RenaissanceRenaissance SOL WHII.2. Late Medieval Period 1300’s—AKA The Dark Ages Marked with:...
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Transcript of RenaissanceRenaissance SOL WHII.2. Late Medieval Period 1300’s—AKA The Dark Ages Marked with:...
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RenaissanceRenaissanceRenaissanceRenaissance
SOL WHII.2SOL WHII.2
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Late Medieval PeriodLate Medieval Period
• 1300’s—AKA The Dark Ages
• Marked with:– Famine, Disease, War and Death…many
Europeans believed that the end was coming
– Reflected in art
• 1300’s—AKA The Dark Ages
• Marked with:– Famine, Disease, War and Death…many
Europeans believed that the end was coming
– Reflected in art
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Art during the Dark AgesArt during the Dark Ages
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Dark AgesDark Ages
• Famine—widespread crop failures leads to starvation
• The plague—leads to death
• 100 Years War—leads to death!
• Famine—widespread crop failures leads to starvation
• The plague—leads to death
• 100 Years War—leads to death!
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The PlagueThe Plague• 1347-rat infested trading ships from
the Black Sea to Sicily
• By 1348—it reached Spain and France
• Bubonic Plague—spread by fleas on rats (bites
• Pneumonic Plague—airborne—lungs-cough
• 1347-rat infested trading ships from the Black Sea to Sicily
• By 1348—it reached Spain and France
• Bubonic Plague—spread by fleas on rats (bites
• Pneumonic Plague—airborne—lungs-cough
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The Plague: Signs of SicknessThe Plague: Signs of Sickness• Red dots, swelling—black bruises, heavy
sweats, coughing, horrible odor, internal bleeding
• Life expectancy—3-4 days
• 1 out of 3 people died
• 25-33% of Europe's Population
• Ring Around the Rosies
• Red dots, swelling—black bruises, heavy sweats, coughing, horrible odor, internal bleeding
• Life expectancy—3-4 days
• 1 out of 3 people died
• 25-33% of Europe's Population
• Ring Around the Rosies
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Plague led to hysteria!!!Plague led to hysteria!!!• People turned to magic/witchcraft
• Pleasure seeking—enjoy life before you die
• Some felt it was a punishment from God—they beat themselves for repentance
• Blamed the Jews--persecution
• People turned to magic/witchcraft
• Pleasure seeking—enjoy life before you die
• Some felt it was a punishment from God—they beat themselves for repentance
• Blamed the Jews--persecution
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The Black Death Caused:The Black Death Caused:
• Economics were nearly ruined—loss of population resulted in a decrease in the number of craftsmen
• Decrease in TRADE!!!!• Decrease in number of workers so serfs left Manor
and farmland was abandoned• Increase in prices• Church declined
• Economics were nearly ruined—loss of population resulted in a decrease in the number of craftsmen
• Decrease in TRADE!!!!• Decrease in number of workers so serfs left Manor
and farmland was abandoned• Increase in prices• Church declined
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ChurchChurch
• Lacked strong leadership
• Church was not able to offer peace of mind during the plague
• Critics of Church corruption
• People begin to doubt the church
• Lacked strong leadership
• Church was not able to offer peace of mind during the plague
• Critics of Church corruption
• People begin to doubt the church
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WarWar• 1337-1453-England and France fought a
series of conflicts—Hundred Year’s War
• Both have been fighting over control of French lands
• When Edward III (England) claimed the French throne—war erupted
• 1337-1453-England and France fought a series of conflicts—Hundred Year’s War
• Both have been fighting over control of French lands
• When Edward III (England) claimed the French throne—war erupted
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• The English King, Edward III, is the grandson of the last Capetian King on his mother’s side.
• The French do not want the throne to go to the English King, so they crown Philip VI, a nephew to the deceased king and cousin of Edward III
• The English King, Edward III, is the grandson of the last Capetian King on his mother’s side.
• The French do not want the throne to go to the English King, so they crown Philip VI, a nephew to the deceased king and cousin of Edward III
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• The wool industry: Flanders was at this time the center of the European wool industry. England’s main source of revenue was the selling of wool to Flemish wool merchants.
• France was gradually gaining control of Flanders and shutting out the English.
• Edward III made a great deal of his income from profits on wool.
• So in 1337 Edward III, threatened by having a large amount of his property and income taken away, declares war on Philip VI.
• The wool industry: Flanders was at this time the center of the European wool industry. England’s main source of revenue was the selling of wool to Flemish wool merchants.
• France was gradually gaining control of Flanders and shutting out the English.
• Edward III made a great deal of his income from profits on wool.
• So in 1337 Edward III, threatened by having a large amount of his property and income taken away, declares war on Philip VI.
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Joan of ArcJoan of Arc• 17 year old peasant convinced the
king to let her lead the French troops against England—lead several victories
• Was captured by English—tried for witchcraft and burned at the stake
• England was forced off of French lands—with cannons
• 17 year old peasant convinced the king to let her lead the French troops against England—lead several victories
• Was captured by English—tried for witchcraft and burned at the stake
• England was forced off of French lands—with cannons
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RenaissanceRenaissance• Italian for rebirth (classical learning)
• Intellectual and artistic revival
• Focused on themes of Ancient Greece and Rome
• Started in 1300’s—height in 1500s
• Started in Italy then spread throughout Europe
• Italian for rebirth (classical learning)
• Intellectual and artistic revival
• Focused on themes of Ancient Greece and Rome
• Started in 1300’s—height in 1500s
• Started in Italy then spread throughout Europe
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Why did it start in Italy?Why did it start in Italy?
