Prateek Power Training

8/11/2019 Prateek Power Training

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the engineering field only theoretical knowledge cannot satisfy an engineers need and

only on that basis an engineering cant do field work efficiently therefore it is very important

for an engineering line student to opt some training like this. To get this knowledge every

student of engineering college takes a 45 days training according to his own branch in a well

established factory or an organization in which work is being done practically and how

practical work is managed in normal working condition. I am very grateful to Mr. Naveen

Sen,HOD of electrical engineering, Pacific Institute of Engineering College, Udaipurfor

giving me the permission for training.

We are also thankful to all the faculty members of Electrical Engineering Department of our

college for their full co-operation and help.

The technical guidance and constant encouragement made it possible to tie over the

numerous problems, which so ever came up during the training. Our greatest thanks are to all

who wished us success.

I am also grateful to Mr prateek paliwal,training, Prateek Industries Pvt. Ltd. Udaipur,

for -giving me the permission and providing facility for dissertation work. I thank all the staff

-members and workers who helped me in plant for their precious cooperation.


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DECLARATION

This is to certify that Mr/Ms. , a student of

B.Tech.(Electrical Engineering) . semester has submitted His/her industrial traning

report entitled .. under my/our guidance.

Mr. Pankaj Kumar Mehta

(Lecturer)


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PREFACE

It is immense pleasure for me to summit this training report as a part of B.Tech course in

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING.I have taken my practical training of 45 days in Prateek

industries Pvt. Ltd. Udaipurwhich is renowned company for manufacturer, supplier and

exporter of Electric Power/control panels in India. I was exposed to real working

environment and working condition in period of training. I have maintained a training report

and recorded day to day accounts of observations impressions and information gathered from

situation personnel and technical literature.

On the basis of these collected information and guidance provided, I have prepared a

comprehensive training report. This report contains the history and introduction of Prateek

power industries Pvt. Ltd.Description of various departments were allotted.


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LIST OF FIGURE

SR.NO FIGURE NAME PAGE NO.

1 Hydraulics Shearing Machine

2 Hydraulic Press Brake Machine

3 NC Hydraulic Power Press Machine

4 MIG Welding

5 TIG Welding

6 Hydraulic Copper Busbar Punching-shearing-bending Machine :

7 Mcc Panel

8 Pcc Panel

9 Acb

10 Mcb

11 Bus Bar

12 Changeover switch13 Single Line Diagram


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LIST OF TABLES

SL.NO. Table name Page no.

1 Our Team Table

2 Single Line Diagram Table

Distribution panel


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CONTENTS

CHAPTER-1

PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

ABOUT US

Introduction

Certifications and Awards

ROBUST INFRASTRUCTURE

MAJOR CUSTOMERS

CHAPTER-2

MCC,

PCC,

ACB

MCB

BUSBAR

SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER

CHAPTER-3

Distribution panel

CHAPTER-1


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To create, build and maintain long term relationships with our clients by providing

personalized services and solutions of the highest quality. We envision creating an ever

expanding customer base that is unwaveringly loyal on account of the sterling services that

we plan to hone and polish incessantly.

MISSION:-

With our sights firmly set on our Vision, our Mission is to ensure improved technical

and financial performance of our clients manufacturing operations through upgraded design,

constant development and precision oriented implementation of innovative and integratedautomation solutions.

Our Team :

S.No Post In

TEAM

Age Experience

1 Draftsman 35 16 yrs

2 Draftsman 24 5 yrs

3 Fabricator 32 12 yrs

4 Fabricator 28 8 yrs

5 Welder 30 11 yrs

6 Welder 32 12 yrs

7 Welder 25 4 yrs

8 Powder

Coating

38 13 yrs

9 Helpers ( 12) 21-28 yrs 2 yrs to 8 yrs

10 Security 32 yrs 12 yrs

11 Acc + HR + 23-65 yrs 2-38yrs.


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Total team Members = 30 member

Why Us?

We have great reputation in the market for offering world class electric power/control panels

that find wide application in various sectors. Our products are chosen by customers on

priority basis because we don't compromise on quality. Everything delivered at their end is

well tested by qualified and experienced quality personnel. Furthermore, there are some

certain factors that bring us the capability to overcome competitive market.

Such factors include the following:

Robust infrastructure

Reliable vendor base

Quality monitoring unit

Wide distribution network

Timely delivery of consignment.

