional markets for the shale.

4. Inquiries should be made into possible additional markets for the diabase.

5. A preliminary market survey should be conducted to determine possible outlets for decorative stone production from the property.

6. Preliminary cost figures for open pit mining should be collected to develop some guidelines as to economic stripping ratios for various vein width/tonnage scenarios.

7. Analytical procedures should be investigated to determine the most reliable techniques and procedures for specific and general analyses. Duplicates of every 10th sample should be sent to a different lab for comparison.

8. Work should continue on the property in a systematic manner.


Proposed Exploration Budget Summary (surface exploration only)

Line cutting 4,000Geophysics 10.000Stripping and Trenching 50,000Geological Happing, Sampling 20,000Preliminary Underground Evaluation 10,000Decorative Stone and Misc. Studies 10,000Shutdown 5.000

subtotal 109.000cont i ngency 11.000

Total Cost fi20,000


Present Designation

51

52535455

PI

P2

P3

P4

Wl

W2

Kl K2 K3 K4 K5

K6

Bl B2 B3

Notes

Appendix I

Glossary of Vein Nomenclature

Previous Names

Silver Creek Mine Animikie Mines Ltd. Animikie Mines Ltd. Animikie Mines Ltd. Animikie Mines Ltd. none - new discovery

Vein #19, w- 3 1 - 6'Vein #20. w- l 1 6"Vein #21, w- l 1 6"Vein #22. w- 2 1 - 6 1

Porcupine MineTwin City MineAnimikie Mines Ltd. Vein #8. w- 3'- 5'splay off Porcupine Mine VeinAnimikie Mines Ltd. Vein #9, w- 2'6"Porcupine Junior MineAnimikie Mines Ltd. Vein #10, w- 3'- 5'Animikie Mines Ltd. Vein #11. w- 3"6"30' shaft north of Porcupine MineAnimikie Mines Ltd. Vein #12, w- l'2"

West Beaver Mine Animikie Mines Ltd. Little Pig Vein Animikie Mines Ltd.

Vein #23. w- 3'- 6'

Vein #24. w-4'- 6 1

AnimikieAnimikieAnimikieAnimikieKeystone

MinesMinesMinesMinesMine

Ltd.Ltd.Ltd.Ltd.

VeinVeinVeinVein

#2.#3.#4,#5,

w-w-w-w-

102'3'10

M

106" i

II

Climax MineAnimikieAnimikie

MinesMines

Ltd.Ltd.

VeinVein

#6.#7.

w-w-

5'2'

6 1

- 20

Animikie Mines Ltd. Vein #14, unexposed Animikie Mines Ltd. Vein #15, w- 3'- 5' Badger Mine Animikie Mines Ltd. Vein #16. w- 3'- 6'

Creswel Mines Ltd. used numbering system.

the Animikie Mines Ltd. vein

Widths (w) of veins from Animikie Mines Ltd. map.

Animikie Mines Ltd. Veins #1, 17 and 18 are not on the present property.

Animikie Mines Ltd. Vein #13 is identified as being in the old pit at 0+30W located immediately north of the road to the Porcupine shaft. The vein was never seen by Animikie Mines Ltd. but was only assumed to be present because of the pit. The author does not believe the pit reached bedrock.


Appendix II

Sample Descriptions and Analytical Results

Sample Descriptions

Sample #220046

Select grab, coarse calcite with films of argentite along cleavage and joint planes, from dump, vein K5

Sample #220047

5 kg grab, coarse calcite with seams of fine calcite and quartz, with minor green and purple fluorite, coarse aggregates of sphalerite, discontinuous films of argentite on cleavage and joint planes and also as 0.5 to 1mm grains in fine calcite/quartz seams, from bottom of trench dug in 1930's, vein K5

Sample #220048

4 kg grab, coarse calcite vein with quartz, minor green fluorite, sphalerite, trace of galena, occasional discontinuous films of argentite on cleavage and joint planes, from northern vein within vein P3

