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PUNJABI UNIVERSITY, PATIALA Schemes of Studies and Examination for the B.Sc (Agriculture)

Part – II 2015-2016, 2016-17, 2017-18 Examinations

Part - II (Semester - III) Paper

No.

Subject Paper Period per week Marks Internal

Assessment

Total

Marks

Theory Practical Total

I English Theory 6 0 6 75 25 100

II Soil Science Theory 6 3 9 44 16 60

Practical 40 0 40

III Elements of Vegetable

Growing

Theory 6 3 9 44 16 60

Practical 40 0 40

IV Agri. Engg. & Land

Surveying

Theory 6 3 9 44 16 60

Practical 40 0 40

V Animal Husbandry Theory 4 3 7 44 16 60

Practical 40 0 40

VI Punjabi compulsory/ Mudla

Gian/Elementary Punjabi

Theory - - - 75 25 100

Total 33 12 45 600

Part - II (Semester - IV) Paper

No.

Subject Paper Period per week Marks Internal

Assessment

Total

Marks

Theory Practical Tota

l

VII Principles of Economics Theory 6 0 6 75 25 100

VIII Animal Management &

Breeding

Theory 4 3 7 44 16 60

Practical 40 0 40

IX Basic Botany Theory 6 3 9 44 16 60

Practical 40 0 40

X Field Crops Theory 6 3 9 44 16 60

Practical 40 0 40

XI Manures & Fertilizers Theory 6 3 9 44 16 60

Practical 40 0 40

XII Environmental & Road

Safety Awareness

Theory 6 0 6 70 30

Qualifying

Paper

100

XIII Punjabi compulsory/

Mudla Gian/Elementary

Punjabi

Theory - - - 75 25 100

Total 34 12 46 600

SYLLABUS OUTLINES OF TEST

SYLLABI AND COURSES OF READING FOR

B.Sc (AGRICULTURE) PART-II

SEMESTER-III

PAPER – I : ENGLISH B.Sc. (Agriculture) Part II (Semester-III)

English

(For the Sessions 2015-2016, 2016-2017 and 2017-2018)

Max Marks: 100 Theory: 75

Time Allowed: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 25

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A and B will be of

30 marks each. Section C will consist of 15 very short-answer type questions which will cover

the entire syllabus and carries 15 marks.

Text Prescribed: Eight short plays ed. by Jagdish Chander

(Waterloo and A Distant Relative not to be studied)

UNIT-I

1) One essay type question with an internal alternative based on character, summary,

significance of title.

15

2) Short answer questions. Five questions to be attempted out of the given eight in about 50-60

words each.

10

3) Explain with reference to context one dialogue out of the given two.

5

UNIT-II Text Prescribed: The Written Word: Vandana R. Singh

The Student's Companion: Wilfred D. Best.

1) Make a precis of the given passage and give it a suitable title.

10

2) Translation of a given passage of 15 sentences into English

15

3) One word substitute: The student is expected to attempt any five sentences out of the given

eight.

5

UNIT-III

Section C will cover the entire syllabus. All 15 questions to be answered in one sentence each.

15x1=15

PAPER - II : SOIL SCIENCE


Duration of the Paper: 3 hrs. Internal Assessment : 16

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A and B will have four questions

from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 7 marks each. The section C will consist of 8

short answer type questions which will cover the entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 16 marks in all.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt two questions from each section A and B and the entire section C.

Theory

Section–A Introductory knowledge of soil: A natural body, Edaphology and Pedology.

(1) Origin (Rocks and Minerals) Earth crust and its composition.

(2) Formation (Weathering): Soil forming processes and factors of soil formation

(3) Soil profile horizons.

(4) Elementary ideal systems of soil classification, their limitations and merits.

(5) Soil mineral matter, soil colloids, ionic properties of soil cation and anion exchange.

(6) Soil Organic matter –its composition, decomposition, function, humus formation, Maintenance.

(7) Soil air – its amount, capacity, composition, movement and importance.

(8) Soil temperature.

Section-B (1) Soil Reaction: Method of expression of pH value and buffering of soil.

(2) Acidic, saline and alkali soils; their formation, influence on plant growth and control.

(3) Lime requirements and liming of soil.

(4) Soil Micro- organisms.

(5) Influence of Micro – organisms on soil condition and plant growth.

(6) Important groups of Soils of Punjab and India, their distribution and properties, (Brief accounts

only).

(7) Soil as a three phase system, soil texture, Soil structure and its classification.

