ClassificationClassification

TaxonomyTaxonomy

• The branch of biology that classifies organisms into taxa (taxon is singular)

The Seven TaxaThe Seven Taxa

• Kingdom (most diverse)

• Phylum

• Class

• Order

• Family

• Genus

• Species (least diverse)

• If an organism is in the same family, then they are also in the same order, class, phylum, and kingdom.

• For example, a bobcat, a house cat, and a lion are all in the same family (Felidae)

Comparing Dogs and GorillasComparing Dogs and Gorillas

• Dog Gorilla• Kingdom Animalia Animalia• Phylum Chordata Chordata• Class Mammalia Mammalia• Order Carnivora Primates• Family Canidae Hominidae• Genus Canis Gorilla• Species familiaris gorilla

Red PandaRed Panda

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Carnivora

Family: Ailuridae

Genus: Ailurus

Species: A. fulgens

Naming OrganismsNaming Organisms

• Organisms are named by their genus name followed by the species

• Genus is ALWAYS capitalized and the species is ALWAYS lowercase.

• Both names are italicized (or underlined if handwritten)

• This system is called binomial nomenclature

• When three scientific names are used to specify a subspecies, the system is called trinomial nomenclature

• What is the scientific name for the red panda?

Who is more closely related?Who is more closely related?

• The scientific name for a red maple tree is Acer rubrum

• Quercus rubrum or Acer saccharum

• Acer is the genus for maple trees

• Quercus is the genus for oak trees

Who is the red panda closer related Who is the red panda closer related to?to?

• Giant Panda or

• Raccoon

6 Kingdoms6 Kingdoms

• Aristotle first classified organisms into 2 kingdoms: Plants and Animals

• Microscopes changed the way we classify organisms and eventually they decided to go to a five kingdom system

• Recent technology has shown that some bacteria have different gene sequences than any other organism on earth.

• This led to the formation of a new kingdom: Archaebacteria

• Most scientists use the 6 kingdom system

The Six KingdomsThe Six Kingdoms

• Archaebacteria- bacteria that live in extreme conditions

• Eubacteria- (aka Monera) typical bacteria• Protista- algae, protozoa, slime molds• Fungi- molds, mushrooms, yeasts• Plantae- mosses, ferns, grasses, vegetable

plants, trees• Animalia- sponges, jellyfish, worms, insects, fish,

frogs, lizards, birds, kangaroos

Classification based on Classification based on Evolutionary RelationshipsEvolutionary Relationships

• Scientists look at more than just physical traits: fossil record and molecular data

• The evolutionary history of a group of species is called phylogeny

• Phylogenies are like family trees• The most common way to make

evolutionary trees is cladistics (classification based on common ancestry)

• A cladogram is an evolutionary tree

Methods of TransportationMethods of Transportation

wheels

motor

Passengers enclosed

wings