---- --- -

POINT SOURCE MODEL EVALUATION AND DEVELOPMENT

t STUDYI I rmiddotmiddot

Appendix C - User Guide to IMPACT

prepared by

Allan Fabrick Ralph Sklarew

Jim Taft John Wilson

Contract AS-058087

for the

California Air Resources Board and the

California Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission

~~~iNIA AIRRESOURCES 80 p o _Box 2815 aampalZSacramento CA w --~

- - - -

- -

- -middot middot- - middotmiddotmiddot-

LIBRARY ESB01CALIFORNIA AIR RESOUR p o Box2815 s~ciamento CA 95812

USER GUIDE TO IMPACT

INTEGRATED MODEL FOR PLUMES AND ATMOSPHERICS IN COMPLEX TERRAIN

APPENDIX C

Allan Fabrick Ralph Sklarew

Jim Taft John Wilson

March 1977

---------pound--

1 INTRODUCTION

The _Integrated odel for Ilumes c1nd ~tmospherics in

Qomplex _errain (IMPACT) is the computer code for a three-dimenshy

sional grid model for calculating the impact of pollutants either

inert or reactive in simple or complex terrain emitted from

either point or area sources As such it is one of the most

comprehensive air pollution model yet developed It automatically

treats single or multiple point or area sources the effects of

arbitrary vertical temperature stratifications (rrmiddot1ltiple inver-

sions) on the wind and diffusion fields shear flows caused by

the atmospheric boundary layer or by terrain effects and chemical

transformations (such as those creating photochemical smog)

The code was written in modular format such that the inshy

corporation of new or alternative formulations for plume rise

winds diffusion advection and chemistry is particularly straightshy

forward with minimal chanpes required in the existing program A

macro-flow diagram of IMPACT is shown in Figure 1 The shaded boxes

represent the five modules that are ti1e major components of IMPACT

the rest of thi code is concerned with program control and input

and output functions

The next section of this user guirle contains a description

of the various components ofmiddotthe IMPACT code These descriptions

may contain flow diagrams inputcutout variables equations and

graphs as required to descrihe the routines Section 3 presents

a discussion of the various options available in the code includshy

ing selection of chemistries diffusion models averqging duration

and output plots and edits Also included in this section is a

discussion of the limitations on problem size data input etc

A detaled discussion of the input data and source file structure

for IMPACT i~ presented in section 4 Also included is a discusshy

sion on how to modify the common storage block for different size

problems Section 5 provides helpful caveats for IMPACT usuage

A sample run concludes the document

C-1

_____ _

0 I

N a 0 c a w gt 0 0 g

READ TITLE OPERATING PARAMETERS OPTION DATA itlLRFACE ROUGHNESS DATA ldegrERRAIN HEIGHTS

PRINT TITLE OPERA TING PARAMETERS OPTION DATA SURFACE ROUGHNESS DATA

CONTOUR AND PRINT SURFACE ROUGHNESS TERRAIN HEIGHTS

READ CONTROL DATA twtND DATA lTABILITY DATA ~ACKGROUIJD CONCENTRATION DATA AREA SOURCE DATA tPOINT SOURCE DAT A

WRITE CONTROL OATA WIND DATA STABILITY DATA BACKGROUND CONCENTRATION AREA SOURCE DATA POINT SOURCE DATA

l CALCULATE w1rm FIELD

WIND FIELD CALCULATION ONLY

YES NO

L__

~~ ~

WIND FIELD

MODULE

(

~

diams CALCULATE DIFrUSION FIELD---- DIFFUSIVITY

~ FIELD MODULE

I CALCULATE POINT SOURCE PLUME RISE

l 13RIOG1 lt4 SOURCE TERM tVA ~ MODULESMCWlll) iSUCI lEXCHl

ADVECTIOi MODULECALCULATE POLLUTANT

POLLUT TRANSPORT AND CHEMISTRY

CALCULATE TIME STEP CALCULATE BACKGROUND (

~1 + ftNPUT SOURCE EMISSIONS _

LTRANSPORT POLLUANTS -]ti diams w

CHEMISTRY- a w gt NO YES

middotCt~M 0 - middotC1gtI 6

ol iuPDATE HOUR AVERAGE 0

(jt(t ~ ~~-

llt4lLCONCENTRATIONS

-+ CONTOUR AND PRINT (WIND FIELD - u v w ~ DIFFUSIONFIELO- KK ~~_J CHEMISTRYcoNCENTRATION FltLD

MODULES SURFACE WIN[) FIELD - u v w

rdegsURFACE CONCENTRATION FIELD ~ rsuRFACE HOUR AVERAGE ~L~l CONCENTRATION FIELD

NOTE PARE-lTHESES INDICATE OPrlONS NOT CURRENTLY AVhlLgtB~E

Figure 1 Macro-Flow Diagram of IMPACT

IMPACT is written in FORTRAN IV and should be transfershy

able to any computer system supporting a middotFORTRAN IV compiler It

is currently running on IBM 370108 and DEC-10 systems

C-3

2 PROGRAM ROUTINES

The IMPACT code is designed to solve the follouing conshy

servation of mass equation

ac auc- ave awC1middot1 - 1 - l -

at = ~ cly az

advection

diffusion

+ a c + s middot1cclJ J lJ ( 1 J

source term chemistry

where

c = the concentration of the i th pollution speciesl

uvw = the three-dimensional flow field vectors

KxKyKz = the three-dimensional eddy diffusivity

Smiddotl = the source term for the i th pollutant species

aS the chemical rate constants for the first and

second order chemical reactions

A flow diazram by subroutine for the IMPACT code is

shown in Figure 2 The shaded subroutines represent the major comshy

ponents of the code the remainder of routines direct program flow

and process input and output data A brief definition and a desshy

cription of the inputs and outputs for each subroutine in IMPACT

is listed in Table 1 A description of the program common block

the five major subroutines and the inputoutput routines conclude

this section

C-4

ENTEH

READEM

()

~ 0 r 0 (L

gt0

p 0 0i

DEFINE

bullbullbullbullmiddotbullbulliitrFUS

CONTUH

SUMMARY

PEIN IT

METSOn

bull

~iIJf1Eit)

POLLUT

OUTPUT CONTUR

PRINIT FINISH

STOP

Figure 2 IMPACT Flow Chart

C-5

Table 1 Description of Impact Subroutines

SUBROUUNE DESCRIPTION INPUTS OL~PJ7S

READEM

DEFINE

SUliIIARY

c-i I

deg

CQNTUR

PRINTIT

ViETSOR

MARIAH

DI ~-US

PLUMER

READ SPAE TIME INDEPENDE~T QUANTITIES OPTION ETC

ESTA3LISH USEFUL INVARIANT QUANTITIES FOR LATER PROGRAM EFFICIENCY

PRINT A SUMMARY OF TEE INITIAL STATE OF THE SYSTEM READ TERRAIN AND SURFACE ROJG-NESS DATA

PRIN CONTOUR PLOTS FROM ANY UBMTTED 2-D OR 3-D A~RA

PRINTS THE FIELD ARRAYS TO THE FIRST TWO SIGNIFICANT DIGITS FRO~ ANY SUS~ITTED 2-D OR 3-D ARRAY

HOURLY READS THE METEOROLOGIshyCAL SOURCE AND BACKGROUND DATA PRINTS SUM~ARY OP IJPUT DflTA 2~VERTS INPUT E~SSIONS ~RO~ GSEC TO SEC

CONTAI~S THE S~BROGRAM ~ES~ INTERPOLA7ES WIND STAcILIT DATA CREATES DIERGENCE-REE WIND fltISLD CJNSSTE~T ~TH WIND DATA STAB=LTY D~A amp ~RRAIN

CREATS2 A JIPUS[VITY FIELD BAS2D ON EITiER THE MR OR DEICT MODE_s

DEIERrnss E OINT SOJRCE PLJ~E RISS BASED ON 3RIGGS OR TVA ~CDELS 0 ~ jf middot_~ =--~SC L ~ J DAi

NONE

GRID SIZE CELL SIZE ElC

TERRAIN DATA SURPACE ROUGHNESS DATA PROGRAM INVARIANTS

ANY -DOR 3-D ARRAY

ANY 2-D or 3-D ARRAY

WIND Sh3I~TY POI~1~ ~OJCE AREA SCURCI BACKGROuilD DATA

WIND AND STAHLTY DATA TERRAI~ DATA

WIND AND STABIL=~v PIELDS TERRAIN A~ SURPACE ROUGHNES~ DATA

WIND AND STA~LY F~EJos ~EP~t POTN7 ~O~PC~ 2A~A

Gf~lC s~z~ CP~C~S ETC

1Ax lAx2 etc

INTERGERIZED TERRA~ ARRAY INT2ROLATED S~RFACE ROCGHNESS ARRAY FRINTS AND EDTS OF INi7IAL DATA

-middotmiddot~1middot-R Forrs

PE~H =~ur-=-2

~ 5c~middotc~ A2 3~~J~~~ t7A

--~~ middot=gt __~ s---i3=~-- ~A3

=-= middot ~-r---middot ~~s

is~~middot o~ ~-~ c= z--- middotmiddotmiddoto

i

I i I I I I i

I

I

I

I

i __j

Table 1 Description of Impact Subroutines (Continued)

3lJBR0iJ7lU~ DESCRITION IWJTS OUTUTS

() I

1

~CLLj7

AD

=~- 3

SiE6

~~E~l5

cr~pr_ir

=~ ~

CALCULATES OLLU~ANT 7RA~SORT DIFFUSION S0UCSS AND CHE~STRY CA~S~~A7ES AVERAGE SURFACE J~C~~EA~X

JDAE2 POL~U7Al~T CONC2Nshyt-=-0 D7JS T-- AJVEClO~~ J-i-J Umiddot~j~Qi middot--~ A ~r_~middot~~middot-(1RD2i CRC~~r_middotmiddot ~~ J ~ ~~middot~ ~__ 2 P 12 C middot

cr=r~_middotp_~~ ~~~ 3C2 - middot-~4-=p_~=J~-~_r -li- f ~c~-J - c J~L

~s~~ES ~~pound ~~s ~078CH~~=cA~ ~r~- ~=~G 5 JC~E ~~s~--____ _ - )-~

_~~=-~ ~- r~-r----~~=--middot~=middot ~--=~=c~~-=cA su=- __ J

-~ ~C7VE SECES

z~J _c~3 r s_middotbullViAEi J middotis -~~_J _2_famiddot2 --OJR A~JJ~ P~~~R ~275 ~5 ~ECEJ - --~ ~~~ c~~0~ J~~

WIND AND DIfSIVITY FIELDS EMISSIONS 3ACKGROUND CONCENTRAshyT~CKS Pos~=o~ 8 E~~VA7ED L~XES

~~ =~SlV~~~ c8 SJ~ c~--=- _ ~-= -middot ~_o

Cmiddot~=_middot_middot~gt-- middot~-~-=--~c(2 ~~z~s r i

SJ~SCES

C~i middot_middotr _t_~-_ _ - _-A- ~=bull~ _middot_bullr-r~bull

~rbullbull= -

_ ~- - r - - -~ middot- - - - - -

i~middot-2 x -__

-~-~--~ --

~-- =~ J~ y - -~ J-= -middot-middotmiddot_middot _ =-=-~ ~~ -3 = ~ ~middot =middot=middot -~ --middot~ -=-= ~gt

~-~~

POLLUTANT CDNCEKTR~IO~S IN TIME AND SPACE

~PDA~2J POLLUTA~T CCNCEN~RA7IDN FIELD

~~~~SJ PCLL~TA~T J~cs~RA~IQ~S

~FDA~~D S~~~A~~ cs c --1~= 0~s

JA~~J ~LC~h~T 22~CEX~RA~o~3

---3 A~- c-=r~-_1~3 shymiddot~_ R_ -

~i~S ~C ~~ 0A~ middot---~ middot-=

21 COMMON

There are three blocks of common data used in IMPACT

The first block SCALER contains all the scaler quantities

shared between subroutines The second block ONETWO contains

all the one and two-dimensional arrays that remain invarient from

problem to problem These common blocks are found in all subshy

routines except ADH CHEM3 CHEM6 CHEM15 and FINISH The

third common stock TREFOR contains the two t11ree and fourshy

dimensionalmiddot arrays that may change size from problem to problem

Rather than include this common stock in every subroutine the

common appears only in the main program and is passed to other

subroutines via the subroutine call statement Thus the user

can vary the size of the problem with a minirnum of effort (See

section 41 for a discussion on modifing the TREFOR common

block)

A glossary of common variables is given in Table 2

C-8

Table 2 Definition 6f Variables Used in COMMON

COMMONSCALAR

DX = cell size x-direction DY = cell size y-direction DZ = cell size z-direction NX = number of cells x-direction NY = number of cells y-direction NZ= number of cells z-direction NXPl = NX+l NYPl = NY+l NZPl = NZ+l NXMl = NX-1 NYMl = NY-1 NZMl = NZ-1 NUMEWD = number of wind stations TIMEND = (not currently implemented) NUMCEM = number of chemicals NUMESD = number of stability profile locations NUMHRS = number of hours simulated NUtLEPS = number of point sources NUYiASD = number of area sources NOWTIM - current hour IDOWND = wind model flag IDOCEM = chemistry model flag IDODIF = diffusion model flag IDOPLT = surface plot flag NUMBCP = number of background concentration points TGRND = temperature of ground SOLAR= flux PRESR = ambient pressure AMBCO = CO concentration ppm AMH20 =middotwater vapor concentration ppm SIMTIM = same as NOWTIM IDOPRN = print flag IDOCAL = Calcomp plotter flag IDT= number of time steps per hour HRSAVG = number of hours to be averaged DXI2 = lnx2 DYI2 = lDY2 DZI2 = lnz2 DXI == 1DX DYI = 1DYDZI = 1DZ NS= number of species NUMSRD = number of surface roughness data IDOPLM = plume rise model flagmiddot DT = time step size IDOSUR = surface plot flag

C-9

DX2 = nx2 DY2 = DY2 DZ2 = nz2 NOWEWD = time at which next wind station data read NOv7ESD = time at which next stability profile data read NOWEPS = time at which next point source data read NOWASD = time at which next area source data read NOWBCP = time at which next background concentration

data read

COMMONONETWO

EPS = point source emission array UDH = specified plume rise array -DH= plume rise array CC= cellular concentration SS = cellular source array ISKIP = subroutine control flag array IEW = I-location of wind data JEW= J-location of wind data EWS =wind speed array EWD = wind direction array EW = wind-weight array WV= measured wind speed v-direction IES = I-location of stability data JES= J-location of stability data ESS = stability profile array WU= measured wind speed u-direction IBC = I-location of badqffound concentration JBC = J-location of background concentration EBC background concentration array IPS = I-location of source JPS= J-location of source KPS = K-location of source IZO = I-location of surface roughness HPS stack height array TPS = stack gas temperature array VPS = stack volume flow array DPS= stack diameter array SPS = exhaust veJocity of stack ISS = I-location of stack JSS = J-locations of stack SSS = (not implemented) TITLE= title of run TITL = titles of field arrays JZO = J-location of surface roughness ZO = surface roughness array ILAS = low I-location of area source IHAS = high I-location of area source JLAS = low J-location of area source JHAS -- high J-location of area source EAS = area source emission array

C-10

CEMNAM = chemistry array EPST = point source emission array EAST= area source emission array

COMMON TREFOR

C = concentration arrayCA= averaged surface concentration array CT= temporary concentration array U = u-velocity V = vvelocity W = w (vertical) velocity EX= horizontal diffusivity x-direction EY = horizontal diffusivity y-direction EZ = vertical diffusivity z-direction STAB= stability array HT= terrain height array ZO = surface roughness array IHT - integerized height array

C-11

2 2 WEST WIND FIELD MODEL - SUBROUTINE MARLtlI

IMPACT is designed to be used with as little or much

data as is available since possible applications rRnge from

unmonitored wilderness to intensively instrumented research areas

Thus the wind field uses any and all available data with its

accuracy improving with increased usable data

The wind field development is diagramed in Figure 3

Atmospheric stability data are interpolated via a lr4 weightini

to produce a stability field over the computation 1 domain (10 =

A itability 70 = G stability) Wind observations are prcijected

upwards from the point measured through the portion of the grid

without any measurement Such projected data are weighted as

0001 compared with user-specified weighting of from 10 to 00

The projections are based on a power law extrapolation

of the form

for speeds Sand S0 at vertical coordinates Z 2nd Z0 respectiveshy

ly with P determined by linear interpolati0n from the following

table

A B C D E F GStability Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

p 15 17 20 26 39 48 54

The maximum wind speed allowed is 20 msec and the inishy

tial 2 0 is assumed equal to AZ2 After the wind speeds are proshy

jected upwards the wind speed and direction are resolved into U

and V vector components at every wind data site Next the entire

wind field is developed via a weighted lr2 interpolation of the

vertical profiles for each horizontal plane Up to this point

terrain has not been considered Terrain first enters by shifting

C-12

ENTER

lr4 INTERPOLATION OF STABILITY

RESOLVE AND EX1RAPOLATE

WIND PROFILES

lr2 INlERPOLATION

ADD TERRAIN

ADJUST BOUNDARY

VELOCITIES

ITERATE lO REMOVE DIVERGENCE

CALCULA E DIVERGENCE

MODIFY VELOCITY FIELD

WEIGHTED AVERAGE WITH INPUT PROFILES

REMOVE RESIDUAL

DIVERGENCE

SET TRANSPARENCIES l

( RETURN)

ZERO OBSTACLE TRANSPARENCIES

Figure 3 MARIAH Flow Diagram

C-13

The subrol

eight corners for j

profiles are incorf

aging of the iterat

iterative cycles c

of the grid This 1-xnri

lJODE=l

MH i J HCJLL

( NO[ YET l MPLEfbulllUJjJ-ll)

CALClLATJ- middot STAlll LlY SPEED L~middot~t~T

o OUT lJLmiddotliSJ BELO- TJ-HH TL

0 0 0 -1

CALCULATE v=RlICAL Drmiddotsros

L00f OVUlt VERmiddot1-AL Cl-LJS

CALCULATE HORIZONTAL

DIFliSION

RETL1RN

Figure 11 DIPFUS Flow Diagram

C-18

where

Z is the heighi above the gcound

Lis the Monin-Obukhov length and

u~ is the friction velocity

and

u~ == (0 35) Uo m((Z rl 0) (7 w+l 0)) + 2 0 tar (Z w) 1- ((Z 0 -l0)(Z 0 +10)) - 20 tan (Z 0 ) for Llt0

Zw = (10 - 15 ZwL)l 4

Z0 L) 114Z 0 == (10 - 15

U0 is wind speed at a he~ght Zw above the surface and

Zw = 622

The vertical diffusivity Dis further modified by the

function

D = D + (11 - ZZIBSE)

when 01 ZIBSE ltZlt 11 ZIBSE

For the second case (inside an elevated inversion) the

surface wind speedmiddot is set to 3 0 m sec the Monin-Ob 1 1khov length

is set to 200 and Z (the height above the surface) is measured

from ZIBSE

Above the elevated inversion the third case neutral

stability is assumed and Z is measured from the top of the invershy

sion ZITOP The vertical diffusion is then limited by 0001 m2sec

~ D ~ 1000 m2sec and assigned to the top face of the cell

C-19

The vertical diffusivity as calculalcd by Lhe DJ-JgtICT

model (Smith 1971) is more strai3htforward

where

U is the wind speed at the point of interest

aE is the standard deviation of the wind vane

fluctuation - 0E is empirically related to stability

as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 S 6---J __CT_E----+--_2_6_2--_-2_3_7___-1-84--_-1_1_9____-0-56--_-Q-~_-_]

i is the turbulence length scale (meters) and is

empirically related to stability as follows

---------------middot------------------middot-1Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

t 105 85 74 64 59 54

The horizontal diffusivities are calculated for either

diffusion option using the relation DH= aDv where a depends on

on stability as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

a 5 75 105 1 35 1 70 20

(See Figure 4-11 in the main report)

The location of the related stability vertical diffusivity and

horizontal diffusivity parameters are indicated below

C-20

vertical ____Lusivity Stabilityhorizontal

diffusivity bull

Because the diffusivities are face-centered the vertical stashy

bility is offset one-half cell above the cell center the horishy

zontal diffusivity is offset one-half cell to the left of the

cell center

C-21

24 PLUME RISE MODELS - SUBROUTINE PLUMER

The user is given the option of selecting the Briggs

1974 plume rise model the Briggs 1967 plume rise model or the

TVA plume rise model or spccifyin2i either U(tih) or Ah A flow

diagram of PLUMER is shown in Figure 5 The subroutine loops over

each source and checks whether or not the source is inside the

grid If the source is outside the grid an error rn~ssage is

printed and that source is ignored If the user has specified

AH (IDO PLM = 8) the total plume rise (H + 6H) i~ determined 0nd

the cell in which to insert the point source emissior1s is t~lcushy

lated If U(Ah) is specified (IDOPLM = 7) the velocity at the

top of the stack is calculated and AH= UAHU For either Bri~ps

model (IDOPLM = 12) and the TVA model (1DOPLM = 3) the buoyancy

parameter F and the temperature gradient at the top of the stack

are determined The plume rise 6h is calculated as described in

the following paragraphs

TVA ]974

Buoyancy F = gV (T0 -Ta)T0

where 2 g is the gravitation acceleration (98 msec )

Vis the initial volume flux divided by TI (m3sec)2

(also equal to wr where w is the exit velocity

and r is the stack inside radius)

T is the stack gas temperature (degK)0

Ta is the ambient ternpe~ature at the stack (degK) for

neutral and stable conditions

For a distance of 1824 meters (a presumed final rise)

the plume rise is calculated from

Fl36h = 173 -u- exp (-64 (3T3z + 001))

C-22

CALCULli~ VELOCITY ~T TOP l

OF STACK U=Uo(ZZol

CALCULATE BUOYANCY

TEMP GRAD

TVA

Ci~L1UJfTE

1oor OVEH

~ ~

DEiElWJNimiddot K CC(1]) I iJ YE

bullHIlE VALUES

SOUHCES

HETUHN

Figure 5 Plumer Flow Diagram

C-23

J3riggs 1967

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

where h8

is the stack height

Stable Conditions (E-F)

lih = 29 CJ~)lJ where s = t c + 001)

Briggs 1974

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

Fl3 --)23th = 1 6 -- (35 X u

middotwhere x = 14 FS8 for F lt55

__

34 F25X = for F gt55

Stable Conditions (E-F)

cl) 113th= 26 wheres= _g__ lt~ + 001)us Ta

C-24

25 POLLUTANT TRANSPORT - SUBROUTINES POLLUT ADH

The transport dispersion and transformation of pollutants

is controlled by the subroutine POLLUT Each call to POLLUT adshy

vances the simulation one hour A flow diagram of POLLUT is shovrn

in Figure 6

The advectiondiffusion time step is calculated such that

the maximum normalized flux across any cell is le2s than alpha

ie

If the time step is too larfgte or too small an error message is

printed and the program stops The time step is further adjusted

such that N advection cycles end exactly on the hour

The subroutine then loops over N time steps

(~tmiddotN = 3600 seconds)

If multiple species chemistry is requested POLLUT checks to see

if each cell is either below terrain or contains a significant

amount of tracer concentration If not the background concentrashy

tion is loaded into the cell This procedure forces those cells

not affected by point or area sources to agree with the observed

background concentration distribution

The concentrations are stored in a temporary array and

then advecteddiffused in the X Y Z direction via sucessive calls

to subroutine ADH Point and area source emissions are added If multiple species chemistry is selected the updated concentrations

in each cell are subtracted from the stored (old) concentrations

to determine the flux into each cell If there is sufficient

tracer concentration in the cell (gt10- 3 ~gm3) the appropriate

chemistry subroutine (CHEM 3 CHEM 6 CHEM 15) is called and

returns with the updated concentration

C-25

lllld1middot11 MF 11 ME sn1

HdT ibullt1HO~~

r-A -

ZF Hbulli AV U middot middot ~UhirC

CONCEJTP1-~ 1x~

STU

CALCU LTmiddot BAP 1 J i1 I 1

CONCEtTiW I _J-middot

INERT POLL UTAN

lTPDATE fOUH A1F RAcE

( RETLIHN )

Figure 6 POLLUT Plow

C-26

ADD sotHc- 1middotrmi

lERFOHbulli MlILE SECIElt Clr-ITcTRx

( CHEMi CHE~6 1

CHEM5)

LOO OVERc~is

Diagram

Finally surface concentrations are accumulated to calculate the

hour-averaBed concentrntion field

Subroutine ADH solves the differential equation describshy

ing advection and diffusion of pollutant concentration ie

~~ = -V middotUC+ VmiddotK middotVC

The solution is performed seperately in each direction with the

form

ac == _ auc + a Kx ac at ax ax clX

The finite difference solution is basPd on a flux-corrected version

of Crowelys second-order advection scheme

n+l n n n Cmiddot1 =Ci+ Fi-~ Fmiddot+1 6tl 2

where

6x 26t

+ K middot+i (C 1middot - C+1 )AXXl i l

and

= ui+1middot 6t

1X

C-27

- - - -

- -

- -middot middot- - middotmiddotmiddot-

LIBRARY ESB01CALIFORNIA AIR RESOUR p o Box2815 s~ciamento CA 95812

USER GUIDE TO IMPACT

INTEGRATED MODEL FOR PLUMES AND ATMOSPHERICS IN COMPLEX TERRAIN

APPENDIX C

Allan Fabrick Ralph Sklarew

Jim Taft John Wilson

March 1977

---------pound--

1 INTRODUCTION

The _Integrated odel for Ilumes c1nd ~tmospherics in

Qomplex _errain (IMPACT) is the computer code for a three-dimenshy

sional grid model for calculating the impact of pollutants either

inert or reactive in simple or complex terrain emitted from

either point or area sources As such it is one of the most

comprehensive air pollution model yet developed It automatically

treats single or multiple point or area sources the effects of

arbitrary vertical temperature stratifications (rrmiddot1ltiple inver-

sions) on the wind and diffusion fields shear flows caused by

the atmospheric boundary layer or by terrain effects and chemical

transformations (such as those creating photochemical smog)

The code was written in modular format such that the inshy

corporation of new or alternative formulations for plume rise

winds diffusion advection and chemistry is particularly straightshy

forward with minimal chanpes required in the existing program A

macro-flow diagram of IMPACT is shown in Figure 1 The shaded boxes

represent the five modules that are ti1e major components of IMPACT

the rest of thi code is concerned with program control and input

and output functions

The next section of this user guirle contains a description

of the various components ofmiddotthe IMPACT code These descriptions

may contain flow diagrams inputcutout variables equations and

graphs as required to descrihe the routines Section 3 presents

a discussion of the various options available in the code includshy

ing selection of chemistries diffusion models averqging duration

and output plots and edits Also included in this section is a

discussion of the limitations on problem size data input etc

A detaled discussion of the input data and source file structure

for IMPACT i~ presented in section 4 Also included is a discusshy

sion on how to modify the common storage block for different size

problems Section 5 provides helpful caveats for IMPACT usuage

A sample run concludes the document

C-1

_____ _

0 I

N a 0 c a w gt 0 0 g

READ TITLE OPERATING PARAMETERS OPTION DATA itlLRFACE ROUGHNESS DATA ldegrERRAIN HEIGHTS

PRINT TITLE OPERA TING PARAMETERS OPTION DATA SURFACE ROUGHNESS DATA

CONTOUR AND PRINT SURFACE ROUGHNESS TERRAIN HEIGHTS

READ CONTROL DATA twtND DATA lTABILITY DATA ~ACKGROUIJD CONCENTRATION DATA AREA SOURCE DATA tPOINT SOURCE DAT A

WRITE CONTROL OATA WIND DATA STABILITY DATA BACKGROUND CONCENTRATION AREA SOURCE DATA POINT SOURCE DATA

l CALCULATE w1rm FIELD

WIND FIELD CALCULATION ONLY

YES NO

L__

~~ ~

WIND FIELD

MODULE

(

~

diams CALCULATE DIFrUSION FIELD---- DIFFUSIVITY

~ FIELD MODULE

I CALCULATE POINT SOURCE PLUME RISE

l 13RIOG1 lt4 SOURCE TERM tVA ~ MODULESMCWlll) iSUCI lEXCHl

ADVECTIOi MODULECALCULATE POLLUTANT

POLLUT TRANSPORT AND CHEMISTRY

CALCULATE TIME STEP CALCULATE BACKGROUND (

~1 + ftNPUT SOURCE EMISSIONS _

LTRANSPORT POLLUANTS -]ti diams w

CHEMISTRY- a w gt NO YES

middotCt~M 0 - middotC1gtI 6

ol iuPDATE HOUR AVERAGE 0

(jt(t ~ ~~-

llt4lLCONCENTRATIONS

-+ CONTOUR AND PRINT (WIND FIELD - u v w ~ DIFFUSIONFIELO- KK ~~_J CHEMISTRYcoNCENTRATION FltLD

MODULES SURFACE WIN[) FIELD - u v w

rdegsURFACE CONCENTRATION FIELD ~ rsuRFACE HOUR AVERAGE ~L~l CONCENTRATION FIELD

NOTE PARE-lTHESES INDICATE OPrlONS NOT CURRENTLY AVhlLgtB~E

Figure 1 Macro-Flow Diagram of IMPACT

IMPACT is written in FORTRAN IV and should be transfershy

able to any computer system supporting a middotFORTRAN IV compiler It

is currently running on IBM 370108 and DEC-10 systems

C-3

2 PROGRAM ROUTINES

The IMPACT code is designed to solve the follouing conshy

servation of mass equation

ac auc- ave awC1middot1 - 1 - l -

at = ~ cly az

advection

diffusion

+ a c + s middot1cclJ J lJ ( 1 J

source term chemistry

where

c = the concentration of the i th pollution speciesl

uvw = the three-dimensional flow field vectors

KxKyKz = the three-dimensional eddy diffusivity

Smiddotl = the source term for the i th pollutant species

aS the chemical rate constants for the first and

second order chemical reactions

A flow diazram by subroutine for the IMPACT code is

shown in Figure 2 The shaded subroutines represent the major comshy

ponents of the code the remainder of routines direct program flow

and process input and output data A brief definition and a desshy

cription of the inputs and outputs for each subroutine in IMPACT

is listed in Table 1 A description of the program common block

the five major subroutines and the inputoutput routines conclude

this section

C-4

ENTEH

READEM

()

~ 0 r 0 (L

gt0

p 0 0i

DEFINE

bullbullbullbullmiddotbullbulliitrFUS

CONTUH

SUMMARY

PEIN IT

METSOn

bull

~iIJf1Eit)

POLLUT

OUTPUT CONTUR

PRINIT FINISH

STOP

Figure 2 IMPACT Flow Chart

C-5

Table 1 Description of Impact Subroutines

SUBROUUNE DESCRIPTION INPUTS OL~PJ7S

READEM

DEFINE

SUliIIARY

c-i I

deg

CQNTUR

PRINTIT

ViETSOR

MARIAH

DI ~-US

PLUMER

READ SPAE TIME INDEPENDE~T QUANTITIES OPTION ETC

ESTA3LISH USEFUL INVARIANT QUANTITIES FOR LATER PROGRAM EFFICIENCY

PRINT A SUMMARY OF TEE INITIAL STATE OF THE SYSTEM READ TERRAIN AND SURFACE ROJG-NESS DATA

PRIN CONTOUR PLOTS FROM ANY UBMTTED 2-D OR 3-D A~RA

PRINTS THE FIELD ARRAYS TO THE FIRST TWO SIGNIFICANT DIGITS FRO~ ANY SUS~ITTED 2-D OR 3-D ARRAY

HOURLY READS THE METEOROLOGIshyCAL SOURCE AND BACKGROUND DATA PRINTS SUM~ARY OP IJPUT DflTA 2~VERTS INPUT E~SSIONS ~RO~ GSEC TO SEC

CONTAI~S THE S~BROGRAM ~ES~ INTERPOLA7ES WIND STAcILIT DATA CREATES DIERGENCE-REE WIND fltISLD CJNSSTE~T ~TH WIND DATA STAB=LTY D~A amp ~RRAIN

CREATS2 A JIPUS[VITY FIELD BAS2D ON EITiER THE MR OR DEICT MODE_s

DEIERrnss E OINT SOJRCE PLJ~E RISS BASED ON 3RIGGS OR TVA ~CDELS 0 ~ jf middot_~ =--~SC L ~ J DAi

NONE

GRID SIZE CELL SIZE ElC

TERRAIN DATA SURPACE ROUGHNESS DATA PROGRAM INVARIANTS

ANY -DOR 3-D ARRAY

ANY 2-D or 3-D ARRAY

WIND Sh3I~TY POI~1~ ~OJCE AREA SCURCI BACKGROuilD DATA

WIND AND STAHLTY DATA TERRAI~ DATA

WIND AND STABIL=~v PIELDS TERRAIN A~ SURPACE ROUGHNES~ DATA

WIND AND STA~LY F~EJos ~EP~t POTN7 ~O~PC~ 2A~A

Gf~lC s~z~ CP~C~S ETC

1Ax lAx2 etc

INTERGERIZED TERRA~ ARRAY INT2ROLATED S~RFACE ROCGHNESS ARRAY FRINTS AND EDTS OF INi7IAL DATA

-middotmiddot~1middot-R Forrs

PE~H =~ur-=-2

~ 5c~middotc~ A2 3~~J~~~ t7A

--~~ middot=gt __~ s---i3=~-- ~A3

=-= middot ~-r---middot ~~s

is~~middot o~ ~-~ c= z--- middotmiddotmiddoto

i

I i I I I I i

I

I

I

I

i __j

Table 1 Description of Impact Subroutines (Continued)

3lJBR0iJ7lU~ DESCRITION IWJTS OUTUTS

() I

1

~CLLj7

AD

=~- 3

SiE6

~~E~l5

cr~pr_ir

=~ ~

CALCULATES OLLU~ANT 7RA~SORT DIFFUSION S0UCSS AND CHE~STRY CA~S~~A7ES AVERAGE SURFACE J~C~~EA~X

JDAE2 POL~U7Al~T CONC2Nshyt-=-0 D7JS T-- AJVEClO~~ J-i-J Umiddot~j~Qi middot--~ A ~r_~middot~~middot-(1RD2i CRC~~r_middotmiddot ~~ J ~ ~~middot~ ~__ 2 P 12 C middot

cr=r~_middotp_~~ ~~~ 3C2 - middot-~4-=p_~=J~-~_r -li- f ~c~-J - c J~L

~s~~ES ~~pound ~~s ~078CH~~=cA~ ~r~- ~=~G 5 JC~E ~~s~--____ _ - )-~

_~~=-~ ~- r~-r----~~=--middot~=middot ~--=~=c~~-=cA su=- __ J

-~ ~C7VE SECES

z~J _c~3 r s_middotbullViAEi J middotis -~~_J _2_famiddot2 --OJR A~JJ~ P~~~R ~275 ~5 ~ECEJ - --~ ~~~ c~~0~ J~~

WIND AND DIfSIVITY FIELDS EMISSIONS 3ACKGROUND CONCENTRAshyT~CKS Pos~=o~ 8 E~~VA7ED L~XES

~~ =~SlV~~~ c8 SJ~ c~--=- _ ~-= -middot ~_o

Cmiddot~=_middot_middot~gt-- middot~-~-=--~c(2 ~~z~s r i

SJ~SCES

C~i middot_middotr _t_~-_ _ - _-A- ~=bull~ _middot_bullr-r~bull

~rbullbull= -

_ ~- - r - - -~ middot- - - - - -

i~middot-2 x -__

-~-~--~ --

~-- =~ J~ y - -~ J-= -middot-middotmiddot_middot _ =-=-~ ~~ -3 = ~ ~middot =middot=middot -~ --middot~ -=-= ~gt

~-~~

POLLUTANT CDNCEKTR~IO~S IN TIME AND SPACE

~PDA~2J POLLUTA~T CCNCEN~RA7IDN FIELD

~~~~SJ PCLL~TA~T J~cs~RA~IQ~S

~FDA~~D S~~~A~~ cs c --1~= 0~s

JA~~J ~LC~h~T 22~CEX~RA~o~3

---3 A~- c-=r~-_1~3 shymiddot~_ R_ -

~i~S ~C ~~ 0A~ middot---~ middot-=

21 COMMON

There are three blocks of common data used in IMPACT

The first block SCALER contains all the scaler quantities

shared between subroutines The second block ONETWO contains

all the one and two-dimensional arrays that remain invarient from

problem to problem These common blocks are found in all subshy

routines except ADH CHEM3 CHEM6 CHEM15 and FINISH The

third common stock TREFOR contains the two t11ree and fourshy

dimensionalmiddot arrays that may change size from problem to problem

Rather than include this common stock in every subroutine the

common appears only in the main program and is passed to other

subroutines via the subroutine call statement Thus the user

can vary the size of the problem with a minirnum of effort (See

section 41 for a discussion on modifing the TREFOR common

block)

A glossary of common variables is given in Table 2

C-8

Table 2 Definition 6f Variables Used in COMMON

COMMONSCALAR

DX = cell size x-direction DY = cell size y-direction DZ = cell size z-direction NX = number of cells x-direction NY = number of cells y-direction NZ= number of cells z-direction NXPl = NX+l NYPl = NY+l NZPl = NZ+l NXMl = NX-1 NYMl = NY-1 NZMl = NZ-1 NUMEWD = number of wind stations TIMEND = (not currently implemented) NUMCEM = number of chemicals NUMESD = number of stability profile locations NUMHRS = number of hours simulated NUtLEPS = number of point sources NUYiASD = number of area sources NOWTIM - current hour IDOWND = wind model flag IDOCEM = chemistry model flag IDODIF = diffusion model flag IDOPLT = surface plot flag NUMBCP = number of background concentration points TGRND = temperature of ground SOLAR= flux PRESR = ambient pressure AMBCO = CO concentration ppm AMH20 =middotwater vapor concentration ppm SIMTIM = same as NOWTIM IDOPRN = print flag IDOCAL = Calcomp plotter flag IDT= number of time steps per hour HRSAVG = number of hours to be averaged DXI2 = lnx2 DYI2 = lDY2 DZI2 = lnz2 DXI == 1DX DYI = 1DYDZI = 1DZ NS= number of species NUMSRD = number of surface roughness data IDOPLM = plume rise model flagmiddot DT = time step size IDOSUR = surface plot flag

C-9

DX2 = nx2 DY2 = DY2 DZ2 = nz2 NOWEWD = time at which next wind station data read NOv7ESD = time at which next stability profile data read NOWEPS = time at which next point source data read NOWASD = time at which next area source data read NOWBCP = time at which next background concentration

data read

COMMONONETWO

EPS = point source emission array UDH = specified plume rise array -DH= plume rise array CC= cellular concentration SS = cellular source array ISKIP = subroutine control flag array IEW = I-location of wind data JEW= J-location of wind data EWS =wind speed array EWD = wind direction array EW = wind-weight array WV= measured wind speed v-direction IES = I-location of stability data JES= J-location of stability data ESS = stability profile array WU= measured wind speed u-direction IBC = I-location of badqffound concentration JBC = J-location of background concentration EBC background concentration array IPS = I-location of source JPS= J-location of source KPS = K-location of source IZO = I-location of surface roughness HPS stack height array TPS = stack gas temperature array VPS = stack volume flow array DPS= stack diameter array SPS = exhaust veJocity of stack ISS = I-location of stack JSS = J-locations of stack SSS = (not implemented) TITLE= title of run TITL = titles of field arrays JZO = J-location of surface roughness ZO = surface roughness array ILAS = low I-location of area source IHAS = high I-location of area source JLAS = low J-location of area source JHAS -- high J-location of area source EAS = area source emission array

C-10

CEMNAM = chemistry array EPST = point source emission array EAST= area source emission array

COMMON TREFOR

C = concentration arrayCA= averaged surface concentration array CT= temporary concentration array U = u-velocity V = vvelocity W = w (vertical) velocity EX= horizontal diffusivity x-direction EY = horizontal diffusivity y-direction EZ = vertical diffusivity z-direction STAB= stability array HT= terrain height array ZO = surface roughness array IHT - integerized height array

C-11

2 2 WEST WIND FIELD MODEL - SUBROUTINE MARLtlI

IMPACT is designed to be used with as little or much

data as is available since possible applications rRnge from

unmonitored wilderness to intensively instrumented research areas

Thus the wind field uses any and all available data with its

accuracy improving with increased usable data

The wind field development is diagramed in Figure 3

Atmospheric stability data are interpolated via a lr4 weightini

to produce a stability field over the computation 1 domain (10 =

A itability 70 = G stability) Wind observations are prcijected

upwards from the point measured through the portion of the grid

without any measurement Such projected data are weighted as

0001 compared with user-specified weighting of from 10 to 00

The projections are based on a power law extrapolation

of the form

for speeds Sand S0 at vertical coordinates Z 2nd Z0 respectiveshy

ly with P determined by linear interpolati0n from the following

table

A B C D E F GStability Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

p 15 17 20 26 39 48 54

The maximum wind speed allowed is 20 msec and the inishy

tial 2 0 is assumed equal to AZ2 After the wind speeds are proshy

jected upwards the wind speed and direction are resolved into U

and V vector components at every wind data site Next the entire

wind field is developed via a weighted lr2 interpolation of the

vertical profiles for each horizontal plane Up to this point

terrain has not been considered Terrain first enters by shifting

C-12

ENTER

lr4 INTERPOLATION OF STABILITY

RESOLVE AND EX1RAPOLATE

WIND PROFILES

lr2 INlERPOLATION

ADD TERRAIN

ADJUST BOUNDARY

VELOCITIES

ITERATE lO REMOVE DIVERGENCE

CALCULA E DIVERGENCE

MODIFY VELOCITY FIELD

WEIGHTED AVERAGE WITH INPUT PROFILES

REMOVE RESIDUAL

DIVERGENCE

SET TRANSPARENCIES l

( RETURN)

ZERO OBSTACLE TRANSPARENCIES

Figure 3 MARIAH Flow Diagram

C-13

The subrol

eight corners for j

profiles are incorf

aging of the iterat

iterative cycles c

of the grid This 1-xnri

lJODE=l

MH i J HCJLL

( NO[ YET l MPLEfbulllUJjJ-ll)

CALClLATJ- middot STAlll LlY SPEED L~middot~t~T

o OUT lJLmiddotliSJ BELO- TJ-HH TL

0 0 0 -1

CALCULATE v=RlICAL Drmiddotsros

L00f OVUlt VERmiddot1-AL Cl-LJS

CALCULATE HORIZONTAL

DIFliSION

RETL1RN

Figure 11 DIPFUS Flow Diagram

C-18

where

Z is the heighi above the gcound

Lis the Monin-Obukhov length and

u~ is the friction velocity

and

u~ == (0 35) Uo m((Z rl 0) (7 w+l 0)) + 2 0 tar (Z w) 1- ((Z 0 -l0)(Z 0 +10)) - 20 tan (Z 0 ) for Llt0

Zw = (10 - 15 ZwL)l 4

Z0 L) 114Z 0 == (10 - 15

U0 is wind speed at a he~ght Zw above the surface and

Zw = 622

The vertical diffusivity Dis further modified by the

function

D = D + (11 - ZZIBSE)

when 01 ZIBSE ltZlt 11 ZIBSE

For the second case (inside an elevated inversion) the

surface wind speedmiddot is set to 3 0 m sec the Monin-Ob 1 1khov length

is set to 200 and Z (the height above the surface) is measured

from ZIBSE

Above the elevated inversion the third case neutral

stability is assumed and Z is measured from the top of the invershy

sion ZITOP The vertical diffusion is then limited by 0001 m2sec

~ D ~ 1000 m2sec and assigned to the top face of the cell

C-19

The vertical diffusivity as calculalcd by Lhe DJ-JgtICT

model (Smith 1971) is more strai3htforward

where

U is the wind speed at the point of interest

aE is the standard deviation of the wind vane

fluctuation - 0E is empirically related to stability

as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 S 6---J __CT_E----+--_2_6_2--_-2_3_7___-1-84--_-1_1_9____-0-56--_-Q-~_-_]

i is the turbulence length scale (meters) and is

empirically related to stability as follows

---------------middot------------------middot-1Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

t 105 85 74 64 59 54

The horizontal diffusivities are calculated for either

diffusion option using the relation DH= aDv where a depends on

on stability as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

a 5 75 105 1 35 1 70 20

(See Figure 4-11 in the main report)

The location of the related stability vertical diffusivity and

horizontal diffusivity parameters are indicated below

C-20

vertical ____Lusivity Stabilityhorizontal

diffusivity bull

Because the diffusivities are face-centered the vertical stashy

bility is offset one-half cell above the cell center the horishy

zontal diffusivity is offset one-half cell to the left of the

cell center

C-21

24 PLUME RISE MODELS - SUBROUTINE PLUMER

The user is given the option of selecting the Briggs

1974 plume rise model the Briggs 1967 plume rise model or the

TVA plume rise model or spccifyin2i either U(tih) or Ah A flow

diagram of PLUMER is shown in Figure 5 The subroutine loops over

each source and checks whether or not the source is inside the

grid If the source is outside the grid an error rn~ssage is

printed and that source is ignored If the user has specified

AH (IDO PLM = 8) the total plume rise (H + 6H) i~ determined 0nd

the cell in which to insert the point source emissior1s is t~lcushy

lated If U(Ah) is specified (IDOPLM = 7) the velocity at the

top of the stack is calculated and AH= UAHU For either Bri~ps

model (IDOPLM = 12) and the TVA model (1DOPLM = 3) the buoyancy

parameter F and the temperature gradient at the top of the stack

are determined The plume rise 6h is calculated as described in

the following paragraphs

TVA ]974

Buoyancy F = gV (T0 -Ta)T0

where 2 g is the gravitation acceleration (98 msec )

Vis the initial volume flux divided by TI (m3sec)2

(also equal to wr where w is the exit velocity

and r is the stack inside radius)

T is the stack gas temperature (degK)0

Ta is the ambient ternpe~ature at the stack (degK) for

neutral and stable conditions

For a distance of 1824 meters (a presumed final rise)

the plume rise is calculated from

Fl36h = 173 -u- exp (-64 (3T3z + 001))

C-22

CALCULli~ VELOCITY ~T TOP l

OF STACK U=Uo(ZZol

CALCULATE BUOYANCY

TEMP GRAD

TVA

Ci~L1UJfTE

1oor OVEH

~ ~

DEiElWJNimiddot K CC(1]) I iJ YE

bullHIlE VALUES

SOUHCES

HETUHN

Figure 5 Plumer Flow Diagram

C-23

J3riggs 1967

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

where h8

is the stack height

Stable Conditions (E-F)

lih = 29 CJ~)lJ where s = t c + 001)

Briggs 1974

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

Fl3 --)23th = 1 6 -- (35 X u

middotwhere x = 14 FS8 for F lt55

__

34 F25X = for F gt55

Stable Conditions (E-F)

cl) 113th= 26 wheres= _g__ lt~ + 001)us Ta

C-24

25 POLLUTANT TRANSPORT - SUBROUTINES POLLUT ADH

The transport dispersion and transformation of pollutants

is controlled by the subroutine POLLUT Each call to POLLUT adshy

vances the simulation one hour A flow diagram of POLLUT is shovrn

in Figure 6

The advectiondiffusion time step is calculated such that

the maximum normalized flux across any cell is le2s than alpha

ie

If the time step is too larfgte or too small an error message is

printed and the program stops The time step is further adjusted

such that N advection cycles end exactly on the hour

The subroutine then loops over N time steps

(~tmiddotN = 3600 seconds)

If multiple species chemistry is requested POLLUT checks to see

if each cell is either below terrain or contains a significant

amount of tracer concentration If not the background concentrashy

tion is loaded into the cell This procedure forces those cells

not affected by point or area sources to agree with the observed

background concentration distribution

The concentrations are stored in a temporary array and

then advecteddiffused in the X Y Z direction via sucessive calls

to subroutine ADH Point and area source emissions are added If multiple species chemistry is selected the updated concentrations

in each cell are subtracted from the stored (old) concentrations

to determine the flux into each cell If there is sufficient

tracer concentration in the cell (gt10- 3 ~gm3) the appropriate

chemistry subroutine (CHEM 3 CHEM 6 CHEM 15) is called and

returns with the updated concentration

C-25

lllld1middot11 MF 11 ME sn1

HdT ibullt1HO~~

r-A -

ZF Hbulli AV U middot middot ~UhirC

CONCEJTP1-~ 1x~

STU

CALCU LTmiddot BAP 1 J i1 I 1

CONCEtTiW I _J-middot

INERT POLL UTAN

lTPDATE fOUH A1F RAcE

( RETLIHN )

Figure 6 POLLUT Plow

C-26

ADD sotHc- 1middotrmi

lERFOHbulli MlILE SECIElt Clr-ITcTRx

( CHEMi CHE~6 1

CHEM5)

LOO OVERc~is

Diagram

Finally surface concentrations are accumulated to calculate the

hour-averaBed concentrntion field

Subroutine ADH solves the differential equation describshy

ing advection and diffusion of pollutant concentration ie

~~ = -V middotUC+ VmiddotK middotVC

The solution is performed seperately in each direction with the

form

ac == _ auc + a Kx ac at ax ax clX

The finite difference solution is basPd on a flux-corrected version

of Crowelys second-order advection scheme

n+l n n n Cmiddot1 =Ci+ Fi-~ Fmiddot+1 6tl 2

where

6x 26t

+ K middot+i (C 1middot - C+1 )AXXl i l

and

= ui+1middot 6t

1X

C-27

1 INTRODUCTION

The _Integrated odel for Ilumes c1nd ~tmospherics in

Qomplex _errain (IMPACT) is the computer code for a three-dimenshy

sional grid model for calculating the impact of pollutants either

inert or reactive in simple or complex terrain emitted from

either point or area sources As such it is one of the most

comprehensive air pollution model yet developed It automatically

treats single or multiple point or area sources the effects of

arbitrary vertical temperature stratifications (rrmiddot1ltiple inver-

sions) on the wind and diffusion fields shear flows caused by

the atmospheric boundary layer or by terrain effects and chemical

transformations (such as those creating photochemical smog)

The code was written in modular format such that the inshy

corporation of new or alternative formulations for plume rise

winds diffusion advection and chemistry is particularly straightshy

forward with minimal chanpes required in the existing program A

macro-flow diagram of IMPACT is shown in Figure 1 The shaded boxes

represent the five modules that are ti1e major components of IMPACT

the rest of thi code is concerned with program control and input

and output functions

The next section of this user guirle contains a description

of the various components ofmiddotthe IMPACT code These descriptions

may contain flow diagrams inputcutout variables equations and

graphs as required to descrihe the routines Section 3 presents

a discussion of the various options available in the code includshy

ing selection of chemistries diffusion models averqging duration

and output plots and edits Also included in this section is a

discussion of the limitations on problem size data input etc

A detaled discussion of the input data and source file structure

for IMPACT i~ presented in section 4 Also included is a discusshy

sion on how to modify the common storage block for different size

problems Section 5 provides helpful caveats for IMPACT usuage

A sample run concludes the document

C-1

_____ _

0 I

N a 0 c a w gt 0 0 g

READ TITLE OPERATING PARAMETERS OPTION DATA itlLRFACE ROUGHNESS DATA ldegrERRAIN HEIGHTS

PRINT TITLE OPERA TING PARAMETERS OPTION DATA SURFACE ROUGHNESS DATA

CONTOUR AND PRINT SURFACE ROUGHNESS TERRAIN HEIGHTS

READ CONTROL DATA twtND DATA lTABILITY DATA ~ACKGROUIJD CONCENTRATION DATA AREA SOURCE DATA tPOINT SOURCE DAT A

WRITE CONTROL OATA WIND DATA STABILITY DATA BACKGROUND CONCENTRATION AREA SOURCE DATA POINT SOURCE DATA

l CALCULATE w1rm FIELD

WIND FIELD CALCULATION ONLY

YES NO

L__

~~ ~

WIND FIELD

MODULE

(

~

diams CALCULATE DIFrUSION FIELD---- DIFFUSIVITY

~ FIELD MODULE

I CALCULATE POINT SOURCE PLUME RISE

l 13RIOG1 lt4 SOURCE TERM tVA ~ MODULESMCWlll) iSUCI lEXCHl

ADVECTIOi MODULECALCULATE POLLUTANT

POLLUT TRANSPORT AND CHEMISTRY

CALCULATE TIME STEP CALCULATE BACKGROUND (

~1 + ftNPUT SOURCE EMISSIONS _

LTRANSPORT POLLUANTS -]ti diams w

CHEMISTRY- a w gt NO YES

middotCt~M 0 - middotC1gtI 6

ol iuPDATE HOUR AVERAGE 0

(jt(t ~ ~~-

llt4lLCONCENTRATIONS

-+ CONTOUR AND PRINT (WIND FIELD - u v w ~ DIFFUSIONFIELO- KK ~~_J CHEMISTRYcoNCENTRATION FltLD

MODULES SURFACE WIN[) FIELD - u v w

rdegsURFACE CONCENTRATION FIELD ~ rsuRFACE HOUR AVERAGE ~L~l CONCENTRATION FIELD

NOTE PARE-lTHESES INDICATE OPrlONS NOT CURRENTLY AVhlLgtB~E

Figure 1 Macro-Flow Diagram of IMPACT

IMPACT is written in FORTRAN IV and should be transfershy

able to any computer system supporting a middotFORTRAN IV compiler It

is currently running on IBM 370108 and DEC-10 systems

C-3

2 PROGRAM ROUTINES

The IMPACT code is designed to solve the follouing conshy

servation of mass equation

ac auc- ave awC1middot1 - 1 - l -

at = ~ cly az

advection

diffusion

+ a c + s middot1cclJ J lJ ( 1 J

source term chemistry

where

c = the concentration of the i th pollution speciesl

uvw = the three-dimensional flow field vectors

KxKyKz = the three-dimensional eddy diffusivity

Smiddotl = the source term for the i th pollutant species

aS the chemical rate constants for the first and

second order chemical reactions

A flow diazram by subroutine for the IMPACT code is

shown in Figure 2 The shaded subroutines represent the major comshy

ponents of the code the remainder of routines direct program flow

and process input and output data A brief definition and a desshy

cription of the inputs and outputs for each subroutine in IMPACT

is listed in Table 1 A description of the program common block

the five major subroutines and the inputoutput routines conclude

this section

C-4

ENTEH

READEM

()

~ 0 r 0 (L

gt0

p 0 0i

DEFINE

bullbullbullbullmiddotbullbulliitrFUS

CONTUH

SUMMARY

PEIN IT

METSOn

bull

~iIJf1Eit)

POLLUT

OUTPUT CONTUR

PRINIT FINISH

STOP

Figure 2 IMPACT Flow Chart

C-5

Table 1 Description of Impact Subroutines

SUBROUUNE DESCRIPTION INPUTS OL~PJ7S

READEM

DEFINE

SUliIIARY

c-i I

deg

CQNTUR

PRINTIT

ViETSOR

MARIAH

DI ~-US

PLUMER

READ SPAE TIME INDEPENDE~T QUANTITIES OPTION ETC

ESTA3LISH USEFUL INVARIANT QUANTITIES FOR LATER PROGRAM EFFICIENCY

PRINT A SUMMARY OF TEE INITIAL STATE OF THE SYSTEM READ TERRAIN AND SURFACE ROJG-NESS DATA

PRIN CONTOUR PLOTS FROM ANY UBMTTED 2-D OR 3-D A~RA

PRINTS THE FIELD ARRAYS TO THE FIRST TWO SIGNIFICANT DIGITS FRO~ ANY SUS~ITTED 2-D OR 3-D ARRAY

HOURLY READS THE METEOROLOGIshyCAL SOURCE AND BACKGROUND DATA PRINTS SUM~ARY OP IJPUT DflTA 2~VERTS INPUT E~SSIONS ~RO~ GSEC TO SEC

CONTAI~S THE S~BROGRAM ~ES~ INTERPOLA7ES WIND STAcILIT DATA CREATES DIERGENCE-REE WIND fltISLD CJNSSTE~T ~TH WIND DATA STAB=LTY D~A amp ~RRAIN

CREATS2 A JIPUS[VITY FIELD BAS2D ON EITiER THE MR OR DEICT MODE_s

DEIERrnss E OINT SOJRCE PLJ~E RISS BASED ON 3RIGGS OR TVA ~CDELS 0 ~ jf middot_~ =--~SC L ~ J DAi

NONE

GRID SIZE CELL SIZE ElC

TERRAIN DATA SURPACE ROUGHNESS DATA PROGRAM INVARIANTS

ANY -DOR 3-D ARRAY

ANY 2-D or 3-D ARRAY

WIND Sh3I~TY POI~1~ ~OJCE AREA SCURCI BACKGROuilD DATA

WIND AND STAHLTY DATA TERRAI~ DATA

WIND AND STABIL=~v PIELDS TERRAIN A~ SURPACE ROUGHNES~ DATA

WIND AND STA~LY F~EJos ~EP~t POTN7 ~O~PC~ 2A~A

Gf~lC s~z~ CP~C~S ETC

1Ax lAx2 etc

INTERGERIZED TERRA~ ARRAY INT2ROLATED S~RFACE ROCGHNESS ARRAY FRINTS AND EDTS OF INi7IAL DATA

-middotmiddot~1middot-R Forrs

PE~H =~ur-=-2

~ 5c~middotc~ A2 3~~J~~~ t7A

--~~ middot=gt __~ s---i3=~-- ~A3

=-= middot ~-r---middot ~~s

is~~middot o~ ~-~ c= z--- middotmiddotmiddoto

i

I i I I I I i

I

I

I

I

i __j

Table 1 Description of Impact Subroutines (Continued)

3lJBR0iJ7lU~ DESCRITION IWJTS OUTUTS

() I

1

~CLLj7

AD

=~- 3

SiE6

~~E~l5

cr~pr_ir

=~ ~

CALCULATES OLLU~ANT 7RA~SORT DIFFUSION S0UCSS AND CHE~STRY CA~S~~A7ES AVERAGE SURFACE J~C~~EA~X

JDAE2 POL~U7Al~T CONC2Nshyt-=-0 D7JS T-- AJVEClO~~ J-i-J Umiddot~j~Qi middot--~ A ~r_~middot~~middot-(1RD2i CRC~~r_middotmiddot ~~ J ~ ~~middot~ ~__ 2 P 12 C middot

cr=r~_middotp_~~ ~~~ 3C2 - middot-~4-=p_~=J~-~_r -li- f ~c~-J - c J~L

~s~~ES ~~pound ~~s ~078CH~~=cA~ ~r~- ~=~G 5 JC~E ~~s~--____ _ - )-~

_~~=-~ ~- r~-r----~~=--middot~=middot ~--=~=c~~-=cA su=- __ J

-~ ~C7VE SECES

z~J _c~3 r s_middotbullViAEi J middotis -~~_J _2_famiddot2 --OJR A~JJ~ P~~~R ~275 ~5 ~ECEJ - --~ ~~~ c~~0~ J~~

WIND AND DIfSIVITY FIELDS EMISSIONS 3ACKGROUND CONCENTRAshyT~CKS Pos~=o~ 8 E~~VA7ED L~XES

~~ =~SlV~~~ c8 SJ~ c~--=- _ ~-= -middot ~_o

Cmiddot~=_middot_middot~gt-- middot~-~-=--~c(2 ~~z~s r i

SJ~SCES

C~i middot_middotr _t_~-_ _ - _-A- ~=bull~ _middot_bullr-r~bull

~rbullbull= -

_ ~- - r - - -~ middot- - - - - -

i~middot-2 x -__

-~-~--~ --

~-- =~ J~ y - -~ J-= -middot-middotmiddot_middot _ =-=-~ ~~ -3 = ~ ~middot =middot=middot -~ --middot~ -=-= ~gt

~-~~

POLLUTANT CDNCEKTR~IO~S IN TIME AND SPACE

~PDA~2J POLLUTA~T CCNCEN~RA7IDN FIELD

