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Transcript of Right to Water. PERCIK. Indonesia Water and Sanitation Magazine 3rd Edition 2010
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7/31/2019 Right to Water. PERCIK. Indonesia Water and Sanitation Magazine 3rd Edition 2010
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Care About the People? Think About Water and Sanitation!
3rd Edition, 2010
Information Media of Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation
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Informaton Media on Water Supply andEnvironmental Sanitaton
Published by:Water Supply and Environmental Sanitaton
Working Group
(WSES Working Group)
Responsible Person
ousing and Selement Director of Bappenas
Environmental Sanitaton Director of the
Health Ministry
Water Supply Development Director of the
Public Work Ministry
atural Resources Improvement and EfficientTechnology Director of Domestc Affair
Ministry
irector of Spatal and Environmental Facili-
taton of the Domestc Affair Ministry
Head of editorial staff
Oswar Mungkasa
Editorial Staff
Maraita Listyasari
Nugroho Tri Utomo
Managing Editor
Eko Budi Harsono
Design and Producton
Agus Sumarno
Sofyar
Circulaton/Secretariat
Agus Syuhada
Nur Aini
Editorial Address
Jl. RP Soeroso 50, Central Jakarta,
Ph/Fax: (021) 31904113
Website: hp//www.ampl.or.id
e-mail: [email protected]
Editors accept external papers/artcle
oncerning water supply and environmentalsanitaton.
able of
ContentsFrom the Editor ....................... 3
Your Voice ....................... 4
Main Report
UN General Assembly Legalized Human Right to water Resoluton . 5
Right to water as Human Right ................. 10
Regulaton
Law No 39 Year 1999 on Human Right .............. 14
Agenda
Internatonal Ant Poverty Day, the Difficult Access to Water Supply and
Environmental Sanitaton as Part of Poverty .......... 16
Discourse
Nuisance on Right to water and Housing (first paper) ....18
The State Must Guarantee the Peoples Right to water .......................... 24
Care about the People? Think about Water Supply
and Environmental Sanitaton! ..... 28
Interview
Nugroho Tri Utomo, Housing and Selement Director of Bappenas ... 31
Hamong Santono, KRUHA ..................... 34
A Patra M Zen, YLBHI Director .................... 36Innovaton
Oxidaton Technology for Water Supply ................ 38
Clay, an Effectve Media to Clear Muddy Peat Moss Water ...... 41
Different Side
Islam Sharia as Soluton ........................ 45
Reportage
Public Dialogue on the Lookout for Water Conflict
Water Conflict Needs to be Antcipated by the Local Government ...46
30% Toddlers Death Due to Poor Sanitaton ...............48
HCTPS Workshop for Elementary School Teachers of DKI Jakarta
Only Three Percent of the Populaton Are Using Soap to Wash Hands 49Water Politc Must be the Concern of Local Government ...... 50
Synergy of WSES Networking Program and GBCI ............. 53
Guidance
Numbers of Technology to Acquire Water Supply ......... 54
CD Info ............................. 55
Books Info ......................... 56
Website Info ......................... 57
WESE Literatures ........................ 58
Facts
US$ 150 Billion is Required To Prevent Worlds Water Crisis ...... 59
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Edisi III, 2010
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From theEditor
POKJA
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4
Internship at Percik MagazineI would like to introduce myself. My
name is Muhammad Chaidir. Im a college
student of Communicaton Science of Reli-
gious Moestopo University in Jakarta. I have
read Percik magazine at the college library
and seen the content as well as several issues
that specifically discussing Water Supply and
Environmental Sanitaton (WSES) which was
provided in simple, smart, and concise as to
challenge me to take my Final Assignmentin relaton of the media functon that youre
managing in reference to the WSES develop-
ment in Indonesia.
I am hoping that the editors of Percik
Magazine will give me an opportunity to
perform research for my final assignment
on the Functon of Internal Media in Gov-
ernment Program of WSES Development
Acceleraton. If it is possible, I will send my
covering leer from my college and my Final
Assignment Proposal. Thank you very much.
Greetng for Percik.Muhammad Chaidir
Moestopo University Jakarta
Thank you for your kind aenton and
your trust on Percik Magazine. Please send
your formal request to perform research. We
will gladly help you. Greetng from Percik.
Lets Respect WaterWho can live without water? Water is
very useful in our daily lives at the moment.
When we feel hot and dirty afer daily actvi-tes, we utlize water for showering. We then
drink water whenever we are thirsty, and
there are much more proof of our depen-
dency on water.
Water is so common in our lives that we
took it for granted. We only realized it when
were facing difficultes to acquire clean
water. When water pipes are experiencing
disturbance, and the water came out dirty
and muddy, we will be bothered. What will
happen if we can no longer enjoy water?
Drought, aside from the disastrousflood has happened
b e -
cause of the greedy and ignorance nature of
the earths creature.
So powerful is water in our lives, thus
take a very good care of that water, and use
it wisely. Moreover, water strength will in-
crease and bring positve effect on our body
if prior to using the water, such as before we
drink, we pray beforehand. This was proven
by a Japanese professor with his research on
water that will alter its texture and crystal
according to the conditon of the user. There-
fore, utlize the positve strength of water by
using it carefully.
Rini Utami Azis
Solo, Central Java
Growing Crisis ofWater Liberalizaton
Liberalizaton wave seems to be inevi-
table anymore. All aspects of our lives must
submit to internatonal agreements which
only concern is big capital owners.
Discriminaton in water privatzaton has
been revealed. One proof of policy that is
against the people is when water become
business, thus it has become more than
moving to gain profit, but also to te and be-
guile others as to bow down to it, to those
who have power over it. Water management
is no longer considering water management
in system as to provide fair, impartal, and af-
fordable water service for the populaton.
Water is the basic needs of human, thus
it can not be commercialized as peoples ba-
sic needs, as guaranteed in verse 33 of the
Consttuton (UUD 1945). For example, in
Batam, elite estates become the first priority,
while populaton of other regions with lesser
economic status and slump areas, such as
Teluk Lenggung, Pungur, are lef behind and
stll consuming well water, which according
to the test result of the Health Department,
is not feasible to be consumed due to the
high number of bacteria and under the pH
standard. Meanwhile, water treatment in-
stallaton (IPA) was built only several meters
from their house.
The growing number of suicide rate due
to the high life pressure is another issue.How come the government is stll not paying
aenton to the basic rights such as water,
educaton and health? Did the people asked
too much? All they need is for their rights to
be completed. To cry, they will think twice,
because it would mean wastng tears.
Once again, we must be very careful when
dealing with water. One wrong step will not
only cost one life, but also the future of our
children and grandchildren.
Mafuhah
Menteng, Jakarta
Do Not Reusethe Plastc Bole
Water plastc boles and glasses are
ofen being reuse. In fact, those boles and
glasses are ofen used over and over again.
Actually, the package (boles and glasses) is
only for one tme use. There is health stan-
dard that must be complied by the produc-
ers. This standard was meant to minimize
the number of bacteria in the package.
When the seal is broken, the bole
should not be reused, because those plastc
boles and glasses were made from poly-
ethylene terephtalate or PET that contain
carcinogen (causing cancer). The substance
is hazardous to the human health if it was
swallowed. Through series of bole steril-
izaton standard, when its sealed, the sub-
stance is inactve. The number of bacteria in
the package is guaranteed to comply with
the tolerance threshold.
