1

]pc-bpsS ]n¶m-¼p-dw

\Kc{]tZi§fnse ]Ým¯ekuIcy§Ä {Kma{]tZi§fnepw

e`yam¡pI F¶ {]Jym]nX e£yt¯msS tI{µKh¬saânsâ

{KmahnIk\ hIp¸v \S¸m¡p¶ ]²XnbmWv s{]mhnj³ Hm v̂

AÀ_³ Aan\näokv C³ dqd Gcnbmkv AYhm ]pc. (Provision of

Urban Amenities in Rural Areas - PURA). XncsªSp¡s¸«

{Kma]©mb¯pIfnemWv BZyL«¯n Cu ]²Xn \S¸m¡pI.

]»nIvþss{]hävþ]mÀ«nknt¸j³ AYhm PPP amXr-I-bn-emWv ]pc

]²Xn \S-̧ m-¡p-¶-Xv. {Kma§fnse ASnØm\kuIcy§fpsS

\nÀamWhpw ]¯phÀjs¯ ]cn]me\hpw kzImcyI¼\nIfpsS

D¯chmZnXzam¡pI F¶XmWv ]pcbpsS ASnØm\w. ]pc ]²Xn¡v

Gjy³ sUhe¸vsaâv _m¦nsâ (ADB) kmt¦XnI klm-b-hp-ap-­v.

]Ým¯ew

\Kc§fpw {Kma§fpw X½n ASnØm\kuIcy§fpsS

Imcy¯n h³ A´cw \ne\n¡p¶p. Cu A´cw

Ipdbv¡pIsb¶Xpw \Kc{]tZi§fnse ASnØm\kuIcy§Ä

{Kma§fnepw e`yam¡pIsb¶XpamWv ]pc ]²XnbpsS {]Jym]nX

e£y§Ä. 2003 se dn¸»nIv Zn\¯n A¶s¯ cmjv{S]Xn

tUm.F.]n.sP A_vZpÄIemamWv C¯csamcp ]²Xn AhXcn¸n¨Xv.

At±l¯nsâ ‘hnj³ 2020’ sâ `mKambncp¶p AXv.

`uXnI kuIcy§Ä sa¨s¸Sp¯pI, CeIvt{SmWnIv

hmÀ¯mhn\nab kt¦X§Ä hym]n¸n¡pI, hnhckmt¦XnIhnZy

hym]n¸n¡pI, ChbneqsS {KmaoW kaql§sf imàoIcn¨v hnIk\w

XzcnXs¸Sp¯pI F¶Xmbncp¶p At±l¯nsâ \nÀt±iw. F¶mÂ

AtXmsSm¸w Xs¶ CXv km¼¯nI km[yXbpÅ Hcp _nkn\kv

amXrI IqSnbmIWsa¶pw AXn kwcw`IcpsSbpw {KmaoW

P\XbptSbpw sNdpInS hyhkmbnIfptSbpw ]¦v {][m\amsW¶pw

IqSn At±lw ]dªp. ]²Xn XpS§m³ Bhiyamb kmt¦XnI

2

klmbw \ÂIpIbpw C¯cw amt\Pvsaâv GP³knIsf

imàoIcn¡pIbpamWv Kh¬saânsâ ISasb¶mbncp¶p

cmjv{S]XnbpsS A`n{]mbw.

2004-05 apX 2005-06 hsc-bpÅ Ime-b-f-hn Ggv ss]eäv

t{]mP-Iväp-IÄ \S-̄ n-sb-¦nepw Ch {]Xo-£n¨ hnPbw t\Sn-bn-Ã.

B{Ô-{]-tZ-iv, BÊmw, _olmÀ, alm-cm-jv{S, Hdo-k, cmP-Øm³,

D¯À{]-tZiv F¶o kwØm-\-§-fn-emWv ss]eäv t{]mPIväv \S-̧ m-¡n-b-

Xv. 30 tImSn cq]-bmWv CXn-\mbn BsI Nne-hm-¡n-b-Xv. \nÀ½n¨ BkvXn-

I-fpsS XpSÀ]cn-]m-e-\-̄ n\v th­{X {]m[m-\yw \ÂIm-Xn-cp-¶-XmWv

]cm-P-b-Im-c-W-sa-¶m-bn-cp¶p hne-bn-cp-̄ Â. AXmbXv ASnØm\

kuIcy§fpsS \nÀamWt¯msSm¸w XpSÀ]cn]me\wIqSn (bqkÀ^okv

DÄs¸sS) kzImcy¡¼\nIsf GÂ]n¡mXncp¶Xn\memWv ]²Xn

hnPbamImXncp¶Xv F¶ÀYw.

