Monday 1-17-16Agenda1. Go over quiz2. RNA lesson

Objectives• Compare & Contrast

DNA & RNA• Model how DNA is used

as a template to create a strand of RNA and how is RNA used to make a protein

As always…UnderlineGreen

RNA

Review A

C

G

T

T

C

T

G

C

A

A

G

DNA strand:

DNA strands separate

Fill in the new Fill in the new bases for the bases for the strand on the strand on the rightright

A

C

G

T

T

C

Fill in the new Fill in the new bases for the bases for the strand on the strand on the leftleft

T

G

C

A

A

G

This is DNA REPLICATION

Big Idea #1RNA is a transcript of 1 gene in the DNA.

Quick Check• Which molecule is longer: DNA or

RNA?

• Why do you think that?

Did you know…• Snakes are true carnivores because

they eat nothing but other animals. They do not eat any type of plant material.

Big Idea #2

RNA is a single stranded chain of nucleotides

RNA has ribose sugarThe nitrogen bases are:C G A

U (uracil)

Quick Check• List as many differences

between DNA and RNA as you can.

Big Idea #3• RNA is made by

transcription in the same basic way that DNA is made.

Practice Transcription• DNA strand:A A G A C C T G T

Make the complimentary mRNA strand

U U C U G G A C A

Make it just like Make it just like you make DNAyou make DNA

EXCEPTEXCEPT

Use a Use a UU wherever you wherever you would normally would normally put a Tput a T

Whiteboard practiceTCCGTA

AGGCAT

DNA strands separate

Write what Write what the RNA the RNA would be would be based on based on the DNA the DNA strand on strand on the leftthe left

AGGCAU

This is RNA TRANSCRIPTION

Can you name the 7 dwarfs?

•Bashful•Doc•Sleepy

•Sneezy•Grumpy•Dopey•Happy

Big Idea #4There are 3 kinds of RNA

mRNAm= messengerThis is the copy of the DNA gene

rRNAr= ribosomalThis kind are the ribosomes

tRNAt = transfercarries the amino acid to the ribosomes to build the protein.

Whiteboard check What kind of RNA is shaped like a T? What kind of RNA carries the message

from the DNA? What kind of RNA carries amino acids

to the ribosomes? What kind of RNA makes up

ribosomes? What kind of RNA reads the genetic

code?

Read the following

See Her He’s You Knee Flied

COMPARE AND CONTRAST

Proteins

Big Idea #1• Proteins

are made of amino acids

Quick Check• Proteins are made of building blocks

called amino acids

• What are the building blocks of nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA?

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Big Idea #2The order of amino acids determines the type of protein

Quick Check• There are 20 amino acids• There are 26 letters in the alphabet

• How many different words can you make from these letters:

E T A B

Big Idea #3• A codon is a group of 3

nucleotides that codes for 1 amino acid

3

1

Whiteboard check• How many codons are in this strand of

mRNA?

ACUUCGCAAGGGCUCGCA

6

1 2 3 4 5 6

Big Idea #4Using the mRNA to make a protein is called translation

This occurs at a ribosome

Brain ExercisesLittleLittleLateLate

COF FEE

1XToo little, too late

Coffee break

Once upon a time

Codons• 64 different codons • 20 amino acids• Genetic code is redundant: Example: GGU,

GGC, GGA, and GGG all code for glycine.

– What does UUU make? – What does AGC make? – What does GUA make?

phenylalanine

serine

valine

Building a protein

• Step 1: transcribe DNA to make mRNA

• Step 2: mRNA moves out of the nucleus to a ribosome

Building a protein• In the cytoplasm are all the things that

are needed to make a protein– Ribosomes– tRNAs– Amino acids

• Step 3:– rRNA (ribosome)

reads mRNA one codon at a time

• Step 4– tRNAs bring the right amino acid for each codon in the

mRNA

This is called translation

• Step 5– As the amino acid chain grows, it begins to fold

and twist, turning it into a protein