Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine PERCIK October 2003.

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Transcript of Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine PERCIK October 2003.

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    ^`r Z`nlb ?

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    Kbecfk _b|}`f|nzb C}}r`cla!K_C.

    C{ {an| {neb \CFNEC\ n| obnfd {rnbknf 4 {`tf|) Oin{cr) ]c|rcf) Hbknrn)E`g`hbr{`) \nk`crg` cfk ]cebhc|cf nfBc|{ Gczc cfk Kbf}c|cr nf Ocin&\bibl{n`f `j {ab |n{b| {``h c i`fd }r`lb||&Jnr|{) c kn||benfc{n`f }r`lb|| co`{\CFNEC\ {` {ab l`eefn{nb| nf ?3{`tf| tn{a }`}ic{n`f kbf|n{~ co`zb 4==}br|`f| }br ac `j Bc|{ Gczc !32. cfk Ocin!:.& J`ii`tbk tn{a cf nfj`rec{n`f |ben%fcr {` kn|l|| \CFNEC\ nkbc nf e`rbkb{cni& Nf{brb|{bk {`tf| crb nfzn{bk {`}cr{nln}c{b tn{a c rbsnrbebf{ {ac{ cii{ab nfz`izbk cdbflnb| e|{ c{{bfk cfk{ab~ e|{ }c~ {abnr `tf {rczbi bq}bf|b|&

    C}}crbf{i~) cii {ab {`tf| |bf{ {abnr rb}%rb|bf{c{nzb| cfk {ab~ }cr{nln}c{bk cl{nzb%i~ nf {ab |benfcr& [`tcrk {ab bfk `j {ab|benfcr n{ tc| cff`flbk {ac{ {an| bqbr%ln|b tc| ci|` nf{bfkbk {` |bibl{ {ab {`tf|lc}coib `j ne}ibebf{nfd {ab }r`drce&

    \CFNEC\ l`ik `fi~ }r`znkb jclnin{c{n`fj`r c ecqnee `j 1 {`tf|& [ab cdrbbkrbsnrbebf{| j`r }cr{nln}c{n`f crb c| {abj`ii`tnfd7

    [a`|b {`tf| nf{brb|{bk crb rbsnrbk{` |bfk c}}inlc{n`f ib{{br tn{a c{{cla%ebf{ `j {ab cdrbbk rbsnrbebf{| |{c{bkco`zb& [abrb tbrb 3? c}}inlcf{ {`tf|nfknlc{nfd tniinfdfb||7 Ocfdin) Dncf~crcfk Kbf}c|cr `j Ocin) ]cebhc|cf)E`g`hbr{`) \nk`crg`) ]c|rcf) ]r`o`%infdd`) Oin{cr) Hbknrn) Oc{ cfk Ecicfd `jB& Gczc& Jr{abr |bibl{n`f nfknlc{bk {ac{]r`o`infdd`) Ecicfd) Oc{) Dncf~cr knk

    f`{ ebb{ {ab rbsnrbk |l`rb& Cf E@Rtn{a {ab rbecnfnfd 1 { tf| tc| }rb}crbk)o{ Ocfdin jnfcii~ tn{akrbt oblc|b K]_Kknk f`{ dnzb c}}r`zci j`r {ab l`f{br}cr{

    okdb{&Nf |bibl{n`f `j l`eefn{~ }cr{nln%

    }cf{| {ab Kbecfk _b|}`f|nzb C}}r`clatc| ci|` c}}inbk& Krnfd {ab }r`lb|| 3=l`eefn{nb| l`e}b{b ce`fd {abe|bizb|{` tnf \CFNEC\ jclnin{c{n`f& Ob|nkbkbecfk rb|}`f|nzb c}}r`cla {abrb crb{t` `{abr ne}`r{cf{ }rnfln}ib| c}}inbk

    o~ \CFNEC\& @fb }rnfln}ib n| la`nlb `j{blaf`i`d~ tanla n| {` ob eckb o~ {abl`eefn{~& \CFNEC\ t`ik c||eb{ab r`ib `j nf{r`klnfd {ab {blaf`i`d~`}{n`f| nfliknfd {ab |{rbfd{a cfk tbch%fb|| `j bcla& [ab `{abr }rnfln}ib n|) {abl`eefn{~ c||eb| {ab rb|}`f|nonin{~j`r {blafnlci l`f|{rl{n`f cfk {ab ecfc%dbebf{ `j jfk| l`enfd jr`e `tf|`rlb|) {ab d`zbrfebf{) \CFNEC\) cfFD@ !O@_KC. nf |`eb lc|b|&