~~~~SJ PCLL~TA~T J~cs~RA~IQ~S

~FDA~~D S~~~A~~ cs c --1~= 0~s

JA~~J ~LC~h~T 22~CEX~RA~o~3

---3 A~- c-=r~-_1~3 shymiddot~_ R_ -

~i~S ~C ~~ 0A~ middot---~ middot-=

21 COMMON

There are three blocks of common data used in IMPACT

The first block SCALER contains all the scaler quantities

shared between subroutines The second block ONETWO contains

all the one and two-dimensional arrays that remain invarient from

problem to problem These common blocks are found in all subshy

routines except ADH CHEM3 CHEM6 CHEM15 and FINISH The

third common stock TREFOR contains the two t11ree and fourshy

dimensionalmiddot arrays that may change size from problem to problem

Rather than include this common stock in every subroutine the

common appears only in the main program and is passed to other

subroutines via the subroutine call statement Thus the user

can vary the size of the problem with a minirnum of effort (See

section 41 for a discussion on modifing the TREFOR common

block)

A glossary of common variables is given in Table 2

C-8

Table 2 Definition 6f Variables Used in COMMON

COMMONSCALAR

DX = cell size x-direction DY = cell size y-direction DZ = cell size z-direction NX = number of cells x-direction NY = number of cells y-direction NZ= number of cells z-direction NXPl = NX+l NYPl = NY+l NZPl = NZ+l NXMl = NX-1 NYMl = NY-1 NZMl = NZ-1 NUMEWD = number of wind stations TIMEND = (not currently implemented) NUMCEM = number of chemicals NUMESD = number of stability profile locations NUMHRS = number of hours simulated NUtLEPS = number of point sources NUYiASD = number of area sources NOWTIM - current hour IDOWND = wind model flag IDOCEM = chemistry model flag IDODIF = diffusion model flag IDOPLT = surface plot flag NUMBCP = number of background concentration points TGRND = temperature of ground SOLAR= flux PRESR = ambient pressure AMBCO = CO concentration ppm AMH20 =middotwater vapor concentration ppm SIMTIM = same as NOWTIM IDOPRN = print flag IDOCAL = Calcomp plotter flag IDT= number of time steps per hour HRSAVG = number of hours to be averaged DXI2 = lnx2 DYI2 = lDY2 DZI2 = lnz2 DXI == 1DX DYI = 1DYDZI = 1DZ NS= number of species NUMSRD = number of surface roughness data IDOPLM = plume rise model flagmiddot DT = time step size IDOSUR = surface plot flag

C-9

DX2 = nx2 DY2 = DY2 DZ2 = nz2 NOWEWD = time at which next wind station data read NOv7ESD = time at which next stability profile data read NOWEPS = time at which next point source data read NOWASD = time at which next area source data read NOWBCP = time at which next background concentration

data read

COMMONONETWO

EPS = point source emission array UDH = specified plume rise array -DH= plume rise array CC= cellular concentration SS = cellular source array ISKIP = subroutine control flag array IEW = I-location of wind data JEW= J-location of wind data EWS =wind speed array EWD = wind direction array EW = wind-weight array WV= measured wind speed v-direction IES = I-location of stability data JES= J-location of stability data ESS = stability profile array WU= measured wind speed u-direction IBC = I-location of badqffound concentration JBC = J-location of background concentration EBC background concentration array IPS = I-location of source JPS= J-location of source KPS = K-location of source IZO = I-location of surface roughness HPS stack height array TPS = stack gas temperature array VPS = stack volume flow array DPS= stack diameter array SPS = exhaust veJocity of stack ISS = I-location of stack JSS = J-locations of stack SSS = (not implemented) TITLE= title of run TITL = titles of field arrays JZO = J-location of surface roughness ZO = surface roughness array ILAS = low I-location of area source IHAS = high I-location of area source JLAS = low J-location of area source JHAS -- high J-location of area source EAS = area source emission array

C-10

CEMNAM = chemistry array EPST = point source emission array EAST= area source emission array

COMMON TREFOR

C = concentration arrayCA= averaged surface concentration array CT= temporary concentration array U = u-velocity V = vvelocity W = w (vertical) velocity EX= horizontal diffusivity x-direction EY = horizontal diffusivity y-direction EZ = vertical diffusivity z-direction STAB= stability array HT= terrain height array ZO = surface roughness array IHT - integerized height array

C-11

2 2 WEST WIND FIELD MODEL - SUBROUTINE MARLtlI

IMPACT is designed to be used with as little or much

data as is available since possible applications rRnge from

unmonitored wilderness to intensively instrumented research areas

Thus the wind field uses any and all available data with its

accuracy improving with increased usable data

The wind field development is diagramed in Figure 3

Atmospheric stability data are interpolated via a lr4 weightini

to produce a stability field over the computation 1 domain (10 =

A itability 70 = G stability) Wind observations are prcijected

upwards from the point measured through the portion of the grid

without any measurement Such projected data are weighted as

0001 compared with user-specified weighting of from 10 to 00

The projections are based on a power law extrapolation

of the form

for speeds Sand S0 at vertical coordinates Z 2nd Z0 respectiveshy

ly with P determined by linear interpolati0n from the following

table

A B C D E F GStability Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

p 15 17 20 26 39 48 54

The maximum wind speed allowed is 20 msec and the inishy

tial 2 0 is assumed equal to AZ2 After the wind speeds are proshy

jected upwards the wind speed and direction are resolved into U

and V vector components at every wind data site Next the entire

wind field is developed via a weighted lr2 interpolation of the

vertical profiles for each horizontal plane Up to this point

terrain has not been considered Terrain first enters by shifting

C-12

ENTER

lr4 INTERPOLATION OF STABILITY

RESOLVE AND EX1RAPOLATE

WIND PROFILES

lr2 INlERPOLATION

ADD TERRAIN

ADJUST BOUNDARY

VELOCITIES

ITERATE lO REMOVE DIVERGENCE

CALCULA E DIVERGENCE

MODIFY VELOCITY FIELD

WEIGHTED AVERAGE WITH INPUT PROFILES

REMOVE RESIDUAL

DIVERGENCE

SET TRANSPARENCIES l

( RETURN)

ZERO OBSTACLE TRANSPARENCIES

Figure 3 MARIAH Flow Diagram

C-13

The subrol

eight corners for j

profiles are incorf

aging of the iterat

iterative cycles c

of the grid This 1-xnri

lJODE=l

MH i J HCJLL

( NO[ YET l MPLEfbulllUJjJ-ll)

CALClLATJ- middot STAlll LlY SPEED L~middot~t~T

o OUT lJLmiddotliSJ BELO- TJ-HH TL

0 0 0 -1

CALCULATE v=RlICAL Drmiddotsros

L00f OVUlt VERmiddot1-AL Cl-LJS

CALCULATE HORIZONTAL

DIFliSION

RETL1RN

Figure 11 DIPFUS Flow Diagram

C-18

where

Z is the heighi above the gcound

Lis the Monin-Obukhov length and

u~ is the friction velocity

and

u~ == (0 35) Uo m((Z rl 0) (7 w+l 0)) + 2 0 tar (Z w) 1- ((Z 0 -l0)(Z 0 +10)) - 20 tan (Z 0 ) for Llt0

Zw = (10 - 15 ZwL)l 4

Z0 L) 114Z 0 == (10 - 15

U0 is wind speed at a he~ght Zw above the surface and

Zw = 622

The vertical diffusivity Dis further modified by the

function

D = D + (11 - ZZIBSE)

when 01 ZIBSE ltZlt 11 ZIBSE

For the second case (inside an elevated inversion) the

surface wind speedmiddot is set to 3 0 m sec the Monin-Ob 1 1khov length

is set to 200 and Z (the height above the surface) is measured

from ZIBSE

Above the elevated inversion the third case neutral

stability is assumed and Z is measured from the top of the invershy

sion ZITOP The vertical diffusion is then limited by 0001 m2sec

~ D ~ 1000 m2sec and assigned to the top face of the cell

C-19

The vertical diffusivity as calculalcd by Lhe DJ-JgtICT

model (Smith 1971) is more strai3htforward

where

U is the wind speed at the point of interest

aE is the standard deviation of the wind vane

fluctuation - 0E is empirically related to stability

as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 S 6---J __CT_E----+--_2_6_2--_-2_3_7___-1-84--_-1_1_9____-0-56--_-Q-~_-_]

i is the turbulence length scale (meters) and is

empirically related to stability as follows

---------------middot------------------middot-1Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

t 105 85 74 64 59 54

The horizontal diffusivities are calculated for either

diffusion option using the relation DH= aDv where a depends on

on stability as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

a 5 75 105 1 35 1 70 20

(See Figure 4-11 in the main report)

The location of the related stability vertical diffusivity and

horizontal diffusivity parameters are indicated below

C-20

vertical ____Lusivity Stabilityhorizontal

diffusivity bull

Because the diffusivities are face-centered the vertical stashy

bility is offset one-half cell above the cell center the horishy

zontal diffusivity is offset one-half cell to the left of the

cell center

C-21

24 PLUME RISE MODELS - SUBROUTINE PLUMER

The user is given the option of selecting the Briggs

1974 plume rise model the Briggs 1967 plume rise model or the

TVA plume rise model or spccifyin2i either U(tih) or Ah A flow

diagram of PLUMER is shown in Figure 5 The subroutine loops over

each source and checks whether or not the source is inside the

grid If the source is outside the grid an error rn~ssage is

printed and that source is ignored If the user has specified

AH (IDO PLM = 8) the total plume rise (H + 6H) i~ determined 0nd

the cell in which to insert the point source emissior1s is t~lcushy

lated If U(Ah) is specified (IDOPLM = 7) the velocity at the

top of the stack is calculated and AH= UAHU For either Bri~ps

model (IDOPLM = 12) and the TVA model (1DOPLM = 3) the buoyancy

parameter F and the temperature gradient at the top of the stack

are determined The plume rise 6h is calculated as described in

the following paragraphs

TVA ]974

Buoyancy F = gV (T0 -Ta)T0

where 2 g is the gravitation acceleration (98 msec )

Vis the initial volume flux divided by TI (m3sec)2

(also equal to wr where w is the exit velocity

and r is the stack inside radius)

T is the stack gas temperature (degK)0

Ta is the ambient ternpe~ature at the stack (degK) for

neutral and stable conditions

For a distance of 1824 meters (a presumed final rise)

the plume rise is calculated from

Fl36h = 173 -u- exp (-64 (3T3z + 001))

C-22

CALCULli~ VELOCITY ~T TOP l

OF STACK U=Uo(ZZol

CALCULATE BUOYANCY

TEMP GRAD

TVA

Ci~L1UJfTE

1oor OVEH

~ ~

DEiElWJNimiddot K CC(1]) I iJ YE

bullHIlE VALUES

SOUHCES

HETUHN

Figure 5 Plumer Flow Diagram

C-23

J3riggs 1967

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

where h8

is the stack height

Stable Conditions (E-F)

lih = 29 CJ~)lJ where s = t c + 001)

Briggs 1974

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

Fl3 --)23th = 1 6 -- (35 X u

middotwhere x = 14 FS8 for F lt55

__

34 F25X = for F gt55

Stable Conditions (E-F)

cl) 113th= 26 wheres= _g__ lt~ + 001)us Ta

C-24

25 POLLUTANT TRANSPORT - SUBROUTINES POLLUT ADH

The transport dispersion and transformation of pollutants

is controlled by the subroutine POLLUT Each call to POLLUT adshy

vances the simulation one hour A flow diagram of POLLUT is shovrn

in Figure 6

The advectiondiffusion time step is calculated such that

the maximum normalized flux across any cell is le2s than alpha

ie

If the time step is too larfgte or too small an error message is

printed and the program stops The time step is further adjusted

such that N advection cycles end exactly on the hour

The subroutine then loops over N time steps

(~tmiddotN = 3600 seconds)

If multiple species chemistry is requested POLLUT checks to see

if each cell is either below terrain or contains a significant

amount of tracer concentration If not the background concentrashy

tion is loaded into the cell This procedure forces those cells

not affected by point or area sources to agree with the observed

background concentration distribution

The concentrations are stored in a temporary array and

then advecteddiffused in the X Y Z direction via sucessive calls

to subroutine ADH Point and area source emissions are added If multiple species chemistry is selected the updated concentrations

in each cell are subtracted from the stored (old) concentrations

to determine the flux into each cell If there is sufficient

tracer concentration in the cell (gt10- 3 ~gm3) the appropriate

chemistry subroutine (CHEM 3 CHEM 6 CHEM 15) is called and

returns with the updated concentration

C-25

lllld1middot11 MF 11 ME sn1

HdT ibullt1HO~~

r-A -

ZF Hbulli AV U middot middot ~UhirC

CONCEJTP1-~ 1x~

STU

CALCU LTmiddot BAP 1 J i1 I 1

CONCEtTiW I _J-middot

INERT POLL UTAN

lTPDATE fOUH A1F RAcE

( RETLIHN )

Figure 6 POLLUT Plow

C-26

ADD sotHc- 1middotrmi

lERFOHbulli MlILE SECIElt Clr-ITcTRx

( CHEMi CHE~6 1

CHEM5)

LOO OVERc~is

Diagram

Finally surface concentrations are accumulated to calculate the

hour-averaBed concentrntion field

Subroutine ADH solves the differential equation describshy

ing advection and diffusion of pollutant concentration ie

~~ = -V middotUC+ VmiddotK middotVC

The solution is performed seperately in each direction with the

form

ac == _ auc + a Kx ac at ax ax clX

The finite difference solution is basPd on a flux-corrected version

of Crowelys second-order advection scheme

n+l n n n Cmiddot1 =Ci+ Fi-~ Fmiddot+1 6tl 2

where

6x 26t

+ K middot+i (C 1middot - C+1 )AXXl i l

and

= ui+1middot 6t

1X

C-27

_____ _

0 I

N a 0 c a w gt 0 0 g

READ TITLE OPERATING PARAMETERS OPTION DATA itlLRFACE ROUGHNESS DATA ldegrERRAIN HEIGHTS

PRINT TITLE OPERA TING PARAMETERS OPTION DATA SURFACE ROUGHNESS DATA

CONTOUR AND PRINT SURFACE ROUGHNESS TERRAIN HEIGHTS

READ CONTROL DATA twtND DATA lTABILITY DATA ~ACKGROUIJD CONCENTRATION DATA AREA SOURCE DATA tPOINT SOURCE DAT A

WRITE CONTROL OATA WIND DATA STABILITY DATA BACKGROUND CONCENTRATION AREA SOURCE DATA POINT SOURCE DATA

l CALCULATE w1rm FIELD

WIND FIELD CALCULATION ONLY

YES NO

L__

~~ ~

WIND FIELD

MODULE

(

~

diams CALCULATE DIFrUSION FIELD---- DIFFUSIVITY

~ FIELD MODULE

I CALCULATE POINT SOURCE PLUME RISE

l 13RIOG1 lt4 SOURCE TERM tVA ~ MODULESMCWlll) iSUCI lEXCHl

ADVECTIOi MODULECALCULATE POLLUTANT

POLLUT TRANSPORT AND CHEMISTRY

CALCULATE TIME STEP CALCULATE BACKGROUND (

~1 + ftNPUT SOURCE EMISSIONS _

LTRANSPORT POLLUANTS -]ti diams w

CHEMISTRY- a w gt NO YES

middotCt~M 0 - middotC1gtI 6

ol iuPDATE HOUR AVERAGE 0

(jt(t ~ ~~-

llt4lLCONCENTRATIONS

-+ CONTOUR AND PRINT (WIND FIELD - u v w ~ DIFFUSIONFIELO- KK ~~_J CHEMISTRYcoNCENTRATION FltLD

MODULES SURFACE WIN[) FIELD - u v w

rdegsURFACE CONCENTRATION FIELD ~ rsuRFACE HOUR AVERAGE ~L~l CONCENTRATION FIELD

NOTE PARE-lTHESES INDICATE OPrlONS NOT CURRENTLY AVhlLgtB~E

Figure 1 Macro-Flow Diagram of IMPACT

IMPACT is written in FORTRAN IV and should be transfershy

able to any computer system supporting a middotFORTRAN IV compiler It

is currently running on IBM 370108 and DEC-10 systems

C-3

2 PROGRAM ROUTINES

The IMPACT code is designed to solve the follouing conshy

servation of mass equation

ac auc- ave awC1middot1 - 1 - l -

at = ~ cly az

advection

diffusion

+ a c + s middot1cclJ J lJ ( 1 J

source term chemistry

where

c = the concentration of the i th pollution speciesl

uvw = the three-dimensional flow field vectors

KxKyKz = the three-dimensional eddy diffusivity

Smiddotl = the source term for the i th pollutant species

aS the chemical rate constants for the first and

second order chemical reactions

A flow diazram by subroutine for the IMPACT code is

shown in Figure 2 The shaded subroutines represent the major comshy

ponents of the code the remainder of routines direct program flow

and process input and output data A brief definition and a desshy

cription of the inputs and outputs for each subroutine in IMPACT

is listed in Table 1 A description of the program common block

the five major subroutines and the inputoutput routines conclude

this section

C-4

ENTEH

READEM

()

~ 0 r 0 (L

gt0

p 0 0i

DEFINE

bullbullbullbullmiddotbullbulliitrFUS

CONTUH

SUMMARY

PEIN IT

METSOn

bull

~iIJf1Eit)

POLLUT

OUTPUT CONTUR

PRINIT FINISH

STOP

Figure 2 IMPACT Flow Chart

C-5

Table 1 Description of Impact Subroutines

SUBROUUNE DESCRIPTION INPUTS OL~PJ7S

READEM

DEFINE

SUliIIARY

c-i I

deg

CQNTUR

PRINTIT

ViETSOR

MARIAH

DI ~-US

PLUMER

READ SPAE TIME INDEPENDE~T QUANTITIES OPTION ETC

ESTA3LISH USEFUL INVARIANT QUANTITIES FOR LATER PROGRAM EFFICIENCY

PRINT A SUMMARY OF TEE INITIAL STATE OF THE SYSTEM READ TERRAIN AND SURFACE ROJG-NESS DATA

PRIN CONTOUR PLOTS FROM ANY UBMTTED 2-D OR 3-D A~RA

PRINTS THE FIELD ARRAYS TO THE FIRST TWO SIGNIFICANT DIGITS FRO~ ANY SUS~ITTED 2-D OR 3-D ARRAY

HOURLY READS THE METEOROLOGIshyCAL SOURCE AND BACKGROUND DATA PRINTS SUM~ARY OP IJPUT DflTA 2~VERTS INPUT E~SSIONS ~RO~ GSEC TO SEC

CONTAI~S THE S~BROGRAM ~ES~ INTERPOLA7ES WIND STAcILIT DATA CREATES DIERGENCE-REE WIND fltISLD CJNSSTE~T ~TH WIND DATA STAB=LTY D~A amp ~RRAIN

CREATS2 A JIPUS[VITY FIELD BAS2D ON EITiER THE MR OR DEICT MODE_s

DEIERrnss E OINT SOJRCE PLJ~E RISS BASED ON 3RIGGS OR TVA ~CDELS 0 ~ jf middot_~ =--~SC L ~ J DAi

NONE

GRID SIZE CELL SIZE ElC

TERRAIN DATA SURPACE ROUGHNESS DATA PROGRAM INVARIANTS

ANY -DOR 3-D ARRAY

ANY 2-D or 3-D ARRAY

WIND Sh3I~TY POI~1~ ~OJCE AREA SCURCI BACKGROuilD DATA

WIND AND STAHLTY DATA TERRAI~ DATA

WIND AND STABIL=~v PIELDS TERRAIN A~ SURPACE ROUGHNES~ DATA

WIND AND STA~LY F~EJos ~EP~t POTN7 ~O~PC~ 2A~A

Gf~lC s~z~ CP~C~S ETC

1Ax lAx2 etc

INTERGERIZED TERRA~ ARRAY INT2ROLATED S~RFACE ROCGHNESS ARRAY FRINTS AND EDTS OF INi7IAL DATA

-middotmiddot~1middot-R Forrs

PE~H =~ur-=-2

~ 5c~middotc~ A2 3~~J~~~ t7A

--~~ middot=gt __~ s---i3=~-- ~A3

=-= middot ~-r---middot ~~s

is~~middot o~ ~-~ c= z--- middotmiddotmiddoto

i

I i I I I I i

I

I

I

I

i __j

Table 1 Description of Impact Subroutines (Continued)

3lJBR0iJ7lU~ DESCRITION IWJTS OUTUTS

() I

1

~CLLj7

AD

=~- 3

SiE6

~~E~l5

cr~pr_ir

=~ ~

CALCULATES OLLU~ANT 7RA~SORT DIFFUSION S0UCSS AND CHE~STRY CA~S~~A7ES AVERAGE SURFACE J~C~~EA~X

JDAE2 POL~U7Al~T CONC2Nshyt-=-0 D7JS T-- AJVEClO~~ J-i-J Umiddot~j~Qi middot--~ A ~r_~middot~~middot-(1RD2i CRC~~r_middotmiddot ~~ J ~ ~~middot~ ~__ 2 P 12 C middot

cr=r~_middotp_~~ ~~~ 3C2 - middot-~4-=p_~=J~-~_r -li- f ~c~-J - c J~L

~s~~ES ~~pound ~~s ~078CH~~=cA~ ~r~- ~=~G 5 JC~E ~~s~--____ _ - )-~

_~~=-~ ~- r~-r----~~=--middot~=middot ~--=~=c~~-=cA su=- __ J

-~ ~C7VE SECES

z~J _c~3 r s_middotbullViAEi J middotis -~~_J _2_famiddot2 --OJR A~JJ~ P~~~R ~275 ~5 ~ECEJ - --~ ~~~ c~~0~ J~~

WIND AND DIfSIVITY FIELDS EMISSIONS 3ACKGROUND CONCENTRAshyT~CKS Pos~=o~ 8 E~~VA7ED L~XES

~~ =~SlV~~~ c8 SJ~ c~--=- _ ~-= -middot ~_o

Cmiddot~=_middot_middot~gt-- middot~-~-=--~c(2 ~~z~s r i

SJ~SCES

C~i middot_middotr _t_~-_ _ - _-A- ~=bull~ _middot_bullr-r~bull

~rbullbull= -

_ ~- - r - - -~ middot- - - - - -

i~middot-2 x -__

-~-~--~ --

~-- =~ J~ y - -~ J-= -middot-middotmiddot_middot _ =-=-~ ~~ -3 = ~ ~middot =middot=middot -~ --middot~ -=-= ~gt

~-~~

POLLUTANT CDNCEKTR~IO~S IN TIME AND SPACE

~PDA~2J POLLUTA~T CCNCEN~RA7IDN FIELD

~~~~SJ PCLL~TA~T J~cs~RA~IQ~S

~FDA~~D S~~~A~~ cs c --1~= 0~s

JA~~J ~LC~h~T 22~CEX~RA~o~3

---3 A~- c-=r~-_1~3 shymiddot~_ R_ -

~i~S ~C ~~ 0A~ middot---~ middot-=

21 COMMON

There are three blocks of common data used in IMPACT

The first block SCALER contains all the scaler quantities

shared between subroutines The second block ONETWO contains

all the one and two-dimensional arrays that remain invarient from

problem to problem These common blocks are found in all subshy

routines except ADH CHEM3 CHEM6 CHEM15 and FINISH The

third common stock TREFOR contains the two t11ree and fourshy

dimensionalmiddot arrays that may change size from problem to problem

Rather than include this common stock in every subroutine the

common appears only in the main program and is passed to other

subroutines via the subroutine call statement Thus the user

can vary the size of the problem with a minirnum of effort (See

section 41 for a discussion on modifing the TREFOR common

block)

A glossary of common variables is given in Table 2

C-8

Table 2 Definition 6f Variables Used in COMMON

COMMONSCALAR

DX = cell size x-direction DY = cell size y-direction DZ = cell size z-direction NX = number of cells x-direction NY = number of cells y-direction NZ= number of cells z-direction NXPl = NX+l NYPl = NY+l NZPl = NZ+l NXMl = NX-1 NYMl = NY-1 NZMl = NZ-1 NUMEWD = number of wind stations TIMEND = (not currently implemented) NUMCEM = number of chemicals NUMESD = number of stability profile locations NUMHRS = number of hours simulated NUtLEPS = number of point sources NUYiASD = number of area sources NOWTIM - current hour IDOWND = wind model flag IDOCEM = chemistry model flag IDODIF = diffusion model flag IDOPLT = surface plot flag NUMBCP = number of background concentration points TGRND = temperature of ground SOLAR= flux PRESR = ambient pressure AMBCO = CO concentration ppm AMH20 =middotwater vapor concentration ppm SIMTIM = same as NOWTIM IDOPRN = print flag IDOCAL = Calcomp plotter flag IDT= number of time steps per hour HRSAVG = number of hours to be averaged DXI2 = lnx2 DYI2 = lDY2 DZI2 = lnz2 DXI == 1DX DYI = 1DYDZI = 1DZ NS= number of species NUMSRD = number of surface roughness data IDOPLM = plume rise model flagmiddot DT = time step size IDOSUR = surface plot flag

C-9

DX2 = nx2 DY2 = DY2 DZ2 = nz2 NOWEWD = time at which next wind station data read NOv7ESD = time at which next stability profile data read NOWEPS = time at which next point source data read NOWASD = time at which next area source data read NOWBCP = time at which next background concentration

data read

COMMONONETWO

EPS = point source emission array UDH = specified plume rise array -DH= plume rise array CC= cellular concentration SS = cellular source array ISKIP = subroutine control flag array IEW = I-location of wind data JEW= J-location of wind data EWS =wind speed array EWD = wind direction array EW = wind-weight array WV= measured wind speed v-direction IES = I-location of stability data JES= J-location of stability data ESS = stability profile array WU= measured wind speed u-direction IBC = I-location of badqffound concentration JBC = J-location of background concentration EBC background concentration array IPS = I-location of source JPS= J-location of source KPS = K-location of source IZO = I-location of surface roughness HPS stack height array TPS = stack gas temperature array VPS = stack volume flow array DPS= stack diameter array SPS = exhaust veJocity of stack ISS = I-location of stack JSS = J-locations of stack SSS = (not implemented) TITLE= title of run TITL = titles of field arrays JZO = J-location of surface roughness ZO = surface roughness array ILAS = low I-location of area source IHAS = high I-location of area source JLAS = low J-location of area source JHAS -- high J-location of area source EAS = area source emission array

C-10

CEMNAM = chemistry array EPST = point source emission array EAST= area source emission array

COMMON TREFOR

C = concentration arrayCA= averaged surface concentration array CT= temporary concentration array U = u-velocity V = vvelocity W = w (vertical) velocity EX= horizontal diffusivity x-direction EY = horizontal diffusivity y-direction EZ = vertical diffusivity z-direction STAB= stability array HT= terrain height array ZO = surface roughness array IHT - integerized height array

C-11

2 2 WEST WIND FIELD MODEL - SUBROUTINE MARLtlI

IMPACT is designed to be used with as little or much

data as is available since possible applications rRnge from

unmonitored wilderness to intensively instrumented research areas

Thus the wind field uses any and all available data with its

accuracy improving with increased usable data

The wind field development is diagramed in Figure 3

Atmospheric stability data are interpolated via a lr4 weightini

to produce a stability field over the computation 1 domain (10 =

A itability 70 = G stability) Wind observations are prcijected

upwards from the point measured through the portion of the grid

without any measurement Such projected data are weighted as

0001 compared with user-specified weighting of from 10 to 00

The projections are based on a power law extrapolation

of the form

for speeds Sand S0 at vertical coordinates Z 2nd Z0 respectiveshy

ly with P determined by linear interpolati0n from the following

table

A B C D E F GStability Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

p 15 17 20 26 39 48 54

The maximum wind speed allowed is 20 msec and the inishy

tial 2 0 is assumed equal to AZ2 After the wind speeds are proshy

jected upwards the wind speed and direction are resolved into U

and V vector components at every wind data site Next the entire

wind field is developed via a weighted lr2 interpolation of the

vertical profiles for each horizontal plane Up to this point

terrain has not been considered Terrain first enters by shifting

C-12

ENTER

lr4 INTERPOLATION OF STABILITY

RESOLVE AND EX1RAPOLATE

WIND PROFILES

lr2 INlERPOLATION

ADD TERRAIN

ADJUST BOUNDARY

VELOCITIES

ITERATE lO REMOVE DIVERGENCE

CALCULA E DIVERGENCE

MODIFY VELOCITY FIELD

WEIGHTED AVERAGE WITH INPUT PROFILES

REMOVE RESIDUAL

DIVERGENCE

SET TRANSPARENCIES l

( RETURN)

ZERO OBSTACLE TRANSPARENCIES

Figure 3 MARIAH Flow Diagram

C-13

The subrol

eight corners for j

profiles are incorf

aging of the iterat

iterative cycles c

of the grid This 1-xnri

lJODE=l

MH i J HCJLL

( NO[ YET l MPLEfbulllUJjJ-ll)

CALClLATJ- middot STAlll LlY SPEED L~middot~t~T

o OUT lJLmiddotliSJ BELO- TJ-HH TL

0 0 0 -1

CALCULATE v=RlICAL Drmiddotsros

L00f OVUlt VERmiddot1-AL Cl-LJS

CALCULATE HORIZONTAL

DIFliSION

RETL1RN

Figure 11 DIPFUS Flow Diagram

C-18

where

Z is the heighi above the gcound

Lis the Monin-Obukhov length and

u~ is the friction velocity

and

u~ == (0 35) Uo m((Z rl 0) (7 w+l 0)) + 2 0 tar (Z w) 1- ((Z 0 -l0)(Z 0 +10)) - 20 tan (Z 0 ) for Llt0

Zw = (10 - 15 ZwL)l 4

Z0 L) 114Z 0 == (10 - 15

U0 is wind speed at a he~ght Zw above the surface and

Zw = 622

The vertical diffusivity Dis further modified by the

function

D = D + (11 - ZZIBSE)

when 01 ZIBSE ltZlt 11 ZIBSE

For the second case (inside an elevated inversion) the

surface wind speedmiddot is set to 3 0 m sec the Monin-Ob 1 1khov length

is set to 200 and Z (the height above the surface) is measured

from ZIBSE

Above the elevated inversion the third case neutral

stability is assumed and Z is measured from the top of the invershy

sion ZITOP The vertical diffusion is then limited by 0001 m2sec

~ D ~ 1000 m2sec and assigned to the top face of the cell

C-19

The vertical diffusivity as calculalcd by Lhe DJ-JgtICT

model (Smith 1971) is more strai3htforward

where

U is the wind speed at the point of interest

aE is the standard deviation of the wind vane

fluctuation - 0E is empirically related to stability

as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 S 6---J __CT_E----+--_2_6_2--_-2_3_7___-1-84--_-1_1_9____-0-56--_-Q-~_-_]

i is the turbulence length scale (meters) and is

empirically related to stability as follows

---------------middot------------------middot-1Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

t 105 85 74 64 59 54

The horizontal diffusivities are calculated for either

diffusion option using the relation DH= aDv where a depends on

on stability as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

a 5 75 105 1 35 1 70 20

(See Figure 4-11 in the main report)

The location of the related stability vertical diffusivity and

horizontal diffusivity parameters are indicated below

C-20

vertical ____Lusivity Stabilityhorizontal

diffusivity bull

Because the diffusivities are face-centered the vertical stashy

bility is offset one-half cell above the cell center the horishy

zontal diffusivity is offset one-half cell to the left of the

cell center

C-21

24 PLUME RISE MODELS - SUBROUTINE PLUMER

The user is given the option of selecting the Briggs

1974 plume rise model the Briggs 1967 plume rise model or the

TVA plume rise model or spccifyin2i either U(tih) or Ah A flow

diagram of PLUMER is shown in Figure 5 The subroutine loops over

each source and checks whether or not the source is inside the

grid If the source is outside the grid an error rn~ssage is

printed and that source is ignored If the user has specified

AH (IDO PLM = 8) the total plume rise (H + 6H) i~ determined 0nd

the cell in which to insert the point source emissior1s is t~lcushy

lated If U(Ah) is specified (IDOPLM = 7) the velocity at the

top of the stack is calculated and AH= UAHU For either Bri~ps

model (IDOPLM = 12) and the TVA model (1DOPLM = 3) the buoyancy

parameter F and the temperature gradient at the top of the stack

are determined The plume rise 6h is calculated as described in

the following paragraphs

TVA ]974

Buoyancy F = gV (T0 -Ta)T0

where 2 g is the gravitation acceleration (98 msec )

Vis the initial volume flux divided by TI (m3sec)2

(also equal to wr where w is the exit velocity

and r is the stack inside radius)

T is the stack gas temperature (degK)0

Ta is the ambient ternpe~ature at the stack (degK) for

neutral and stable conditions

For a distance of 1824 meters (a presumed final rise)

the plume rise is calculated from

Fl36h = 173 -u- exp (-64 (3T3z + 001))

C-22

CALCULli~ VELOCITY ~T TOP l

OF STACK U=Uo(ZZol

CALCULATE BUOYANCY

TEMP GRAD

TVA

Ci~L1UJfTE

1oor OVEH

~ ~

DEiElWJNimiddot K CC(1]) I iJ YE

bullHIlE VALUES

SOUHCES

HETUHN

Figure 5 Plumer Flow Diagram

C-23

J3riggs 1967

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

where h8

is the stack height

Stable Conditions (E-F)

lih = 29 CJ~)lJ where s = t c + 001)

Briggs 1974

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

Fl3 --)23th = 1 6 -- (35 X u

middotwhere x = 14 FS8 for F lt55

__

34 F25X = for F gt55

Stable Conditions (E-F)

cl) 113th= 26 wheres= _g__ lt~ + 001)us Ta

C-24

25 POLLUTANT TRANSPORT - SUBROUTINES POLLUT ADH

The transport dispersion and transformation of pollutants

is controlled by the subroutine POLLUT Each call to POLLUT adshy

vances the simulation one hour A flow diagram of POLLUT is shovrn

in Figure 6

The advectiondiffusion time step is calculated such that

the maximum normalized flux across any cell is le2s than alpha

ie

If the time step is too larfgte or too small an error message is

printed and the program stops The time step is further adjusted

such that N advection cycles end exactly on the hour

The subroutine then loops over N time steps

(~tmiddotN = 3600 seconds)

If multiple species chemistry is requested POLLUT checks to see

if each cell is either below terrain or contains a significant

amount of tracer concentration If not the background concentrashy

tion is loaded into the cell This procedure forces those cells

not affected by point or area sources to agree with the observed

background concentration distribution

The concentrations are stored in a temporary array and

then advecteddiffused in the X Y Z direction via sucessive calls

to subroutine ADH Point and area source emissions are added If multiple species chemistry is selected the updated concentrations

in each cell are subtracted from the stored (old) concentrations

to determine the flux into each cell If there is sufficient

tracer concentration in the cell (gt10- 3 ~gm3) the appropriate

chemistry subroutine (CHEM 3 CHEM 6 CHEM 15) is called and

returns with the updated concentration

C-25

lllld1middot11 MF 11 ME sn1

HdT ibullt1HO~~

r-A -

ZF Hbulli AV U middot middot ~UhirC

CONCEJTP1-~ 1x~

STU

CALCU LTmiddot BAP 1 J i1 I 1

CONCEtTiW I _J-middot

INERT POLL UTAN

lTPDATE fOUH A1F RAcE

( RETLIHN )

Figure 6 POLLUT Plow

C-26

ADD sotHc- 1middotrmi

lERFOHbulli MlILE SECIElt Clr-ITcTRx

( CHEMi CHE~6 1

CHEM5)

LOO OVERc~is

Diagram

Finally surface concentrations are accumulated to calculate the

hour-averaBed concentrntion field

Subroutine ADH solves the differential equation describshy

ing advection and diffusion of pollutant concentration ie

~~ = -V middotUC+ VmiddotK middotVC

The solution is performed seperately in each direction with the

form

ac == _ auc + a Kx ac at ax ax clX

The finite difference solution is basPd on a flux-corrected version

of Crowelys second-order advection scheme

n+l n n n Cmiddot1 =Ci+ Fi-~ Fmiddot+1 6tl 2

where

6x 26t

+ K middot+i (C 1middot - C+1 )AXXl i l

and

= ui+1middot 6t

1X

C-27

IMPACT is written in FORTRAN IV and should be transfershy

able to any computer system supporting a middotFORTRAN IV compiler It

is currently running on IBM 370108 and DEC-10 systems

C-3

2 PROGRAM ROUTINES

The IMPACT code is designed to solve the follouing conshy

servation of mass equation

ac auc- ave awC1middot1 - 1 - l -

at = ~ cly az

advection

diffusion

+ a c + s middot1cclJ J lJ ( 1 J

source term chemistry

where

c = the concentration of the i th pollution speciesl

uvw = the three-dimensional flow field vectors

KxKyKz = the three-dimensional eddy diffusivity

Smiddotl = the source term for the i th pollutant species

aS the chemical rate constants for the first and

second order chemical reactions

A flow diazram by subroutine for the IMPACT code is

shown in Figure 2 The shaded subroutines represent the major comshy

ponents of the code the remainder of routines direct program flow

and process input and output data A brief definition and a desshy

cription of the inputs and outputs for each subroutine in IMPACT

is listed in Table 1 A description of the program common block

the five major subroutines and the inputoutput routines conclude

this section

C-4

ENTEH

READEM

()

~ 0 r 0 (L

gt0

p 0 0i

DEFINE

bullbullbullbullmiddotbullbulliitrFUS

CONTUH

SUMMARY

PEIN IT

METSOn

bull

~iIJf1Eit)

POLLUT

OUTPUT CONTUR

PRINIT FINISH

STOP

Figure 2 IMPACT Flow Chart

C-5

Table 1 Description of Impact Subroutines

SUBROUUNE DESCRIPTION INPUTS OL~PJ7S

READEM

DEFINE

SUliIIARY

c-i I

deg

CQNTUR

PRINTIT

ViETSOR

MARIAH

DI ~-US

PLUMER

READ SPAE TIME INDEPENDE~T QUANTITIES OPTION ETC

ESTA3LISH USEFUL INVARIANT QUANTITIES FOR LATER PROGRAM EFFICIENCY

PRINT A SUMMARY OF TEE INITIAL STATE OF THE SYSTEM READ TERRAIN AND SURFACE ROJG-NESS DATA

PRIN CONTOUR PLOTS FROM ANY UBMTTED 2-D OR 3-D A~RA

PRINTS THE FIELD ARRAYS TO THE FIRST TWO SIGNIFICANT DIGITS FRO~ ANY SUS~ITTED 2-D OR 3-D ARRAY

HOURLY READS THE METEOROLOGIshyCAL SOURCE AND BACKGROUND DATA PRINTS SUM~ARY OP IJPUT DflTA 2~VERTS INPUT E~SSIONS ~RO~ GSEC TO SEC

CONTAI~S THE S~BROGRAM ~ES~ INTERPOLA7ES WIND STAcILIT DATA CREATES DIERGENCE-REE WIND fltISLD CJNSSTE~T ~TH WIND DATA STAB=LTY D~A amp ~RRAIN

CREATS2 A JIPUS[VITY FIELD BAS2D ON EITiER THE MR OR DEICT MODE_s

DEIERrnss E OINT SOJRCE PLJ~E RISS BASED ON 3RIGGS OR TVA ~CDELS 0 ~ jf middot_~ =--~SC L ~ J DAi

NONE

GRID SIZE CELL SIZE ElC

TERRAIN DATA SURPACE ROUGHNESS DATA PROGRAM INVARIANTS

ANY -DOR 3-D ARRAY

ANY 2-D or 3-D ARRAY

WIND Sh3I~TY POI~1~ ~OJCE AREA SCURCI BACKGROuilD DATA

WIND AND STAHLTY DATA TERRAI~ DATA

WIND AND STABIL=~v PIELDS TERRAIN A~ SURPACE ROUGHNES~ DATA

WIND AND STA~LY F~EJos ~EP~t POTN7 ~O~PC~ 2A~A

Gf~lC s~z~ CP~C~S ETC

1Ax lAx2 etc

INTERGERIZED TERRA~ ARRAY INT2ROLATED S~RFACE ROCGHNESS ARRAY FRINTS AND EDTS OF INi7IAL DATA

-middotmiddot~1middot-R Forrs

PE~H =~ur-=-2

~ 5c~middotc~ A2 3~~J~~~ t7A

--~~ middot=gt __~ s---i3=~-- ~A3

=-= middot ~-r---middot ~~s

is~~middot o~ ~-~ c= z--- middotmiddotmiddoto

i

I i I I I I i

I

I

I

I

i __j

Table 1 Description of Impact Subroutines (Continued)

3lJBR0iJ7lU~ DESCRITION IWJTS OUTUTS

() I

1

~CLLj7

AD

=~- 3

SiE6

~~E~l5

cr~pr_ir

=~ ~

CALCULATES OLLU~ANT 7RA~SORT DIFFUSION S0UCSS AND CHE~STRY CA~S~~A7ES AVERAGE SURFACE J~C~~EA~X

JDAE2 POL~U7Al~T CONC2Nshyt-=-0 D7JS T-- AJVEClO~~ J-i-J Umiddot~j~Qi middot--~ A ~r_~middot~~middot-(1RD2i CRC~~r_middotmiddot ~~ J ~ ~~middot~ ~__ 2 P 12 C middot

cr=r~_middotp_~~ ~~~ 3C2 - middot-~4-=p_~=J~-~_r -li- f ~c~-J - c J~L

~s~~ES ~~pound ~~s ~078CH~~=cA~ ~r~- ~=~G 5 JC~E ~~s~--____ _ - )-~

_~~=-~ ~- r~-r----~~=--middot~=middot ~--=~=c~~-=cA su=- __ J

-~ ~C7VE SECES

z~J _c~3 r s_middotbullViAEi J middotis -~~_J _2_famiddot2 --OJR A~JJ~ P~~~R ~275 ~5 ~ECEJ - --~ ~~~ c~~0~ J~~

WIND AND DIfSIVITY FIELDS EMISSIONS 3ACKGROUND CONCENTRAshyT~CKS Pos~=o~ 8 E~~VA7ED L~XES

~~ =~SlV~~~ c8 SJ~ c~--=- _ ~-= -middot ~_o

Cmiddot~=_middot_middot~gt-- middot~-~-=--~c(2 ~~z~s r i

SJ~SCES

C~i middot_middotr _t_~-_ _ - _-A- ~=bull~ _middot_bullr-r~bull

~rbullbull= -

_ ~- - r - - -~ middot- - - - - -

i~middot-2 x -__

-~-~--~ --

~-- =~ J~ y - -~ J-= -middot-middotmiddot_middot _ =-=-~ ~~ -3 = ~ ~middot =middot=middot -~ --middot~ -=-= ~gt

~-~~

POLLUTANT CDNCEKTR~IO~S IN TIME AND SPACE

~PDA~2J POLLUTA~T CCNCEN~RA7IDN FIELD

