Pp t 0000041
Transcript of Pp t 0000041
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Nursing 292Review Trivia Game
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RulesO The class is divided into 2 teams
O A coin toss will determine which team gets to answer the first question.
O The facilitator will ask the class a question
O The teams will both be given an opportunity to discuss
for up to 30 seconds before answering.O One person will answer for the group. If correct, the
team earns 1 point. If not, the other team has anopportunity to steal the point by answering the questioncorrectly. If they are also unable to give a correctanswer, nobody earns the point.
O The second team then gets their own question toanswer. Questions will be alternated in this manner untilthe time has expired or all questions have beenanswered. The team with the most points at the end of the game wins.
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O
Define ethnocentrism.O Belief that your own way of life is superior
to other ways of life. Can be conscious or
unconscious.
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OWhat is the social learningtheory?
O To change behavior, utilize effective role
models who are perceived to be
rewarded, and work with the socialsituation and the learner’s internal self -
regulating mechanisms
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O
What is the psychodynamictheory?O To change behavior, work to make
unconscious motivations conscious, build
ego-strength, and resolve emotionalconflicts
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OName three non-traditionalteaching methods.
O Gaming
O Simulation
O Role-PlayingO Role-Modeling
O Self-Instruction Activities
O
Computer-Assisted InstructionO Distance Learning
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O
Who is the primaryaudience for an evaluation?O The person or group requesting the
evaluation.
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O
What effect does anxiety haveon learning?O Best time for teaching is during moderate
anxiety. Too high or low is a poor teaching
time.
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OWhat are the 5 types of
evaluations in the RSA Model?O Process
O Content
O OutcomeO Impact
O Total Program
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OWhat are the four types of
readiness to learn?P = Physical readiness
E = Emotional readiness
E = Experiential readiness
K = Knowledge readiness
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OWhat is the difference between
an evaluation and an
assessment?O Assessment: a process to gather,
summarize, interpret, and use data todecide a direction for action.
O Evaluation: a process to gather,
summarize, interpret, and use data to
determine the extent to which an actionwas successful.
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OWhat are four of Gardner’s 8
types of intelligence?O Linguistic, spatial, bodily kinesthetic,
interpersonal, musical, logical-
mathematical, intrapersonal.
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O What is the difference between
developmental age andchronological age?
O Chronological age is the person’s actual age.It is not a good predictor of learning ability.Developmental age refers to the person’s
level of physical, cognitive, and psychosocialdevelopment. At any given age, there can bea wide variation in physical, cognitive, andpsychosocial variables. Developmental stageacknowledges that human growth and
development are sequential, but not alwaysspecifically age-related.
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O
Define learning.O a change in behavior (knowledge, skills,
and attitudes) that can occur at any time
or in any place as a result of exposure to
environmental stimuli
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O What are four reasons for levels
of low literacy in this country?O A rise in the number of immigrants
O The aging of our population
O The increasing complexity of information
O The added number of people living in poverty
O Changes in policies and funding for public
education
O Disparity of opportunity between minority
versus non-minority populations
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OWhat is Pavlovian conditioning?O Learning occurs as the organism
responds to stimulus conditions and formsassociations. A neutral stimulus is pairedwith an unconditioned stimulus –unconditioned response connection untilthe neutral stimulus becomes aconditioned stimulus that elicits theconditioned response.
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O
What are the five main ethicalprinciples we are concerned
about in nursing?O Autonomy, veracity, nonmalefeacance,
confidentiality, beneficence.
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O
What are the two gender differences in brain structure?O Women have more neurons in the
temporal lob, responsible for
understanding language, melodies, andspeech tone and a larger corpus
callosum, which yields greater
communication between the two
hemispheres.
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OWhat agency defines thenurse’s scope of practice to
teach?O State Nurse Practice Acts- universally
includes teaching within the scope of
nursing practice (legally mandated- all
states identify education as a legal duty &
responsibility of a nurse)
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O What are two differences between
evaluation and evaluation research?Evaluation Evaluation Research
Audience specific to single
person, group, institution, or
location
Audience generic
Conducted to make decisions in
specific setting
Conducted to generate new
knowledge and/or expand
existing knowledge
Focused on needs of primary
audience
Focused on sample
representativeness,
generalizability of findings
Time constrained by urgency of
decisions to be made
Time constrained by study
funding
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OWhat are the differencesbetween barriers and obstacles
to education?O Barriers to education are those factors
impeding the nurse’s ability to optimally
deliver educational services. Obstacles to
learning are those factors that negatively
impact on the learner’s ability to attend to
and process information.
