RAPID RURAL APPRAISAL

(RRA)

AND

PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL

(PRA)By- Pooja Garg, Saba,

Mavera Nehal

RRA Rapid Rural Appraisal consists of a series of

techniques for "quick and dirty" research that are claimed to generate results of less apparent precision, but greater evidential value, than classic quantitative survey techniques

RRA (and analogs) emerged in the 1970s as a more efficient and cost-effective way of learning by outsiders, particularly about agricultural systems, than was possible by large-scale social surveys or brief rural visits by urban professionals.

Multi-disciplinary team, and its chief techniques include:

Review of secondary sources, including aerial photos, even brief aerial observation

Direct observation, foot transects, familiarization, participation in activities

Interviews with key informants, group interviews, workshops

Mapping, diagramming Biographies, local histories, case studies Ranking and scoring Time lines Short simple questionnaires, towards end of process Rapid report writing in the field.

PRA  A growing combination of approaches and methods

that enable rural people to share, enhance and analyze their knowledge of life and conditions, to plan and act and to monitor and evaluate.

Emerged in 1980’s in Kenya. PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) used by

NGOs and other agencies involved in International Development

A set of participatory and largely visual techniques for assessing group and community resources

 Identifying and prioritizing problems Appraising strategies for solving problems.

Different tools are used to gather and analyze information

In PRA, data collection and analysis are undertaken by local people, with outsiders facilitating rather than controlling

Outsider facilitates local people in analyzing information, practicing critical self awareness, taking responsibility and sharing their knowledge of life and conditions to plan and to act

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To incorporate the knowledge and

opinions of rural people in the planning and management of development projects and programs

To acquaint the participant with the basic concept and methods of the participatory rural appraisal techniques

PRA as additional concept in RRA

Empowerment Respect Localization Enjoyment Inclusiveness

PRICIPLES OF PRA: Using optimal ignorance Offsetting biases Be gender sensitive at all times. Reversal of roles Seeking for diversity and differences Learning rapidly and progressively

(flexible and interactive) Attitude

FEATURES OF PRA: Interactive Innovative Informal In the community

Methods and techniques in PRA

Transact walk Resource map

Methods and techniques in PRA

Seasonal calendar

Ranking

Matrix

Venn diagram or Chapatti diagram

Timelines

Methods and techniques in PRA

Daily activity clock FGD’s (focused group discussions) Workshops

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ‘PRA’ AND ‘RRA’

PRA RRA In PRA, information is

owned and shared by local people. Outsiders (professionals) go to rural areas but they facilitate rural people in collections, presentation and analysis of information by themselves.

The information is owned by rural people but usually shared with outsiders.

In RRA, information is elicited and extracted by outsiders. In other words, people go the rural areas, obtain information and then bring it away to the process and analyze.

The information is owned by outsiders and often not shared with rural people.

PRA RRA Capacity building for

improved decision making at community level, situational analysis, planning and monitoring by community

Team composed of villagers, sometimes facilitated by CRS staff person that works with larger community

Inform project design, gather baseline information, monitor and evaluate

Multi- disciplinary team of CRS staff and specialists

PRA RRA Communities where

project activities will take place

Ongoing throughout the life of project. Usually begins with training initial situational analysis (appx 10 days) leading to Community Action Plan

Limited number of representative sites

Discrete studies, usually lasting 5-7 days

THANK YOU!!