A SEMINAR ON PRE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY

Mr. Sam Abraham Mrs. Lekshmi P

Lecturer 1st Year M.Sc Nursing

Josco College of Nursing Josco College of Nursing

Submitted on – 31/10/2013

INTRODUCTION

Pre experimental research design is a type of experimental research design that is used in quantitative research studies. It is named so because they follow basic experimental steps but fail to include a control group.In pre experimental design either a single group or multiple group are observed.

DEFINITION

According to polit-“it is a research design that does not include mechanisms to compensate for the absence of either randomization or a control group”.

Campell and stanely coined the term pre experimental design to “those experimental design that are considered weak. The researcher has little control over the research”.

TYPES

There are mainly three types of study

1. One shot case study.2. One group pre test post test study.3. The static group comparison study.

One shot case study

In this arrangement, subjects are presented with some type of treatment or manipulation and then the outcome is measured. The design does not control any threats to internal validity. As there is no comparison group, it is impossible to determine if the outcome score are any higher than they would have been without the treatment. Without the pretest scores, it is impossible to determine if any change has taken place.

E.g. a group of patient with diabetic foot ulcer is given a class of self care and tested for the knowledge level about self care, after the completion of class. Since

no comparison was made it is difficult to determine whether the level of knowledge exhibited was the result of the class.

ONE GROUP PRE TEST POST TEST STUDY

A benefit of this design over the one shot case study method is the inclusion of a pre test and post test or observation before and after the experimental intervention is done. Only one group is selected and both pre test, post test and the treatment is done on the same group.

E.g. one group of patient with diabetic foot ulcer is selected to assess their knowledge. A pre test is done to know the level of knowledge, health education is provided and then post test is done.

THE STATIC GROUP COMPARISON STUDY

At least two groups are involved. After one group receive the treatment all group are post tested. I.e. one group receives the manipulation and post test is done and for the other group no manipulation is given and post test is done.

E.g. two groups of people with diabetic foot ulcer is chosen. One group is given health education and post test is taken. For the other group health education is

EXPERIMENTAL

GROUP

TREATMENT CLASS

POST TEST

EXPERIMENTAL GROUP

PRE TEST

TREATMENT

POST TEST

not given and post test is done. Main objective is to see the relative effect of the health education given.

ADVANTAGES OF PRE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN

Easy to conduct studies in natural setting commonly in nursing. This design is appropriate for beginners in the field of experimental design.

DISADVANTAGES OF PRE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN

Control over the research is minimal. Treat to internal validity is more and may have a selection bias. Very weak research design to establish casual relation between independent

and dependant variables.

CONCLUSION

The topic deals with the meaning of experimental design which is used in quantitative research study. There are mainly three types of pre experimental design. These designs have advantages as well as disadvantages.

EXPERIMENTAL

GROUP I

TREATM

ENT

POST TEST

EXPERIMENTAL

GROUP II

NO TREATM

ENT

POST TEST

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Text books

1. Dr R.Bincy. nursing research building evidence for practice. Viva publishers. Page no. 150-151

2. Polit hungler. Nursing research principle and method. 6th edition. Lippincot. Page no.711

3. Lo Biondo wood haber. Nursing research method and critical approval for evidence base. 6th edition. Mosby. Page no 220

4. Macnee Mc Cabe. Understanding Nursing research.2nd edition. Lippincot. Page no. 209

5. Houser. Nursing research using and creating evidence. Jones and Barrlet India. Page no 395.

Internet

6. www.researchconnections.org 7. nursing.ouhsc.edu8. www.gobooke.org 9. http://www2.webster.edu