(8) Soil fertility and its management.

PRACTICALS

Max Marks : 40 Duration of the Paper: 3 hrs.

Identification of important rocks and minerals. Examination of soil profile in the fields. Soil sampling and

use of augers, soil survey of a farm. Determination of absolute and apparent specific gravity. Water

holding capacity, analysis of irrigation water for pH and conductivity. Interpretation of soil test report.

Books Recommended

Brady, Nyle CC : The Nature and properties of soil Macmillan Publishing Co.,

New Delhi

Tenhane R.V. Motiramani : Soil theory chemistry and fertility in tropical Asia.

D.P, Bali V.P & : Prentice hall of Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India.

Donnahue Royl.

Roth, H.D., and Turk L.H. : Fundamentals of soil science Wiley Eastern Pvt. Ltd.,

New Delhi.

Yawlkar, K.S.Aggarwal, J.P & : Manures & Fertilizer. Agri/KA, Publishing Co. Nagpur

Bakele S.

PAPER–III : ELEMENTS OF VEGETABLE GROWING

Max Marks: 60 Theory : 44






Section-A Scope, importance and types of vegetables, Cultivation practices including soil and climatic requirements,

Varieties, seed rate, time of sowing, spacing, Fertilizers and manures, Irrigation, Hoeing and weed

control, Plant population, Pests and diseases, Harvesting and yield of potato, Cole crops (Cabbages and

cauliflower), Root crops, Bulb crops, Peas and beans, Solanaceous fruit vegetables, cucurbits and okra.

Section-B Classification of vegetable crops, Storage and seed production of potato, cole crops (Cabbages and

cauliflower), Root crops, Bulb crops, Peas and beans, Solanaceous fruit vegetables, cucurbits and okra.

PRACTICALS


Identification of various crops, varieties and seeds. Preparation of field for sowing, transplanting of

different crops. Application of manures and fertilizers. Sowing, nursery raising, transplanting and other

cultural operations for various crops. Planting plants for different kinds of vegetables and calendar of

operations.

Note: The practical works done by the students during the semester is to be recorded in a note book which is to be signed by the teacher concerned. Candidates will be examined practically on

work recorded in the note book.

Books Recommended

M.S. Dhaliwal : Hand Book of Vegetable crops.

G.S. Sani : Text Book of vegetable production.

PAU Lud : Package of practices for cultivation of vegetables.

Yawlkar : Vegetable crops.

Vishnu Swarup : Vegetable science and technology in India.

Prem Nath, S. Velayudhan : Vegetables for Tropical Regions.

& D.P. Singh

M.K. Rana : Scientific Cultivation of Vegetables.

Paper-IV : Agricultural Engineering and Land Surveying


Duration of the Paper: 3 hrs. Internal Assessment: 16





Theory

Section-A Internal combustion (IC) Engines and terminology. Working principles of two stroke and four stroke

engines, Valve timing, Cooling, lubrication and governing systems. Simplest calculations of Horse

Power. Tractors, types and manufacturer Companies. Working and constructional details of centrifugal

pumps.

Principles of operation, elementary idea about constructional details and adjustments of Harrows, Mould

board plough, Disc plough, Cultivators, Seed–cum–fertilizer drills, Calibrations of Seed-cum-fertilizer

drills, Paddy transplanter, Potato planter, Maize planter and sugar cane planter, Harvesting combines.

Section-B Introduction to Principles of planning and construction of farm building including dairy Farm, Farm

Roads, their layout and formation. Main use of electricity on farms and in farm houses, selection of

electric motors for farms use, repair and maintenance of motors on the farm.

Introduction to Fundaments of Surveying – Chain Surveying : units, measurements and equipments for

chain survey. Simple, process of taking off sets, field books and plotting with conventional signs,

Instrument Surveying : adjustments, use and care of prismatic Compass Level. Leveling Measurement of

angles and simpler traverses recording levels.

PRACTICALS Max Marks : 40 Duration of the Paper: 3 hrs.

Study of fuel lubrication and cooling system of engines and transmission system in tractors. Battery

charging.

Use of surveying instruments, Measurement of distance by taking off – sets.

Finding angles between the lines with a prismatic : Determination of difference in heights of two points.

Study of Four stroke cycle engine. To study various parts of disc harrows, Seed Drills and power

Threshers. Calibration of seed drills.

Books Recommended OJha, T.P : Principles of Agri. Vol. –I Jain Brothers, Publishers, New Delhi.

Michale, A.M : Farm Power and Machinery, Kitab Mahal, Allahabad.