Sample #220049

grab, coarse calcite with sphalerite. films of argentite along cleavage and joint planes of calcite and also within sphalerite, from vein K5, 9m west of #220046

Sample #220050

three metre thickness of black shale, typical, thin bedded, occasional pyritic layers, adjacent to lower adit entrance of vein PI

Conventional Analyses

Element Sample Number 220046 220047 220048 220049 220050

Ag (ppm)Au (ppb)ZnCS

313.66 6.12 1.48 294047117.328.127.26

0.051.49

J. W. Redden - Geologist pacre 39

Analytical Results

Whole Rock

Element Detection Limit

SiO2MgOK20A1203CaOTiO2Fe203Na2OP2O5LOI

Total

Sample *220049 4220050

0.010.010.020.010.010.0010.010.020.020.01

14.800.060.080.59

35.870.0310.410.010.17

12.7

63.342.363.44

14.420.480.7726.471.960.275.5

64.8 99.2

ICAP-28 (Note 1)

Element Units

SiAlFeMgCaNaTiPAgAsSbBaBeBiCdCoCrCuHgLaNiMoMnPbSrVWZn

Sample Number 220047 220048 220049 220050

ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm

0.0.0.0.

28.0.0.0.

12^

3152O26O1973O1580

34031753

56<l5

7643

0224420772010104

0100

16000

38<2

1402O132113995O7200933209662615

32009

.02

.26

.67

.23

.73

.28

.03

.04

0.0.0.0.

19.0.0.

<0.MOO6736971

3446136125825<l9819

7793738

7317

465MO*

2934771738160101

07410200144218

9505

113

2189

157<244964

25313

103164

2468

.35

.85

.91

.42

.46

.31

.38

.10

.8

Note 1: HNO3/HC104/HF digestion


Legendtruck roadtractor traillot numbercliff -*-steep slope -*-creek —*—vein, known ——*vein, interpreted ***"~-~geological contact, assumeddiabaseshale

Fig. 2

Sketch Nap of GeologyPorcupine PropertyO'connor and Gillies TownshipsThunder Bay Mining DivisionOntario

scale 1:10,000

y/

.*****- T** p

H V

3*0 x 'f* 8' r*0*S"

/2-*0

100"

*-^.~~~lf. 4f f'

f/eta'

f

i

t'

7*70

l

V f)

it S '

Fig. 3 Location Sketches

1992 Stripping Lots T95, T140 fit T145

Porcupine Property Thunder Bay Mining Division

Ontario not to scale

Of/fro'

z-oo

/X 00

000'

Fig. 4Location Sketches

1992 StrippingLot T96

Porcupine Property Thunder Bay Mining Division

Ontario not to scale

xLegend

tractor

road

steep

slop

e outcrop

tren

ch,

pit

adit entrance

open

cut

Silver C

reek M

ine

Area

Vein

s SI,

32 d

35

Lot

T95

Porcupine

Property

Thunder

Bay Mining D

ivision

Ontario

scale

1: 1000

diabase

d k

shal

e s A

ve

in,

observed

—K—

vein

, in

terp

rete

d — *?—

ou

tlin

e of

st

ripp

ing

area

*.

~-

geological contact, observed

,—-

j*,- -y*_________________

V

0.wT^

ffm

-v?7*i

if*"

1 '

o — —

OJW

s

S'S

/'S

o+qo

•W

4—

—

^^"^C

'tlT

p M

**"

x ^H

If

l*

i;!

o#

\N

\ l /~*~

*.^V

-"-^

-

x

\ \\\s

^^

t

x

x ^

\

V—— —— V ? —

Legend

truc

k road

trac

tor

road

steep

slope,

cl

iff

intermittent

st

ream

outl

ine

of cleared

area

tail

ings

pon

dou

tcro

pstripped a

rea

base li

neold

pit

/.V.::

:

st.

