Presentation by István Szőke -...

OECD Halden Reactor Project

Institute for Energy Technology, Halden, Norway

Presentation by István Szőke, (from the Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary)

Terje Johnsen, Michael Nicholas Louka, Tom-Robert Bryntesen,

Joachim Bratteli, Svein Tore Edvardsen, Morten André Gustavsen, Aleksander Lygren Toppe, Grete Rindahl

contact: [email protected]


Safety-MTO

Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) http://www.ife.no

Host of the international OECD Halden Reactor Project (HRP)

Continuous international (bilateral) collaboration with non HRP parties

Human performance, human reliability and organisational factors

Control room design & evaluation – control room systems

Human System Interfaces

Future operations concepts & Integrated operations

Virtual and augmented reality applications

Safety critical software

Man

Technology

Organisation

Petroleum

Technology

Energy and

Environment Nuclear Technology

and Physics

Nuclear Safety and

Reliability

G. Randers,

IFE’s founder

http://intranet.ife.no/index.html


The OECD Halden Reactor Project (OECD HRP)

HRP membership gives FREE access to:

is an international collaborative research, affiliated to OECD NEA in Paris, operated by the Institute for Energy Technology, IFE.

The Halden Agreement was signed in 1958 by OECD countries, (renewed every 3rd year).

An Associated Party Agreement (APA) allows for multiple independent organizations in a country, or non-OECD countries, to participate.

HRP is jointly funded by its members:

utilities, vendors, licensing authorities and R&D centers,

19 countries, >100 nuclear organizations world wide.

Main goal: Safe and Reliable Operation of Nuclear Power Plants

http://www.oecd-nea.org/jointproj/halden.html

http://www.ife.no/en/ife/halden/hrp/the-halden-reactor-project

Data (e.g. LOCA-series, test fuel data bank)

Research work reports (ca. 150 per 3 year period)

Lessons learned reports (alarm systems, HRA methods)

Concepts and Methods (e.g. innovative HSI solutions)

Technology: Instruments

Software Tools (IFE – OECD HRP Radiological Tools)

Computerized Operation Support / Condition Monitoring systems


Simulation Editor Virtual Reality based tool for interactive training (in nuclear environments).

In-situ rad. soft. Software for portable

devices for data acquisition and analyses,

and communication.

Halden Briefer 3D simulations technique for presenting work plans (in nucl. environments).

Customised versions of the

VRdose (Andreeva Planner)

GIS based wide scale

radiological mapping

Google

Earth

Background Experience and testbed in human-centered technology

Halden Planner 3D simulation technique

for planning work (in nuclear environments).

VRdose system 3D simulation technique for planning work and briefing

(in nucl. environments).

+ Experience from human and organizational factors research


Nuclear decommissioning

Nuclear decommissioning is becoming increasingly

important, due to:

nuclear installations reaching their end of lifecycle

unfortunate events

new builds eventually requiring decommissioning

political decisions resulting in premature nuclear

decommissioning

Conditions and requirements differ!

The main question is the same:

How to optimize decommissioning (minimize time & costs, and maximize safety)?


Gathering

and

analyzing

data


Radiological survey considerably

contributes to overall costs of a decom.

project!

Insufficient/incorrect rad. survey has

resulted in unexpected delays, costs and

exposures!

Optimize the number, location and type of

additional samples and measurements required


Health issues Unreliability Costs

Data from earlier phases (pre-operation and operation)

Modelling results (activation calculations,

contamination dispersion & penetration estimates)

Data from earlier decommissioning projects (if extrapolation is possible)

New data already acquired

Take advantage of all the data already available


Operation • Online monitoring data (dose rates)

• Regular survey data (dose rates and surface contamination, radioactivity caught in the filters – tramp uranium)

• Radiological information from maintenance resulting in any change to radiological conditions (reapplication of protective (painting) layers)

• Incidents involving contamination (spills, leakages, fuel element failure – contamination in the primary circuit )

Pre-operation (planning and construction) • Initial site configuration, geological, geochemical, hydrogeological properties, radiation background

• Initial configuration of facility (foundation, subsurface media)

• Physical and chemical material properties (for shielding and activation calculations)

• Natural radioactivity, U, Th, 40K, content

Decommissioning (dismantling, decontamination, remediation)

Transition

Data relevant for decom.

Data relevant for decom.