2006þemWv ]n¶oSv C¡mcy¯n ]ptcmKXnbp­mbXv.

]²XnbpsS sSIv\n¡Â I¬kÄ«âmb F.Un._nbpsSbpw hnhn[

a{´me§fptSbpw kwØm\ Kh¬saâpIfptSbpw kzImcy

taJebptSbpw A`n{]mb§Ä IW¡nseSp v̄sIm­v ]pc ]²XnbnÂ

LS\m]camb amä§Ä hcp¯n. \nÀ½mW-tijw 10 hÀjs¯ ]cn-]m-

e\w IqSn kzImcy I¼-\nsb G¸n-¡p-¶-XmWv {][m-\-am-äw. kzImcy

I¼-\n-IÄ¡v Ah-cpsS \nt£-]-̄ n-t·-Â 12% em`hpw Kh¬saâv

Dd¸v \ÂIp-¶p. Xmsg]dbp¶ hnjb§fnemWv F.Un._nbpsS

D]tZiw kzoIcn¨Xv.

i) ]pc ]²Xn hym]Iambn \S¸m¡p¶Xn\mhiyamb N«¡qSv

(frame work) krjvSn¡pI.

ii) ]pc ]²Xn ]qÀWambn {]tbmP\s¸Sp¯m³ Xt±i

Øm]\§sf klmbn¡pI

iii) ]²Xn¡mhiyamb ]Ww apS¡pIbpw ]²Xn\S¸m¡pIbpw

kzImcyØm]\§Ä¡v Bhiyamb klmbw \ÂipI.

iv) `mhnbn C´ybnsem«msI ]pc ]²Xn hym]n¸n¡pt¼mÄ

AXn\v s]mXpkzoImcyX D­mIp¶Xn\mhiyamb Bib

3

hn\nab X{´§Ä BhnjvIcn¡pI (communication strategy

and advocacy framework)

v) `mhnbn aänS§fn BhÀ¯n¡m³ Ignbp¶ amXrIm

t{]mPIväpIÄ¡v cq]w \ÂIpI.

Cu LS-\m-]-c-amb amä-§Ä h¶-tXm-sS- {Kmao-W-hn-I-k\w ]qÀW-

ambpw kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bpsS ssII-fn-em-hp¶ ØnXn-bp-­m-bn. 25 NXp-

c{i Intem-ao-ä-sd-¦nepw hnkvXr-Xn-bp-ÅXpw 25,000 P\-kw-Jy-bp-

ÅXpamb {Kma-§sfbmWv ]²-Xn-bn DÄs¸-Sp-̄ p-I. aq¶v C\w ]²-Xn-

I-fmWv ]pc-bn DÄs -̧Sp-̄ n-bn-«p-Å-Xv.

1) {Kma-hn-I-k\ a{´m-eb¯nsâ ]²-Xn-IÄ þ Ch A\n-hm-cy-ambpw

\S-̧ m-¡n-bn-cn-¡-Ww. IpSn-sh-Åw, kznh-td-Pv, {KmaoWtdmUp-IÄ,

HmS-IÄ, Jc-am-en\y\nÀ½mÀÖ-\w, sXmgn sshZKv²yw

hÀ²n¸n¡p¶Xn\pÅ ]²XnIÄ, km¼¯nI {]hÀ¯\§Ä

F¶nhbmWv Cu hn`mK¯n DÄs¸SpI.