However, do not make mistake, for these
boles were not only made of PET, but also
PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride), and this is far more
hazardous because it can cause acid rain
when it is being burned. PVC even has haz-
ard potencies for liver, heart and weight. The
change from PVC to PET has actually started
since the year 1988. Hopefully, there will be
no more factories using PVC.
Reusing plastc boles and glasses cause
the carcinogenic substance to dissolve in
the water we drink. If we have to reuse the
boles and glasses, we must wash them first
with soap containing disinfectant or ant bac-
terial. Household soaps have complied with
the standard.Wahyu, Surabaya
t
ause oc
YourVoice
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Edisi III, 2010
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UN General Assembly Legalized Resolution of
Human Rights on Water
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Water Right and Right to Water
Comprehension on Water Right and Right to Water is ofen blur; both
terms are ofen interpreted to be the same in Bahasa Indonesia, as
Right on Water. Nevertheless, the two terms have significant difference.
The power to aained water from nature is ofen said as Water Right has the
following meaning:
Aaining or divertng and utlizing magnitude of water from natural
sources.
Collectng magnitude of water from water sources into one place, such as
dam or other structure, or Using the water on its natural sources.
Water Right is a tool issued by a country as a water mastering insttuton
to individuals or company who legally termed as licences, permissions,
authorisatons, consents and concessions to utlize water. Water right in
economic term is used as a tool to aain retributon of water utlizaton.
The above term is obviously different with Right to Water as meant in
Human Rights Studies. The law that consttutes Water Right assumes that water
is a commodity requires law protecton from those who master it. Water Right
can be understood as the Right to Aain Water. The difference is that water
is a necessity (to have) and water as a right. The Right to Water (water as a
right) emphasizes more on water as an inseparable part of a dignified human
life, therefore Right to Water is absolute and therefore it is mandatory for theCountry to acknowledge.
ISTIMEWA
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Edisi III, 2010
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Edisi III, 2010
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Human Right Directorate General, Harkristut Harkrisnowo:
Numbers of Problems in the Water SectorHave Come to Government Aenton
In the Workshop of Right to Water
that was held by WSES Working Group at
Bogor, Human Right Directorate General,
Harkristut Harkrisnowo in her wrien
speech that was read by Human Right
Cooperaton Director, Dimas Samudera Rum
said that water is an absolute necessity in
every living creatures life. Without water,
no life can survive. However in reality, the
world is experiencing problems with regard to water due to various
factors, such as rapid growth of world populaton, and current
unsustainable water management.
It was also said in the speech that numbers of internatonal
policies regarding right to water have been issued such as CEDAW
(Conventon on the Eliminaton of All Forms of Discriminaton
Against Women), CRC (Conventon on the Rights of the Child) and
ICESCR (Internatonal Covenant on Civil and Politcal Rights and
Internatonal Conventon on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights).Also included UN ECOSOC DECLARATION (Economic, Social, and
Cultural Declaraton) on November 2002.
While Indonesia has acknowledged enttlement of the basic right
since the beginning in basic Consttuton of UUD 1945 Chapter 33
statng that Earth, water along with its natural wealth is mastered
by the country and utlize for the welfare of the people. Thus, it
is the task of the country to guarantee water provision for every
citzen.
ISTIMEWA
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Laporan Utama
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Te Importance of Rightto Water as Human RightW z , y
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Edisi III, 2010
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Main PrincipleT
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Misunderstandingof Right to Water
Water as Human Right does not
mean.
that water is provided free for
all.
that all house must be served
through direct connecton evenwhen it isfinancially not feasible.
that the government itself must
provide service without delegatng
the task to other non government
partes
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vv ffi y fi v w y v. F-, v yw fi .
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Main Report
. I ,
Prominent PractceBelgia. Social fund is introduced
and funded through the source of wa-ter levy. Social fund income is beingused by social insttuton to cover ser-vice cost of the lowest income people.Other than that, free water consump-ton was given as much as 15 m3 per
family.Poto Alegre, Brazil. Public compa-
ny as the water supply service providerapplies partcipatve budget planning
process. In public meetngs, everyoneis free to speak regarding budget pri-ority. This model has generated dra-matc increment in drinking water ac-cess to low income community.
South Africa. Every drinking wa-ter service provider insttuton musthave consumer service unit to receiveevery complaints. Water Ministry is
prerequisite to have a natonal infor-maton system which is accessible tothe people.
Frequently Asked Queston Is 20 liter per capita per day is sufficient to fulfill human right? NO. 20 liters per capita per day is
the minimum but not yet fulfill the requirement in relaton of the health aspect. To meet that,
the minimum requirement is between 50 to 100 liters per capita per day.
Is fund to achieve water requirement fulfillment really an obstacle? NO. It is true that large
amount of fund is required. However, it has been proven that the cost of insufficient water sup-
ply is even greater, in form of decreasing health quality of the people, loosing productve tme
and schools absence. Moreover, the fund requirement is not necessarily to be met immediately,
but accordingly to the capacity of each government.
Is everyone, even those who live in remote areas are prerequisite to have access through the
piping system? NO. Government must only ensure that everyone have access to qualified (in
term of availability, access, affordability, quality) access, however every region requires different
services in accordance with each regions requirement.
Does the government must provide free water? NO. Human rights only guarantess that drinking
water must be affordable and not preventng other human rights such as food, housing, and
health.
Does human right forbid private involvement in the water supply service? NO. Human right did
not consttute certain form of water supply service. However, government must ensure, through
regulaton, monitoring, and reportng procedure, that all providers (public and private) do not
violate human rights.
Does enttlement of right to water as human right encouraged water supply fulfillment? YES.
Among other factors, human right stabilized the law framework which depicted right and obliga-
ton, and encourage more aenton toward the poor, and non-discriminatve services. Human
rights urge the people to be actvely involved.
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Edisi III, 2010Edisi III, 2010
Definiton and Characteristcs of Human Right
Human right is basic rights own by human, in accor-
dance with its nature, given directly by God. When these
rights are ignored, it is impossible for the human to live
as people. Officially in chapter 1 of Law No 39 Year 1999
on Human Right it is stated that Human Right is a set
of rights that closely relate to the nature and existence
of human as the creature of God and represents His ut-
most grace that must be respected, upheld, and pro-
tected by the country, law, government and all people,
for the honor and protecton of
humans dignity.
Based on the above formula-
ton of Human Right, some con-
clusion can be made, namely (i)
Human Right was not necessar-
ily be given, bought, or inherited.
Human right is an automatc part
of being human; (ii) Human right
is applicable to all without dis-criminatng gender, race, religion,
ethnic, politcal view, or social and
citzenship origin; (iii) Human right
cannot be violated. No one has the
right to restrain or violate others
right. People resume to have hu-
man right, even when the country
made laws that are against human
right (Mansyur Fakih, 2003).
In essence, Human Right con-
sists of two most fundamental basic rights, which are
equality right and freedom right. Of the two basic rights,
other rights were formulated, or without the two, other
human rights will be difficult to enforce.
The Development of Human Right Forethought
The development of Human Right forethought in the
world is initated in Magna Charta on the year 1215 in
England, that among others includes the thinking that
the king who once hold an absolute power (king made
the law, but he himself is bonded by the very law he
made), is now have less power and can be held respon-
sible in the eyes of the law (Mansyur Effendi, 1994). The
birth of Magna Charta is then followed by a more con-
crete development by the birth of Bill of Rights in Eng-
land in the year 1689. At the tme, an adage has arisen,
with the main thinking that all human are equal in the
eyes of the law (equality before the law). Next devel-
opment of Human Right was marked by The American
Declaraton of Independence that was born of Rousseau
and Montesquuiei concept. It is then confirmed that
human is free since they were stll
in their mothers abdomen, thus
it is illogical when afer they were
born they must be chained.