Reasons Why Our Clients Choose Us

Why Clients Choose Us

Our clients tell us that we are unmatched in our drive to deliver the results they seekand

this is no coincidence. To deliver on our promise, we designed our manufacturing system

elements in such a way that, when combined, allow us to deliver better results for clients than

any other firm.

We Are Committed To Our Clients Success Like No One Else


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We founded our company with a complete focus on helping our clients and partners achieve

measurable business results. Our clients and partners feel this commitmentthis culturethe

moment they meet someone from PRATEEK POWER, and they repeatedly refer to it as the

reason they choose to continue to work with PRATEEK POWER

With Our Packaged Service Offerings, We Hold Ourselves Accountable To

Our Clients

At the outset of every engagement, from business process definition to systems deployment,

we assume responsibility for meeting our commitments on time and on budget. In order to do

this, we had to become experts at defining and managing requirements, planning and

estimating, forging consensus, and managing complex initiatives.

We Deliver Superior Returns For Our Clients Investments

We deliver the right business results on time and on budget, which maximizes our clients

return from their investments. We have designed and refined the Merit approach to overcome

the fundamental reasons that Engineering initiatives fail to deliver the intended business

value. Our approach ensures that the right business processes are enabled in alignment with

your strategy.

We Provide Industry, Process, Design, And Technology Expertise And

Assets To Ensure Success

Our industry-focused teams plan, design, implement and manage complex, industry-leading

solutions using deep knowledge of business processes, user-centered design, packages, and

enterprise integration.


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We Use A Fundamentally Different Approach To Get To The Right

Answers

Electrical Engineering initiatives fail to deliver business value at an alarming rate, and the

reasons are well-documented and consistent across industries. We designed the Merit

approach to overcome these root causes of failure by employing tools and techniques that

build consensus, speed, and momentum and guide programsfrom planning to

managementtoward success.

Services Offered:

Besides dealing in quality electrical products, our company is offering a few highly

professionals services, which are as mentioned below:

Electric Panel Commissioning Services

Electrical Engineering Services

Turnkey Projects for PP/HDPE WOVEN SACK Industries etc.

Turnkey Projects for PP/HDPE WOVEN SACK Industries

HDPE/PP oriented strips are becoming increasingly popular in India & have caught the eye

of many end users for their requirement of packing materials. They have become popular on

account of their inertness towards chemical, moisture & excellent resistance towards rotting

& fungus attack. They are non toxic. Lighter in weight & have more advantages than

conventional bags. PP/HDPE woven sacks laminated with LDPE/PP liner have wider

applications. HDPE woven sacks are much stronger & can withstand much higher impact

loads because of HDPE strips elongation at break is about 15-25% as compared to 30% of

Jute. These sacks are much cleaner & resist fungal attack. Jute prices are very unstable in the

market since Jute is an agriculture product. These sacks have many advantages over other

conventional sacks materials & are quite competitive in price.


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The major users of HDPE/PP woven sacks are fertilizer, sugar, cattle feed, cement & other

chemical Industries. Oil seeds, salt, starch, pesticides, detergents & many other items are also

being packed in woven sacks. Fabric from HDPE strips is also ideal for the manufacture of

shopping bags, sport hold-all, deck chairs, books binding Cinema screen wall facing & carpet

backing etc.

Countries/States/City Where we have Work

Rajasthan:- Udaipur, Bikaner, Sirohi, Pindwara, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Pali, Rajnagar

Madhya Pradesh:- Jhabua , Meghnagar Dhamnod , Dhar Naya Gaav, Neemuch

Uttaranchal:- Rudrapur City ( Uddham Singh Nagar) Haridwar

Guwahati:- Shillong Road Barnyad.

Nepal (Triveni Group)

DUBAI (U.A.E)

Testing Equipments :

High Voltage Tester

Earth Tester

MEGGER (Insulation tester)

Multi-Meters

Micron Meter (Thickness testing )

Power Analyzer

And many more efficient Machines and Equipments for different workings .