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O Compare/contrast the educationprocess with the nursing process.
Nursing Process Education Process
Appraise physical andpsychosocial needs of client Assess learning needs,readiness, and learning style
Care plan based on mutual
goals setting to meet
individual needs
Teaching plan based on
behavioral outcomes to meet
behavioral needs
Nursing care interventions
using standard procedures
Teaching using instructional
methods and tools
Determine physical and
psychosocial outcomes
Determine behavior changes in
knowledge, attitudes, and skills
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O
What is a motivationalaxiom? Name 2.O Motivational axioms are rules that set the
stage for motivation
1. Moderate anxiety is optimum for learning
2. Learner readiness
3. Setting realistic goals
4. Learner satisfaction/success
5. Uncertainty reduction or maintenance
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O Define functional illiteracy,illiteracy, and low literacy.
O Functional Illiteracy: the inability of adults toread, write, and comprehend informationbelow the 5th-grade level of difficulty in order to use information as it is intended for
effective functioning in today’s society. O Illiteracy: the total inability of adults to read,
write, and comprehend information
O Low Literacy: the ability of adults to read,write, and comprehend information betweenthe 5th- to 8th-grade level of difficulty. Alsosynonymous with the terms marginally literate or marginally illiterate.
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O
Define motivation to learn.O Motivation to learn is a willingness on the
part of the learner to embrace learning,
with readiness to learn as evidence of
motivation.
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O
What are the 6 culturalphenomena?O Communication
O Personal space
O Social organization
O Time
O Environmental control
O Biological variations
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OWhat are the goals of nurses aseducators?
O to increase the competence and
confidence of patients to manage their
own self-care and of staff to deliver high-quality care
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OWhat is the difference betweendeontological and teleological
ethical decision making?O Deontological-respect for individual rights.
Teleological-greatest good for the greatestnumber.
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O What are five signs of illiteracy we canassess for?
O reacting to complex learning situations by withdrawal or avoidance
O using the excuse of being too busy, not interested, too tired, or not feeling well enough to read instructional materials
O claiming they lost, forgot, or broke their glassesO surrounding themselves with books, magazines, and
newspapers to give the impression that they are able to readO insisting on reading the information at home or with a spouse or
friend presentO asking someone to read information for themO becoming nervous when asked to readO acting confused or talking out of context about the topic of
conversation
O showing signs of frustration when attempting to read
O
having difficulty following directionsO listening and watching attentively to try to memorize information
O failing to ask questions
O revealing a discrepancy between what they hear and what iswritten
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O How is malpractice different from
negligence?O Negligence: the doing or nondoing of an act,
pursuant to a duty, that a reasonable person
in the same circumstances would or would not
do, with these actions or nonactions leading toinjury of another person or his/her property.
Malpractice: refers to a limited class of
negligent activities that fall within the scope of
performance by those pursuing a particular
profession involving highly skilled andtechnical services.
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OWhat are the five perspectivesof cognitive theory?
O Gestalt Perspective, Information-
Processing Perspective, CognitiveDevelopment Perspective, Social
Constructivist Perspective, Social
Cognition Perspective
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OName 2 reasons why we
involve family in patienteducation.
O Family is the most important variableinfluencing patient outcomes.
O JCAHO accreditation standards warrant familyparticipation.
O It is important to choose the most appropriatecaregiver to receive information. Dependingon developmental stage, the patient may notbe able to understand information.
O Culturally competent nursing requires us toconsider the patient’s preferences regardinginvolving family in decision-making and care.
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OWhat are four factors that can
facilitate, shape, or blockmotivation to learn?
O Cognitive variables: capacity to learn, ready tolearn, self determined, constructive attitude
O Affective variables: expressed constructive
emotional stateO Physiological variables: capacity to perform
required behavior
O Experiential variables: previous successes
O Environmental variables: appropriate environment,strong support
O Educator –learner relationship system: predictspositive relationship
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OWhat two factors do most
readability formulas look at?O Formulas evaluate readability levels
using the average length of
sentences and the number of multisyllabic words in a passage.
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O Name 4 teaching strategies aimed atincreasing motivation and compliancein low literacy groups.
O Establish a trusting relationship.
O Use the smallest amount of information to achievebehavioral objectives.
O Make points of information vivid and explicit.O Teach one step at a time.O Give learners the chance to restate information in
their own words and to demonstrate procedures.O Keep motivation high by using praise and rewards.O Build in coordination of information and procedures
by using techniques of tailoring and cuing.O Use repetition to reinforce information.