Smith Kanis Person : Farm Machinery and Equipments; Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing Co.

New Delhi.

Wills L. Hang : Agri. Engg. Land Surveying, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co.

New Delhi.

Jain,S.C. and Rai,C.R. : Tractor Engine.

PAPER-V : ANIMAL HUSBANDARY Max Marks: 60 Theory : 44





INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt two questions from each section A and B and the entire section C.

Theory

Section-A Importance of livestock to the Agriculture and its relation to National Economy. Livestock census, Milk

Production in India, Per capita consumption of milk in various states of India as compared with some

Western Countries.

Study of Breed of:

(i) Cow i.e. Sahiwal, Hariana Red Sindhi and their crosses with exotic breeds.

(ii) Buffaloes, Murrah, Nilli, Surti, Mehsana.

(iii) Other livestocks: breeds of sheep, pig, poultry commonly found in the state of Punjab, Haryana and

Himachal only.

(iv) Exotic Cows, Holsterin Fresion, Jersey, Red Dane and Brown Swiss.

General hints about selection of livestock, store – card performance, pedigree and history sheet.

Section-B Anatomy and physiology of digestion and reproduction of cattle and poultry, Endocrine organs.

Hormones and their role in animal body.

Feeding stuff and their classification, study of roughages, silage making and hay making and

concentrates. General principle of feeding cattle, buffaloes and poultry, preparation of ration, DCP &

TIN. Feeding standards, their merits, demerits and applicability under Indian conditions. Food

requirement for work, milk, meat and egg production.

PRACTICALS


External body parts of cow, sheep, pig and poultry. Alimentary organs of cow, sheep, pig and poultry.

Handling and methods of restraint for cows and buffaloes for milking. Selection and judging of cows,

buffaloes, bulls, bullocks and poultry.

Finding out weight of animals for body measurements by formula. Determination of age (a)

Dention (b) Horns. Numbering of animals :

(a) Tattoing (b) Notching

(c) Branding (d) Eartags

Dehorning : Canstic Touch Hot iron method, Electric Dehorner, Computation and preparation of rations

for cows, buffaloes, heifers, bulls, bullocks, sheep, pig and poultry.

Books Recommended

Singh, H., : Hand Book of Animal Husbandary, ICAR, New Delhi.

Harbans and Moore : Livestock and Poultry Production, Prentice Hall of India.

Pvt.Ltd. New Delhi.

Juergensens E.M. & Mortenson W.P. : Approved practices in Dairying,

Oxford I.B.U. Publishing, New Delhi.

Eigan, W.M. Reeges Paul, : Dairy Cattle Feed, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Morning & Williamson G.K. Payre, : Management Animal Husbandary in the Tropic,

Longam & Co. London.

W.J.A., G.S. Banerjee, : An Itroduction Text-Book of Animal Husbandary,

Oxford I.B.H. New Delhi.

Dev, D.S. : Poultry Farming, P.A.U. Bulletin.

Jagdishwar Sahai : Elements of Agriculture Engineering.

Irshad Ali : Agriculture Machinery & Land Surveying.

PAPER-VI : Punjabi compulsory/ Mudla Gian phHn?;;hH n?rohebuo$j'w ;kfJz; Gkr^d{ik, gzikph bkiawh (;w?;No shik ns/ u"Ek)

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gkmeqw ns/ gqPB^gZso dh o{g^o/yk

Gkr^T

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Gkr^J

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ੰਜਬ ਜ਼ਮ (ਮਾੁੱਢ ਼ਗਆਨ) 2017-18 ਸੁਸ਼ਨ ਈ

ਸਮੁਸਟਰ ਤਜ

ਕਾ ਅੰਕ : 100 ਸ ਹੂਣ ਈ ਅੰਕ : 35 ਅੰਦਰਿਨ ਮਾਾਂਕਣ : 25 ਅੰਕ ਅੰਦਰਿਨ ਮਾਾਂਕਣ ਼ਿਚੋਂ ਸ ਹੂਣ ਈ ਅੰਕ : 09 ਬਹਰ ਰ਼ਖਆ: 75 ਅੰਕ ਬਹਰ ਰ਼ਖਆ ਼ਿਚੋਂ ਸ ਹੂਣ ਈ ਅੰਕ : 26 ਸਮਾਂ : 3 ਘੰਟੀ (ਅ਼ਧਆਨ: 50 ਰਅਡ,)