~~~~SJ PCLL~TA~T J~cs~RA~IQ~S

~FDA~~D S~~~A~~ cs c --1~= 0~s

JA~~J ~LC~h~T 22~CEX~RA~o~3

---3 A~- c-=r~-_1~3 shymiddot~_ R_ -

~i~S ~C ~~ 0A~ middot---~ middot-=

21 COMMON

There are three blocks of common data used in IMPACT

The first block SCALER contains all the scaler quantities

shared between subroutines The second block ONETWO contains

all the one and two-dimensional arrays that remain invarient from

problem to problem These common blocks are found in all subshy

routines except ADH CHEM3 CHEM6 CHEM15 and FINISH The

third common stock TREFOR contains the two t11ree and fourshy

dimensionalmiddot arrays that may change size from problem to problem

Rather than include this common stock in every subroutine the

common appears only in the main program and is passed to other

subroutines via the subroutine call statement Thus the user

can vary the size of the problem with a minirnum of effort (See

section 41 for a discussion on modifing the TREFOR common

block)

A glossary of common variables is given in Table 2

C-8

Table 2 Definition 6f Variables Used in COMMON

COMMONSCALAR

DX = cell size x-direction DY = cell size y-direction DZ = cell size z-direction NX = number of cells x-direction NY = number of cells y-direction NZ= number of cells z-direction NXPl = NX+l NYPl = NY+l NZPl = NZ+l NXMl = NX-1 NYMl = NY-1 NZMl = NZ-1 NUMEWD = number of wind stations TIMEND = (not currently implemented) NUMCEM = number of chemicals NUMESD = number of stability profile locations NUMHRS = number of hours simulated NUtLEPS = number of point sources NUYiASD = number of area sources NOWTIM - current hour IDOWND = wind model flag IDOCEM = chemistry model flag IDODIF = diffusion model flag IDOPLT = surface plot flag NUMBCP = number of background concentration points TGRND = temperature of ground SOLAR= flux PRESR = ambient pressure AMBCO = CO concentration ppm AMH20 =middotwater vapor concentration ppm SIMTIM = same as NOWTIM IDOPRN = print flag IDOCAL = Calcomp plotter flag IDT= number of time steps per hour HRSAVG = number of hours to be averaged DXI2 = lnx2 DYI2 = lDY2 DZI2 = lnz2 DXI == 1DX DYI = 1DYDZI = 1DZ NS= number of species NUMSRD = number of surface roughness data IDOPLM = plume rise model flagmiddot DT = time step size IDOSUR = surface plot flag

C-9

DX2 = nx2 DY2 = DY2 DZ2 = nz2 NOWEWD = time at which next wind station data read NOv7ESD = time at which next stability profile data read NOWEPS = time at which next point source data read NOWASD = time at which next area source data read NOWBCP = time at which next background concentration

data read

COMMONONETWO

EPS = point source emission array UDH = specified plume rise array -DH= plume rise array CC= cellular concentration SS = cellular source array ISKIP = subroutine control flag array IEW = I-location of wind data JEW= J-location of wind data EWS =wind speed array EWD = wind direction array EW = wind-weight array WV= measured wind speed v-direction IES = I-location of stability data JES= J-location of stability data ESS = stability profile array WU= measured wind speed u-direction IBC = I-location of badqffound concentration JBC = J-location of background concentration EBC background concentration array IPS = I-location of source JPS= J-location of source KPS = K-location of source IZO = I-location of surface roughness HPS stack height array TPS = stack gas temperature array VPS = stack volume flow array DPS= stack diameter array SPS = exhaust veJocity of stack ISS = I-location of stack JSS = J-locations of stack SSS = (not implemented) TITLE= title of run TITL = titles of field arrays JZO = J-location of surface roughness ZO = surface roughness array ILAS = low I-location of area source IHAS = high I-location of area source JLAS = low J-location of area source JHAS -- high J-location of area source EAS = area source emission array

C-10

CEMNAM = chemistry array EPST = point source emission array EAST= area source emission array

COMMON TREFOR

C = concentration arrayCA= averaged surface concentration array CT= temporary concentration array U = u-velocity V = vvelocity W = w (vertical) velocity EX= horizontal diffusivity x-direction EY = horizontal diffusivity y-direction EZ = vertical diffusivity z-direction STAB= stability array HT= terrain height array ZO = surface roughness array IHT - integerized height array

C-11

2 2 WEST WIND FIELD MODEL - SUBROUTINE MARLtlI

IMPACT is designed to be used with as little or much

data as is available since possible applications rRnge from

unmonitored wilderness to intensively instrumented research areas

Thus the wind field uses any and all available data with its

accuracy improving with increased usable data

The wind field development is diagramed in Figure 3

Atmospheric stability data are interpolated via a lr4 weightini

to produce a stability field over the computation 1 domain (10 =

A itability 70 = G stability) Wind observations are prcijected

upwards from the point measured through the portion of the grid

without any measurement Such projected data are weighted as

0001 compared with user-specified weighting of from 10 to 00

The projections are based on a power law extrapolation

of the form

for speeds Sand S0 at vertical coordinates Z 2nd Z0 respectiveshy

ly with P determined by linear interpolati0n from the following

table

A B C D E F GStability Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

p 15 17 20 26 39 48 54

The maximum wind speed allowed is 20 msec and the inishy

tial 2 0 is assumed equal to AZ2 After the wind speeds are proshy

jected upwards the wind speed and direction are resolved into U

and V vector components at every wind data site Next the entire

wind field is developed via a weighted lr2 interpolation of the

vertical profiles for each horizontal plane Up to this point

terrain has not been considered Terrain first enters by shifting

C-12

ENTER

lr4 INTERPOLATION OF STABILITY

RESOLVE AND EX1RAPOLATE

WIND PROFILES

lr2 INlERPOLATION

ADD TERRAIN

ADJUST BOUNDARY

VELOCITIES

ITERATE lO REMOVE DIVERGENCE

CALCULA E DIVERGENCE

MODIFY VELOCITY FIELD

WEIGHTED AVERAGE WITH INPUT PROFILES

REMOVE RESIDUAL

DIVERGENCE

SET TRANSPARENCIES l

( RETURN)

ZERO OBSTACLE TRANSPARENCIES

Figure 3 MARIAH Flow Diagram

C-13

The subrol

eight corners for j

profiles are incorf

aging of the iterat

iterative cycles c

of the grid This 1-xnri

lJODE=l

MH i J HCJLL

( NO[ YET l MPLEfbulllUJjJ-ll)

CALClLATJ- middot STAlll LlY SPEED L~middot~t~T

o OUT lJLmiddotliSJ BELO- TJ-HH TL

0 0 0 -1

CALCULATE v=RlICAL Drmiddotsros

L00f OVUlt VERmiddot1-AL Cl-LJS

CALCULATE HORIZONTAL

DIFliSION

RETL1RN

Figure 11 DIPFUS Flow Diagram

C-18

where

Z is the heighi above the gcound

Lis the Monin-Obukhov length and

u~ is the friction velocity

and

u~ == (0 35) Uo m((Z rl 0) (7 w+l 0)) + 2 0 tar (Z w) 1- ((Z 0 -l0)(Z 0 +10)) - 20 tan (Z 0 ) for Llt0

Zw = (10 - 15 ZwL)l 4

Z0 L) 114Z 0 == (10 - 15

U0 is wind speed at a he~ght Zw above the surface and

Zw = 622

The vertical diffusivity Dis further modified by the

function

D = D + (11 - ZZIBSE)

when 01 ZIBSE ltZlt 11 ZIBSE

For the second case (inside an elevated inversion) the

surface wind speedmiddot is set to 3 0 m sec the Monin-Ob 1 1khov length

is set to 200 and Z (the height above the surface) is measured

from ZIBSE

Above the elevated inversion the third case neutral

stability is assumed and Z is measured from the top of the invershy

sion ZITOP The vertical diffusion is then limited by 0001 m2sec

~ D ~ 1000 m2sec and assigned to the top face of the cell

C-19

The vertical diffusivity as calculalcd by Lhe DJ-JgtICT

model (Smith 1971) is more strai3htforward

where

U is the wind speed at the point of interest

aE is the standard deviation of the wind vane

fluctuation - 0E is empirically related to stability

as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 S 6---J __CT_E----+--_2_6_2--_-2_3_7___-1-84--_-1_1_9____-0-56--_-Q-~_-_]

i is the turbulence length scale (meters) and is

empirically related to stability as follows

---------------middot------------------middot-1Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

t 105 85 74 64 59 54

The horizontal diffusivities are calculated for either

diffusion option using the relation DH= aDv where a depends on

on stability as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

a 5 75 105 1 35 1 70 20

(See Figure 4-11 in the main report)

The location of the related stability vertical diffusivity and

horizontal diffusivity parameters are indicated below

C-20

vertical ____Lusivity Stabilityhorizontal

diffusivity bull

Because the diffusivities are face-centered the vertical stashy

bility is offset one-half cell above the cell center the horishy

zontal diffusivity is offset one-half cell to the left of the

cell center

C-21

24 PLUME RISE MODELS - SUBROUTINE PLUMER

The user is given the option of selecting the Briggs

1974 plume rise model the Briggs 1967 plume rise model or the

TVA plume rise model or spccifyin2i either U(tih) or Ah A flow

diagram of PLUMER is shown in Figure 5 The subroutine loops over

each source and checks whether or not the source is inside the

grid If the source is outside the grid an error rn~ssage is

printed and that source is ignored If the user has specified

AH (IDO PLM = 8) the total plume rise (H + 6H) i~ determined 0nd

the cell in which to insert the point source emissior1s is t~lcushy

lated If U(Ah) is specified (IDOPLM = 7) the velocity at the

top of the stack is calculated and AH= UAHU For either Bri~ps

model (IDOPLM = 12) and the TVA model (1DOPLM = 3) the buoyancy

parameter F and the temperature gradient at the top of the stack

are determined The plume rise 6h is calculated as described in

the following paragraphs

TVA ]974

Buoyancy F = gV (T0 -Ta)T0

where 2 g is the gravitation acceleration (98 msec )

Vis the initial volume flux divided by TI (m3sec)2

(also equal to wr where w is the exit velocity

and r is the stack inside radius)

T is the stack gas temperature (degK)0

Ta is the ambient ternpe~ature at the stack (degK) for

neutral and stable conditions

For a distance of 1824 meters (a presumed final rise)

the plume rise is calculated from

Fl36h = 173 -u- exp (-64 (3T3z + 001))

C-22

CALCULli~ VELOCITY ~T TOP l

OF STACK U=Uo(ZZol

CALCULATE BUOYANCY

TEMP GRAD

TVA

Ci~L1UJfTE

1oor OVEH

~ ~

DEiElWJNimiddot K CC(1]) I iJ YE

bullHIlE VALUES

SOUHCES

HETUHN

Figure 5 Plumer Flow Diagram

C-23

J3riggs 1967

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

where h8

is the stack height

Stable Conditions (E-F)

lih = 29 CJ~)lJ where s = t c + 001)

Briggs 1974

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

Fl3 --)23th = 1 6 -- (35 X u

middotwhere x = 14 FS8 for F lt55

__

34 F25X = for F gt55

Stable Conditions (E-F)

cl) 113th= 26 wheres= _g__ lt~ + 001)us Ta

C-24

25 POLLUTANT TRANSPORT - SUBROUTINES POLLUT ADH

The transport dispersion and transformation of pollutants

is controlled by the subroutine POLLUT Each call to POLLUT adshy

vances the simulation one hour A flow diagram of POLLUT is shovrn

in Figure 6

The advectiondiffusion time step is calculated such that

the maximum normalized flux across any cell is le2s than alpha

ie

If the time step is too larfgte or too small an error message is

printed and the program stops The time step is further adjusted

such that N advection cycles end exactly on the hour

The subroutine then loops over N time steps

(~tmiddotN = 3600 seconds)

If multiple species chemistry is requested POLLUT checks to see

if each cell is either below terrain or contains a significant

amount of tracer concentration If not the background concentrashy

tion is loaded into the cell This procedure forces those cells

not affected by point or area sources to agree with the observed

background concentration distribution

The concentrations are stored in a temporary array and

then advecteddiffused in the X Y Z direction via sucessive calls

to subroutine ADH Point and area source emissions are added If multiple species chemistry is selected the updated concentrations

in each cell are subtracted from the stored (old) concentrations

to determine the flux into each cell If there is sufficient

tracer concentration in the cell (gt10- 3 ~gm3) the appropriate

chemistry subroutine (CHEM 3 CHEM 6 CHEM 15) is called and

returns with the updated concentration

C-25

lllld1middot11 MF 11 ME sn1

HdT ibullt1HO~~

r-A -

ZF Hbulli AV U middot middot ~UhirC

CONCEJTP1-~ 1x~

STU

CALCU LTmiddot BAP 1 J i1 I 1

CONCEtTiW I _J-middot

INERT POLL UTAN

lTPDATE fOUH A1F RAcE

( RETLIHN )

Figure 6 POLLUT Plow

C-26

ADD sotHc- 1middotrmi

lERFOHbulli MlILE SECIElt Clr-ITcTRx

( CHEMi CHE~6 1

CHEM5)

LOO OVERc~is

Diagram

Finally surface concentrations are accumulated to calculate the

hour-averaBed concentrntion field

Subroutine ADH solves the differential equation describshy

ing advection and diffusion of pollutant concentration ie

~~ = -V middotUC+ VmiddotK middotVC

The solution is performed seperately in each direction with the

form

ac == _ auc + a Kx ac at ax ax clX

The finite difference solution is basPd on a flux-corrected version

of Crowelys second-order advection scheme

n+l n n n Cmiddot1 =Ci+ Fi-~ Fmiddot+1 6tl 2

where

6x 26t

+ K middot+i (C 1middot - C+1 )AXXl i l

and

= ui+1middot 6t

1X

C-27

2 PROGRAM ROUTINES

The IMPACT code is designed to solve the follouing conshy

servation of mass equation

ac auc- ave awC1middot1 - 1 - l -

at = ~ cly az

advection

diffusion

+ a c + s middot1cclJ J lJ ( 1 J

source term chemistry

where

c = the concentration of the i th pollution speciesl

uvw = the three-dimensional flow field vectors

KxKyKz = the three-dimensional eddy diffusivity

Smiddotl = the source term for the i th pollutant species

aS the chemical rate constants for the first and

second order chemical reactions

A flow diazram by subroutine for the IMPACT code is

shown in Figure 2 The shaded subroutines represent the major comshy

ponents of the code the remainder of routines direct program flow

and process input and output data A brief definition and a desshy

cription of the inputs and outputs for each subroutine in IMPACT

is listed in Table 1 A description of the program common block

the five major subroutines and the inputoutput routines conclude

this section

C-4

ENTEH

READEM

()

~ 0 r 0 (L

gt0

p 0 0i

DEFINE

bullbullbullbullmiddotbullbulliitrFUS

CONTUH

SUMMARY

PEIN IT

METSOn

bull

~iIJf1Eit)

POLLUT

OUTPUT CONTUR

PRINIT FINISH

STOP

Figure 2 IMPACT Flow Chart

C-5

Table 1 Description of Impact Subroutines

SUBROUUNE DESCRIPTION INPUTS OL~PJ7S

READEM

DEFINE

SUliIIARY

c-i I

deg

CQNTUR

PRINTIT

ViETSOR

MARIAH

DI ~-US

PLUMER

READ SPAE TIME INDEPENDE~T QUANTITIES OPTION ETC

ESTA3LISH USEFUL INVARIANT QUANTITIES FOR LATER PROGRAM EFFICIENCY

PRINT A SUMMARY OF TEE INITIAL STATE OF THE SYSTEM READ TERRAIN AND SURFACE ROJG-NESS DATA

PRIN CONTOUR PLOTS FROM ANY UBMTTED 2-D OR 3-D A~RA

PRINTS THE FIELD ARRAYS TO THE FIRST TWO SIGNIFICANT DIGITS FRO~ ANY SUS~ITTED 2-D OR 3-D ARRAY

HOURLY READS THE METEOROLOGIshyCAL SOURCE AND BACKGROUND DATA PRINTS SUM~ARY OP IJPUT DflTA 2~VERTS INPUT E~SSIONS ~RO~ GSEC TO SEC

CONTAI~S THE S~BROGRAM ~ES~ INTERPOLA7ES WIND STAcILIT DATA CREATES DIERGENCE-REE WIND fltISLD CJNSSTE~T ~TH WIND DATA STAB=LTY D~A amp ~RRAIN

CREATS2 A JIPUS[VITY FIELD BAS2D ON EITiER THE MR OR DEICT MODE_s

DEIERrnss E OINT SOJRCE PLJ~E RISS BASED ON 3RIGGS OR TVA ~CDELS 0 ~ jf middot_~ =--~SC L ~ J DAi

NONE

GRID SIZE CELL SIZE ElC

TERRAIN DATA SURPACE ROUGHNESS DATA PROGRAM INVARIANTS

ANY -DOR 3-D ARRAY

ANY 2-D or 3-D ARRAY

WIND Sh3I~TY POI~1~ ~OJCE AREA SCURCI BACKGROuilD DATA

WIND AND STAHLTY DATA TERRAI~ DATA

WIND AND STABIL=~v PIELDS TERRAIN A~ SURPACE ROUGHNES~ DATA

WIND AND STA~LY F~EJos ~EP~t POTN7 ~O~PC~ 2A~A

Gf~lC s~z~ CP~C~S ETC

1Ax lAx2 etc

INTERGERIZED TERRA~ ARRAY INT2ROLATED S~RFACE ROCGHNESS ARRAY FRINTS AND EDTS OF INi7IAL DATA

-middotmiddot~1middot-R Forrs

PE~H =~ur-=-2

~ 5c~middotc~ A2 3~~J~~~ t7A

--~~ middot=gt __~ s---i3=~-- ~A3

=-= middot ~-r---middot ~~s

is~~middot o~ ~-~ c= z--- middotmiddotmiddoto

i

I i I I I I i

I

I

I

I

i __j

Table 1 Description of Impact Subroutines (Continued)

3lJBR0iJ7lU~ DESCRITION IWJTS OUTUTS

() I

1

~CLLj7

AD

=~- 3

SiE6

~~E~l5

cr~pr_ir

=~ ~

CALCULATES OLLU~ANT 7RA~SORT DIFFUSION S0UCSS AND CHE~STRY CA~S~~A7ES AVERAGE SURFACE J~C~~EA~X

JDAE2 POL~U7Al~T CONC2Nshyt-=-0 D7JS T-- AJVEClO~~ J-i-J Umiddot~j~Qi middot--~ A ~r_~middot~~middot-(1RD2i CRC~~r_middotmiddot ~~ J ~ ~~middot~ ~__ 2 P 12 C middot

cr=r~_middotp_~~ ~~~ 3C2 - middot-~4-=p_~=J~-~_r -li- f ~c~-J - c J~L

~s~~ES ~~pound ~~s ~078CH~~=cA~ ~r~- ~=~G 5 JC~E ~~s~--____ _ - )-~

_~~=-~ ~- r~-r----~~=--middot~=middot ~--=~=c~~-=cA su=- __ J

-~ ~C7VE SECES

z~J _c~3 r s_middotbullViAEi J middotis -~~_J _2_famiddot2 --OJR A~JJ~ P~~~R ~275 ~5 ~ECEJ - --~ ~~~ c~~0~ J~~

WIND AND DIfSIVITY FIELDS EMISSIONS 3ACKGROUND CONCENTRAshyT~CKS Pos~=o~ 8 E~~VA7ED L~XES

~~ =~SlV~~~ c8 SJ~ c~--=- _ ~-= -middot ~_o

Cmiddot~=_middot_middot~gt-- middot~-~-=--~c(2 ~~z~s r i

SJ~SCES

C~i middot_middotr _t_~-_ _ - _-A- ~=bull~ _middot_bullr-r~bull

~rbullbull= -

_ ~- - r - - -~ middot- - - - - -

i~middot-2 x -__

-~-~--~ --

~-- =~ J~ y - -~ J-= -middot-middotmiddot_middot _ =-=-~ ~~ -3 = ~ ~middot =middot=middot -~ --middot~ -=-= ~gt

~-~~

POLLUTANT CDNCEKTR~IO~S IN TIME AND SPACE

~PDA~2J POLLUTA~T CCNCEN~RA7IDN FIELD

~~~~SJ PCLL~TA~T J~cs~RA~IQ~S

~FDA~~D S~~~A~~ cs c --1~= 0~s

JA~~J ~LC~h~T 22~CEX~RA~o~3

---3 A~- c-=r~-_1~3 shymiddot~_ R_ -

~i~S ~C ~~ 0A~ middot---~ middot-=

21 COMMON

There are three blocks of common data used in IMPACT

The first block SCALER contains all the scaler quantities

shared between subroutines The second block ONETWO contains

all the one and two-dimensional arrays that remain invarient from

problem to problem These common blocks are found in all subshy

routines except ADH CHEM3 CHEM6 CHEM15 and FINISH The

third common stock TREFOR contains the two t11ree and fourshy

dimensionalmiddot arrays that may change size from problem to problem

Rather than include this common stock in every subroutine the

common appears only in the main program and is passed to other

subroutines via the subroutine call statement Thus the user

can vary the size of the problem with a minirnum of effort (See

section 41 for a discussion on modifing the TREFOR common

block)

A glossary of common variables is given in Table 2

C-8

Table 2 Definition 6f Variables Used in COMMON

COMMONSCALAR

DX = cell size x-direction DY = cell size y-direction DZ = cell size z-direction NX = number of cells x-direction NY = number of cells y-direction NZ= number of cells z-direction NXPl = NX+l NYPl = NY+l NZPl = NZ+l NXMl = NX-1 NYMl = NY-1 NZMl = NZ-1 NUMEWD = number of wind stations TIMEND = (not currently implemented) NUMCEM = number of chemicals NUMESD = number of stability profile locations NUMHRS = number of hours simulated NUtLEPS = number of point sources NUYiASD = number of area sources NOWTIM - current hour IDOWND = wind model flag IDOCEM = chemistry model flag IDODIF = diffusion model flag IDOPLT = surface plot flag NUMBCP = number of background concentration points TGRND = temperature of ground SOLAR= flux PRESR = ambient pressure AMBCO = CO concentration ppm AMH20 =middotwater vapor concentration ppm SIMTIM = same as NOWTIM IDOPRN = print flag IDOCAL = Calcomp plotter flag IDT= number of time steps per hour HRSAVG = number of hours to be averaged DXI2 = lnx2 DYI2 = lDY2 DZI2 = lnz2 DXI == 1DX DYI = 1DYDZI = 1DZ NS= number of species NUMSRD = number of surface roughness data IDOPLM = plume rise model flagmiddot DT = time step size IDOSUR = surface plot flag

C-9

DX2 = nx2 DY2 = DY2 DZ2 = nz2 NOWEWD = time at which next wind station data read NOv7ESD = time at which next stability profile data read NOWEPS = time at which next point source data read NOWASD = time at which next area source data read NOWBCP = time at which next background concentration

data read

COMMONONETWO

EPS = point source emission array UDH = specified plume rise array -DH= plume rise array CC= cellular concentration SS = cellular source array ISKIP = subroutine control flag array IEW = I-location of wind data JEW= J-location of wind data EWS =wind speed array EWD = wind direction array EW = wind-weight array WV= measured wind speed v-direction IES = I-location of stability data JES= J-location of stability data ESS = stability profile array WU= measured wind speed u-direction IBC = I-location of badqffound concentration JBC = J-location of background concentration EBC background concentration array IPS = I-location of source JPS= J-location of source KPS = K-location of source IZO = I-location of surface roughness HPS stack height array TPS = stack gas temperature array VPS = stack volume flow array DPS= stack diameter array SPS = exhaust veJocity of stack ISS = I-location of stack JSS = J-locations of stack SSS = (not implemented) TITLE= title of run TITL = titles of field arrays JZO = J-location of surface roughness ZO = surface roughness array ILAS = low I-location of area source IHAS = high I-location of area source JLAS = low J-location of area source JHAS -- high J-location of area source EAS = area source emission array

C-10

CEMNAM = chemistry array EPST = point source emission array EAST= area source emission array

COMMON TREFOR

C = concentration arrayCA= averaged surface concentration array CT= temporary concentration array U = u-velocity V = vvelocity W = w (vertical) velocity EX= horizontal diffusivity x-direction EY = horizontal diffusivity y-direction EZ = vertical diffusivity z-direction STAB= stability array HT= terrain height array ZO = surface roughness array IHT - integerized height array

C-11

2 2 WEST WIND FIELD MODEL - SUBROUTINE MARLtlI

IMPACT is designed to be used with as little or much

data as is available since possible applications rRnge from

unmonitored wilderness to intensively instrumented research areas

Thus the wind field uses any and all available data with its

accuracy improving with increased usable data

The wind field development is diagramed in Figure 3

Atmospheric stability data are interpolated via a lr4 weightini

to produce a stability field over the computation 1 domain (10 =

A itability 70 = G stability) Wind observations are prcijected

upwards from the point measured through the portion of the grid

without any measurement Such projected data are weighted as

0001 compared with user-specified weighting of from 10 to 00

The projections are based on a power law extrapolation

of the form

for speeds Sand S0 at vertical coordinates Z 2nd Z0 respectiveshy

ly with P determined by linear interpolati0n from the following

table

A B C D E F GStability Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

p 15 17 20 26 39 48 54

The maximum wind speed allowed is 20 msec and the inishy

tial 2 0 is assumed equal to AZ2 After the wind speeds are proshy

jected upwards the wind speed and direction are resolved into U

and V vector components at every wind data site Next the entire

wind field is developed via a weighted lr2 interpolation of the

vertical profiles for each horizontal plane Up to this point

terrain has not been considered Terrain first enters by shifting

C-12

ENTER

lr4 INTERPOLATION OF STABILITY

RESOLVE AND EX1RAPOLATE

WIND PROFILES

lr2 INlERPOLATION

ADD TERRAIN

ADJUST BOUNDARY

VELOCITIES

ITERATE lO REMOVE DIVERGENCE

CALCULA E DIVERGENCE

MODIFY VELOCITY FIELD

WEIGHTED AVERAGE WITH INPUT PROFILES

REMOVE RESIDUAL

DIVERGENCE

SET TRANSPARENCIES l

( RETURN)

ZERO OBSTACLE TRANSPARENCIES

Figure 3 MARIAH Flow Diagram

C-13

The subrol

eight corners for j

profiles are incorf

aging of the iterat

iterative cycles c

of the grid This 1-xnri

lJODE=l

MH i J HCJLL

( NO[ YET l MPLEfbulllUJjJ-ll)

CALClLATJ- middot STAlll LlY SPEED L~middot~t~T

o OUT lJLmiddotliSJ BELO- TJ-HH TL

0 0 0 -1

CALCULATE v=RlICAL Drmiddotsros

L00f OVUlt VERmiddot1-AL Cl-LJS

CALCULATE HORIZONTAL

DIFliSION

RETL1RN

Figure 11 DIPFUS Flow Diagram

C-18

where

Z is the heighi above the gcound

Lis the Monin-Obukhov length and

u~ is the friction velocity

and

u~ == (0 35) Uo m((Z rl 0) (7 w+l 0)) + 2 0 tar (Z w) 1- ((Z 0 -l0)(Z 0 +10)) - 20 tan (Z 0 ) for Llt0

Zw = (10 - 15 ZwL)l 4

Z0 L) 114Z 0 == (10 - 15

U0 is wind speed at a he~ght Zw above the surface and

Zw = 622

The vertical diffusivity Dis further modified by the

function

D = D + (11 - ZZIBSE)

when 01 ZIBSE ltZlt 11 ZIBSE

For the second case (inside an elevated inversion) the

surface wind speedmiddot is set to 3 0 m sec the Monin-Ob 1 1khov length

is set to 200 and Z (the height above the surface) is measured

from ZIBSE

Above the elevated inversion the third case neutral

stability is assumed and Z is measured from the top of the invershy

sion ZITOP The vertical diffusion is then limited by 0001 m2sec

~ D ~ 1000 m2sec and assigned to the top face of the cell

C-19

The vertical diffusivity as calculalcd by Lhe DJ-JgtICT

model (Smith 1971) is more strai3htforward

where

U is the wind speed at the point of interest

aE is the standard deviation of the wind vane

fluctuation - 0E is empirically related to stability

as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 S 6---J __CT_E----+--_2_6_2--_-2_3_7___-1-84--_-1_1_9____-0-56--_-Q-~_-_]

i is the turbulence length scale (meters) and is

empirically related to stability as follows

---------------middot------------------middot-1Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

t 105 85 74 64 59 54

The horizontal diffusivities are calculated for either

diffusion option using the relation DH= aDv where a depends on

on stability as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

a 5 75 105 1 35 1 70 20

(See Figure 4-11 in the main report)

The location of the related stability vertical diffusivity and

horizontal diffusivity parameters are indicated below

C-20

vertical ____Lusivity Stabilityhorizontal

diffusivity bull

Because the diffusivities are face-centered the vertical stashy

bility is offset one-half cell above the cell center the horishy

zontal diffusivity is offset one-half cell to the left of the

cell center

C-21

24 PLUME RISE MODELS - SUBROUTINE PLUMER

The user is given the option of selecting the Briggs

1974 plume rise model the Briggs 1967 plume rise model or the

TVA plume rise model or spccifyin2i either U(tih) or Ah A flow

diagram of PLUMER is shown in Figure 5 The subroutine loops over

each source and checks whether or not the source is inside the

grid If the source is outside the grid an error rn~ssage is

printed and that source is ignored If the user has specified

AH (IDO PLM = 8) the total plume rise (H + 6H) i~ determined 0nd

the cell in which to insert the point source emissior1s is t~lcushy

lated If U(Ah) is specified (IDOPLM = 7) the velocity at the

top of the stack is calculated and AH= UAHU For either Bri~ps

model (IDOPLM = 12) and the TVA model (1DOPLM = 3) the buoyancy

parameter F and the temperature gradient at the top of the stack

are determined The plume rise 6h is calculated as described in

the following paragraphs

TVA ]974

Buoyancy F = gV (T0 -Ta)T0

where 2 g is the gravitation acceleration (98 msec )

Vis the initial volume flux divided by TI (m3sec)2

(also equal to wr where w is the exit velocity

and r is the stack inside radius)

T is the stack gas temperature (degK)0

Ta is the ambient ternpe~ature at the stack (degK) for

neutral and stable conditions

For a distance of 1824 meters (a presumed final rise)

the plume rise is calculated from

Fl36h = 173 -u- exp (-64 (3T3z + 001))

C-22

CALCULli~ VELOCITY ~T TOP l

OF STACK U=Uo(ZZol

CALCULATE BUOYANCY

TEMP GRAD

TVA

Ci~L1UJfTE

1oor OVEH

~ ~

DEiElWJNimiddot K CC(1]) I iJ YE

bullHIlE VALUES

SOUHCES

HETUHN

Figure 5 Plumer Flow Diagram

C-23

J3riggs 1967

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

where h8

is the stack height

Stable Conditions (E-F)

lih = 29 CJ~)lJ where s = t c + 001)

Briggs 1974

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

Fl3 --)23th = 1 6 -- (35 X u

middotwhere x = 14 FS8 for F lt55

__

34 F25X = for F gt55

Stable Conditions (E-F)

cl) 113th= 26 wheres= _g__ lt~ + 001)us Ta

C-24

25 POLLUTANT TRANSPORT - SUBROUTINES POLLUT ADH

The transport dispersion and transformation of pollutants

is controlled by the subroutine POLLUT Each call to POLLUT adshy

vances the simulation one hour A flow diagram of POLLUT is shovrn

in Figure 6

The advectiondiffusion time step is calculated such that

the maximum normalized flux across any cell is le2s than alpha

ie

If the time step is too larfgte or too small an error message is

printed and the program stops The time step is further adjusted

such that N advection cycles end exactly on the hour

The subroutine then loops over N time steps

(~tmiddotN = 3600 seconds)

If multiple species chemistry is requested POLLUT checks to see

if each cell is either below terrain or contains a significant

amount of tracer concentration If not the background concentrashy

tion is loaded into the cell This procedure forces those cells

not affected by point or area sources to agree with the observed

background concentration distribution

The concentrations are stored in a temporary array and

then advecteddiffused in the X Y Z direction via sucessive calls

to subroutine ADH Point and area source emissions are added If multiple species chemistry is selected the updated concentrations

in each cell are subtracted from the stored (old) concentrations

to determine the flux into each cell If there is sufficient

tracer concentration in the cell (gt10- 3 ~gm3) the appropriate

chemistry subroutine (CHEM 3 CHEM 6 CHEM 15) is called and

returns with the updated concentration

C-25

lllld1middot11 MF 11 ME sn1

HdT ibullt1HO~~

r-A -

ZF Hbulli AV U middot middot ~UhirC

CONCEJTP1-~ 1x~

STU

CALCU LTmiddot BAP 1 J i1 I 1

CONCEtTiW I _J-middot

INERT POLL UTAN

lTPDATE fOUH A1F RAcE

( RETLIHN )

Figure 6 POLLUT Plow

C-26

ADD sotHc- 1middotrmi

lERFOHbulli MlILE SECIElt Clr-ITcTRx

( CHEMi CHE~6 1

CHEM5)

LOO OVERc~is

Diagram

Finally surface concentrations are accumulated to calculate the

hour-averaBed concentrntion field

Subroutine ADH solves the differential equation describshy

ing advection and diffusion of pollutant concentration ie

~~ = -V middotUC+ VmiddotK middotVC

The solution is performed seperately in each direction with the

form

ac == _ auc + a Kx ac at ax ax clX

The finite difference solution is basPd on a flux-corrected version

of Crowelys second-order advection scheme

n+l n n n Cmiddot1 =Ci+ Fi-~ Fmiddot+1 6tl 2

where

6x 26t

+ K middot+i (C 1middot - C+1 )AXXl i l

and

= ui+1middot 6t

1X

C-27

ENTEH

READEM

()

~ 0 r 0 (L

gt0

p 0 0i

DEFINE

bullbullbullbullmiddotbullbulliitrFUS

CONTUH

SUMMARY

PEIN IT

METSOn

bull

~iIJf1Eit)

POLLUT

OUTPUT CONTUR

PRINIT FINISH

STOP

Figure 2 IMPACT Flow Chart

C-5

Table 1 Description of Impact Subroutines

SUBROUUNE DESCRIPTION INPUTS OL~PJ7S

READEM

DEFINE

SUliIIARY

c-i I

deg

CQNTUR

PRINTIT

ViETSOR

MARIAH

DI ~-US

PLUMER

READ SPAE TIME INDEPENDE~T QUANTITIES OPTION ETC

ESTA3LISH USEFUL INVARIANT QUANTITIES FOR LATER PROGRAM EFFICIENCY

PRINT A SUMMARY OF TEE INITIAL STATE OF THE SYSTEM READ TERRAIN AND SURFACE ROJG-NESS DATA

PRIN CONTOUR PLOTS FROM ANY UBMTTED 2-D OR 3-D A~RA

PRINTS THE FIELD ARRAYS TO THE FIRST TWO SIGNIFICANT DIGITS FRO~ ANY SUS~ITTED 2-D OR 3-D ARRAY

HOURLY READS THE METEOROLOGIshyCAL SOURCE AND BACKGROUND DATA PRINTS SUM~ARY OP IJPUT DflTA 2~VERTS INPUT E~SSIONS ~RO~ GSEC TO SEC

CONTAI~S THE S~BROGRAM ~ES~ INTERPOLA7ES WIND STAcILIT DATA CREATES DIERGENCE-REE WIND fltISLD CJNSSTE~T ~TH WIND DATA STAB=LTY D~A amp ~RRAIN

CREATS2 A JIPUS[VITY FIELD BAS2D ON EITiER THE MR OR DEICT MODE_s

DEIERrnss E OINT SOJRCE PLJ~E RISS BASED ON 3RIGGS OR TVA ~CDELS 0 ~ jf middot_~ =--~SC L ~ J DAi

NONE

GRID SIZE CELL SIZE ElC

TERRAIN DATA SURPACE ROUGHNESS DATA PROGRAM INVARIANTS

ANY -DOR 3-D ARRAY

ANY 2-D or 3-D ARRAY

WIND Sh3I~TY POI~1~ ~OJCE AREA SCURCI BACKGROuilD DATA

WIND AND STAHLTY DATA TERRAI~ DATA

WIND AND STABIL=~v PIELDS TERRAIN A~ SURPACE ROUGHNES~ DATA

WIND AND STA~LY F~EJos ~EP~t POTN7 ~O~PC~ 2A~A

Gf~lC s~z~ CP~C~S ETC

1Ax lAx2 etc

INTERGERIZED TERRA~ ARRAY INT2ROLATED S~RFACE ROCGHNESS ARRAY FRINTS AND EDTS OF INi7IAL DATA

-middotmiddot~1middot-R Forrs

PE~H =~ur-=-2

~ 5c~middotc~ A2 3~~J~~~ t7A

--~~ middot=gt __~ s---i3=~-- ~A3

=-= middot ~-r---middot ~~s

is~~middot o~ ~-~ c= z--- middotmiddotmiddoto

i

I i I I I I i

I

I

I

I

i __j

Table 1 Description of Impact Subroutines (Continued)

3lJBR0iJ7lU~ DESCRITION IWJTS OUTUTS

() I

1

~CLLj7

AD

=~- 3

SiE6

~~E~l5

cr~pr_ir

=~ ~

CALCULATES OLLU~ANT 7RA~SORT DIFFUSION S0UCSS AND CHE~STRY CA~S~~A7ES AVERAGE SURFACE J~C~~EA~X

JDAE2 POL~U7Al~T CONC2Nshyt-=-0 D7JS T-- AJVEClO~~ J-i-J Umiddot~j~Qi middot--~ A ~r_~middot~~middot-(1RD2i CRC~~r_middotmiddot ~~ J ~ ~~middot~ ~__ 2 P 12 C middot

cr=r~_middotp_~~ ~~~ 3C2 - middot-~4-=p_~=J~-~_r -li- f ~c~-J - c J~L

~s~~ES ~~pound ~~s ~078CH~~=cA~ ~r~- ~=~G 5 JC~E ~~s~--____ _ - )-~

_~~=-~ ~- r~-r----~~=--middot~=middot ~--=~=c~~-=cA su=- __ J

-~ ~C7VE SECES

z~J _c~3 r s_middotbullViAEi J middotis -~~_J _2_famiddot2 --OJR A~JJ~ P~~~R ~275 ~5 ~ECEJ - --~ ~~~ c~~0~ J~~

WIND AND DIfSIVITY FIELDS EMISSIONS 3ACKGROUND CONCENTRAshyT~CKS Pos~=o~ 8 E~~VA7ED L~XES

~~ =~SlV~~~ c8 SJ~ c~--=- _ ~-= -middot ~_o

Cmiddot~=_middot_middot~gt-- middot~-~-=--~c(2 ~~z~s r i

SJ~SCES

C~i middot_middotr _t_~-_ _ - _-A- ~=bull~ _middot_bullr-r~bull

~rbullbull= -

_ ~- - r - - -~ middot- - - - - -

i~middot-2 x -__

-~-~--~ --

~-- =~ J~ y - -~ J-= -middot-middotmiddot_middot _ =-=-~ ~~ -3 = ~ ~middot =middot=middot -~ --middot~ -=-= ~gt

~-~~

POLLUTANT CDNCEKTR~IO~S IN TIME AND SPACE

~PDA~2J POLLUTA~T CCNCEN~RA7IDN FIELD

~~~~SJ PCLL~TA~T J~cs~RA~IQ~S

~FDA~~D S~~~A~~ cs c --1~= 0~s

JA~~J ~LC~h~T 22~CEX~RA~o~3

---3 A~- c-=r~-_1~3 shymiddot~_ R_ -

~i~S ~C ~~ 0A~ middot---~ middot-=

21 COMMON

There are three blocks of common data used in IMPACT

The first block SCALER contains all the scaler quantities

shared between subroutines The second block ONETWO contains

all the one and two-dimensional arrays that remain invarient from

problem to problem These common blocks are found in all subshy

routines except ADH CHEM3 CHEM6 CHEM15 and FINISH The

third common stock TREFOR contains the two t11ree and fourshy

dimensionalmiddot arrays that may change size from problem to problem

Rather than include this common stock in every subroutine the

common appears only in the main program and is passed to other

subroutines via the subroutine call statement Thus the user

can vary the size of the problem with a minirnum of effort (See

section 41 for a discussion on modifing the TREFOR common

block)

A glossary of common variables is given in Table 2

C-8

Table 2 Definition 6f Variables Used in COMMON

COMMONSCALAR

DX = cell size x-direction DY = cell size y-direction DZ = cell size z-direction NX = number of cells x-direction NY = number of cells y-direction NZ= number of cells z-direction NXPl = NX+l NYPl = NY+l NZPl = NZ+l NXMl = NX-1 NYMl = NY-1 NZMl = NZ-1 NUMEWD = number of wind stations TIMEND = (not currently implemented) NUMCEM = number of chemicals NUMESD = number of stability profile locations NUMHRS = number of hours simulated NUtLEPS = number of point sources NUYiASD = number of area sources NOWTIM - current hour IDOWND = wind model flag IDOCEM = chemistry model flag IDODIF = diffusion model flag IDOPLT = surface plot flag NUMBCP = number of background concentration points TGRND = temperature of ground SOLAR= flux PRESR = ambient pressure AMBCO = CO concentration ppm AMH20 =middotwater vapor concentration ppm SIMTIM = same as NOWTIM IDOPRN = print flag IDOCAL = Calcomp plotter flag IDT= number of time steps per hour HRSAVG = number of hours to be averaged DXI2 = lnx2 DYI2 = lDY2 DZI2 = lnz2 DXI == 1DX DYI = 1DYDZI = 1DZ NS= number of species NUMSRD = number of surface roughness data IDOPLM = plume rise model flagmiddot DT = time step size IDOSUR = surface plot flag

C-9

DX2 = nx2 DY2 = DY2 DZ2 = nz2 NOWEWD = time at which next wind station data read NOv7ESD = time at which next stability profile data read NOWEPS = time at which next point source data read NOWASD = time at which next area source data read NOWBCP = time at which next background concentration

data read

COMMONONETWO

EPS = point source emission array UDH = specified plume rise array -DH= plume rise array CC= cellular concentration SS = cellular source array ISKIP = subroutine control flag array IEW = I-location of wind data JEW= J-location of wind data EWS =wind speed array EWD = wind direction array EW = wind-weight array WV= measured wind speed v-direction IES = I-location of stability data JES= J-location of stability data ESS = stability profile array WU= measured wind speed u-direction IBC = I-location of badqffound concentration JBC = J-location of background concentration EBC background concentration array IPS = I-location of source JPS= J-location of source KPS = K-location of source IZO = I-location of surface roughness HPS stack height array TPS = stack gas temperature array VPS = stack volume flow array DPS= stack diameter array SPS = exhaust veJocity of stack ISS = I-location of stack JSS = J-locations of stack SSS = (not implemented) TITLE= title of run TITL = titles of field arrays JZO = J-location of surface roughness ZO = surface roughness array ILAS = low I-location of area source IHAS = high I-location of area source JLAS = low J-location of area source JHAS -- high J-location of area source EAS = area source emission array

C-10

CEMNAM = chemistry array EPST = point source emission array EAST= area source emission array

COMMON TREFOR

C = concentration arrayCA= averaged surface concentration array CT= temporary concentration array U = u-velocity V = vvelocity W = w (vertical) velocity EX= horizontal diffusivity x-direction EY = horizontal diffusivity y-direction EZ = vertical diffusivity z-direction STAB= stability array HT= terrain height array ZO = surface roughness array IHT - integerized height array

C-11

2 2 WEST WIND FIELD MODEL - SUBROUTINE MARLtlI

IMPACT is designed to be used with as little or much

data as is available since possible applications rRnge from

unmonitored wilderness to intensively instrumented research areas

Thus the wind field uses any and all available data with its

accuracy improving with increased usable data

The wind field development is diagramed in Figure 3

Atmospheric stability data are interpolated via a lr4 weightini

to produce a stability field over the computation 1 domain (10 =

A itability 70 = G stability) Wind observations are prcijected

upwards from the point measured through the portion of the grid

without any measurement Such projected data are weighted as

0001 compared with user-specified weighting of from 10 to 00

The projections are based on a power law extrapolation

of the form

for speeds Sand S0 at vertical coordinates Z 2nd Z0 respectiveshy

ly with P determined by linear interpolati0n from the following

table

A B C D E F GStability Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

p 15 17 20 26 39 48 54

The maximum wind speed allowed is 20 msec and the inishy

tial 2 0 is assumed equal to AZ2 After the wind speeds are proshy

jected upwards the wind speed and direction are resolved into U

and V vector components at every wind data site Next the entire

wind field is developed via a weighted lr2 interpolation of the

vertical profiles for each horizontal plane Up to this point

terrain has not been considered Terrain first enters by shifting

C-12

ENTER

lr4 INTERPOLATION OF STABILITY

RESOLVE AND EX1RAPOLATE

WIND PROFILES

lr2 INlERPOLATION

ADD TERRAIN

ADJUST BOUNDARY

VELOCITIES

ITERATE lO REMOVE DIVERGENCE

CALCULA E DIVERGENCE

MODIFY VELOCITY FIELD

WEIGHTED AVERAGE WITH INPUT PROFILES

REMOVE RESIDUAL

DIVERGENCE

SET TRANSPARENCIES l

( RETURN)

ZERO OBSTACLE TRANSPARENCIES

Figure 3 MARIAH Flow Diagram

C-13

The subrol

eight corners for j

profiles are incorf

aging of the iterat

iterative cycles c

of the grid This 1-xnri

lJODE=l

MH i J HCJLL

( NO[ YET l MPLEfbulllUJjJ-ll)

CALClLATJ- middot STAlll LlY SPEED L~middot~t~T

o OUT lJLmiddotliSJ BELO- TJ-HH TL

0 0 0 -1

CALCULATE v=RlICAL Drmiddotsros

L00f OVUlt VERmiddot1-AL Cl-LJS

CALCULATE HORIZONTAL

DIFliSION

RETL1RN

Figure 11 DIPFUS Flow Diagram

C-18

where

Z is the heighi above the gcound

Lis the Monin-Obukhov length and

u~ is the friction velocity

and

u~ == (0 35) Uo m((Z rl 0) (7 w+l 0)) + 2 0 tar (Z w) 1- ((Z 0 -l0)(Z 0 +10)) - 20 tan (Z 0 ) for Llt0

Zw = (10 - 15 ZwL)l 4

Z0 L) 114Z 0 == (10 - 15

U0 is wind speed at a he~ght Zw above the surface and

Zw = 622

The vertical diffusivity Dis further modified by the

function

D = D + (11 - ZZIBSE)

when 01 ZIBSE ltZlt 11 ZIBSE

For the second case (inside an elevated inversion) the

surface wind speedmiddot is set to 3 0 m sec the Monin-Ob 1 1khov length

is set to 200 and Z (the height above the surface) is measured

from ZIBSE

Above the elevated inversion the third case neutral

stability is assumed and Z is measured from the top of the invershy

sion ZITOP The vertical diffusion is then limited by 0001 m2sec

~ D ~ 1000 m2sec and assigned to the top face of the cell

C-19

The vertical diffusivity as calculalcd by Lhe DJ-JgtICT

model (Smith 1971) is more strai3htforward

where

U is the wind speed at the point of interest

aE is the standard deviation of the wind vane

fluctuation - 0E is empirically related to stability

as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 S 6---J __CT_E----+--_2_6_2--_-2_3_7___-1-84--_-1_1_9____-0-56--_-Q-~_-_]

i is the turbulence length scale (meters) and is

empirically related to stability as follows

---------------middot------------------middot-1Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

t 105 85 74 64 59 54

The horizontal diffusivities are calculated for either

diffusion option using the relation DH= aDv where a depends on

on stability as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

a 5 75 105 1 35 1 70 20

(See Figure 4-11 in the main report)

The location of the related stability vertical diffusivity and

horizontal diffusivity parameters are indicated below

C-20

vertical ____Lusivity Stabilityhorizontal

diffusivity bull

Because the diffusivities are face-centered the vertical stashy

bility is offset one-half cell above the cell center the horishy

zontal diffusivity is offset one-half cell to the left of the

cell center

C-21

24 PLUME RISE MODELS - SUBROUTINE PLUMER

The user is given the option of selecting the Briggs

1974 plume rise model the Briggs 1967 plume rise model or the

TVA plume rise model or spccifyin2i either U(tih) or Ah A flow

diagram of PLUMER is shown in Figure 5 The subroutine loops over

each source and checks whether or not the source is inside the

grid If the source is outside the grid an error rn~ssage is

printed and that source is ignored If the user has specified

AH (IDO PLM = 8) the total plume rise (H + 6H) i~ determined 0nd

the cell in which to insert the point source emissior1s is t~lcushy

lated If U(Ah) is specified (IDOPLM = 7) the velocity at the

top of the stack is calculated and AH= UAHU For either Bri~ps

model (IDOPLM = 12) and the TVA model (1DOPLM = 3) the buoyancy

parameter F and the temperature gradient at the top of the stack

are determined The plume rise 6h is calculated as described in

the following paragraphs

TVA ]974

Buoyancy F = gV (T0 -Ta)T0

where 2 g is the gravitation acceleration (98 msec )

Vis the initial volume flux divided by TI (m3sec)2

(also equal to wr where w is the exit velocity

and r is the stack inside radius)

T is the stack gas temperature (degK)0

Ta is the ambient ternpe~ature at the stack (degK) for

neutral and stable conditions

For a distance of 1824 meters (a presumed final rise)

the plume rise is calculated from

Fl36h = 173 -u- exp (-64 (3T3z + 001))

C-22

CALCULli~ VELOCITY ~T TOP l

OF STACK U=Uo(ZZol

CALCULATE BUOYANCY

TEMP GRAD

TVA

Ci~L1UJfTE

1oor OVEH

~ ~

DEiElWJNimiddot K CC(1]) I iJ YE

bullHIlE VALUES

SOUHCES

HETUHN

Figure 5 Plumer Flow Diagram

C-23

J3riggs 1967

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

where h8

is the stack height

Stable Conditions (E-F)

lih = 29 CJ~)lJ where s = t c + 001)

