Political, Economic, & Social Conflictsimages.pcmac.org/SiSFiles/Schools/GA/BenHillCounty... · the...

Independence of

© 2014 Brain Wrinkles

Political, Economic, & Social

Conflicts

Standards

SS7CG2 The student will explain the structures of the

modern governments of Africa.

b. Explain how political, economic, and social conflicts

resulted in the independence of South Sudan.


Co

lon

izatio

n

•______________________

estab

lished

colo

nia

l rule o

f th

e regio

n (S

ud

an

) in th

e 19

th

centu

ry.

•In

______________, th

e British

div

ided

the reg

ion

into

two

territories: th

e Ara

bic-

spea

kin

g M

uslim

no

rth, a

nd

the m

ostly

En

glish

-spea

kin

g C

hristia

n a

nd

An

imist so

uth

.

On

e Na

tion

•In

the 1

94

0s, G

reat B

ritain

merg

ed th

e two

area

s togeth

er to b

e on

e natio

n w

ith a

______________________ gov

ernm

ent a

nd

___________________a

s the o

fficial

lan

gu

age.

•T

he S

ou

th felt d

iscrimin

ated

ag

ain

st beca

use th

e gov

ernm

ent w

as b

ased

in th

e

No

rthern

city o

f ______________________

.

Ind

epen

den

ce

•In

_____,

Su

da

n g

ain

ed its

______________________ from

Grea

t Brita

in, b

ut th

ere wa

s

still a lo

t of ten

sion

betw

een th

e no

rth a

nd

sou

th.

1stC

ivil W

ar

•T

he first o

f S

ud

an

’s two

civil w

ars b

rok

e ou

t in 1

95

5 a

nd

lasted

un

til _____.

•T

he tw

o sid

es fina

lly settled

on

a ______________________ th

at la

sted fo

r 10

yea

rs.

Islam

ic Law

•F

igh

ting

beg

an

ag

ain

wh

en th

e no

rthern

gov

ernm

ent esta

blish

ed

______________________ th

rou

gh

ou

t the co

un

try.

•______________________ a

t attem

pts to

imp

ose Isla

mic law

on

the w

ho

le cou

ntry.

•D

ictato

r Om

ar ______________________ seized

pow

er in 1

98

9 a

nd

con

tinu

ed to

imp

ose

rad

ical Isla

mic law

.

•2

0+

yea

rs of fig

htin

g h

ave led

to th

e disp

lacem

ent o

f ov

er ______________________ a

nd

the d

eath

s of ______________________

.

Secessio

n

•In

20

05

, the n

orth

ern a

nd

sou

thern

pa

rts of S

ud

an

sign

ed a

______________.

•In

Ja

nu

ary

20

11

, nea

rly _______

of S

ou

th S

ud

an

ese vo

ters called

for in

dep

end

ence.

•S

ou

th S

ud

an

beca

me a

n in

dep

end

ent co

un

try o

n ______________________

.

•S

alv

a K

iir ______________________, th

e first Presid

ent o

f S

ou

th S

ud

an

.

Oil C

on

trol

•M

ost o

f th

e ______________________ are in

So

uth

Su

da

n, b

ut th

e facto

ries,

______________________, sh

ipp

ing

po

rts, etc., are in

Su

da

n.

•T

he reg

ion

exp

orts b

illion

s of d

olla

rs of o

il per y

ear. S

ou

thern

states p

rod

uce m

ore th

an

_______o

f it, b

ut receiv

e on

ly ______________________

, cau

sing

tensio

ns b

etween

the

two

cou

ntries.

•N

ego

tiatin

g a

dea

l is critical to

bo

th co

un

tries’ _____________in

the fu

ture.

So

uth

Su

da

nese W

ar

•In

__________________, a

po

litical p

ow

er strug

gle b

rok

e ou

t betw

een P

residen

t Kiir

an

d h

is ex-d

epu

ty R

iek M

ach

ar.

•T

his h

as ca

used

a civ

il wa

r betw

een th

e ma

jor ______________________ w

ithin

the

cou

ntry.

© 2

01

4 B

rain

Wrin

kles


Sudan

Before 2011

• Great Britain established colonial rule of the

region (Sudan) in the 19th century.

• In 1924, the British divided the region into two

territories: the Arabic-speaking Muslim north,

and the mostly English-speaking Christian and

Animist south.



The northern region is

home to mainly Arab-

speaking Muslims. But

in the southern region,

there is no dominate

culture. The Dinka and

Nuer are the largest of

nearly 200 ethnic

groups.

• In the 1940s, Great Britain merged the two areas

together to be one nation with a northern

government and Arabic as the official language.

• Southern Sudan was shut out of the new

government.



The South felt

discriminated

against because the

government

was based in the

Northern city

of Khartoum.


Khartoum

• In 1956, Sudan gained its independence from

Great Britain, but there was still a lot of tension

between the north and south.

• South Sudanese were not happy with northern

rule.



Sudan’s flag

raised at its

independence

ceremony in

1956.

• The first of Sudan’s two civil wars broke out in

1955 and lasted until 1972.

• The two sides finally settled on a peace agreement

that lasted for 10 years.


• Fighting began again when the northern

government established Islamic law throughout

the country.

• Southerners were angered at attempts to impose

Islamic law on the whole country.


• Civil war had been going on between the North

and South for most of Sudan’s history.

• Dictator Omar al-Bashir seized power in 1989 and

continued to impose radical Islamic law.



20+ years of

fighting have led

to the

displacement of

over 4 million

people and the

deaths of 1.5

million.

• In 2005, the northern and southern parts of

Sudan signed a peace accord.

• This allowed the South to rule itself for six years

and then vote in a referendum for independence.

• In January 2011, nearly 99% of South Sudanese

voters called for independence.



South Sudan

became an

independent

country on July

9, 2011.


Salva Kiir Mayardit, the

first President of South

Sudan.

(His trademark hat was a gift

from former US President

George W. Bush.)

• Unfortunately, there are still problems between

the two countries.

• Sudan and South Sudan are tied economically by

oil.

• Most of the oil reserves are in South Sudan, but

the factories, pipelines, shipping ports, etc., are

in Sudan.



The region exports billions of

dollars of oil per year.

Southern states produce more

than 80% of it, but receive

only 50% of the profits,

causing tensions between the

two countries.

• Both countries continue to disagree on how to

divide oil wealth and settling border disputes.

• Negotiating a deal is critical to both countries’

peace in the future.


• In December 2013, a political power struggle broke out between

President Kiir and his ex-deputy Riek Machar.

• This has caused a civil war between the major ethnic groups

within the country.

• Up to 10,000 people are estimated to have been killed.

• More than 800,000 people have been displaced inside South

Sudan and more than 250,000 people have fled to neighboring

countries as a result of the conflict.



Displaced people who

have fled the recent

fighting in South

Sudan.

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