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O Name 3 modes of communication
that Deaf clients rely on?O American Sign Language (ASL)- most common
O lip reading- most common along with ASL
O
written materials- most reliable way to communicatecritical information
O verbalization by client- listen without interruptions
O sound augmentation- hearing aides, stethoscope in reverse
O telecommunication devices for the deaf (TDD)television decoders for closed caption
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OWhat is the poverty circle?O Low education level results in occupations
with lower levels of pay, prestige, and
intellectual demand; families living at this
level become part of the cycle that does
not allow one to easily change a pattern of life.
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OWhat are two categories of disabilities?
O Developmental or acquired. Also will
accept cognitive, physical, or sensory ORphysical and mental.
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OWhat are two types of eye
diseases result in blindness or loss of peripheral vision?
O macular degeneration- decrease central vision
O
Cataracts-hazy vision overall
O Glaucoma- loss of peripheral vision
O diabetic retinopathy- produces blinding areas
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OWhat are the characteristics of
goals and objectives?
Goals Objectives
global specificbroad singular
long-term short-term
multi-dimensional
unidimensional
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O Describe three different types of communication disorders that involve speechand at least one teaching strategy for each.
O Dysarthria & Expressive aphasiaO Allow person time to respond.
O Ask questions that need only short replies
O Use alternative methods of communication.
O Do not simplify message because the client’scomprehension is not affected.
O Receptive aphasiaO Speak slowly using a normal tone and short
sentences.
O Have only one person speak at a time.
O Stand where the client can see your face Checkto be sure each message is understood
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OWhat are two purposes of
writing clear and concisebehavioral objectives?
O Provides basis for selection and design of instructional content, methods, andmaterials.
O Provides learner with means to organizeefforts toward accomplishing objectives.
O Allows for determination as to the extent
that objectives have been accomplished.
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O What 4 items should be included
in a well-written behavioralobjective?
1. Performance—describes what the learner is expected to be able to do
2. Condition—describes the situation under which behavior will be observed
3. Criterion—describes how well or with whataccuracy the learner must be able to perform
4. Learner - describes who is being taught
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O What are five guidelines for printed materials?O Accurate, up-to-date content
O Logical organization of content—need to know prioritiesO Discuss ―what,‖ ―how,‖ ―when‖ succinctly, and Follow the KISS
rule.
O Avoid medical jargon. Define in lay terms.
O Write two to four grades below average grade level completedby target audience.
O Use adequate spacing.O Keep words and sentences short. Use conversational style. Use
active voice.
O Use second person ―you.‖
O Most important information goes first.
O Do not use all-capital letters.
O Use advance organizers.O Emphasize key points with end review.
*Consider:Nature of the audienceLiteracy level requiredLinguistic variety
availableBrevity and clarityLayout and appearanceOpportunity for repetitionConcreteness andfamiliarity
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OWhat five criteria would you use
to evaluate health information
sites on the world wide web?O Accuracy
O DesignO Authors/Sponsors
O Currency
O Authority
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OName 5 of the 7 points within
the e-Health Code of Ethics?O Candor
O Honesty
O Quality
O Informed Consent
O Privacy
O Professionalism
O Responsible partneringO Accountability
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ODefine instructionalmaterials.
O Resources and tools used as
vehicles to stimulate the learner’ssenses
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OWhat is the Digital divide?O The gap between those individuals who
have access to information technology
resources and those who do not
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OName three traditional
teaching methods.O Lecture
O Group Discussion
O One-to-One Instruction
O Demonstration
O Return Demonstration
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OWhat is the first step in
planning an evaluation?O Determine the focus of the evaluation.
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O Name each of the 3 learning
domains and one teaching method
most suited to each domain.O Cognitive-Lecture, one-to-one instruction,
computer-assisted instruction
O Affective-group discussion, role-playing, role-
modeling, simulation gaming, questioning
O Psychomotor-demonstration, return
demonstration, simulation, gaming, self-
instruction
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O
Describe two differenttypes of feedback.O Intrinsic feedback- generated from
within self
O Augmented feedback- provided bythe teacher; share with learners anopinion or conveying a messagethrough body language
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O
In what two cases would onedo a pilot test?O In large scale, resource intensive or
expensive evaluations (outcomes, impact,
and total program) to assess feasibility of conducting the full evaluation as planned.
O Must conduct when a new instrument is
used for data collection purposes to
assess reliability, validity of instruments.
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OWhat are operational
definitions?O Definition of terms to be used within an
evaluation, completed before data
collection begins. Specific to the study
being conducted.O Ex: For the purposes of this study, we will
define medication compliance as filling
100% of newly prescribed medications
within 24 hours after hospital discharge.