Properties electrolytes turn litmus red sour taste react with metals to form H 2 gas slippery feel...
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Transcript of Properties electrolytes turn litmus red sour taste react with metals to form H 2 gas slippery feel...
Properties
electrolytes
turn litmus red
sour taste
react with metals to form H2 gas
slippery feel
turn litmus blue
bitter taste
ChemASAP
vinegar, milk, soda, apples, citrus fruits
ammonia, lye, antacid, baking soda
electrolytes
Definitions
In aqueous solution…In aqueous solution…
HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl– AcidsAcids dissociate into hydronium ions (H3O+)
H
HH H H
H
ClClO O
–+
acidCourtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
Definitions
In aqueous solution…In aqueous solution…
BasesBases dissociate into hydroxide ions (OH-)
NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH-
H
H
HH H
H
N NO O–+
H
H
H H
baseCourtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
Common AcidsSulfuric Acid H2SO4
Nitric Acid HNO3
Phosphoric Acid H3PO4
Hydrochloric Acid HCl
Acetic Acid CH3COOH
Carbonic Acid H2CO3
Battery acid
To make fertilizersand explosives
Food flavoring
Stomach acid
Vinegar
Carbonated water
Common Bases
Sodium hydroxide NaOH lye or caustic soda
Potassium hydroxide KOH lye or caustic potash
Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 milk of magnesia
Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 slaked lime
Ammonia water NH3 H2O household ammonia
Name Formula Common Name
.NH4OH
NH41+ + OH1-
ammonium hydroxide
Strong vs. Weak
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 508
Acid-Base Neutralization
1+ 1-
+ +
Hydronium ion Hydroxide ion WaterH3O+ OH- H2O
Water
H2O
Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter 3rd Edition, page 584
Neutralization of Bug Bites
Wasp - stings with base
(neutralize with lemon juice or vinegar)
Red Ant - bites with acid
(neutralize with baking soda)
Neutralization
ACID + BASE ACID + BASE SALT + WATER SALT + WATER
HCl + NaOH HCl + NaOH NaCl + H NaCl + H22OO
HCHC22HH33OO22 + NaOH + NaOH NaC NaC22HH33OO22 + H + H22OOweak
strong strong
strong
salt
salt
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem