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THE PUBLIC FINANCE IN
EGYPT
Prepared by:
Walied hmad
PREPAED BY\ WALIED HMAD ASCALINI -
ASSUIT UNIVERSITY13/5/2016
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CONTENTS
3/5/2016PREPAED BY\ WALIED HMAD ASCALINI -
ASSUIT UNIVERSITY2
What is government expenditure?
Characteristics of government expenditure
Classification of government expenditure
Structure of government expenditure in egypt
Sources of financing government expenditure
government expenditure Vs taxes revenue
International comparison
Light on the education sector in egypt
Budget deficit & proposed polices
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WHAT IS PUBLIC EXPENDITURE?
An amount of money used by public government to satisfy public needs
What is expensed by government to provide public services for its citizens such as
• Education
• Health
• National security
PREPAED BY\ WALIED HMAD ASCALINI -
ASSUIT UNIVERSITY33/5/2016
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Amount of money
Provide public
benefit
Expensed by public
person
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• Show expenditure from
economic prospective
such wages & social
benefit
• According to the
type of sector such
education sector &
health sector
CLASSIFICATION OF PUBLIC
EXPENDITURE
I. Functional classification ii. Economic classification
PREPAED BY\ WALIED HMAD ASCALINI -
ASSUIT UNIVERSITY53/5/2016
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THE STRUCTURE OF GOVERNMENT
EXPENDITURE IN EGYPT:
PREPAED BY\ WALIED HMAD ASCALINI -
ASSUIT UNIVERSITY63/5/2016
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1. Health2. education3. general public services4. National security & defense5. Public order & safety 6. Economic affairs7. Environmental protection8. Social protection9. Recreation ,culture & religion10. Housing & community utilities
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PUBLIC EXPENDITURES AS % OF TOTAL
EXPENDITURE 2014\2015(BY SECTOR)
health5%
education12%
general public services
34%
national security & defense
4%
public order & safety5%
economic affairs5%
environmental protecton
0%
social protection28%
recreation,culture & religion
4%
housing & community
utilities3%
PREPAED BY\ WALIED HMAD ASCALINI -
ASSUIT UNIVERSITY83/5/2016
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B. BY ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION
1) Wages & salaries of employees
2) Purchases of goods & services
3) Interest on domestic & foreign debts
4) Subsidy ,grants & social benefits
5) Purchase of nonfinancial assets(investments)
6) Other expenditure
PREPAED BY\ WALIED HMAD ASCALINI -
ASSUIT UNIVERSITY93/5/2016
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PUBLIC EXPENDITURES AS % OF TOTAL
EXPENDITURE 2014\2015
(BY ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION)
wages & salaries; 8.60%
purchase of goods & services;
1.40%
interest on debts; 8.30%
subsidy ,grants & social benefits;
9.70%
purchase of non-financial assets;
2.80%
other; 2%
Expenditure as for GDP =32.8%
PREPAED BY\ WALIED HMAD ASCALINI -
ASSUIT UNIVERSITY103/5/2016
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wages &salaries
purchaseof
nonfinancial assets
other
subsidy,grants &social
benefits
interest ondebts
purchaseof goods &
services
2008\2009 22% 12% 8% 36% 10% 7%
2014\2015 26% 9% 6% 30% 25% 4%
22% 12% 8% 36% 10% 7%26% 9% 6% 30% 25% 4%0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
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FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF PUBLIC
EXPENDITURE - 4 YEARS AVERAGE -
5%
12%
27%
7%
5%7%
0%
28%
4% 5%
From 2007\2008 t0 2010\2011
health education
general public services national security & defense
public order & safety economic affairs
environmental protecton social protection
recreation,culture & religion housing & community utilities
PREPAED BY\ WALIED HMAD ASCALINI -
ASSUIT UNIVERSITY123/5/2016
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Item 2006\2007 2006\2008 2008\2009 2009\2010 2010\2011
Wages & salaries
.23% .22% .22% .23% .24%
Purchase of goods & services
.077% .065% .071% .077% .065%
Interest on debts
.21% .18% .15% .20% .21%
Subsidy , grants & social benefit
.26% .33% .36% .28% .31%
Other expenditure
.096% .085% .077% .077% .078%
Purchase of nonfinancialassets
.11% .12% .12% .13% .099%
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GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE AS % OF GDP
2006\2007 2007\2008 2008\2009 2009\2010 2010\2011
29.80% 31.50% 33.70% 30.30% 29.30%
29.80%
31.50%
33.70%
30.30%
29.30%
27.00%
28.00%
29.00%
30.00%
31.00%
32.00%
33.00%
34.00%
35.00%
PREPAED BY\ WALIED HMAD ASCALINI -
ASSUIT UNIVERSITY143/5/2016
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GROWTH IN GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE
115 127 145 161207 212
241
340 319
470
583
692 689
864
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
2002 2003 20042005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
In million
public expenditurePREPAED BY\ WALIED HMAD ASCALINI -
ASSUIT UNIVERSITY153/5/2016
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DEVELOPMENT OF INDIVIDUAL’S SHARE IN
PUBLIC EXPENDITURE
0100020003000400050006000700080009000
37544571 4650 4998
57166944
8600
2007\2008 2008\2009 2009\2010 2010\2011 2011\2012 2012\2013 2013\2014
3754 4571 4650 4998 5716 6944 8600PREPAED BY\ WALIED HMAD ASCALINI -
ASSUIT UNIVERSITY163/5/2016
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Sources of financing public expenditure
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THREE MAJOR SOURCES
