Prepared by:

ARCHT. JEYCARTER A. TILOY, UAP

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2

EARLY PERIOD (1494-1589) or 16th century.The special character of this transitional period lies in the combination ofGothic

and Renaissance features to form a picturesque ensemble, while in Italy, a ,return to classic forms took place, In France there was a period of transition, during which Renaissance details were grafted on to such Gothic features as flying buttresses and pinnacles.

CLASSICAL PERIOD (1589-1715) or 17th century.The period is notable for the dignity, sobriety and masculine quality of its

foremost buildings, resulting from the subordination of plan, composition and detail of the unity of the whole, and the charity and simplicity with which the elements were used. Ornament, though somewhat coarse, is vigorous and reasonably restrained.

LATE PERIOD 18th century. (RococoStyle)Architecturally, three stylistic phases may be distinguished.

1. sovereign Louis XV

2. sovereign Louis XVI

3. Empire - 1790-1830

ROCOCO - a type of Renaissance ornament in which rock-like forms, fantastic scrolls, and crimped shells are worked up together in a profusion and confusion ofdetail often without organic coherence, but presenting a lavish display of decoration.

The Renaissance in France

French Renaissance architecture is the style of architecture which was imported to France from Italy during the early 16th century and developed in the light of local architectural traditions.

During the early years of the 16th century the French were involved in wars in northern Italy, bringing back to France not just the Renaissance art treasures as their war booty, but also stylistic ideas. In the Loire Valley a wave of building was carried and many Renaissance chateaux appeared at this time, the earliest example being the Château d'Amboise.

his

tory

of arc

hitectu

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FRANCE

COUNTRY HOUSES

• Country houses took the place of fortified castles

Some examples:

Chateau de Justice, Rouen

Chateau d'O, Mortree

Chateau de Josselin

Chateau de Blois

Chateau d'Azay-Rideau

Chateau de Chenonceaux

Chateau de Chambord

• Designed by an Italian, Domenico da Cortona

• Semi-fortified palace, most famous in Loire district

Chateau de Maisons

• One of the most harmonious of all chateaux

• Designed by Francois Mansart on a symmetrical E-plan

Palaise du Louvre, Paris

• Built from Francis I to Napoleon III

• Together with Tuilleries, 45 acres constituting one of the

most imposing palaces in Europe

Renaissance

PRE-HISTORIC

NEAR EAST

EGYPTIAN

GREEK

ROMAN

EARLY CHRISTIAN

BYZANTINE

ROMANESQUE

GOTHIC

RENAISSANCE

18TH-19TH C REVIVAL

20TH C MODERN

ISLAMIC

INDIAN

CHINESE & JAPANESE

FILIPINO

his

tory

of arc

hitectu

re

Petit Trianon, Versailles

• Designed by JA Gabriel for Louis XV

• One of most superb pieces of domestic architecture of

the century

CHURCHES

Church of the Val de Grace, Paris

• Projecting portal by Francois Mansart, dome by

Lemercier

St. Gervais, Paris

• earliest wholly-classical church facade

• by Salomon de Brosse

St. Etienne du Mont, Paris

Renaissance

PRE-HISTORIC

NEAR EAST

EGYPTIAN

GREEK

ROMAN

EARLY CHRISTIAN

BYZANTINE

ROMANESQUE

GOTHIC

RENAISSANCE

18TH-19TH C REVIVAL

20TH C MODERN

ISLAMIC

INDIAN

CHINESE & JAPANESE

FILIPINO

FRENCH RENAISSANCE

CHATEAU DE BLOISby Louis XII, completed by Francois Mansart

The Renaissance in France – the Chateaux

The cultural center of France in the early 16th c was not Paris, but the valley of the

Loire, where the king and his nobles maintained elaborate chateaux or castles for

leisure, entertaining and attending to the pleasures of the hunt. Blois in particular

illustrates the transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance style. Blois in

particular illustrates the transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance through

the successive stages of its construction.

The Chateaux de ChambordBy Domenico de Cortona.

In contrast to this town-based chateau, the Chateaux de Chambord (1519-47) was built in

the countryside in the style of a fortified castle within a bailey or outer wall, thus neatly

overlaying Renaissance symmetry and detailing on a fundamentally medieval building type.

The Louvre, Paris (begun

1546)

By Pierre Lescot

The Louvre Palace was altered

frequently throughout the Middle

Ages. In the 14th century, Charles V

converted the building into a

residence and in 1546, Francis I

renovated the site in the French

Renaissance style.

The Place des Vosges, Paris, 1605

Originally known as the Place Royale, the Place des Vosges was built by Henri IV from 1605 to 1612. A true square (140 m x 140 m), it embodied the first European program of royal city planning and is the oldest planned square in Paris.

