Psy 2300 Exam Review

8/13/2019 Psy 2300 Exam Review

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EXAM 1 REVIEW

PSY 2300


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1. A scientific approach to dealing

with the challenges we face ischaracterized by:

A: research

B: critical thinking

C: random samplingD: emotional appeal


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1.ANSWER:

B: Critical thinking


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2. Psychology is a scientific

discipline that deals with:

A. Behavior and mentalprocesses

B. Only mental processes

C. Only behavior issues

D. Only our biologic

predispositions


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2. ANSWER

A: Behavior and mental processes


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3) While attending the county fair, Jane

has her palm read and is amazed at howaccurate the palm reader describes her

(Jane's) personality. Jane is now a true

believer in palm reading, but unfortunately,has been fooled by what?

A. Barnum effect

B. Bailey effect

C. Barnes effect

D. Noble effect


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3. ANSWER

A: Barnum effect


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4. Research has found that a

boost in happiness after winningthe lottery:

A. Remains even after the money isgone

B.Remains only for a few days

C. Tends to last for several years

D. Tends to fade within a year or so


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4. ANSWER

D: Tends to fade within a year or so


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5. A researcher discovers that children

who watch less television earn higher

grades in math. However, the researcher

cautions that one cannot simply infer that

watching less television will cause grades

to rise. What method of research did this

researcher likely utilize?

A. The case study methodB. The correlational method

C. The experimental method

D. The survey method


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5. ANSWER

B: The correlational method


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6. An effective method of dealing

with test anxiety is to:A. Ingest 20 ounces of your favorite energy

drink

B. Study with at least 20 people before thenight of your exam

C. Identify irrational, catastrophizing

thoughts and replace with rationalthoughts.

D. Call a friend to complain about the

instructor


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6.ANSWER

C: Identify irrational, catastrophizing

thoughts and replace with rationalthoughts.


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7. The reason that it is difficult for

people to perform two things wellat the same time is a result of

what?

A. Divided attention

B. Neural concentration

C. Proactive memory interference

D. Genetic redundancies


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7. ANSWER

A: Divided attention


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8. The reasonably stable patterns

of emotions, motives, andbehavior that distinguish one

person from another:

A. Character

B. Temperament

C. Traits

D. Personality


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8. ANSWER

D: Personality


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9) Jill is caught cheating on an exam and

blames her instructor for allowing students

to have cell phones present in the room.After all, she explains, I couldn't text

message my classmates if I didn't have

my cell. Jill's explanation would be anexample of what defense mechanism?

A.Projection

B. Denial

C. Rationalization

D. Sublimation


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9. ANSWER

C: Rationalization


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10. At which stage do children

explore their world (and releaselibidinal energy) through placing

things in their mouths?

A. Oral

B.AnalC. Genital

D. Latency


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10. ANSWER

A: Oral


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11. The reasonably stable patters of

emotions, motives, and behavior thatdistinguish one person from another:

A. Character

B. Temperament

C. TraitsD. Personality


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11. ANSWER

D: Personality


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12. Jill is caught cheating on an exam and

blames her instructor for allowing students

to have cell phones present in the room.After all, she explains, I couldn't text

message my classmates if I didn't have

my cell. Jill's explanation would be an

example of what defense mechanism?

A. ProjectionB. Denial

C. Rationalization

D. sublimation


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12.ANSWER

C: Rationalization


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13. At which stage do children

explore their world (and release

libidinal energy) through placing

things in their mouths?

A. Oral

B.Anal

C. Genital

D. Latency


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13. ANSWER

A: Oral


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14. Three-year-old Johnny is in

the grocery store and beginsscreaming for a candy bar.

According to psychodynamic

theory, which aspect of Johnny'spersonality is exerting itself?

A. EgoB. Id

C. Supergo

D. Self


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14. ANSWER

B: Id


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15. Tom often finds himself

chewing on pen caps, smokingand biting his nails. According to

psychodynamic theory, Tom is

experiencing what?

A. Projection

B. Fixation

C. Sublimation

D. Oral antagonism


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16. Ryan is sitting in a chair awaiting a

dental procedure. When Ryan sees the

needle containing the pain killer, he

becomes anxious. According to the

classical conditioning model, Ryan's

reaction would be a(n):

A. Unconditioned stimulus

B. Unconditioned response

C. Conditioned stimulus

D. Conditioned response


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17. ANSWER

A. More likely


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18. Jane receives a passing grade on a

spelling test and her parents inform her

that she is excused from doing the dishesfor one week. What aspect of operant

conditioning are Jane's parents

employing?

