AKHIL.D.SS1 MBA

C.H.M.M COLLEGECHAVARCODE,VARKALA

Power may be defined as the capacity to excertinfluence over others

The capacity that A has to influence the behavior of B so that B acts in accordance with A’s wishes

Function of dependence

D.S

LEADERSHIP

Focuses on goal achievement

Requires goal compatibility with followers

Focuses influence downward

POWER

Used as a means for achieving goals

Requires follower dependency

Used to gain lateral and upward influence

D.S

Formal Power

Is established by an individual’s position in an organization; conveys the ability to coerce or reward, from formal authority, or from control of information

Coercive PowerA power base dependent on fear

D.S

Reward PowerCompliance achieved based on the ability to distribute rewards that others view as valuable

Legitimate Power

The power a person receives as a result of his or her position in the formal hierarchy of an organization

D.S

Personal Power

Expert Power

Influence based on special skills or knowledge

Referent Power

Influence based on possession by an individual of desirable resources or personal traits

D.S

The freedom and the ability of employees to make decisions and commitments.

Managers disagree over definition of empowerment.

D.S

There must be a clear definition of the values and mission of the company.

Company must help employees acquire the relevant skills.

Employees need to be supported in their decision making, and not criticized when they try to do something extraordinary.

Employees need to be recognized for their efforts.

D.S

The General Dependency Postulate

The greater B’s dependency on A, the greater the

power A has over B

Possession/control of scarce organizational

resources that others need makes a manager

powerful

Access to optional resources (e.g., multiple

suppliers) reduces the resource holder’s power

D.S

What Creates Dependency Importance

The things you control must be important. Scarcity

A resource must be perceived as scarce. Nonsubstitutability

The resource cannot be substituted with something else.

D.S

D.S

Power TacticsWays in which individuals translate power bases into specific actions

Influence Tactics

• Legitimacy

• Rational persuasion

• Inspirational appeals

• Consultation

• Exchange

• Personal appeals

• Ingratiation

• Pressure

• Coalitions

D.S

• Legitimacy :Relaying on your authority position or saying a request accords with organizational policies or rules

• Rational persuasion : Presenting logical arguments and factual evidence to demonstrate a request is reasonable

• Inspirational appeals : Developing emotional commitment by appealing to a target’s values, needs,hopes and aspiration

• Consultation :Increase in taget support by involving him/her in deciding how you will accomplish your plan

D.S

• Exchange :Rewarding the target with benefits or favors in exchange for following a request

• Personal appeals : Asking for compliance based on the friendship or loyalty

• Ingratiation : : using flattery , praise, or friendly behavior prior to making a request

• Presure : Using warnings , repeated demands and threats

• Coalitions : : Enlisting the aid or support of others to persuade the target to agree

D.S

UPWARD INFLUENCE DOWNWARD INFLUENCE LATERAL INFLUENCE

Rational persuasion Rational persuasion Rational persuasion

Inspirational appeals Consultation

Pressure Ingratiation

Consultation Exchange

Ingratiation Legitimacy

Exchange Personal appeals

Legitimacy Coalitions

D.S

Sexual Harassment

Unwelcome advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature

Act, 2013 ("Sexual Harassment Act") has been made effective on April 23, 2013 by way of publication in the Gazette of India.

Make sure a policy against it is in place.

Ensure that employees will not encounter retaliation if they file a complaint.

Investigate every complaint and include the human resource and legal departments.

Make sure offenders are disciplined or terminated.

Set up in-house seminars and training.

D.S

D.SD.S

D.S

D.S