What was new about the Place Royale in 1612 was that the housefronts were all built to the same design, probably by Baptiste du Cerceau, of red brick with strips of stone quoins over vaulted arcades that stand on square pillars. The steeply-pitched blue slate roofs are pierced with discreet small-paned

FRENCH RENAISSANCE

PALAIS DE FOUNTAINEBLEAUGilles Le Breton

CHURCH OF THE VAL DE GRACE, Paris

François Mansart(13 January 1598 - 23 September 1666)

French architect

CHATEAU DE MAISONS

The Royal Palace at Versailles

Architecture and Art in the Service of

Absolute Power

FRENCH RENAISSANCE

PALAIS DE VERSAILLES

Description

• Versailles, France

• Northern France

• 10 miles from Paris

• 2,014 acres

• Served as French

royalty’s estate

• Served as national

government center

• Currently a museum

ARCHITECTS OF THE VERSAILLES

Louis Le Vau (1612 – 11 October 1670)French architect

André Le Nôtre(12 March 1613 – 15

September 1700)French landscapearchitect

Ange-Jacques Gabriel (23 October 1698 – 4 January 1782)French architect.He designed the Petit Trianon and L'Opéra Royal de Versailles (Royal Operaof Versailles)

First stage of the enlargement of the

hunting lodge of Louis XIII (built in 1624)

into the Palace at Versailles under Louis

XIV (1668-9) by Louis LeVau; the black

portions of the plan represent this stage.

History

• Represents absolutism

and affluent royal

• Built as hunting lodge

(1631-1634) for Louis

XIII

• Louis XIV (right)

renovated (1661-1710) it

into the lavish estate

that it is today

• UNESCO World heritage

site

Some facts and information about Versailles

Louis XIV proclaimed Versailles to be the seat of the government on

May 6, 1682. In effect, the entire bureaucracy moved from Paris to the

suburban villa of the king.

The court consisted of 20,000 persons that included 9,000 soldiers,

5,000 servants, 1,000 great lords and members of the nobility, 1,000

lesser aristocrats (who visited the court on a daily basis) and 4-5,000

bureaucrats to manage the official business.

The court was further supported by 2,500 horses, 200 coaches, and

5,000 hunting dogs.

The great lords and members of the nobility were required to live at

Versailles--in the palace--so that the king could keep track of them.

They were required to wear entirely new clothing (down to their

linens) for the king’s fetes and other important social occasions. They

could beg permission to return to their lands periodically in order to

regroup financially!

Breakdown

• Grand Apartments

• Queen’s apartments

• King’s apartments

• Hall of Mirrors

• Chapels

• L’Opera

• Museum

• Gardens

• Grand Canal

• Walks

• Additions

Chambers…

Chambers Continued…

Hall of Mirrors

• La Galerie des Glaces

• Most famous room

• Created after the Dutch War in

1678

• Louis XIV

• Location of the signing of the

Treaty of Versailles, which

ended WWI

Hall of Mirrors Structure

• 17 arcaded mirrors

• Large windows

• 73 meters long, 10.5

meters wide

• Decorated with

chandeliers,

thousands of candles,

paintings, sculptures

and bronze

La Salon de Guerre (Salon of War) was

the prelude to the Hall of Mirrors. The

relief portrait by Coysevox is based on…

The Hall of Mirrors: the axis between war and peace crosses

the axis of absolute power.

The Ambassadors’ Staircase

The queen’s apartments

The bedroom of Louis XIV,

site of the rituals called “Le

Grand Lever” and “Le Grand

Coucher.”

Gardens

• 230 acres

• Begun by Louis XIV in 1661

• 40 years construction

• Includes Grand Canal

• 50 fountains, 200,000 trees,

210,000 flowers annually

Fountains

The garden façade seen from the “Tapis vert” (green carpet) of

the Versailles Park

The palace situated

between the village of

Versailles and the park

with grand avenues

radiating from the

Court of Honor

The garden in detail reflects the

geometry of the plan at the urban

and regional scale.

The principal approach

connected with the Champs

Elysees in Paris.

Naval battles were

staged on the lagoon to

the west of the sloping

grass terrace

The fountains with

the main e-w axis in

view.

The fountains from a bird’s eye view of Versailles Park

The site

Court of Honor

Garden Façade in

the scheme of 1669

by Louis LeVau

In 1678, Jules-Hardouin

Mansart filled in the center

section of west side to create

the Hall of Mirrors (Galerie

des Glaces) as part of a major

expansion of the palace.

The Mansart expansion

of Versailles brought

the total length of the

garden façade to about

one-third of a mile.

Main pavilion

with south

wing, viewed

from the south