Briggs 1974

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

Fl3 --)23th = 1 6 -- (35 X u

middotwhere x = 14 FS8 for F lt55

__

34 F25X = for F gt55

Stable Conditions (E-F)

cl) 113th= 26 wheres= _g__ lt~ + 001)us Ta

C-24

25 POLLUTANT TRANSPORT - SUBROUTINES POLLUT ADH

The transport dispersion and transformation of pollutants

is controlled by the subroutine POLLUT Each call to POLLUT adshy

vances the simulation one hour A flow diagram of POLLUT is shovrn

in Figure 6

The advectiondiffusion time step is calculated such that

the maximum normalized flux across any cell is le2s than alpha

ie

If the time step is too larfgte or too small an error message is

printed and the program stops The time step is further adjusted

such that N advection cycles end exactly on the hour

The subroutine then loops over N time steps

(~tmiddotN = 3600 seconds)

If multiple species chemistry is requested POLLUT checks to see

if each cell is either below terrain or contains a significant

amount of tracer concentration If not the background concentrashy

tion is loaded into the cell This procedure forces those cells

not affected by point or area sources to agree with the observed

background concentration distribution

The concentrations are stored in a temporary array and

then advecteddiffused in the X Y Z direction via sucessive calls

to subroutine ADH Point and area source emissions are added If multiple species chemistry is selected the updated concentrations

in each cell are subtracted from the stored (old) concentrations

to determine the flux into each cell If there is sufficient

tracer concentration in the cell (gt10- 3 ~gm3) the appropriate

chemistry subroutine (CHEM 3 CHEM 6 CHEM 15) is called and

returns with the updated concentration

C-25

lllld1middot11 MF 11 ME sn1

HdT ibullt1HO~~

r-A -

ZF Hbulli AV U middot middot ~UhirC

CONCEJTP1-~ 1x~

STU

CALCU LTmiddot BAP 1 J i1 I 1

CONCEtTiW I _J-middot

INERT POLL UTAN

lTPDATE fOUH A1F RAcE

( RETLIHN )

Figure 6 POLLUT Plow

C-26

ADD sotHc- 1middotrmi

lERFOHbulli MlILE SECIElt Clr-ITcTRx

( CHEMi CHE~6 1

CHEM5)

LOO OVERc~is

Diagram

Finally surface concentrations are accumulated to calculate the

hour-averaBed concentrntion field

Subroutine ADH solves the differential equation describshy

ing advection and diffusion of pollutant concentration ie

~~ = -V middotUC+ VmiddotK middotVC

The solution is performed seperately in each direction with the

form

ac == _ auc + a Kx ac at ax ax clX

The finite difference solution is basPd on a flux-corrected version

of Crowelys second-order advection scheme

n+l n n n Cmiddot1 =Ci+ Fi-~ Fmiddot+1 6tl 2

where

6x 26t

+ K middot+i (C 1middot - C+1 )AXXl i l

and

= ui+1middot 6t

1X

C-27

Table 1 Description of Impact Subroutines

SUBROUUNE DESCRIPTION INPUTS OL~PJ7S

READEM

DEFINE

SUliIIARY

c-i I

deg

CQNTUR

PRINTIT

ViETSOR

MARIAH

DI ~-US

PLUMER

READ SPAE TIME INDEPENDE~T QUANTITIES OPTION ETC

ESTA3LISH USEFUL INVARIANT QUANTITIES FOR LATER PROGRAM EFFICIENCY

PRINT A SUMMARY OF TEE INITIAL STATE OF THE SYSTEM READ TERRAIN AND SURFACE ROJG-NESS DATA

PRIN CONTOUR PLOTS FROM ANY UBMTTED 2-D OR 3-D A~RA

PRINTS THE FIELD ARRAYS TO THE FIRST TWO SIGNIFICANT DIGITS FRO~ ANY SUS~ITTED 2-D OR 3-D ARRAY

HOURLY READS THE METEOROLOGIshyCAL SOURCE AND BACKGROUND DATA PRINTS SUM~ARY OP IJPUT DflTA 2~VERTS INPUT E~SSIONS ~RO~ GSEC TO SEC

CONTAI~S THE S~BROGRAM ~ES~ INTERPOLA7ES WIND STAcILIT DATA CREATES DIERGENCE-REE WIND fltISLD CJNSSTE~T ~TH WIND DATA STAB=LTY D~A amp ~RRAIN

CREATS2 A JIPUS[VITY FIELD BAS2D ON EITiER THE MR OR DEICT MODE_s

DEIERrnss E OINT SOJRCE PLJ~E RISS BASED ON 3RIGGS OR TVA ~CDELS 0 ~ jf middot_~ =--~SC L ~ J DAi

NONE

GRID SIZE CELL SIZE ElC

TERRAIN DATA SURPACE ROUGHNESS DATA PROGRAM INVARIANTS

ANY -DOR 3-D ARRAY

ANY 2-D or 3-D ARRAY

WIND Sh3I~TY POI~1~ ~OJCE AREA SCURCI BACKGROuilD DATA

WIND AND STAHLTY DATA TERRAI~ DATA

WIND AND STABIL=~v PIELDS TERRAIN A~ SURPACE ROUGHNES~ DATA

WIND AND STA~LY F~EJos ~EP~t POTN7 ~O~PC~ 2A~A

Gf~lC s~z~ CP~C~S ETC

1Ax lAx2 etc

INTERGERIZED TERRA~ ARRAY INT2ROLATED S~RFACE ROCGHNESS ARRAY FRINTS AND EDTS OF INi7IAL DATA

-middotmiddot~1middot-R Forrs

PE~H =~ur-=-2

~ 5c~middotc~ A2 3~~J~~~ t7A

--~~ middot=gt __~ s---i3=~-- ~A3

=-= middot ~-r---middot ~~s

is~~middot o~ ~-~ c= z--- middotmiddotmiddoto

i

I i I I I I i

I

I

I

I

i __j

Table 1 Description of Impact Subroutines (Continued)

3lJBR0iJ7lU~ DESCRITION IWJTS OUTUTS

() I

1

~CLLj7

AD

=~- 3

SiE6

~~E~l5

cr~pr_ir

=~ ~

CALCULATES OLLU~ANT 7RA~SORT DIFFUSION S0UCSS AND CHE~STRY CA~S~~A7ES AVERAGE SURFACE J~C~~EA~X

JDAE2 POL~U7Al~T CONC2Nshyt-=-0 D7JS T-- AJVEClO~~ J-i-J Umiddot~j~Qi middot--~ A ~r_~middot~~middot-(1RD2i CRC~~r_middotmiddot ~~ J ~ ~~middot~ ~__ 2 P 12 C middot

cr=r~_middotp_~~ ~~~ 3C2 - middot-~4-=p_~=J~-~_r -li- f ~c~-J - c J~L

~s~~ES ~~pound ~~s ~078CH~~=cA~ ~r~- ~=~G 5 JC~E ~~s~--____ _ - )-~

_~~=-~ ~- r~-r----~~=--middot~=middot ~--=~=c~~-=cA su=- __ J

-~ ~C7VE SECES

z~J _c~3 r s_middotbullViAEi J middotis -~~_J _2_famiddot2 --OJR A~JJ~ P~~~R ~275 ~5 ~ECEJ - --~ ~~~ c~~0~ J~~

WIND AND DIfSIVITY FIELDS EMISSIONS 3ACKGROUND CONCENTRAshyT~CKS Pos~=o~ 8 E~~VA7ED L~XES

~~ =~SlV~~~ c8 SJ~ c~--=- _ ~-= -middot ~_o

Cmiddot~=_middot_middot~gt-- middot~-~-=--~c(2 ~~z~s r i

SJ~SCES

C~i middot_middotr _t_~-_ _ - _-A- ~=bull~ _middot_bullr-r~bull

~rbullbull= -

_ ~- - r - - -~ middot- - - - - -

i~middot-2 x -__

-~-~--~ --

~-- =~ J~ y - -~ J-= -middot-middotmiddot_middot _ =-=-~ ~~ -3 = ~ ~middot =middot=middot -~ --middot~ -=-= ~gt

~-~~

POLLUTANT CDNCEKTR~IO~S IN TIME AND SPACE

~PDA~2J POLLUTA~T CCNCEN~RA7IDN FIELD

~~~~SJ PCLL~TA~T J~cs~RA~IQ~S

~FDA~~D S~~~A~~ cs c --1~= 0~s

JA~~J ~LC~h~T 22~CEX~RA~o~3

---3 A~- c-=r~-_1~3 shymiddot~_ R_ -

~i~S ~C ~~ 0A~ middot---~ middot-=

21 COMMON

There are three blocks of common data used in IMPACT

The first block SCALER contains all the scaler quantities

shared between subroutines The second block ONETWO contains

all the one and two-dimensional arrays that remain invarient from

problem to problem These common blocks are found in all subshy

routines except ADH CHEM3 CHEM6 CHEM15 and FINISH The

third common stock TREFOR contains the two t11ree and fourshy

dimensionalmiddot arrays that may change size from problem to problem

Rather than include this common stock in every subroutine the

common appears only in the main program and is passed to other

subroutines via the subroutine call statement Thus the user

can vary the size of the problem with a minirnum of effort (See

section 41 for a discussion on modifing the TREFOR common

block)

A glossary of common variables is given in Table 2

C-8

Table 2 Definition 6f Variables Used in COMMON

COMMONSCALAR

DX = cell size x-direction DY = cell size y-direction DZ = cell size z-direction NX = number of cells x-direction NY = number of cells y-direction NZ= number of cells z-direction NXPl = NX+l NYPl = NY+l NZPl = NZ+l NXMl = NX-1 NYMl = NY-1 NZMl = NZ-1 NUMEWD = number of wind stations TIMEND = (not currently implemented) NUMCEM = number of chemicals NUMESD = number of stability profile locations NUMHRS = number of hours simulated NUtLEPS = number of point sources NUYiASD = number of area sources NOWTIM - current hour IDOWND = wind model flag IDOCEM = chemistry model flag IDODIF = diffusion model flag IDOPLT = surface plot flag NUMBCP = number of background concentration points TGRND = temperature of ground SOLAR= flux PRESR = ambient pressure AMBCO = CO concentration ppm AMH20 =middotwater vapor concentration ppm SIMTIM = same as NOWTIM IDOPRN = print flag IDOCAL = Calcomp plotter flag IDT= number of time steps per hour HRSAVG = number of hours to be averaged DXI2 = lnx2 DYI2 = lDY2 DZI2 = lnz2 DXI == 1DX DYI = 1DYDZI = 1DZ NS= number of species NUMSRD = number of surface roughness data IDOPLM = plume rise model flagmiddot DT = time step size IDOSUR = surface plot flag

C-9

DX2 = nx2 DY2 = DY2 DZ2 = nz2 NOWEWD = time at which next wind station data read NOv7ESD = time at which next stability profile data read NOWEPS = time at which next point source data read NOWASD = time at which next area source data read NOWBCP = time at which next background concentration

data read

COMMONONETWO

EPS = point source emission array UDH = specified plume rise array -DH= plume rise array CC= cellular concentration SS = cellular source array ISKIP = subroutine control flag array IEW = I-location of wind data JEW= J-location of wind data EWS =wind speed array EWD = wind direction array EW = wind-weight array WV= measured wind speed v-direction IES = I-location of stability data JES= J-location of stability data ESS = stability profile array WU= measured wind speed u-direction IBC = I-location of badqffound concentration JBC = J-location of background concentration EBC background concentration array IPS = I-location of source JPS= J-location of source KPS = K-location of source IZO = I-location of surface roughness HPS stack height array TPS = stack gas temperature array VPS = stack volume flow array DPS= stack diameter array SPS = exhaust veJocity of stack ISS = I-location of stack JSS = J-locations of stack SSS = (not implemented) TITLE= title of run TITL = titles of field arrays JZO = J-location of surface roughness ZO = surface roughness array ILAS = low I-location of area source IHAS = high I-location of area source JLAS = low J-location of area source JHAS -- high J-location of area source EAS = area source emission array

C-10

CEMNAM = chemistry array EPST = point source emission array EAST= area source emission array

COMMON TREFOR

C = concentration arrayCA= averaged surface concentration array CT= temporary concentration array U = u-velocity V = vvelocity W = w (vertical) velocity EX= horizontal diffusivity x-direction EY = horizontal diffusivity y-direction EZ = vertical diffusivity z-direction STAB= stability array HT= terrain height array ZO = surface roughness array IHT - integerized height array

C-11

2 2 WEST WIND FIELD MODEL - SUBROUTINE MARLtlI

IMPACT is designed to be used with as little or much

data as is available since possible applications rRnge from

unmonitored wilderness to intensively instrumented research areas

Thus the wind field uses any and all available data with its

accuracy improving with increased usable data

The wind field development is diagramed in Figure 3

Atmospheric stability data are interpolated via a lr4 weightini

to produce a stability field over the computation 1 domain (10 =

A itability 70 = G stability) Wind observations are prcijected

upwards from the point measured through the portion of the grid

without any measurement Such projected data are weighted as

0001 compared with user-specified weighting of from 10 to 00

The projections are based on a power law extrapolation

of the form

for speeds Sand S0 at vertical coordinates Z 2nd Z0 respectiveshy

ly with P determined by linear interpolati0n from the following

table

A B C D E F GStability Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

p 15 17 20 26 39 48 54

The maximum wind speed allowed is 20 msec and the inishy

tial 2 0 is assumed equal to AZ2 After the wind speeds are proshy

jected upwards the wind speed and direction are resolved into U

and V vector components at every wind data site Next the entire

wind field is developed via a weighted lr2 interpolation of the

vertical profiles for each horizontal plane Up to this point

terrain has not been considered Terrain first enters by shifting

C-12

ENTER

lr4 INTERPOLATION OF STABILITY

RESOLVE AND EX1RAPOLATE

WIND PROFILES

lr2 INlERPOLATION

ADD TERRAIN

ADJUST BOUNDARY

VELOCITIES

ITERATE lO REMOVE DIVERGENCE

CALCULA E DIVERGENCE

MODIFY VELOCITY FIELD

WEIGHTED AVERAGE WITH INPUT PROFILES

REMOVE RESIDUAL

DIVERGENCE

SET TRANSPARENCIES l

( RETURN)

ZERO OBSTACLE TRANSPARENCIES

Figure 3 MARIAH Flow Diagram

C-13

The subrol

eight corners for j

profiles are incorf

aging of the iterat

iterative cycles c

of the grid This 1-xnri

lJODE=l

MH i J HCJLL

( NO[ YET l MPLEfbulllUJjJ-ll)

CALClLATJ- middot STAlll LlY SPEED L~middot~t~T

o OUT lJLmiddotliSJ BELO- TJ-HH TL

0 0 0 -1

CALCULATE v=RlICAL Drmiddotsros

L00f OVUlt VERmiddot1-AL Cl-LJS

CALCULATE HORIZONTAL

DIFliSION

RETL1RN

Figure 11 DIPFUS Flow Diagram

C-18

where

Z is the heighi above the gcound

Lis the Monin-Obukhov length and

u~ is the friction velocity

and

u~ == (0 35) Uo m((Z rl 0) (7 w+l 0)) + 2 0 tar (Z w) 1- ((Z 0 -l0)(Z 0 +10)) - 20 tan (Z 0 ) for Llt0

Zw = (10 - 15 ZwL)l 4

Z0 L) 114Z 0 == (10 - 15

U0 is wind speed at a he~ght Zw above the surface and

Zw = 622

The vertical diffusivity Dis further modified by the

function

D = D + (11 - ZZIBSE)

when 01 ZIBSE ltZlt 11 ZIBSE

For the second case (inside an elevated inversion) the

surface wind speedmiddot is set to 3 0 m sec the Monin-Ob 1 1khov length

is set to 200 and Z (the height above the surface) is measured

from ZIBSE

Above the elevated inversion the third case neutral

stability is assumed and Z is measured from the top of the invershy

sion ZITOP The vertical diffusion is then limited by 0001 m2sec

~ D ~ 1000 m2sec and assigned to the top face of the cell

C-19

The vertical diffusivity as calculalcd by Lhe DJ-JgtICT

model (Smith 1971) is more strai3htforward

where

U is the wind speed at the point of interest

aE is the standard deviation of the wind vane

fluctuation - 0E is empirically related to stability

as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 S 6---J __CT_E----+--_2_6_2--_-2_3_7___-1-84--_-1_1_9____-0-56--_-Q-~_-_]

i is the turbulence length scale (meters) and is

empirically related to stability as follows

---------------middot------------------middot-1Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

t 105 85 74 64 59 54

The horizontal diffusivities are calculated for either

diffusion option using the relation DH= aDv where a depends on

on stability as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

a 5 75 105 1 35 1 70 20

(See Figure 4-11 in the main report)

The location of the related stability vertical diffusivity and

horizontal diffusivity parameters are indicated below

C-20

vertical ____Lusivity Stabilityhorizontal

diffusivity bull

Because the diffusivities are face-centered the vertical stashy

bility is offset one-half cell above the cell center the horishy

zontal diffusivity is offset one-half cell to the left of the

cell center

C-21

24 PLUME RISE MODELS - SUBROUTINE PLUMER

The user is given the option of selecting the Briggs

1974 plume rise model the Briggs 1967 plume rise model or the

TVA plume rise model or spccifyin2i either U(tih) or Ah A flow

diagram of PLUMER is shown in Figure 5 The subroutine loops over

each source and checks whether or not the source is inside the

grid If the source is outside the grid an error rn~ssage is

printed and that source is ignored If the user has specified

AH (IDO PLM = 8) the total plume rise (H + 6H) i~ determined 0nd

the cell in which to insert the point source emissior1s is t~lcushy

lated If U(Ah) is specified (IDOPLM = 7) the velocity at the

top of the stack is calculated and AH= UAHU For either Bri~ps

model (IDOPLM = 12) and the TVA model (1DOPLM = 3) the buoyancy

parameter F and the temperature gradient at the top of the stack

are determined The plume rise 6h is calculated as described in

the following paragraphs

TVA ]974

Buoyancy F = gV (T0 -Ta)T0

where 2 g is the gravitation acceleration (98 msec )

Vis the initial volume flux divided by TI (m3sec)2

(also equal to wr where w is the exit velocity

and r is the stack inside radius)

T is the stack gas temperature (degK)0

Ta is the ambient ternpe~ature at the stack (degK) for

neutral and stable conditions

For a distance of 1824 meters (a presumed final rise)

the plume rise is calculated from

Fl36h = 173 -u- exp (-64 (3T3z + 001))

C-22

CALCULli~ VELOCITY ~T TOP l

OF STACK U=Uo(ZZol

CALCULATE BUOYANCY

TEMP GRAD

TVA

Ci~L1UJfTE

1oor OVEH

~ ~

DEiElWJNimiddot K CC(1]) I iJ YE

bullHIlE VALUES

SOUHCES

HETUHN

Figure 5 Plumer Flow Diagram

C-23

J3riggs 1967

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

where h8

is the stack height

Stable Conditions (E-F)

lih = 29 CJ~)lJ where s = t c + 001)

Briggs 1974

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

Fl3 --)23th = 1 6 -- (35 X u

middotwhere x = 14 FS8 for F lt55

__

34 F25X = for F gt55

Stable Conditions (E-F)

cl) 113th= 26 wheres= _g__ lt~ + 001)us Ta

C-24

25 POLLUTANT TRANSPORT - SUBROUTINES POLLUT ADH

The transport dispersion and transformation of pollutants

is controlled by the subroutine POLLUT Each call to POLLUT adshy

vances the simulation one hour A flow diagram of POLLUT is shovrn

in Figure 6

The advectiondiffusion time step is calculated such that

the maximum normalized flux across any cell is le2s than alpha

ie

If the time step is too larfgte or too small an error message is

printed and the program stops The time step is further adjusted

such that N advection cycles end exactly on the hour

The subroutine then loops over N time steps

(~tmiddotN = 3600 seconds)

If multiple species chemistry is requested POLLUT checks to see

if each cell is either below terrain or contains a significant

amount of tracer concentration If not the background concentrashy

tion is loaded into the cell This procedure forces those cells

not affected by point or area sources to agree with the observed

background concentration distribution

The concentrations are stored in a temporary array and

then advecteddiffused in the X Y Z direction via sucessive calls

to subroutine ADH Point and area source emissions are added If multiple species chemistry is selected the updated concentrations

in each cell are subtracted from the stored (old) concentrations

to determine the flux into each cell If there is sufficient

tracer concentration in the cell (gt10- 3 ~gm3) the appropriate

chemistry subroutine (CHEM 3 CHEM 6 CHEM 15) is called and

returns with the updated concentration

C-25

lllld1middot11 MF 11 ME sn1

HdT ibullt1HO~~

r-A -

ZF Hbulli AV U middot middot ~UhirC

CONCEJTP1-~ 1x~

STU

CALCU LTmiddot BAP 1 J i1 I 1

CONCEtTiW I _J-middot

INERT POLL UTAN

lTPDATE fOUH A1F RAcE

( RETLIHN )

Figure 6 POLLUT Plow

C-26

ADD sotHc- 1middotrmi

lERFOHbulli MlILE SECIElt Clr-ITcTRx

( CHEMi CHE~6 1

CHEM5)

LOO OVERc~is

Diagram

Finally surface concentrations are accumulated to calculate the

hour-averaBed concentrntion field

Subroutine ADH solves the differential equation describshy

ing advection and diffusion of pollutant concentration ie

~~ = -V middotUC+ VmiddotK middotVC

The solution is performed seperately in each direction with the

form

ac == _ auc + a Kx ac at ax ax clX

The finite difference solution is basPd on a flux-corrected version

of Crowelys second-order advection scheme

n+l n n n Cmiddot1 =Ci+ Fi-~ Fmiddot+1 6tl 2

where

6x 26t

+ K middot+i (C 1middot - C+1 )AXXl i l

and

= ui+1middot 6t

1X

C-27

Table 1 Description of Impact Subroutines (Continued)

3lJBR0iJ7lU~ DESCRITION IWJTS OUTUTS

() I

1

~CLLj7

AD

=~- 3

SiE6

~~E~l5

cr~pr_ir

=~ ~

CALCULATES OLLU~ANT 7RA~SORT DIFFUSION S0UCSS AND CHE~STRY CA~S~~A7ES AVERAGE SURFACE J~C~~EA~X

JDAE2 POL~U7Al~T CONC2Nshyt-=-0 D7JS T-- AJVEClO~~ J-i-J Umiddot~j~Qi middot--~ A ~r_~middot~~middot-(1RD2i CRC~~r_middotmiddot ~~ J ~ ~~middot~ ~__ 2 P 12 C middot

cr=r~_middotp_~~ ~~~ 3C2 - middot-~4-=p_~=J~-~_r -li- f ~c~-J - c J~L

~s~~ES ~~pound ~~s ~078CH~~=cA~ ~r~- ~=~G 5 JC~E ~~s~--____ _ - )-~

_~~=-~ ~- r~-r----~~=--middot~=middot ~--=~=c~~-=cA su=- __ J

-~ ~C7VE SECES

z~J _c~3 r s_middotbullViAEi J middotis -~~_J _2_famiddot2 --OJR A~JJ~ P~~~R ~275 ~5 ~ECEJ - --~ ~~~ c~~0~ J~~

WIND AND DIfSIVITY FIELDS EMISSIONS 3ACKGROUND CONCENTRAshyT~CKS Pos~=o~ 8 E~~VA7ED L~XES

~~ =~SlV~~~ c8 SJ~ c~--=- _ ~-= -middot ~_o

Cmiddot~=_middot_middot~gt-- middot~-~-=--~c(2 ~~z~s r i

SJ~SCES

C~i middot_middotr _t_~-_ _ - _-A- ~=bull~ _middot_bullr-r~bull

~rbullbull= -

_ ~- - r - - -~ middot- - - - - -

i~middot-2 x -__

-~-~--~ --

~-- =~ J~ y - -~ J-= -middot-middotmiddot_middot _ =-=-~ ~~ -3 = ~ ~middot =middot=middot -~ --middot~ -=-= ~gt

~-~~

POLLUTANT CDNCEKTR~IO~S IN TIME AND SPACE

~PDA~2J POLLUTA~T CCNCEN~RA7IDN FIELD

~~~~SJ PCLL~TA~T J~cs~RA~IQ~S

~FDA~~D S~~~A~~ cs c --1~= 0~s

JA~~J ~LC~h~T 22~CEX~RA~o~3

---3 A~- c-=r~-_1~3 shymiddot~_ R_ -

~i~S ~C ~~ 0A~ middot---~ middot-=

21 COMMON

There are three blocks of common data used in IMPACT

The first block SCALER contains all the scaler quantities

shared between subroutines The second block ONETWO contains

all the one and two-dimensional arrays that remain invarient from

problem to problem These common blocks are found in all subshy

routines except ADH CHEM3 CHEM6 CHEM15 and FINISH The

third common stock TREFOR contains the two t11ree and fourshy

dimensionalmiddot arrays that may change size from problem to problem

Rather than include this common stock in every subroutine the

common appears only in the main program and is passed to other

subroutines via the subroutine call statement Thus the user

can vary the size of the problem with a minirnum of effort (See

section 41 for a discussion on modifing the TREFOR common

block)

A glossary of common variables is given in Table 2

C-8

Table 2 Definition 6f Variables Used in COMMON

COMMONSCALAR

DX = cell size x-direction DY = cell size y-direction DZ = cell size z-direction NX = number of cells x-direction NY = number of cells y-direction NZ= number of cells z-direction NXPl = NX+l NYPl = NY+l NZPl = NZ+l NXMl = NX-1 NYMl = NY-1 NZMl = NZ-1 NUMEWD = number of wind stations TIMEND = (not currently implemented) NUMCEM = number of chemicals NUMESD = number of stability profile locations NUMHRS = number of hours simulated NUtLEPS = number of point sources NUYiASD = number of area sources NOWTIM - current hour IDOWND = wind model flag IDOCEM = chemistry model flag IDODIF = diffusion model flag IDOPLT = surface plot flag NUMBCP = number of background concentration points TGRND = temperature of ground SOLAR= flux PRESR = ambient pressure AMBCO = CO concentration ppm AMH20 =middotwater vapor concentration ppm SIMTIM = same as NOWTIM IDOPRN = print flag IDOCAL = Calcomp plotter flag IDT= number of time steps per hour HRSAVG = number of hours to be averaged DXI2 = lnx2 DYI2 = lDY2 DZI2 = lnz2 DXI == 1DX DYI = 1DYDZI = 1DZ NS= number of species NUMSRD = number of surface roughness data IDOPLM = plume rise model flagmiddot DT = time step size IDOSUR = surface plot flag

C-9

DX2 = nx2 DY2 = DY2 DZ2 = nz2 NOWEWD = time at which next wind station data read NOv7ESD = time at which next stability profile data read NOWEPS = time at which next point source data read NOWASD = time at which next area source data read NOWBCP = time at which next background concentration

data read

COMMONONETWO

EPS = point source emission array UDH = specified plume rise array -DH= plume rise array CC= cellular concentration SS = cellular source array ISKIP = subroutine control flag array IEW = I-location of wind data JEW= J-location of wind data EWS =wind speed array EWD = wind direction array EW = wind-weight array WV= measured wind speed v-direction IES = I-location of stability data JES= J-location of stability data ESS = stability profile array WU= measured wind speed u-direction IBC = I-location of badqffound concentration JBC = J-location of background concentration EBC background concentration array IPS = I-location of source JPS= J-location of source KPS = K-location of source IZO = I-location of surface roughness HPS stack height array TPS = stack gas temperature array VPS = stack volume flow array DPS= stack diameter array SPS = exhaust veJocity of stack ISS = I-location of stack JSS = J-locations of stack SSS = (not implemented) TITLE= title of run TITL = titles of field arrays JZO = J-location of surface roughness ZO = surface roughness array ILAS = low I-location of area source IHAS = high I-location of area source JLAS = low J-location of area source JHAS -- high J-location of area source EAS = area source emission array

C-10

CEMNAM = chemistry array EPST = point source emission array EAST= area source emission array

COMMON TREFOR

C = concentration arrayCA= averaged surface concentration array CT= temporary concentration array U = u-velocity V = vvelocity W = w (vertical) velocity EX= horizontal diffusivity x-direction EY = horizontal diffusivity y-direction EZ = vertical diffusivity z-direction STAB= stability array HT= terrain height array ZO = surface roughness array IHT - integerized height array

C-11

2 2 WEST WIND FIELD MODEL - SUBROUTINE MARLtlI

IMPACT is designed to be used with as little or much

data as is available since possible applications rRnge from

unmonitored wilderness to intensively instrumented research areas

Thus the wind field uses any and all available data with its

accuracy improving with increased usable data

The wind field development is diagramed in Figure 3

Atmospheric stability data are interpolated via a lr4 weightini

to produce a stability field over the computation 1 domain (10 =

A itability 70 = G stability) Wind observations are prcijected

upwards from the point measured through the portion of the grid

without any measurement Such projected data are weighted as

0001 compared with user-specified weighting of from 10 to 00

The projections are based on a power law extrapolation

of the form

for speeds Sand S0 at vertical coordinates Z 2nd Z0 respectiveshy

ly with P determined by linear interpolati0n from the following

table

A B C D E F GStability Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

p 15 17 20 26 39 48 54

The maximum wind speed allowed is 20 msec and the inishy

tial 2 0 is assumed equal to AZ2 After the wind speeds are proshy

jected upwards the wind speed and direction are resolved into U

and V vector components at every wind data site Next the entire

wind field is developed via a weighted lr2 interpolation of the

vertical profiles for each horizontal plane Up to this point

terrain has not been considered Terrain first enters by shifting

C-12

ENTER

lr4 INTERPOLATION OF STABILITY

RESOLVE AND EX1RAPOLATE

WIND PROFILES

lr2 INlERPOLATION

ADD TERRAIN

ADJUST BOUNDARY

VELOCITIES

ITERATE lO REMOVE DIVERGENCE

CALCULA E DIVERGENCE

MODIFY VELOCITY FIELD

WEIGHTED AVERAGE WITH INPUT PROFILES

REMOVE RESIDUAL

DIVERGENCE

SET TRANSPARENCIES l

( RETURN)

ZERO OBSTACLE TRANSPARENCIES

Figure 3 MARIAH Flow Diagram

C-13

The subrol

eight corners for j

profiles are incorf

aging of the iterat

iterative cycles c

of the grid This 1-xnri

lJODE=l

MH i J HCJLL

( NO[ YET l MPLEfbulllUJjJ-ll)

CALClLATJ- middot STAlll LlY SPEED L~middot~t~T

o OUT lJLmiddotliSJ BELO- TJ-HH TL

0 0 0 -1

CALCULATE v=RlICAL Drmiddotsros

L00f OVUlt VERmiddot1-AL Cl-LJS

CALCULATE HORIZONTAL

DIFliSION

RETL1RN

Figure 11 DIPFUS Flow Diagram

C-18

where

Z is the heighi above the gcound

Lis the Monin-Obukhov length and

u~ is the friction velocity

and

u~ == (0 35) Uo m((Z rl 0) (7 w+l 0)) + 2 0 tar (Z w) 1- ((Z 0 -l0)(Z 0 +10)) - 20 tan (Z 0 ) for Llt0

Zw = (10 - 15 ZwL)l 4

Z0 L) 114Z 0 == (10 - 15

U0 is wind speed at a he~ght Zw above the surface and

Zw = 622

The vertical diffusivity Dis further modified by the

function

D = D + (11 - ZZIBSE)

when 01 ZIBSE ltZlt 11 ZIBSE

For the second case (inside an elevated inversion) the

surface wind speedmiddot is set to 3 0 m sec the Monin-Ob 1 1khov length

is set to 200 and Z (the height above the surface) is measured

from ZIBSE

Above the elevated inversion the third case neutral

stability is assumed and Z is measured from the top of the invershy

sion ZITOP The vertical diffusion is then limited by 0001 m2sec

~ D ~ 1000 m2sec and assigned to the top face of the cell

C-19

The vertical diffusivity as calculalcd by Lhe DJ-JgtICT

model (Smith 1971) is more strai3htforward

where

U is the wind speed at the point of interest

aE is the standard deviation of the wind vane

fluctuation - 0E is empirically related to stability

as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 S 6---J __CT_E----+--_2_6_2--_-2_3_7___-1-84--_-1_1_9____-0-56--_-Q-~_-_]

i is the turbulence length scale (meters) and is

empirically related to stability as follows

---------------middot------------------middot-1Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

t 105 85 74 64 59 54

The horizontal diffusivities are calculated for either

diffusion option using the relation DH= aDv where a depends on

on stability as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

a 5 75 105 1 35 1 70 20

(See Figure 4-11 in the main report)

The location of the related stability vertical diffusivity and

horizontal diffusivity parameters are indicated below

C-20

vertical ____Lusivity Stabilityhorizontal

diffusivity bull

Because the diffusivities are face-centered the vertical stashy

bility is offset one-half cell above the cell center the horishy

zontal diffusivity is offset one-half cell to the left of the

cell center

C-21

24 PLUME RISE MODELS - SUBROUTINE PLUMER

The user is given the option of selecting the Briggs

1974 plume rise model the Briggs 1967 plume rise model or the

TVA plume rise model or spccifyin2i either U(tih) or Ah A flow

diagram of PLUMER is shown in Figure 5 The subroutine loops over

each source and checks whether or not the source is inside the

grid If the source is outside the grid an error rn~ssage is

printed and that source is ignored If the user has specified

AH (IDO PLM = 8) the total plume rise (H + 6H) i~ determined 0nd

the cell in which to insert the point source emissior1s is t~lcushy

lated If U(Ah) is specified (IDOPLM = 7) the velocity at the

top of the stack is calculated and AH= UAHU For either Bri~ps

model (IDOPLM = 12) and the TVA model (1DOPLM = 3) the buoyancy

parameter F and the temperature gradient at the top of the stack

are determined The plume rise 6h is calculated as described in

the following paragraphs

TVA ]974

Buoyancy F = gV (T0 -Ta)T0

where 2 g is the gravitation acceleration (98 msec )

Vis the initial volume flux divided by TI (m3sec)2

(also equal to wr where w is the exit velocity

and r is the stack inside radius)

T is the stack gas temperature (degK)0

Ta is the ambient ternpe~ature at the stack (degK) for

neutral and stable conditions

For a distance of 1824 meters (a presumed final rise)

the plume rise is calculated from

Fl36h = 173 -u- exp (-64 (3T3z + 001))

C-22

CALCULli~ VELOCITY ~T TOP l

OF STACK U=Uo(ZZol

CALCULATE BUOYANCY

TEMP GRAD

TVA

Ci~L1UJfTE

1oor OVEH

~ ~

DEiElWJNimiddot K CC(1]) I iJ YE

bullHIlE VALUES

SOUHCES

HETUHN

Figure 5 Plumer Flow Diagram

C-23

J3riggs 1967

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

where h8

is the stack height

Stable Conditions (E-F)

lih = 29 CJ~)lJ where s = t c + 001)

Briggs 1974

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

Fl3 --)23th = 1 6 -- (35 X u

middotwhere x = 14 FS8 for F lt55

__

34 F25X = for F gt55

Stable Conditions (E-F)

cl) 113th= 26 wheres= _g__ lt~ + 001)us Ta

C-24

25 POLLUTANT TRANSPORT - SUBROUTINES POLLUT ADH

The transport dispersion and transformation of pollutants

is controlled by the subroutine POLLUT Each call to POLLUT adshy

vances the simulation one hour A flow diagram of POLLUT is shovrn

in Figure 6

The advectiondiffusion time step is calculated such that

the maximum normalized flux across any cell is le2s than alpha

ie

If the time step is too larfgte or too small an error message is

printed and the program stops The time step is further adjusted

such that N advection cycles end exactly on the hour

The subroutine then loops over N time steps

(~tmiddotN = 3600 seconds)

If multiple species chemistry is requested POLLUT checks to see

if each cell is either below terrain or contains a significant

amount of tracer concentration If not the background concentrashy

tion is loaded into the cell This procedure forces those cells

not affected by point or area sources to agree with the observed

background concentration distribution

The concentrations are stored in a temporary array and

then advecteddiffused in the X Y Z direction via sucessive calls

to subroutine ADH Point and area source emissions are added If multiple species chemistry is selected the updated concentrations

in each cell are subtracted from the stored (old) concentrations

to determine the flux into each cell If there is sufficient

tracer concentration in the cell (gt10- 3 ~gm3) the appropriate

chemistry subroutine (CHEM 3 CHEM 6 CHEM 15) is called and

returns with the updated concentration

C-25

lllld1middot11 MF 11 ME sn1

HdT ibullt1HO~~

r-A -

ZF Hbulli AV U middot middot ~UhirC

CONCEJTP1-~ 1x~

STU

CALCU LTmiddot BAP 1 J i1 I 1

CONCEtTiW I _J-middot

INERT POLL UTAN

lTPDATE fOUH A1F RAcE

( RETLIHN )

Figure 6 POLLUT Plow

C-26

ADD sotHc- 1middotrmi

lERFOHbulli MlILE SECIElt Clr-ITcTRx

( CHEMi CHE~6 1

CHEM5)

LOO OVERc~is

Diagram

Finally surface concentrations are accumulated to calculate the

hour-averaBed concentrntion field

Subroutine ADH solves the differential equation describshy

ing advection and diffusion of pollutant concentration ie

~~ = -V middotUC+ VmiddotK middotVC

The solution is performed seperately in each direction with the

form

ac == _ auc + a Kx ac at ax ax clX

The finite difference solution is basPd on a flux-corrected version

of Crowelys second-order advection scheme

n+l n n n Cmiddot1 =Ci+ Fi-~ Fmiddot+1 6tl 2

where

6x 26t

+ K middot+i (C 1middot - C+1 )AXXl i l

and

= ui+1middot 6t

1X

C-27

21 COMMON

There are three blocks of common data used in IMPACT

The first block SCALER contains all the scaler quantities

shared between subroutines The second block ONETWO contains

all the one and two-dimensional arrays that remain invarient from

problem to problem These common blocks are found in all subshy

routines except ADH CHEM3 CHEM6 CHEM15 and FINISH The

third common stock TREFOR contains the two t11ree and fourshy

dimensionalmiddot arrays that may change size from problem to problem

Rather than include this common stock in every subroutine the

common appears only in the main program and is passed to other

subroutines via the subroutine call statement Thus the user

can vary the size of the problem with a minirnum of effort (See

section 41 for a discussion on modifing the TREFOR common

block)

A glossary of common variables is given in Table 2

C-8

Table 2 Definition 6f Variables Used in COMMON

COMMONSCALAR

DX = cell size x-direction DY = cell size y-direction DZ = cell size z-direction NX = number of cells x-direction NY = number of cells y-direction NZ= number of cells z-direction NXPl = NX+l NYPl = NY+l NZPl = NZ+l NXMl = NX-1 NYMl = NY-1 NZMl = NZ-1 NUMEWD = number of wind stations TIMEND = (not currently implemented) NUMCEM = number of chemicals NUMESD = number of stability profile locations NUMHRS = number of hours simulated NUtLEPS = number of point sources NUYiASD = number of area sources NOWTIM - current hour IDOWND = wind model flag IDOCEM = chemistry model flag IDODIF = diffusion model flag IDOPLT = surface plot flag NUMBCP = number of background concentration points TGRND = temperature of ground SOLAR= flux PRESR = ambient pressure AMBCO = CO concentration ppm AMH20 =middotwater vapor concentration ppm SIMTIM = same as NOWTIM IDOPRN = print flag IDOCAL = Calcomp plotter flag IDT= number of time steps per hour HRSAVG = number of hours to be averaged DXI2 = lnx2 DYI2 = lDY2 DZI2 = lnz2 DXI == 1DX DYI = 1DYDZI = 1DZ NS= number of species NUMSRD = number of surface roughness data IDOPLM = plume rise model flagmiddot DT = time step size IDOSUR = surface plot flag

C-9

DX2 = nx2 DY2 = DY2 DZ2 = nz2 NOWEWD = time at which next wind station data read NOv7ESD = time at which next stability profile data read NOWEPS = time at which next point source data read NOWASD = time at which next area source data read NOWBCP = time at which next background concentration

data read

COMMONONETWO

EPS = point source emission array UDH = specified plume rise array -DH= plume rise array CC= cellular concentration SS = cellular source array ISKIP = subroutine control flag array IEW = I-location of wind data JEW= J-location of wind data EWS =wind speed array EWD = wind direction array EW = wind-weight array WV= measured wind speed v-direction IES = I-location of stability data JES= J-location of stability data ESS = stability profile array WU= measured wind speed u-direction IBC = I-location of badqffound concentration JBC = J-location of background concentration EBC background concentration array IPS = I-location of source JPS= J-location of source KPS = K-location of source IZO = I-location of surface roughness HPS stack height array TPS = stack gas temperature array VPS = stack volume flow array DPS= stack diameter array SPS = exhaust veJocity of stack ISS = I-location of stack JSS = J-locations of stack SSS = (not implemented) TITLE= title of run TITL = titles of field arrays JZO = J-location of surface roughness ZO = surface roughness array ILAS = low I-location of area source IHAS = high I-location of area source JLAS = low J-location of area source JHAS -- high J-location of area source EAS = area source emission array

C-10

CEMNAM = chemistry array EPST = point source emission array EAST= area source emission array

COMMON TREFOR

C = concentration arrayCA= averaged surface concentration array CT= temporary concentration array U = u-velocity V = vvelocity W = w (vertical) velocity EX= horizontal diffusivity x-direction EY = horizontal diffusivity y-direction EZ = vertical diffusivity z-direction STAB= stability array HT= terrain height array ZO = surface roughness array IHT - integerized height array

C-11

2 2 WEST WIND FIELD MODEL - SUBROUTINE MARLtlI

IMPACT is designed to be used with as little or much

data as is available since possible applications rRnge from

unmonitored wilderness to intensively instrumented research areas

Thus the wind field uses any and all available data with its

accuracy improving with increased usable data

The wind field development is diagramed in Figure 3

Atmospheric stability data are interpolated via a lr4 weightini

to produce a stability field over the computation 1 domain (10 =

A itability 70 = G stability) Wind observations are prcijected

upwards from the point measured through the portion of the grid

without any measurement Such projected data are weighted as

0001 compared with user-specified weighting of from 10 to 00

The projections are based on a power law extrapolation

of the form

for speeds Sand S0 at vertical coordinates Z 2nd Z0 respectiveshy

ly with P determined by linear interpolati0n from the following

table

A B C D E F GStability Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

p 15 17 20 26 39 48 54

The maximum wind speed allowed is 20 msec and the inishy

tial 2 0 is assumed equal to AZ2 After the wind speeds are proshy

jected upwards the wind speed and direction are resolved into U

and V vector components at every wind data site Next the entire

wind field is developed via a weighted lr2 interpolation of the

vertical profiles for each horizontal plane Up to this point

terrain has not been considered Terrain first enters by shifting

C-12

ENTER

lr4 INTERPOLATION OF STABILITY

RESOLVE AND EX1RAPOLATE

WIND PROFILES

lr2 INlERPOLATION

ADD TERRAIN

ADJUST BOUNDARY

VELOCITIES

ITERATE lO REMOVE DIVERGENCE

CALCULA E DIVERGENCE

MODIFY VELOCITY FIELD

WEIGHTED AVERAGE WITH INPUT PROFILES

REMOVE RESIDUAL

DIVERGENCE

SET TRANSPARENCIES l

( RETURN)

ZERO OBSTACLE TRANSPARENCIES

Figure 3 MARIAH Flow Diagram

C-13

The subrol

eight corners for j

profiles are incorf

aging of the iterat

iterative cycles c

of the grid This 1-xnri

lJODE=l

MH i J HCJLL

( NO[ YET l MPLEfbulllUJjJ-ll)

CALClLATJ- middot STAlll LlY SPEED L~middot~t~T

o OUT lJLmiddotliSJ BELO- TJ-HH TL

0 0 0 -1

CALCULATE v=RlICAL Drmiddotsros

L00f OVUlt VERmiddot1-AL Cl-LJS

CALCULATE HORIZONTAL

DIFliSION

RETL1RN

Figure 11 DIPFUS Flow Diagram

C-18

where

Z is the heighi above the gcound

Lis the Monin-Obukhov length and

u~ is the friction velocity

and

u~ == (0 35) Uo m((Z rl 0) (7 w+l 0)) + 2 0 tar (Z w) 1- ((Z 0 -l0)(Z 0 +10)) - 20 tan (Z 0 ) for Llt0

Zw = (10 - 15 ZwL)l 4

Z0 L) 114Z 0 == (10 - 15

U0 is wind speed at a he~ght Zw above the surface and

Zw = 622

The vertical diffusivity Dis further modified by the

function

D = D + (11 - ZZIBSE)

when 01 ZIBSE ltZlt 11 ZIBSE

For the second case (inside an elevated inversion) the

surface wind speedmiddot is set to 3 0 m sec the Monin-Ob 1 1khov length

is set to 200 and Z (the height above the surface) is measured

from ZIBSE

Above the elevated inversion the third case neutral

stability is assumed and Z is measured from the top of the invershy

sion ZITOP The vertical diffusion is then limited by 0001 m2sec

~ D ~ 1000 m2sec and assigned to the top face of the cell

C-19

The vertical diffusivity as calculalcd by Lhe DJ-JgtICT

model (Smith 1971) is more strai3htforward

where

U is the wind speed at the point of interest

aE is the standard deviation of the wind vane

fluctuation - 0E is empirically related to stability

as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 S 6---J __CT_E----+--_2_6_2--_-2_3_7___-1-84--_-1_1_9____-0-56--_-Q-~_-_]

i is the turbulence length scale (meters) and is

empirically related to stability as follows

---------------middot------------------middot-1Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

t 105 85 74 64 59 54

The horizontal diffusivities are calculated for either

diffusion option using the relation DH= aDv where a depends on

on stability as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

a 5 75 105 1 35 1 70 20

(See Figure 4-11 in the main report)

The location of the related stability vertical diffusivity and

horizontal diffusivity parameters are indicated below

C-20

vertical ____Lusivity Stabilityhorizontal

diffusivity bull

Because the diffusivities are face-centered the vertical stashy

bility is offset one-half cell above the cell center the horishy

zontal diffusivity is offset one-half cell to the left of the

cell center

C-21

24 PLUME RISE MODELS - SUBROUTINE PLUMER

The user is given the option of selecting the Briggs

1974 plume rise model the Briggs 1967 plume rise model or the

TVA plume rise model or spccifyin2i either U(tih) or Ah A flow

diagram of PLUMER is shown in Figure 5 The subroutine loops over

each source and checks whether or not the source is inside the

grid If the source is outside the grid an error rn~ssage is

printed and that source is ignored If the user has specified

AH (IDO PLM = 8) the total plume rise (H + 6H) i~ determined 0nd

the cell in which to insert the point source emissior1s is t~lcushy

lated If U(Ah) is specified (IDOPLM = 7) the velocity at the

top of the stack is calculated and AH= UAHU For either Bri~ps

model (IDOPLM = 12) and the TVA model (1DOPLM = 3) the buoyancy

parameter F and the temperature gradient at the top of the stack

are determined The plume rise 6h is calculated as described in

the following paragraphs

TVA ]974

Buoyancy F = gV (T0 -Ta)T0

where 2 g is the gravitation acceleration (98 msec )

Vis the initial volume flux divided by TI (m3sec)2

(also equal to wr where w is the exit velocity

and r is the stack inside radius)

T is the stack gas temperature (degK)0

Ta is the ambient ternpe~ature at the stack (degK) for

neutral and stable conditions

For a distance of 1824 meters (a presumed final rise)

the plume rise is calculated from

Fl36h = 173 -u- exp (-64 (3T3z + 001))

C-22

CALCULli~ VELOCITY ~T TOP l

OF STACK U=Uo(ZZol

CALCULATE BUOYANCY

TEMP GRAD

TVA

Ci~L1UJfTE

1oor OVEH

~ ~

DEiElWJNimiddot K CC(1]) I iJ YE

bullHIlE VALUES

SOUHCES

HETUHN

Figure 5 Plumer Flow Diagram

C-23

J3riggs 1967

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

where h8

is the stack height

Stable Conditions (E-F)

lih = 29 CJ~)lJ where s = t c + 001)

Briggs 1974

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

Fl3 --)23th = 1 6 -- (35 X u

middotwhere x = 14 FS8 for F lt55

__

34 F25X = for F gt55

Stable Conditions (E-F)

cl) 113th= 26 wheres= _g__ lt~ + 001)us Ta

C-24

25 POLLUTANT TRANSPORT - SUBROUTINES POLLUT ADH

The transport dispersion and transformation of pollutants

is controlled by the subroutine POLLUT Each call to POLLUT adshy

vances the simulation one hour A flow diagram of POLLUT is shovrn

in Figure 6

The advectiondiffusion time step is calculated such that

the maximum normalized flux across any cell is le2s than alpha

ie

If the time step is too larfgte or too small an error message is

printed and the program stops The time step is further adjusted

such that N advection cycles end exactly on the hour

The subroutine then loops over N time steps

(~tmiddotN = 3600 seconds)

If multiple species chemistry is requested POLLUT checks to see

if each cell is either below terrain or contains a significant

amount of tracer concentration If not the background concentrashy

tion is loaded into the cell This procedure forces those cells

not affected by point or area sources to agree with the observed

background concentration distribution

The concentrations are stored in a temporary array and

then advecteddiffused in the X Y Z direction via sucessive calls

to subroutine ADH Point and area source emissions are added If multiple species chemistry is selected the updated concentrations

in each cell are subtracted from the stored (old) concentrations

to determine the flux into each cell If there is sufficient

tracer concentration in the cell (gt10- 3 ~gm3) the appropriate

chemistry subroutine (CHEM 3 CHEM 6 CHEM 15) is called and

returns with the updated concentration

C-25

lllld1middot11 MF 11 ME sn1

HdT ibullt1HO~~

r-A -

ZF Hbulli AV U middot middot ~UhirC

CONCEJTP1-~ 1x~

STU

CALCU LTmiddot BAP 1 J i1 I 1

CONCEtTiW I _J-middot

INERT POLL UTAN

lTPDATE fOUH A1F RAcE

( RETLIHN )

Figure 6 POLLUT Plow

C-26

ADD sotHc- 1middotrmi

lERFOHbulli MlILE SECIElt Clr-ITcTRx

( CHEMi CHE~6 1

CHEM5)