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    E

    1 ]brlnh@l{`obr ?== kn|bc|b l`f{cen%fc{n`f {ar`da l`f{cl{ tn{a acfk tc||{nii k`o{bk& N{ tc| I`n| ]c|{br ta`nf {ab |benfcr |}`hb i`ki~ |c~nfd /C|k`l{`r| ~` crb {ab `fb| hniinfd {a`|b

    t`ebf o~ l`f{cenfc{nfd tn{a kbcki~enlr`ob jr`e |nlh }c{nbf{ {` t`ebfco`{ {` dnzb onr{a&/

    [ab co`zb |{`r~ dnzb| | {ab an|{`rn%lci oclhdr`fk a`t {ab |{b}| {`tcrk|ctcrbfb|| `j acfktc|anfd c| c ebcf| {`}rbzbf{ l`f{cenfc{n`f& N{ {``h c l`f|nk%brcoib ibfd{a `j {neb cfk bjj`r{ obj`rbacfktc|anfd obl`eb }cr{ `j {ab li{rci{rckn{n`f `j lnzninwbk l`eefn{~ cfk f`{|ne}i~ c| c }a~|nlncf$| r`{nfb&Acfktc|anfd n| }rb|bf{i~ c |ogbl{{cda{ nf |la``i| cfk bzbf acfktc|anfdjclnin{~ n| f`t c }oinl rbsnrbebf{&

    A`t Ne}`r{cf{ n| Acfktc|anfd0

    Ib{ | i``h oclh {` {ab kc{c }r`klbkjr`e |bzbrci |{knb|& Nf 3>>: o~ f`{tc|anfd acfk| {abrb tc| ;=" l`f{rno%{n`f {` nfjbl{bk j``k nfliknfd |cie`fbi%ic nf {ab R\& [an| jndrb rbjbr| {` 1=eniin`f }b`}ib }`n|`fbk jr`e j``k tanlanflrbc|b {ab ebknlci l`|{) kblrbc|b }r`%kl{nzn{~) cfk kbc{a `j 3=&=== }b`}ib&

    E`rb {acf ? eniin`f lanikrbf knbk nf{ab kbzbi`}nfd fc{n`f| bcla ~bcr{ar`da kncrra`bc& Bcla enf{b 2 }b`%}ib crb nfjbl{bk o~ kncrra`bc enlr`ob `r1?. nfknlc{b| {ac{ tc|anfdacfk| n| cf bjjbl{nzb ebcf| {` }rbzbf{kncrra`bc& @{abr |{knb| o~ Cice !3>1>.

    B _ \ ]B L [ NZ B

    Acfktc|anfd]

    3< ]brlnh@l{`obr ?==14. |ddb|{ {ac{ tc|a%

    nfd acfk| o~ e`{abr| n| cf ne}`r{cf{jcl{`r nf rbklnfd kncrra`bci nflnkbflb`j {abnr lanikrbf& [an| cii echb| }r`zn%|n`f `j libcf tc{br cfk |cfn{c{n`fne}r`zbebf{ e`rb bjjbl{nzb nj l`eonfbk

    tn{a acfktc|anfd }r`drce&@{abr |{knb| nfknlc{b {ac{ acfk%

    tc|anfd rbklb| nflnkbflb `j nfjbl{n`|kn|bc|b| o~ 2="& @{abr |`rlb |c~| {ac{n{ rbklb| } {` :2"& Ob|nkb|) tc|anfdacfk| rbdicri~ rbklb| {ab l`f{cenfc%{n`f tn{a cf{non`{nl rb|n|{cf{ ocl{brnc&

    Cii {ab jcl{| ebf{n`fbk co`zb nfkn%lc{b {ab ne}`r{cflb `j tc|anfd acfk| c|

    c ebcf| {` }rbzbf{ zcrn`| kn|bc|b|&[abrbj`rb) tc|a ~`r acfk|&

    N| n{ {rb acfktc|anfd n| c li{rci{rckn{n`f0

    C |{k~ l`fkl{bk o~ C}}inbk_b|bcrla Dr`} Rfnzbr|n{~ `j

    Tb|{enf|{br Nfddrn| rbzbci| {ac{ `fi~

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    C| c {`rn|{ kb|{nfc{n`f Ocin n| tbiihf`tf j`r n{| fc{rci obc{~ cfkn{| li{rci abrn{cdb& A`tbzbr)

