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Recycled Waste in Concrete

This presentation was created thanks to the support of FRVŠ

project 915/2013 B1d „Tools for teaching design of concrete

and masonry structures in English“

Ing. Vladimíra Vytlačilová, PhD.

2013©vv, CTU in Prague

Recycled materials in the building industry

• Application of recycled materials in the building industry is

important for sustainable development and keeping of

primary sources of each country.

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Terminology

• Recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) are aggregates produced

by the crushing of original concrete (inorganic material previously

used in construction and principally comprising crushed

concrete).

• Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is concrete produced from

recycled aggregates or a combination of recycled and

conventional aggregates such as sand, gravel, or crushed stone.

Sometimes is referred to as new concrete. RCA is obtained from

crushing demolished concrete structures, discarded precast

elements and unused hardened concrete.

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Terminology

• Construction and demolition waste are waste materials which

arise from the construction or demolition of buildings and/or civil

engineering infrastructure, including hard C&D waste and

excavation waste, whether segregated or mixed. Could be broken

concrete, bricks, masonry, soil, asphalt, tiles, wood, plastic, metal

a.o. from demolished buildings.

• Recycled concrete (RC) or concrete rubble (CR) is hardened

(old) concrete that has been processed for reuse, usually as

aggregates. It has been demolished and removed from

pavements, bridges, foundations, or buildings and crushed into

various sizes for reuse.

• Recycled masonry or brick (RM) or masonry rubble (MR) is old

masonry from building that has been processed for reuse, usually

as aggregates. It contains a certain amount of mortar debris.

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Waste hierarchy

• The waste hierarchy is a classification of waste

management options in order of their environmental impact

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Construction and Demolition waste (C&DW)

• Construction and Demolition waste constitutes a major

portion of total solid waste production in the world, and most

of it is used in land fills

Quarter to third of the weight of all produced waste

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Effective way to reduce the CDW

• The most effective way to reduce the waste problem in

construction is agreed in implementing reuse, recycling and

reduced the use of a construction material in construction

activities.

Construction& Demolition Waste

Recycling Reprocessing Reuse Relocation

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Life cycle of building products

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Benefits of Recycling

• Reduces the amount of waste sent to landfills and

incinerators

• Conserves natural resources such as timber, water, and

minerals

• Prevents pollution by reducing the need to collect new raw

materials

• Saves energy

• Reduces greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to

global climate change

• Helps sustain the environment for future generations

• Helps create new well-paying jobs in the recycling and

manufacturing industries

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Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste

• Construction waste occurs on account of building

constructions and building renovations,and results from

surplus material (excess supplies), damaged or broken

material, cut-off pieces, processing waste, dismantled

shuttering.

• Demolition waste can result from natural disasters

(earthquakes;vandalism and other man-made events;

accidents (impact, explosions,fires, collapse of weak

structures); or from the demolition of built structures

(including roads,bridges, etc.) for renovation or complete

removal or renewal.

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Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste

• Concrete,

• Masonry

• Metal

• Hazardous Materials

• Wood

• Glass

• Paper

• Cardboard

• Drywall

• Plastic

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Recycling centre

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Crushing and screening plant

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Recycled aggregates

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Recycled aggregate

• Masonry rubble

Fraction: 0/4 mm, 0/8 mm, 0/22 mm, 0/32 mm

• Concrete rubble

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Increasing amount of

concrete and masonry waste in

the CR

~1600 [kt]/ Year 2010 – Masonry waste

~1200 [kt]/ Year 2010 – Concrete waste

Only very little recycled aggregate

is used for structure in building industry.

~ 22-27% from total production of building waste

Recycled aggregate Motivation - Recycling

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Recycling in the Czech Republic

• Mostly recycled materials come from the recycled waste of

bricks, concrete, asphalt, mixed building waste, various

types of aggregates and soil.

• There are more then 200 recycling centers (static and

mobile) and deposits, in the Czech Republic which process

construction and demolition waste.

• The total yearly capacity of all the recycling centers in the

Czech Republic is about 7.5 million tons, which is 50 %

more than the actual production of recycled materials.

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Recycling in CR

• The Association for development in recycling of building

materials (ARSM) summarizes the yearly output C&DW

since 1999.

• Since 2007 summarizes the yearly data of waste inclusive

construction and demolition waste the Czech Environmental

Information Agency (CENIA). This agency files the

information of waste management in database ISOH.

• Between 2002 and 2006, the data were administered by the

T. G. Masaryk Water Research Institute, a public research

institution – the Waste Management Centre.

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Recycling in the Czech Republic

Total production of crushed demolition waste in recycling

centers in the Czech Republic

(in thousand tons)

1549

1996

1616

1392

17111664

1409

990

589488

1155

1611

11121233

994

385

12551014

615

467

834788

653546

963766 761

861 919

1340

1313

602

1815

899

1108

11631132

1224

0

500

1000

1500

2000

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Year

Tota

l pro

duction [kt]

Masonry [ARSM]

Concrete [ARSM]

Masonry [CENIA]

Concrete [CENIA]

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Technological criteria

Technical criteria

Organizational criteria

Economical criteria

Legislative criteria

Ecological criteria

Material criteria

Socio - cultural criteria

RE

CYC

LI

NG

Criteria in recycling process

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Waste PET bottles

Fibres cut from waste PET bottles:

• tensile strength ~ 50 – 80 MPa

• length ~ 60-90 mm

• width ~ 1-2 mm

PET bottles waste problem PET bottles waste

Fibres to fibre reinforced concrete

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Fibre reinforced concrete from masonry rubble

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Use of recycled concrete

Concrete Blocks

Source:http://www.eliteprecast.co.uk