ਠਕਰਮ ਅਤੀ ਪ੍ਰ਼ਸ਼ਨ-ੁੱਤਰ ਦ ਰਿ-ਰੀਖ ਭਗ-ੳ

਼ਨਰਧਰਤ ਾਸਤਕ: ੰਜਬ ਦ ਠ ਾਸਤਕ, ਬਦੀਿ ਼ਸੰਘ ਚਮ, ਬਕੀਸ਼ਨ ਼ਬਊਰੂ, ੰਜਬ ਯਿਨਿਰ਼ਸਟ, ਼ਟਆ (ਇਸ ਾਸਤਕ ਼ਿਚੋਂ ਕੀਿ ਕ਼ਿਤ ਿ ਭਗ ਇਸ ਸਮੁਸਟਰ ਦੀ ਼ਸੀਬਸ ਿਜੋਂ ਼ਹਿਆ ਜਣ ਹੁ।

ਭਗ- ਅ ਅ-1 ਼ਿਸ਼ਰਮ ਼ਚੰਨ ਦ ਿਰਤ ੂ ਅ-2 ਸਬਦ ਜੂਹਾਂ ਦ ਸਾਧਈ ਅ-3 ੁਰ ਰਚਨ: ਼ਿ਼ਦਆਕ ਜਾਂ ਸੈਂਰ ਸਟੀ ਨ ਸਬੰਧਤ

ਭਗ-ੲ ਉਰੂਕਤ ਠਕਰਮ ਤੀ ਆਧਰਤ ਸੰਖੀ ਉੱਤਰਾਂ ਿੀ ਰਸ਼ਨ।

ਅੰਕ ਿੰਡ ਤੀ ੀਰ ਸੁੁੱਟਰ/ ਰ਼ਖਆਰਥ ਈ ਹਦਇਤਾਂ

1. ਼ਿ਼ਦਆਰਥਆ ਂ ਨੇ ੰਜਬ ਭਸ਼ ਅਤੀ ਗਾਰਮਾਖ ਼ ਦ ਮਾਢ ਼ਗਆਨ ਰਤ ਕਤ ਹੁ। ਇਸ ਈ ਼ਿ਼ਦਆਰਥਆ ਂ ਦੀ ਭਸ਼ ਅਤੀ ਼ ਦੀ ਼ਗਆਨ ਨਿੰ ਼ਧਆਨ ਼ਿਚ ਰਖ਼ਦਆ ਂਸਰ, ਸਸ਼ਟ ਅਤੀ ਛੂਟੀ ਉੱਤਰਾਂ ਿੀ ਰਸ਼ਨ ਹ ਾੁੱਛੀ ਜਣ। 2. ਸਰੀ ਭਗਾਂ ਼ਿੁੱਚੋਂ ਰਸ਼ਨ ਾੁੱਛੀ ਜਣ। 3. ਸਰ ਤੀ ਸਸ਼ਟ ਰਸ਼ਨ ਾੁੱਛੀ ਜਣ। 4. ਿਰਣਤਮਕ ਰਸ਼ਨ ਨ ਾੁੱਛੀ ਜਣ। 5. ੂਹ ਅਨਾਸਰ ਼ਿ਼ਦਆਰਥਆ ਂਨਿੰ ਛੂਟ ਜਾਂ ਚੂਣ ਦੀਣ ਜ਼ਮ ਹੁ। 6. ਭਗ ੳ ਼ਿਚੋਂ ਼ਕਸੀ ਕ਼ਿਤ ਦੀ ਸਰ ਅਰਥ ਜਾਂ ਸਰ (ੰਜ ਼ਿਚੋਂ ਦੂ) 2x05=10 ਅੰਕ 7. ਼ਕਸੀ ਕ਼ਿ ਟਾਕਹੀ ਤੀ ਭਿ ਅਰਥ (਼ਤੰਨ ਼ਿਚੋਂ ਇਕ) 05 ਅੰਕ 8. 15 ਸਬਦ ਦੀ ਕੀ 10 ਸਬਦਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਬਦ ਜੂਹ ਸਾਧ ਕਰਨੇ 10 ਅੰਕ 9. ਼ਕਸੀ ਼ਦੁੱਤੀ ੁਰੀ ਜਾਂ ਿਕਾਂ ਼ਿਚ ਼ਿਸ਼ਰਮ ਼ਚੰਨਾਂ ਦ ਿਰਤ ੂ 10 ਅੰਕ