LOO OVERc~is

Diagram

Finally surface concentrations are accumulated to calculate the

hour-averaBed concentrntion field

Subroutine ADH solves the differential equation describshy

ing advection and diffusion of pollutant concentration ie

~~ = -V middotUC+ VmiddotK middotVC

The solution is performed seperately in each direction with the

form

ac == _ auc + a Kx ac at ax ax clX

The finite difference solution is basPd on a flux-corrected version

of Crowelys second-order advection scheme

n+l n n n Cmiddot1 =Ci+ Fi-~ Fmiddot+1 6tl 2

where

6x 26t

+ K middot+i (C 1middot - C+1 )AXXl i l

and

= ui+1middot 6t

1X

C-27

Table 2 Definition 6f Variables Used in COMMON

COMMONSCALAR

DX = cell size x-direction DY = cell size y-direction DZ = cell size z-direction NX = number of cells x-direction NY = number of cells y-direction NZ= number of cells z-direction NXPl = NX+l NYPl = NY+l NZPl = NZ+l NXMl = NX-1 NYMl = NY-1 NZMl = NZ-1 NUMEWD = number of wind stations TIMEND = (not currently implemented) NUMCEM = number of chemicals NUMESD = number of stability profile locations NUMHRS = number of hours simulated NUtLEPS = number of point sources NUYiASD = number of area sources NOWTIM - current hour IDOWND = wind model flag IDOCEM = chemistry model flag IDODIF = diffusion model flag IDOPLT = surface plot flag NUMBCP = number of background concentration points TGRND = temperature of ground SOLAR= flux PRESR = ambient pressure AMBCO = CO concentration ppm AMH20 =middotwater vapor concentration ppm SIMTIM = same as NOWTIM IDOPRN = print flag IDOCAL = Calcomp plotter flag IDT= number of time steps per hour HRSAVG = number of hours to be averaged DXI2 = lnx2 DYI2 = lDY2 DZI2 = lnz2 DXI == 1DX DYI = 1DYDZI = 1DZ NS= number of species NUMSRD = number of surface roughness data IDOPLM = plume rise model flagmiddot DT = time step size IDOSUR = surface plot flag

C-9

DX2 = nx2 DY2 = DY2 DZ2 = nz2 NOWEWD = time at which next wind station data read NOv7ESD = time at which next stability profile data read NOWEPS = time at which next point source data read NOWASD = time at which next area source data read NOWBCP = time at which next background concentration

data read

COMMONONETWO

EPS = point source emission array UDH = specified plume rise array -DH= plume rise array CC= cellular concentration SS = cellular source array ISKIP = subroutine control flag array IEW = I-location of wind data JEW= J-location of wind data EWS =wind speed array EWD = wind direction array EW = wind-weight array WV= measured wind speed v-direction IES = I-location of stability data JES= J-location of stability data ESS = stability profile array WU= measured wind speed u-direction IBC = I-location of badqffound concentration JBC = J-location of background concentration EBC background concentration array IPS = I-location of source JPS= J-location of source KPS = K-location of source IZO = I-location of surface roughness HPS stack height array TPS = stack gas temperature array VPS = stack volume flow array DPS= stack diameter array SPS = exhaust veJocity of stack ISS = I-location of stack JSS = J-locations of stack SSS = (not implemented) TITLE= title of run TITL = titles of field arrays JZO = J-location of surface roughness ZO = surface roughness array ILAS = low I-location of area source IHAS = high I-location of area source JLAS = low J-location of area source JHAS -- high J-location of area source EAS = area source emission array

C-10

CEMNAM = chemistry array EPST = point source emission array EAST= area source emission array

COMMON TREFOR

C = concentration arrayCA= averaged surface concentration array CT= temporary concentration array U = u-velocity V = vvelocity W = w (vertical) velocity EX= horizontal diffusivity x-direction EY = horizontal diffusivity y-direction EZ = vertical diffusivity z-direction STAB= stability array HT= terrain height array ZO = surface roughness array IHT - integerized height array

C-11

2 2 WEST WIND FIELD MODEL - SUBROUTINE MARLtlI

IMPACT is designed to be used with as little or much

data as is available since possible applications rRnge from

unmonitored wilderness to intensively instrumented research areas

Thus the wind field uses any and all available data with its

accuracy improving with increased usable data

The wind field development is diagramed in Figure 3

Atmospheric stability data are interpolated via a lr4 weightini

to produce a stability field over the computation 1 domain (10 =

A itability 70 = G stability) Wind observations are prcijected

upwards from the point measured through the portion of the grid

without any measurement Such projected data are weighted as

0001 compared with user-specified weighting of from 10 to 00

The projections are based on a power law extrapolation

of the form

for speeds Sand S0 at vertical coordinates Z 2nd Z0 respectiveshy

ly with P determined by linear interpolati0n from the following

table

A B C D E F GStability Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

p 15 17 20 26 39 48 54

The maximum wind speed allowed is 20 msec and the inishy

tial 2 0 is assumed equal to AZ2 After the wind speeds are proshy

jected upwards the wind speed and direction are resolved into U

and V vector components at every wind data site Next the entire

wind field is developed via a weighted lr2 interpolation of the

vertical profiles for each horizontal plane Up to this point

terrain has not been considered Terrain first enters by shifting

C-12

ENTER

lr4 INTERPOLATION OF STABILITY

RESOLVE AND EX1RAPOLATE

WIND PROFILES

lr2 INlERPOLATION

ADD TERRAIN

ADJUST BOUNDARY

VELOCITIES

ITERATE lO REMOVE DIVERGENCE

CALCULA E DIVERGENCE

MODIFY VELOCITY FIELD

WEIGHTED AVERAGE WITH INPUT PROFILES

REMOVE RESIDUAL

DIVERGENCE

SET TRANSPARENCIES l

( RETURN)

ZERO OBSTACLE TRANSPARENCIES

Figure 3 MARIAH Flow Diagram

C-13

The subrol

eight corners for j

profiles are incorf

aging of the iterat

iterative cycles c

of the grid This 1-xnri

lJODE=l

MH i J HCJLL

( NO[ YET l MPLEfbulllUJjJ-ll)

CALClLATJ- middot STAlll LlY SPEED L~middot~t~T

o OUT lJLmiddotliSJ BELO- TJ-HH TL

0 0 0 -1

CALCULATE v=RlICAL Drmiddotsros

L00f OVUlt VERmiddot1-AL Cl-LJS

CALCULATE HORIZONTAL

DIFliSION

RETL1RN

Figure 11 DIPFUS Flow Diagram

C-18

where

Z is the heighi above the gcound

Lis the Monin-Obukhov length and

u~ is the friction velocity

and

u~ == (0 35) Uo m((Z rl 0) (7 w+l 0)) + 2 0 tar (Z w) 1- ((Z 0 -l0)(Z 0 +10)) - 20 tan (Z 0 ) for Llt0

Zw = (10 - 15 ZwL)l 4

Z0 L) 114Z 0 == (10 - 15

U0 is wind speed at a he~ght Zw above the surface and

Zw = 622

The vertical diffusivity Dis further modified by the

function

D = D + (11 - ZZIBSE)

when 01 ZIBSE ltZlt 11 ZIBSE

For the second case (inside an elevated inversion) the

surface wind speedmiddot is set to 3 0 m sec the Monin-Ob 1 1khov length

is set to 200 and Z (the height above the surface) is measured

from ZIBSE

Above the elevated inversion the third case neutral

stability is assumed and Z is measured from the top of the invershy

sion ZITOP The vertical diffusion is then limited by 0001 m2sec

~ D ~ 1000 m2sec and assigned to the top face of the cell

C-19

The vertical diffusivity as calculalcd by Lhe DJ-JgtICT

model (Smith 1971) is more strai3htforward

where

U is the wind speed at the point of interest

aE is the standard deviation of the wind vane

fluctuation - 0E is empirically related to stability

as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 S 6---J __CT_E----+--_2_6_2--_-2_3_7___-1-84--_-1_1_9____-0-56--_-Q-~_-_]

i is the turbulence length scale (meters) and is

empirically related to stability as follows

---------------middot------------------middot-1Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

t 105 85 74 64 59 54

The horizontal diffusivities are calculated for either

diffusion option using the relation DH= aDv where a depends on

on stability as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

a 5 75 105 1 35 1 70 20

(See Figure 4-11 in the main report)

The location of the related stability vertical diffusivity and

horizontal diffusivity parameters are indicated below

C-20

vertical ____Lusivity Stabilityhorizontal

diffusivity bull

Because the diffusivities are face-centered the vertical stashy

bility is offset one-half cell above the cell center the horishy

zontal diffusivity is offset one-half cell to the left of the

cell center

C-21

24 PLUME RISE MODELS - SUBROUTINE PLUMER

The user is given the option of selecting the Briggs

1974 plume rise model the Briggs 1967 plume rise model or the

TVA plume rise model or spccifyin2i either U(tih) or Ah A flow

diagram of PLUMER is shown in Figure 5 The subroutine loops over

each source and checks whether or not the source is inside the

grid If the source is outside the grid an error rn~ssage is

printed and that source is ignored If the user has specified

AH (IDO PLM = 8) the total plume rise (H + 6H) i~ determined 0nd

the cell in which to insert the point source emissior1s is t~lcushy

lated If U(Ah) is specified (IDOPLM = 7) the velocity at the

top of the stack is calculated and AH= UAHU For either Bri~ps

model (IDOPLM = 12) and the TVA model (1DOPLM = 3) the buoyancy

parameter F and the temperature gradient at the top of the stack

are determined The plume rise 6h is calculated as described in

the following paragraphs

TVA ]974

Buoyancy F = gV (T0 -Ta)T0

where 2 g is the gravitation acceleration (98 msec )

Vis the initial volume flux divided by TI (m3sec)2

(also equal to wr where w is the exit velocity

and r is the stack inside radius)

T is the stack gas temperature (degK)0

Ta is the ambient ternpe~ature at the stack (degK) for

neutral and stable conditions

For a distance of 1824 meters (a presumed final rise)

the plume rise is calculated from

Fl36h = 173 -u- exp (-64 (3T3z + 001))

C-22

CALCULli~ VELOCITY ~T TOP l

OF STACK U=Uo(ZZol

CALCULATE BUOYANCY

TEMP GRAD

TVA

Ci~L1UJfTE

1oor OVEH

~ ~

DEiElWJNimiddot K CC(1]) I iJ YE

bullHIlE VALUES

SOUHCES

HETUHN

Figure 5 Plumer Flow Diagram

C-23

J3riggs 1967

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

where h8

is the stack height

Stable Conditions (E-F)

lih = 29 CJ~)lJ where s = t c + 001)

Briggs 1974

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

Fl3 --)23th = 1 6 -- (35 X u

middotwhere x = 14 FS8 for F lt55

__

34 F25X = for F gt55

Stable Conditions (E-F)

cl) 113th= 26 wheres= _g__ lt~ + 001)us Ta

C-24

25 POLLUTANT TRANSPORT - SUBROUTINES POLLUT ADH

The transport dispersion and transformation of pollutants

is controlled by the subroutine POLLUT Each call to POLLUT adshy

vances the simulation one hour A flow diagram of POLLUT is shovrn

in Figure 6

The advectiondiffusion time step is calculated such that

the maximum normalized flux across any cell is le2s than alpha

ie

If the time step is too larfgte or too small an error message is

printed and the program stops The time step is further adjusted

such that N advection cycles end exactly on the hour

The subroutine then loops over N time steps

(~tmiddotN = 3600 seconds)

If multiple species chemistry is requested POLLUT checks to see

if each cell is either below terrain or contains a significant

amount of tracer concentration If not the background concentrashy

tion is loaded into the cell This procedure forces those cells

not affected by point or area sources to agree with the observed

background concentration distribution

The concentrations are stored in a temporary array and

then advecteddiffused in the X Y Z direction via sucessive calls

to subroutine ADH Point and area source emissions are added If multiple species chemistry is selected the updated concentrations

in each cell are subtracted from the stored (old) concentrations

to determine the flux into each cell If there is sufficient

tracer concentration in the cell (gt10- 3 ~gm3) the appropriate

chemistry subroutine (CHEM 3 CHEM 6 CHEM 15) is called and

returns with the updated concentration

C-25

lllld1middot11 MF 11 ME sn1

HdT ibullt1HO~~

r-A -

ZF Hbulli AV U middot middot ~UhirC

CONCEJTP1-~ 1x~

STU

CALCU LTmiddot BAP 1 J i1 I 1

CONCEtTiW I _J-middot

INERT POLL UTAN

lTPDATE fOUH A1F RAcE

( RETLIHN )

Figure 6 POLLUT Plow

C-26

ADD sotHc- 1middotrmi

lERFOHbulli MlILE SECIElt Clr-ITcTRx

( CHEMi CHE~6 1

CHEM5)

LOO OVERc~is

Diagram

Finally surface concentrations are accumulated to calculate the

hour-averaBed concentrntion field

Subroutine ADH solves the differential equation describshy

ing advection and diffusion of pollutant concentration ie

~~ = -V middotUC+ VmiddotK middotVC

The solution is performed seperately in each direction with the

form

ac == _ auc + a Kx ac at ax ax clX

The finite difference solution is basPd on a flux-corrected version

of Crowelys second-order advection scheme

n+l n n n Cmiddot1 =Ci+ Fi-~ Fmiddot+1 6tl 2

where

6x 26t

+ K middot+i (C 1middot - C+1 )AXXl i l

and

= ui+1middot 6t

1X

C-27

DX2 = nx2 DY2 = DY2 DZ2 = nz2 NOWEWD = time at which next wind station data read NOv7ESD = time at which next stability profile data read NOWEPS = time at which next point source data read NOWASD = time at which next area source data read NOWBCP = time at which next background concentration

data read

COMMONONETWO

EPS = point source emission array UDH = specified plume rise array -DH= plume rise array CC= cellular concentration SS = cellular source array ISKIP = subroutine control flag array IEW = I-location of wind data JEW= J-location of wind data EWS =wind speed array EWD = wind direction array EW = wind-weight array WV= measured wind speed v-direction IES = I-location of stability data JES= J-location of stability data ESS = stability profile array WU= measured wind speed u-direction IBC = I-location of badqffound concentration JBC = J-location of background concentration EBC background concentration array IPS = I-location of source JPS= J-location of source KPS = K-location of source IZO = I-location of surface roughness HPS stack height array TPS = stack gas temperature array VPS = stack volume flow array DPS= stack diameter array SPS = exhaust veJocity of stack ISS = I-location of stack JSS = J-locations of stack SSS = (not implemented) TITLE= title of run TITL = titles of field arrays JZO = J-location of surface roughness ZO = surface roughness array ILAS = low I-location of area source IHAS = high I-location of area source JLAS = low J-location of area source JHAS -- high J-location of area source EAS = area source emission array

C-10

CEMNAM = chemistry array EPST = point source emission array EAST= area source emission array

COMMON TREFOR

C = concentration arrayCA= averaged surface concentration array CT= temporary concentration array U = u-velocity V = vvelocity W = w (vertical) velocity EX= horizontal diffusivity x-direction EY = horizontal diffusivity y-direction EZ = vertical diffusivity z-direction STAB= stability array HT= terrain height array ZO = surface roughness array IHT - integerized height array

C-11

2 2 WEST WIND FIELD MODEL - SUBROUTINE MARLtlI

IMPACT is designed to be used with as little or much

data as is available since possible applications rRnge from

unmonitored wilderness to intensively instrumented research areas

Thus the wind field uses any and all available data with its

accuracy improving with increased usable data

The wind field development is diagramed in Figure 3

Atmospheric stability data are interpolated via a lr4 weightini

to produce a stability field over the computation 1 domain (10 =

A itability 70 = G stability) Wind observations are prcijected

upwards from the point measured through the portion of the grid

without any measurement Such projected data are weighted as

0001 compared with user-specified weighting of from 10 to 00

The projections are based on a power law extrapolation

of the form

for speeds Sand S0 at vertical coordinates Z 2nd Z0 respectiveshy

ly with P determined by linear interpolati0n from the following

table

A B C D E F GStability Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

p 15 17 20 26 39 48 54

The maximum wind speed allowed is 20 msec and the inishy

tial 2 0 is assumed equal to AZ2 After the wind speeds are proshy

jected upwards the wind speed and direction are resolved into U

and V vector components at every wind data site Next the entire

wind field is developed via a weighted lr2 interpolation of the

vertical profiles for each horizontal plane Up to this point

terrain has not been considered Terrain first enters by shifting

C-12

ENTER

lr4 INTERPOLATION OF STABILITY

RESOLVE AND EX1RAPOLATE

WIND PROFILES

lr2 INlERPOLATION

ADD TERRAIN

ADJUST BOUNDARY

VELOCITIES

ITERATE lO REMOVE DIVERGENCE

CALCULA E DIVERGENCE

MODIFY VELOCITY FIELD

WEIGHTED AVERAGE WITH INPUT PROFILES

REMOVE RESIDUAL

DIVERGENCE

SET TRANSPARENCIES l

( RETURN)

ZERO OBSTACLE TRANSPARENCIES

Figure 3 MARIAH Flow Diagram

C-13

The subrol

eight corners for j

profiles are incorf

aging of the iterat

iterative cycles c

of the grid This 1-xnri

lJODE=l

MH i J HCJLL

( NO[ YET l MPLEfbulllUJjJ-ll)

CALClLATJ- middot STAlll LlY SPEED L~middot~t~T

o OUT lJLmiddotliSJ BELO- TJ-HH TL

0 0 0 -1

CALCULATE v=RlICAL Drmiddotsros

L00f OVUlt VERmiddot1-AL Cl-LJS

CALCULATE HORIZONTAL

DIFliSION

RETL1RN

Figure 11 DIPFUS Flow Diagram

C-18

where

Z is the heighi above the gcound

Lis the Monin-Obukhov length and

u~ is the friction velocity

and

u~ == (0 35) Uo m((Z rl 0) (7 w+l 0)) + 2 0 tar (Z w) 1- ((Z 0 -l0)(Z 0 +10)) - 20 tan (Z 0 ) for Llt0

Zw = (10 - 15 ZwL)l 4

Z0 L) 114Z 0 == (10 - 15

U0 is wind speed at a he~ght Zw above the surface and

Zw = 622

The vertical diffusivity Dis further modified by the

function

D = D + (11 - ZZIBSE)

when 01 ZIBSE ltZlt 11 ZIBSE

For the second case (inside an elevated inversion) the

surface wind speedmiddot is set to 3 0 m sec the Monin-Ob 1 1khov length

is set to 200 and Z (the height above the surface) is measured

from ZIBSE

Above the elevated inversion the third case neutral

stability is assumed and Z is measured from the top of the invershy

sion ZITOP The vertical diffusion is then limited by 0001 m2sec

~ D ~ 1000 m2sec and assigned to the top face of the cell

C-19

The vertical diffusivity as calculalcd by Lhe DJ-JgtICT

model (Smith 1971) is more strai3htforward

where

U is the wind speed at the point of interest

aE is the standard deviation of the wind vane

fluctuation - 0E is empirically related to stability

as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 S 6---J __CT_E----+--_2_6_2--_-2_3_7___-1-84--_-1_1_9____-0-56--_-Q-~_-_]

i is the turbulence length scale (meters) and is

empirically related to stability as follows

---------------middot------------------middot-1Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

t 105 85 74 64 59 54

The horizontal diffusivities are calculated for either

diffusion option using the relation DH= aDv where a depends on

on stability as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

a 5 75 105 1 35 1 70 20

(See Figure 4-11 in the main report)

The location of the related stability vertical diffusivity and

horizontal diffusivity parameters are indicated below

C-20

vertical ____Lusivity Stabilityhorizontal

diffusivity bull

Because the diffusivities are face-centered the vertical stashy

bility is offset one-half cell above the cell center the horishy

zontal diffusivity is offset one-half cell to the left of the

cell center

C-21

24 PLUME RISE MODELS - SUBROUTINE PLUMER

The user is given the option of selecting the Briggs

1974 plume rise model the Briggs 1967 plume rise model or the

TVA plume rise model or spccifyin2i either U(tih) or Ah A flow

diagram of PLUMER is shown in Figure 5 The subroutine loops over

each source and checks whether or not the source is inside the

grid If the source is outside the grid an error rn~ssage is

printed and that source is ignored If the user has specified

AH (IDO PLM = 8) the total plume rise (H + 6H) i~ determined 0nd

the cell in which to insert the point source emissior1s is t~lcushy

lated If U(Ah) is specified (IDOPLM = 7) the velocity at the

top of the stack is calculated and AH= UAHU For either Bri~ps

model (IDOPLM = 12) and the TVA model (1DOPLM = 3) the buoyancy

parameter F and the temperature gradient at the top of the stack

are determined The plume rise 6h is calculated as described in

the following paragraphs

TVA ]974

Buoyancy F = gV (T0 -Ta)T0

where 2 g is the gravitation acceleration (98 msec )

Vis the initial volume flux divided by TI (m3sec)2

(also equal to wr where w is the exit velocity

and r is the stack inside radius)

T is the stack gas temperature (degK)0

Ta is the ambient ternpe~ature at the stack (degK) for

neutral and stable conditions

For a distance of 1824 meters (a presumed final rise)

the plume rise is calculated from

Fl36h = 173 -u- exp (-64 (3T3z + 001))

C-22

CALCULli~ VELOCITY ~T TOP l

OF STACK U=Uo(ZZol

CALCULATE BUOYANCY

TEMP GRAD

TVA

Ci~L1UJfTE

1oor OVEH

~ ~

DEiElWJNimiddot K CC(1]) I iJ YE

bullHIlE VALUES

SOUHCES

HETUHN

Figure 5 Plumer Flow Diagram

C-23

J3riggs 1967

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

where h8

is the stack height

Stable Conditions (E-F)

lih = 29 CJ~)lJ where s = t c + 001)

Briggs 1974

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

Fl3 --)23th = 1 6 -- (35 X u

middotwhere x = 14 FS8 for F lt55

__

34 F25X = for F gt55

Stable Conditions (E-F)

cl) 113th= 26 wheres= _g__ lt~ + 001)us Ta

C-24

25 POLLUTANT TRANSPORT - SUBROUTINES POLLUT ADH

The transport dispersion and transformation of pollutants

is controlled by the subroutine POLLUT Each call to POLLUT adshy

vances the simulation one hour A flow diagram of POLLUT is shovrn

in Figure 6

The advectiondiffusion time step is calculated such that

the maximum normalized flux across any cell is le2s than alpha

ie

If the time step is too larfgte or too small an error message is

printed and the program stops The time step is further adjusted

such that N advection cycles end exactly on the hour

The subroutine then loops over N time steps

(~tmiddotN = 3600 seconds)

If multiple species chemistry is requested POLLUT checks to see

if each cell is either below terrain or contains a significant

amount of tracer concentration If not the background concentrashy

tion is loaded into the cell This procedure forces those cells

not affected by point or area sources to agree with the observed

background concentration distribution

The concentrations are stored in a temporary array and

then advecteddiffused in the X Y Z direction via sucessive calls

to subroutine ADH Point and area source emissions are added If multiple species chemistry is selected the updated concentrations

in each cell are subtracted from the stored (old) concentrations

to determine the flux into each cell If there is sufficient

tracer concentration in the cell (gt10- 3 ~gm3) the appropriate

chemistry subroutine (CHEM 3 CHEM 6 CHEM 15) is called and

returns with the updated concentration

C-25

lllld1middot11 MF 11 ME sn1

HdT ibullt1HO~~

r-A -

ZF Hbulli AV U middot middot ~UhirC

CONCEJTP1-~ 1x~

STU

CALCU LTmiddot BAP 1 J i1 I 1

CONCEtTiW I _J-middot

INERT POLL UTAN

lTPDATE fOUH A1F RAcE

( RETLIHN )

Figure 6 POLLUT Plow

C-26

ADD sotHc- 1middotrmi

lERFOHbulli MlILE SECIElt Clr-ITcTRx

( CHEMi CHE~6 1

CHEM5)

LOO OVERc~is

Diagram

Finally surface concentrations are accumulated to calculate the

hour-averaBed concentrntion field

Subroutine ADH solves the differential equation describshy

ing advection and diffusion of pollutant concentration ie

~~ = -V middotUC+ VmiddotK middotVC

The solution is performed seperately in each direction with the

form

ac == _ auc + a Kx ac at ax ax clX

The finite difference solution is basPd on a flux-corrected version

of Crowelys second-order advection scheme

n+l n n n Cmiddot1 =Ci+ Fi-~ Fmiddot+1 6tl 2

where

6x 26t

+ K middot+i (C 1middot - C+1 )AXXl i l

and

= ui+1middot 6t

1X

C-27

CEMNAM = chemistry array EPST = point source emission array EAST= area source emission array

COMMON TREFOR

C = concentration arrayCA= averaged surface concentration array CT= temporary concentration array U = u-velocity V = vvelocity W = w (vertical) velocity EX= horizontal diffusivity x-direction EY = horizontal diffusivity y-direction EZ = vertical diffusivity z-direction STAB= stability array HT= terrain height array ZO = surface roughness array IHT - integerized height array

C-11

2 2 WEST WIND FIELD MODEL - SUBROUTINE MARLtlI

IMPACT is designed to be used with as little or much

data as is available since possible applications rRnge from

unmonitored wilderness to intensively instrumented research areas

Thus the wind field uses any and all available data with its

accuracy improving with increased usable data

The wind field development is diagramed in Figure 3

Atmospheric stability data are interpolated via a lr4 weightini

to produce a stability field over the computation 1 domain (10 =

A itability 70 = G stability) Wind observations are prcijected

upwards from the point measured through the portion of the grid

without any measurement Such projected data are weighted as

0001 compared with user-specified weighting of from 10 to 00

The projections are based on a power law extrapolation

of the form

for speeds Sand S0 at vertical coordinates Z 2nd Z0 respectiveshy

ly with P determined by linear interpolati0n from the following

table

A B C D E F GStability Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

p 15 17 20 26 39 48 54

The maximum wind speed allowed is 20 msec and the inishy

tial 2 0 is assumed equal to AZ2 After the wind speeds are proshy

jected upwards the wind speed and direction are resolved into U

and V vector components at every wind data site Next the entire

wind field is developed via a weighted lr2 interpolation of the

vertical profiles for each horizontal plane Up to this point

terrain has not been considered Terrain first enters by shifting

C-12

ENTER

lr4 INTERPOLATION OF STABILITY

RESOLVE AND EX1RAPOLATE

WIND PROFILES

lr2 INlERPOLATION

ADD TERRAIN

ADJUST BOUNDARY

VELOCITIES

ITERATE lO REMOVE DIVERGENCE

CALCULA E DIVERGENCE

MODIFY VELOCITY FIELD

WEIGHTED AVERAGE WITH INPUT PROFILES

REMOVE RESIDUAL

DIVERGENCE

SET TRANSPARENCIES l

( RETURN)

ZERO OBSTACLE TRANSPARENCIES

Figure 3 MARIAH Flow Diagram

C-13

The subrol

eight corners for j

profiles are incorf

aging of the iterat

iterative cycles c

of the grid This 1-xnri

lJODE=l

MH i J HCJLL

( NO[ YET l MPLEfbulllUJjJ-ll)

CALClLATJ- middot STAlll LlY SPEED L~middot~t~T

o OUT lJLmiddotliSJ BELO- TJ-HH TL

0 0 0 -1

CALCULATE v=RlICAL Drmiddotsros

L00f OVUlt VERmiddot1-AL Cl-LJS

CALCULATE HORIZONTAL

DIFliSION

RETL1RN

Figure 11 DIPFUS Flow Diagram

C-18

where

Z is the heighi above the gcound

Lis the Monin-Obukhov length and

u~ is the friction velocity

and

u~ == (0 35) Uo m((Z rl 0) (7 w+l 0)) + 2 0 tar (Z w) 1- ((Z 0 -l0)(Z 0 +10)) - 20 tan (Z 0 ) for Llt0

Zw = (10 - 15 ZwL)l 4

Z0 L) 114Z 0 == (10 - 15

U0 is wind speed at a he~ght Zw above the surface and

Zw = 622

The vertical diffusivity Dis further modified by the

function

D = D + (11 - ZZIBSE)

when 01 ZIBSE ltZlt 11 ZIBSE

For the second case (inside an elevated inversion) the

surface wind speedmiddot is set to 3 0 m sec the Monin-Ob 1 1khov length

is set to 200 and Z (the height above the surface) is measured

from ZIBSE

Above the elevated inversion the third case neutral

stability is assumed and Z is measured from the top of the invershy

sion ZITOP The vertical diffusion is then limited by 0001 m2sec

~ D ~ 1000 m2sec and assigned to the top face of the cell

C-19

The vertical diffusivity as calculalcd by Lhe DJ-JgtICT

model (Smith 1971) is more strai3htforward

where

U is the wind speed at the point of interest

aE is the standard deviation of the wind vane

fluctuation - 0E is empirically related to stability

as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 S 6---J __CT_E----+--_2_6_2--_-2_3_7___-1-84--_-1_1_9____-0-56--_-Q-~_-_]

i is the turbulence length scale (meters) and is

empirically related to stability as follows

---------------middot------------------middot-1Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

t 105 85 74 64 59 54

The horizontal diffusivities are calculated for either

diffusion option using the relation DH= aDv where a depends on

on stability as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

a 5 75 105 1 35 1 70 20

(See Figure 4-11 in the main report)

The location of the related stability vertical diffusivity and

horizontal diffusivity parameters are indicated below

C-20

vertical ____Lusivity Stabilityhorizontal

diffusivity bull

Because the diffusivities are face-centered the vertical stashy

bility is offset one-half cell above the cell center the horishy

zontal diffusivity is offset one-half cell to the left of the

cell center

C-21

24 PLUME RISE MODELS - SUBROUTINE PLUMER

The user is given the option of selecting the Briggs

1974 plume rise model the Briggs 1967 plume rise model or the

TVA plume rise model or spccifyin2i either U(tih) or Ah A flow

diagram of PLUMER is shown in Figure 5 The subroutine loops over

each source and checks whether or not the source is inside the

grid If the source is outside the grid an error rn~ssage is

printed and that source is ignored If the user has specified

AH (IDO PLM = 8) the total plume rise (H + 6H) i~ determined 0nd

the cell in which to insert the point source emissior1s is t~lcushy

lated If U(Ah) is specified (IDOPLM = 7) the velocity at the

top of the stack is calculated and AH= UAHU For either Bri~ps

model (IDOPLM = 12) and the TVA model (1DOPLM = 3) the buoyancy

parameter F and the temperature gradient at the top of the stack

are determined The plume rise 6h is calculated as described in

the following paragraphs

TVA ]974

Buoyancy F = gV (T0 -Ta)T0

where 2 g is the gravitation acceleration (98 msec )

Vis the initial volume flux divided by TI (m3sec)2

(also equal to wr where w is the exit velocity

and r is the stack inside radius)

T is the stack gas temperature (degK)0

Ta is the ambient ternpe~ature at the stack (degK) for

neutral and stable conditions

For a distance of 1824 meters (a presumed final rise)

the plume rise is calculated from

Fl36h = 173 -u- exp (-64 (3T3z + 001))

C-22

CALCULli~ VELOCITY ~T TOP l

OF STACK U=Uo(ZZol

CALCULATE BUOYANCY

TEMP GRAD

TVA

Ci~L1UJfTE

1oor OVEH

~ ~

DEiElWJNimiddot K CC(1]) I iJ YE

bullHIlE VALUES

SOUHCES

HETUHN

Figure 5 Plumer Flow Diagram

C-23

J3riggs 1967

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

where h8

is the stack height

Stable Conditions (E-F)

lih = 29 CJ~)lJ where s = t c + 001)

Briggs 1974

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

Fl3 --)23th = 1 6 -- (35 X u

middotwhere x = 14 FS8 for F lt55

__

34 F25X = for F gt55

Stable Conditions (E-F)

cl) 113th= 26 wheres= _g__ lt~ + 001)us Ta

C-24

25 POLLUTANT TRANSPORT - SUBROUTINES POLLUT ADH

The transport dispersion and transformation of pollutants

is controlled by the subroutine POLLUT Each call to POLLUT adshy

vances the simulation one hour A flow diagram of POLLUT is shovrn

in Figure 6

The advectiondiffusion time step is calculated such that

the maximum normalized flux across any cell is le2s than alpha

ie

If the time step is too larfgte or too small an error message is

printed and the program stops The time step is further adjusted

such that N advection cycles end exactly on the hour

The subroutine then loops over N time steps

(~tmiddotN = 3600 seconds)

If multiple species chemistry is requested POLLUT checks to see

if each cell is either below terrain or contains a significant

amount of tracer concentration If not the background concentrashy

tion is loaded into the cell This procedure forces those cells

not affected by point or area sources to agree with the observed

background concentration distribution

The concentrations are stored in a temporary array and

then advecteddiffused in the X Y Z direction via sucessive calls

to subroutine ADH Point and area source emissions are added If multiple species chemistry is selected the updated concentrations

in each cell are subtracted from the stored (old) concentrations

to determine the flux into each cell If there is sufficient

tracer concentration in the cell (gt10- 3 ~gm3) the appropriate

chemistry subroutine (CHEM 3 CHEM 6 CHEM 15) is called and

returns with the updated concentration

C-25

lllld1middot11 MF 11 ME sn1

HdT ibullt1HO~~

r-A -

ZF Hbulli AV U middot middot ~UhirC

CONCEJTP1-~ 1x~

STU

CALCU LTmiddot BAP 1 J i1 I 1

CONCEtTiW I _J-middot

INERT POLL UTAN

lTPDATE fOUH A1F RAcE

( RETLIHN )

Figure 6 POLLUT Plow

C-26

ADD sotHc- 1middotrmi

lERFOHbulli MlILE SECIElt Clr-ITcTRx

( CHEMi CHE~6 1

CHEM5)

LOO OVERc~is

Diagram

Finally surface concentrations are accumulated to calculate the

hour-averaBed concentrntion field

Subroutine ADH solves the differential equation describshy

ing advection and diffusion of pollutant concentration ie

~~ = -V middotUC+ VmiddotK middotVC

The solution is performed seperately in each direction with the

form

ac == _ auc + a Kx ac at ax ax clX

The finite difference solution is basPd on a flux-corrected version

of Crowelys second-order advection scheme

n+l n n n Cmiddot1 =Ci+ Fi-~ Fmiddot+1 6tl 2

where

6x 26t

+ K middot+i (C 1middot - C+1 )AXXl i l

and

= ui+1middot 6t

1X

C-27

2 2 WEST WIND FIELD MODEL - SUBROUTINE MARLtlI

IMPACT is designed to be used with as little or much

data as is available since possible applications rRnge from

unmonitored wilderness to intensively instrumented research areas

Thus the wind field uses any and all available data with its

accuracy improving with increased usable data

The wind field development is diagramed in Figure 3

Atmospheric stability data are interpolated via a lr4 weightini

to produce a stability field over the computation 1 domain (10 =

A itability 70 = G stability) Wind observations are prcijected

upwards from the point measured through the portion of the grid

without any measurement Such projected data are weighted as

0001 compared with user-specified weighting of from 10 to 00

The projections are based on a power law extrapolation

of the form

for speeds Sand S0 at vertical coordinates Z 2nd Z0 respectiveshy

ly with P determined by linear interpolati0n from the following

table

A B C D E F GStability Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

p 15 17 20 26 39 48 54

The maximum wind speed allowed is 20 msec and the inishy

tial 2 0 is assumed equal to AZ2 After the wind speeds are proshy

jected upwards the wind speed and direction are resolved into U

and V vector components at every wind data site Next the entire

wind field is developed via a weighted lr2 interpolation of the

vertical profiles for each horizontal plane Up to this point

terrain has not been considered Terrain first enters by shifting

C-12

ENTER

lr4 INTERPOLATION OF STABILITY

RESOLVE AND EX1RAPOLATE

WIND PROFILES

lr2 INlERPOLATION

ADD TERRAIN

ADJUST BOUNDARY

VELOCITIES

ITERATE lO REMOVE DIVERGENCE

CALCULA E DIVERGENCE

MODIFY VELOCITY FIELD

WEIGHTED AVERAGE WITH INPUT PROFILES

REMOVE RESIDUAL

DIVERGENCE

SET TRANSPARENCIES l

( RETURN)

ZERO OBSTACLE TRANSPARENCIES

Figure 3 MARIAH Flow Diagram

C-13

The subrol

eight corners for j

profiles are incorf

aging of the iterat

iterative cycles c

of the grid This 1-xnri

lJODE=l

MH i J HCJLL

( NO[ YET l MPLEfbulllUJjJ-ll)

CALClLATJ- middot STAlll LlY SPEED L~middot~t~T

o OUT lJLmiddotliSJ BELO- TJ-HH TL

0 0 0 -1

CALCULATE v=RlICAL Drmiddotsros

L00f OVUlt VERmiddot1-AL Cl-LJS

CALCULATE HORIZONTAL

DIFliSION

RETL1RN

Figure 11 DIPFUS Flow Diagram

C-18

where

Z is the heighi above the gcound

Lis the Monin-Obukhov length and

u~ is the friction velocity

and

u~ == (0 35) Uo m((Z rl 0) (7 w+l 0)) + 2 0 tar (Z w) 1- ((Z 0 -l0)(Z 0 +10)) - 20 tan (Z 0 ) for Llt0

Zw = (10 - 15 ZwL)l 4

Z0 L) 114Z 0 == (10 - 15

U0 is wind speed at a he~ght Zw above the surface and

Zw = 622

The vertical diffusivity Dis further modified by the

function

D = D + (11 - ZZIBSE)

when 01 ZIBSE ltZlt 11 ZIBSE

For the second case (inside an elevated inversion) the

surface wind speedmiddot is set to 3 0 m sec the Monin-Ob 1 1khov length

is set to 200 and Z (the height above the surface) is measured

from ZIBSE

Above the elevated inversion the third case neutral

stability is assumed and Z is measured from the top of the invershy

sion ZITOP The vertical diffusion is then limited by 0001 m2sec

~ D ~ 1000 m2sec and assigned to the top face of the cell

C-19

The vertical diffusivity as calculalcd by Lhe DJ-JgtICT

model (Smith 1971) is more strai3htforward

where

U is the wind speed at the point of interest

aE is the standard deviation of the wind vane

fluctuation - 0E is empirically related to stability

as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 S 6---J __CT_E----+--_2_6_2--_-2_3_7___-1-84--_-1_1_9____-0-56--_-Q-~_-_]

i is the turbulence length scale (meters) and is

empirically related to stability as follows

---------------middot------------------middot-1Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

t 105 85 74 64 59 54

The horizontal diffusivities are calculated for either

diffusion option using the relation DH= aDv where a depends on

on stability as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

a 5 75 105 1 35 1 70 20

(See Figure 4-11 in the main report)

The location of the related stability vertical diffusivity and

horizontal diffusivity parameters are indicated below

C-20

vertical ____Lusivity Stabilityhorizontal

diffusivity bull

Because the diffusivities are face-centered the vertical stashy

bility is offset one-half cell above the cell center the horishy

zontal diffusivity is offset one-half cell to the left of the

cell center

C-21

24 PLUME RISE MODELS - SUBROUTINE PLUMER

The user is given the option of selecting the Briggs

1974 plume rise model the Briggs 1967 plume rise model or the

TVA plume rise model or spccifyin2i either U(tih) or Ah A flow

diagram of PLUMER is shown in Figure 5 The subroutine loops over

each source and checks whether or not the source is inside the

grid If the source is outside the grid an error rn~ssage is

printed and that source is ignored If the user has specified

AH (IDO PLM = 8) the total plume rise (H + 6H) i~ determined 0nd

the cell in which to insert the point source emissior1s is t~lcushy

lated If U(Ah) is specified (IDOPLM = 7) the velocity at the

top of the stack is calculated and AH= UAHU For either Bri~ps

model (IDOPLM = 12) and the TVA model (1DOPLM = 3) the buoyancy

parameter F and the temperature gradient at the top of the stack

are determined The plume rise 6h is calculated as described in

the following paragraphs

TVA ]974

Buoyancy F = gV (T0 -Ta)T0

where 2 g is the gravitation acceleration (98 msec )

Vis the initial volume flux divided by TI (m3sec)2

(also equal to wr where w is the exit velocity

and r is the stack inside radius)

T is the stack gas temperature (degK)0

Ta is the ambient ternpe~ature at the stack (degK) for

neutral and stable conditions

For a distance of 1824 meters (a presumed final rise)

the plume rise is calculated from

Fl36h = 173 -u- exp (-64 (3T3z + 001))

C-22

CALCULli~ VELOCITY ~T TOP l

OF STACK U=Uo(ZZol

CALCULATE BUOYANCY

TEMP GRAD

TVA

Ci~L1UJfTE

1oor OVEH

~ ~

DEiElWJNimiddot K CC(1]) I iJ YE

bullHIlE VALUES

SOUHCES

HETUHN

Figure 5 Plumer Flow Diagram

C-23

J3riggs 1967

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

where h8

is the stack height

Stable Conditions (E-F)

lih = 29 CJ~)lJ where s = t c + 001)

Briggs 1974

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

Fl3 --)23th = 1 6 -- (35 X u

middotwhere x = 14 FS8 for F lt55

__

34 F25X = for F gt55

Stable Conditions (E-F)

cl) 113th= 26 wheres= _g__ lt~ + 001)us Ta

C-24

25 POLLUTANT TRANSPORT - SUBROUTINES POLLUT ADH

The transport dispersion and transformation of pollutants

is controlled by the subroutine POLLUT Each call to POLLUT adshy

vances the simulation one hour A flow diagram of POLLUT is shovrn

in Figure 6

The advectiondiffusion time step is calculated such that

the maximum normalized flux across any cell is le2s than alpha

ie

If the time step is too larfgte or too small an error message is

printed and the program stops The time step is further adjusted

such that N advection cycles end exactly on the hour

The subroutine then loops over N time steps

(~tmiddotN = 3600 seconds)

If multiple species chemistry is requested POLLUT checks to see

if each cell is either below terrain or contains a significant

amount of tracer concentration If not the background concentrashy

tion is loaded into the cell This procedure forces those cells

not affected by point or area sources to agree with the observed

background concentration distribution

The concentrations are stored in a temporary array and

then advecteddiffused in the X Y Z direction via sucessive calls

to subroutine ADH Point and area source emissions are added If multiple species chemistry is selected the updated concentrations

in each cell are subtracted from the stored (old) concentrations

to determine the flux into each cell If there is sufficient

tracer concentration in the cell (gt10- 3 ~gm3) the appropriate

chemistry subroutine (CHEM 3 CHEM 6 CHEM 15) is called and

returns with the updated concentration

C-25

lllld1middot11 MF 11 ME sn1

HdT ibullt1HO~~

r-A -

ZF Hbulli AV U middot middot ~UhirC

CONCEJTP1-~ 1x~

STU

CALCU LTmiddot BAP 1 J i1 I 1

CONCEtTiW I _J-middot

INERT POLL UTAN

lTPDATE fOUH A1F RAcE

( RETLIHN )

Figure 6 POLLUT Plow

C-26

ADD sotHc- 1middotrmi

lERFOHbulli MlILE SECIElt Clr-ITcTRx

( CHEMi CHE~6 1

CHEM5)

LOO OVERc~is

Diagram

Finally surface concentrations are accumulated to calculate the

hour-averaBed concentrntion field

Subroutine ADH solves the differential equation describshy

ing advection and diffusion of pollutant concentration ie

~~ = -V middotUC+ VmiddotK middotVC

The solution is performed seperately in each direction with the

form

ac == _ auc + a Kx ac at ax ax clX

The finite difference solution is basPd on a flux-corrected version

of Crowelys second-order advection scheme

n+l n n n Cmiddot1 =Ci+ Fi-~ Fmiddot+1 6tl 2

where

6x 26t

+ K middot+i (C 1middot - C+1 )AXXl i l

and

= ui+1middot 6t

1X

C-27

ENTER

lr4 INTERPOLATION OF STABILITY

RESOLVE AND EX1RAPOLATE

WIND PROFILES

lr2 INlERPOLATION

ADD TERRAIN

ADJUST BOUNDARY

VELOCITIES

ITERATE lO REMOVE DIVERGENCE

CALCULA E DIVERGENCE

MODIFY VELOCITY FIELD

WEIGHTED AVERAGE WITH INPUT PROFILES

REMOVE RESIDUAL

DIVERGENCE

SET TRANSPARENCIES l

( RETURN)

ZERO OBSTACLE TRANSPARENCIES

Figure 3 MARIAH Flow Diagram

C-13

The subrol

eight corners for j

profiles are incorf

aging of the iterat

iterative cycles c

of the grid This 1-xnri

lJODE=l

MH i J HCJLL

( NO[ YET l MPLEfbulllUJjJ-ll)

CALClLATJ- middot STAlll LlY SPEED L~middot~t~T

o OUT lJLmiddotliSJ BELO- TJ-HH TL

0 0 0 -1

CALCULATE v=RlICAL Drmiddotsros

L00f OVUlt VERmiddot1-AL Cl-LJS

CALCULATE HORIZONTAL

DIFliSION

RETL1RN

Figure 11 DIPFUS Flow Diagram

C-18

where

Z is the heighi above the gcound

Lis the Monin-Obukhov length and

u~ is the friction velocity

and

u~ == (0 35) Uo m((Z rl 0) (7 w+l 0)) + 2 0 tar (Z w) 1- ((Z 0 -l0)(Z 0 +10)) - 20 tan (Z 0 ) for Llt0

Zw = (10 - 15 ZwL)l 4

Z0 L) 114Z 0 == (10 - 15

U0 is wind speed at a he~ght Zw above the surface and

Zw = 622

The vertical diffusivity Dis further modified by the

function

D = D + (11 - ZZIBSE)

when 01 ZIBSE ltZlt 11 ZIBSE

For the second case (inside an elevated inversion) the

surface wind speedmiddot is set to 3 0 m sec the Monin-Ob 1 1khov length

is set to 200 and Z (the height above the surface) is measured

from ZIBSE

Above the elevated inversion the third case neutral

stability is assumed and Z is measured from the top of the invershy

sion ZITOP The vertical diffusion is then limited by 0001 m2sec

~ D ~ 1000 m2sec and assigned to the top face of the cell

C-19

The vertical diffusivity as calculalcd by Lhe DJ-JgtICT

model (Smith 1971) is more strai3htforward

where

U is the wind speed at the point of interest

aE is the standard deviation of the wind vane

fluctuation - 0E is empirically related to stability

as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 S 6---J __CT_E----+--_2_6_2--_-2_3_7___-1-84--_-1_1_9____-0-56--_-Q-~_-_]

i is the turbulence length scale (meters) and is

empirically related to stability as follows

---------------middot------------------middot-1Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

t 105 85 74 64 59 54

The horizontal diffusivities are calculated for either

diffusion option using the relation DH= aDv where a depends on

on stability as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

a 5 75 105 1 35 1 70 20

(See Figure 4-11 in the main report)

The location of the related stability vertical diffusivity and

horizontal diffusivity parameters are indicated below

C-20

vertical ____Lusivity Stabilityhorizontal

diffusivity bull

Because the diffusivities are face-centered the vertical stashy

bility is offset one-half cell above the cell center the horishy

zontal diffusivity is offset one-half cell to the left of the

cell center

C-21

24 PLUME RISE MODELS - SUBROUTINE PLUMER

The user is given the option of selecting the Briggs

1974 plume rise model the Briggs 1967 plume rise model or the

TVA plume rise model or spccifyin2i either U(tih) or Ah A flow

diagram of PLUMER is shown in Figure 5 The subroutine loops over

each source and checks whether or not the source is inside the

grid If the source is outside the grid an error rn~ssage is

printed and that source is ignored If the user has specified

AH (IDO PLM = 8) the total plume rise (H + 6H) i~ determined 0nd

the cell in which to insert the point source emissior1s is t~lcushy

lated If U(Ah) is specified (IDOPLM = 7) the velocity at the

top of the stack is calculated and AH= UAHU For either Bri~ps

model (IDOPLM = 12) and the TVA model (1DOPLM = 3) the buoyancy

parameter F and the temperature gradient at the top of the stack

are determined The plume rise 6h is calculated as described in

the following paragraphs

TVA ]974

Buoyancy F = gV (T0 -Ta)T0

where 2 g is the gravitation acceleration (98 msec )

Vis the initial volume flux divided by TI (m3sec)2

(also equal to wr where w is the exit velocity

and r is the stack inside radius)

T is the stack gas temperature (degK)0

Ta is the ambient ternpe~ature at the stack (degK) for

neutral and stable conditions

For a distance of 1824 meters (a presumed final rise)

the plume rise is calculated from

Fl36h = 173 -u- exp (-64 (3T3z + 001))

C-22

CALCULli~ VELOCITY ~T TOP l

OF STACK U=Uo(ZZol

CALCULATE BUOYANCY

TEMP GRAD

TVA

Ci~L1UJfTE

1oor OVEH

~ ~

DEiElWJNimiddot K CC(1]) I iJ YE

bullHIlE VALUES

SOUHCES

HETUHN

Figure 5 Plumer Flow Diagram

C-23

J3riggs 1967

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

where h8

is the stack height

Stable Conditions (E-F)

lih = 29 CJ~)lJ where s = t c + 001)

Briggs 1974

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

Fl3 --)23th = 1 6 -- (35 X u

middotwhere x = 14 FS8 for F lt55

__

34 F25X = for F gt55

Stable Conditions (E-F)

cl) 113th= 26 wheres= _g__ lt~ + 001)us Ta

C-24

25 POLLUTANT TRANSPORT - SUBROUTINES POLLUT ADH

The transport dispersion and transformation of pollutants

is controlled by the subroutine POLLUT Each call to POLLUT adshy

vances the simulation one hour A flow diagram of POLLUT is shovrn

in Figure 6

The advectiondiffusion time step is calculated such that

the maximum normalized flux across any cell is le2s than alpha

ie

If the time step is too larfgte or too small an error message is

printed and the program stops The time step is further adjusted

such that N advection cycles end exactly on the hour

The subroutine then loops over N time steps

(~tmiddotN = 3600 seconds)

If multiple species chemistry is requested POLLUT checks to see

if each cell is either below terrain or contains a significant

amount of tracer concentration If not the background concentrashy

tion is loaded into the cell This procedure forces those cells

not affected by point or area sources to agree with the observed

background concentration distribution

The concentrations are stored in a temporary array and

then advecteddiffused in the X Y Z direction via sucessive calls

to subroutine ADH Point and area source emissions are added If multiple species chemistry is selected the updated concentrations

in each cell are subtracted from the stored (old) concentrations

to determine the flux into each cell If there is sufficient

tracer concentration in the cell (gt10- 3 ~gm3) the appropriate

chemistry subroutine (CHEM 3 CHEM 6 CHEM 15) is called and

returns with the updated concentration

C-25

lllld1middot11 MF 11 ME sn1

HdT ibullt1HO~~

r-A -

ZF Hbulli AV U middot middot ~UhirC

CONCEJTP1-~ 1x~

STU

CALCU LTmiddot BAP 1 J i1 I 1

CONCEtTiW I _J-middot

INERT POLL UTAN

lTPDATE fOUH A1F RAcE

( RETLIHN )

Figure 6 POLLUT Plow

C-26

ADD sotHc- 1middotrmi

lERFOHbulli MlILE SECIElt Clr-ITcTRx

( CHEMi CHE~6 1

CHEM5)

