Water Solutions of Acids Universal Indicator is yellow Turn phenolphthalein colorless Turn litmus...
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Transcript of Water Solutions of Acids Universal Indicator is yellow Turn phenolphthalein colorless Turn litmus...
Water Solutions of Acids
• Universal Indicator is yellow
• Turn phenolphthalein colorless
• Turn litmus paper red
• React with metals to give off hydrogen gas
• Taste Sour
Water Solutions of Bases
• Taste bitter and feel slippery
• Do not react with metals
• Conduct electricity
• Turn litmus paper blue
• Turn phenolphthalein pink
• Universal Indicator is blue
Svante Arrhenius:
Acids form hydronium ions in water while bases form hydroxide ions.
Hydronium ions: [H3O+] (H+ combined with H2O)
Hydroxide ions: [OH]
Svante Arrhenius:
Acids form hydronium ions in water while bases form
Hydronium ions: [H3O+] (H+ combined with H2O)
Hydroxide ions: [OH]
hydroxide ions
Acid and Base Strength
Acid strength depends on the number of hydronium ions formed per mole of acid.
HNO3 is a strong acid and HF is a weak acid. The ionization of hydrofluoric is
more reversible the HNO3 ionization.
HF + H2O F + H3O +
HNO3 + H2O NO3 + H3O +
reversible
Acid and Base Strength
Acid strength depends on the number of hydronium ions formed per mole of acid.
HCl is a strong acid and acetic acid is a weak acid. The ionization of acetic acid is
more reversible the HCl ionization.
CH3COOH + H2O CH3COO + H3O
+
HCl + H2O Cl + H3O+
weak acidstrong acid
Johannes Brønsted:
Definition based on what happens during an acid base reaction
and is not limited to aqueous solutions.
Brønsted Base
A substance that accepts an H+ ion (proton) from another substance
Brønsted Acid
A substance that donates an H+ ion (proton) to another substance
Acid – A substance that produces hydrogen ions in water solution.
HCl H+ + Cl
Acids and Bases
Base – A substance that produces hydroxide ions in water solution.
NaOH Na+ + OH
An acid is a proton donor.
A base is a proton acceptor.
Brønsted states
Brønsted states
Conjugate Acid – A particle obtained after a base has gained a proton.
Conjugate Base – A particle remaining after an acid has donated a proton.
Conjugate Acid and Conjugate Base
Brønsted Used The Acid-Base Reaction
To Define The
NH3 + HCl NH4+ + Cl
Conjugate Acid and Conjugate Base
BaseCan Accept a
Proton
AcidCan Donate a
Proton
Conjugate AcidHas Accepted
A Proton
Conjugate BaseHas Donated
A Proton
The ProtonIs Gone !