10. ਼ਿ਼ਦਆਰਥਆ ਂਦੀ ਜਿਨ ਦੀ ਼ਕਸੀ ਆਮ ਼ਿਸ਼ੀ ਨ ਸਬੰਧਤ ੁਰ ਰਚਨ 10 ਅੰਕ 11.ਭਗ ੲ ਼ਿਚ ਠ ਾਸਤਕ(ਕ਼ਿਤਿਾਂ) ਤੀ ਆਧਰਤ ਸੰਖੀ ਉੱਤਰਾਂ ਿੀ 15 ਰਸ਼ਨ ਾੁੱਛੀ ਜਣਗੀ। ਼ਿ਼ਦਆਰਥ ਨੇ ਸਰੀ ਰਸ਼ਨ ਕਰਨੇ ਹੂਣਗੀ। ਹਰੀਕ ਰਸ਼ਨ ਦ ਉਤਰ 3-4 ਸਤਰਾਂ ਼ਿਚ ਦੀਣ ਹੂਿੀਗ। ਹਰੀਕ ਰਸ਼ਨ ਦੀ 2 ਅੰਕ ਹੂਣਗੀ। 15x2=30 ਅੰਕ

SYLLABUS

OUTLINES OF TEST

SYLLABI AND COURSES OF READING FOR

B.Sc (AGRICULTURE) PART-II

SEMESTER-IV

PAPER–VII : PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS


Duration of the Paper: 3 hrs. Internet Assessment : 25





Theory

Section-A Nature, Economic problems, basic problems of an economy, economic analysis and economic policy and

tools of economics.

Gross National Product: Concepts and components, method of computation problems and difficulties in

computation especially in under developed countries.

Theories of Demand: the classical utility approach, the indifference curve approach, derivation of demand

curves, elasticities of demand.

Theory of production: Production function, elasticity of substitution Theory of cost Revenue and Revenue

curves.

Section-B Price Determination: Price Determination under different market situations, perfect competition,

monopoly, monopolistic competition, Monopoly versus competition.

Pricing of factors of Production

Money and Banking: Definition and components of money, functions of money, functions of commercial

and central banks.

Public Finance: Objectives of fiscal policy, principles of taxation, incidence of taxation, public debt, its

burden and role, deficit financing.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

Jather & Berry : Elementary Principles of Economics.

Sen, D.N. : Elementary Economics (Text Book), Calcutta.

Dewett, K.K. : Modern Economics Theory, Premier Publishing Co. Delhi.

Samuelson : Economics & Introductory Analysis, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York.

T. R. Jain : Micro- and Macro Economics: Introduction.

T.R. Jain : Macro Economics.

T.R. Jain : Public Finance & International Trade.

Paper-VIII : Animal Management and Breeding







Theory

Section-A General care of cattle, grooming, exercise, bathing, milking, observation of oestrum, dairying care during

pregnancy and at parturition production of clean milk.

Care of calves: Care and Feeding of newly born and weaned calves, numbering, tattooing, notching,

branding and ear tagging, dehorning, castration and daily weight gains.

Bull : Feeding, handling, exercise and service of Bull. Sheep, Pigs, and Poultry : Management housing

breeding and feeding. Principles and methods of incubation, breeding, rearing and housing of poultry.

Marking of eggs and birds, Broiler Production, Economics of Poultry farming.

Section-B Principles of up-grading of buffaloes and cows. Various systems of breeding, Crossbreeding, Sire and

Dam Importance, Pedigree and Selection, linkage, heredity, important terms in breeding.

Artificial Insemination, Merits and demerits. Reproduction, Gestation, Fertility, Sterility, Castration and

Abortion.

Location of Dairy farms, grouping of different farm buildings, types of dairy farms, Sanitation drainage of

cattle sheds. Supply of clean and fresh water.

Signs of health and diseases, infections and contagious diseases, their causes, symptoms and treatment,

Milk fever and sterility. Vaccination Schedules.

Intensive Cattle Development Project, Key Village Scheme, National Dairy Development Board.


Methods of milking and milk recording. Collection of semen, its evaluation and extension,

Technique of insemination pregnancy, diagnancy diagnosis. Recording of body temperature, pulse and

respiration. Grading of eggs. Debeaking, Record keeping. Identification and use of common veterinary

instruments and medicines.

Administration of drugs and medicines: Drenching. Electuary, passerines, Anema, Douching

and medicines, etc. Preparation of common remedies such as ointments, lotions, mixture, polluties and

dressing of wounds.

Cleaning, sterilization and disinfection of utensils, appliances and premises. Incubator operations.