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MAJOR CUSTOMERS:-

We serve the following industries from past 20 Years:

Cement plant

HDPE-PP Woven Sack Plant

Sulphuric Acid Plant

Fertiliser Plant

Telecommunication Industry

Engineering colleges

Thermal Power Plant

Crusher Plant/ Grinding Units

Multi-Storey/ Complex Building (Power Work)

Govt. Hospitals

Indian Army

Airport Authority

L P G Gas Plant

Municipal corporation (Street Lights)

Urban Improvement Trust (U I T)

Western Railways

Medicinal Drugs Plant


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Alcohol (Wine) Plant

Marble Industry

1.2 INTRODUCTION


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A Prominent name in the electric power/ control panel business, Prateek Power Industries

(An ISO 9001-2008 ; 14001-2004 ) Company has grown by leaps and bounds over the years.

Our company is known as the leading manufacturer, supplier and exporter of different types

of world class Electric Power/Control Panels. These are available in varities of

MCC,PCC,AMF Panel, PLC Based Control Panel, Power Factor Panel, DG Panel, Control

Panels, etc. Moreover, we are also a trader of all kinds of electrical switchgear. Our products

have witnessed higher demand in domestic and international markets. They are exported to

various countries including U.A.E. and Nepal.

CERTIFICATIONS AND AWARDS :

ISO 9001-2008 Certified

EMS 14001-2004 Certified

NSIC-CRISIL Rated

C.P.R.I Tested and Approved Panel Manufacturer

1.3 ROBUST INFRASTRUCTURE:


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Our company is backed by robust infrastructure, which is well equipped with state-of-the-art

machines and equipments. All the machines and equipment are easy to operate and have high

production capacity. They are kept well maintained and upgraded in compliance with the

least trends so as to we could strengthen our manufacturing process by enhancing their

performance. Following are some of the machines and equipment, we have installed:

Hydraulic Shearing Machine ( Cap. 30 Tons ) -1 Nos.

Hydraulics Shearing Machine

The Hydraulic Shearing Machines are designed from ultrasonically tested IS 2062 grade

steel structures.

Robust construction gives more rigidity & strength to machines. These machines are

capable to perform the accurate and precise cutting needs.

The specially designed compact manifolds give smooth and silent operation.

Range:3 mm to 25 mm | Length:1250 mm to 7000 mm


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Product Features

Variable Rake Angle Design Machines.

Better cutting accuracy in thin sheets at lower rake angle.

Higher cutting capacity at maximum rake angle.

Automatic Rake angle adjustment.

Pre-calibrated easy blade gap adjustment.

Low noise & smooth operation gives higher efficiency of operator.

Less power consumption.

Better safety for operator and machine.

Fine stroke adjustment rod with limit switch. Front sheet support.

Squaring arm with steel rule for front gauging.

Hardened Transfer bars mounted on table.

Hold down cylinders.

Cutting area illuminated for clear view of blades.

Four edge HCHCr Blade suitable to MS & SS.

Hydraulic Press Brake Machine ( Cap. 30 Tons ) -1 Nos.

Hydraulic Press Brake Machine

A Hydraulic Press Brakes are highly productive, accurate, and economical. Through

advanced design and construction, Energy mission offers quality Hydraulic Press Brakes

that provide simplified and easily accessible controls for optimum operator efficiency

and output.

These press brakes are manufactured to high standards of lifetime durability and

precision accuracy.

Pair of hydraulic cylinders is synchronized mechanically by a heavy-duty torque tube

construction. This facility ensures absolute parallelism between ram and table working


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surface.

Range:20MT to 700MT | Length:1250 mm to 6000 mm

Product Features

The stable robust welded steel frame made of ultrasonically tested IS 262 plates as per

guidelines of IMTMA standards.

Fast approach & fast return speeds to save cycle time, slow pressing speed for better

stroke control & bending accuracy, ensures high productivity.

Repetitive accuracy within 0.04 mm.

International quality hydraulics components. Specially designed compact. Manifolds

gives smooth, silent & jerk less operation.

Front operated manual back gauge with micro-adjustment.

Accurate & fine ram position control by micro limit switch.

Five piece adjustable guides with special wear resistant liners.

Hydraulic cylinder with twin type sealing low & high pressure and hard chrome.

Plated rod with special type guide for long life without leakage.

Centralized lubrication with flow control ensures adequate lubrication at all points.


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Moving work station with on/off controls, emergency push button &selector for

manual, semi-auto &automatic mode for easy operation & safety.

Ram tilting to maintain banding accuracy over period.

Hydraulic Power Press Machine ( 30 Tons )-1 Nos.