    obanfk {ab fc{rci obc{~) {ab Kbf}c|crln{~ c| {ab }r`znflnci lc}n{ci |jjbr| jr`ec ock ilh c| k` {ab ond ln{nb| `f Gczc&[ab jc|{ bl`f`enl dr`t{a cfk |nkb bjjbl{`j kbzbi`}ebf{ cl{nzn{nb| aczb {rfbk{ab jclb `j Kbf}c|cr }`lhecrhbk tn{a

    lie|~ cfk zbr}`}ic{bk scr{br|&\`eb `j {ab i`lc{n`f| crb bc|ni~ `o|br%zcoib c{ Ocfgcr \crn cfk Ocfgcr Oc{r `jHbircacf Rofd nf Hblcec{cfKbf}c|cr Ocrc{& Cll`rknfd {` Knfc|Infdhfdcf Ank} cfk ]oinl T`rh|)Dcfd Gbe}nrnfd tanla n| i`lc{bk c{Ocfgcr \crn n| {`} nf {ab in|{ `j lie|~crbc| tn{anf {ab ln{~ `j Kbf}c|cr&Ocfgcr \crn n{|bij n| i`lc{bk g|{ obanfkRofd) c icfk {rcf|}`r{ {brenfci cfkecnf {rcf|n{ nf Ocin& [an| n| {ab ecnfrbc|`f ta~ Rofd b|}blncii~ DcfdGbe}nrnfd ac| kbzbi`}bk nf{` |la c{anlhi~ }`}ic{bk tn{a zcrn`| b{afnldr`}| inznfd nf {an| }iclb&

    N Eckb ^c|c) lanbj `j Ocfgcr \crnl`eefn{~ cfk ci|` cf be}i`~bb `j {abHbircacf Rofd |c~| {ac{ e`|{ `j {ab}`}ic{n`f lceb jr`e I`eo`h) B& Gczccfk zcrn`| }cr{| `j Ocin& Icfk i`rk| nfGbe}nrnfd rbf{ `{ {abnr icfk| j`r inznfdscr{br| o{ fj`r{fc{bi~ {abrb crb f`{ecf~ `j {abe coib {` }r`znkb cf cllb}{%coib |cfn{c{n`f jclnin{~ j`r {abnr {bfcf{|&

    Cll`rknfd {` ^c|c) Dcfd Gbe}nrnfd n|nfacon{bk o~ c}}r`qnec{bi~ 1= {` ob bqcl{& C{ {ac{ {neb {ab d`%

    zbrfebf{ l`f|{rl{bk ; }oinl { nib{!ELH|.& Ocfgcr \crn l`eefn{~ lciibk

    {abe /ELH E`brkn`f`/& Rfj`r{fc{bi~{ab ELH| aczb eb{ tn{a filh~ jc{b&/[ab~ l`ik jfl{n`f `fi~ j`r ; ~bcr|/)|cnk N Tc~cf Dcfkrc) `tfbr `j `fb `j{ab ELH|& Dcfkrc cken{{bk {ac{ an|ELH tc| f`{ ecnf{cnfbk }r`}bri~&\nflb {ab |b}{nl {cfh tc| jii cfk lcff`{

    ob be}{nbk) Dcfkrc ack knjjnli{~ cfkk`b| f`{ hf`t tac{ {` k`) |` {ac{ abji|ab| {ab tc|{b knrbl{i~ nf{` {abkrcnfcdb lcfci& Ob|nkb|) cll`rknfd cicfki`rk `j e`rb {acf ?= rbf{ci a`|b|)

    tc{br |}}i~ |brznlb jr`e ]CE j`r ELH

    |bik`e nj f`{ {` |c~ fbzbr ji`t|&[ab ibzbi `j l`eefn{~ hf`tibkdb

    cfk ctcrbfb|| n| l`f|nkbrbk c| cf`{abrrbc|`f j`r {ab orbchk`tf `j {ab ELH|&Eckb ^c|c ta` n| ci|` cf `tfbr `j `fb`j {ab ELH E`brkn`f` ebf{n`f| an|bq}brnbflb {ac{ ab j`fk ick~$| {n||b|

    tbrb ornbk nf li`ddnfd {ab li`|b{ }n}b&/Tb ack {` l{ {ab tc|{b tc{br }n}b nf`rkbr {` rbibc|b {ab |{`}}br/) bq}icnfbk