Breeding of chicks, Restraint, castration and canonization.

Books Recommended

Singh, H., : Hand Book of Animal Husbandary, ICAR, New Delhi.

Harbans and Moore : Livestock and Poultry Production, Prentice Hall of India

Pvt.Ltd. New Delhi.

Juergensens E.M. & Mortenson W.P. : Approved practices in Dairying,

Oxford I.B.U. Publishing, New Delhi.

Eigan, W.M. Reeges Paul, : Dairy Cattle Feed, john Wiley & Sons, New York.

Morning & Williamson G.K. Payre, : Management Animal Husbandary in the Tropic,

London & Co. London.

W.J.A., G.S. Banerjee, : An Introduction Text-Book of Animal Husbandary,

Oxford I.B.H. New Delhi.

Dev, D.S. : Poultry Farming, P.A.U. Bulletine.

Jagdishwar Sahai : Elements of Agriculture Engineering

Irshad Ali : Agriculture Machinery & Land Surveying

PAPER-IX : BASIC BOTANY Max Marks: 60 Theory : 44






Candidates are required to attempt two questions from each section A and B and the entire section C.

Theory

Section-A General characteristic features of different groups of plants – Algae, Fungi, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes,

Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. Evolution: Fossils, homologous organs, vestigial organs, Atavism,

Theories of organic Evolution, Lamarck’s theory, Darwin’s theory and Hugo De Vries theory of

Evolution. Variations, their types and Causes.

Section-B Ecology : Ecological factors and their effects on the vegetation. Morphological and anatomical characters

of hydrophytes and xerophytes. Brief concept of Ecosystem, its components, food chain, food web,

ecological pyramids concept of biosphere. Source, effects and control measures of air, water and soil

pollution, Plant succession, lithosere and Hydrosere.

Physiology : Cell as a physiological unit of function absorption of water and minerals from soil, Passive

and active absorption, Ascent of sap, transpiration , signification of transpiration, Anti transpirants and

Guttation. Photosynthesis: Photosynthetic pigments, Photo system-I, Photo system-II, Calvin cycle, C3

and C4 plants. Respiration: Glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, Electron transport chain and anaerobic respiration.

Photoperiodism and vernalization Hormones and their applications in Agriculture.


1. Morphology and studies of Spirogyra, Rhizopus, Funaria, Dryopteris, Pinus and Mustard.

2. Morphology of some xerophytes and hydrophytes. Study of T.S. Hydrilla stem and

V.S. leaf of Nerium.

Demonstration of following experiments

3. Light, Chlorophyll and CO2 necessary for photosynthesis.

4. To compare the rate of transpiration by four leaf experiment.

5. CO2 evolved during respiration.

6. Demonstration of anaerobic respiration.

7. Effect of rooting hormones on root differentiation.

Books Recommended

H.N Srivastava : Diversity of Microbes & Cryptogams Vol-I.

H.N. Srivastava : Diversity of seed Plants & their Systematic.

H.N. Srivastava : Plant Physiology.

H.N. Srivastava : Ecology & Utilizations of Plant.

N.C.E.R.T : Biology.

K.N. Bhatia & M.P. Tyagi : Elementary Biology.

G.M. Smith : Cryptogrammic Botany Vol-II.

Dutta : Botany for degree Students.

V.K. Jain : Fundamentals of Plant Physiology.

V.Verma : Text Book of Plant Physiology.

Odum & Barrett : Fundamental of Ecology.

PAPER-X : FIELD CROPS Max Marks: 60 Theory : 44






Theory

Section-A Botany, Cultivation Practices, Improved varieties and harvesting of:

Cereals: Wheat, Maize, & Rice.

Millets: Bajra & Sorghum.

Oilseeds: Raya, Groundnut & Sunflower.

Sugar Crops: Sugarcane.

Fibre Crops: Cotton.

Section –B Botany, Cultivation Practices, Improved varieties and harvesting of:

Pulses : Gram, Soybean, Arhar,& Moong.

Fodder Crops: Barseem, Lucerne & Cluster bean.

Tuber Crops: Potato.

Botany,part used and medicinal value of : Celery & Mentha.


Practical study of the cultivation, Preparation of seed bed, application of manure, sowing and harvesting

and threshing techniques of crops studied in theory. Recognition and Judging of crops for maturity and

yield. Quality tests in crops; lint in cotton, juice in sugarcane.

The students to cultivate co-operatively a block of land following a suitable rotation with all agronomic

practices.