Fig. 6

Porcupine

Mine

Are

aVeins

PI

6, P4

Lot T96

Porcupine

Prop

erty

Thunder

Bay

Mining D

ivis

ion

Ontario

scal

e 1:

10

00

trench

adit

entrance

shaf

toverburden

diab

ase

41,

•••**

shal

e s h

z j

-s

geological contact, interpreted

—,—,

*. w-

vein,

know

n/ob

serv

ed——

vein,

interpreted

O

-r—

x,-'

*-"n l * M tt

X

H

l l

' ' \ \ ^

\ \

/xA

\ \ \ x ^M

v ^

^)

4*t*

f \

\ ^

*,*

":i'j

*i *

V*cj

..-

^ :.

e

J'jf* 9^*4 tf**

•f ff\V^

**"

A^--r\

\\

\\

!\

1 l

ty

l^---

:^r -

- *" " "

Lege

nd

truck

road

tr

acto

r road

clif

f ou

tcro

p ou

tline

of st

ripp

ing

outline

of

1930

's mining

vein

, observed

vein,

inte

rpre

ted

Fig. 7

Keystone M

ine

Area

Ve

ins

K5 k

K6

Lot

T145

Porc

upin

e Pr

oper

ty

Thun

der

Bay Mi

ning

Division

Onta

rio

scale

1:10

00

ns —

shaft

st

s s r s

diabase

- rf

l ^.

shale

5^

T2

sili

cifi

ed

5^/

-*.

. over

burd

en

ob*

{.:.V.

'. sa

mple lo

cati

on,

samp

le number

A^r

...y...

geol

ogic

al co

ntac

t, observed

*.--

— yf— .

geological contact, in

terp

rete

d —,—

tP*

j**(

, fi

*^

yi

x

^ -*

'-

; t '

l 'l

l l

Fig.

8

Veins

K2 f

c K3

Lot

T145

Porc

upin

e Property

Thun

der

Bay Mi

ning

Div

isio

n On

tari

o scale

1: 1000

Legend

trac

tor

road

irrr

steep

slop

e .*.

ou

tlin

e of

st

ripp

ing

^--*-

outcrop

fjshaft

madit en

tran

ce

;di

abas

e dk

shale

shve

in,

observed

-P-y

—ve

in,

interpreted

— v?

—

r f f f e

e^/

V"""'x''"

Vtitnm,

s *i

fc i. w'w

1*.

"'

"' ;

- - -

x *

l

' J

.

SHAFT

MAIN

ADIT

1st

LEVEI

J 2nd

LEVEI

3rd

LEVEI

180'

Summ

ary

of Sampling b

y Creswel

Mine

s Lt

d.

Main A

dit

Leve

l (1st L

evel

)-

16.7 o

z./t

on A

g, wi

dth

- 1.6'.

length -

55'

- hi

gh b

ack

area O

to 23

0 oz./ton

Ag

2nd

Level

- fr

om s

haft to

14

0' ea

st of

sh

aft

- 20.53

oz./

ton

Ag,

width

- 2.28V

- fr

om s

haft to

25

0' we

st of

shaft

- 22.5 o

z./ton A

g, wi

dth

- 2.38',

- from 8

0' to 25

0' we

st of

shaft

- 31.06

oz./ton

Ag.

width

- 3'

10"

- 20

' raise

210' we

st of

sh

aft

- 3.

043.

9 oz./ton

Ag,

width

- 6",

- 394.5

oz./

ton

Ag,

widt

h -

3',

length ?

length -

140'

leng

th -

250'

leng

th -

17

0'

length ?

Fig.

9

Porc

upin

e Mine (V

ein

PI)

Longitudinal Se

ctio

n (a

s of

July

1969)

scal

e 1:

1200

RPT ON THE PORCUPINE PROP

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Transcript of RPT ON THE PORCUPINE PROP