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Chapter 9

Solving Problems

in Groups

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PROBLEM SOLVING IN GROUPS:WHEN AND WHY

Solving Problems in Groups

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Advantages of

Group Problem-Solving

Resources

Accuracy

Commitment

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When to Use Groups

for Problem Solving

Is the job beyond the capacity of one person?

Are individuals tasks interdependent?

Is there more than one decision or solution?

Is there potential for disagreement?

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Some Communication Factors Associated

with Group Productivity

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Group Problem-Solving Formats

Buzz groups

Problem census

Focus group

Parliamentary procedure

Panel discussion

Symposium Forum

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Computer-Mediated Groups

Teleconferencing

Computer conferencing

Chat room

Asynchronous discussions

What are advantages to computer-mediated

meetings? Disadvantages?

Why do groups working at a distance take more

time to reach decisions?

Online meetings shouldnt replace, but rather

supplement

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APPROACHES AND STAGES INPROBLEM SOLVING

Solving Problems in Groups

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A Structured

Problem-Solving Approach

1. Identify the problem What are the groups goals?

What are individual members

goals?

2. Analyze the problem

Word the problem as a broad,

open question Gather relevant information

Identify supporting and restraining

forces

3. Develop creative solutions through

brainstorming/nominal group technique

Avoid criticism

Encourage freewheeling ideas

Develop a large number of ideas

Combine two or more individual

ideas

4. Evaluate the solutions by asking whichsolution

Will best produce changes

Is most achievable

Contains the fewest serious

disadvantages

5. Implement the plan Identify specific tasks

Determine necessary resources

Define individual responsibilities

Provide for emergencies

6. Follow up on the solution

Meet to evaluate progress

Revise approach as necessary

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Developmental Stages in

Problem-Solving Groups

Orientation stage

Conflict stage

Emergence stage

Reinforcement stage

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Developmental Stages in

Problem-Solving Groups

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MAINTAINING POSITIVERELATIONSHIPS

Solving Problems in Groups

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Basic Skills

Mutual respect

Listening

Win-win problem solving

Consensus

Cohesiveness Shared or compatible goals

Progress toward goals

Shared norms and values

Lack of perceived threat

between members

Interdependence of members

Threat from outside the

group

Mutual attraction and

friendship

Shared group experiences

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Overcoming Dangers in

Group Discussion

Information underload and overload

Unequal participation

Pressure to conform Groupthink

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Adapting Problem-Solving Methods to

Special Circumstances