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WATER POLUTION

AND ITS SOLTIONBY

S. AKSHAYA

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INTRODUCTION:-

Over two third of earths surface is covered by

water; less then a third is taken up by land

As earths population continues to row!

people are puttin ever"increasin pressure on

the planets water resources.

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#n a sense! oceans! rivers and other inland

waters are bein $s%uee&ed' by hu(an

activities

)e know that pollution is a hu(an proble(

because it is recently developed proble( in

planet history

Accordin to the environ(ent ca(pin

orani&ation ))*+

pollution fro( to,ic

che(icals threatens life on this planet. -very

ocean

And every continent! fro( the tropics to the

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Once"pristine polar reions ! is conta(inated'

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Before the /th century industrial revolution!

people lived (ore in har(ony with their

i((ediate environ(ent

As industriali&ation has spread around the lobe !

so the proble( of pollution has spread with it

)hen earthd population was (uch s(aller! no

one believed pollution would ever present a

serious probler(

#t was once popularly believed that the oceans

were far too bi to pollute

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WHAT IS WATER POLLUTION?

)ater pollution can be defined in (any

ways. 0sually! it (eans one or (oresubstances have built up in water to such

an e,tent that they cause proble(s for

ani(als or people

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ocean ! lakes ! river and other inland water cannaturally clean up certain a(ount of pollution by

dispersin it har(lessly.

*O1 -2A345-+"

if you pored a cup of black ink in toa river the ink would %uickly disappear into the

rivers (uch larer volu(e of clean water .the ink

would still be there in the river! but such a low

concentration that you would not be able to see

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WHAT ARE THE MAIN TYPES OF WATER

POLLUTION ?

)hen we think of earths water resources! we

think of hue oceans! lakes and rivers. )ater

resources like these are called surface water

6he (ost obvious type of water polutionaffects surface water.

-,a(ple+

A spill fro( an oil tanker creates an

oil slick that can affect a vast area of the ocean

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7ot all of earths water sits on it surface!

however. A reat deal of water is held in

underround rock structures known as a%uifers

6hey too can beco(e polluted !for e,a(ple!

when weed killers used in peoples rounds

drain into the round

8roundwater pollution is (uch less obviousthen

surface water !but ti is no less of proble(

#n //9 a study in lowa in the united states

thatover half the stats roundwater wells were

conta(inated with weed killers

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6here are two different ways in which pollution

can occur . Such as a dischare pip attached to a

factory! it is known as point"source pollution

Other e,a(ples of point"source pollution include

an oil spill fro( a tanker! a dischare fro( a

s(oke stack! or so(eone pourin oil fro( their

car down a drain. A reat deal of source but fro(

(any different scattered sources. 6his is called

nonpoint"source pollution.

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CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION

:he(ical waste+"

eterents are

relatively (ild substances. At the

opposite end of spectru( are hihlyto,ic che(ical such as 4:Bs

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)aste water+"

*actories are point

sources of water pollution! but %uite a

lot of water is polluted by ordinarypeople fro( nonpoint sources; this is

how ordinary waste beco(e waste water

in the first place. >irtually everyonepours che(icals of one short or another

down their drains or toilets . even

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deterents used in washin (achines and

dishwashers eventually end up in our river and

oceans. So do the pesticides we use on ourardens.

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4lastics+" #f youve taken part in a co((unitybeach clean! youll know that plastic is far and

away the (ost co((on substance that washes upwith the waves. 6here are three reasons for this+

plastic is one of the (ost co((on (aterials! used

for (akin virtually every kind of (anufactured

ob?ect fro( clothin to auto(obile parts

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4lastic is liht and floats easily so it can travel

enor(ous distances across the oceans

3ost plastics are not bioderadable which (eans

that thins like plastic bottle can survive in the

(arine environ(ent for a lon ti(e.

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)hile plastic are not to,ic in %uite the sa(e way

as poisonous che(icals! they nevertheless

present a (a?or ha&ard to seabirds! fish! and

other (arine creatures. *or e,a(ple! plastic

fisher lines and other debris can stranle orchokes fish.

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WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF

WATER POLLUTION?

4ollution is an inescapable result of hu(an activity

; if we want to have factories ! cities ! ships !

cars ! oil ! and coastal resorts! so(e deree of

pollution is al(ost certain to result.

#n other words ! pollution is a necessary evil thatpeople (ust put up with if they want to (ake

proress

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Sewae is ood e,a(ple of how pollution can

affect us all. Sewae dischared into coastal

waters can wash up on beaches and cause a healthha&ard. 4eople who bathe or surf in the water can

fall ill if they swallow polluted water C yet sewae

can have other har(ful effects too+ it can poison

shellfish

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4ollution (atters because it har(s the

environ(ent on which people depend. 6he

environ(ent is not so(ethin distant and separate

fro( out lives. #ts not a pretty shoreline hundreds

of (iles fro( our ho(es or a wilderness landscape

that we see only on 6>. 6he environ(ent is

everythin that surrounds us that ives us life and

health. estroyin the environ(ent utlti(atelyreduces the %uality of our own lives C and that!

(ost selfishly! is why pollution should (atter to all

of us.

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3akin people aware of the proble( is the first step to

solvin it. #n the early //s! when surfers in Britain rew

tired of catchin illnesses fro( water polluted with

sewae! they for(ed a roup called Surfers Aainst

Sewae to force overn(ents and water co(panies to

clean up their act. 4eople whove rown tired of walkin

the worlds polluted beaches often band toether to

orani&e co((unity beach"cleanin sessions. Anlers who

no loner catch so (any fish have co(pained for touher

penalties aainst factories that pour pollution (any fish

have ca(pained for touher penalties aainst factoriesthat pour pollution into out rivers. 8reater public

awareness can (ake a positive difference.

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5aws+"

One of the biest proble(s with water

pollution is its transboundary nature. 3any rivers

cross countries! while seas span whole continents.4ollution dischared by factories in one country

with poor environ(ental standards can cause

proble(s in neihborin nations! even when they

have touher laws and hiher standards.

-nviron(ental laws can (ake it touher for peopleto pollute! but to be really effective they have to

operate across national and international borders.

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-cono(ics+"

3ost environ(ental e,perts aree that the best

way to tackle pollution is throuh so(ethin called

the polluter pays principle. 6his (eans that whoever

causes pollution should have to pay to clean it up!

one way or another. 4olluter pays to clean it up! one

way or another. 4olluter pays can operate in all kinds

of ways. #n could (ean that tanker owners should

have to take out insurance that covers the cost of oilspill cleanups! for e,a(ple. #t could also (ean that

shoppers should have to pay for their plastic rocery

bas! as is now co((on in lreland! to encourae

recyclin and (ini(i&e waste

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Or it could (ean that factories that use rivers (ust

have their water inlet pipes downstrea( of their

effluent outflow pipes! so if they cause pollution they

the(selves are the first people to suffer.0lti(ately! thepolluter pays principle is desined to deter people fro(

pollutin by (akin it less e,pensive for the( to

behave 0lti(ately! the polluter pays principle is

desined to deter people fro( pollutin by (akin it

less e,pensive for the( to behave in anenviron(entally responsible way.

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TheEnd