A. Negative punishment

B. Positive punishment

C. Negative reinforcement

D. Positive reinforcement


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18. ANSWER

C: Negative reinforcement


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19. Psychologists recommend

that parents use which of thefollowing methods to mold their

children's behavior?

A. Positive punishment

B. Positive reinforcement

C. Negative punishment

D. Time outs


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19. ANSWER

B: Positive reinforcement


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20. Marty watches a television show in

which the characters are hitting a laser

printer with a baseball bat. Later that day,Marty's parents find Marty hitting their

laser printer with a baseball bat. According

to social-cognitive theory, how has Martylearned this behavior?

A. Positive reinforcementB. Negative reinforcement

C. Reciprocal determinism

D. Observational learnin


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20. ANSWER

D: Observational learning


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21. The process by which

immigrant (or nondominant)groups adapt to the social

customs and expectations of the

host country or dominant culture:

A. Immigration

B. Transformation

C.Acculturation

D.Adjustment


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21. ANSWER

C: Acculturation


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22. Maintaining strong ethnic

identification is linked to:

A.A better psychological health

B. Poorer psychological healthC. Depression

D. Crime


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22. ANSWER

A: A better psychological health


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23. According to the text,

___________ American girls are

likely to be happier with their

appearance than ___________

American girls.

A.African, European

B. European, AfricanC. Russian, Irish

D. Irish, Russian


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23. ANSWER

A: African, European


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24. An altered state of awareness

in which a person becomes highly

suggestible or responsive to

suggestions is known as?

A. Hypothesis

B. Hypnosis

C. Biofeedback training

D. Meditation


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24. ANSWER

B: Hypnosis


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25. Young Dre is having a difficult time

deciding between his two favorite flavors

of ice cream. Dre would like to have bothcrunchy-munchy and caramel blast, but

his father says that Dre can only choose

one flavor. What type of conflict is Dreexperiencing?

A. Parent-child

B.Approach-avoidance

C.Approach-approach

D. Multiple approach avoidance


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25. ANSWER

C: Approach-approach

26 It t M i th t l t


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26. It seems to Maria that almost

every day on the way to work, she

seems to get stuck in traffic on the

freeway. According to Lazarus,

Maria is experiencing:A.A life change

B.A behavioral sinkC.Acculturative stress

D.A daily hassle


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26. ANSWER

D: A daily hassle

27 A di t th t t iti


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27. According to the text, a positive

method for African-American parents

to help their children cope withacculturative stress is to:

A. Help their children become more aware ofthe value of their own culture.

B. Encourage their children to fully adapt toAmerican culture and deny their heritage.

C.Avoid children from other cultures

D. Help their children to develop a victimmentality


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27. ANSWER

A: Help their children become more

aware of the value of their own culture.


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28. Robert has been experiencing

headaches for the past week.

When Robert has a headache, he

takes an aspirin to minimize the

pain. The aspirin serves as a (n):

A. Endorphin

B.Analgesic

C. Prostaglandin

D. neurotransmitter


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28. ANSWER

B: Analgesic

29 A di t K b hi h f


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29. According to Kobasa, which of

the following characteristics is not

an aspect of psychological

hardiness?

A. Commitment

B. ChallengeC. Control

D. Containment


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29. ANSWER

D: Containment


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30. People with more optimistic

attitudes tend to:

A. Be more resilient

B. See the glass as half empty

C. Seek counseling

D. Experience poorer health outcomes


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30. ANSWER

A: Be more resilient

31 Sometimes Amy finds life to be


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31. Sometimes Amy finds life to be

too difficult to deal with. At times like

these, Amy turns to ecstasy just tohelp herself get through the day. Amy

would be utilizing what type of coping

technique?

A. Defensive

B.Active

C. Positive

D. Superior


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31. ANSWER

A: Defensive

32 A di t t APA


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32. According to a recent APA

study, how many Americans

report that they are experiencing

extreme levels of stress in their

lives?

A. One-half

B. One-third

C. One-fourth

D. All


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32. ANSWER

B: One-third

33 The abilit to dela


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33. The ability to delay

gratification and maintain self-

control when a motive is thwarted

is defined as:

A. Conflict

B. Tolerance for frustrationC. Will power

D. Type a behavior


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33. ANSWER

B: Tolerance for frustration


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34. Annika is walking down a dark alley

when a large, dark hooded figure appears

in front of her. Annika becomes frightenedand turns to run in the opposite direction.

It is likely that Annika has just entered

what stage of the general adaptation

syndrome?A. Exhaustion stage

B.Alarm reaction stage

C. Resistance stage

D. Respiration stage


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34. ANSWER

B: Alarm reaction stage

35 If t i t l d lt


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35. If a stressor is not properly dealt

with during the resistance stage, an

individual may enter what stage of

the general adaptation syndrome?