NC Hydraulic Power Press Machine:

NC hydraulic power Press are economical and very reliable solution for industry

demand. NC hydraulic power press are designed to give more accuracy and better

productivity. The controller has a facility to program the various jobs with complex

bending sequence on screen.

The Numeric Control is used for Two Axis Control,

1.Ram Axis Y

2. Back Gauge Axis X.

The program gives facility to bend different bending degrees; different back gauge

positions & different open positions. It has a facility to save different programs and same

can be reloaded as & when required. The back gauge consists of Flip-top Fingers, Ball

Screw & Linear Bearing along with drive.

Range:20MT to 600MT | Length:1250 mm to 7000 mm


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Product Features

It has a facility to program the variegated jobs includes complex bending sequence.

This facility helps to perform complicated bending job in a signal setting and

repeatable production.

Dedicated controller with LCD monochrome screen & numeric keypad. Bend angle & Depth Mode program.

128 Programs x 16 bends per program can be stored.

Stroke control and stroke counter on screen.

Highly Precise press brake scale for accurate Y- axis positioning.

AC Servo drive for back gauge positioning.

Hardened ground Balls screwand linear motion bearing for better position accuracy

and longer life.

Ram tilting to maintain banding accuracy over period.

MIG Welding Machines ( 250 Amp )-3 Nos.

Gas metal arc welding/MIG welding : (for high deposition rate

welding)


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The inert-gas consumable electrode process, or the MIG process is a refinement of the TIG

process. In this process, the tungsten electrode has been replaced with a consumable

electrode. The electrode is driven through the same type of collet that holds a tungsten

electrode by a set of drive wheels. The consumable electrode in MIG process acts as the

source for the arc column as well the supply for the filler material.

This process can deposit large quantities of weld metal at a fast welding speed.

This process is easily adaptable to semi-automatic or fully automatic operations.

To perform gas metal arc welding, the basic necessary equipment is a welding gun, a wire

feed unit, awelding power supply,anelectrodewire, and ashielding gassupply.

Arc Welding Machines (200 Amp )-3 Nos.
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Tungsten inert gas welding : (for high quality and precision

welding)

In this process the heat necessary to melt the metal is provided by a very intense electric arc

which is struck between a virtually non-consumable tungsten electrode and metal

workpiece.thr electrode doesnot melt and become a part of the weld. On joints where filler

metal is required, a welding rod is fed into the weld zone and melted with the base metal in

the same manner as that used with oxyacetylene welding. The major inert gases that are used

are argon and helium.

Again because of the property of stainless alloys, the only right choice of welding method to

use is a "Gas Tungsten Arc Welder" (GTAW), I call it TIG (Tungsten Insert Gas) welder for

short. TIG welding is a commonly used high quality welding process. TIG welding has

become a popular choice of welding processes when high quality, precision welding is

required.

In TIG welding an arc is formed between a non consumable tungsten electrode and the metal

being welded. Gas is fed through the torch to shield the electrode and molten filler rod. ATIG welder's main benefits are superior quality welds, welds can be made with or without

filler metal, precise control of welding variables (heat), free of spatter, low distortion.

Fig:TIG Welding

Spot Welding Machine-1 Nos.


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Hand Grinders-8 Nos.

7-tank Phosphating for surface cleaning/treatment

Capacity-7000 Litres

It provides complete Surface Treatment which involves process like Degreasing, Rinsing,

De-rusting, Cleaning & Rinsing, Cleaning, activation, Phosphating, Rinsing, Passivation.

Powder Coating Machines-2 Nos.

The Powder Coating Machines are Fully Automatic conveyorized powder coating plant

Suitable for epoxy base polyester coating

Curing oven for upto 00 C

Busbar fabrication machine

Hydraulic Copper Busbar Punching-shearing-bending Machine :

This machine is mainly used for processing all kinds of copper and aluminum busbars( and

other sheet metal). The user can punch, shear and fold the busbars in the corresponding

processing unit. It is the ideal equipment in high & low voltage electric appliance product

industry for its high production efficiency.

The features of machine are turret type, 3 working stations, Numerical control of angle,

and 3 driving motors for 3 independent units. Three units may work simultaneously,

respectively and do not effort each other.

Function:

Cutting

Punching (Including various round hole and rectangular hole)

Horizontal bending, Vertical bending (Numerical Control of Angle)

Embossing

Pressing cable joint

Twisting


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Reverse flattening etc.

for Copper or Aluminium busbar.