2) {Kma-hn-I-k\ a{´m-e-b-̄ n-tâ-X-Ãm¯ tI{µ-K-h¬saâv ]²-Xn-

IÄ þ sXcphphnf¡pIÄ, sSent¡mw, sshZypXn DXv]mZ\w

3) A[n-I-ambn Gsä-Sp-¡p¶ ]²-Xn-IÄ þ {Kma-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«

Sqdn-kw, amÀ¡-äv, A{Kn tIma¬ kÀhokv skâÀ, shbÀlu-kv,

{KmaoW k¼-Zvhy-h-Ø-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸« aäv t{]mP-Iväp-IÄ. Ch-

bv¡-DÅ apXÂap-S¡v \S-̄ p-¶Xv kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bm-Wv.

]pc \S-̧ m-¡p-¶-sX-§s\?

BZyL«¯n ]²Xn \S¸nemt¡­ I¼\nIsf tI{µKh¬saâv

XncsªSp¡p¶p. CXn\mbn At]£ kaÀ¸n¡p¶ I¼\nIfn \n¶v

{]hr¯n ]cnNb¯nsâbpw km¼¯nI ØnXnbpsSbpw

ASnØm\¯nemWv XncsªSp¸v \S¯pI. Cu I¼\nIÄ¡v ]pc

]²Xn \S¸mt¡­ ]©mb¯pIsf XncsªSp¡mw. ChnsS

I¼\nIfmWv ]©mb¯pIsf XncsªSp¡p¶Xv. F¶Xv

{it²bamWv.

4

I¼-\n-Isf Xnc-sª-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn tI{µ-K-h¬saâv {]kn-²o-I-

cn¨ ]c-ky-̄ n Xs¶ (A-\p-_Ôw 1) ]pc-bpsS Dt±-iyhpw km¼-̄ n-

I-am-Xr-Ibpw hyà-am-¡n-bn-«p-­v. kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bpsS \nt£-]hpw amt\-

Pvsaâv sshZ-Kv²yhpw s]mXp-]-Whpw kwtbm-Pn-̧ n¨v {Kmao-W-ta-J-e-bnÂ

ASn-Øm-\-ku-I-cy-§Ä hnI-kn-̧ n-¡p-Ibpw ]cn-]m-en-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-I-

bmWv ]pc-bpsS k¯ F¶v Cu ]c-ky-̄ n hyà-am-¡p-¶p. CXn-\mbn

At]£ kaÀ¸n-¡p¶ I¼-\n-IÄ¡v Bh-iy-amb km¼-̄ nIhpw

kmt¦-Xn-I-hp-amb tbmKy-X-IÄ hyà-am-¡n-bn-«p-­v.

I¼-\n-Isf ‘amt\-Pvsaâv GP³kn-IÄ’ F¶mWv ]pc-bn-Â hnti-jn-

¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu amt\-Pvsaâv GP³kn-Isf imào-I-cn-¡p-I, XpS-¡-

¯n Bh-iy-amb km¼-̄ n-I-k-lmbw \ÂIp-I, bpà-amb amt\-

Pvsaâv LS\ cq]-s¸-Sp-̄ pI F¶n-h-bmWv Kh¬saânsâ Nqa-X-e.

km¼-̄ nI t{kmX-Êp-IÄ

1) {Kma-hn-I-k-\-a-{´m-e-b-̄ nsâ ^­v

2) aäv a{´m-e-b-§-fpsS ^­p-IÄ

3) kzIm-cy-aq-e-[\w

4) Kh¬saânsâ Iym¸n-ä {Kmâv (]-²-Xn-¡m-h-iy-amb BsI

XpI-bpsS 35%, ]c-am-h[n 42 tImSn cq] hsc e`n-¡pw).

aäv \n_-Ô-\-IÄ

Hcp ]©m-b-̄ n ]pc ]²Xnbn DÄs¸-Sp-̄ p-¶-Xn\v B

]©mb v̄ Hcp {]tabw ]mkmt¡­Xp­v. ]pc \S-̧ m-¡p-¶-XnÂ

]©m-b-̄ nsâ {]Xn-_-²X CXn-eqsS Dd-̧ m-¡p-¶p.

]©mb v̄, kwØm\ Kh¬saâv, kzImcy¡¼\n F¶nh X½nÂ

C¡mcy¯n Xmsg¸dbp¶ IcmdpIÄ H¸nSWw.