Next in the year 1789 a French
Declaraton was born where stp-
ulaton of right is further define
as stated in the Rule of Law which
among others statng that there
can be no arrest without legalexcuse. In that maer, the prin-
ciple of presumpton of innocent
(where those who were arrested,
then imprisoned and accused,
have the right to resume inno-
cent, untl proven otherwise in
the court of law) is applied. In the
French Declaraton all rights have
been included, namely the rights
that guarantee the growth of de-
mocracy and law country with previously established
principles. Furthermore, it is also important to know
the Four Freedoms of President Roosevelt that was es-
tablished on January 6th 1941.
All of these rights afer World War II (where Hitler
annihilated millions of lives) were made to be the foun-
daton of thoughts in formulatng the universal nature
of Human Rights, which beer known as The Uni-
versal Declaraton of Human Rights that was es-
tablished by the UN in 1948.
A Brief Look on Human Rights
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14
Regulation
S f, hum ih hs b mm i
m h l. Ev s, vy ks
f su h i ms. Hum ih is bsi
ih h ully hd hum; i is uivsl
d imishbl, hus ds b d, sd,
miid, d b id, dud, k
by y.
Mhil, sh s, Idsi l
s mmb f h Uid Ni h bs ml
d ll ssibiliy uhld d imlm
h Uivsl Dli f Hum Rih h ssblishd by h Uid Ni, d h vius
iil isums i li hum
ih, hs siusly issud Idsi Rubli
Plim D N XVII/MPR/1998 Hum
Rih. Mv, m f hum ihs hs
bsilly sd i diff ls, iludi ls h
sblishd vius iil vi hum
ih. Hv, mmd ll f h xisi
ulis, i is ssy sblish L N 39 Y
1999 Hum Rih.I his l, hum ih is lly dfid s s
f ihs h s hd hums u d
xis s Gds u, d ss His ums
h mus b sd, uhld, d d by
h uy, l, Gvm, d vy f h
h f hums diiy.
T l blssd by si d
illi hih iv hm h biliy diffi
b d d bd, hih ill fuh ld
d di hi i d iud
d lif.
Wih hi illi d si, hum
hv h fdm did f hmslvs hi i
bhvi. Fuhm, bl h fdm,hum sill hv h biliy ssibl f ll f
hi is.
I is his bsi fdm d ihs h s dfid
s hum ih h ully hd hum s
fm Gd. Ts ihs b
did. Dil f hs ihs ms dil
f hum diiy. Tf, y uy,
vm, izi blid
kldd d hum ih
ll hum ihu xi. Tis uld mh hum ih mus lys b h f i,
d h l f imlmi h lif f mmuiy,
i, d uy.
I li ih h bv siv, Psil s h
fudi f his uy iluds h huh h
hum d by Gd hld ss, mly
idividul d sil ss. Tf, h fdm f
vy is limid by hs hum ih. Tis ms
h vy bs blii kldd d
s h ls hum ih.
T blii is ls libl f vy
izi y lvl, silly uy d
vm. Tus, uy d vm ssibl
s, , dfd, d u hum ih
f vy iiz d l ihu disimii.
T blii s hum ih is fld i
h Pmbl f UUD 1945 h isis h hl
hs i is bdy, silly i li iizs
quliy i l d v, ih k d livi, fdm ssi d h, ih
xss huhs vblly d i, fdm hld
lii d shi dily ih hi lii
d blifs, ih iv dui d hi.
T bsi hiki h sblishm f h L
is s flld:
. Gd Almihy is h u f h uivs d
vyhi i i;
b. Bsilly, hum is blssd ih sul, fm,
suu, biliy, illiss d h s byhi u hi lifs iuiy;
Law No 39 Year 1999on Human Rights
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15
Edisi III, 2010
. , mii, d imv hum
diiy, ilm d i f hum
ih is quid, f ihu i, ill ls
his u d diiy, s div him b
lf f h l (hm hmii luus);
d. Bus hum is sil u, s hum
ih is limid by hs hum ih, hf,
fdm hum ih is ihu limi;
. Hum ih b limid by y
ud y iumss;
f. Evy hum ih is blii s
h hum ih, hus i hum ih, h
bsi blii;. Hum ihs d b uly sd,
d, d fd, d hus, vm,
uys ffi ils, d h ubli fuiis
hv blii d ssibiliy u
imlmi f s, i, d
fm f hum ihs.
Wihi his l, hum ih s d
ih h uid f Uid Ni Hum Rih
Dli, Cvi h Elimii f All
Fms f Disimii Ais Wm, Cvi h Rihs f h Child, d h iil
Isums h ul hum ih.
Ts ls sifilly ul h ih liv d
h ih ffully limid d/ killd,
ih hv fmily d iu ds, ih
dvl slf, ih jusi, ih sl fdm,
ih sfy, ih lf, ih ji i h
v, m ih, hild ih, d ih f
lii fdm. Oh h uli f hum ih,
bsi blii, l ih sk d ssibiliy f
h vm is ls d i li f hum
ih ifm.
I his l, ubli iii i h fm f
mlis d/ lim vili f hum ih,
sl hi f liy fmuli i li ih
hum ih Hum ih Nil Cmmissy,
sh, dui, d dissi ifmi
hum ih.
T l f Hum Rih is h umbll f llhum ih ulis. Tf, bh di d
idi vili f hum ih ill b sid
s imil , ivil , d/ dmiisiv i
d ih h l d ulis.
T l siss f 11 hs d 106 sis.
Hv, h vss h dily d
h fulfillm f husi, d viml
sii is sifid i
. Si 9 sd h (1) Evy hv h ih
liv, dfd hi livs d imv hi
livi; (2) Evy hv h ih s,
sf, ful, hy, d hysil d ml
siy; (3) Evy hv h ih ll
d hlhy vim.
b. Si 11 sd h vy hv h ih fulfill hi bsi quims i d
d dvld ly.
. Si 40 sd h vy hv h ih
husi d livi.
Law No 11 Year 2005 on International
Legalization of Covenant on Economic,
Social, and Cultural Rights
Tis v fims d dfis Hum
Rihs is i h ss f mi, sil, dulul f h Uivsl Dli f Hum Rihs
(DUHAM) ihi is l-bidi siulis. T
v siss f mbl d 31 sis.
Cv Pmbl mids h uis f hi
blii di h UN Ch imv
d Hum Rihs, mids idividuls
hi blii k hd f h imvm
d izi f Hum Rih s uld i his
Cv i li ih h idividuls d is
mmuiis, d kldd h, i d
ih DUHAM, i is h fuu l f m kid
jy ivil d liil fdm, d f fm f
d shmi, hih ly b hivd h
dii is sblishd f vy b bl
jy hi mi, sil, d ulul ihs, s
ll s hi ivil d liil ihs.
Of h 31 sis f his , suly d
viml sii is siuld i f
si 11, hih is ih livisdd. (OM)
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16
Agenda
POKJA
O O 17 vy y, w
T
I Dy E
Pvy. Pvy v
I
x, . T ffi
w q v
w y
vy. W H Oz
(WHO) 95 w w vy
1,2 w .
A w, O 17 1987, v 100
v
P, F, xy w Uv
D H R w
y 1948, w fl
v x vy, v, ,
ffi w
vyw w.