Fig:Hydraulic Copper Busbar Punching-shearing-bending Machine

Drill Machines-5 Nos.

And many more basic tools.


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CHAPTER-2

2.1 MCC Panel:

A Motor Control Centre is a modular cabinet system designed for powering and controlling

motors in a factory thereby assuring flexibility and operator safety. A typical MCC cabinet is

a enclosure with a number of small doors arranged in rows and columns along the front and

flat, mostly featureless back and sides. behind each door is a unit which connects the

electrical drives inside to the electrical bus bars behind it. An MCC with only one column of

buckets is called a single section MCC. MCCs are very common sites in factories. With

heavy machinery, although the purpose they serve is changing. MCC is capable to feed larger

loads and come with multiple power stabs, to support high capacity industrial motors. The

MCC units include:

Full voltage non-reversing and full voltage reversing starters.

AC variable frequency drives.

PLC I/O chassis.

Solid state motors controllers.

Lighting boards.

Transformers.

Analog or digital metering.

Feeder circuit breakers.

Feeder fusible disconnects.


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Fig: A Typical MCC Panel Diagram

2.2 PCC Panel:

A PCC receives power either from Electricity board or captive system and to distribute them

to MCCS, PDBS, LDBS, etc.., The PCC are carefully designed, wired, tested and factoryassembled with electrical equipment installed inside totally as per customer requirements.

Power control centres offer customized solution to save costs not only on installations but

also on equipment storage, handling and field testing. Power control centres are modeled to

house items such as:

Low- voltage switchgear.

Incoming and outgoing feeders.


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Metering Equipment.

Batteries and SCADA systems.

FIG: A PCC PANEL

2.3 AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER:


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Thistype of circuit breakers,is those kind ofcircuit breaker which operates in air at atmospheric pressure.

After development of oil circuit breaker, the medium voltage air circuit breaker (ACB) is replaced

completely by oil circuit breaker in different countries. But in countries like France and Italy, ACBs are

still preferable choice up tovoltage15 KV. It is also good choice to avoid the risk of oil fire, in case ofoil

circuit breaker.In America ACBs were exclusively used for the system up to 15 KV until the development

of new vacuum and SF6circuit breakers.

Working Principle of Air Circuit Breaker:

The working principle of this breaker is rather different from those in any other types of circuit breakers.

The main aim of all kind ofcircuit breakeris to prevent the reestablishment of arcing afterelectric current

zero by creating a situation where in the contact gap will withstand the system recovery voltage. The air

circuit breakerdoes the same but in different manner. For interrupting arc it creates an arc voltage in

excess of the supply voltage. Arcvoltageis defined as the minimumvoltagerequired maintaining the arc.

Thiscircuit breakerincreases the arcvoltageby mainly three different ways,
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Although this type of circuit breakers have become obsolete for mediumvoltage application,

but they are still preferable choice for highelectric current rating in lowvoltage application.

2.4 MCB:

MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker)

Rated current not more than 100 A.

Trip characteristics normally not adjustable.

Thermal or thermal-magnetic operation.

MCCB (Moulded Case Circuit Breaker):

Rated current up to 1000 A.

Trip current may be adjustable.

Thermal or thermal-magnetic operation.

Working Principle Miniature Circuit Breaker:

There are two arrangement of operation of miniature circuit breaker. One due to thermal

effect of over electric current and other due to electromagnetic effect of over current. The

thermal operation of miniature circuit breakeris achieved with a bimetallic strip whenever

continuous over electric current flows through MCB, the bimetallic strip is heated and

deflects by bending. This deflection of bimetallic strip releases mechanical latch. As this

mechanical latch is attached with operating mechanism, it causes to open the miniaturecircuit

breakercontacts. But during short circuit condition, sudden rising of electric current, causes

electromechanical displacement of plunger associated with tripping coil or solenoid of MCB.

The plunger strikes the trip lever causing immediate release of latch mechanism consequently

open the circuit breaker contacts. This was a simple explanation of miniature circuit

breakerworking principle.
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fig:MCB

2.5 SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER:

Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) is an excellent gaseous dielectric for high voltage power

applications. It has been used extensively in high voltage circuit breakers and other

switchgears employed by the power industry. Applications for SF6 include gas insulated

transmission lines and'gas insulated power distributions. The combined electrical, physical,

chemical and thermal properties offer many advantages when used in power switchgears.