    ^c|c&[ab co`zbebf{n`fbk |cfn{c{n`f rbic%

    {bk }r`oibe| cfk n||b| tbrb rbzbcibk

    krnfd {ab L`eefn{~ Oc|bk \cfn{c{n`f!LO\. }r`drce |`lncinwc{n`f ebb{nfdl`fkl{bk o~ Ocin J`h| nf c||`lnc{n`f

    tn{a O@_KC nf Gi~ ?==?& Jr`e {ab}r`lb|| `j nkbf{njnlc{n`f) }r`oibe j`re%ic{n`f } {` rbl`eebfkbk |`i{n`f l`f%kl{bk o~ Ocin J`h|) O@_KC {`db{abr

    tn{a {ab l`eefn{~ krnfd {ab {neb|}cf ob{tbbf Cd|{ {nii Kblbeobr ?==?n{ oblceb hf`tf {ac{ {ab |{c{| `j ELHE`brkn`f` lc|b| kbb} c}}rbabf|n`f)|la c| oc{ar``e cfk li`|b{ jii `j knr{cfk |{bfla jr`e {ab li`|b{& T`r|b |{nii)

    cie`|{ cii {ab ELH| aczb {abnr |b}{nl{cfh or`hbf |` tc|{btc{br ji`t| knrbl{i~nf{` c krcnfcdb kn{la fbcro~&

    @{abr n||b {ac{ tc| or`da{ j`rtcrkrbic{b| {` ibzbi `j l`eefn{~ ctcrbfb||{` }cr{nln}c{b nf ecnf{cnfnfd cfk libcf%nfd c }oinl jclnin{~& [ab ibzbi n| zbr~ i`tcfk {ab ecnf rbc|`f inb| nf iclh `j |bf|b`j obi`fdnfdfb||&

    Ocin J`h| cf FD@ |}blncinwnfd nfbfznr`febf{ci cfk l`eefn{~ kbzbi`}%ebf{ nf l`iico`rc{n`f tn{a O@_KC cf`f%}r`jn{ nf|{n{{n`f oc|bk nf Orbebf)

    B JI B L [ N@ F

    ELH Gbe}nrnfd

    n| f`{ cf ELH E`brkn`f`

    _

    32 ]brlnh@l{`obr ?==& [`{ci _}& ?

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    Nf |bzbrci l`f{rnb| tc{br |}}i~cfk |cfn{c{n`f kbzbi`}ebf{ }r`%drce aczb |{cr{bk nf {ab }rbzn`|

    kblckb& N{ n| {abrbj`rb obl`eb| nf{brb|{%nfd {` hf`t {ab }rbln`| bq}brnbflb k%rnfd {ab ne}ibebf{c{n`f `j {ab kbzbi`}%ebf{ c| c ebcf| j`r `r bfinda{bfebf{&[ab j`ii`tnfd cr{nlib {rnb| {` ornfd j`r%

    tcrk {ab bq}brnbflb| rbic{bk {` l`iibl{%nfd `j jnfb| !]chn|{cf.) kbzbi`}ebf{ `j

    fbt f`re !Dc{becic.8 Bd~}{) Obfnf)Lcebr``f) Rdcfkc&

    [ab rbkinfb nkbf{njnbk jr`e bq}brn%bflb `j {ab j`rbndf l`f{rnb| crb !c. i`lci

    tn|k`e nf {ab j`rec{ `j {rckn{n`fci rib{ac{ lcf ob ck`}{bk cfk bjjbl{nzbi~ |bkinhb {ab lc|b `j ]chn|{cf& Nj c{ `fb {neb{ab bqn|{nfd rib n| f`{ |jjnlnbf{ cf~e`rb) c fbt |b{ `j rib enda{ ob j`re%ic{bk {ar`da }oinl l`f|i{c{n`f |la c|{ab lc|b nf Dc{becic8 !o. {ab l`eefn%{~ cfk {ab libcf tc{br |}}inbr lcf l`%`}brc{b& [ab j`rec{ n| {ab |}}inbrc||eb| {ab rb|}`f|nonin{~ } {` {ab

    ecnf kn|{rno{n`f }`nf{ cfk {abf {abl`eefn{~ tnii l`f{nfb n{ tn{a a`ebl`ffbl{n`f|& [an| n| {ab lc|b tn{a Bd~}{8!l. t`ebf nfz`izbebf{ n| |{nii sn{b inen%{bk nf ecfcdbebf{ cfk nf {rckn{n`fci}`|n{n`f| |la c| {rbc|rbr cfk |cfn{crn%cf) {an| lc|b n| nf Obfnf8 !k. icfk n| {abkb{brenfnfd jcl{`r j`r T\\ kbzbi`}ebf{nf rocf crbc| oblc|b `j {ab anda }rnlb){ab lc|b `j Lcebr``f8 !b. FD@ lcf }ic~c r`ib nf bq}cfknfd {ab ibzbi `j cl{nzn{nb|

    o{ n| l`f|{rcnfbk o~ c inen{bk lc}cln{~){ab lc|b `j Rdcfkc&

    ]CHN\[CFTC\B] !Tc{br \}}i~ cfk\cfn{c{n`f Bq{bf|n`f ]r`drceeb`j {ab Cdc Hacf ]icffnfd cfkOniknfd \brznlb.