T, ,
UN N 47/196
D 22 1992, w O 17
I Dy E Pvy, w
w y w
. O 2010, w z
y w G C A
Pvy (GCAP) .
O S 2000, v 189
v Nw Y MS w y UN. T
M D 8
j v
y y
2015. T j vy
x (w w
1,25 USD/y), v ,
qy w w, fi
y HIV AIDS ,
y , v , v y
Internatonal Day of Eradicaton for Poverty
Difficult Access to Water Supply and
Sanitaton as Poverty Indicator
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17
Edisi III, 2010
v. W
v, j w , w
vy.S UN v vy
, w M
Dv G (MDG) w
UN y 2000 w
w vy y y 2015. A UN,
I MDG 2004.
I MDG , w w,
fi vy, , ,
v, qy.
Hwv, y , w y
MDG I, y,vy v-
. W
v
y, w
x vy
x. P
.
C
y I
fiy ,
v ffi y
q w y
v, y
v w ,
H H C P F,
M Wjy P.
E, , ffi w
y vy. N
qy w y
wy , qy
w ffi .
v fi v vyy
w w v
, fl . T y
fi MDG
.
H, v z
w v
vy v ,
y w .L, UN G Ay O 17
I Dy Pvy E,
w ff v.
In Indonesia
Pvy E Dy
v I, L, M,
G, Cj, y, Pw. I
B L, 50 v SRMI
v w A ffi
L K Gv. Ty wy-
y z
, y vy .
U , B L y
H HN w v SRMI v. T My
y
SRMI, y ,
,
(
fi KP;
y fi KK;
fi), w
z y
2011.I y, Jw
B, SRMI v
v
v ffi
z
(R)
(PKL) . P q
y
Pv Gv Jw B.
T w G, Jw
B, w A
v y w y,
y . I Cj, Jw B,
300 SRMI v v ffi
(DPRD). P q
, w
y w.
Aj , Cj
v
, w I
W (KI) . (E/Ifi.)
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ISTIMEWA
(First Paper)
Discourse
Dr Cekli Setya Pratiwi, SH.,LL.M.
I Cv E S R ( w CESCR)v T I B
R w x w, , , , y.R v w v q
v w, , ,
, , qy v . I w , I B R v v w , , , y 1966CESCR. CESCR y v w, v , v, y v, v , . R v w vw w w.
C v CCPR, , w
18
Matter of Right toWater and on Housing
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Edisi III, 2010
fi , -j, fi vy. Hwv, w
B R y w y DUHAM 1948, w v z v v W C H R y 1993 y H R, y CCPR CESCR v q . UN G Ay N 32/130 D 1977 :() A v ; q
v , , v , , ; () T z v w jy , ; v
ffv v, z y P 1968.
I y 2002, C E, S C R G C N 15, fiy v 11 12 I Cv E, S
C R, w .I , C w y fi w w. R v, , v, w fi q w q.
I w y
, y q v.F fi
w z.
T, v v-, w , , q q y ,z, ; fi v wfi , y . T, fi, , ,
y y.H, , , , , ,
q y vv, vy fi, v; w CESCR y UN GAy 2200 A (XXI)R D 1966
Jy 31976. Ev y, CESCR fi y 143 , CESCRx yw, y
w w fi.
II. Assessing Guaranteeof Right on Housing and to Water in Positive
LawD w w, w w w I vq . O w , qy w vyN Lw, I I yw w w
I Lw y y v
19
w
Edisi II, 2010
that right
to water is
something
that cannot be
apart from other
human rights
w
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20
w. I fi yvw y N Lw
I Lw ; q, Lw , w , v fi I Lw, v w y y y y y, fi w y y Lw.
W j , w
v y w,j I
I A y w w y x,yz/ wv v v . I v w , , , I ffi y T 1966I Cv E, S
C R (CESCR) fi Lw N 12 Y2005 Lz
I Cv E, S C R. Cqy, 2005
I y w y vy w w v; w fi , , .
T x v y w,w w CESCR y w ? O , S
11 V (1) CESCR : T S P Cv z vy q v y, q , , v v. T S P w z , z ff
.I v CESCRS 11 V (1) vy y fi v (I), z vy z v q
, yv v . T w z
z vy z v , q , , , v y w , , , fi CESCR v 1986 L 1997 M , v j w I, v w
v, w v .
1. I R w C
w.I
Discourse
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21
Edisi III, 2010
N P R F, I
y CESCR I , z, w w. Nv, fi . w I CESCR fi fi , , y w w z w
y (UUD 1945) w, v v, v yz w CESCR ; v x, w w w CESCR v ff.
Rvw UUD 1945 - w I-
, , -y S A A 18 2000, vH R- S v .UUD 1945 - H R v S28; y wy . Hw-
v, w S 28 y y w wy fi CE-SCR y 2005 q vw.
W , UUD 1945y S 28H V (1) :Evy v v y- yy y-, v y, jy y v, v v.
T
v CESCR S 11 V (1) v q , , w S 28H V (1)
y ff S 28H y .
I x , y y fi y v y v.I w , w , w y w v y ; w w y .
I
I, y vy v y vy v , y w y, , .
O z y v. IUUD 1945, y v
y q . Ty vy ff w w CESCR fiy vy y z q .
T, I y fiCESCR y z v -w q (w) q -
. T S28H UUD 1945 y
It cannot be denied thatIndonesias courage in
ratifying CESCR is one ofIndonesias recognitionfor rights on economic,
social and cultural of itscitizen
U
It cannot
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22
x S 9 Lw N 39 Y 1999 w w fi
( y S 28 ).I Lw N 39 Y 1999 H R,y F P, R Lv S 9V (1), (2), (3) w :
(1) Evy v v, v v ;
(2) Evy v ,, , yy y ;
(3) Evy v
y v.I v v v CESCR S 11 V (1), v v q ,, . Ev , Ex P Lw, fi fi v v . T,
Lw N 39 Y 1999 H RLw I w x S 28 UUD 1945 v vy w vy v, w, x w q , .
S 9 V (1), (2), (3) H R Lw w y
v v , x w ,, . I w, y vy v w , UUD 1945 H R Lwv y w
CESCR S11 V (1).
Mw, w y v
, y v v ff .
2. Countrys Effort to DisengagedResponsibility in Fulfilling Rightto WaterW w w, UUD 1945
S 33 v (2) - w y v v y v-
y y, vy - I w , w, w v y y y, fi w y v fi w . P vy v y , , z, v -
y. F y v v w fi S 28A UUD1945: Evy v v - v v, S 28D V (1)
x
Discourse
POKJA
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w -
q . S w
w . E w fiy -
S 14 T 1979 Cv E-
F D A W (CEDAW)
z y -v w w
v w . T 1989 Cv T R T
C (CRC) y ff v
, vy v w.
I 2002, UN C E, S, C
R N 15 v -
fi S 11 12 T Cv E-
, S, C R w w v . W
z w y v v-
. E v
w v.
I w,
w y v. Gv-
y fi w
y 5 Lw N 7 Y 2004
W R w y
vy q w y - y, -
v v. O , w
w w , v-
, v -
v w
v qy.
W vy I
15.000 y
. Hwv, vy
vy . F x-
, Jv I w v-
y y y
1750 3, w vy
2000 3 -
y
w y
y 2020 w w-
vy w y
1200
y.
T
..
y
1
ountryust Guarantee
he Peoples Righto Water
24
Discourse
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25
Edisi III, 2010
w y
v (DAS) y.
W y wy w .