A.Alarm reaction stage

B. Respiration stage

C. Exhaustion stage

D. Expiration stage


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35. ANSWER

C: Exhaustion stage


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36. Normally, Andre is a pretty relaxed

individual, however, on the night beforehis final psychology exam, Andre is feeling

quite anxious and he is having a difficult

time concentrating. What type of anxiety isAndre experiencing?

A. Trait anxiety

B. Stage anxiety

C. School anxiety

D. State anxiety


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36. ANSWER

D: State anxiety

37 St h d i ff t


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37. Stress has a domino effect on a

set of endocrine glands that are

labeled the:

A.Autonomic nervous system

B. Immune systemC. Pathogen system

D. Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)

axis


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37. ANSWER

D: Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal

(HPA) axis

38 I t f th i it d h lth


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38. In terms of ethnicity and health,

the life expectancy of African

Americans lags behind that of

European Americans by how many

years?

A. 15

B. 7C. 4

D. 9


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38. ANSWER

B: 7

39 Jay has been experiencing chronic


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39. Jay has been experiencing chronic

and severe headaches for the past two

years. After seeking medical help, Jaydiscovers that he is suffering from

migraine headaches. Jay's doctor informs

him that migraines appear to be causedby:

A. Muscle tension

B. Increased endorphin activity

C. Changes in blood flow to the brain

D. Increased steroid activity


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39. ANSWER

C: changes in blood flow to the brain


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40. Which of the following is not a

common symptom ofPremenstrual Syndrome?

A. Depressed mood

B. Lack of energyC. Increased concentration and energy

D. Migraines


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40. ANSWER

C: Increased concentration and energy

41 M t f th h li ki


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41. Most of the research linking

negative emotions to heartdisease has focused on:

A. Cancer

B. Lifestyle factors

C. Headaches

D. Hostility and anger


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41. ANSWER

D: Hostility and anger

42 A di t th j b t i


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42. According to the job strain

model, which jobs place workersat greater risk of heart disease?

A. High demands and low control

B. High demands and high control

C. Low demands and low control

D. Low demands and high control


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42. ANSWER

A: High demands and low control

43. During a visit to his doctor, John


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43. During a visit to his doctor, John

discovers that he (John) is at risk for

chronic heart disease. Which of thefollowing would likely not be a

recommendation that the doctor

would give John to reduce his risk?

A. Stop smoking

B. Modify type A behavior

C. Exercise

D. Increase salt intake


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43. ANSWER

D: Increase salt intake

44. Hans Selye observed certain


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44. Hans Selye observed certain

similarities in the body's response

to different stressors that hecalled the:

A. General adaptation syndrome

B. Gradient activated stressC. Gross anatomical situation

D. Graded Autonomic Saturation


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44. ANSWER

A: General adaptation syndrome

45 The three stages of the


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45. The three stages of the

general adaptation syndrome

(GAS), in order, are

A. Alarm reaction stage, resistance stage,

exhaustion stageB. Alarm reaction stage, exhaustion stage,

recovery stage

C. Resistance stage, alarm reaction stage,exhaustion stage

D. Exposure stage, resistance stage,

recovery stage


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45. ANSWER

A: Alarm reaction stage, resistance

stage, exhaustion stage

46. Physiologist Walter Cannon


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y g

labeled the body's efforts to

mobilize its resources to copewith a stressor as:

A. Tend and befriend

B. Cringe and cowerC. Fight or flight

D. Duck and cover


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46. ANSWER

C: Fight or flight

47. Jerry has been exposed to


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47. Jerry has been exposed to

prolonged periods of stress in his job

as a factory line assemblyman. Thisextended sympathetic activity may

lead to:

A.Anxiety

B.Anger

C. Depression

D. Hostility


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47. ANSWER

C: Depression

48. African-Americans are more


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likely than European-Americans

to develop all of the followingdiseases except

A. Breast cancer

B. HIV/AIDS

C. Heart disease

D. Hypertension


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48. ANSWER

A: Breast cancer

49 Occupations characterized by


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49. Occupations characterized by

both _____________ and

___________ place workers at

greater risk of heart-related

problems.

A. High demands, low control

B. Low demands, low control

C. High demands, high control

D. Low demands high control


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49. ANSWER

A: High demands, low control

50. Which of the following


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50 c o t e o o g

environmental factors is

associated with aggression, asdiscussed in the textbook?

A. Loud noise

B. High temperatures

C.Air pollution

D. Crowding

S


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50. ANSWER

B: High temperatures

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