1. ]©mb¯pw I¼\nbpw X½n Hcp I¬kj³ F{Knsaâv

(CXn bqkÀ NmÀPv AS¡apÅ hyhØIÄ DÄs¸Spw)

2. tI{µKh¬saâv, kwØm\ Kh¬saâv, I¼\n F¶nh X½nÂ

tÌäv kt¸mÀ«v F{Knsaâv (tdmUv, IpSnshůnsâ _Ä¡v

kss¹, sshZypXn XpS§nb kuIcy§Ä \ÂIm³

kwØm\Kh¬saâns\ _m²yØam¡p¶p)

5

taÂ]dª ]Ým¯ekuIcy§fpsS \nÀamWw, ]¯phÀjs¯

]cn]me\w F¶nh kzImcyI¼\nbpsS D¯chmZnXzambncn¡pw.

C¶s¯ AhØ

]pc ]²-Xn-bn Ct¸mÄ 6 I¼-\n-I-fn \n¶mbn 8 ]²-Xn-I-fmWv

]cn-K-W-\-bn-ep-Å-Xv. hni-Zmw-i-§Ä Xmsg tNÀ¡p-¶p.

\w I¼\n kwØm\w

1 sF.-FÂ & F^v. Fkv

cmP-Øm-³, D -̄cm-

©Â

2 C³{^m-kv{S-IvNÀ tIcfm enan-äUv (C³IÂ) tIcfw

3 amÀKv enan-äUv t]m­n-t -̈cn, Xan-gv\mSv

4 taL F©n-\o-b-dnwKv C³{^m-kv{S-IvNÀ B{Ô-{]-tZiv

5 Fkv. hn. C. kn. I¬kv{S-£³ B{Ô-{]-tZiv

6 {io C³{^m-kv{S-IvNÀ ss^\m³kv enan-äUv Xan-gv\mSv, D¯À{]-tZiv

BZyw 90 I¼-\n-IÄ ]²-Xn-bn XmXv]cyw {]I-Sn-̧ n-s -̈¦nepw

]n¶oSv AXn ]ecpw ]n·m-dp-I-bp-­m-bn. Smäm, dne-b³kv, Pn­mÂ

XpS-§nb h¼-·mÀ ]n·m-dn-b-h-cn DÄs -̧Sp-¶p. X§Ä Dt±-in¨ tXmXn-

epÅ {]Xn-I-cWw kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bn \n¶p-­m-bn«nà F¶mWv

Kh¬saâv ]d-bp-¶-Xv. Cu ipjvI-amb {]Xn-I-c-W-̄ nsâ Imc-W-§Ä

]Tn¨v ]cn-lm-c-amÀ¤-§Ä \nÀt±-in-¡m³ sF.-sF.-F-½ns\ Npa-X-e-s -̧Sp-

¯m\pw Kh¬saâv Btem-Nn-¡p-¶p.

]pcbpsS ]n¶m¼pdw

{KmaoW hnIk\cwK v̄ kzImcy¡¼\nIsf IS¶phcm³

A\phZn¡pIbpw {KmaoWtaJebnse ASnØm\kuIcy§fpsS

]cn]me\aS¡w AhÀ¡v ssIamdpIbpw sN¿pIbmWv ]pcbpsS

A\´c^esa¶v taÂ]dª Imcy§Ä kqNn¸n¡p¶p. km{amPyXzhpw

BtKmf[\aqe[\hpw Kh¬saâpIsf \nb{´n¡pIbpw

hyhkmbaqe[\s¯¡mÄ em`w Dul¡¨hS¯neqsS t\SpIbpw

sN¿p¶ Cu \hDZmchXvIcWImeL«¯n Cu ]²XnbnÂ

]Xnbncn¡p¶ A]IS§Ä hepXmWv. ]©mb¯pXe¯nepÅ

6

Xocpam\saSp¡Â {]{InbbneS¡w BtKmf[\aqe[\¯nsâ

AZriykm¶n²yw Dd¸m¡p¶XmWv ]pcsb¶XmWv kXyw.