LOO OVERc~is

Diagram

Finally surface concentrations are accumulated to calculate the

hour-averaBed concentrntion field

Subroutine ADH solves the differential equation describshy

ing advection and diffusion of pollutant concentration ie

~~ = -V middotUC+ VmiddotK middotVC

The solution is performed seperately in each direction with the

form

ac == _ auc + a Kx ac at ax ax clX

The finite difference solution is basPd on a flux-corrected version

of Crowelys second-order advection scheme

n+l n n n Cmiddot1 =Ci+ Fi-~ Fmiddot+1 6tl 2

where

6x 26t

+ K middot+i (C 1middot - C+1 )AXXl i l

and

= ui+1middot 6t

1X

C-27

The subrol

eight corners for j

profiles are incorf

aging of the iterat

iterative cycles c

of the grid This 1-xnri

lJODE=l

MH i J HCJLL

( NO[ YET l MPLEfbulllUJjJ-ll)

CALClLATJ- middot STAlll LlY SPEED L~middot~t~T

o OUT lJLmiddotliSJ BELO- TJ-HH TL

0 0 0 -1

CALCULATE v=RlICAL Drmiddotsros

L00f OVUlt VERmiddot1-AL Cl-LJS

CALCULATE HORIZONTAL

DIFliSION

RETL1RN

Figure 11 DIPFUS Flow Diagram

C-18

where

Z is the heighi above the gcound

Lis the Monin-Obukhov length and

u~ is the friction velocity

and

u~ == (0 35) Uo m((Z rl 0) (7 w+l 0)) + 2 0 tar (Z w) 1- ((Z 0 -l0)(Z 0 +10)) - 20 tan (Z 0 ) for Llt0

Zw = (10 - 15 ZwL)l 4

Z0 L) 114Z 0 == (10 - 15

U0 is wind speed at a he~ght Zw above the surface and

Zw = 622

The vertical diffusivity Dis further modified by the

function

D = D + (11 - ZZIBSE)

when 01 ZIBSE ltZlt 11 ZIBSE

For the second case (inside an elevated inversion) the

surface wind speedmiddot is set to 3 0 m sec the Monin-Ob 1 1khov length

is set to 200 and Z (the height above the surface) is measured

from ZIBSE

Above the elevated inversion the third case neutral

stability is assumed and Z is measured from the top of the invershy

sion ZITOP The vertical diffusion is then limited by 0001 m2sec

~ D ~ 1000 m2sec and assigned to the top face of the cell

C-19

The vertical diffusivity as calculalcd by Lhe DJ-JgtICT

model (Smith 1971) is more strai3htforward

where

U is the wind speed at the point of interest

aE is the standard deviation of the wind vane

fluctuation - 0E is empirically related to stability

as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 S 6---J __CT_E----+--_2_6_2--_-2_3_7___-1-84--_-1_1_9____-0-56--_-Q-~_-_]

i is the turbulence length scale (meters) and is

empirically related to stability as follows

---------------middot------------------middot-1Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

t 105 85 74 64 59 54

The horizontal diffusivities are calculated for either

diffusion option using the relation DH= aDv where a depends on

on stability as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

a 5 75 105 1 35 1 70 20

(See Figure 4-11 in the main report)

The location of the related stability vertical diffusivity and

horizontal diffusivity parameters are indicated below

C-20

vertical ____Lusivity Stabilityhorizontal

diffusivity bull

Because the diffusivities are face-centered the vertical stashy

bility is offset one-half cell above the cell center the horishy

zontal diffusivity is offset one-half cell to the left of the

cell center

C-21

24 PLUME RISE MODELS - SUBROUTINE PLUMER

The user is given the option of selecting the Briggs

1974 plume rise model the Briggs 1967 plume rise model or the

TVA plume rise model or spccifyin2i either U(tih) or Ah A flow

diagram of PLUMER is shown in Figure 5 The subroutine loops over

each source and checks whether or not the source is inside the

grid If the source is outside the grid an error rn~ssage is

printed and that source is ignored If the user has specified

AH (IDO PLM = 8) the total plume rise (H + 6H) i~ determined 0nd

the cell in which to insert the point source emissior1s is t~lcushy

lated If U(Ah) is specified (IDOPLM = 7) the velocity at the

top of the stack is calculated and AH= UAHU For either Bri~ps

model (IDOPLM = 12) and the TVA model (1DOPLM = 3) the buoyancy

parameter F and the temperature gradient at the top of the stack

are determined The plume rise 6h is calculated as described in

the following paragraphs

TVA ]974

Buoyancy F = gV (T0 -Ta)T0

where 2 g is the gravitation acceleration (98 msec )

Vis the initial volume flux divided by TI (m3sec)2

(also equal to wr where w is the exit velocity

and r is the stack inside radius)

T is the stack gas temperature (degK)0

Ta is the ambient ternpe~ature at the stack (degK) for

neutral and stable conditions

For a distance of 1824 meters (a presumed final rise)

the plume rise is calculated from

Fl36h = 173 -u- exp (-64 (3T3z + 001))

C-22

CALCULli~ VELOCITY ~T TOP l

OF STACK U=Uo(ZZol

CALCULATE BUOYANCY

TEMP GRAD

TVA

Ci~L1UJfTE

1oor OVEH

~ ~

DEiElWJNimiddot K CC(1]) I iJ YE

bullHIlE VALUES

SOUHCES

HETUHN

Figure 5 Plumer Flow Diagram

C-23

J3riggs 1967

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

where h8

is the stack height

Stable Conditions (E-F)

lih = 29 CJ~)lJ where s = t c + 001)

Briggs 1974

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

Fl3 --)23th = 1 6 -- (35 X u

middotwhere x = 14 FS8 for F lt55

__

34 F25X = for F gt55

Stable Conditions (E-F)

cl) 113th= 26 wheres= _g__ lt~ + 001)us Ta

C-24

25 POLLUTANT TRANSPORT - SUBROUTINES POLLUT ADH

The transport dispersion and transformation of pollutants

is controlled by the subroutine POLLUT Each call to POLLUT adshy

vances the simulation one hour A flow diagram of POLLUT is shovrn

in Figure 6

The advectiondiffusion time step is calculated such that

the maximum normalized flux across any cell is le2s than alpha

ie

If the time step is too larfgte or too small an error message is

printed and the program stops The time step is further adjusted

such that N advection cycles end exactly on the hour

The subroutine then loops over N time steps

(~tmiddotN = 3600 seconds)

If multiple species chemistry is requested POLLUT checks to see

if each cell is either below terrain or contains a significant

amount of tracer concentration If not the background concentrashy

tion is loaded into the cell This procedure forces those cells

not affected by point or area sources to agree with the observed

background concentration distribution

The concentrations are stored in a temporary array and

then advecteddiffused in the X Y Z direction via sucessive calls

to subroutine ADH Point and area source emissions are added If multiple species chemistry is selected the updated concentrations

in each cell are subtracted from the stored (old) concentrations

to determine the flux into each cell If there is sufficient

tracer concentration in the cell (gt10- 3 ~gm3) the appropriate

chemistry subroutine (CHEM 3 CHEM 6 CHEM 15) is called and

returns with the updated concentration

C-25

lllld1middot11 MF 11 ME sn1

HdT ibullt1HO~~

r-A -

ZF Hbulli AV U middot middot ~UhirC

CONCEJTP1-~ 1x~

STU

CALCU LTmiddot BAP 1 J i1 I 1

CONCEtTiW I _J-middot

INERT POLL UTAN

lTPDATE fOUH A1F RAcE

( RETLIHN )

Figure 6 POLLUT Plow

C-26

ADD sotHc- 1middotrmi

lERFOHbulli MlILE SECIElt Clr-ITcTRx

( CHEMi CHE~6 1

CHEM5)

LOO OVERc~is

Diagram

Finally surface concentrations are accumulated to calculate the

hour-averaBed concentrntion field

Subroutine ADH solves the differential equation describshy

ing advection and diffusion of pollutant concentration ie

~~ = -V middotUC+ VmiddotK middotVC

The solution is performed seperately in each direction with the

form

ac == _ auc + a Kx ac at ax ax clX

The finite difference solution is basPd on a flux-corrected version

of Crowelys second-order advection scheme

n+l n n n Cmiddot1 =Ci+ Fi-~ Fmiddot+1 6tl 2

where

6x 26t

+ K middot+i (C 1middot - C+1 )AXXl i l

and

= ui+1middot 6t

1X

C-27

where

Z is the heighi above the gcound

Lis the Monin-Obukhov length and

u~ is the friction velocity

and

u~ == (0 35) Uo m((Z rl 0) (7 w+l 0)) + 2 0 tar (Z w) 1- ((Z 0 -l0)(Z 0 +10)) - 20 tan (Z 0 ) for Llt0

Zw = (10 - 15 ZwL)l 4

Z0 L) 114Z 0 == (10 - 15

U0 is wind speed at a he~ght Zw above the surface and

Zw = 622

The vertical diffusivity Dis further modified by the

function

D = D + (11 - ZZIBSE)

when 01 ZIBSE ltZlt 11 ZIBSE

For the second case (inside an elevated inversion) the

surface wind speedmiddot is set to 3 0 m sec the Monin-Ob 1 1khov length

is set to 200 and Z (the height above the surface) is measured

from ZIBSE

Above the elevated inversion the third case neutral

stability is assumed and Z is measured from the top of the invershy

sion ZITOP The vertical diffusion is then limited by 0001 m2sec

~ D ~ 1000 m2sec and assigned to the top face of the cell

C-19

The vertical diffusivity as calculalcd by Lhe DJ-JgtICT

model (Smith 1971) is more strai3htforward

where

U is the wind speed at the point of interest

aE is the standard deviation of the wind vane

fluctuation - 0E is empirically related to stability

as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 S 6---J __CT_E----+--_2_6_2--_-2_3_7___-1-84--_-1_1_9____-0-56--_-Q-~_-_]

i is the turbulence length scale (meters) and is

empirically related to stability as follows

---------------middot------------------middot-1Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

t 105 85 74 64 59 54

The horizontal diffusivities are calculated for either

diffusion option using the relation DH= aDv where a depends on

on stability as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

a 5 75 105 1 35 1 70 20

(See Figure 4-11 in the main report)

The location of the related stability vertical diffusivity and

horizontal diffusivity parameters are indicated below

C-20

vertical ____Lusivity Stabilityhorizontal

diffusivity bull

Because the diffusivities are face-centered the vertical stashy

bility is offset one-half cell above the cell center the horishy

zontal diffusivity is offset one-half cell to the left of the

cell center

C-21

24 PLUME RISE MODELS - SUBROUTINE PLUMER

The user is given the option of selecting the Briggs

1974 plume rise model the Briggs 1967 plume rise model or the

TVA plume rise model or spccifyin2i either U(tih) or Ah A flow

diagram of PLUMER is shown in Figure 5 The subroutine loops over

each source and checks whether or not the source is inside the

grid If the source is outside the grid an error rn~ssage is

printed and that source is ignored If the user has specified

AH (IDO PLM = 8) the total plume rise (H + 6H) i~ determined 0nd

the cell in which to insert the point source emissior1s is t~lcushy

lated If U(Ah) is specified (IDOPLM = 7) the velocity at the

top of the stack is calculated and AH= UAHU For either Bri~ps

model (IDOPLM = 12) and the TVA model (1DOPLM = 3) the buoyancy

parameter F and the temperature gradient at the top of the stack

are determined The plume rise 6h is calculated as described in

the following paragraphs

TVA ]974

Buoyancy F = gV (T0 -Ta)T0

where 2 g is the gravitation acceleration (98 msec )

Vis the initial volume flux divided by TI (m3sec)2

(also equal to wr where w is the exit velocity

and r is the stack inside radius)

T is the stack gas temperature (degK)0

Ta is the ambient ternpe~ature at the stack (degK) for

neutral and stable conditions

For a distance of 1824 meters (a presumed final rise)

the plume rise is calculated from

Fl36h = 173 -u- exp (-64 (3T3z + 001))

C-22

CALCULli~ VELOCITY ~T TOP l

OF STACK U=Uo(ZZol

CALCULATE BUOYANCY

TEMP GRAD

TVA

Ci~L1UJfTE

1oor OVEH

~ ~

DEiElWJNimiddot K CC(1]) I iJ YE

bullHIlE VALUES

SOUHCES

HETUHN

Figure 5 Plumer Flow Diagram

C-23

J3riggs 1967

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

where h8

is the stack height

Stable Conditions (E-F)

lih = 29 CJ~)lJ where s = t c + 001)

Briggs 1974

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

Fl3 --)23th = 1 6 -- (35 X u

middotwhere x = 14 FS8 for F lt55

__

34 F25X = for F gt55

Stable Conditions (E-F)

cl) 113th= 26 wheres= _g__ lt~ + 001)us Ta

C-24

25 POLLUTANT TRANSPORT - SUBROUTINES POLLUT ADH

The transport dispersion and transformation of pollutants

is controlled by the subroutine POLLUT Each call to POLLUT adshy

vances the simulation one hour A flow diagram of POLLUT is shovrn

in Figure 6

The advectiondiffusion time step is calculated such that

the maximum normalized flux across any cell is le2s than alpha

ie

If the time step is too larfgte or too small an error message is

printed and the program stops The time step is further adjusted

such that N advection cycles end exactly on the hour

The subroutine then loops over N time steps

(~tmiddotN = 3600 seconds)

If multiple species chemistry is requested POLLUT checks to see

if each cell is either below terrain or contains a significant

amount of tracer concentration If not the background concentrashy

tion is loaded into the cell This procedure forces those cells

not affected by point or area sources to agree with the observed

background concentration distribution

The concentrations are stored in a temporary array and

then advecteddiffused in the X Y Z direction via sucessive calls

to subroutine ADH Point and area source emissions are added If multiple species chemistry is selected the updated concentrations

in each cell are subtracted from the stored (old) concentrations

to determine the flux into each cell If there is sufficient

tracer concentration in the cell (gt10- 3 ~gm3) the appropriate

chemistry subroutine (CHEM 3 CHEM 6 CHEM 15) is called and

returns with the updated concentration

C-25

lllld1middot11 MF 11 ME sn1

HdT ibullt1HO~~

r-A -

ZF Hbulli AV U middot middot ~UhirC

CONCEJTP1-~ 1x~

STU

CALCU LTmiddot BAP 1 J i1 I 1

CONCEtTiW I _J-middot

INERT POLL UTAN

lTPDATE fOUH A1F RAcE

( RETLIHN )

Figure 6 POLLUT Plow

C-26

ADD sotHc- 1middotrmi

lERFOHbulli MlILE SECIElt Clr-ITcTRx

( CHEMi CHE~6 1

CHEM5)

LOO OVERc~is

Diagram

Finally surface concentrations are accumulated to calculate the

hour-averaBed concentrntion field

Subroutine ADH solves the differential equation describshy

ing advection and diffusion of pollutant concentration ie

~~ = -V middotUC+ VmiddotK middotVC

The solution is performed seperately in each direction with the

form

ac == _ auc + a Kx ac at ax ax clX

The finite difference solution is basPd on a flux-corrected version

of Crowelys second-order advection scheme

n+l n n n Cmiddot1 =Ci+ Fi-~ Fmiddot+1 6tl 2

where

6x 26t

+ K middot+i (C 1middot - C+1 )AXXl i l

and

= ui+1middot 6t

1X

C-27

The vertical diffusivity as calculalcd by Lhe DJ-JgtICT

model (Smith 1971) is more strai3htforward

where

U is the wind speed at the point of interest

aE is the standard deviation of the wind vane

fluctuation - 0E is empirically related to stability

as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 S 6---J __CT_E----+--_2_6_2--_-2_3_7___-1-84--_-1_1_9____-0-56--_-Q-~_-_]

i is the turbulence length scale (meters) and is

empirically related to stability as follows

---------------middot------------------middot-1Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

t 105 85 74 64 59 54

The horizontal diffusivities are calculated for either

diffusion option using the relation DH= aDv where a depends on

on stability as follows

Stability 1 2 3 4 5 6

a 5 75 105 1 35 1 70 20

(See Figure 4-11 in the main report)

The location of the related stability vertical diffusivity and

horizontal diffusivity parameters are indicated below

C-20

vertical ____Lusivity Stabilityhorizontal

diffusivity bull

Because the diffusivities are face-centered the vertical stashy

bility is offset one-half cell above the cell center the horishy

zontal diffusivity is offset one-half cell to the left of the

cell center

C-21

24 PLUME RISE MODELS - SUBROUTINE PLUMER

The user is given the option of selecting the Briggs

1974 plume rise model the Briggs 1967 plume rise model or the

TVA plume rise model or spccifyin2i either U(tih) or Ah A flow

diagram of PLUMER is shown in Figure 5 The subroutine loops over

each source and checks whether or not the source is inside the

grid If the source is outside the grid an error rn~ssage is

printed and that source is ignored If the user has specified

AH (IDO PLM = 8) the total plume rise (H + 6H) i~ determined 0nd

the cell in which to insert the point source emissior1s is t~lcushy

lated If U(Ah) is specified (IDOPLM = 7) the velocity at the

top of the stack is calculated and AH= UAHU For either Bri~ps

model (IDOPLM = 12) and the TVA model (1DOPLM = 3) the buoyancy

parameter F and the temperature gradient at the top of the stack

are determined The plume rise 6h is calculated as described in

the following paragraphs

TVA ]974

Buoyancy F = gV (T0 -Ta)T0

where 2 g is the gravitation acceleration (98 msec )

Vis the initial volume flux divided by TI (m3sec)2

(also equal to wr where w is the exit velocity

and r is the stack inside radius)

T is the stack gas temperature (degK)0

Ta is the ambient ternpe~ature at the stack (degK) for

neutral and stable conditions

For a distance of 1824 meters (a presumed final rise)

the plume rise is calculated from

Fl36h = 173 -u- exp (-64 (3T3z + 001))

C-22

CALCULli~ VELOCITY ~T TOP l

OF STACK U=Uo(ZZol

CALCULATE BUOYANCY

TEMP GRAD

TVA

Ci~L1UJfTE

1oor OVEH

~ ~

DEiElWJNimiddot K CC(1]) I iJ YE

bullHIlE VALUES

SOUHCES

HETUHN

Figure 5 Plumer Flow Diagram

C-23

J3riggs 1967

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

where h8

is the stack height

Stable Conditions (E-F)

lih = 29 CJ~)lJ where s = t c + 001)

Briggs 1974

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

Fl3 --)23th = 1 6 -- (35 X u

middotwhere x = 14 FS8 for F lt55

__

34 F25X = for F gt55

Stable Conditions (E-F)

cl) 113th= 26 wheres= _g__ lt~ + 001)us Ta

C-24

25 POLLUTANT TRANSPORT - SUBROUTINES POLLUT ADH

The transport dispersion and transformation of pollutants

is controlled by the subroutine POLLUT Each call to POLLUT adshy

vances the simulation one hour A flow diagram of POLLUT is shovrn

in Figure 6

The advectiondiffusion time step is calculated such that

the maximum normalized flux across any cell is le2s than alpha

ie

If the time step is too larfgte or too small an error message is

printed and the program stops The time step is further adjusted

such that N advection cycles end exactly on the hour

The subroutine then loops over N time steps

(~tmiddotN = 3600 seconds)

If multiple species chemistry is requested POLLUT checks to see

if each cell is either below terrain or contains a significant

amount of tracer concentration If not the background concentrashy

tion is loaded into the cell This procedure forces those cells

not affected by point or area sources to agree with the observed

background concentration distribution

The concentrations are stored in a temporary array and

then advecteddiffused in the X Y Z direction via sucessive calls

to subroutine ADH Point and area source emissions are added If multiple species chemistry is selected the updated concentrations

in each cell are subtracted from the stored (old) concentrations

to determine the flux into each cell If there is sufficient

tracer concentration in the cell (gt10- 3 ~gm3) the appropriate

chemistry subroutine (CHEM 3 CHEM 6 CHEM 15) is called and

returns with the updated concentration

C-25

lllld1middot11 MF 11 ME sn1

HdT ibullt1HO~~

r-A -

ZF Hbulli AV U middot middot ~UhirC

CONCEJTP1-~ 1x~

STU

CALCU LTmiddot BAP 1 J i1 I 1

CONCEtTiW I _J-middot

INERT POLL UTAN

lTPDATE fOUH A1F RAcE

( RETLIHN )

Figure 6 POLLUT Plow

C-26

ADD sotHc- 1middotrmi

lERFOHbulli MlILE SECIElt Clr-ITcTRx

( CHEMi CHE~6 1

CHEM5)

LOO OVERc~is

Diagram

Finally surface concentrations are accumulated to calculate the

hour-averaBed concentrntion field

Subroutine ADH solves the differential equation describshy

ing advection and diffusion of pollutant concentration ie

~~ = -V middotUC+ VmiddotK middotVC

The solution is performed seperately in each direction with the

form

ac == _ auc + a Kx ac at ax ax clX

The finite difference solution is basPd on a flux-corrected version

of Crowelys second-order advection scheme

n+l n n n Cmiddot1 =Ci+ Fi-~ Fmiddot+1 6tl 2

where

6x 26t

+ K middot+i (C 1middot - C+1 )AXXl i l

and

= ui+1middot 6t

1X

C-27

vertical ____Lusivity Stabilityhorizontal

diffusivity bull

Because the diffusivities are face-centered the vertical stashy

bility is offset one-half cell above the cell center the horishy

zontal diffusivity is offset one-half cell to the left of the

cell center

C-21

24 PLUME RISE MODELS - SUBROUTINE PLUMER

The user is given the option of selecting the Briggs

1974 plume rise model the Briggs 1967 plume rise model or the

TVA plume rise model or spccifyin2i either U(tih) or Ah A flow

diagram of PLUMER is shown in Figure 5 The subroutine loops over

each source and checks whether or not the source is inside the

grid If the source is outside the grid an error rn~ssage is

printed and that source is ignored If the user has specified

AH (IDO PLM = 8) the total plume rise (H + 6H) i~ determined 0nd

the cell in which to insert the point source emissior1s is t~lcushy

lated If U(Ah) is specified (IDOPLM = 7) the velocity at the

top of the stack is calculated and AH= UAHU For either Bri~ps

model (IDOPLM = 12) and the TVA model (1DOPLM = 3) the buoyancy

parameter F and the temperature gradient at the top of the stack

are determined The plume rise 6h is calculated as described in

the following paragraphs

TVA ]974

Buoyancy F = gV (T0 -Ta)T0

where 2 g is the gravitation acceleration (98 msec )

Vis the initial volume flux divided by TI (m3sec)2

(also equal to wr where w is the exit velocity

and r is the stack inside radius)

T is the stack gas temperature (degK)0

Ta is the ambient ternpe~ature at the stack (degK) for

neutral and stable conditions

For a distance of 1824 meters (a presumed final rise)

the plume rise is calculated from

Fl36h = 173 -u- exp (-64 (3T3z + 001))

C-22

CALCULli~ VELOCITY ~T TOP l

OF STACK U=Uo(ZZol

CALCULATE BUOYANCY

TEMP GRAD

TVA

Ci~L1UJfTE

1oor OVEH

~ ~

DEiElWJNimiddot K CC(1]) I iJ YE

bullHIlE VALUES

SOUHCES

HETUHN

Figure 5 Plumer Flow Diagram

C-23

J3riggs 1967

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

where h8

is the stack height

Stable Conditions (E-F)

lih = 29 CJ~)lJ where s = t c + 001)

Briggs 1974

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

Fl3 --)23th = 1 6 -- (35 X u

middotwhere x = 14 FS8 for F lt55

__

34 F25X = for F gt55

Stable Conditions (E-F)

cl) 113th= 26 wheres= _g__ lt~ + 001)us Ta

C-24

25 POLLUTANT TRANSPORT - SUBROUTINES POLLUT ADH

The transport dispersion and transformation of pollutants

is controlled by the subroutine POLLUT Each call to POLLUT adshy

vances the simulation one hour A flow diagram of POLLUT is shovrn

in Figure 6

The advectiondiffusion time step is calculated such that

the maximum normalized flux across any cell is le2s than alpha

ie

If the time step is too larfgte or too small an error message is

printed and the program stops The time step is further adjusted

such that N advection cycles end exactly on the hour

The subroutine then loops over N time steps

(~tmiddotN = 3600 seconds)

If multiple species chemistry is requested POLLUT checks to see

if each cell is either below terrain or contains a significant

amount of tracer concentration If not the background concentrashy

tion is loaded into the cell This procedure forces those cells

not affected by point or area sources to agree with the observed

background concentration distribution

The concentrations are stored in a temporary array and

then advecteddiffused in the X Y Z direction via sucessive calls

to subroutine ADH Point and area source emissions are added If multiple species chemistry is selected the updated concentrations

in each cell are subtracted from the stored (old) concentrations

to determine the flux into each cell If there is sufficient

tracer concentration in the cell (gt10- 3 ~gm3) the appropriate

chemistry subroutine (CHEM 3 CHEM 6 CHEM 15) is called and

returns with the updated concentration

C-25

lllld1middot11 MF 11 ME sn1

HdT ibullt1HO~~

r-A -

ZF Hbulli AV U middot middot ~UhirC

CONCEJTP1-~ 1x~

STU

CALCU LTmiddot BAP 1 J i1 I 1

CONCEtTiW I _J-middot

INERT POLL UTAN

lTPDATE fOUH A1F RAcE

( RETLIHN )

Figure 6 POLLUT Plow

C-26

ADD sotHc- 1middotrmi

lERFOHbulli MlILE SECIElt Clr-ITcTRx

( CHEMi CHE~6 1

CHEM5)

LOO OVERc~is

Diagram

Finally surface concentrations are accumulated to calculate the

hour-averaBed concentrntion field

Subroutine ADH solves the differential equation describshy

ing advection and diffusion of pollutant concentration ie

~~ = -V middotUC+ VmiddotK middotVC

The solution is performed seperately in each direction with the

form

ac == _ auc + a Kx ac at ax ax clX

The finite difference solution is basPd on a flux-corrected version

of Crowelys second-order advection scheme

n+l n n n Cmiddot1 =Ci+ Fi-~ Fmiddot+1 6tl 2

where

6x 26t

+ K middot+i (C 1middot - C+1 )AXXl i l

and

= ui+1middot 6t

1X

C-27

24 PLUME RISE MODELS - SUBROUTINE PLUMER

The user is given the option of selecting the Briggs

1974 plume rise model the Briggs 1967 plume rise model or the

TVA plume rise model or spccifyin2i either U(tih) or Ah A flow

diagram of PLUMER is shown in Figure 5 The subroutine loops over

each source and checks whether or not the source is inside the

grid If the source is outside the grid an error rn~ssage is

printed and that source is ignored If the user has specified

AH (IDO PLM = 8) the total plume rise (H + 6H) i~ determined 0nd

the cell in which to insert the point source emissior1s is t~lcushy

lated If U(Ah) is specified (IDOPLM = 7) the velocity at the

top of the stack is calculated and AH= UAHU For either Bri~ps

model (IDOPLM = 12) and the TVA model (1DOPLM = 3) the buoyancy

parameter F and the temperature gradient at the top of the stack

are determined The plume rise 6h is calculated as described in

the following paragraphs

TVA ]974

Buoyancy F = gV (T0 -Ta)T0

where 2 g is the gravitation acceleration (98 msec )

Vis the initial volume flux divided by TI (m3sec)2

(also equal to wr where w is the exit velocity

and r is the stack inside radius)

T is the stack gas temperature (degK)0

Ta is the ambient ternpe~ature at the stack (degK) for

neutral and stable conditions

For a distance of 1824 meters (a presumed final rise)

the plume rise is calculated from

Fl36h = 173 -u- exp (-64 (3T3z + 001))

C-22

CALCULli~ VELOCITY ~T TOP l

OF STACK U=Uo(ZZol

CALCULATE BUOYANCY

TEMP GRAD

TVA

Ci~L1UJfTE

1oor OVEH

~ ~

DEiElWJNimiddot K CC(1]) I iJ YE

bullHIlE VALUES

SOUHCES

HETUHN

Figure 5 Plumer Flow Diagram

C-23

J3riggs 1967

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

where h8

is the stack height

Stable Conditions (E-F)

lih = 29 CJ~)lJ where s = t c + 001)

Briggs 1974

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

Fl3 --)23th = 1 6 -- (35 X u

middotwhere x = 14 FS8 for F lt55

__

34 F25X = for F gt55

Stable Conditions (E-F)

cl) 113th= 26 wheres= _g__ lt~ + 001)us Ta

C-24

25 POLLUTANT TRANSPORT - SUBROUTINES POLLUT ADH

The transport dispersion and transformation of pollutants

is controlled by the subroutine POLLUT Each call to POLLUT adshy

vances the simulation one hour A flow diagram of POLLUT is shovrn

in Figure 6

The advectiondiffusion time step is calculated such that

the maximum normalized flux across any cell is le2s than alpha

ie

If the time step is too larfgte or too small an error message is

printed and the program stops The time step is further adjusted

such that N advection cycles end exactly on the hour

The subroutine then loops over N time steps

(~tmiddotN = 3600 seconds)

If multiple species chemistry is requested POLLUT checks to see

if each cell is either below terrain or contains a significant

amount of tracer concentration If not the background concentrashy

tion is loaded into the cell This procedure forces those cells

not affected by point or area sources to agree with the observed

background concentration distribution

The concentrations are stored in a temporary array and

then advecteddiffused in the X Y Z direction via sucessive calls

to subroutine ADH Point and area source emissions are added If multiple species chemistry is selected the updated concentrations

in each cell are subtracted from the stored (old) concentrations

to determine the flux into each cell If there is sufficient

tracer concentration in the cell (gt10- 3 ~gm3) the appropriate

chemistry subroutine (CHEM 3 CHEM 6 CHEM 15) is called and

returns with the updated concentration

C-25

lllld1middot11 MF 11 ME sn1

HdT ibullt1HO~~

r-A -

ZF Hbulli AV U middot middot ~UhirC

CONCEJTP1-~ 1x~

STU

CALCU LTmiddot BAP 1 J i1 I 1

CONCEtTiW I _J-middot

INERT POLL UTAN

lTPDATE fOUH A1F RAcE

( RETLIHN )

Figure 6 POLLUT Plow

C-26

ADD sotHc- 1middotrmi

lERFOHbulli MlILE SECIElt Clr-ITcTRx

( CHEMi CHE~6 1

CHEM5)

LOO OVERc~is

Diagram

Finally surface concentrations are accumulated to calculate the

hour-averaBed concentrntion field

Subroutine ADH solves the differential equation describshy

ing advection and diffusion of pollutant concentration ie

~~ = -V middotUC+ VmiddotK middotVC

The solution is performed seperately in each direction with the

form

ac == _ auc + a Kx ac at ax ax clX

The finite difference solution is basPd on a flux-corrected version

of Crowelys second-order advection scheme

n+l n n n Cmiddot1 =Ci+ Fi-~ Fmiddot+1 6tl 2

where

6x 26t

+ K middot+i (C 1middot - C+1 )AXXl i l

and

= ui+1middot 6t

1X

C-27

CALCULli~ VELOCITY ~T TOP l

OF STACK U=Uo(ZZol

CALCULATE BUOYANCY

TEMP GRAD

TVA

Ci~L1UJfTE

1oor OVEH

~ ~

DEiElWJNimiddot K CC(1]) I iJ YE

bullHIlE VALUES

SOUHCES

HETUHN

Figure 5 Plumer Flow Diagram

C-23

J3riggs 1967

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

where h8

is the stack height

Stable Conditions (E-F)

lih = 29 CJ~)lJ where s = t c + 001)

Briggs 1974

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

Fl3 --)23th = 1 6 -- (35 X u

middotwhere x = 14 FS8 for F lt55

__

34 F25X = for F gt55

Stable Conditions (E-F)

cl) 113th= 26 wheres= _g__ lt~ + 001)us Ta

C-24

25 POLLUTANT TRANSPORT - SUBROUTINES POLLUT ADH

The transport dispersion and transformation of pollutants

is controlled by the subroutine POLLUT Each call to POLLUT adshy

vances the simulation one hour A flow diagram of POLLUT is shovrn

in Figure 6

The advectiondiffusion time step is calculated such that

the maximum normalized flux across any cell is le2s than alpha

ie

If the time step is too larfgte or too small an error message is

printed and the program stops The time step is further adjusted

such that N advection cycles end exactly on the hour

The subroutine then loops over N time steps

(~tmiddotN = 3600 seconds)

If multiple species chemistry is requested POLLUT checks to see

if each cell is either below terrain or contains a significant

amount of tracer concentration If not the background concentrashy

tion is loaded into the cell This procedure forces those cells

not affected by point or area sources to agree with the observed

background concentration distribution

The concentrations are stored in a temporary array and

then advecteddiffused in the X Y Z direction via sucessive calls

to subroutine ADH Point and area source emissions are added If multiple species chemistry is selected the updated concentrations

in each cell are subtracted from the stored (old) concentrations

to determine the flux into each cell If there is sufficient

tracer concentration in the cell (gt10- 3 ~gm3) the appropriate

chemistry subroutine (CHEM 3 CHEM 6 CHEM 15) is called and

returns with the updated concentration

C-25

lllld1middot11 MF 11 ME sn1

HdT ibullt1HO~~

r-A -

ZF Hbulli AV U middot middot ~UhirC

CONCEJTP1-~ 1x~

STU

CALCU LTmiddot BAP 1 J i1 I 1

CONCEtTiW I _J-middot

INERT POLL UTAN

lTPDATE fOUH A1F RAcE

( RETLIHN )

Figure 6 POLLUT Plow

C-26

ADD sotHc- 1middotrmi

lERFOHbulli MlILE SECIElt Clr-ITcTRx

( CHEMi CHE~6 1

CHEM5)

LOO OVERc~is

Diagram

Finally surface concentrations are accumulated to calculate the

hour-averaBed concentrntion field

Subroutine ADH solves the differential equation describshy

ing advection and diffusion of pollutant concentration ie

~~ = -V middotUC+ VmiddotK middotVC

The solution is performed seperately in each direction with the

form

ac == _ auc + a Kx ac at ax ax clX

The finite difference solution is basPd on a flux-corrected version

of Crowelys second-order advection scheme

n+l n n n Cmiddot1 =Ci+ Fi-~ Fmiddot+1 6tl 2

where

6x 26t

+ K middot+i (C 1middot - C+1 )AXXl i l

and

= ui+1middot 6t

1X

C-27

J3riggs 1967

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

where h8

is the stack height

Stable Conditions (E-F)

lih = 29 CJ~)lJ where s = t c + 001)

Briggs 1974

Neutral and Unstable (A-D)

Fl3 --)23th = 1 6 -- (35 X u

middotwhere x = 14 FS8 for F lt55

__

34 F25X = for F gt55

Stable Conditions (E-F)

cl) 113th= 26 wheres= _g__ lt~ + 001)us Ta

C-24

25 POLLUTANT TRANSPORT - SUBROUTINES POLLUT ADH

The transport dispersion and transformation of pollutants

is controlled by the subroutine POLLUT Each call to POLLUT adshy

vances the simulation one hour A flow diagram of POLLUT is shovrn

in Figure 6

The advectiondiffusion time step is calculated such that

the maximum normalized flux across any cell is le2s than alpha

ie

If the time step is too larfgte or too small an error message is

printed and the program stops The time step is further adjusted

such that N advection cycles end exactly on the hour

The subroutine then loops over N time steps

(~tmiddotN = 3600 seconds)

If multiple species chemistry is requested POLLUT checks to see

if each cell is either below terrain or contains a significant

amount of tracer concentration If not the background concentrashy

tion is loaded into the cell This procedure forces those cells

not affected by point or area sources to agree with the observed

background concentration distribution

The concentrations are stored in a temporary array and

then advecteddiffused in the X Y Z direction via sucessive calls

to subroutine ADH Point and area source emissions are added If multiple species chemistry is selected the updated concentrations

in each cell are subtracted from the stored (old) concentrations

to determine the flux into each cell If there is sufficient

tracer concentration in the cell (gt10- 3 ~gm3) the appropriate

chemistry subroutine (CHEM 3 CHEM 6 CHEM 15) is called and

returns with the updated concentration

C-25

lllld1middot11 MF 11 ME sn1

HdT ibullt1HO~~

r-A -

ZF Hbulli AV U middot middot ~UhirC

CONCEJTP1-~ 1x~

STU

CALCU LTmiddot BAP 1 J i1 I 1

CONCEtTiW I _J-middot

INERT POLL UTAN

lTPDATE fOUH A1F RAcE

( RETLIHN )

Figure 6 POLLUT Plow

C-26

ADD sotHc- 1middotrmi

lERFOHbulli MlILE SECIElt Clr-ITcTRx

( CHEMi CHE~6 1

CHEM5)

LOO OVERc~is

Diagram

Finally surface concentrations are accumulated to calculate the

hour-averaBed concentrntion field

Subroutine ADH solves the differential equation describshy

ing advection and diffusion of pollutant concentration ie

~~ = -V middotUC+ VmiddotK middotVC

The solution is performed seperately in each direction with the

form

ac == _ auc + a Kx ac at ax ax clX

The finite difference solution is basPd on a flux-corrected version

of Crowelys second-order advection scheme

n+l n n n Cmiddot1 =Ci+ Fi-~ Fmiddot+1 6tl 2

where

6x 26t

+ K middot+i (C 1middot - C+1 )AXXl i l

and

= ui+1middot 6t

1X

C-27

25 POLLUTANT TRANSPORT - SUBROUTINES POLLUT ADH

The transport dispersion and transformation of pollutants

is controlled by the subroutine POLLUT Each call to POLLUT adshy

vances the simulation one hour A flow diagram of POLLUT is shovrn

in Figure 6

The advectiondiffusion time step is calculated such that

the maximum normalized flux across any cell is le2s than alpha

ie

If the time step is too larfgte or too small an error message is

printed and the program stops The time step is further adjusted

such that N advection cycles end exactly on the hour

The subroutine then loops over N time steps

(~tmiddotN = 3600 seconds)

If multiple species chemistry is requested POLLUT checks to see

if each cell is either below terrain or contains a significant

amount of tracer concentration If not the background concentrashy

tion is loaded into the cell This procedure forces those cells

not affected by point or area sources to agree with the observed

background concentration distribution

The concentrations are stored in a temporary array and

then advecteddiffused in the X Y Z direction via sucessive calls

to subroutine ADH Point and area source emissions are added If multiple species chemistry is selected the updated concentrations

in each cell are subtracted from the stored (old) concentrations

to determine the flux into each cell If there is sufficient

tracer concentration in the cell (gt10- 3 ~gm3) the appropriate

chemistry subroutine (CHEM 3 CHEM 6 CHEM 15) is called and

returns with the updated concentration

C-25

lllld1middot11 MF 11 ME sn1

HdT ibullt1HO~~

r-A -

ZF Hbulli AV U middot middot ~UhirC

CONCEJTP1-~ 1x~

STU

CALCU LTmiddot BAP 1 J i1 I 1

CONCEtTiW I _J-middot

INERT POLL UTAN

lTPDATE fOUH A1F RAcE

( RETLIHN )

Figure 6 POLLUT Plow

C-26

ADD sotHc- 1middotrmi

lERFOHbulli MlILE SECIElt Clr-ITcTRx

( CHEMi CHE~6 1

CHEM5)

LOO OVERc~is

Diagram

Finally surface concentrations are accumulated to calculate the

hour-averaBed concentrntion field

Subroutine ADH solves the differential equation describshy

ing advection and diffusion of pollutant concentration ie

~~ = -V middotUC+ VmiddotK middotVC

The solution is performed seperately in each direction with the

form

ac == _ auc + a Kx ac at ax ax clX

The finite difference solution is basPd on a flux-corrected version

of Crowelys second-order advection scheme

n+l n n n Cmiddot1 =Ci+ Fi-~ Fmiddot+1 6tl 2

where

6x 26t

+ K middot+i (C 1middot - C+1 )AXXl i l

and

= ui+1middot 6t

1X

C-27

lllld1middot11 MF 11 ME sn1

HdT ibullt1HO~~

r-A -

ZF Hbulli AV U middot middot ~UhirC

CONCEJTP1-~ 1x~

STU

CALCU LTmiddot BAP 1 J i1 I 1

CONCEtTiW I _J-middot

INERT POLL UTAN

lTPDATE fOUH A1F RAcE

( RETLIHN )

Figure 6 POLLUT Plow

C-26

ADD sotHc- 1middotrmi

lERFOHbulli MlILE SECIElt Clr-ITcTRx

( CHEMi CHE~6 1

CHEM5)

LOO OVERc~is

Diagram

Finally surface concentrations are accumulated to calculate the

hour-averaBed concentrntion field

Subroutine ADH solves the differential equation describshy

ing advection and diffusion of pollutant concentration ie

~~ = -V middotUC+ VmiddotK middotVC

The solution is performed seperately in each direction with the

form

ac == _ auc + a Kx ac at ax ax clX

The finite difference solution is basPd on a flux-corrected version

of Crowelys second-order advection scheme

n+l n n n Cmiddot1 =Ci+ Fi-~ Fmiddot+1 6tl 2

where

6x 26t

+ K middot+i (C 1middot - C+1 )AXXl i l

and

= ui+1middot 6t

1X

C-27

Finally surface concentrations are accumulated to calculate the

hour-averaBed concentrntion field

Subroutine ADH solves the differential equation describshy

ing advection and diffusion of pollutant concentration ie

~~ = -V middotUC+ VmiddotK middotVC

The solution is performed seperately in each direction with the

form

ac == _ auc + a Kx ac at ax ax clX

The finite difference solution is basPd on a flux-corrected version

of Crowelys second-order advection scheme

n+l n n n Cmiddot1 =Ci+ Fi-~ Fmiddot+1 6tl 2

where

6x 26t

+ K middot+i (C 1middot - C+1 )AXXl i l

and

= ui+1middot 6t

1X

C-27

The flux corrector prohibits the calculation of negative

concentrations by an adjustment of the flux as follows

if

then

Fi+frac12 = min (F middot+i1 2

tx --tt

Ci 6x tt

c l

+ F l)l-2

if

F-+il 2 ltO

then

Fi+frac12 = min (-Fi+1middot Ix IJ t Ci+l)

C l

f Jl-

C-28

2 6 CHEMISTRY - SUBROUTINES CHEM 3 CHEM 6 CHEM 15_

The IMPACT code is designed to provide the framework for

simulating the complex chemical transformations of air pollutants

as well as the transport and dispersion of simple inert pollutants

Three chemical rea~tion mechanisms are available as options in

the present version of IMPACT ~he input format to all chemistries

are the sam~ the cellmicrolar concentrations before the current adshy

vectiondiffusion step C(N) the input (or output) flux due to

the current advection diffusion and emissions ~(N) and the

ad~ectiondiffusion time middotstep ~t In addition the two photo-

chemistry models require the solar flux SOL as input All

chemistries return the pollutant concentrations at the new time

T = T + AT via the cellular concentration array C(N)

Two chemical reaction mechanisms simulate the transshy

fltrmation of the constituents of photochemical smog A simple

mechanism developed by GRC (Eschenroder 1972) CHEM6 supports

five active species including N0 2 NO 03 and HC (non-methane

reactive hydrocarbon and HN02) CHEM6 is limited to simulations

of 12 hours or less (see Table 3) The other photochemical model

CHEM15 incorporates the latest EPA-recornme11ded mechanisTQs (Hectshy

middotseinfeld 1974)and supports 14 active species including N0 2 NO

03 HCl (olefins) HC2 (aromatics) HC3 (parafins) HC4 (aldehydes)

N205 HN03 HN02 H02 H20z ROO and RCOO (see Table 4)

Both CHEM6 and CHEM15 express the effects of chemical

reactions and sources by a solution for each cell of a rate equation of the form

C-29

-------------

Table 3 CHEM6 Reaction Mechanism

REACTION MECHANISM RA TE CONSTANT ppmmin)

1 hu + N02 NO -i 0 267 X 10-l

1a 0 + 0 2 + M o3 + M 2 X 106

2 NO + o N0 267 X 103 2 + o2 3 0 + HC ib

1) RO2 267 X 102

4 OH + HC (b2 ) RO2 1 X 104

5 o + HC middot (b ) RO 4 X 10-3 3 3 2

056 RO + NO NO + (y) OH 1 X2 2 7 RO

2 + NO

2 -bull PAN 2 X 102

8 OH+ NO HONO 15 X 103

9 OH + N0 2 -gt HN03 3 X 103

10 hv + HONO OH + NO 15 X 10middotmiddot3

H20

11 NO + NO 2 HONG 1 X o-32

10-312 N0 + o - N0 + 0 5 X2 3 3 2 13 N03 + N0 N2o 45 X 103

2 5 14

5 N0N o + N0 14 X 102 3 2 15 N 0 5 + H20 -bull 2HN0 605 x102 3 16 N0 + PARTICULATES --gt PRODUCTS 002

~-------------------------

C-30

--------

Table 4 CHEMlS Reaction Me~hanism

REACTION MECHANISM RATE CONSTANT (ppmmin)

NO2 + hu NO + 0

2 0 + o + M o 3 +M2 3 o 3 +NO NO + 0 22 4 0 + NO + M middot NO2 + M

5 O+NO -NO+O22 6 0 + NO + M -gtM _NO 3 + M

2 7 o 3 + NO -gtNO3 + 0 22 8 N0 + NO -gt 2NO

3 2 9 NO3 + NO -gtN 2o52

10 N -bull NO2 -+2o 5 NO3 11 N2o 5 + H O-gt 2HNO32 12 NO + HNO3 -gt HNO2 + NO2 13 HNO + HNO3 H 2O + 2NO22 14 NO+ NO + H O- 2HNO22 2 15 2HNO -gtNO+ NO2 + H2O2 16 HNO + hv OH + NO2 17 OH+ NO2 -gt HNO3 18 OH + NO + M HNO2 + M

19 OH+ CO 1- (0 ) - co 2 + HO22 20 HO2 + NO OH+ NO2

21 H O2 + hu 2OH2 22 HC + 0 - ROO + CRCOOO + (1-a) HO21 23 HC 1 + o ---RCOOO +RO+ HC43 24 HC + OH ROO + HC41 25 HC2 + OH ROO + OH

26 HC~+OH ROO+H 2 O 27 HC + 0 --gt ROO + OH 3 28 HC3 + OH ROO + H2O

29 HC4 + hu-3ROO + (2-m HO 2 30 HC + OH 3RCOOO + (1-micro) HO2 + H O4 2 31 ROO +NO__ RO + NO2 32 RCOOO +NO+ (02) - ROO + NO2 CO2 33 RCOOO + NO2 __ RCOOO NO2 34 RO + 0 2 -+ HO2 + HC4 35 RO + NO2 RONO2 36 RO + NO- RONO

37 HO + HO2 H2o2 2 + o 2 38 HO2+ ROO RO+ OH+ o 2 39 2ROO 2RO +o2

266 x 10- 1

2 X 10-5

208 X 101

35 X 10-3

138 x 1c4

22 X 10-3

46 X 1( 2

15 X 104

45 X 103

15 X 10

1 X 10-5

25 X 10-4

2 X o-l

21 X 10-G

45 213 X o-

15 X 104

12 X 104

25 X 102

7 X 102

25 X 102

68 X 103

16x10-2

25 X 104

107 X 102

8 X 103

65 X 10

38 X 104

25 X 10-3

23 X 104

91 X 102

91 X 102

1 X 102

24 X 10-2

49 X 102

25 X 102

53 X 103

1 X 102

1 X 102

HC1 = olefins HC2 =aromatics HC3 parafins HC4 =aldehydes

C-31

for the 1th pollutant species The Ai factor is used to enter

sources and the net advectivedi~fusive flux into the cell The

rate equation is recast into

and an approximate solution used as a predictor-corrector is

The third chemistry option (CHEM 3) is a simplified

treatment of the oxidation of sulfer dj_oxide to sulfate The

S0 2 mechanism currently encoded in IMPACT does not simulate so 2 photochemistry but rather relies upon empirical observation of

atmospheric so 2 oxidation rates Observed maximum rates have been

found to range from 2 percent per hour to 12 percent per minute

The SO mechanism in IMPACT employs a spatially-dependent so 2 to

so conversion rate that depneds upon the plume concentration at4 the point under consideration as shown below

RATE

10

percenthour

1

C-32

2 7 INPUTOUTPUT ROUTINES

Four subroutines control the input and output of IMPACT

Subroutine READEM reads and writes the initial invariant input

data Subroutine SUMMARY reads and processes the terrain and surshy

face roughness data and prints a summary of the invariant data

Subroutine METSOR reads the hourly wind stability point source

area source background concentration nnd global parameters

(solar flux surface temperature etc) Emission~~ data (except

for the tracer) are transformed from g sec to ppT I sec and a sulTll11ary

of middotthe hourly input data is printed Subroutine OUTPUT controls

the printing of the results of the IMPACT calculations Printer

edits and contours of winds diffusivity stability and conc0nshy

tration arrays can be printed level-by-level or for surface values

only The surface array of hour-average concentrations can also

be printed

Subroutine CONTUR creates a printer contour plot from

any submitted array with less than 45 c~lls in the x-direction

Subroutine PRINIT prints the first two signific~nt digits of

submitted array with less than 40 cells in the x-direction

C-33

3 PROGRAM OPTIONS

IMPACT allows the user to select the size and resolution

of the simulation problem However due to the size of dimensioned

arrays in the COMMONONETHO block and the forrnats in the output

subroutines CONTUR and PRINIT the following limitations apply

~ NX - the number of cells in the x-clirection must

be lt40

bull NZ - the number of cells in they-direction must

be lt20

o NUMEWD NUMESD NUMEPS NUMASD Nill1BCP and NUMSRD -

the number of wind stability point source area

source background and surface rourhness data sites

(respectively) cannot be greater than 50 each

Other than these conditions only computer storage and run time

considerations restrict the size and resolution of the problem

The time-dependent options allow the user to select the number of

hours to be simulated (NUMHRS) and the interval (in multiples

one hour) for which time-averazed surface concentrations are calshy

culated (HRSAVG) The user may also specify the time interval

(in multiples of one hour) for the printer edit and printer conshy

tour output (IDOPRN IDOPLT)

By selecting the appropriate input options the user can

specify the models to be used in calculating variables listed

below

IDOCEM = 0 wind and diffusion field calculations only

IDOCEM = 1 tracer only

IDOCEM = 3 tracer plus S02 S04 sulfate chemistry

IDOCEM = 6 tracer plus photochemistry GRC photoshychemical model

IDOCEM = 15 tracer plus photochemistry HectshySeinfeld photochemical model

IDODIF = 1 MyrupRanzieri diffusivity model

IDODIF = 3 DEPICT diffusivity model

C-34

2 6 CHEMISTRY - SUBROUTINES CHEM 3 CHEM 6 CHEM 15_

The IMPACT code is designed to provide the framework for

simulating the complex chemical transformations of air pollutants

as well as the transport and dispersion of simple inert pollutants

Three chemical rea~tion mechanisms are available as options in

the present version of IMPACT ~he input format to all chemistries

are the sam~ the cellmicrolar concentrations before the current adshy

vectiondiffusion step C(N) the input (or output) flux due to

the current advection diffusion and emissions ~(N) and the

ad~ectiondiffusion time middotstep ~t In addition the two photo-

chemistry models require the solar flux SOL as input All

chemistries return the pollutant concentrations at the new time

T = T + AT via the cellular concentration array C(N)