F v 30 y, w -
v v
v
w v -
v
w. U 2002, 22,4%
w y -
Jv (48,32%) S
(27,13%) . F
-v
w
w y . T
w y
2002 346,49 IDR, w
273,46 (78,92%) -
, 63,48 IDR (18,32%)
, ,
(), 92,1 IDR (2,66%) fl -
0,34 IDR (0,1%)
w w.
Pvz
y 90 -
. C
y w
ff
v
y
v .
y v
v
y 70 w
v ff
x ,
x -
y w
.
T v -
- fi. B y
y v
v ,
v- (y -
w ) ff
v . T
y fi -
w v
fl y (By-
2006). T
v v
qy -
vy
q v
w.
N, -
y
w ffi -
fi-
, w v
(K 2004). I
w x vz
wy
w y v-
. Pvz y
w E USA
y
y y fi-
, W
B S AjP (SAP).
Pvz ff -
w w -
. A w v 1992
D, I,
T D S W
S Dv (-
w D P).
D P -
v
w . O
w
v z
.
D P
y -
,
W
B. T W B
v
w -
w -
w D P,
y w w
w .
I , fi
w
w
y y
j -
.
F, v-
( DFID
USAID) v -
v
. I x
I,
vz -
w ,
water has aneconomic value
in all itscompeting uses
and should berecognized
as an economicgood
water
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v
y -
w y
v I-
. O 41% I-
w
y v
, y
51,7% 20%
w
PDAM v, y 8%
y v
w w v y
Fy M U (UPS).Ev y 2005 y
21 PDAM
y, 68 y PDAM, 117
y PDAM, 11 PDAM
.
I 1993, W B -
W R M
Py, W
B, y fl 1992 R
E S w DP. I 1998 W B
v y w
w
: B -
W: A W
B W R Sy
w 2002. A -
v
y 2003 W B
w y W R
S Sy: S D W B E.
P v qy -
v MDG
vz
w
y v . T
w v
vv w y v-
, fi v v q-
y , v v v-
. L
y -
v vv
w y v
w ff-
, y
E vz-
F
vz.
E
w v
v w y -v. W F
w w
w
y v v
v. T -
y I-
F A
W B ADB
y I-
Pv S
P (PSP). Dff
v w-
y v
v , -
, , .
Government Policy in Water
Supply Service Provision
W w
y v, y w y I v
vv -
v v -
v w -
y v. S
v (PSP),
In 2005 only 21 PDAM
are considered tobe healthy, 68 lesshealthy PDAM, 117
unhealthy PDAM, and11 PDAM are critical
-
Discourse
POKJA
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27
Edisi III, 2010
PDAM z, PDAM -
z. Pv S P-
(PSP) x v
- w y v .
T y Lw N
7 Y 2004 W R,
Gv R (PP) N
16 Y 2005 W Sy P-
v Sy (SPAM), P
W M R N 294/
PR/M2005 S B
W Sy Pv Sy.
PSP Py U- W Sy Py Fw
w y W
B w B
y 1997. O -
y PSP y
q v PDAM
v. T q
y fi
PDAM y
v ff w w
. B
x , v -
y
y.
Sv
(1)
PDAM ;
PDAM
y 2009
. (2)E ;
x w y v,
w y
v . E
. T,
y PDAM. O -
v-
v .
T ff y v w w
y v -
w v .
T, v y w v fi w
q . T
w y v -
vv v w -
y v
. T
PDAM ff
PDAM -
w
w
.
N,
y PDAM
. A
y PDAM -
y,
y, - v w .
T, ff v
qy v x y -
v ,
ff qy v v x w
y y v-
v v
q. W -
v, x
w y
v. T y
w y v v,
w v w w
(z).Hwv, , w
v w y
v, z w
. Cz
w y -
. W y v
Bz x -
z w y -
y . (H
S)
Corporatization mustalso be balancedwith community
participation
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O Nugroho ri Utomo
S I
. I 2010, w
ww v v 51,9
, I y v
L L A R.
C w
x. O 400 Lfi (fi
PA), 10 vy
y y y fi. T y.
W Lw N 18/2008 S W
M 2013
. Iv
y v q
w. T 22.500
100 w fl y
2014.
T v y
y w v w
v y.T
w fi w wy fi - v v
v.
D 1970-1999, v
v y
200 IDR y. T
2000-2004 2000 IDR
y. W fiv
y, v
5000 IDR y. Hwv,
q w 47.000 IDR y (B y,
2008).
T v
v, y v, w
y v.
S y . T w
y vy,
w ,
w, w
, wv .
T vyy, 70 I w
Care About Te People?
Tink Water Supply and Sanitation!
Discourse
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Edisi III, 2010
(R 2009). A q, vyy,
xy 14.000 (v
4.500 S ) 176.000 (q 70 Oy-z w
) w , v, , ,
y , . I w v Jv
70 v I w
qy y H My
w . A q, PDAM
I v x 25
w w.
A x ff v
- xy 75
w w I. T y , . I y
y ,
w . I w
411 1.000
(H My D My Svy, 2010).
T . Lw
w v y y
(PHBS) v w v y fl,
w y y,
. N
. F w
y fi .
I , , vy
, vv, ; vy
.
W S vyy
. T v
x 5 y 56 IDR. C
v y 14,6 IDR,
. A v,
, v v y 1
L B (APBD)
v. T y ,
w, v v
z.
Evyy vv v
v. Wy? B
v fi. H
x:
O: Av w. A y y
WSP B (2208)
,
y 58 y. T q
2,1 G R D P
w, w w . I w v
58 IDR y w
11,2 IDR y.
w: R ff v
, , vy. WHO
v
w w qy v y
94 . W
y y
y 8 y y w y v
v. N v y y 17 w
y v .
T: H vy. D
, I y v
1,25 IDR y; fi w y. T
, , y
(y ) y
y . T
v , /
y vy.
F: M fi. Sv
I v w v
v 8 11, w
vy 1 IDR v
w fi 8 11 IDR.
T x
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Cy B S (SBM) E
Jv 2008-2010 v w w
vy 1 IDR w y --v
y 35 IDR. I
v v, .
Fv: Pv wy . T
A Dv B (2009) w
v 1 USD
v, vy ff w 36 USD. S
vy ffv ff v
. Sv K/K I
v v v
v v y v
.
Sx: S v
w . Gv
S S Dv A
(PPSP) 2010-2014. U , 63 K/
K w v .
Iy, vv My B
v S C K/K
A (AKKOPSI) v vy
v y y/. S v
K/K w v vv PPSP
y 2,5-10 , w
APBD. T j PPSP
. U 2014, x
330 K/K w j.
Sv: C , v y . I
, w vy v v,
w
v v. S y
. C y y v, Py My
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Te writer is the Director of Bappenas Housing andSettlement. Tis article is a personal opinion and has beenpublished in the National Journal Daily.
yB S
Discourse
POKJA
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Edisi III, 2010Edisi III, 2010
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Q: Before we begin, on behalf of Percik magazine, wewould like to say congratulation on your new mandate,may youre given ease in performing your duties. As weknow, sometime ago, UN General Assembly has issueda Resolution that Water and Sanitation are part of theHuman Rights. In your opinion, what is the interpretationof this resolution to the Indonesian Government? Is this anew concept for us?
A: W y w R w
w w .W y w w . W w, fi w w, w y v. Tw vy Gv R(PP) N 16 v Lw N 7 Y 2004
W R. S, , w z w fiy Cy. T , R W, w w W SyF N v y.