\mSnsâ hnIk\aÃ, adn¨v ]camh[n em`w t\SpIsb¶XmWv

kzImcytaJebpsS ASnØm\ tNmZ\. ]pc ]²Xnbn ]¦mfnbmhp¶

kzImcytaJebv¡v apS¡papXen³ta 12% em`w ]²Xn Xs¶

Dd¸p\ÂIp¶p­v. F¶m Cu em`w sIm­v AhÀ Xr]vXcmIpsa¶Xv

_meniamb Nn´mKXnbmWv. emt`Obm \bn¡s¸Sp¶

kzmImcytaJe {KmaoWtaJebnse ASnØm\kuIcy§fn³taÂ

]nSnapdp¡pt¼mÄ kzm`mhnIambpw Zcn{Zcpw ]mÀizhXvIcn¡s¸«hcpw

]pd´Ås¸Spw. `£ytaJet]mse ASnØm\kuIcyhnIk\

taJebpw Dul¡¨hS¯nsâ thZnbmbm t]mepw

AÛpXs¸tS­XnÃ. 73, 74 `cWLS\mt`ZKXnIÄ hn`mh\w

sN¿p¶Xpw tIcf¯n P\Iobmkq{XW¯neqsS kpØm]nXhpamb

A[nImchntI{µoIcW¯nsâ A´xk¯¡v ISIhncp²amWv ]pc

]²Xn. A[nImcw _yqtdm{Iknbn \n¶v XncsªSp¡s¸«

]©mb v̄ kanXnIfneqsS {Kmak`IfneqsS Xmtg¡v ]IcpIbpw

s]mXpP\§sf imàoIcn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ AXn_rl¯mb

{]{InbbmWv A[nImchntI{µoIcWw. ]©mb¯pIsf

t\m¡pIp¯nbm¡ns¡m­v hnIk\{]hÀ¯\amsI kzImcy

Ip¯IIÄ¡v XosdgpXp¶Xv A[nImchntI{µoIcW {]{InbbpsS

IS¡Â I¯n h¡p¶Xn\v XpeyamWv.

]pc ]²Xn P\Iob ]¦mfn¯s¯¸än kwkmcn¡p¶ps­¦nepw

P\Iob CSs]Sen\pÅ Ahkc§fmsI sIm«nbS¡pIbmWv Cu

]²Xn sN¿p¶Xv. Hmtcm ]©mb¯nepw tImSn¡W¡n\p cq]bpsS

]²XnIÄ \S¸m¡p¶ Cu I¼\nIÄ BtcmSpw D¯cw ]dtb­XnÃ.

CubnsS Iw]vt{SmfÀ Bâv HmUnäÀ P\d \S¯nb Nne

\nco£W§Ä ChnsS {]kàamWv. \hen_d ImeL«¯n s]mXp

kwhn[m\§Ä¡p ]pd v̄ PPP amXrIbn tImSn¡W¡n\p cq]bmWv

Nnehgn¡s¸Sp¶Xv. CsXm¶pw Xs¶ bmsXmcp HmUnänwKn\pw

hnt[baÃ. Cu hkvXpX Nq­n¡m«n kn.F.Pn \ÂInb I¯n\v adp]Sn

\ÂIm³ t]mepw tI{µkÀ¡mÀ X¿mdmbnà F¶mWv hmÀ¯.

7

HmUnsä¶Xv shdpsamcp IW¡p ]cntim[\bÃ. XncsªSp¡s¸«

P\m[n]Xykwhn[\§tfmSv D¯cw]dtb­ _m[yXbmWv

HmUnäneqsS \ndthäs¸Sp¶Xv. HmUnänwKv Csöpam{XaÃ. P\§Ä¡v

]²Xnbn A`n{]mbw ]dbmt\m CSs]Smt\m DÅ Hchkchpw ]pc

A\phZn¡p¶nÃ. kpXmcyXbpsS XXz§Ä¡msI FXncmWnXv.

kzImcy¡¼\nIÄ GÀs¸Sp¯p¶ bqkÀ^okn\p taÂ

bmsXmcp \nb{´Whpw D­mInÃ. AXneqsS e`n¡p¶ hcpam\amIs«,

AhcpsS em`w s]cp¸n¡m\mWv, s]mXpJP\mhnte¡Ã

apX¡q«mhpI. ]cn]me\¨nehn Ipdhp hcp¯m³

Igntª¡msa¦nepw Cu Nnehp Npcp¡eneqsS s]mXpNnehv

Ipdbp¶nÃ, adn¨v em`w s]cpIpIbmWv. temI¯mIam\w PPP sb¸än

\S¯nb ]T\§Ä Hcp Imcyw hyàam¡p¶p. PPP bn Ft¸mgpw

em`w kzImcytaJebv¡pw _m²yXIÄ (risks) s]mXp

taJebv¡pamWv. ChnsSbpw AXv hyXykvXamInÃ.