• First to recover from the Dark Ages
• Trade revived in Italy first
• Wealthy merchant class (Medici—Lorenzo “the Magnificent”)
– They were big patrons of the arts (supporters of the arts)
• First to recover from the Dark Ages
• Trade revived in Italy first
• Wealthy merchant class (Medici—Lorenzo “the Magnificent”)
– They were big patrons of the arts (supporters of the arts)
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Renaissance CitiesRenaissance Cities
• Florence, Venice, Genoa, Milan (North)—cultural centers of trade
• Rome—central
• Naples--southern
• Florence, Venice, Genoa, Milan (North)—cultural centers of trade
• Rome—central
• Naples--southern
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Renaissance LiteratureRenaissance Literature• Writers focused on humanist ideals• Humanism: mode of thought or action
in which human interests, values, and dignity predominate
• Emphasized religious and moral reform• Wrote in vernacular
• Writers focused on humanist ideals• Humanism: mode of thought or action
in which human interests, values, and dignity predominate
• Emphasized religious and moral reform• Wrote in vernacular
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Literature continued…Literature continued…• Machiavelli—The Prince—guide to
gain/maintain power; the end justifies the means—use whatever is necessary to achieve their goals
• Francisco Petrarch—started a library of classical manuscripts; wrote Sonnets to Laura
• Machiavelli—The Prince—guide to gain/maintain power; the end justifies the means—use whatever is necessary to achieve their goals
• Francisco Petrarch—started a library of classical manuscripts; wrote Sonnets to Laura
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Literature continued…Literature continued…• Cervantes—Don Quixote—mocked
Romantic notions of chivalry
• Shakespeare—Renown playwright—– Comedies—A Midsummer Night’s Dream– History—Richard III– Tragedies—Romeo & Juliet and Macbeth
• Cervantes—Don Quixote—mocked Romantic notions of chivalry
• Shakespeare—Renown playwright—– Comedies—A Midsummer Night’s Dream– History—Richard III– Tragedies—Romeo & Juliet and Macbeth
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LiteratureLiterature
• Castiglione– wrote a “how to” book explaining how to become Renaissance people—The Book of the Courtier
• Castiglione– wrote a “how to” book explaining how to become Renaissance people—The Book of the Courtier
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Reasons for the success of Renaissance Literature
Reasons for the success of Renaissance Literature
• Development of printing
• 1300’s = papermaking
• 1400’s = movable type
• 1456 = Johann Gutenburg (German)-printed a Bible with movable type
• Books = cheaper, easier to produce, more available
• Development of printing
• 1300’s = papermaking
• 1400’s = movable type
• 1456 = Johann Gutenburg (German)-printed a Bible with movable type
• Books = cheaper, easier to produce, more available
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Renaissance ArtRenaissance Art
• Still used religious images/figures (icons)
• Revived classical form
• Focused on realism
• Used perspective—technique that gives art three dimensions
• Still used religious images/figures (icons)
• Revived classical form
• Focused on realism
• Used perspective—technique that gives art three dimensions
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Leonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci
• Mona Lisa
• Last Supper
• Dissected corpses to study bones and muscles
• Sketches of flying machines and undersea boats
• Mona Lisa
• Last Supper
• Dissected corpses to study bones and muscles
• Sketches of flying machines and undersea boats
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Last Supper
Mona Lisa
Vitruvian Man
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MichelangeloMichelangelo
• David—statue of the shepherd that killed Goliath
• Designed the dome for St. Peter’s in Rome
• David—statue of the shepherd that killed Goliath
• Designed the dome for St. Peter’s in Rome
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David
Ceiling of Sistine ChapelCreation of Man
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RaphaelRaphael
• School of Athens—gathering of thinkers (Plato, Aristotle, …)
• Madonna—mother of Christ portrayals
• School of Athens—gathering of thinkers (Plato, Aristotle, …)
• Madonna—mother of Christ portrayals
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School of Athens
An example of a Madonna by Raphael
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Northern RenaissanceNorthern Renaissance
• 1450’s—region of Flanders (today—N. France, Belgium and Netherlands)
• 1450’s—region of Flanders (today—N. France, Belgium and Netherlands)
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Northern ArtistsNorthern Artists• Albrecht Durer—German; studied in
Italy; returned home—helped to spread the Italian Renaissance to his homeland (nickname—German Leonardo)
• Jan and Hubert van Eyck—oil painters; paintings
• Albrecht Durer—German; studied in Italy; returned home—helped to spread the Italian Renaissance to his homeland (nickname—German Leonardo)
• Jan and Hubert van Eyck—oil painters; paintings
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Durer--Eve Durer—A Young Hare
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Jan van Eyck—The Betrothal of the Arnolfini
Jan van Eyck—Portrait of a Man in a Turban
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Northern Artists continued…Northern Artists continued…
• Pieter Bruegel—scenes of peasant life• Pieter Bruegel—scenes of peasant life
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Pieter Bruegel—Netherlandish ProverbsPieter Bruegel—The Harvesters
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ScholarsScholars• In addition to classical learning—they
emphasized religious and moral reform
– Desiderius Erasmus—(Dutch) challenged corruption in the church; In Praise of Folly—used humor to highlight immoral behavior of the clergy—called for a vernacular translation of the Bible
• In addition to classical learning—they emphasized religious and moral reform
– Desiderius Erasmus—(Dutch) challenged corruption in the church; In Praise of Folly—used humor to highlight immoral behavior of the clergy—called for a vernacular translation of the Bible
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ScholarsScholars
• Sir Thomas More—(English) Utopia—wanted social/economic reform; ideal society—where people live in peace
• Sir Thomas More—(English) Utopia—wanted social/economic reform; ideal society—where people live in peace