Two chemical reaction mechanisms simulate the transshy

fltrmation of the constituents of photochemical smog A simple

mechanism developed by GRC (Eschenroder 1972) CHEM6 supports

five active species including N0 2 NO 03 and HC (non-methane

reactive hydrocarbon and HN02) CHEM6 is limited to simulations

of 12 hours or less (see Table 3) The other photochemical model

CHEM15 incorporates the latest EPA-recornme11ded mechanisTQs (Hectshy

middotseinfeld 1974)and supports 14 active species including N0 2 NO

03 HCl (olefins) HC2 (aromatics) HC3 (parafins) HC4 (aldehydes)

N205 HN03 HN02 H02 H20z ROO and RCOO (see Table 4)

Both CHEM6 and CHEM15 express the effects of chemical

reactions and sources by a solution for each cell of a rate equation of the form

C-29

-------------

Table 3 CHEM6 Reaction Mechanism

REACTION MECHANISM RA TE CONSTANT ppmmin)

1 hu + N02 NO -i 0 267 X 10-l

1a 0 + 0 2 + M o3 + M 2 X 106

2 NO + o N0 267 X 103 2 + o2 3 0 + HC ib

1) RO2 267 X 102

4 OH + HC (b2 ) RO2 1 X 104

5 o + HC middot (b ) RO 4 X 10-3 3 3 2

056 RO + NO NO + (y) OH 1 X2 2 7 RO

2 + NO

2 -bull PAN 2 X 102

8 OH+ NO HONO 15 X 103

9 OH + N0 2 -gt HN03 3 X 103

10 hv + HONO OH + NO 15 X 10middotmiddot3

H20

11 NO + NO 2 HONG 1 X o-32

10-312 N0 + o - N0 + 0 5 X2 3 3 2 13 N03 + N0 N2o 45 X 103

2 5 14

5 N0N o + N0 14 X 102 3 2 15 N 0 5 + H20 -bull 2HN0 605 x102 3 16 N0 + PARTICULATES --gt PRODUCTS 002

~-------------------------

C-30

--------

Table 4 CHEMlS Reaction Me~hanism

REACTION MECHANISM RATE CONSTANT (ppmmin)

NO2 + hu NO + 0

2 0 + o + M o 3 +M2 3 o 3 +NO NO + 0 22 4 0 + NO + M middot NO2 + M

5 O+NO -NO+O22 6 0 + NO + M -gtM _NO 3 + M

2 7 o 3 + NO -gtNO3 + 0 22 8 N0 + NO -gt 2NO

3 2 9 NO3 + NO -gtN 2o52

10 N -bull NO2 -+2o 5 NO3 11 N2o 5 + H O-gt 2HNO32 12 NO + HNO3 -gt HNO2 + NO2 13 HNO + HNO3 H 2O + 2NO22 14 NO+ NO + H O- 2HNO22 2 15 2HNO -gtNO+ NO2 + H2O2 16 HNO + hv OH + NO2 17 OH+ NO2 -gt HNO3 18 OH + NO + M HNO2 + M

19 OH+ CO 1- (0 ) - co 2 + HO22 20 HO2 + NO OH+ NO2

21 H O2 + hu 2OH2 22 HC + 0 - ROO + CRCOOO + (1-a) HO21 23 HC 1 + o ---RCOOO +RO+ HC43 24 HC + OH ROO + HC41 25 HC2 + OH ROO + OH

26 HC~+OH ROO+H 2 O 27 HC + 0 --gt ROO + OH 3 28 HC3 + OH ROO + H2O

29 HC4 + hu-3ROO + (2-m HO 2 30 HC + OH 3RCOOO + (1-micro) HO2 + H O4 2 31 ROO +NO__ RO + NO2 32 RCOOO +NO+ (02) - ROO + NO2 CO2 33 RCOOO + NO2 __ RCOOO NO2 34 RO + 0 2 -+ HO2 + HC4 35 RO + NO2 RONO2 36 RO + NO- RONO

37 HO + HO2 H2o2 2 + o 2 38 HO2+ ROO RO+ OH+ o 2 39 2ROO 2RO +o2

266 x 10- 1

2 X 10-5

208 X 101

35 X 10-3

138 x 1c4

22 X 10-3

46 X 1( 2

15 X 104

45 X 103

15 X 10

1 X 10-5

25 X 10-4

2 X o-l

21 X 10-G

45 213 X o-

15 X 104

12 X 104

25 X 102

7 X 102

25 X 102

68 X 103

16x10-2

25 X 104

107 X 102

8 X 103

65 X 10

38 X 104

25 X 10-3

23 X 104

91 X 102

91 X 102

1 X 102

24 X 10-2

49 X 102

25 X 102

53 X 103

1 X 102

1 X 102

HC1 = olefins HC2 =aromatics HC3 parafins HC4 =aldehydes

C-31

for the 1th pollutant species The Ai factor is used to enter

sources and the net advectivedi~fusive flux into the cell The

rate equation is recast into

and an approximate solution used as a predictor-corrector is

The third chemistry option (CHEM 3) is a simplified

treatment of the oxidation of sulfer dj_oxide to sulfate The

S0 2 mechanism currently encoded in IMPACT does not simulate so 2 photochemistry but rather relies upon empirical observation of

atmospheric so 2 oxidation rates Observed maximum rates have been

found to range from 2 percent per hour to 12 percent per minute

The SO mechanism in IMPACT employs a spatially-dependent so 2 to

so conversion rate that depneds upon the plume concentration at4 the point under consideration as shown below

RATE

10

percenthour

1

C-32

2 7 INPUTOUTPUT ROUTINES

Four subroutines control the input and output of IMPACT

Subroutine READEM reads and writes the initial invariant input

data Subroutine SUMMARY reads and processes the terrain and surshy

face roughness data and prints a summary of the invariant data

Subroutine METSOR reads the hourly wind stability point source

area source background concentration nnd global parameters

(solar flux surface temperature etc) Emission~~ data (except

for the tracer) are transformed from g sec to ppT I sec and a sulTll11ary

of middotthe hourly input data is printed Subroutine OUTPUT controls

the printing of the results of the IMPACT calculations Printer

edits and contours of winds diffusivity stability and conc0nshy

tration arrays can be printed level-by-level or for surface values

only The surface array of hour-average concentrations can also

be printed

Subroutine CONTUR creates a printer contour plot from

any submitted array with less than 45 c~lls in the x-direction

Subroutine PRINIT prints the first two signific~nt digits of

submitted array with less than 40 cells in the x-direction

C-33

3 PROGRAM OPTIONS

IMPACT allows the user to select the size and resolution

of the simulation problem However due to the size of dimensioned

arrays in the COMMONONETHO block and the forrnats in the output

subroutines CONTUR and PRINIT the following limitations apply

~ NX - the number of cells in the x-clirection must

be lt40

bull NZ - the number of cells in they-direction must

be lt20

o NUMEWD NUMESD NUMEPS NUMASD Nill1BCP and NUMSRD -

the number of wind stability point source area

source background and surface rourhness data sites

(respectively) cannot be greater than 50 each

Other than these conditions only computer storage and run time

considerations restrict the size and resolution of the problem

The time-dependent options allow the user to select the number of

hours to be simulated (NUMHRS) and the interval (in multiples

one hour) for which time-averazed surface concentrations are calshy

culated (HRSAVG) The user may also specify the time interval

(in multiples of one hour) for the printer edit and printer conshy

tour output (IDOPRN IDOPLT)

By selecting the appropriate input options the user can

specify the models to be used in calculating variables listed

below

IDOCEM = 0 wind and diffusion field calculations only

IDOCEM = 1 tracer only

IDOCEM = 3 tracer plus S02 S04 sulfate chemistry

IDOCEM = 6 tracer plus photochemistry GRC photoshychemical model

IDOCEM = 15 tracer plus photochemistry HectshySeinfeld photochemical model

IDODIF = 1 MyrupRanzieri diffusivity model

IDODIF = 3 DEPICT diffusivity model

C-34

-------------

Table 3 CHEM6 Reaction Mechanism

REACTION MECHANISM RA TE CONSTANT ppmmin)

1 hu + N02 NO -i 0 267 X 10-l

1a 0 + 0 2 + M o3 + M 2 X 106

2 NO + o N0 267 X 103 2 + o2 3 0 + HC ib

1) RO2 267 X 102

4 OH + HC (b2 ) RO2 1 X 104

5 o + HC middot (b ) RO 4 X 10-3 3 3 2

056 RO + NO NO + (y) OH 1 X2 2 7 RO

2 + NO

2 -bull PAN 2 X 102

8 OH+ NO HONO 15 X 103

9 OH + N0 2 -gt HN03 3 X 103

10 hv + HONO OH + NO 15 X 10middotmiddot3

H20

11 NO + NO 2 HONG 1 X o-32

10-312 N0 + o - N0 + 0 5 X2 3 3 2 13 N03 + N0 N2o 45 X 103

2 5 14

5 N0N o + N0 14 X 102 3 2 15 N 0 5 + H20 -bull 2HN0 605 x102 3 16 N0 + PARTICULATES --gt PRODUCTS 002

~-------------------------

C-30

--------

Table 4 CHEMlS Reaction Me~hanism

REACTION MECHANISM RATE CONSTANT (ppmmin)

NO2 + hu NO + 0

2 0 + o + M o 3 +M2 3 o 3 +NO NO + 0 22 4 0 + NO + M middot NO2 + M

5 O+NO -NO+O22 6 0 + NO + M -gtM _NO 3 + M

2 7 o 3 + NO -gtNO3 + 0 22 8 N0 + NO -gt 2NO

3 2 9 NO3 + NO -gtN 2o52

10 N -bull NO2 -+2o 5 NO3 11 N2o 5 + H O-gt 2HNO32 12 NO + HNO3 -gt HNO2 + NO2 13 HNO + HNO3 H 2O + 2NO22 14 NO+ NO + H O- 2HNO22 2 15 2HNO -gtNO+ NO2 + H2O2 16 HNO + hv OH + NO2 17 OH+ NO2 -gt HNO3 18 OH + NO + M HNO2 + M

19 OH+ CO 1- (0 ) - co 2 + HO22 20 HO2 + NO OH+ NO2

21 H O2 + hu 2OH2 22 HC + 0 - ROO + CRCOOO + (1-a) HO21 23 HC 1 + o ---RCOOO +RO+ HC43 24 HC + OH ROO + HC41 25 HC2 + OH ROO + OH

26 HC~+OH ROO+H 2 O 27 HC + 0 --gt ROO + OH 3 28 HC3 + OH ROO + H2O

29 HC4 + hu-3ROO + (2-m HO 2 30 HC + OH 3RCOOO + (1-micro) HO2 + H O4 2 31 ROO +NO__ RO + NO2 32 RCOOO +NO+ (02) - ROO + NO2 CO2 33 RCOOO + NO2 __ RCOOO NO2 34 RO + 0 2 -+ HO2 + HC4 35 RO + NO2 RONO2 36 RO + NO- RONO

37 HO + HO2 H2o2 2 + o 2 38 HO2+ ROO RO+ OH+ o 2 39 2ROO 2RO +o2

266 x 10- 1

2 X 10-5

208 X 101

35 X 10-3

138 x 1c4

22 X 10-3

46 X 1( 2

15 X 104

45 X 103

15 X 10

1 X 10-5

25 X 10-4

2 X o-l

21 X 10-G

45 213 X o-

15 X 104

12 X 104

25 X 102

7 X 102

25 X 102

68 X 103

16x10-2

25 X 104

107 X 102

8 X 103

65 X 10

38 X 104

25 X 10-3

23 X 104

91 X 102

91 X 102

1 X 102

24 X 10-2

49 X 102

25 X 102

53 X 103

1 X 102

1 X 102

HC1 = olefins HC2 =aromatics HC3 parafins HC4 =aldehydes

C-31

for the 1th pollutant species The Ai factor is used to enter

sources and the net advectivedi~fusive flux into the cell The

rate equation is recast into

and an approximate solution used as a predictor-corrector is

The third chemistry option (CHEM 3) is a simplified

treatment of the oxidation of sulfer dj_oxide to sulfate The

S0 2 mechanism currently encoded in IMPACT does not simulate so 2 photochemistry but rather relies upon empirical observation of

atmospheric so 2 oxidation rates Observed maximum rates have been

found to range from 2 percent per hour to 12 percent per minute

The SO mechanism in IMPACT employs a spatially-dependent so 2 to

so conversion rate that depneds upon the plume concentration at4 the point under consideration as shown below

RATE

10

percenthour

1

C-32

2 7 INPUTOUTPUT ROUTINES

Four subroutines control the input and output of IMPACT

Subroutine READEM reads and writes the initial invariant input

data Subroutine SUMMARY reads and processes the terrain and surshy

face roughness data and prints a summary of the invariant data

Subroutine METSOR reads the hourly wind stability point source

area source background concentration nnd global parameters

(solar flux surface temperature etc) Emission~~ data (except

for the tracer) are transformed from g sec to ppT I sec and a sulTll11ary

of middotthe hourly input data is printed Subroutine OUTPUT controls

the printing of the results of the IMPACT calculations Printer

edits and contours of winds diffusivity stability and conc0nshy

tration arrays can be printed level-by-level or for surface values

only The surface array of hour-average concentrations can also

be printed

Subroutine CONTUR creates a printer contour plot from

any submitted array with less than 45 c~lls in the x-direction

Subroutine PRINIT prints the first two signific~nt digits of

submitted array with less than 40 cells in the x-direction

C-33

3 PROGRAM OPTIONS

IMPACT allows the user to select the size and resolution

of the simulation problem However due to the size of dimensioned

arrays in the COMMONONETHO block and the forrnats in the output

subroutines CONTUR and PRINIT the following limitations apply

~ NX - the number of cells in the x-clirection must

be lt40

bull NZ - the number of cells in they-direction must

be lt20

o NUMEWD NUMESD NUMEPS NUMASD Nill1BCP and NUMSRD -

the number of wind stability point source area

source background and surface rourhness data sites

(respectively) cannot be greater than 50 each

Other than these conditions only computer storage and run time

considerations restrict the size and resolution of the problem

The time-dependent options allow the user to select the number of

hours to be simulated (NUMHRS) and the interval (in multiples

one hour) for which time-averazed surface concentrations are calshy

culated (HRSAVG) The user may also specify the time interval

(in multiples of one hour) for the printer edit and printer conshy

tour output (IDOPRN IDOPLT)

By selecting the appropriate input options the user can

specify the models to be used in calculating variables listed

below

IDOCEM = 0 wind and diffusion field calculations only

IDOCEM = 1 tracer only

IDOCEM = 3 tracer plus S02 S04 sulfate chemistry

IDOCEM = 6 tracer plus photochemistry GRC photoshychemical model

IDOCEM = 15 tracer plus photochemistry HectshySeinfeld photochemical model

IDODIF = 1 MyrupRanzieri diffusivity model

IDODIF = 3 DEPICT diffusivity model

C-34

--------

Table 4 CHEMlS Reaction Me~hanism

REACTION MECHANISM RATE CONSTANT (ppmmin)

NO2 + hu NO + 0

2 0 + o + M o 3 +M2 3 o 3 +NO NO + 0 22 4 0 + NO + M middot NO2 + M

5 O+NO -NO+O22 6 0 + NO + M -gtM _NO 3 + M

2 7 o 3 + NO -gtNO3 + 0 22 8 N0 + NO -gt 2NO

3 2 9 NO3 + NO -gtN 2o52

10 N -bull NO2 -+2o 5 NO3 11 N2o 5 + H O-gt 2HNO32 12 NO + HNO3 -gt HNO2 + NO2 13 HNO + HNO3 H 2O + 2NO22 14 NO+ NO + H O- 2HNO22 2 15 2HNO -gtNO+ NO2 + H2O2 16 HNO + hv OH + NO2 17 OH+ NO2 -gt HNO3 18 OH + NO + M HNO2 + M

19 OH+ CO 1- (0 ) - co 2 + HO22 20 HO2 + NO OH+ NO2

21 H O2 + hu 2OH2 22 HC + 0 - ROO + CRCOOO + (1-a) HO21 23 HC 1 + o ---RCOOO +RO+ HC43 24 HC + OH ROO + HC41 25 HC2 + OH ROO + OH

26 HC~+OH ROO+H 2 O 27 HC + 0 --gt ROO + OH 3 28 HC3 + OH ROO + H2O

29 HC4 + hu-3ROO + (2-m HO 2 30 HC + OH 3RCOOO + (1-micro) HO2 + H O4 2 31 ROO +NO__ RO + NO2 32 RCOOO +NO+ (02) - ROO + NO2 CO2 33 RCOOO + NO2 __ RCOOO NO2 34 RO + 0 2 -+ HO2 + HC4 35 RO + NO2 RONO2 36 RO + NO- RONO

37 HO + HO2 H2o2 2 + o 2 38 HO2+ ROO RO+ OH+ o 2 39 2ROO 2RO +o2

266 x 10- 1

2 X 10-5

208 X 101

35 X 10-3

138 x 1c4

22 X 10-3

46 X 1( 2

15 X 104

45 X 103

15 X 10

1 X 10-5

25 X 10-4

2 X o-l

21 X 10-G

45 213 X o-

15 X 104

12 X 104

25 X 102

7 X 102

25 X 102

68 X 103

16x10-2

25 X 104

107 X 102

8 X 103

65 X 10

38 X 104

25 X 10-3

23 X 104

91 X 102

91 X 102

1 X 102

24 X 10-2

49 X 102

25 X 102

53 X 103

1 X 102

1 X 102

HC1 = olefins HC2 =aromatics HC3 parafins HC4 =aldehydes

C-31

for the 1th pollutant species The Ai factor is used to enter

sources and the net advectivedi~fusive flux into the cell The

rate equation is recast into

and an approximate solution used as a predictor-corrector is

The third chemistry option (CHEM 3) is a simplified

treatment of the oxidation of sulfer dj_oxide to sulfate The

S0 2 mechanism currently encoded in IMPACT does not simulate so 2 photochemistry but rather relies upon empirical observation of

atmospheric so 2 oxidation rates Observed maximum rates have been

found to range from 2 percent per hour to 12 percent per minute

The SO mechanism in IMPACT employs a spatially-dependent so 2 to

so conversion rate that depneds upon the plume concentration at4 the point under consideration as shown below

RATE

10

percenthour

1

C-32

2 7 INPUTOUTPUT ROUTINES

Four subroutines control the input and output of IMPACT

Subroutine READEM reads and writes the initial invariant input

data Subroutine SUMMARY reads and processes the terrain and surshy

face roughness data and prints a summary of the invariant data

Subroutine METSOR reads the hourly wind stability point source

area source background concentration nnd global parameters

(solar flux surface temperature etc) Emission~~ data (except

for the tracer) are transformed from g sec to ppT I sec and a sulTll11ary

of middotthe hourly input data is printed Subroutine OUTPUT controls

the printing of the results of the IMPACT calculations Printer

edits and contours of winds diffusivity stability and conc0nshy

tration arrays can be printed level-by-level or for surface values

only The surface array of hour-average concentrations can also

be printed

Subroutine CONTUR creates a printer contour plot from

any submitted array with less than 45 c~lls in the x-direction

Subroutine PRINIT prints the first two signific~nt digits of

submitted array with less than 40 cells in the x-direction

C-33

3 PROGRAM OPTIONS

IMPACT allows the user to select the size and resolution

of the simulation problem However due to the size of dimensioned

arrays in the COMMONONETHO block and the forrnats in the output

subroutines CONTUR and PRINIT the following limitations apply

~ NX - the number of cells in the x-clirection must

be lt40

bull NZ - the number of cells in they-direction must

be lt20

o NUMEWD NUMESD NUMEPS NUMASD Nill1BCP and NUMSRD -

the number of wind stability point source area

source background and surface rourhness data sites

(respectively) cannot be greater than 50 each

Other than these conditions only computer storage and run time

considerations restrict the size and resolution of the problem

The time-dependent options allow the user to select the number of

hours to be simulated (NUMHRS) and the interval (in multiples

one hour) for which time-averazed surface concentrations are calshy

culated (HRSAVG) The user may also specify the time interval

(in multiples of one hour) for the printer edit and printer conshy

tour output (IDOPRN IDOPLT)

By selecting the appropriate input options the user can

specify the models to be used in calculating variables listed

below

IDOCEM = 0 wind and diffusion field calculations only

IDOCEM = 1 tracer only

IDOCEM = 3 tracer plus S02 S04 sulfate chemistry

IDOCEM = 6 tracer plus photochemistry GRC photoshychemical model

IDOCEM = 15 tracer plus photochemistry HectshySeinfeld photochemical model

IDODIF = 1 MyrupRanzieri diffusivity model

IDODIF = 3 DEPICT diffusivity model

C-34

for the 1th pollutant species The Ai factor is used to enter

sources and the net advectivedi~fusive flux into the cell The

rate equation is recast into

and an approximate solution used as a predictor-corrector is

The third chemistry option (CHEM 3) is a simplified

treatment of the oxidation of sulfer dj_oxide to sulfate The

S0 2 mechanism currently encoded in IMPACT does not simulate so 2 photochemistry but rather relies upon empirical observation of

atmospheric so 2 oxidation rates Observed maximum rates have been

found to range from 2 percent per hour to 12 percent per minute

The SO mechanism in IMPACT employs a spatially-dependent so 2 to

so conversion rate that depneds upon the plume concentration at4 the point under consideration as shown below

RATE

10

percenthour

1

C-32

2 7 INPUTOUTPUT ROUTINES

Four subroutines control the input and output of IMPACT

Subroutine READEM reads and writes the initial invariant input

data Subroutine SUMMARY reads and processes the terrain and surshy

face roughness data and prints a summary of the invariant data

Subroutine METSOR reads the hourly wind stability point source

area source background concentration nnd global parameters

(solar flux surface temperature etc) Emission~~ data (except

for the tracer) are transformed from g sec to ppT I sec and a sulTll11ary

of middotthe hourly input data is printed Subroutine OUTPUT controls

the printing of the results of the IMPACT calculations Printer

edits and contours of winds diffusivity stability and conc0nshy

tration arrays can be printed level-by-level or for surface values

only The surface array of hour-average concentrations can also

be printed

Subroutine CONTUR creates a printer contour plot from

any submitted array with less than 45 c~lls in the x-direction

Subroutine PRINIT prints the first two signific~nt digits of

submitted array with less than 40 cells in the x-direction

C-33

3 PROGRAM OPTIONS

IMPACT allows the user to select the size and resolution

of the simulation problem However due to the size of dimensioned

arrays in the COMMONONETHO block and the forrnats in the output

subroutines CONTUR and PRINIT the following limitations apply

~ NX - the number of cells in the x-clirection must

be lt40

bull NZ - the number of cells in they-direction must

be lt20

o NUMEWD NUMESD NUMEPS NUMASD Nill1BCP and NUMSRD -

the number of wind stability point source area

source background and surface rourhness data sites

(respectively) cannot be greater than 50 each

Other than these conditions only computer storage and run time

considerations restrict the size and resolution of the problem

The time-dependent options allow the user to select the number of

hours to be simulated (NUMHRS) and the interval (in multiples

one hour) for which time-averazed surface concentrations are calshy

culated (HRSAVG) The user may also specify the time interval

(in multiples of one hour) for the printer edit and printer conshy

tour output (IDOPRN IDOPLT)

By selecting the appropriate input options the user can

specify the models to be used in calculating variables listed

below

IDOCEM = 0 wind and diffusion field calculations only

IDOCEM = 1 tracer only

IDOCEM = 3 tracer plus S02 S04 sulfate chemistry

IDOCEM = 6 tracer plus photochemistry GRC photoshychemical model

IDOCEM = 15 tracer plus photochemistry HectshySeinfeld photochemical model

IDODIF = 1 MyrupRanzieri diffusivity model

IDODIF = 3 DEPICT diffusivity model

C-34

2 7 INPUTOUTPUT ROUTINES

Four subroutines control the input and output of IMPACT

Subroutine READEM reads and writes the initial invariant input

data Subroutine SUMMARY reads and processes the terrain and surshy

face roughness data and prints a summary of the invariant data

Subroutine METSOR reads the hourly wind stability point source

area source background concentration nnd global parameters

(solar flux surface temperature etc) Emission~~ data (except

for the tracer) are transformed from g sec to ppT I sec and a sulTll11ary

of middotthe hourly input data is printed Subroutine OUTPUT controls

the printing of the results of the IMPACT calculations Printer

edits and contours of winds diffusivity stability and conc0nshy

tration arrays can be printed level-by-level or for surface values

only The surface array of hour-average concentrations can also

be printed

Subroutine CONTUR creates a printer contour plot from

any submitted array with less than 45 c~lls in the x-direction

Subroutine PRINIT prints the first two signific~nt digits of

submitted array with less than 40 cells in the x-direction

C-33

3 PROGRAM OPTIONS

IMPACT allows the user to select the size and resolution

of the simulation problem However due to the size of dimensioned

arrays in the COMMONONETHO block and the forrnats in the output

subroutines CONTUR and PRINIT the following limitations apply

~ NX - the number of cells in the x-clirection must

be lt40

bull NZ - the number of cells in they-direction must

be lt20

o NUMEWD NUMESD NUMEPS NUMASD Nill1BCP and NUMSRD -

the number of wind stability point source area

source background and surface rourhness data sites

(respectively) cannot be greater than 50 each

Other than these conditions only computer storage and run time

considerations restrict the size and resolution of the problem

The time-dependent options allow the user to select the number of

hours to be simulated (NUMHRS) and the interval (in multiples

one hour) for which time-averazed surface concentrations are calshy

culated (HRSAVG) The user may also specify the time interval

(in multiples of one hour) for the printer edit and printer conshy

tour output (IDOPRN IDOPLT)

By selecting the appropriate input options the user can

specify the models to be used in calculating variables listed

below

IDOCEM = 0 wind and diffusion field calculations only

IDOCEM = 1 tracer only

IDOCEM = 3 tracer plus S02 S04 sulfate chemistry

IDOCEM = 6 tracer plus photochemistry GRC photoshychemical model

IDOCEM = 15 tracer plus photochemistry HectshySeinfeld photochemical model

IDODIF = 1 MyrupRanzieri diffusivity model

IDODIF = 3 DEPICT diffusivity model

C-34

3 PROGRAM OPTIONS

IMPACT allows the user to select the size and resolution

of the simulation problem However due to the size of dimensioned

arrays in the COMMONONETHO block and the forrnats in the output

subroutines CONTUR and PRINIT the following limitations apply

~ NX - the number of cells in the x-clirection must

be lt40

bull NZ - the number of cells in they-direction must

be lt20

o NUMEWD NUMESD NUMEPS NUMASD Nill1BCP and NUMSRD -

the number of wind stability point source area

source background and surface rourhness data sites

(respectively) cannot be greater than 50 each

Other than these conditions only computer storage and run time

considerations restrict the size and resolution of the problem

The time-dependent options allow the user to select the number of

hours to be simulated (NUMHRS) and the interval (in multiples

one hour) for which time-averazed surface concentrations are calshy

culated (HRSAVG) The user may also specify the time interval

(in multiples of one hour) for the printer edit and printer conshy

tour output (IDOPRN IDOPLT)

By selecting the appropriate input options the user can

specify the models to be used in calculating variables listed

below

IDOCEM = 0 wind and diffusion field calculations only

IDOCEM = 1 tracer only

IDOCEM = 3 tracer plus S02 S04 sulfate chemistry

IDOCEM = 6 tracer plus photochemistry GRC photoshychemical model

IDOCEM = 15 tracer plus photochemistry HectshySeinfeld photochemical model

IDODIF = 1 MyrupRanzieri diffusivity model

IDODIF = 3 DEPICT diffusivity model

C-34

IDOPLM = 1 Briggs 1967 plume rise model

IDOPLM = 2 Brig8s 1974 plume rise model

IDOPLM -- 3 TVA plume rise model

IDOPLM 7 user-specified U6h plume rise parameter

IDOPLM = 8 user-specified plume rise 6h

C-35

42 INPUT FILE STRUCTURE

The input file for IMPACT is illustrated in Figure 7

Title grid size options output terrain and surface roughness

data are temporally invariant and are ~ntered at the start of the

simulation Other inputs (wind stability point source area

source background concentrations and global atmospheric parashy

meters) must be read in for each hour of simulation

C-38

_________ _ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I L

(Jer

~ ibullI t m ii ( ) ~ ~1 lt( (1 rr

ltx o

~) E-lt n I ~t

l_J j ~)H f-lt

~bull- (n

rt ) bull1 ) r bullCI micro_~ ~ middotI r ~ () - --t x 11 n ~~) C ) -r - fXJ ~)

(

l~

middotlt () 1 ii [r t I

n -~J

( ~) Ci

f I (1 bull ~ ( ) I

l rr f ()) - i 1_) ( j

gtbull () [middotbull [i) 1middot1 ~middot l f ~ i [ r m ()- rr r -1 r1 J)

n

7 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

_J

bullmiddot

11

I) rr~

[middotbulli Cl f

t middot f (S [

I ) gt l n middot

Cf)

(])

~ middotr-1 p 0 rc 1_1()

~-~ I -middotmiddot- rmiddot 1

cu u till C middotrl -P (lj ()

-~ bullrj -

H

QJ H = micro C)

1 )-lt

j)

()

OJ ri middotrl r (1j p (1j

U) Cl Q D - u

[ t--- - n Q) Cl ~ r 1 [- bl) () middotrlH rx1 ld

~ (f)

11 [a Cl u

I )

C-39

43 INPUT FILE DESCRIPTION

This section contains a record-by-record description of

the input file required to run IMPACT

Three records are read in using the NAMELIST convention

(GRIDIT OPTION OUTPUT) The remaining recorCi are transfered

under format control

The input records are described below in the order shown

in Figure 7

431 Title

The title record consists of up to 80 characters that

identify the particular run read in under a 20A4 format

432 amp GRIDIT

This namelist record describes the s5ze and resolution

of the problem

specifies the cell size in meters (e~st-westDXDY l north-south and vertical) DZ

NX specifies the number of grid cells in the NY x y z-directions NZ l

433 amp OPTION

This namelist record describes the options requested for

wind field chemistry point source plume rise and diffusion mode

IDOWND selects wind field model IDOWND 1 WEST

IDOCEM selects the chemistry model

IDOCEM = 0 no pollutants wind and diffusion field calculation only

IDOCEM = 1 no chemistry single tracer pollushytant (NS= 1)

C-40

IDOCEM - 3 sulfate chemistry (NS - 3)

IDOCEM = 6 GRC photochemistry (NS == 6)

IDOCEM = 15 EPA photochemistry (NS = 15)

IDOPLM selects the plume rise option

IDOPLM = 1 Briggs 69 plume rise

IDOPLM = 2 Briggs 71+ plume rise

IDOPLM = 3 TVA plume rise

IDOPLM = 7 user-specified ULJ- IDOPLM = 8 user-specified lIH

IDODIF selects the diffusivity model C1tion

IDODIF= 1 MyrupRanzieri diffusivity model

IDODIF = 3 DEPICT diffusivity model

434 amp OUTPUT

This namelist record describes the total number of hours

to be simulated and the output options desired

NUMHRS the number of hours to be simulated by IMPACT IDOPLT the frequency in integer hours for printer

contour output

IDOPLT = 0 no printer contour desired

IDOPLT = 1 printer contours every hour

IDOPLT = 3 printer contours every 3 hours plus first hour (ie hours 1 3 6 )

IDOPRN the frequency in integer hours for printer edit output

IDOPRN = 0 no printer edits desired

IDOPRN = 1 printer edit every hour

IDOPRN = 3 printer edit every 3 ~Jurs plus first hour

IDOCAL option for calcomp plots of wind field vectors and pollutant concentration contours - not currently implemented set IDOCAL = 0

HRSAVG the integer number of hours desired for calcushylating average surface concentration

HRSAVG = 1 one-hour average concentrations desired printed every hour (IDOPRN IDOPLT should also be set to 1)

C-41

HRSAVG - 3 three-hour average concentrntions desired printed every third hour (3 6 9 ) IDOPRN IDOPLT should be set to l or 3)

IDOSUR option for prints all vertical levels of the field arrays or just the values at the surface

IDOSUR = 0 print all vertical levels plus the surface

IDOSUR = 1 print surface values only

435 Terrain Deck

Each card in the terrain deck holds consecutive x terrain

heights (in feet) and is self-identi_fied by having x and y cell

location valties If an entire record contains zero heights for

each location it is not required A record with a value of

I= -1 is required to terminate the terrain deck

Each terrain record holds up to 10 distinct elevations

The terrain record format is diagrammed below

12 12 10 FSO

I-cdordinate -_ J-coord~ 10 terrain locator locator hei-ihts (feet)

The I-coordinate locator value is the I-coordinate of the 1st

terrain value on the record and can have only the following

values 1 11 21 31 The values on the card thus correspond

to locations at (I J) (1+2 J) (1+9 J) The J-coordinate

locator has the values 1 2 3 NY

436 Surface Roughrtess Deck

The surface roughness deck contains two types of records

The first record read as an 15 format describes the number of

surface roughness data records to follow This information is

stored in NUMSRD The next NUMSRD records contain data on the

location and value of surface roughness The format is as follows

C-42

15 IS F50

I-c~ordinat~J-coor~~ Surface roughness (meters)

This data is only roquired if the MyrupRanzieri difshy

fusivity model is desired If no surface roughness data is

needed set NUMSRD = 0 to terminate the surface roughness deck

The following data decks are required cpch hour except

as noted

437 WindData Deck

The first record of the wind data deck describes the

number of wind data sites (stored as NUMEWD) and the hour at which

the next wind data deck is to be~ read (stored as NOWEWD) This

procedure allows the user to use the same wind data for multiple

hours without rereadinp the sar1e data deck each hour If NOWEWD is

set to 0 the wind data deck must be read in the next hour If

(cit hour) NUMEWD = 5 the diti_ deck read in at hour two will be

used to calculate the wind field for hours 2 3 and 4 at hour

5 a new wind data deck must be entered The format of the data

deck specification record is as follows

15 15

num~r of w~ hour at which next wind locations NUMEWD data deck is to be read NOWEWD

For each wind data site at least two reco- Js are reshy

quired The first record specifies the location of the wind

data site and the confidence value (from 00 - 10) that the

user places in the data (a value of 10 will force the wind field

to agree with input value at the site while a value of 00 will

initialize the wind field using the input data but will allow the

wind field to adjust itself without further regard to the input

data) Valid reliable hour average wind data is usually weighted

as 10 while instantaneous pibal data is usually weighted as 01

C-43

Note The number of terrain cells at any location I J can be

determined by

fHT(IJ) - HTMIN) + 5]IHT (IJ) ~ Integer portion of L 32808-DZ

where

IHT (IJ) is the number of terrain cells at IJ

HT (IJ) is the height in feet at IJ

HTMIN is the minimum value in the HT array

middotnzmiddot is the vertical cell size in meters

At least one wind data location is required and a maximum of 50

data locations are permitted

438 Stability Data Deck

The first record of the stability data deck like the

first record of the wind data deck describes the number of stashy

bility data sites (stored asNUMESD) and the hour at which the

next set of stability data is to be read (stored as NOWESD) The

format is the same as for the wind data record

J5 IS

number~f stabili~ hour at which the next stability locations NUMESD_ data is to be read NOWESD

For each stability data location at least two records are required

the first record contains the location of the stabiiity data

IS IS

I-loc4on J~ation

C-46

42 INPUT FILE STRUCTURE

The input file for IMPACT is illustrated in Figure 7

Title grid size options output terrain and surface roughness

data are temporally invariant and are ~ntered at the start of the

simulation Other inputs (wind stability point source area

source background concentrations and global atmospheric parashy

meters) must be read in for each hour of simulation

C-38

_________ _ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I L

(Jer

~ ibullI t m ii ( ) ~ ~1 lt( (1 rr

ltx o

~) E-lt n I ~t

l_J j ~)H f-lt

~bull- (n

rt ) bull1 ) r bullCI micro_~ ~ middotI r ~ () - --t x 11 n ~~) C ) -r - fXJ ~)

(

l~

middotlt () 1 ii [r t I

n -~J

( ~) Ci

f I (1 bull ~ ( ) I

l rr f ()) - i 1_) ( j

gtbull () [middotbull [i) 1middot1 ~middot l f ~ i [ r m ()- rr r -1 r1 J)

n

7 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

_J

bullmiddot

11

I) rr~

[middotbulli Cl f

t middot f (S [

I ) gt l n middot

Cf)

(])

~ middotr-1 p 0 rc 1_1()

~-~ I -middotmiddot- rmiddot 1

cu u till C middotrl -P (lj ()

-~ bullrj -

H

QJ H = micro C)

1 )-lt

j)

()

OJ ri middotrl r (1j p (1j

U) Cl Q D - u

[ t--- - n Q) Cl ~ r 1 [- bl) () middotrlH rx1 ld

~ (f)

11 [a Cl u

I )

C-39

43 INPUT FILE DESCRIPTION

This section contains a record-by-record description of

the input file required to run IMPACT

Three records are read in using the NAMELIST convention

(GRIDIT OPTION OUTPUT) The remaining recorCi are transfered

under format control

The input records are described below in the order shown

in Figure 7

431 Title

The title record consists of up to 80 characters that

identify the particular run read in under a 20A4 format

432 amp GRIDIT

This namelist record describes the s5ze and resolution

of the problem

specifies the cell size in meters (e~st-westDXDY l north-south and vertical) DZ

NX specifies the number of grid cells in the NY x y z-directions NZ l

433 amp OPTION

This namelist record describes the options requested for

wind field chemistry point source plume rise and diffusion mode

IDOWND selects wind field model IDOWND 1 WEST

IDOCEM selects the chemistry model

IDOCEM = 0 no pollutants wind and diffusion field calculation only

IDOCEM = 1 no chemistry single tracer pollushytant (NS= 1)

C-40

IDOCEM - 3 sulfate chemistry (NS - 3)

IDOCEM = 6 GRC photochemistry (NS == 6)

IDOCEM = 15 EPA photochemistry (NS = 15)

IDOPLM selects the plume rise option

IDOPLM = 1 Briggs 69 plume rise

IDOPLM = 2 Briggs 71+ plume rise

IDOPLM = 3 TVA plume rise

IDOPLM = 7 user-specified ULJ- IDOPLM = 8 user-specified lIH

IDODIF selects the diffusivity model C1tion

IDODIF= 1 MyrupRanzieri diffusivity model

IDODIF = 3 DEPICT diffusivity model

434 amp OUTPUT

This namelist record describes the total number of hours

to be simulated and the output options desired

NUMHRS the number of hours to be simulated by IMPACT IDOPLT the frequency in integer hours for printer

contour output

IDOPLT = 0 no printer contour desired

IDOPLT = 1 printer contours every hour

IDOPLT = 3 printer contours every 3 hours plus first hour (ie hours 1 3 6 )

IDOPRN the frequency in integer hours for printer edit output

IDOPRN = 0 no printer edits desired

IDOPRN = 1 printer edit every hour

IDOPRN = 3 printer edit every 3 ~Jurs plus first hour

IDOCAL option for calcomp plots of wind field vectors and pollutant concentration contours - not currently implemented set IDOCAL = 0

HRSAVG the integer number of hours desired for calcushylating average surface concentration

HRSAVG = 1 one-hour average concentrations desired printed every hour (IDOPRN IDOPLT should also be set to 1)

C-41

HRSAVG - 3 three-hour average concentrntions desired printed every third hour (3 6 9 ) IDOPRN IDOPLT should be set to l or 3)

IDOSUR option for prints all vertical levels of the field arrays or just the values at the surface

IDOSUR = 0 print all vertical levels plus the surface

IDOSUR = 1 print surface values only

435 Terrain Deck

Each card in the terrain deck holds consecutive x terrain

heights (in feet) and is self-identi_fied by having x and y cell

location valties If an entire record contains zero heights for

each location it is not required A record with a value of

I= -1 is required to terminate the terrain deck

Each terrain record holds up to 10 distinct elevations

The terrain record format is diagrammed below

12 12 10 FSO

I-cdordinate -_ J-coord~ 10 terrain locator locator hei-ihts (feet)

The I-coordinate locator value is the I-coordinate of the 1st

terrain value on the record and can have only the following

values 1 11 21 31 The values on the card thus correspond

to locations at (I J) (1+2 J) (1+9 J) The J-coordinate

locator has the values 1 2 3 NY

436 Surface Roughrtess Deck

The surface roughness deck contains two types of records

The first record read as an 15 format describes the number of

surface roughness data records to follow This information is

stored in NUMSRD The next NUMSRD records contain data on the

location and value of surface roughness The format is as follows

C-42

15 IS F50

I-c~ordinat~J-coor~~ Surface roughness (meters)

This data is only roquired if the MyrupRanzieri difshy

fusivity model is desired If no surface roughness data is

needed set NUMSRD = 0 to terminate the surface roughness deck

The following data decks are required cpch hour except

as noted

437 WindData Deck

The first record of the wind data deck describes the

number of wind data sites (stored as NUMEWD) and the hour at which

the next wind data deck is to be~ read (stored as NOWEWD) This

procedure allows the user to use the same wind data for multiple

hours without rereadinp the sar1e data deck each hour If NOWEWD is

set to 0 the wind data deck must be read in the next hour If

(cit hour) NUMEWD = 5 the diti_ deck read in at hour two will be

used to calculate the wind field for hours 2 3 and 4 at hour

5 a new wind data deck must be entered The format of the data

deck specification record is as follows

15 15

num~r of w~ hour at which next wind locations NUMEWD data deck is to be read NOWEWD

For each wind data site at least two reco- Js are reshy

quired The first record specifies the location of the wind

data site and the confidence value (from 00 - 10) that the

user places in the data (a value of 10 will force the wind field

to agree with input value at the site while a value of 00 will

initialize the wind field using the input data but will allow the

wind field to adjust itself without further regard to the input

data) Valid reliable hour average wind data is usually weighted

as 10 while instantaneous pibal data is usually weighted as 01

C-43

Note The number of terrain cells at any location I J can be

determined by

fHT(IJ) - HTMIN) + 5]IHT (IJ) ~ Integer portion of L 32808-DZ

where

IHT (IJ) is the number of terrain cells at IJ

HT (IJ) is the height in feet at IJ

HTMIN is the minimum value in the HT array

middotnzmiddot is the vertical cell size in meters

At least one wind data location is required and a maximum of 50

data locations are permitted

438 Stability Data Deck

The first record of the stability data deck like the

first record of the wind data deck describes the number of stashy

bility data sites (stored asNUMESD) and the hour at which the

next set of stability data is to be read (stored as NOWESD) The

format is the same as for the wind data record

J5 IS

number~f stabili~ hour at which the next stability locations NUMESD_ data is to be read NOWESD

For each stability data location at least two records are required

the first record contains the location of the stabiiity data

IS IS

I-loc4on J~ation

C-46

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bullmiddot

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C-39

43 INPUT FILE DESCRIPTION

This section contains a record-by-record description of

the input file required to run IMPACT

Three records are read in using the NAMELIST convention

(GRIDIT OPTION OUTPUT) The remaining recorCi are transfered

under format control

The input records are described below in the order shown

in Figure 7

431 Title

The title record consists of up to 80 characters that

identify the particular run read in under a 20A4 format

432 amp GRIDIT

This namelist record describes the s5ze and resolution

of the problem

specifies the cell size in meters (e~st-westDXDY l north-south and vertical) DZ

NX specifies the number of grid cells in the NY x y z-directions NZ l

433 amp OPTION

This namelist record describes the options requested for

wind field chemistry point source plume rise and diffusion mode

IDOWND selects wind field model IDOWND 1 WEST

IDOCEM selects the chemistry model

IDOCEM = 0 no pollutants wind and diffusion field calculation only

IDOCEM = 1 no chemistry single tracer pollushytant (NS= 1)

C-40

IDOCEM - 3 sulfate chemistry (NS - 3)

IDOCEM = 6 GRC photochemistry (NS == 6)

IDOCEM = 15 EPA photochemistry (NS = 15)

IDOPLM selects the plume rise option

IDOPLM = 1 Briggs 69 plume rise

IDOPLM = 2 Briggs 71+ plume rise

IDOPLM = 3 TVA plume rise

IDOPLM = 7 user-specified ULJ- IDOPLM = 8 user-specified lIH

IDODIF selects the diffusivity model C1tion

IDODIF= 1 MyrupRanzieri diffusivity model

IDODIF = 3 DEPICT diffusivity model

434 amp OUTPUT

This namelist record describes the total number of hours

to be simulated and the output options desired

NUMHRS the number of hours to be simulated by IMPACT IDOPLT the frequency in integer hours for printer

contour output

IDOPLT = 0 no printer contour desired

IDOPLT = 1 printer contours every hour

IDOPLT = 3 printer contours every 3 hours plus first hour (ie hours 1 3 6 )

IDOPRN the frequency in integer hours for printer edit output

IDOPRN = 0 no printer edits desired

IDOPRN = 1 printer edit every hour

IDOPRN = 3 printer edit every 3 ~Jurs plus first hour

IDOCAL option for calcomp plots of wind field vectors and pollutant concentration contours - not currently implemented set IDOCAL = 0

HRSAVG the integer number of hours desired for calcushylating average surface concentration

HRSAVG = 1 one-hour average concentrations desired printed every hour (IDOPRN IDOPLT should also be set to 1)

C-41

HRSAVG - 3 three-hour average concentrntions desired printed every third hour (3 6 9 ) IDOPRN IDOPLT should be set to l or 3)

IDOSUR option for prints all vertical levels of the field arrays or just the values at the surface

IDOSUR = 0 print all vertical levels plus the surface

IDOSUR = 1 print surface values only

435 Terrain Deck

Each card in the terrain deck holds consecutive x terrain

heights (in feet) and is self-identi_fied by having x and y cell

location valties If an entire record contains zero heights for

each location it is not required A record with a value of

I= -1 is required to terminate the terrain deck

Each terrain record holds up to 10 distinct elevations

The terrain record format is diagrammed below

12 12 10 FSO

I-cdordinate -_ J-coord~ 10 terrain locator locator hei-ihts (feet)

The I-coordinate locator value is the I-coordinate of the 1st

terrain value on the record and can have only the following

values 1 11 21 31 The values on the card thus correspond

to locations at (I J) (1+2 J) (1+9 J) The J-coordinate

locator has the values 1 2 3 NY

436 Surface Roughrtess Deck

The surface roughness deck contains two types of records

The first record read as an 15 format describes the number of

surface roughness data records to follow This information is

stored in NUMSRD The next NUMSRD records contain data on the

location and value of surface roughness The format is as follows

C-42

15 IS F50

I-c~ordinat~J-coor~~ Surface roughness (meters)

This data is only roquired if the MyrupRanzieri difshy

fusivity model is desired If no surface roughness data is

needed set NUMSRD = 0 to terminate the surface roughness deck

The following data decks are required cpch hour except

as noted

437 WindData Deck

The first record of the wind data deck describes the

number of wind data sites (stored as NUMEWD) and the hour at which

the next wind data deck is to be~ read (stored as NOWEWD) This

procedure allows the user to use the same wind data for multiple

hours without rereadinp the sar1e data deck each hour If NOWEWD is

set to 0 the wind data deck must be read in the next hour If

(cit hour) NUMEWD = 5 the diti_ deck read in at hour two will be

used to calculate the wind field for hours 2 3 and 4 at hour

5 a new wind data deck must be entered The format of the data

deck specification record is as follows

15 15

num~r of w~ hour at which next wind locations NUMEWD data deck is to be read NOWEWD

For each wind data site at least two reco- Js are reshy

quired The first record specifies the location of the wind

data site and the confidence value (from 00 - 10) that the

user places in the data (a value of 10 will force the wind field

to agree with input value at the site while a value of 00 will

initialize the wind field using the input data but will allow the

wind field to adjust itself without further regard to the input

data) Valid reliable hour average wind data is usually weighted

as 10 while instantaneous pibal data is usually weighted as 01

C-43

Note The number of terrain cells at any location I J can be

determined by

fHT(IJ) - HTMIN) + 5]IHT (IJ) ~ Integer portion of L 32808-DZ

where

IHT (IJ) is the number of terrain cells at IJ

HT (IJ) is the height in feet at IJ

HTMIN is the minimum value in the HT array

middotnzmiddot is the vertical cell size in meters

At least one wind data location is required and a maximum of 50

data locations are permitted

438 Stability Data Deck

The first record of the stability data deck like the

first record of the wind data deck describes the number of stashy

bility data sites (stored asNUMESD) and the hour at which the

next set of stability data is to be read (stored as NOWESD) The

format is the same as for the wind data record

J5 IS

number~f stabili~ hour at which the next stability locations NUMESD_ data is to be read NOWESD

For each stability data location at least two records are required

the first record contains the location of the stabiiity data

IS IS

I-loc4on J~ation

C-46

43 INPUT FILE DESCRIPTION

This section contains a record-by-record description of

the input file required to run IMPACT

Three records are read in using the NAMELIST convention

(GRIDIT OPTION OUTPUT) The remaining recorCi are transfered

under format control

The input records are described below in the order shown

in Figure 7

431 Title

The title record consists of up to 80 characters that

identify the particular run read in under a 20A4 format

432 amp GRIDIT

This namelist record describes the s5ze and resolution

of the problem

specifies the cell size in meters (e~st-westDXDY l north-south and vertical) DZ

NX specifies the number of grid cells in the NY x y z-directions NZ l

433 amp OPTION

This namelist record describes the options requested for

wind field chemistry point source plume rise and diffusion mode

IDOWND selects wind field model IDOWND 1 WEST

IDOCEM selects the chemistry model

IDOCEM = 0 no pollutants wind and diffusion field calculation only

IDOCEM = 1 no chemistry single tracer pollushytant (NS= 1)

C-40

IDOCEM - 3 sulfate chemistry (NS - 3)

IDOCEM = 6 GRC photochemistry (NS == 6)

IDOCEM = 15 EPA photochemistry (NS = 15)

IDOPLM selects the plume rise option

IDOPLM = 1 Briggs 69 plume rise

IDOPLM = 2 Briggs 71+ plume rise

IDOPLM = 3 TVA plume rise

IDOPLM = 7 user-specified ULJ- IDOPLM = 8 user-specified lIH

IDODIF selects the diffusivity model C1tion

IDODIF= 1 MyrupRanzieri diffusivity model

IDODIF = 3 DEPICT diffusivity model

434 amp OUTPUT

This namelist record describes the total number of hours

to be simulated and the output options desired

NUMHRS the number of hours to be simulated by IMPACT IDOPLT the frequency in integer hours for printer

contour output

IDOPLT = 0 no printer contour desired

IDOPLT = 1 printer contours every hour

IDOPLT = 3 printer contours every 3 hours plus first hour (ie hours 1 3 6 )

IDOPRN the frequency in integer hours for printer edit output

IDOPRN = 0 no printer edits desired

IDOPRN = 1 printer edit every hour

IDOPRN = 3 printer edit every 3 ~Jurs plus first hour

IDOCAL option for calcomp plots of wind field vectors and pollutant concentration contours - not currently implemented set IDOCAL = 0