Estimation of crops yield.

Nursery raising techniques.

Visit to experimental farm of crops.

Books Recommended Pearson : Handbook of Agriculture ICAR, New Delhi.

Fugh B.M : Production of field Crops in India, Kitabistan, Allabhabad.

Harlison C.M : Field Crops, Mc Graw Hill Book Co., New Delhi.

P.A.U Bulletin : Package of practices for Rabi Crops.

P.A.U Bulletin : Package of practices for Kharif Crops.

Chhidda Singh, Prem Singh & : Modern techniques of rasing field Crops.

Rajbir Singh

Reddy S.R : Agronomy of Field Crops.

PAPER-XI : MANURES AND FERTILIZERS Max Marks: 60 Theory : 44






Theory

Section-A Mineral constituents of soil, Arnons‘s criteria of essentiality of an element, essential plant nutrient

elements (macro and micro), their sources, content in soil and functions.

Mechanism of absorption, deficiency symptoms in plants. Availability in soils, mechanism of

transformation in soil.

Section-B Fertilizers: Their classification.

Nitrogenous fertilizers: their chemistry, behavior in soil, urea, ammonium sulphate, ammonium chloride,

sodium nitrate.

Phosphatic Fertilizers: Single superphosphate Bicalcium Phosphate, Triple Superphospate their

chemistry and behavior in soil.

Potash Fertilizers: Potassium nitrate, Potassium chloride, Potassium sulphate, their chemistry and reaction

in soils.

Complex Fertilizers: UAP, MAP, DAP, Micronutrients in fertilizers for important crops.

Farm yard manures, green manures, Biofertilizers and Vermicomposts.


Estimation of Nitrogen in the soil and plants.

Identification and characteristics of common fertilizers.

Types of manures and their effects.

Preparation of farm yard manure, green manure and vermi compost.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

Brady, Nyle CC : The Nature and Properties of Soil. McMillan Publishing Co., New Delhi.

Tenhane R.V. Motiramani, : Soil Theory Chemistry and Fertility D.P., Bali V.P & in Tropical Asia. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.

Roth, H.D., and Truk L.H. : Fundamentals of Soil Science. Wiley Eastern Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi.

Yawlkar, K.S. Aggarwal, J.P : Manures & Fertilizer-Agri/ KA Balkele S. Pulishing Co.Nagpur.

Ranjan Kumar Basak : Fertilizers: A Text Book

All UG Courses - II Year(Annual & 4th Semester)

Environmental and Road Safety Awareness

Session: 2017-18, 2018-19 & 2019-20

Total Marks : 100 Max Time: 3 hrs.

Theory : 70 marks Lectures per week 5

Internal Assessment: 30 Total Credit : 50

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTERS

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Each of sections A and B will have

four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus. Each question shall carry 11 marks.

Section C will consist of 13 short answer type questions of 2 marks each.


Candidates are required to attempt any two questions from each section A and B. Section C is

compulsory.

PRIVATE STUDENTS

Max Marks: 100 Max Time: 3hrs.

Lectures per week 5

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTERS

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Each of sections A and B will have

four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus. Each question shall carry 15 marks.

Section C will consist of 20 short answer type questions of 2 marks each.


Candidates are required to attempt any two questions from each section A and B. Section C is

compulsory.

SECTION-A

INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES:

The multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies. Definition, scope and importance

Concept of Biosphere – Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere. (Credit -2)

ECOSYSTEM & BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Ecosystem and its components, Types of Ecosystems

Biodiversity - Definition and Value, Threats to biodiversity and its conservation

Level of biological diversity: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity; biogeographic zones of

India; biodiversity patterns and global biodiversity hot spots.

India as Mega-biodiversity nation;Endangered and endemic species of India.

Ecosystem and biodiversity services: Ecological, economic, social, ethical, aesthetic and

informational value.

(Credit -6)

NATURAL RESOURCES–RENEWABLE AND NON RENEWABLE RESOURCES

Land resources and landuse change; land degradation, soil erosion and desertification.

Deforestation: causes and impacts due to mining, dam building on environment, Forests,

Biodiversity and tribal populations.

Water: Use and over-exploitation of surface and ground water, Floods, droughts, conflicts over

water (international & inter-state)

Energy resources: renewable and nonrenewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources,

growing energy needs, case studies.

(Credit -8)

Environmental Pollution

Environmental Pollution : types,causes,effects and controls; Air, Water, Soil and noise

pollution. Nuclear hazards and human health risks Solid waste management : Control measures

of urban and Industrial waste. Pollution case studies.