Q: Can you explain howLaw No 7 Year 2004 hasbecome the law umbrella ofwater supply issue as the
most fundamental needof the people
bew
mof
Wawancara
Bappenas Director of Housing and Setlement,Nugroho Tri Utomo
Water Supply as Basic Need isGovernments Responsibility
FOTO-FOTO WAJAH: POKJA
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which provision is the responsibility of the government or country? If it has been
adopted, how far have the Indonesiangovernment applied this concept in WaterSupply and Environmental Sanitation(WSES)?
A: I Lw N 7 Y 2004 fi y w z w I. I fl w , fi y v w
fi y Cy. B w , w y vy, w w , y stylelistic; z w . Tv y w q y w v w.
Q: Water as Gods gift to human. By making differentcharacteristic on water needs, dont you think it willcreate a problem on right to water?
A: W w w vyv G w v .Hwv, v v y. I W Rw v y w , , y q y , ,/ w w w y. A , w
y.S q, Lw y vyI v q yw y.Hwv, w PDAM
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Q: Tere is a current trend of privatization as one of the options of
fulfilling water access for the people. Many people,especially NGOs, think that privatization is acontradiction to the principle of human rights. How doesgovernment perceive this matter?
A: I Lw N 7 Y 2004 W R, y z w, W Uz L(SIPA) w vv
, v. T W R Lw.F v , w y v, v II v K K, y y My B. W , w y P W My. I SIPA, v v z w w fi . Iy w NGO v v w w w y v , z y . T y. Hwv, w y. W y w , w w w, y w SIPA. A
w SIPA, y, v w fi w
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w ch provision is the re
Interview
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Edisi III, 2010Edisi III, 2010
fi w . Ev SIPA , w q fi y w, w y v y v.
SIPA z w y y. F
x, I y v z w w, wv, v w w fi y, y w w wI v , y, v vw w v v y w. T y y y.S, , v wv vy z w UN R W. B w , w y NGO v .
Q: Has the human right concept colored NationalMid-erm Development Plan (RPJMN) 2010-2014?And last, do you have any specific message for localgovernments in responding the matter of drinking water
that most probably will become more complicated, onwhat should be noted regarding water as a right and
basic need of the people?A: I RPJMN 2014 w v
y w I fi y Cy.O RPJM v y w vfi y . W
y vvyw fi, y - vy wq . A-
MDG, v qy w (v w). A v -v w , v ww w . T w w qy w v, w y y w w -. P z w y w y w .T v . W w , w w ,w w y v w, v w . T vy xv, v w. A -
w , w .
ISTIMEWA
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S , UN G Ay y wy ; w122 v y y. I , w
w y fi y y.
S UN fi y fi q q, ff w. I w v . O
UN xy 884.000.000 w w y 2,6 w .
U , UN G Ayv 1,5 5y v w vy y. I w y I v y simalakama. I , I , w , w- v w , C R W, H S P J.
A H, w wyz w w
fl , I y w v. T w v y y v y. I 1970, 22 vy v. w 1990, 62. L y, 64.y, , y ff v v. T w y w yy .
F y 2000 2005,
y v 1.089.560 y. A I w, w y fl wvy v v, y Jv, B,N , K, Sw.
I w ffi y H w y w y v w y , v PDAM. By 2009, PDAM y v 24
y ffi x y.
HamongSantono:
Interview
34
Resoluton of Right to WaterLike Simalakama Fruit for Indonesia
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Edisi III, 2010Edisi III, 2010
Cy w y xy3 IDR 4 IDR(340 USD 450 USD) y, w w v yy 40 IDR y.
S q w q y y . Iw y w UN y v
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These countrieshave shown thatwater, as publiccommodity, mustbe well managed
and protected, andthe matter of water
resources mustalways be handled
democratically.
j
hese
FOTO-FOTO: DOK PRI.
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R
H R (HAM) w 1998. Nv,
1998 , y ff
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A Patra M Zen, YLBHI Director:
Hm Rh WShd N B J h Sw J
Interview
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Edisi III, 2010
y. W qy q
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Water adequacyas prerequisite
of fulfilling rightto water, in any
circumstances..
PR
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Innovation
Lately people ofen talk about water supply
crisis, but their conversatons are mostly
around law, policy and management. How
about the technology to overcome the
crisis?
An expert and researcher of Indonesias Science
Insttuton (LIPI), Dr Anto Tri Sugiato has introduced
an oxidaton technology along with its use as an
alternatve soluton to overcome the water supply
crisis. This is not a new technology, nevertheless,it recently growing rapidly. Lately, the oxidaton
technology has started to be known as Advanced
Oxidaton Processes. This technology has also
started to be developed and applied in many
advance countries.
Water Supply Crisis
Currently in Indonesia, one of the most
worrisome environmental problems is the crisis
of water supply. Water crisis may be said tobe the prominent problem compare to other
environmental problems such as air polluton,
deforestaton and also forest fire.
The problem of water supply actually lies on the
improper disposal of waste water from industrial
actvites as well as urban domestc waste water,
worsened by the lack of effort to properly treat the
waste water.
Other than the problem of waste water, water
supply crisis in Indonesia has also caused bydirect exploitaton of ground
water as water sources
for different industries among other is packaged
water industry.
Waste Water
In a producton process of an industry, in general,
different materials were used in different kind and
shape. However, the waste water treatment system
is generally done collectvely without any separaton
or differentaton. In consequence, we will need a
more sophistcated technology, which correlateswith bigger fund and energy.
Furthermore, current waste water treatment
Oxidaton Technologyfor Water Supply
DOK. PRI.
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Edisi III, 2010
system is generally using
combinaton of chlorine and systems
of condensaton, sedimentaton,
and filtraton. While organic
waste treatment is generally using
microbiology, actve carbon and
membrane filtraton. Lately, the
disposed organic waste contains
more organic materials which
are difficult to be dissolved with
only microbiology and membrane
filtraton, which made it highly
hazardous for living creatures.
From the brief explanaton above,
we can conclude that current waste water treatment
is highly ineffectve. Therefore, we need to choose
and sort existng waste water treatment so that we
can apply the technology properly in accordance
with the requirement level.
Thus we need to know the following aspects,
(1) substantal content of the waste water, (2) the
effect of these substances if dispersed into the
environment, (3) change and strength/resilience of
the substance in the treatment process, (4) method/
technology that can clean or modify the specific
substance, (5) accurate method/technology to
clean/modify solid substance as the result of the
treatment process, (6) such as the characteristc
of the existng waste water treatment technology
namely the type of material that can be dissolved,
the expected water quality, maintenance cost,
development cost, etc.
Oxidaton Technology
At the moment, the oxidaton technology or
beer known as Advanced Oxidaton Processes
(AOPs) has gained significant aenton, due to the
fact that this technology is able to dissolve and clean
organic maers that were hard to be dissolved with
microbiology or membrane filtraton. Moreover, this
technology is applicable not only to treat industrial
waste water, but also to treat drinking water or
clean water.
AOPs technology is one or combinaton of
several processes such as ozone, hydrogen peroxide,
ultraviolet light, ttanium oxide, photo catalyst,
sonolysis, electron beam, electrical discharges
(plasma) and several other processes in order to
generate hydroxyl radical (OH). OH is an actve
species that known to have high potental oxidaton
of 2.8 V, surpassing the ozone that only has potental
oxidaton of 2.07 V. This made OH easily react with
other compounds around it.
Today, combinaton method of ozone, hydrogen
peroxide, and ultraviolet light is the most researchedand experimented method to treat different waste
water; followed by method ofttanium oxide and
fenton reacton. While other method such as
sonolysis, electron beam also electrical charges are
mostly stll in experimental process.
