Diversity and Classification. Taxonomy “The science of naming organisms and assigning them to...

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Diversity and Classification

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Page 1: Diversity and Classification. Taxonomy “The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups.” Taxa- groups to which Linnaeus assigned organisms;

Diversity and Classification

Page 2: Diversity and Classification. Taxonomy “The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups.” Taxa- groups to which Linnaeus assigned organisms;

Taxonomy

“The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups.”

Taxa- groups to which Linnaeus assigned organisms; taxon (singular)

The biological classification of organisms is based on a set of rules.

Page 3: Diversity and Classification. Taxonomy “The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups.” Taxa- groups to which Linnaeus assigned organisms;

Classification Systems

• Why classify organisms?

• What are characteristics of a good classification system?

Page 4: Diversity and Classification. Taxonomy “The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups.” Taxa- groups to which Linnaeus assigned organisms;

Connection to Natural SelectionNatural selection produces:

1. individuals that are adapted to their environment.2. and new species

This generates biodiversity.

In order to study biodiversity, scientists must organize species by classifying them into groups.

Page 5: Diversity and Classification. Taxonomy “The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups.” Taxa- groups to which Linnaeus assigned organisms;

Why classify organisms?

1. Classification assigns a universally accepted species name.

2. Taxonomic groups (kingdom, phylum, etc.) have biological meaning.

Page 6: Diversity and Classification. Taxonomy “The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups.” Taxa- groups to which Linnaeus assigned organisms;

Carlos Linnaeus (1707-1778)

• Swedish Botanist & “father of taxonomy”

• Systema Naturae

• Binomial nomenclature

• Genus

• specific epithet

(species)

Page 7: Diversity and Classification. Taxonomy “The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups.” Taxa- groups to which Linnaeus assigned organisms;

Systema Naturae

• printed in the Netherlands in 1735. It was an eleven page work.

• By the time it reached its 10th edition (1758), it classified 4,400 species of animals and 7,700 species of plants.

Page 8: Diversity and Classification. Taxonomy “The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups.” Taxa- groups to which Linnaeus assigned organisms;

Binomial Nomenclature

• Latin• genus• species

• example: Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens

Page 9: Diversity and Classification. Taxonomy “The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups.” Taxa- groups to which Linnaeus assigned organisms;

Biological Classification

Page 10: Diversity and Classification. Taxonomy “The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups.” Taxa- groups to which Linnaeus assigned organisms;

TaxaKing- Kingdom Phillip- Phylum Came- Class Over- Order For- Family Green- Genus Spaghetti- Species

Page 11: Diversity and Classification. Taxonomy “The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups.” Taxa- groups to which Linnaeus assigned organisms;

example

Page 12: Diversity and Classification. Taxonomy “The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups.” Taxa- groups to which Linnaeus assigned organisms;

Biological Kingdoms

• Two Kingdoms- Linnaeus, 1758

• Three Kingdoms- Earnst Haeckel, 1866

• Five Kingdoms- Whittaker, 1869

Page 13: Diversity and Classification. Taxonomy “The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups.” Taxa- groups to which Linnaeus assigned organisms;

Whittaker’s Five Kingdoms1. Monera- unicellular; bacteria and blue-green

algae (prokaryotes)

2. Protista- unicellular organisms (eukaryotes); both plant-like and animal-like forms

3. Fungi- multicellular, heterotrophs; yeasts, molds, mushrooms,

4. Plantae- multicellular, vascular plants, photosynthetic

5. Animalia- metazoans, heterotrophs

Page 14: Diversity and Classification. Taxonomy “The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups.” Taxa- groups to which Linnaeus assigned organisms;

Kingdoms- present day

Page 15: Diversity and Classification. Taxonomy “The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups.” Taxa- groups to which Linnaeus assigned organisms;

What is a species?

Page 16: Diversity and Classification. Taxonomy “The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups.” Taxa- groups to which Linnaeus assigned organisms;

Biological Species Concept

A species is a population of organisms that actively or potentially interbreed, producing viable offspring and which remain reproductively isolated from other such populations.

Page 17: Diversity and Classification. Taxonomy “The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups.” Taxa- groups to which Linnaeus assigned organisms;
Page 18: Diversity and Classification. Taxonomy “The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups.” Taxa- groups to which Linnaeus assigned organisms;
Page 19: Diversity and Classification. Taxonomy “The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups.” Taxa- groups to which Linnaeus assigned organisms;

How many species are there on Earth?

Currently there are about 1.4 million species described.

Current estimates of the total number of species on Earth range from 5 to 30 million (Environmental Literacy Council).

The 2005 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment notes approximately 2 million have been formally described.

Page 20: Diversity and Classification. Taxonomy “The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups.” Taxa- groups to which Linnaeus assigned organisms;

Over half of all described animal species are insects, including nearly 300,000 known beetles.

