PROPERTIES

OF

NATURAL GAS

126848

MainService

Riser

ServiceValve

Regulator

Typical meter set assembly (MSA)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL GAS

ODORLESS

NON-TOXIC

LIGHTER THAN AIR

SPECIFIC GRAVITY AIR 1%

NATURAL GAS .6%

PROPANE 1.5%

METHANE 96.3%

CARBON DIOXIDE 1.5%

ETHANE 1.1%

NITROGEN .6%

TRACE GASES .5%

1 Carbon & 4 Hydrogen CH4

PROPERTIES OF NATURAL GAS

COMBUSTION TRIANGLE

OX

YG

EN IGN

ITION

FUEL

1100 DEGREESHEAT

1 CF FUEL (4.5% - 15%)

10 CF AIR

GAS-AIR MIXTURES-NATURAL GAS-

% WILL IT BURN? WHY/WHY NOT?

Less then 4.5%

4.5 – 15 %

More then 15%

NO TOO LEANTOO MUCH AIR not enough gas

YES

NO

PROPER MIXTURE

TOO RICHNot enough air TOO MUCH GAS

LUMINOUS BUNSEN

LUMINOUS

BUNSEN

PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION

CO2 CARBON DIOXIDE - H20 WATER VAPOR

INCOMPLETE COMBUSTIONAT A BUNSEN / LUMINOUS FLAME

POOR FLAME CHARACTERISTICSPOOR FLAME CHARACTERISTICS

CARBON MONOXIDE

INCOMPLETECOMBUSTION

1. IS ODORLESS

2. IS COLORLESS

3. HAS NO TASTE

4. IS TOXIC

ALDEHYDES

INCOMPLETECOMBUSTION

1. HAVE A SHARP ODOR

2. IRRITATE NOSE

3. ARE ACCOMPANIED BY CARBON MONOXIDE

4. ARE TOXIC

SYMPTOMS OF CO POISONING

• Initial symptoms of CO poisoning resemble those of the flu.

• A. Headache• B. Increased

perspiration• C. Dizziness• D. Nausea• E. Ringing in the ears• F. Weakness (in legs)

• G. Vomiting• H. Mental confusion

• SINCE CARBON MONOXIDE REPLACES OXYGEN IN THE BLOOD,

• (800 PPM PLUS) PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO CARBON MONOXIDE CAN LEAD TO DEATH OR ASPHYXIATION

Effects of CO @ High Concentrations

Effects of CO at Different Concentrations

Permissible exposure level. No apparent toxic symptoms

3,200 ppm

1,500 ppm

400 ppm

35 ppm

100 ppm

200 ppm

No poisoning symptoms for long time period.Allowable for several hours.

Should not be exposed to this level.Possible mild frontal headache in 2 to 3 hours.

Frontal headache and nausea after 1 to 2 hours.Life threatening after 3 hours.

Headache, dizziness and nausea in 45 minutes;collapse, and possible death in 2 hours.

Headache, dizziness and nausea, collapse in 20 minutes;unconsciousness and possible death in 2 hours.

Headache and dizziness in 5 to 10 minutes;unconsciousness and possible death in 10 to 15 minutes.

Headache and dizziness in 1 to 2 minutes;unconsciousness and possible death in 10 to 15 minutes.

Immediate effect; unconsciousness and dangerof death in 1 to 3 minutes.12,800 ppm

800 ppm

Information fromBoiler and MachineryEngineering Bulletin,

Federal Register, Vol 45 and Industrial

Toxicology, 3rd. Edition.

6,400 ppm

SMOTHERING CHAMBER

BOOM BOX

APPLIANCE CONNECTION

RANGE

COMBINATION OVEN & BROILER

WATER HEATER

NOT VENTING

PLUGGED SAFETY

TANKLESSWATER HEATER

GAS DRYER

DRYER MOISTURE EXAUST

WALLFURNACE

WALL FURNACE

RUPTURED FIREBOX

VENTED ROOM HEATER

UNVENTED ROOM HEATER

UNVENTED ROOM HEATER

FORCED AIRUNIT

A B C D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

NO

P

Q

R

S

T

U

VW

TDR

THERMOSTAT

FAN MOTOR

GASVALVE

HILIMIT

VENTSWITCH

24 V120V

GROUND

HEATER FANSWITCH

FLOOR FURNACE

FLOOR FURNACE

CRACKED FIREBOX

GRAVITY HEATER

GAS LOGS

POOL HEATER

QUESTIONS?