OH, in accordance with the name, is an actve
species with radical nature that easily reacts with
any compound without excepton. In water, OH
reacts with the compounds around it.
Reacton between OH and OH, as describedabove, is possible because OH easily reacts
with anything, including OH itself, will create
hydrogen peroxide. Time period of OH depends
on the concentraton. As example, for 1 M of OH
concentraton, the tme period is 200 s.
Applicaton of AOPs
The following is example of AOPs technology
applicaton, whereas other than the above,
there are stll plenty of other researches onthis AOPs method.
In Japan, since
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implementaton of law on dioxin and like substances
(January 2001), waste water treatment is centered
on waste water from solid waste incineraton places
(domestc and industrial). Dioxin is mostly generated
as the result of inadequate solid waste incineraton(especially plastc waste). It is important to know
that almost 70 percent of solid waste in Japan
was processed with incineraton (Environmental
Ministry, 1996). In order to dissolve the dioxin, AOPs
method is widely used; among others are O3/UV
and O3/H2O2. By using O2/UV, dioxin content can
be dissolved up to 90 percent where the ultraviolet
light come from a low-voltage mercury lights which
were proved to be more effectve than high-voltage
mercury lights (Daito, 2000). The result of thisresearch is comparison between the use of O3/
UV and O3/H2O2 where O3/UV is more effectve in
dissolving dioxin compounds with more Cl element;
while O3/H2O2 is effectve for dioxin compounds
with lesser Cl element.
Different example is waste water from different
textle industries which contains lots of dye. On this
case, we used UV/H2O2, Fenton Method, O3/UV,
and TiO2/UV (Sugimoto, 2000). UV/H2O2 is found
to be the most effectve in dissolving /removingthe dye. As for other industrial
waste water other
than dye, we used methods of UV/H2O2, Fenton and
O3/H2O2. In order to dissolve p-hydroxyphenilacetc
acid that was mostly found in waste water of
agriculture industries, combinaton of Fenton
Method and ultraviolet is the most effectve (Sarria,2001).
For waste water from the use of different
medicines in agriculture field, AOPs method is found
to be highly effectve, among other to dissolve
atrazine substance, O3/H2O2, O3/UV and UV/H2O2
were used. Here, O3/H2O2 is found to be more
effectve than other methods (Acero, 2001). To
dissolve the substance of 2-4 dichlorophenoxyacetc
acid, UV/H2O2 (Alfano, 2001) was used. Simazine
(Kruithof, 2000), and Trichloroethylene (Shiotani,2001) can be dissolved close to 100 percent by using
O3/H2O2. As to dissolve mono and trichloroacetc
acid in drinking water, a combinaton of TiO2 fiber
and sunshine were used (Sun, 2000).
For this waste water, combinaton method
of ozone and hydrogen peroxide can be used
(Fuchigami, 2000). This method is found to be
effectve in dissolving humic acid, endocrine-
disruptng chemicals and other organic maers,
which previously cannot be dissolved by actvatedsludge process. (Eko/LIPI.org)
Innovation
ISTIMEWA
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Edisi III, 2010
4
Yuliansa Effendy,
Researcher of Engineering Post Graduate Program of
Gajah Mada University
In daily actvites, human is highly dependent
on water, both for consumpton purpose
and for other water-related actvites such asbathing, washing, agriculture, industry etc.
In the book of Indonesias Environmental
Status (SLHI) year 2008, based on the data from
Indonesias Statstc year 2007, in natonal scale,
water requirement of Indonesia has reached 9,03
billion M3, with the following water sources: 16,19%
are using tap water (PAM), 57,97% are using ground
water (with pump), 7,18% are using packaged water,
12,64% are spring water, 3,04% are using river
water, 2,58% are using rain water, and the rest of
0,40% are using other sources.Governments effort through Water Supply
Company (PDAM) in fulfilling water supply
requirement in Indonesia has not yet reached the
rural people in areas located further away from the
water supply treatment installatons; therefore, the
people acquire water from water sources around
them, such as river water, well water, lake water,
rain water, and springs.
However, those partcular water have not
necessarily met the quality standard that was
established for water supply (Indonesias HealthMinistry Regulaton Permenkes- No 416/Menkes/
SK/IX/1990). Water quality can be influenced by
contaminaton, both from natural causes and due to
the actvites of humans or other living creatures.
One of the water sources with less quality to be
used as water supply is peat moss water. When
observed from quantty point of view, peat moss
water is available in abundance in areas with peat
moss land.
Gambut Kecamatan is one of the kecamatan in
Banjar kabupaten with 129,30 hectare area that haspotental peat moss land, where people in remote
places are only using rain water and surface water.
Clay as an Effectve Media in Clarifying
the Muddy Peat Moss (Gambut) WaterDOK.FT-UGM
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Test result in Gambut
kecamatan, Banjar kabupaten of
Kalimantan Selatan province has
showed peat moss characteristc
with quality above the allowable
threshold, with 3,9 pH, 570 PtCo
color, 13 NTU mg/lt turbidity, 60
mg/lt SO4, 2,37 mg/lt Fe, 0,07
mg/lt Mn, 0,31 mg/lt Zn, 280 mg/
lt KMnO4
organic maer, 21 mg/
lt CaCO3
hardness and 11 mg/
lt Cl. And when compare to the
water supply quality standard
(Permenkes RI No. 416/Menkes/
SK/IX/1990) with the same
parameters, water should have pH of 6,5 9,0,
50 TCU color, 25 NTU turbidity, 400 mg/lt SO4
, 10
mg/lt Na, 1.0 mg/lt Fe, 0.5 mg/lt Mn, 15 mg/lt Zn,
10 mg/lt KMnO4
organic maer, 500 mg/lt CaCO3
hardness, 600 mg/lt Cl. With the above comparison,
it is obvious that peat moss water is not suitable for
water supply.
In order to use peat moss water, a peat moss
water treatment is required to improve physical and
chemical quality of the water to comply with the
standard. Cheap and applicatve technology along
with local material utlizaton is highly required in
the water supply treatment. With the method of
coagulaton-flocculaton-filtraton
using local coagulant
material such as podsolik clay, the
simple yet effectve technology
may be adopted by local people.
In overall, the use of podsolic
clay will improve quality of peat
moss water; although the use of
podsolic clay as coagulant has
showed correlaton or unlinear
relaton. In the coagulaton
process, 7,5 g/l podsolic clay has
shown the best result.
Stage Process
Research was completed in
the city of Banjarmasin during
December 2009 to January 2010. Water analysis
was completed in the Environmental Sanitaton
Engineering Laboratory (BBTKL) of Kalimantan
Selatan Province in Banjarmasin. The research was
conducted in several stage processes, namely:
Preliminary laboratory analysis on peat moss
water prior to the treatment with water supply
treatment equipments, as the basic data of peat
moss water prior to analysis, includes parameters of
Color, Turbidity, Organic Maer, Fe, Mn, and pH.
Design and constructon of individual scale water
treatment equipment.
Podsolic clay was taken from the depth of
1-2 meter or on B-C solum at Sei Ulin kelurahan,
Banjarbaru City of Kalimantan Selatan Province. Clay
si
I
cl
p
s
r
p
s
t
Innovation
Front Look on the WaterTreatment Installaton
Cross-sectonal Look onthe Water Treatment Installaton
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Edisi III, 2010
was dried by air and filtrated to the size of 0,002
0,2 mm.