kwØm\¯nsâbpw ]©mb¯nsâbpw A[nImc¯n³taÂ

tI{µKh¬saâv \S¯p¶ ssItbäamWv ]pc. DZmlcW¯n\v

Pehpambn _Ôs¸« hnjb§Ä `cWLS\b\pkcn¨v

kwØm\¯nsâ A[nImc]cn[nbn hcp¶ ImcyamWv. IpSnshÅ

hnXcWw ]©mb¯nsâbpw ap³]pXs¶ tI{µmhnjvIrX

]²XnIfptSbpw AhbpsS \n_Ô\IfptSbpw cq]¯n Cu

hnjb§fn tI{µKh¬saâv CSs]«ncp¶p. ]pcbnemIs«, Hcp ]Sn

IqSn¡S¶v Cu taJe kzImcy¡¼\nIsf GÂ]n¡pIbpw

]©mb¯ns\bpw kwØm\Kh¬saâns\bpw ‘s^knentääÀ’ B¡n

amäpIbpamWv sN¿p¶Xv.

IpSnshÅ cwK v̄ ‘Pe\n[n’ ]²XnbneqsS \nÀan¡s¸«

\qdpIW¡n\v sNdp IpSnshÅ ]²XnIÄ C¶v

D]t`màrkwL§fmWv ]cn]men¡p¶Xv. Cu D]t`màrkwL§Ä¡v

Ch XpSÀ¶v \S¯m³ IgnbmXmhpIbpw ]pc ]²Xn hym]IamhpIbpw

sN¿p¶tXmsS Cu IpSnshÅ ]²XnIÄ kzmImcy¡¼\nIfpsS

A[o\Xbnemhm³ km²yXIÄ GsdbmWv. CXneqsS

8

Pet{kmXkpIfpw Pesa¶ {]IrXn hn`hw Xs¶bpw

Dul¡¨hS¡mcpsS ]nSnbnembmepw AXnibnt¡­XnÃ.

hnIk\sa¶Xv `uXnI kuIcy§Ä sa¨s¸Sp¯p¶XnÂ

am{Xambn HXp§p¶nÃ. hnIk\¯nsâ ^e§Ä Hcp]nSn

k¼¶hn`mK¯n\pam{Xw A\p`hthZyamhpIbpw _lp`qcn]£w

km[mcW¡mÀ ]pd´Ås¸SpIbpw sN¿p¶Xv \hen_d bpK¯nsâ

{]tXyIXbmWv. _lp`qcn]£¯nsâ PohnX\nehmcw sa¨s¸Spt¼mÄ

am{XamWv hnIk\w AÀY]qÀWamhpI. CXmWv hnIk\¯nsâ

P\]£cmjv{Sobw F¶m hnIk\{]hÀ¯\¯n \n¶v

cmjv{Sobs¯ Hgn¨p \nÀ¯pIbpw shdpw km¼¯nI {]hÀ¯\hpw

\nÀamW{]hÀ¯\hpambn hnIk\s¯ Npcp¡pIbpamWv ]pcbneqsS

sN¿p¶Xv.

]pc shdpw hnIk\ t{]mPIväÃ. adn¨v {KmaoWhnIk\s¯ Hcp

‘_nkn\kv tamUÂ’ B¡pIsb¶XmWv ]pcbpsS ASnØm\XXzw.

{KmaoWP\Xsb _nkn\knsâ Icp¡fm¡namäp¶ ]pcbpsS

ASnØm\XXzw Xs¶ FXnÀ¡s¸tS­XmWv. CXns\Xnsc FÃm

tZikvt\lnIfpw H¶nt¡­Xp­v.

hn. ss_Pp

I¬ho\À,

Association of Kerala Water Authority Officers