Preserve all relevant data from earlier phases


• Ensure good rad. data quality (minimize

unacceptable data)

• Use an iterative approach based on a Data Quality

Objective (DQO) process

• Integrate characterisation into other tasks

• Combine several types of measurement and

sampling approaches

Requires more effective solutions for: Registering, verifying (based on DQO) and analysing rad. data

Planning and keeping track of sampling and measurement

Statistical analyses of rad. data


Modelling results (activation calculations,

contamination dispersion & penetration estimates)

Data from earlier decommissioning projects (if extrapolation is possible)

New data already acquired

Rad. data management in 3D 3D decommissioning database

Data from earlier phases (pre-operation and operation)

• Classification

• Contam./activity level

+ Status

+ DQ requirements

+ Time (schedule, actual)

+ Responsible

+ etc…

Data filtration

Stat. analyses (internal & export)


In situ rad. data management in 3D

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:IPad-WiFi-1stGen.jpg


Insufficient/incorrect radiological characterization

has resulted in

• incorrect estimation of resulting rad. waste,

• more rad. waste than anticipated, and

• incorrect estimation of the nature and extent of

remedial actions required (decontamination,

conditioning of activated material, segregation of waste)

=> Unexpected costs and delays!


Utilise innovative solutions for

• identification (type, isotopic composition, location and

concentration, physical and chemical state) of

contamination (in structures, systems, components and

environmental media),

• quantification of activated materials and structures,

• identification and classification of radioactive materials

(for supporting treatment, packaging, shipping and

disposal)


Innovative solutions for rad. characterization

Filter “objects” by user def. criteria, i.e.

classification.

←Earlier possibilities for characterisation

New possibilities (under development…)↓


Planning

decom. activities


Suboptimal allocation of staff and resources

leads to delays

=> Increased cost!

Apply innovative solutions for allocating

staff and resources timely and adequately

taking into account constraints (rad. waste

capacity, dose limits to workers, etc.)


Advanced planning of decommissioning The Scenario Composer,

developed for the

Oil and Gas

industry.

calculate

resources needed

and risks involved


Estimating risk to field operators from radiation

and other harms is challenging due to the

dynamicity of exposure conditions!

Incorrect risk estimation and uninformed choice

between remote-controlled and manual techniques

results in unnecessary costs or unexpected health

consequences!

Apply novel solutions for dynamic (real-time)

estimation of radiation (and other) risks

associated with the sampling, measurements,

decontamination and dismantling (in combination

with traditional techniques, e.g. MC radiation transport

for high accuracy calculations)


Dynamic estimation of risk associated with a

user def. work scenario

allows optimization of work scenarios in

terms of safety and costs!


Insufficient/incorrect assessment of potential

risks to the general public and the environment

(associated with the planned decommissioning

activities) and inadequate preparedness (e.g. public

information in case of an accidental release) results

in severe health and environmental

consequences!

Suboptimal decision about the end-state of the site (release

with or without restriction, i.e. balance long-term liabilities vs.

costs for decommissioning to green-field) may result in high

excessive costs or severe health and env. consequences!

Provide efficient (detailed but easy to understand)

information (radiological, geological, etc.) to decision

makers


GIS based wide scale dynamic mapping & monitoring

Map types

Gamma dose rates

Beta dose rates

Contamination

Weather conditions

Population data

Risk projections

Cost projections

Dispersion projections

…

Contamination

Water table

Drinking water

Ground surface

Ground

subsurface

Vegetation

ABPM

…


Inefficient communication with regulators and

advisors results in delays!

Utilize advanced solutions for communication to

advisors and regulators (authorities)


Training

field operators


• Conditions and tasks are different from those wonted

during operation

• New skills may be required and skilled people may leave

due to job insecurity => new people are hired

=> Field operators may have inadequate familiarity

with the environment, and poor understanding of

the tasks to be performed.

This leads to delays and accidents!

Train the workers well and cost efficiently for the new

tasks (incl. preparation for possible mishaps)

The opportunity of acquiring new skills may prevent

fleeing of skilled people


3D simulation based briefing

2D collective

3D collective

3D interactive

individual

& remote

In-situ


Virtual Reality (VR) based training: • No presence in the real environment is required

• Safe

• No disturbance to normal operations

• Cost effective (cheaper than physical mock-ups)

• No limit to participates training in parallel

• Remote training is possible

• Automatic evaluation of the trainees’ performance

• Easily adoptable (modifiable) to alternative situations

• Intuitive visualization of dangers (risks) increases

situation awareness


VR based interactive training

and natural interaction with the system

(VR environment).

with classic interaction

(PC with mouse and

keyboard))


Performing

decom. activities


Poor communication between team members (in

the field or in the CR) resulted in accidents and

delays!


communication (in combination with traditional

techniques, e.g. radio com.)