Some of the outstanding properties of SF6 making it desirable to use in power applicationsare:

V High dielectric strength

V Unique arc-quenching ability

V Excellent thermal stability

V Good thermal conductivity

These type of circuit breakers have good dielectric strengthand excellent arc quenching property. It is an inert, non-toxic, non-flammable and heavy gas.


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As circuit breakers are totally enclosed and sealed from atmosphere so it is very careful

where explosion hazards exist. At atmospheric pressure, its dielectric strength is about 2.5

times that of air. At normal conditions it is chemically inert, these properties of sf6 has made

it possible to design circuit breakers with smaller overall dimensions, shorter contact gaps,

which help in the constructions of outdoor breakers with fewer interrupts and evolution of

metalclad. It is particularly suitable for metaclad switch-gear. It is suitable for the range 3.3kv

to 765kv. They are preferred for voltages 132kv and above. Electrical Since, these are of two

types. They are as, follows:

(i)Double Pressure Type SF6 Circuit Breaker In double pressure type circuit breaker, the

system employed is double pressure system in which the gas from a high pressure

compartment is released into low pressure compartment through a nozzle during the arcextinction process. This type of circuit breaker has become obsolete.

(ii) Single Pressure Type SF6 Circuit Breaker In this type the gas is compressed by the

moving cylinder system and is released through the nozzle during arc extinction. This is most

popular type of design of sf6 circuit breaker. Properties of SF6 Circuit Breaker

1.Physical properties:

(a) Colorless, odorless, non-toxic and non- inflammable gas.

(b) Pure gas is not harmful to health.

(c) It has excellent heat transfer property.

2. Chemical properties:

(a) Its chemically stable at atmospheric pressure and temperature.

(b) It is chemically inert.

(c) Its non-corrosive on all metals at ambient temperatures.

1. Electrical properties:

(a) It has high di-electric strength.

(b) High corona inception voltage.


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(c) Dielectric constant of SF6 is independent of the frequency of the applied voltage.

(d) Arc-interrupting capacity.

2.7 BUS BARS :

Inelectrical power distribution,a busbaris a strip or bar ofcopper,brassoraluminiumthat

conducts electricity within a switchboard, distribution board, substation,battery bank, or

other electrical apparatus. Its main purpose is to conduct a substantial current of electricity,

and not to function as astructural member.

The cross-sectional size of the busbar determines the maximum amount ofcurrentthat can be

safely carried. Busbars can have a cross-sectional area of as little as 10 mm2, but electrical

substations may use metal tubes 50 mm in diameter (20 cm2) or more as busbars. An

aluminium smelterwill have very large busbars used to carry tens of thousands ofamperesto

theelectrochemical cellsthatproduce aluminiumfrom moltensalts.

Design and placement[edit]

Busbars are typically either flat strips or hollow tubes, as these shapes allowheatto dissipate

more efficiently due to their high surface area tocross-sectionalarea ratio. The skin effect

makes 50 HYPERLINK "/wiki/Utility_frequency" HYPERLINK

"/wiki/Utility_frequency"60 HYPERLINK "/wiki/Utility_frequency"Hz ACbusbars more

than about 8 mm (5/16 in) thickness inefficient, so hollow or flat shapes are prevalent in

higher current applications. A hollow section has higher stiffness than a solid rod of

equivalent current-carrying capacity, which allows a greater span between busbar supports in

outdoor switchyards.

A busbar must be sufficiently rigid to support its own weight, as well as forces imposed by

mechanical vibration and possibly earthquakes, as well as accumulated precipitation in

outdoor exposures. In addition, thermal expansion from temperature changes induced by

ohmic heating and ambient temperature variations, and magnetic forces induced by large

currents must be considered.