    [rckn{n`fcii~ {ab~ aczb c jnfb l`iibl%{n`f |~|{be& [ab l`eefn{~ be}i`~| cfnfknznkci ta`|b t`rh n| {` l`iibl{ jnfb)cfk ab n| lciibk c Wc{``f& Nj c jceni~jcni| {` }cr{nln}c{b nf c l`eefn{~ t`rh{ab Wc{``f n| |bf{ {` l`iibl{ c jnfb jr`e{ab jceni~& [an| |~|{be n| ck`}{bk nf

    tc{br |}}i~ }r`drce o~ |bfknfd {abWc{``f bcla {neb c jceni~ orbch| c rib&

    Nj {ab jceni~ rbj|b| {` }c~ {ab ecfcdb%ebf{ tnii l{ an| |}}i~ `j tc{br&

    [ab jnfb l`eb| nf zcrn`| knjjbrbf{j`re|& C jnfb j`r |`eb`fb ta` k`b| f`{rb}cnr c or`hbf l`ffbl{n`f) c jnfb j`r cjceni~ ta` jcni| {` c{{bfk c l`eefn{~ebb{nfd& C }`r{n`f `j {ab jnfb l`iibl{bkn| dnzbf {` {ab Wc{``f c| c |cicr~) {abrb|{ d`b| {` @*E jfk&

    DRC[BECIC[ab Cdclc{f Lc|b \{k~& C

    ]cr{nln}c{ r~ Cl{n f _b|bcrla }r %gbl{ { |}} r{ l eefn{~ tc{br|}}i~ ecfcdbebf{ nf rrci l`e%efn{nb| tc| ne}ibebf{bk nf 3>>;&

    Nf Dc{becic {ab c{a`rn{~ nf tc{br|}}i~ ecfcdbebf{ ac| obbf crrcfdbk&[ab |{c{b d`zbrfebf{ n| rb|}`f|noib nf}r`zn|n`f {ab oc|nl |brznlb |~|{be& N{kblnkb| {ab rbdic{n`f cfk rb|}`f|noibj`r nfzb|{ebf{ nf zniicdb|& [ab i`lci d`%

    zbrfebf{ e|{ }r`znkb n{| |}}`r{) l`f%kl{ e`fn{`rnfd cfk bzcic{n`f& Bzbf nj{ab i`lci d`zbrfebf{ k`b| }r`znkb {abl`eefn{~ tnii c||eb {ab rb|}`f|nonin%

    {~ nf |}}`r{nfd {ab }r`znkbr&L`eefn{~ abci{a lbf{br be}i`~| c |c%fn{crncf ta` {chb| {ab rb|}`f|nonin{~ nfe`fn{`rnfd {ab tc{br scin{~ cfk `{abrebknl| rbdicri~ l`fkl{ a~dnbfb obac%

    zn`r bklc{n`f& [ab r`ib `j cf FD@ n|{` }r`znkb nf}{ nf kb{brenfnfd |{rc{bdnl`ogbl{nzb| nf T\\ kbzbi`}ebf{ }`inl~cfk nf jnfknfd }cr{nln}c{`r~ e`kbi) {abe`|{ |n{coib {blaf`i`d~ la`nlb cfk l`%

    zbrcdb bq}cf|n`f& FD@ n| ci|` nf|{r%ebf{ci nf {ab ne}r`zbebf{ `j aecf

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    tn{a n{| |}blncinwc{n`f cfk {ab |br db{|an| rnda{ nf {ab }r`}br ecffbr&

    Tc{br |}}i~ ecfcdbebf{ n|dnzbf {` {ab l`eefn{~ c||`lnc{n`f| {ac{crb `}brc{nfd bzbr~ kc~& [abnr rb|}`f|n%

    onin{~ nflikb| @*E) jnfcflnci ecfcdb%ebf{) rb}cnr t`rh|) b{l& Cj{br `}brc{nfdj`r |`eb {neb) {abrb n| c kb|nrb jr`e

    B \ \ @ F\ I B C _ FB K J_ @ E C O_ @ C K

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    nf @{abr L`f{rnb|

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    3> ]brlnh@l{`obr ?==