Psychology of Teaching and Learning

Missouri Baptist University

Kristi Scott

March 9, 2010

Howard Gardner“The multiple intelligences approach does not require a teacher to design a lesson in nine different ways so that all students can access the material. Rather, it involves creating rich experiences in which students with different intelligence profiles can interact with the materials and ideas using their particular combinations of strengths and weaknesses.”

History

Born July 11, 1943 Grew up in Scranton, PennsylvaniaTalented musician Married to developmental psychologist Ellen Winner and has four children

Mentors

Influenced byErik EriksonJerome BrunerJean Piaget

Overview

In his landmark book Frames of Mind: The Theory Of Multiple Intelligences, published in 1983, Harvard University education professor Howard Gardner unveiled a theory of multiple intelligences that famously rejected the traditional and long-held view that aptitude consists solely of the ability to reason and understand complex ideas.

Overview

Instead, he identified seven separate human capacities: musical, verbal, physical, interpersonal, visual, logical, and intrapersonal. And not all of them, including the category he added years later -- naturalistic -- could be easily evaluated by the standard measuring stick of the time: the IQ test.

Gardner’s Eight Multiple IntelligencesINTELLIGENCE EXPLANATION ADULT OUTCOMES

Linguistic The ability to think in words and use language in complex ways

Lawyer, poet, public speaker, writer

Logical-mathematical The ability to calculate, quantify, and hypothesize and to recognize patterns

Engineer, mathematician, scientist

Spatial The capacity to think three-dimensionally

Architect, artist, pilot, surgeon

Body-Kinesthetic The ability to use the body and hands skillfully

Choreographer, rock climber, skilled artisan

Continued…

Gardner’s Eight Multiple IntelligencesINTELLIGENCE EXPLANATION ADULT OUTCOMES

Musical Sensitivity to rhythm, pitch, melody, and tone

Acoustic engineer, composer, musician

Interpersonal The ability to understand and act productively on others’ actions and motivations

Actor, political leader, sales person, teacher, therapist

Intrapersonal The ability to understand one’s own feelings and capabilities

Autobiographer, sensitive individual, good decision maker

Naturalist The ingenuity to observe patterns, create classifications, and develop and understand systems

Archeologist, farmer, hunter, landscape architect

“Big Thinkers” video (double-click on screen)

Multiple Intelligences ImplicationsLinguistic IntelligenceWrite a sequel to a storyUse cooperative learning techniques and get

involved in group activities.Make a speech on a relevant topicKeep a log or journal about daily experiencesRead and write poetry

Multiple Intelligences ImplicationsLogical-MathematicalCreate a detailed outline on a subject they

are studyingCompare and contrast objects –physical

things or concepts—mental thingsConstruct a logical argument for some

process or ideaParticipate in an empirical study based on the

scientific methodAnalyze a series of events or phenomena for

underlying patterns

Multiple Intelligences ImplicationsVisual-SpatialDesign a buildingStudy a picture and then list objects in the

picture without reference to itStudy a picture and then describe what lies

just outside the scope of the pictureDevelop a mind-map for a given area of

studyDevelop a highly visual presentation for a

given area of study

Multiple Intelligences ImplicationsBodily-KinestheticPhysically build somethingGet involved in a sport that teaches, such as

KarateAct out scientific processes, such as

planetary rotationLearn to play physical games that are popular

in other culturesTeach someone how to use a physical device

Multiple Intelligences ImplicationsMusical-RhythmicListen to different types of music to prepare for

an activity, such as relaxing music before a testCreate a tune about a given area of studyAnalyze how different people speak, such as

inflections or pitchesListen to various sounds from nature in an

attempt to discern patterns and rhymes, such as bird songs

Listen to a famous piece of music and describe it’s mood

Multiple Intelligences ImplicationsInterpersonalUtilize cooperative learning techniques for

covering subject matterConduct interviews to gather information on

a given area of studyTeach someone how to do/understand

something in a given area of studyRole-play a famous character to gain

understanding about the characterWork on an important issue to the community

Multiple Intelligences ImplicationsIntrapersonalImagine having a dialog with a famous figure,

historical or otherwiseKeep a diary/journal about what you learn

each day and what it means to youKeep track of his/her moods and feelings

when working in a given area of studyBuild a mind map of a given area of studyBrainstorm on how his/her culture influences

his/her thinking in a given area of study

Multiple Intelligences ImplicationsNaturalisticField tripsCategorizing/interacting with something

natural, such as bugs or rocksObserve animal behaviorManipulate outdoor equipmentDesign experiments

AwardsMacArthur Prize FellowshipGrawemeyer Award in Education

Guggenheim Fellowship Recipient of 20 honorary degrees from 26 colleges and universities around the world

Current ActivitiesThe John H. and Elisabeth A. Hobbs Professor

of Cognition and Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education

Adjunct Professor of Psychology at Harvard University

Adjunct Professor of Neurology at the Boston University School of Medicine

Senior Director of Harvard Project ZeroDirector of the GoodWork ProjectNewest Book — Five Minds For The Future

The End

Any questions?