Busbars are typically contained inside switchgear,panel boards, or busway enclosures.Distribution boards split the electrical supply into separate circuits at one location. Busways,
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Electrical_power_distributionhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Electrical_power_distributionhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Electrical_power_distributionhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Copperhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Copperhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Copperhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Brasshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Brasshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Brasshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Aluminiumhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Aluminiumhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Aluminiumhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Electricityhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Electricityhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Electric_switchboardhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Electric_switchboardhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Distribution_boardhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Distribution_boardhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Electrical_substationhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Electrical_substationhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Battery_(electrical)http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Battery_(electrical)http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Structural_loadhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Structural_loadhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Structural_loadhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Electric_currenthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Electric_currenthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Electric_currenthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Electrical_substationhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Electrical_substationhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Electrical_substationhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Aluminium_smelterhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Aluminium_smelterhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Amperehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Amperehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Amperehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Electrochemical_cellhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Electrochemical_cellhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Electrochemical_cellhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Hall%E2%80%93H%C3%A9roult_processhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Hall%E2%80%93H%C3%A9roult_processhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Hall%E2%80%93H%C3%A9roult_processhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Saltshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Saltshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Saltshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/w/index.php?title=Busbar&action=edit&section=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/w/index.php?title=Busbar&action=edit&section=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/w/index.php?title=Busbar&action=edit&section=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Heathttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Heathttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Heathttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Surface_areahttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Surface_areahttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Surface_areahttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Cross_section_(geometry)http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Cross_section_(geometry)http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Cross_section_(geometry)http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Skin_effecthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Skin_effecthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Utility_frequencyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Utility_frequencyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Utility_frequencyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Utility_frequencyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Utility_frequencyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Alternating_currenthttp://localhost/var/w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or bus ducts, are long busbars with a protective cover. Rather than branching from the main

supply at one location, they allow new circuits to branch off anywhere along the route of the

busway.

A busbar may either be supported on insulators, or else insulation may completely surroundit. Busbars are protected from accidental contact either by a metal earthed enclosure or by

elevation out of normal reach. PowerNeutralbusbars may also be insulated.Earthing(safety

grounding) busbars are typically bare and bolted directly onto any metal chassis of their

enclosure. Busbars may be enclosed in a metal housing, in the form of bus duct or busway,

segregated-phase bus, orisolated-phase bus.

Busbars may be connected to each other and to electrical apparatus by bolted, clamped, or

welded connections. Often, joints between high-current bus sections have precisely-machinedmatching surfaces that are silver-plated to reduce the contact resistance. At extra high

voltages (more than 300 kV) in outdoor buses, corona discharge around the connections

becomes a source of radio-frequency interference and power loss, so special connection

fittings designed for these voltages are used.
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Ground_and_neutralhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Ground_and_neutralhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Ground_and_neutralhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Ground_and_neutralhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Ground_and_neutralhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Ground_and_neutralhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Isolated-phase_bushttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Isolated-phase_bushttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Isolated-phase_bushttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Platinghttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Platinghttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Contact_resistancehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Contact_resistancehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Extra_high_voltagehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Extra_high_voltagehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Extra_high_voltagehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Corona_dischargehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Corona_dischargehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Radio-frequency_interferencehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Radio-frequency_interferencehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Power_losshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Power_losshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Power_losshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Radio-frequency_interferencehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Corona_dischargehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Extra_high_voltagehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Extra_high_voltagehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Contact_resistancehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Platinghttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Isolated-phase_bushttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Ground_and_neutralhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Ground_and_neutral


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2.8 MANUAL CHANGE OVER SWITCH


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The Manual change over switch is wired into your Electrical Distribution Board in your home

or office allowing it to power particular appliances in your home or office by providing

power to specific circuits.

The manual change over switch can be used with the remote start button.

The Generator does however need time to get up to speed before the Manual Change Over

Switch can be placed on "Generator." The recommended time for this is 5 Seconds. Hence

when used in conjunction with a remote start button, the generator should be started whilst

the Manual Change Over Switch is in the "Off" position. Once started and run for the

recommended time the switch can be moved to "Generator" providing power to the relative

circuits which the generator has been wired up to provide power to.

The Following are the respective Model numbers associated with the Manual change over

switches and their capability of single or three phase power.

FIG: Change over switch


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CONCLUSION

The training at grid substation was very helpful. It has improved my theoretical

concepts of electrical power transmission and distribution. Protection of various apparatus

was a great thing. MCB,ACB,circuit breaker, isolator, insulator, bus bar etc was observable.

I had a chance to see the remote control of the equipments from control room itself,

which was very interesting.

So the training was more than hope to me and helped me to understand about power

system more.


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REFERENCES

A course on Power System : J. B. Gupta Utilization of power system : R.K Rajput

Manuals of Prateek Power Industries

www.rajenergy.com

http://www.wikipedia.org
http://www.rajenergy.com/http://www.rajenergy.com/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.rajenergy.com/

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