Peat Moss Water Treatment using
Water Supply Treatment Equipment
Then, what happened during the treatment
process of peat moss water by the use of podsolic
clay? A process of coagulaton-flocculaton occurred
creatng destabilizaton and adsorpton of the
organic colloid causing change in reducing color
score, increasing turbidity, reducing concentraton of
Fe and Mn, as well as increasing pH. Ca2+ and Al3+
is the binding agent. This can be seen through the
following process.
The color of peat moss water prior to the
treatment is 1460 TCU, whereas afer treatment
with the clay in various dosages, the color parameter
has been reduced to 410 TCU, 212 TCU, 108 TCU,
133 TCU and 216 TCU. Reducton of the peat moss
water is caused by the positve content of Al3+ that
was freed by the clay surface and binds the humat
acid colloid as the cause of color in the peat moss
water. These joint partcles will then sele due
to the mass increment of the clay partcle, hence
during this treatment process, water color has been
reduced.
In the next stage offiltraton, color can be
reduced significantly. This can be seen through
comparison of turbidity number before and afer
filtraton. Afer filtraton, turbidity number shows
247 TCU, 169 TCU, 21 TCU, 22 TCU, and 137 TCU.
Filtraton media of gravel and sand together with
actvated carbon can sele and adsorbed the
floatng partcles.
Of all the peat moss water treatment with
podsolic clay coagulant, the one that qualifies for
color standard of water supply is the treatment
of podsolic clay with the dosage of 2,5 g/l during
filtraton stage. The color shows 43 TCU where the
standard is 50 TCU.
Inital turbidity of the peat moss water is 8,02
NTU, which is stll in compliance with the standard.
Treatment of podsolic clay dosage of 0 g/l, 2,5 g/l,
5 g/l, 7,5 g/l and 10 g/l in the water have found to
add the contaminant, shown by turbidity increment
to 9,42 NTU, 11,65 NTU, 16,07 NTU, 24,37 NTU
and 46,57 NTU. The bigger clay concentraton, the
more numbers offloatng partcles. In the filtraton
process, these floatng partcles will enter the small
pores, thus partcles bigger than the pore will be
restrained and smaller partcles will flow out with
the water. This is shown by turbidity number of peat
moss water on the filtraton stage with dosage of 0
g/l, 2,5 g/l, 5 g/l, 7,5 g/l abd 10 g/l which are 2,36
NTU, 0,9 NTU, 1,28 NTU, 1,79 NTU, and 2,96 NTU.
For turbidity on peat moss water treatment with
podsolic clay coagulant, the one that complies with
the standard is the 2,5 g/l podsolic treatment during
filtraton stage. Turbidity afer the treatment is 0,9
NTU where the standard is 25 TCU. Organic maers
in the peat moss water prior to the treatment was
338,1 mg/l KMnO4
and afer the treatment has been
reduced to 145,4 mg/l for 0 g/l podsolic clay, 26,5
mg/l for 2,5 g/l podsolic clay, 13,3 mg/l for 5 g/l
podsolic clay, 9,2 mg/l for 7,5 g/l podsolic clay and
4,1 mg/l for 10 g/l podsolic clay. Organic maers
in the peat moss water are floatng in the water in
the form of organic colloid. With treatment of clay
and lime, there will be reacton between Al3+ and
Ca2+ with clay partcles that also have colloid nature
and will create heavier and bigger mass which will
ILLUSTRASI DOK.FT-UGM
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then sele due to earth gravitaton. When flowing
through filtraton media, these organic maers will
be restrained by smaller pores and will be adsorbed
by actvated carbon, thus in this process, we will
find organic maer content of 27,2 mg/l for 0 g/l
podsolic clay, 76,0 mg/l for 2,5 g/l podsolic clay, 15,5
mg/l for 5 g/l podsolic clay, 24,3 mg/l for 7,5 g/l
podsolic clay and 23,7 mg/l for 10 g/l podsolic clay.
Of all peat moss water treatment process with
podsolic clay, the one that complies with the
standard is the treatment of 2,5 g/l podsolic clay
during filtraton stage that will resulted in 7,6 mg/l
KMnO4
whereas the standard of organic maer in
water supply is 10 mg/l KMnO4
.
pH parameter is the deciding factor in
determining other parameters. pH of peat moss
water is considerably low in this research, with
inital pH of 3,62. Lime treatment as fixed variable
of 250 mg/l plus podsolic clay treatment of 9 g/l,
2,5 g/l, 5 g/l, 7,5 g/l, and 10 g/l may increase pH to
8,93; 7,68; 7,1; 6,99; and 7,2. Other than treatment
with lime (CaO) which has base nature, Al3+ content
of podsolic clay will also help in neutralizing peat
moss water from the influence ofhumatandfulvat
acids. Afer clay treatment during filtraton process
of 0 g/l, 2,5 g/l, 5 g/l, 7,5 g/l, and 10 g/l, pH is
found to be 8,62; 7,26; 7,85; 8,67; and 7,29. All end
result of pH afer peat moss water treatment are in
compliance with the pH standard of water supply
with the span of 6,5 9.
Descripton of household-scale peat moss water treatment
equipment is as follows:
A. Name of equipment:
Household-scale Peat Moss Water
Treatment Equiptment
B. Functon:
Clarifying peat moss water with the method
of household-scale coagulaton-filtraton.
C. Material:
1. Plastc water tank of 50 liters capacity equipped with
selement draining faucet.
2. Electrical motor (sewing machine) of 50/60 Hz, 100
wa capacity as strrer.
3. Small water pump (aquarium-scale) with 3 meter suc-
ton power.
4. Refill water gallon bole of 19 liters capacity.
5. Pipe of 4 inch diameter size and 100 cm for filtra-ton (from the boom of the pipe: 30 cm gravel, 2,5
cm sponge, 60 cm sand and 2,5 cm filter sponge).
Equipped with clean out diameter of 2 inch located on
upper and lower part, and plug for dirt removal with
diameter of inch.
6. 3 inch diameter and 80 cm long pipe containing 70 cm
high actvated carbon and filter sponge on the upper
part. Equipped with 2 inch diameter clean out located
on the upper and lower part.
7. Other accessories including 1 faucet, 4 inch and 3 inch
diameter dope, 1 stop-faucet, outer and inner drat, inch pipe as water line connecton.
8. Equipment support
elbow steel frame of
173 cm height.
D. Process Descripton
Peat moss water treatment using water supply treatment
equipment; close all faucets (faucet 1 and 2) and clean out(CO) removal plug (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5). Flow 50 liters peat
moss water into coagulaton tank, mixed with 250 mg/l
lime and treated by the clay of 0 g/l, 2,5 g/l, 5 g/l, 7,5 g/l,
and 10 g/l. Followed by rotor strring with electrical mo-
tor in the coagulaton tank for 10 minutes. The soluton
is then lef alone for 45 minutes to sele the established
flogs. Open removal plug 1 (CO1) to remove selement
and close it again. Pump water to the gallon bole. When
its full, open the faucet
that connects gallon
and filtering pipe. Waitfor 10 minutes before
opening faucet 2 where
clean water is collected.
Repeat the process to
increase volume. For
every peat moss water
treatment, faucet 1 can
be opened to remove
selement in the filtra-
ton pipe (pipe 1).
t
af
o
c
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i
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t
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t
hen sele due to earth
Innovation
Equipment Descripton
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Edisi III, 2010
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47
Edisi III, 2010
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be apart fromthe framework of
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Edisi III, 2010
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