1) Taxes
2) Grants
3) Other revenue
PREPAED BY\ WALIED HMAD ASCALINI -
ASSUIT UNIVERSITY183/5/2016
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prepaed by\ walied hmad ascalini - assuit university 193/5/2016
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prepaed by\ walied hmad ascalini - assuit university 203/5/2016
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Property income ( stock
& shares )
Sales of goods & services
Compensation & penalties
Voluntary transfers other
than grants
Miscellaneous & unidentified
revenue
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REVENUE AS % OF GDP
other revenue; 6.70%
grants; 1%
taxes; 15.20%
2014\2015
PREPAED BY\ WALIED HMAD ASCALINI -
ASSUIT UNIVERSITY223/5/2016
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taxes grants other revenue
2013\2014 17.60% 3.20% 7.10%
2014\2015 15.20% 1% 6.70%
0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
6.00%
8.00%
10.00%
12.00%
14.00%
16.00%
18.00%
20.00%
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tax on income47%
tax on property3%
tax on goods & services
39%
tax on international
trade9%
other taxes2%
from 2007\2008 to 2010\2011
prepaed by\ walied hmad ascalini - assuit university 243/5/2016
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2006\2007 2007\20082008\200
92009\2010 2010\2011
revenue as % of GDP 24.20% 24.70% 27.10% 22.20% 19.30%
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
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If taxes not enough?
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PUBLIC EXPENDITURE
VERSUS
TAXES REVENUE
PREPAED BY\ WALIED HMAD ASCALINI -
ASSUIT UNIVERSITY273/5/2016
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0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
800000
900000
Mill
ion
of
Eg
yp
tia
n p
ou
nd
2002-2014
revenue
expenditure
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State budget overall deficit
-10.20%-10.50%
-9.50%-9.60%
-8.20%
-6.70%-6.90%
-6.40%
-7.97%
-10.60%-10.70%
-9.60%-9.90%
-12.00%
-10.00%
-8.00%
-6.00%
-4.00%
-2.00%
0.00%2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
%
2002-2014
deficit as % of GDP
prepaed by\ walied hmad ascalini - assuit university
29
3/5/2016
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2006\2007
2007\2008
2008\2009
2009\2010
2010\2011
overall deficit as % ofGDP
7.30% 6.80% 6.90% 8.10% 9.80%
revenue growth rate 19.10% 22.90% 27.60% -0.10% -1.10%
expenditure growth rate 6.80% 27.10% 24.50% 4.10% 9.80%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
GR
OW
TH
RA
TE
IN %
As % of GDP
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INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS
PREPAED BY\ WALIED HMAD ASCALINI -
ASSUIT UNIVERSITY313/5/2016
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Public expenditure as % of GDP
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
egypt america germany
29.20%
25.20%28.60%
30.50%
24%
28.20%
2011
2012
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32
3/5/2016
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0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
6.00%
8.00%
10.00%
12.00%
14.00%
16.00%
18.00%
egypt america germany2011 4.90% 17.10% 11.20%
2012 4.90% 17% 11.30%
2013 5.10% 17.10% 11.30%
AS % OF GDP
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Light on Education sector in Egypt
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34
3/5/2016
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Competitive international reports for 2014\2015 indicated that
Egypt is 141 (from total 144) as for education quality
Egypt is 144 as for the quality of school administration
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EXPENDITURE OF EDUCATION SECTOR
IN 2014-2015 BUDGET
85%
15%
2014\2015
wages and salaries
other educationalexpenditure
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ASSUIT UNIVERSITY363/5/2016
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0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008
538.5
617.7
744.8
892.6
161.6207.8 222
282.3
25.8 25.6 27.8 33.7
In million
GDP public expenditure academic education expenditureprepaed by\ walied hmad ascalini - assuit university 373/5/2016
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STUDENT SHARE OF EXPENDITURE ON
ACADEMIC EDUCATION AS % OF GDP
23.4
53 55.8
84 89.798.2
egypt syria tunis lebanon morocco jordan
student share as % of GDP
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ASSUIT UNIVERSITY383/5/2016
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0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
In $
state expenditure on educationprepaed by\ walied hmad ascalini - assuit university 393/5/2016
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BUDGET DEFICIT & THE SUGGESTED
POLICES
PREPAED BY\ WALIED HMAD ASCALINI -
ASSUIT UNIVERSITY403/5/2016
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1) Increase in public expenditure growth rate2) Increase in expenditure volume for some
government agencies & organization3) Increase in the volume of current
expenditure4) Increase in interest rate paid over debts5) More dependence on t-bills6) Increase in the volume of local debts7) Inefficiency of collecting taxes
administration prepaed by\ walied hmad ascalini - assuit university 423/5/2016
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1) Realizing public expenditure polices 2) Maximizing taxes revenue3) The reforms of taxes & customs
systems4) Re-structure of national economy
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PREPAED BY\ WALIED HMAD ASCALINI -
ASSUIT UNIVERSITY443/5/2016