Properties of Liquids Groups of liquid molecules are held together only by intermolecular forces. [.
Transcript of Properties of Liquids Groups of liquid molecules are held together only by intermolecular forces. [.
Properties of LiquidsProperties of Liquids
•Groups of liquid molecules are held together only by intermolecular forces.
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Properties of LiquidsProperties of Liquids
•Surface Tension
• Intermolecular forces at the surface are imbalanced.
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Properties of LiquidsProperties of Liquids
• Viscosity• “Friction”
between molecules that causes them to resist motion.
• More forces = higher viscosity
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Types of SolidsTypes of Solids
• Crystalline Solids• Particles exist in a
highly ordered repeating pattern.
• Most solids fall into this category.
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Unit Cells – Smallest part of the repeating pattern of a crystalline solid
Types of SolidsTypes of Solids
• Amorphous Solids• Particles trapped in
a disordered arrangement.
• “Supercooled Liquids”
• Substances such as glass, rubber, & plastics
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Crystalline vs. Amorphous
Bonding in SolidsBonding in Solids
• Molecular Solids• Held together by
only intermolecular forces.
• Mostly compounds made of non-metals!
• Soft solids with low melting points.
• Examples: H2O (ice), wax, sugar
Bonding in SolidsBonding in Solids• Metallic Solids• Positive metal nuclei
are surrounded by mobile valence electrons.
• Excellent conductors, but variable hardness and melting points
• Examples: Any metallic element or alloy
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Bonding in SolidsBonding in Solids• Ionic Solids• Positive and negative
ions attract one another. (Metal & Non-Metal)
• Exist as pure crystalline shapes
• Brittle solids with high melting points.
• Examples: Any ionic “salts” such as NaCl, KBr, etc…
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Bonding In SolidsBonding In Solids• Covalent-Network Solids• Covalent bonds form a
network throughout the entire substance. (mostly non-metals)
• Very hard solids with very high melting points.
• Examples: Carbon (diamond form only), Pure Silicon
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