(Credit -6)

SECTION-B

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LAWS IN INDIA

Environmental protection act for; Air (Prevention and control of pollution), Water (Prevention

and Control of pollution), Wild life, Forest Conservation, Issues involved in the enforcement of

environmental legislation.Role of an individual in prevention of pollution.

Environmental policies & Practices; Climate change, global warming, ozone layer depletion,

acid rain and imapcts on human communities and agriculture.

(Credit -5)

Human Communities and the Environment

Human population growth: Impacts on environment, human health and welfare. Resettlement

and rehabilitation of project affected persons; case studies. Disaster management: floods,

earthquake, cyclones and landslides. Environment movements: Chipko, Silent valley, Bishnois

of Rajasthan. Environmental ethics: Role of Indian and other religions and cultures in

environmental conservation.

Environmental communication and public awareness, case studies (e.g., CNG vehicles in Delhi)

(Credit -5)

ROAD SAFETY AWARENESS

Concept and significance of Road safety, Traffic signs,Traffic rules,Traffic Offences and

penalties, How to obtain license, Role of first aid in Road Safety.

(Credit -5)

Stubble Burning

Its meaning : Why Stubble burning ,Alternatives to Stubble Burning,

Environmental and Health effects/Hazards, Policies to control Stubble burning.

(Credit -4)

Field Work

Visit to an area to document environmental assets: river/Forest/Flora/Fauna, etc.

Visit to Local polluted site –urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural.

Study of common Plants, Insects, Birds and basic principles of identification.

Study of simple ecosystems-pond, river, Delhi Ridge, etc.

(Credit -5)

Prevalence

1. Extent and management of crop stubble

2. Impact on Health and Environment.

3. Alternative uses of crop stubble.

4. Environmental Legislations and Policies for Restriction of Agriculture Residue Burning

in Punjab.

(Credit -4)

Suggested Readings :

1. Carson,R.2002. Silent Spring, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

2. Gadgil.M., & Guha,R.1993. This Fissured Land : An Ecological History of India.Univ. of

California Press.

3. Gleeson, B. and Low, N.(eds.)1999. Global Ethics and Environment, London, Routledge.

4. Gleick,P.H.1993. Water in Crisis.Pacific Institute for Studies in Dev. Environment &

Security .Stockholam Env. Institute,Oxford Univ.Press.

5. Groom , Martha J., Gary K. Meffe, and Carl Ronald Carroll.Principles of Conservation

Biology.Sunderland : Sinauer Associates, 2006.

6. Grumbine,R.Edward, and Pandit,M.K.2013. Threats from India's Himalays dams.

Science,339:36-37.

7. McCully,P.1996. Rivers no more: the environmetal effects of dams (pp.29-64). Zed

Books.

8. McNeill,John R. 2000. Something New Under the Sun : An Environmental History of the

Twentieth Century.

9. Odum, E.P., H.T & Andrews, J.1971. Fundamentals of Ecology.Philadelphia : Saunders.

10. Pepper,I.L., Gerba ,C.P & Brusseau,M.L.2011. Environmental and Pollution

Sciences.Academic Press.

11. Rao, M.N. & Datta,A.K.1987. Waste Water Treatment.Oxford and IBH Publishing

Co.Pvt.Ltd.

12. Raven, P.H., Hassenzahl, D.M. & Berg, L.R.2012,Environment. 8Th edition. John Wiles

& Sons.

13. Rosencranz, A., Divan, S., & Nobie, M.L. 2001. Environmental law and policy in India.

Tripathi 1992

14. Sengupta, R. 2003. Ecology and economics: An approach to sustainable development.

OUP.

15. Singh, J.S., Singh, S.P. and Gupta, S.R. 2014. Ecology, Environmental Science and

Conservation. S. Chand Publishing, New Delhi.

16. Sodhi, N.S. Gibson, L. & Raven, P.H. (eds). 2013. Conservation Biology: Voices from

the Tropics. John Wiley & Sons.

17. Thapar, V. 1998. Land of the Tiger: A Natural History of the Indian Subcontinent.

18. Warren, C.E. 1971. Biology and Water Pollution Control. WB Saunders.

19. Wilson, E.O. 2006. The Creation: An appeal to save life on earth. New York:Norton.

20. World commission on Environment and Development. 1987. Our Common Future.

Oxford University Press.

PAPER-XIII : Punjabi compulsory/ Mudla Gian

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