QUIZ 1.What is the science that describes, names and classifies organisms? 2.Linnaeus classified...
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Transcript of QUIZ 1.What is the science that describes, names and classifies organisms? 2.Linnaeus classified...
QUIZ 1. What is the science that describes, names
and classifies organisms?
2. Linnaeus classified organisms according to their ______ & ______.
3. (True or False) Binomial nomenclature gives the phylum and genus names.
4. What is the species name for humans?
Linnaean System
Developed a 2 - part naming system called
Binomial Nomenclature
Genus name followed by species identifier
• Written in italics Genus name capitalized
• Latin roots & descriptive name
example: Homo sapiens
•Subspecies (variations of a species living in different areas) name follows species identifier
SystematicsDescribing, classifying and naming organisms in
terms of their natural relationships
Natural relationships = physical features, embryos, genes in the nucleus, DNA & RNA
Biologist can choose & combine systems of classification but the classification should reflect Phylogeny
What is Phylogeny?
Hypothesis of the evolutionary history of species or taxonomic group
Phylogenetics – the evolutionary relationships among organisms;
• Compare visible similarities among current living or fossils or compare chromosomes and macromolecules
• Represent hypotheses in the form of phylogenetic diagram also called phylogenetic tree
Activity 2
• Create a Phylogenetic tree
• Family tree
you – parents- grand parents- great grandparent & so on.
What natural relationships does your tree represent?
Systematics• Compares homologous features items that
share a common ancestry • Important to separate from analogous
features similar because they have similar function
The greater the number of homologous features shared by two organisms the
closer they are related
CLADISTICS A phylogenetic classification system that uses
shared derived characters & ancestry as the only criteria for grouping taxa
• Shared character – feature that all members of a group have in common
• Derived character – feature that evolved only within the group under consideration
CLADISTICS• Clad – group of organisms that include an
ancestor plus all of its descendants
• Cladograms – phylogenetic diagrams