Page 21: Diversity and Classification. Taxonomy “The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups.” Taxa- groups to which Linnaeus assigned organisms;

Recently Extinct Species

Dodo Bird Thylacine- “Tasmanian Wolf”

Page 22: Diversity and Classification. Taxonomy “The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups.” Taxa- groups to which Linnaeus assigned organisms;

Extinction Statistics


ECOLOGY The study of interactions among organisms & their environment Ecologists divide environmental factors that influence organisms into 2 groups:

ECOLOGY The study of interactions among organisms & their environment Ecologists divide environmental factors that influence organisms into 2 groups:

Organisms interactions. Carl Linnaeus is the father of Science Nomenclature: The system used for classifying organisms. In the plant and animal kingdoms.

Organisms interactions. Carl Linnaeus is the father of Science Nomenclature: The system used for classifying organisms. In the plant and animal kingdoms.

Seminar # 1: Marine Invertebrate Classification. Standard Classification Developed by Carolus Linnaeus in the 18 th century Organizes organisms into groups.

Seminar # 1: Marine Invertebrate Classification. Standard Classification Developed by Carolus Linnaeus in the 18 th century Organizes organisms into groups.

Chapter 15-18: Classification of Organisms. Taxonomy Classification & naming of life Carolus (Carl) Linnaeus –Binomial nomenclature.

Chapter 15-18: Classification of Organisms. Taxonomy Classification & naming of life Carolus (Carl) Linnaeus –Binomial nomenclature.

YADE - OHNENAME · Cobitis taenia (Linnaeus, 1758) Pungitius pungitius (Linnaeus, 1758) Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus, 1758) Perca fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) Abramis brama (Linnaeus,

YADE - OHNENAME · Cobitis taenia (Linnaeus, 1758) Pungitius pungitius (Linnaeus, 1758) Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus, 1758) Perca fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) Abramis brama (Linnaeus,

Classification - Weeblymah-slc-2016-2017.weebly.com/.../85350066/classification.pdfCLASSIFICATION • According to Carl Linnaeus organisms may be classified in the following order:

Classification - Weeblymah-slc-2016-2017.weebly.com/.../85350066/classification.pdfCLASSIFICATION • According to Carl Linnaeus organisms may be classified in the following order:

Biologists use 7 Levels of Classification Linnaeus named about 4000 species –Carolus Linnaeus developed systems for naming & organizing species into groups.

Biologists use 7 Levels of Classification Linnaeus named about 4000 species –Carolus Linnaeus developed systems for naming & organizing species into groups.

Taxonomy of fishes. classification hierarchical grouping of organisms (used by Linnaeus,1758) taxonomy science of biological nomenclature (formal rules.

Taxonomy of fishes. classification hierarchical grouping of organisms (used by Linnaeus,1758) taxonomy science of biological nomenclature (formal rules.

ALien CLassification - Home page - HomeScientists use classification to sort living organisms into groups. The groups show the relationships between organisms, and provide a way to

ALien CLassification - Home page - HomeScientists use classification to sort living organisms into groups. The groups show the relationships between organisms, and provide a way to

Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758 · Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758 ... Because of the efficiencies of farm husbandry practices, ... marine organisms, ...

Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758 · Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758 ... Because of the efficiencies of farm husbandry practices, ... marine organisms, ...

Origin of high-rank groups of organisms

Origin of high-rank groups of organisms

Taxonomy Classification of Organisms. What is Taxonomy? Taxonomy organizes organisms into groups. Taxonomy organizes organisms into groups. Species that.

Taxonomy Classification of Organisms. What is Taxonomy? Taxonomy organizes organisms into groups. Taxonomy organizes organisms into groups. Species that.

MICROSCOPY. LAST CLASS We discussed Taxonomy, and the Linnaeus system of classifying organisms Who can remember the subgroups in Linnaeus Taxonomy? Hint:

MICROSCOPY. LAST CLASS We discussed Taxonomy, and the Linnaeus system of classifying organisms Who can remember the subgroups in Linnaeus Taxonomy? Hint:

1.14 Why are organisms classified into groups ?

1.14 Why are organisms classified into groups ?

Carolus Linnaeus System for Classifying Organismsiteachly.com/.../3...Carolus-Linnaeus-System-for-Classifying-Organisms.pdf · Carolus Linnaeus’ System for Classifying Organisms

Carolus Linnaeus System for Classifying Organismsiteachly.com/.../3...Carolus-Linnaeus-System-for-Classifying-Organisms.pdf · Carolus Linnaeus’ System for Classifying Organisms

Organisms, Groups and Superorganism

Organisms, Groups and Superorganism

Classification Organisms are classified into a hierarchical classification that groups closely related organisms and progressively includes more and.

Classification Organisms are classified into a hierarchical classification that groups closely related organisms and progressively includes more and.

Diversity in Living Organisms-The hierarchy of classification groups

Diversity in Living Organisms-The hierarchy of classification groups

CLASSIFICATION Organization of things/organisms into related groups based on similarities.

CLASSIFICATION Organization of things/organisms into related groups based on similarities.

Classification - ktennant.weebly.com · Taxonomy –science of classifying organisms. Carolus Linnaeus (year 1735) “father of modern taxonomy” Based on structural similarities.

Classification - ktennant.weebly.com · Taxonomy –science of classifying organisms. Carolus Linnaeus (year 1735) “father of modern taxonomy” Based on structural similarities.