OECD Halden Reactor Project 31

Ensuring optimal (ALARA principle) protection of

workers from radiation and other harms is

demanding! • Monitoring risk to field operators is challenging

due to the • dynamicity of exposure conditions,

• likelihood of unexpected situations, and

• strong dependence of the risks to a field operator on

the actions of other members of the team.

• Communicating dynamic 3D risk information to the

field operators is challenging


monitoring and communication of radiation (and

other) risks


• Personal doses (dose charts)

• Risk distribution based on measured ambient doses and estimates

• Other radiological measurements (rad. characterisation)

• Current worker activities and worker positions

• Current state of the environment (shields, sources)

• Unexpected situations (location + text, drawing, photo), etc.

from field ops., database, fixed measuring devices, etc.

Advanced monitoring from the CR


Real-time risk monitoring in 3D

Team 1:

Opening reaktor lid

Team 2:

Waiting

Team 1:

Opening reaktor lid

Team 2:

Waiting

More real-time radiological

information,

less nuclear safety

information

in the CR!


Advanced field team information 3

D

info

rmation

• Radiological and other measurements (available and requested from the CR)

• List of tasks, their status and worker assignments (updatable)

• Current worker activities and worker positions (updatable)

• Unexpected situations (location + text, drawings, photos)

• Warnings (indications of dangers and risk maps)

• Locations spec. information, e.g. photo (available and requested from the CR)

• Etc…


• Warnings to field operators (maps of risk

distribution)

• Positions of teams working in parallel

• Etc…

Real-time risk information to field ops.

Team 1:

Opening reaktor lid

Team 2:

Waiting

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:IPad-WiFi-1stGen.jpg


Passing on

experience


Efficient preservation and communication of

knowledge & experience would lower costs and

chance of accidents!

Bad public opinion generated political decisions

resulting in premature nuclear decommissioning!


Advanced solutions for

• knowledge preservation

• education, and

• communication to the media (the public)


Transition • Planning final removal of operational waste

• Survey of historical data

• Planning additional rad. surveys (sampling and measurements)

• Managing and analyzing survey and activation calculation data

• Initial worker safety assessments and protection design

• Environmental impact assessments

• Designing final decommissioning plans

• General timing of work and resource allocation

• Detailed planning of specific work tasks

• Communication (to authorities, advisors and to the public)

• Training of workers for decommissioning tasks

Decommissioning (dismantling, decontamination, remediation) • Communication (field operators, the control room)

• New radiological surveys

• Update worker safety assessments and protection

• Update decommissioning plans (general timetables and detailed work tasks)

• Waste classification (dose based clearance and release)

• Final survey of end state (subsurface contamination)

• Support development of long term safety assessment / monitoring strategy

• Support regulator’s confirmatory survey

Advanced human-centred technologies greatly

enhance efficiency and safety during

decommissioning


Pre-operation (planning and construction) • Preserve data for decom. (rad. background, site config., material properties, nat. radioactivity, etc…)

• Initial decommissioning plansInitial work plans for operation (maintenance, outage)

+ Initial work plans for operation (maintenance, outage)

+ Adjust design for optimal worker safety

+ Train workers even before operation starts

+ Planning emergency preparedness system, etc…

Operation • Preserve data for decom. (online monitoring and regular survey data, rad. data about incidents, etc…)

• Preliminary decommissioning plans (with cost estimates)

+ Planning and training for maintenance and outage work

+ Planning radiological surveys

+ Environmental surveillance (the installation and the surroundings, on-line and off-line)

+ Registering and analysing radiological data from regular surveys and after incidents

+ Implementing an efficient emergency preparedness system

+ Communication (field teams – CR, advisors, regulators, ..), etc…

and throughout the whole lifecycle.


Pre-operation

(planning and construction)

Operation

Transition

Decommissioning

(dismantling, decontamination, remediation)

site release

Exp

erie

nce

fro

m e

arlie

r

pro

ject

s

faci

litat

ing

late

r d

eco

m.!

Information relevant for later phases!




and human and organizational research

enables IFE to address issues of the nuclear industry

from a general perspective instead of tacking individual features of the problems without considering

all associated aspects contributing the failures of inefficiencies.

Realistic 3D simulation of work procedures

Real-time 3D risk analyses

Advanced visualization of complex 3D data

Virtual Reality based training

New technology for registration of data (in 3D environments)

Innovative tools for communication (CR, field teams, regulators,

advisors, the public)

Advanced tools for scheduling work tasks

and monitoring progress

Prompt and easy to understand

environmental impact assessments

Experience from R&D of technologies


Thank you

Presentation by István Szőke -...

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