HRSAVG the integer number of hours desired for calcushylating average surface concentration

HRSAVG = 1 one-hour average concentrations desired printed every hour (IDOPRN IDOPLT should also be set to 1)

C-41

HRSAVG - 3 three-hour average concentrntions desired printed every third hour (3 6 9 ) IDOPRN IDOPLT should be set to l or 3)

IDOSUR option for prints all vertical levels of the field arrays or just the values at the surface

IDOSUR = 0 print all vertical levels plus the surface

IDOSUR = 1 print surface values only

435 Terrain Deck

Each card in the terrain deck holds consecutive x terrain

heights (in feet) and is self-identi_fied by having x and y cell

location valties If an entire record contains zero heights for

each location it is not required A record with a value of

I= -1 is required to terminate the terrain deck

Each terrain record holds up to 10 distinct elevations

The terrain record format is diagrammed below

12 12 10 FSO

I-cdordinate -_ J-coord~ 10 terrain locator locator hei-ihts (feet)

The I-coordinate locator value is the I-coordinate of the 1st

terrain value on the record and can have only the following

values 1 11 21 31 The values on the card thus correspond

to locations at (I J) (1+2 J) (1+9 J) The J-coordinate

locator has the values 1 2 3 NY

436 Surface Roughrtess Deck

The surface roughness deck contains two types of records

The first record read as an 15 format describes the number of

surface roughness data records to follow This information is

stored in NUMSRD The next NUMSRD records contain data on the

location and value of surface roughness The format is as follows

C-42

15 IS F50

I-c~ordinat~J-coor~~ Surface roughness (meters)

This data is only roquired if the MyrupRanzieri difshy

fusivity model is desired If no surface roughness data is

needed set NUMSRD = 0 to terminate the surface roughness deck

The following data decks are required cpch hour except

as noted

437 WindData Deck

The first record of the wind data deck describes the

number of wind data sites (stored as NUMEWD) and the hour at which

the next wind data deck is to be~ read (stored as NOWEWD) This

procedure allows the user to use the same wind data for multiple

hours without rereadinp the sar1e data deck each hour If NOWEWD is

set to 0 the wind data deck must be read in the next hour If

(cit hour) NUMEWD = 5 the diti_ deck read in at hour two will be

used to calculate the wind field for hours 2 3 and 4 at hour

5 a new wind data deck must be entered The format of the data

deck specification record is as follows

15 15

num~r of w~ hour at which next wind locations NUMEWD data deck is to be read NOWEWD

For each wind data site at least two reco- Js are reshy

quired The first record specifies the location of the wind

data site and the confidence value (from 00 - 10) that the

user places in the data (a value of 10 will force the wind field

to agree with input value at the site while a value of 00 will

initialize the wind field using the input data but will allow the

wind field to adjust itself without further regard to the input

data) Valid reliable hour average wind data is usually weighted

as 10 while instantaneous pibal data is usually weighted as 01

C-43

Note The number of terrain cells at any location I J can be

determined by

fHT(IJ) - HTMIN) + 5]IHT (IJ) ~ Integer portion of L 32808-DZ

where

IHT (IJ) is the number of terrain cells at IJ

HT (IJ) is the height in feet at IJ

HTMIN is the minimum value in the HT array

middotnzmiddot is the vertical cell size in meters

At least one wind data location is required and a maximum of 50

data locations are permitted

438 Stability Data Deck

The first record of the stability data deck like the

first record of the wind data deck describes the number of stashy

bility data sites (stored asNUMESD) and the hour at which the

next set of stability data is to be read (stored as NOWESD) The

format is the same as for the wind data record

J5 IS

number~f stabili~ hour at which the next stability locations NUMESD_ data is to be read NOWESD

For each stability data location at least two records are required

the first record contains the location of the stabiiity data

IS IS

I-loc4on J~ation

C-46

IDOCEM - 3 sulfate chemistry (NS - 3)

IDOCEM = 6 GRC photochemistry (NS == 6)

IDOCEM = 15 EPA photochemistry (NS = 15)

IDOPLM selects the plume rise option

IDOPLM = 1 Briggs 69 plume rise

IDOPLM = 2 Briggs 71+ plume rise

IDOPLM = 3 TVA plume rise

IDOPLM = 7 user-specified ULJ- IDOPLM = 8 user-specified lIH

IDODIF selects the diffusivity model C1tion

IDODIF= 1 MyrupRanzieri diffusivity model

IDODIF = 3 DEPICT diffusivity model

434 amp OUTPUT

This namelist record describes the total number of hours

to be simulated and the output options desired

NUMHRS the number of hours to be simulated by IMPACT IDOPLT the frequency in integer hours for printer

contour output

IDOPLT = 0 no printer contour desired

IDOPLT = 1 printer contours every hour

IDOPLT = 3 printer contours every 3 hours plus first hour (ie hours 1 3 6 )

IDOPRN the frequency in integer hours for printer edit output

IDOPRN = 0 no printer edits desired

IDOPRN = 1 printer edit every hour

IDOPRN = 3 printer edit every 3 ~Jurs plus first hour

IDOCAL option for calcomp plots of wind field vectors and pollutant concentration contours - not currently implemented set IDOCAL = 0

HRSAVG the integer number of hours desired for calcushylating average surface concentration

HRSAVG = 1 one-hour average concentrations desired printed every hour (IDOPRN IDOPLT should also be set to 1)

C-41

HRSAVG - 3 three-hour average concentrntions desired printed every third hour (3 6 9 ) IDOPRN IDOPLT should be set to l or 3)

IDOSUR option for prints all vertical levels of the field arrays or just the values at the surface

IDOSUR = 0 print all vertical levels plus the surface

IDOSUR = 1 print surface values only

435 Terrain Deck

Each card in the terrain deck holds consecutive x terrain

heights (in feet) and is self-identi_fied by having x and y cell

location valties If an entire record contains zero heights for

each location it is not required A record with a value of

I= -1 is required to terminate the terrain deck

Each terrain record holds up to 10 distinct elevations

The terrain record format is diagrammed below

12 12 10 FSO

I-cdordinate -_ J-coord~ 10 terrain locator locator hei-ihts (feet)

The I-coordinate locator value is the I-coordinate of the 1st

terrain value on the record and can have only the following

values 1 11 21 31 The values on the card thus correspond

to locations at (I J) (1+2 J) (1+9 J) The J-coordinate

locator has the values 1 2 3 NY

436 Surface Roughrtess Deck

The surface roughness deck contains two types of records

The first record read as an 15 format describes the number of

surface roughness data records to follow This information is

stored in NUMSRD The next NUMSRD records contain data on the

location and value of surface roughness The format is as follows

C-42

15 IS F50

I-c~ordinat~J-coor~~ Surface roughness (meters)

This data is only roquired if the MyrupRanzieri difshy

fusivity model is desired If no surface roughness data is

needed set NUMSRD = 0 to terminate the surface roughness deck

The following data decks are required cpch hour except

as noted

437 WindData Deck

The first record of the wind data deck describes the

number of wind data sites (stored as NUMEWD) and the hour at which

the next wind data deck is to be~ read (stored as NOWEWD) This

procedure allows the user to use the same wind data for multiple

hours without rereadinp the sar1e data deck each hour If NOWEWD is

set to 0 the wind data deck must be read in the next hour If

(cit hour) NUMEWD = 5 the diti_ deck read in at hour two will be

used to calculate the wind field for hours 2 3 and 4 at hour

5 a new wind data deck must be entered The format of the data

deck specification record is as follows

15 15

num~r of w~ hour at which next wind locations NUMEWD data deck is to be read NOWEWD

For each wind data site at least two reco- Js are reshy

quired The first record specifies the location of the wind

data site and the confidence value (from 00 - 10) that the

user places in the data (a value of 10 will force the wind field

to agree with input value at the site while a value of 00 will

initialize the wind field using the input data but will allow the

wind field to adjust itself without further regard to the input

data) Valid reliable hour average wind data is usually weighted

as 10 while instantaneous pibal data is usually weighted as 01

C-43

Note The number of terrain cells at any location I J can be

determined by

fHT(IJ) - HTMIN) + 5]IHT (IJ) ~ Integer portion of L 32808-DZ

where

IHT (IJ) is the number of terrain cells at IJ

HT (IJ) is the height in feet at IJ

HTMIN is the minimum value in the HT array

middotnzmiddot is the vertical cell size in meters

At least one wind data location is required and a maximum of 50

data locations are permitted

438 Stability Data Deck

The first record of the stability data deck like the

first record of the wind data deck describes the number of stashy

bility data sites (stored asNUMESD) and the hour at which the

next set of stability data is to be read (stored as NOWESD) The

format is the same as for the wind data record

J5 IS

number~f stabili~ hour at which the next stability locations NUMESD_ data is to be read NOWESD

For each stability data location at least two records are required

the first record contains the location of the stabiiity data

IS IS

I-loc4on J~ation

C-46

HRSAVG - 3 three-hour average concentrntions desired printed every third hour (3 6 9 ) IDOPRN IDOPLT should be set to l or 3)

IDOSUR option for prints all vertical levels of the field arrays or just the values at the surface

IDOSUR = 0 print all vertical levels plus the surface

IDOSUR = 1 print surface values only

435 Terrain Deck

Each card in the terrain deck holds consecutive x terrain

heights (in feet) and is self-identi_fied by having x and y cell

location valties If an entire record contains zero heights for

each location it is not required A record with a value of

I= -1 is required to terminate the terrain deck

Each terrain record holds up to 10 distinct elevations

The terrain record format is diagrammed below

12 12 10 FSO

I-cdordinate -_ J-coord~ 10 terrain locator locator hei-ihts (feet)

The I-coordinate locator value is the I-coordinate of the 1st

terrain value on the record and can have only the following

values 1 11 21 31 The values on the card thus correspond

to locations at (I J) (1+2 J) (1+9 J) The J-coordinate

locator has the values 1 2 3 NY

436 Surface Roughrtess Deck

The surface roughness deck contains two types of records

The first record read as an 15 format describes the number of

surface roughness data records to follow This information is

stored in NUMSRD The next NUMSRD records contain data on the

location and value of surface roughness The format is as follows

C-42

15 IS F50

I-c~ordinat~J-coor~~ Surface roughness (meters)

This data is only roquired if the MyrupRanzieri difshy

fusivity model is desired If no surface roughness data is

needed set NUMSRD = 0 to terminate the surface roughness deck

The following data decks are required cpch hour except

as noted

437 WindData Deck

The first record of the wind data deck describes the

number of wind data sites (stored as NUMEWD) and the hour at which

the next wind data deck is to be~ read (stored as NOWEWD) This

procedure allows the user to use the same wind data for multiple

hours without rereadinp the sar1e data deck each hour If NOWEWD is

set to 0 the wind data deck must be read in the next hour If

(cit hour) NUMEWD = 5 the diti_ deck read in at hour two will be

used to calculate the wind field for hours 2 3 and 4 at hour

5 a new wind data deck must be entered The format of the data

deck specification record is as follows

15 15

num~r of w~ hour at which next wind locations NUMEWD data deck is to be read NOWEWD

For each wind data site at least two reco- Js are reshy

quired The first record specifies the location of the wind

data site and the confidence value (from 00 - 10) that the

user places in the data (a value of 10 will force the wind field

to agree with input value at the site while a value of 00 will

initialize the wind field using the input data but will allow the

wind field to adjust itself without further regard to the input

data) Valid reliable hour average wind data is usually weighted

as 10 while instantaneous pibal data is usually weighted as 01

C-43

Note The number of terrain cells at any location I J can be

determined by

fHT(IJ) - HTMIN) + 5]IHT (IJ) ~ Integer portion of L 32808-DZ

where

IHT (IJ) is the number of terrain cells at IJ

HT (IJ) is the height in feet at IJ

HTMIN is the minimum value in the HT array

middotnzmiddot is the vertical cell size in meters

At least one wind data location is required and a maximum of 50

data locations are permitted

438 Stability Data Deck

The first record of the stability data deck like the

first record of the wind data deck describes the number of stashy

bility data sites (stored asNUMESD) and the hour at which the

next set of stability data is to be read (stored as NOWESD) The

format is the same as for the wind data record

J5 IS

number~f stabili~ hour at which the next stability locations NUMESD_ data is to be read NOWESD

For each stability data location at least two records are required

the first record contains the location of the stabiiity data

IS IS

I-loc4on J~ation

C-46

15 IS F50

I-c~ordinat~J-coor~~ Surface roughness (meters)

This data is only roquired if the MyrupRanzieri difshy

fusivity model is desired If no surface roughness data is

needed set NUMSRD = 0 to terminate the surface roughness deck

The following data decks are required cpch hour except

as noted

437 WindData Deck

The first record of the wind data deck describes the

number of wind data sites (stored as NUMEWD) and the hour at which

the next wind data deck is to be~ read (stored as NOWEWD) This

procedure allows the user to use the same wind data for multiple

hours without rereadinp the sar1e data deck each hour If NOWEWD is

set to 0 the wind data deck must be read in the next hour If

(cit hour) NUMEWD = 5 the diti_ deck read in at hour two will be

used to calculate the wind field for hours 2 3 and 4 at hour

5 a new wind data deck must be entered The format of the data

deck specification record is as follows

15 15

num~r of w~ hour at which next wind locations NUMEWD data deck is to be read NOWEWD

For each wind data site at least two reco- Js are reshy

quired The first record specifies the location of the wind

data site and the confidence value (from 00 - 10) that the

user places in the data (a value of 10 will force the wind field

to agree with input value at the site while a value of 00 will

initialize the wind field using the input data but will allow the

wind field to adjust itself without further regard to the input

data) Valid reliable hour average wind data is usually weighted

as 10 while instantaneous pibal data is usually weighted as 01

C-43

Note The number of terrain cells at any location I J can be

determined by

fHT(IJ) - HTMIN) + 5]IHT (IJ) ~ Integer portion of L 32808-DZ

where

IHT (IJ) is the number of terrain cells at IJ

HT (IJ) is the height in feet at IJ

HTMIN is the minimum value in the HT array

middotnzmiddot is the vertical cell size in meters

At least one wind data location is required and a maximum of 50

data locations are permitted

438 Stability Data Deck

The first record of the stability data deck like the

first record of the wind data deck describes the number of stashy

bility data sites (stored asNUMESD) and the hour at which the

next set of stability data is to be read (stored as NOWESD) The

format is the same as for the wind data record

J5 IS

number~f stabili~ hour at which the next stability locations NUMESD_ data is to be read NOWESD

For each stability data location at least two records are required

the first record contains the location of the stabiiity data

IS IS

I-loc4on J~ation

C-46

Note The number of terrain cells at any location I J can be

determined by

fHT(IJ) - HTMIN) + 5]IHT (IJ) ~ Integer portion of L 32808-DZ

where

IHT (IJ) is the number of terrain cells at IJ

HT (IJ) is the height in feet at IJ

HTMIN is the minimum value in the HT array

middotnzmiddot is the vertical cell size in meters

At least one wind data location is required and a maximum of 50

data locations are permitted

438 Stability Data Deck

The first record of the stability data deck like the

first record of the wind data deck describes the number of stashy

bility data sites (stored asNUMESD) and the hour at which the

next set of stability data is to be read (stored as NOWESD) The

format is the same as for the wind data record

J5 IS

number~f stabili~ hour at which the next stability locations NUMESD_ data is to be read NOWESD

For each stability data location at least two records are required

the first record contains the location of the stabiiity data

IS IS

I-loc4on J~ation

C-46

The next rcmiddotcord cmll ainf up Lo l(gt VilhHbull- of ntmiddotrnosplieric stability

Jf NZ gtl( not1w ncord cnnt1i11in tmiddotilliJity thLi foi- K 17 ]8

19 20 i nc~c~dcd Tllo stabj_lity claLt ir entered in the follm-1ing

format

16 FSO

where vc1lues of stability may be specified ns

0 inside terrain

10 - 15 Pasquill stabiljty class I

2 bull Jrmiddot1 5 - Pasquill stability class B

25 - 35 Pasquill stability clas~ C

35 - 45 Pnsquill stability class D

1 5 - 55 PasquiJ1 stability class E

55 - 65 Pasqui11 stability class F

65 - 70 Pasquill stability class G

Table 5 may be usod as a ruicle for converting temperature

ampounJing ltLila to stability Unlike the wind t1ata the stability

data is not entered relative to local ground-level The code does

not fill in blanks in the vertical thusmiddot the user must enter

exactly NZ values of stability (assigning zero to cells inside

terrain and assigning stnbilities to cells which actually may not

have had a datum value)

Table 5 Classification of Atmospheric Stability According to AEC Safety Guide 23

I I

Stability Classification

Pasquill c~tecrories

0

Tcrnper1ture Change With Height (degC100m)

Extremely unstable

Moderately unstable

Slightly unstable

Neutral

Sligl1tl y stable

11oderatdy stable

Extremely stable

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

lt-1 9

-1 9 to -1 7

-1 7 to -1 5

-1 5 to -0 5

-0 5 to 1 5

1 5 to 4 0

gt 4 0

C-1-8

Example NZ= 17

Location I= 3 J = 25K= 17

16 Set B = 20 F = 60 E = 50 D = 4015 14 Extra values for needed cells 17 16 13 1013 7 612 11 Choose 20 20 40 55 4010 40 respectively

9 8 7 6

r bullrl

H

B B

F F

E D

~~~ ctj H H OJ w

The input records for this site would be

Location

0 10I I

50 bull I

70 I

80

First record 03 25

Second rtbullcord

00 00 00 00 00 40 40 40 50 55 60 60 40 20 20 20

Third record

20 remainder blank

At least one stability datum must be specified for every

K-level a maximum of 50 stability data sites are allowed

439 Point Source Deck

If IDOCEM = 0 the point source data deck is not required

The first record of the point source deck like the first record

of the wind data deck describes the number of point sources

(stored as NUMEPS) and the hour at which the nRxt point source

data is to be read (stored as NOWEPS) If only one set of point

source data is desired set NOWEPS to a number greater than the

number of hours to be simulated (NUMHRS) The format is the same

as the wind data record ie

IS 15

NUMEPS NOWEPS

If no point sources arc needed for a particular hour set NUMEPS =

0 and omit the following records

For each point source two records are required The

first record contains information on the stack and its operating

conditions The format and the associated variables are as follows

IS IS FSO FSO FSO FSO FS0 FSO

i 1 r i 1 t t t IPS JPS HPS TPS VPS DPS SPS UDH

Stack variable definitions

IPS The I-coordinate of the stack

JPS The J-coordinate of the stack

HPS Stack height in meters (relative to local terrain)

TPS Temperature of the plume in degc VPS The stack volume flow in m3sec

DPS The inside diameter at the top of the stack in meters

SPS The exit plume velocity in meterssec

UDH A specified plume rise parameter

C-SO

------

IDOPLM - 7 Ah= UDHS UDH in rn2sec

If

IDOPLM = 8 ~h = UDH UDH in meters

Ah is the plume rise (meters)

S is the wind speed at the top of the stack msec

If VPS 1s specified DPS and SPS are not required or vise versa

If fDll is specified then TPS VPS DPS and SPS are not required

The second record containr information on the point source

on1issions The input on this record varies with the choice of

JDOCE~I However all data are read into EPST in a 16F50 format 0and arc in units of gramssecond They are specified as follows

IDOCEM - 1 IDOCEM = 3 IDOCEM 6 IDOCEM = 15 EPST (1) tracer trAcer tracer tracer EPST (2) S02 N02 N02 EPST (3) S04 NO NO EPST (4) 03 03 EPST (5) HC (reactive) HCl (olefins)

EPST (6) HN02 HC2 (aronHtics) EPST (7) HC3 (parafins) EPST (8) HC4 (alc1ehydes) EPST (9) N205 EPST (10) HN03 EPST (11) HN02 EPST (12) H02 EPST (13) H202 EPST (14) ROO EPST (15) RCOO

A maximum of 50 point sources may be specified

C-51

~-310 Area Source Deck

If ID0CEM = 0 are1 source deck is not required

The first record of the area source deck defcribes the

number of area sources (stored as NUMASD) and the hour at which

the next area source deck is to be read (storeo as NOWASD) The

format is the same as for the point source data

IS IS

I NUMASD NOWASD

If no area sources are needed for a particular hour set NUtffiSD =

0 and omit the following records If only one set of area source

data is desired for the entire problem set NOWASD gt NUMHRS

For each area source two records are required The

first record contains information on the location of the area

source Each area source is defined as a rectangle whose sides

are an integral number of DX and DY The locations of the lowershy

left corner and the upper-right corner of the area source are reshy

quired to specify the area source The format for this record is

as follows

15 15 15 15

I ILAS IRASt JLAS JRAS

Example

(10 30)

t J

(7 I

31

30 -- -------29 area sou ce

28 I 27 I 6 7 8 9 10

28) I--+

C-52

In this example ILAS - 7 IHAS - 10 JLAS = 28 JHAS = 30

The record would look like this

0 10 20

07 10 28 30

If only one cell is required to specify an area source set ILAS =

IHAS JLAS = JHAS However all data must be entered in this n~shy

cord The second record contains information on the area source

emissions The format of this record is exactly the same as the

point source emissions record (Refer to section 41313 for

further information)

The emissions required for the area source deck are in

grams per second per gric S_ell Thus if the emissions for the

entire area source is~ gsec the emissions per grid cell

r gsecgridcellequal ~ ((HIAS-ILAS + l)middot (JHAS-JLAS + 1))

The variable Eis required as input in this record

A maximum of 50 area sources may be specified

4311 Background Concentration Deck

The background concentration deck allows the user to

specify the spatial distribution of pollutants Those cells not

affected by point or area sources (defined as cellf whose tracer

~oncentrations is less thjn 0001 i1~m3) are assigned concentrashy

tions based on a weighted lr2 interpolation of background conshy

centration values at the particular vertical level Thus the

user must specify the vertical profile for all pollutants at each

site If IDOCEM = 0 the hackground concentration deck is not

required

C-53

The first record of the hi ckground cone en t r1 t ion dee1

describes tbc number of background sites (stored as NUMBCP) and

the hour at which the next background concentration deck is to be

read (stored as NOWBCP) The format is the same for the point

source data

1s NOWBCP

If no background data is needed set NUMRCP and o iit the following

records If only one set of data is needed for the entire problem

set NOWBCP gt NUMHRS If for ex1mplc no data is needed fo-r- the

entire problem (eg if IDOCEM 1 tracer only) set NUMBCP = 0

and NOWBCP NUMHRS + 1

For each backrround concentration data point NZ+ 1

records are required The first record describes the coordinate

location

IS

IS t

IBC JBC

where

IBC is the I-location of the background data

JBC is the J-location of the backRround data

The next NZ records describe the background cortcentrations

of the reactive pollutants for each level starting at K = 1 and

continuing to K = NZ If for example levels K = ~ to K = 6 are

below the surface six blank cards must be inserted to account for

levels K = 1 to K = 6 Every level must be specified The input

on these records varies with the selection of IDOCEM However

all data are read into EBC in a 14F50 format and are in units of

ppm They are specified as follows

C-54

IDOCEM middot- 3 IDOCEM == 6 IDOCEM == 15

EBC (1) S02 N0 2 N02 EBC (2) SOL~ NO NO EBC (3) 03 03

EBC (4) HC (reactive) HCl

EBC (5) HN0 2 IC2

EBC (6) HC3

EBC ( 7)

EBC (8) N205 EBC (9) mw 3 EBC (10) H0 2 EBC (11) HO) EBC (12) H207-EBC (13) ROO

EBC (14) RCOO

EBC (15)

Jf IDOCEM - 3 6 or 15 at least one background concentration data

mi 1st bl~ specified for every K level a rnaxinn1111 of 50 background

concentration data sites may be specified

~312 Global Parameters Data

The global parameter data record specifies spRtially

in-_1niant data required for conversion of emission pjsec to c-r1isshy

~ic111s ppm (the calculation of plume rise and pc1r1rneters needed for

photochemical calculations) If IDOCEM = 0 this record is not

rPq Llired middot Otherwide this record is required each 1our and conshy

cl udes the hour input unit The format of this record is as

follows

Fbull 0 F50 FSO F50 F50

I t t t t TGRND SOLAR PRESR AMBCO AMI-ZO

C-5 5

With the following elobal parameter definitions

TGRND air temperature at the surface 0 c (specify 20deg as a default value)

SOLAR ambient insolation in wattsm2 (needed for photoshychemical simulations)

PRESR ambient atmospheric pressure in millibars (specify 1000 as a default value)

AMBCO ambient carbon monoxide in ppm (required for EPA photochemistry lDOCEM = 15)

AMHZO ambient water vapor concentration in ppm (reshyquired for EPA photochemistry IDOCEM = 15)

C-56

L+ L+ PROGRAM INPUT SUMMARY

Table 6 provides a summary of progrc1m input

C-57

Cgt 0

()l( 0 l(

[ l( l(

(_)U) 0 0 r1n Cl 0

H middoti 1 r D 0 l lJ lI II tJ l(Id

Ii l( I( 1 If [1 Li ll (1 lf lC rJ lJ l( micro tf LJ1 ti gt- H Lfbull-t Ht-middot-) t--i I- 4 0 ~ middot1 ~ I L( HI--[( f---~ 1-1 J t ra t- l (l N fJ I (J (I -i l J CJ rl (J r ---i J (Jr i II

~r microJ

~sr

u11 II tJ H t-()

-f I (J [-

~ t

rt [l t ~ bull r

t 1 n j ---E-lt 1l cl ltct() lt U) middot-J LbulllI l ( ) ~ (i (d Ei (L- 1 ~11 r_

II II (11 H n c Cl middot- r ~~ - Lil ( gt l bull rr l ~ ~ l1jH lL 1- cmiddot

fl] () n r rr_ E bull -t-f-bull 1-gt lrl bull( f bull ( uI t)

()() (1 )r- gt 1J

r Cl [1middot(poundmiddotbull I 1 n

gt- tl l bull middot1 0 ~

i_)middot) [ ltp U) II ~--l Id i -I 1 f rlU rmiddot- r

0 lLl [11 fl V) J middotl

-1 C) 11

(_)

r ~n0 i-~ II ~- gt 1)

[ fil fj

cl o n bullC)II tmiddot-gt- (1 t l CJ () ld f I J __ro rd 1-1

() r t l0 J ( middotf n o t_) hl C) lt_) VJ middotmiddotX r (J U) () C~ I- I o rr 1 + bull( Lrl lt( t -i ( rmiddot 11 ~ bull t bull ~Ul V) ITfrW (_ l bull 1 ~ bull ~i l i vJ middot r bullrnn 1 n l n C) 0

4- () f- -I H r l (J fr) r~ (J ( (l [ ) (1 (bull) Ci)

0 C) (-1 i V) Ct N bull[) (() rl C II II 11 --~ l Lil Cl1 f) 1-middotl I-lt co

() lto ~1~ c J n I

[-J n =- ~ Ci gt-~ ~- (J --iumiddoti

gtmiddot C1gt1- - r1i I- bull

bull-l o bl gtbl(~ - 11 er (_) ~-) gt middot ~ ~ ) r1 ~ - U) bull 0 [) () - ) ~ () u ri --i [cl~

() CJ er~ (J [~Cl~ 01 n (il (1

(_) gt-- 1-l ii c [J

lt ~ II middot ~ X UJ -z t middotIp_ J 0 () Li 0 S [) --i 0 ~J r-1 P-lt gt - er (-lt [) 11 ti) t- II u ~3

- rn i n bull( lol cbull (-J] ~er IT 10-

ld Id ll lt z C T () CJ p - ( ~ ~lt J~ -I C)

r l CJ r i r-1 1--IO C) _ ~ 0 0 0 () - 6 ~-1 bull( 1 -1 middot C) ) -~ () Ormiddot-z L- =~ cr- z

__ E-~ [-lt ~ H0 II II II II II - l~ c 7- C) =----= UJ -~ n bull __ i-- ___ ~ro ~shyE-bullH Cl_ bull t 1 F ~ er - J 1 ~ (l U) -middotJ Q o ~-~ (l) ~ tJ~ ~j H ltr i--l J gtmiddot ) I s vl n c f (J bullE-lt u u () ~ - - u n o 0 (1 () bulll LI) t ) rd fbullJ C [cl ---() lt (J [) m ~rn

0000 0 () () (J - cJ - middotbull-l ~ en fl bull a ltmiddotcgt === u [t FioD middot) () ) Cl(L] i microJ ) co_ CJ rJnnnci on nn(tj f t -bull I-~ I-middot~ r I rbull1 f -1 1 -middot ) t-l I bull H _ 7- 1--1 _ i-~ __E-

U)

tJ n [J (J E- ~1~ z w

(rl [d 0 ~ D 0

u w H lt 0 n u OE~ cr E-bull er gtlt =-~ n Zlt ltC

E-lt 0 rr n - fmiddotbull E--lt (J H () 0 OE--lt

H -- H C)u 0 i [) crz bulli ll microJ n ~-- micro - ltC H Cl H lmiddot-lt E~ n [1 Q C(J z lt )U en

(-lt n _- n n z lt( H 0

b cw lt

w uz 0 ~ ( er

(- -~ olS f-1 [) [) H middot0 rd H lt 0 ltO _

lt P-lt ltC CI) u 0

C-58

5 CAVEATS

This section provides some helpfu1 points on assernbJj_np

the data and interpreting the output

C-59

--

S 1 STEILTTY ASSIGNMT~Tf

Since the stability profile (stored in STAB) alters the

computed wind field it is import to 1ssign the su1bi1 middoti ty layer 1)y

layer such that the intended profile is effected The point to

remember is that the stability of a given layer is assigned to

the top interface of that layer For example if it is desired

to simulate an atmosphere with the third layer stable and all the

other layers unstable the fol lowinr ass ignrnen t must f)e fo 1 J owed

physic3lly assignment

A A ~-

A A --- --middot---

-- A A middot-

A A --

A A

E E

E~+1 A

thus STd3 ( 2) 5

and STAB (3) 5

C-60

52 GRID SIZE

If IMPACT is used to evaluate the effects on air quality

due to point sources the grid size (DX DY) should be equal to or less than the plume width at the surface concentration maximum

If DX or DY is too large the maximum surface concentration will

be smoothed and lower concentration values will be predicted

Typical zone sizes are from 500 to 1000 meters for DX DY and

25 to 100 meters for DZ

C-61

5 3 NUMBER OF SPECIFIED wum SITES

If an excessive number of wind sites are used the asshy

signment of high confidence levels to each site will result in

an unrealistic wind field if the data is not compatable A rule

of thumb for determining the maximum number of ~igh confidence

level wind sites is N = (NXmiddotNY) divided by 40~40 If the

number of wind sites exceeds N reduce the confidence values

assigned to the winct data

C-62

5 4 MYRUP RlNZIERI DIFFUSIVITY MODEL

When using the MyrupRanzieri Model (IDODIF = l) the

user should take care that an inversion base and top are defined

everywhere in the grid That is the stability values go from

less than 45 at the surface to greater than 4J and then to less

than 45 again Otherwise the model may calculate large vertical

diffusivities (limited to 1000 m2 sec) even under stable conditions

when DZmiddotNZ is greater than 500 to 1000 meters The advection

diffusion time step will be limited in these circumstances to 2approximately At= 00008 (DZ) if DZ is equal to 100 meters

then At equal 8 seconds A time step of 8 seconds requires 450

advectiondiffusion cycles per hour which will result in long

run times for multiple-species multiple-hour simulations

C-63

5 5 LOCATION OF PODlT A1D REA SOURCES

Due to the boundary conditions specified for the second

order advectiondiffusion algorithm placing point or area sources

in cells at the edge of the cornputationnJ domain will result in an

over predictibn of pollutant concentrations The user should take

care that all point and area sources are at least one cell removed

from the boundary

i---------r-middot------ -r------r--~ f ) I i 1 bull kbull -+----- -+----i--middotmiddot- middotmiddot--middot~middot-middot middotbull---i

----~+__ i -+-~--Avoid placing I i

sources in the ___________ -----~--l shaded cells _J

i l t L J j L bull l j

i I

C-64

6 0 EXAMPLE PR OBJ EM

A simplified exemplnry problem designed to demonstrate

several of the features and options avnilable in the IMPACT code

is described below Section 61 illustrates the input file and

section 62 is the program output

The problem illustrated below is a grid of dimensions

NX =NY= 9 NZ= 7 DX= 750 DY= 500 DZ= 100 The shaded

area indicates the non-zero terrain (height= 1000 feet) Five

surface roughness data are specified (Z 0 ) although they arc not

required since IDODIF = 3 (DEPICT diffusivity)

9

8

7

t 6 J 5

4

3

z z

2

1 ~_________________z__

s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I~

The problem is to be run for 2 hours with wind and stabilitybull

data specified (wind at w stability at s) each hour Sulfate chem-

istry is selected (IDOCEM = 3) and there is sirnulati~n of both a

point source P with a user-specified 6h and emission equal to

10 gsec tracer 500 gsec S02 and no SO~ and an area source

indicated by the cross hatched area with emissions per grid cell

equal to 2 gsec tracer and 270 gsec S02 Background concentrashy

tions (B) are set to 00 for all levels and all species The wind

direction remains constant at 270deg for both hours while the wind

speed changes from 30 msec to J 5 msec The stability profile

is unstable to neutral to st1ble the first hour changing to comshy

pletely stable the second hour

C-65

hJ EXAMPLE 110BLEM INPUT FILE

0 z w

II C

C(f)

zc __o_ a

liJ 7 NC C C w fl

J a coo

C

C z

CN 7 rrN

Q bullUHCCO

u - u-gt -~ C lt --- cv

ifI 10 O C 0 0 --CO C

LJ Ii -gt C 0 )- o-- -- 1- - U II

rmiddot Z C 0 cmiddot -C C -0OJrOClt 0 1 0 CC

o= __ l_l lt C C I bull bull

- -- 0 o) 0 I 0 middott ll bull - CO o

J t-)O O C 0

oouu---_ t J bullbullbull

t bullw-ccoc-o ex c-ouu

C 00 D lf 00 r

-Dgt- cooii -- 0 Co-- II U

(bull Cl J--Ln Z _I

r--- 3 0 O C 0 (J 00 0 _ 0 UCO 0 gtlt C c C

o-- C

-0--0-V--Nlf bullNshy bull tfI bull tI t-1 bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ bull -O N c O 00000000 o -D 0r z _ 0 r-- (J- (J (Jo a

t-~t- ----~bull--fl--0- 0-1f-V middot-shy bull-ru bull-tJ bull-- - uI U) -0 a N 0 oc000000ltgtOD

C-66

--------------------u2 EXJMPLE PROBLEM OUTPUT

II N II

ltC r

c-

C

C

C

II 11

r gt C C 0

-

QC

er

0

II gtlt 2

~ C

L 0 Q - 0

C C

Q C

1 C

II

II

C 0 r

)- c

0 C C

v r r II O II

t- z c 0 -~-=-

- J 0 l tr -11 1-C-_O Ogtlt 1--cc lgtO -gt-shy _

C-67

lt 2

L LL lf - x L c C -lti 1- C I - ~ v Ci lti ~ ltt - c _ l --_ X

Z ~ if ltI~ i z

_ _ -- J

bullbull u

_ 1 lt t 1 l J-

laquo

L _ 0

C

laquo 1lt -

C-68

bull bull

---------

bullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull

middotbullbullbull~

bull ltsTUL STAlf flf llfF ~YSTfM bullbull bullbullbull-~~+middot

fPA(T T t S l P fJ n fi I f ~

GRTD r-P 1-1 I Jmiddot

TfFhf A~t q (rlLS Jos Ill~~ T-1f_[TJlN ~11H IJfllA ~ If 75(1iM YftllllC A TIIHl fXTlNT tlF t750 bull (IM

l 1~1gt gtlt[ (ti LS j lHF y LTllf[l fl)N ~tlH ~ ntL TA y nv con~M qEL(JNG h TtTAt FJltT[Jl rt ~ltOn o- THJ ~f M~~ 011S rrr 1r I gtfffllr- A nrll Z llf n (I bull n Y t I rlT 11 A T 1T~ I r X T f I I l bull 7on o]

GP Ill 10 I H1 AT l 1

() I

Q ( b7~nn 4~UOP 7ro n)

0 lbulltbullbullmiddotmiddotbullbull~Ajl~A~AAAI~

bull bull

kbullbullbullbull~A~ diams

bullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbulltbullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

+I bull bullbull

J~~bullbullbull~~middotmiddot~bullbullbullAAA~A+~ttbull~ diams

1)1 o~ 011) +~

bullbull bull- bull -

- ()

c

CL C

(

r r

cshy u -shyC er

C

u lt o~ z

- 0

ex _ f

lt 1

U gtshyc

()

0

C _ C

-shyi

u shyZI () )

I C I I

ltI ltgt I wl CL I

c

w r

u

w r

I 0 0

u C_ I JJ- Z I

I u er I

I 0 ~ I

I - - I I c a U I

C u _ ()

w C w a

C-70

CCC

C _

-- IJJ

~ C lt w 0

a a 4J co

4- gt w gtgtlt C Cl er

QC= L1J

z - l V V

CC C C C c

C cmiddot

u w

~t N

oc - C C

C

X lt lt Cbull C T z z CC 0

~- V CC C W~2 -- co a-

u ltl gt gt -t I lt lt a -- a

l -_

en v a _ _ -z _ c C

lo- bullbullbull -- CC

=-

a w u

l t l w

lI

l

wli6J W ~ za - -o Q 0 = 0 0

lt C

= 0 gtO-gt

_ - - - C N bull bull bull bull bull

C O Co-

n lt(

w I V a I w

I I I w z r

--o-- gt-J

r I JJ () of I J

ltl er I

a ----a-o-11 0 u

z _ 0

0 z

w w

I-

C-71

C C

II

-middot lt gt

i

C

C ~ bull bull laquo bull laquo laquo ~ ~ ~ bull ~ laquo ~ ~ C C ~ = C C C ~ ~ laquocccc---cclaquoc bullCCCCCCCCC-t laquo C bull- bull bull_ -middot ~ C lt- ltmiddot - r 11cccccrccclaquo bull---c __ _u laquoCCC CCCtrt fl_= -c-=-laquo laquo C C C _~ C laquo _ laquoccc ccclaquolt bullccc c-ltcbullgt bull C C C C C C laquo laquoccotcc-middotc~ bull cc- -0( C C

ccci C C C C c C C laquo r

- - CC- C ~ laquo -rc-ccc--=rbullx laquocccoc-c ~ fl ii laquo 1 bull +

-----~~~~~~~n~nnn~~c~=~~=acoo~~==~~~=~shy++++ +- +1- + -++ diams lt1- + I ibull Jbull L J -~ I ~ ~- gt_

I - C) C ( - f r n (J r r - r r T --shy

o cc c - - ~~ca c ~ ~ ~ ~ = ~ ~ ~ J 0 I -C C r ( =- - lt ( X - r a r - c

]

-f

_ c

C C C

c C C

bull C C

-=- -

(Jt-0-~c---~ ~ r- ~ - lt~c~-cn-~~~r-n~r~rc

- tt middot- c r- c--

a J I I I I I I I I bullbull I I t I I I I r _ t cc-_ cc-==

~------~NNN~~~~~~~~~ CCCCCCCltCCC CO - - CC +++-+++bull-+

i Imiddot_ II u -_WII _i_bull L i i _ - 1 1 ubull Ubull l_

C LL C

cc --c-- ~ ~ c

o~~~~o~-~~~~~~~~~~~~ C

u r

ccocc---r--CCta middottc--r- crmN-O~~c~-r~~-~~~~ncNr~~~mo-~~-~T~~~cr~~shy

C C c

c f C f 0 C bull ~~ rJ ~ lJI C i_ - __ f - X C tC CCC CCC CC

C - r J 0 T-- Cl ~_ - -- - - - _ J n rJ J 1J II

r O LL

c u a C lt( Cgt

a - 0-0--ctrlI-

0 - a

O w

J gt i

U U II 11 11 11 II Ii II 11__JJ----

C-72

~ C ~ C C O C C lt r

LfrCCCllCmiddotC C

ltC 1C-CCrllOOC er a uJ llcccccoco-

c rvoooooocicc - N

-ccccooocc

tr0t---DIJlfrllfJ-5 )

11 II II It ll ti N It II II w ) _-- u

C-73

C I

C

C

C

- 0 CC yen C C lt- -9 c

r_ r

I -yen I u- r_ yen

ii ~ Ui I diams h it - ( c cu bull Cc tc bullr c cc Jt fl - c- 0 0- 0- middotshy lt bull tr c X r lf bullgt

-f -c ~ pound j bull f tr bull i

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l ~ -- J l ir lf r- W 1r

laquo r--

r_ (

C bull laquo laquo bull bull laquo laquo ~ ~

bull~- liIJ Jf C middot~bullJr JfJfJbullJ ~ J C -G bull r fbullI) Jbull C)

C C c C -D

laquo II

diams bull

f C t C NclI-CJ

t---

+ Cbull11

c C

~- O

c bull shy~ -pound bull

-

-

I_ J t-

Lr JI

u ti ~=-__ bull lt

O C 1 c gt _ Lr c-r- t r- J r bullI -f ~

~ L

V [ I- - -- bull --c r 0 -r bullI - bull ( J - Ct P- bull( r_ ~OI-_laquo= -icr~

r-Lfbullf

-r ~ ~ bull

r r j JJ v

~ bull laquo bull ~

laquo -bullgtlt lt laquo ~

laquo L-CltLJ_ laquo-laquoLrl(ampfJJLf 3JlttX t J J Ji of ~ r lt -laquo diams ~ laquo

- - -- c -= C C C C C C =- C _ C - C i C C - = C O lt bull~ C C C C llllll-++bull-1- bullbullbull++++ ~~~~~~~~-J~~~----~~-~ ~ j ( C l C C 0- ~ -- ( - -r - _

_ct r- C r J X - I r~ C J _ 3 --~ - middot-- ~ ~ - c- - ~ ~ - r-- ~ - z ~ - ~ ~ E ~ D~c-~c~-2CltY~~~~~==shyt l 0 C t1 t) CC C -- r Lf C --- 0- C - t ~ Lf

t bull bull bull bull bull bull I

--------~---------c=ccec~~~~~cc~~ccco I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t I ~w-~~w~-bull~~w~u~uw~~ X- - =Y _ - - _ c- C - a 7 - X l fJO- -C N f c ~ J c --r I- bullI -j U Igt () r- middotc ctbull 0-0 - -r r f- er CI- rmiddot -o- t-- J rr -o- - Lf 11-xtJifJr--- --rec ~fa c-iD C - - ~bull tl ~ J V - - t - C C - CC CO - D

- - - -- __ - ( ( (_ _ t ~~~if~~~-c~-N~a~if~~~ J J f I I I I I I I I

lt

J

V

gt I I I I I I f I bull I I I I I I I I bull I I

o---~---o=oco~=c~oo~ c~~ccccoccccc~cccccc 4 flflllff-++4 diams +bull-t-flttT

L re )- w

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

- - - ---- - ( -- - -----ccccc~cc~ce~o=ceooo I I I I I I I I I E I I I I I I I I I

gt

IJ

1-J l J ~L LI _I I lamp bullL- ~ LL W LLI ~ U ~ JI lamp i

c~~~~c~~o~c~~a~N-Q~shyc CC -_ -t n t - r-1 c e -e - 1middot c -

gt gt 1 U Wu U _Wu LL U Li u Li 11 Uol w W middot li V- ___-cc(( x1-c~ruo-shy-r- f rJ - C C r X a r - J If ~ C r-- a C(

-shyr 0 - r-1 - - - J J ~ 3 - r f - J Jl N l c~-c-~c--a~~~~-=~~c o tJ v cc c middot o temiddot ~ - lJ tJi -D - o- c- - rv - bullbullbullbull t II bull bullbull f t bull t bull bull 0 I t t o

o-N~~-Or-~--------N~~~ -

C

r- C - Lf) r--- Cmiddot J _ - CJ- r-- fl I -o-- - C - -c J iO- - - 1 I C UIC Cc-o--N~~a~--N-co~com~

EE~~~~~N-~~-N~~S~Q~

_J C J

I I I I I I I I I I

0 u 0 u Cc u w l u ltI ~

N middot-r r pound) _ c 0-u lt

u 0 _ co c-

deg J

V a

C-89

C C

C

II ~

i

C C

-shy

bull

_

c r

I(

(

bull j( - c c r

C I

C

CC

rshy__ r-- c- lt gt

~

-

- _ trbull

-

r

lt

omiddot_ tr

I I I I i I

II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

rmiddot

-

L

I I I I I I I I

u

lt

-7 -middot

bull

J

C

-

_bullbull ~ LImiddot~-

=- -= - - = middot= - -middot C = C middot= C -- I C ~ -

t bullbullbullbullbull

I I I I I

middot ~ --- --= C ( _ C - C

J

r~

c C

I

-middot

I I I I 1 I I j yen

r

t

r

I

r

a

gt

~

--gt-

-

bull

lo L _ _ er

I I

I I

rI

r I I I

I I I I I _ IL I I I I

I I

t lt

_

__

Ct

I 1 I I + J

- f - _ f ( f -- ( -- ---- ) -- r - ~

- - r ~ c- --- --- - ( r _ - - middotr - -- ~ _ - lt __

- 1 -- - (_ -

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I J I

- -_ ( C

bull I I bull-- I - 1- - L L _ U J l L- J I I bullbull 1 ~-

7 -r -middot -middot - - w lt- -middot ~ 0 bullmiddot bull- r - r - - If - C -r- -r

- - f -middot -- -- _ - _Y _ rJ

--1oJ_ - f =~-C -~- _ 1 __ J ~ C - f - - -- -_ - f _

tr 0-

C-90

_

C

C

_

middotr 11 J Lr laquo C C

-~ ~ ~bull-i -l C ~ laquo r

laquo ~ r

f-

-l -

J

v f

bullshyx r

II

bull r

bull ~

bull laquo II bull u

laquo

[

C

bullL

C J

I I I

gt- I I

gt I I --- I t I tr

middotmiddot ~- I gt

I gt- I

I

t ) I -I

C- I _ I Q I Lmiddot _ I - I Cl I II

0 I I ltn I

I~

I I I I

I I I I I Ct

c_

-

J IL

middot- _ - middot- = middot C r - C t t c C ~ -- - - bull middot - -= -- -middot - lt=- - ~ I I I middotI middot+ middot+ bull + bull + + -+ + + + + _ -bull bull_ t i J bull- _ _ bull I L bull~ -middot bullmiddot bull t- ~ t C --- U _ - if - C r-- I J C -_ - r middoti - O r- middotJ middot _ - f J - J

~~---ltKr-~r-l~~c~~~~-- Imiddot - bullf J bull- ~ - r r - _ _ C C - I

- r v ~ f middot i -bull r I-- C - - L ( r _ f I bull bullbull I bull I I I I Ibull f I f I I

~1-lamp-----~~~~~~~~~

C I f t I I I I I I I I I I I I t I I I

lt ( r middot-= C ( cmiddot - r lt r- i- middot bull-bull

+ I I l + bull + + bull + + +- bull +- + -+ + + + 41 lJ JIJ -~ 1 t U _ U l -l bull l 1 Ubull bull~ cn~-ltr~r~-r~r~---~~ C - if -J middotbulln t ~ _ -middot middotJ r C J

_ _ I l t - J f O __ t- middot J r C C - _middotmiddot- bull - tr ~ _ bullmiddot - -- J _ ( C bull-f11f- ~I-- J ~ - J - - J (-

J II -ri

C-91

C

C

II

~ II II ll

laquo II _J II

II II C

V II I

~ II

middotc

II

~

lt II

C

C C bull C C

-4 C laquo rmiddot

-

bull1 II C _ C laquo

C laquo ll C II

II bull C C

C diams i -f

1 11 C ~ _

-= - ltl II C bull gt

ll V It laquo C C o

1-

H

bullcc laquo -~ C

umiddot bull cc-cbull~-- _- --

r II

- II

bullCC --r(CClt ---cmiddot--CS-=-shydiams laquo bull bull bullbull

+c-lt-ccccc-gtlt C cmiddot C ~- bull -ltl

fl bull 41 bull ill (

II II

--i

II II

_-------middotbull - - -1-bull

r i r- --

I i I I

___ __

I I I 1

-------middot----gt C C C

I I I I I I I I

ii II laquo

I I

middot- L l _ J

~ C ~ ~ ~ ~ = r -- Jbull r-- middotmiddot - [ - ( ~ c ~ _ middot rr - I _ - - J C

- r f -

----

~ ~-- ~bull ~ ~

r r f -- 5 - Jmiddot - r

- - ~r-r--

f ~ X f _ middotc ~ l ~ ~- =c ~ ~ ~ - middot C =r C C r- - - -

- _ ~ r a -- c ~ lf X ~- _ C - --= = r ~ -r

II bull I - s = r- f- ~ - -- - ( (1

middot- II II

I ---rrJJf

ltd II

- II __- II l1 _i

II ~ II

_

(I) JI~

~ - I

I

middot I

I

I I I I I t I I I I I t I

= C C _-+ + +

L L t J IJ t_ J 7-~-~i OrLhC --r_ -- - C L r J- _ -- T--t~-=--c 7--shyc-r- ( middot-- middotir -- w (

I ~

- -J

--c -

1 I 1 t r

r r _ _ - _ ( middot ( ~ --(_ - --

Ebull C I C N1 o

VJ I

c

I 6 t I I I I I t I I I bull I I

- - 7 cmiddot C C - - - C -+ I I l I t I I I I I f I I I I

- 1r middotbull _ ~~~~~middot~~~~ - _Jr_~ ~ If~ C- C 0 c - -middot - _ J middot - -~ t _ X if - C - -- _ l~-~=JJCshy -J r i middot J -- ~ v - O - J

I middot- I -- - ~ - - - I _

~ -I

I

) lt

~ I T

U I L _ _ II

C J

r I C -

I I

C-92

C

+

C

II

C C

ltIt bull laquo laquo laquo bull laquo ti laquo - - ( fr I I CClaquo laquo =- C-J I t tJ C C tl ~

bull ~-0 Lf-v- c laquocc J-ir olaquobull~c -c c-cclaquo _ r-- C =- claquo II bull C t 0- - - t C c - -= (bull O middotbull lt - tt C C 41 _ + C I (JClaquolt diams O C bull laquo C C laquo C LI LI C r --- r J ~yenlaquo~ccbullccccc ~bull- iC c~ ~- bull= - tmiddot = ~ C laquo -bull

~ g ~ ~r ~ ~ ~ laquo laquo laquo oil bull 1( bull ~~-~-------~-~~~~~~0 C 0 --cc- CC-middot-=

t r I I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I t I I I I uJ uJ -4J J - w -middot l- __ i J ~ 1bull L middot~ L r 0lt-C ~c~~c--~-~-~~~--c N - II I ~~r~~-zrr~-~-~~~c~~~ r c 1 - I C - t middot- J -C _ ~ C cmiddot - If - - C f _cf_ f I C ( ~ r c ~ c t-- c j - ~ c = - ( ~~c~cr-rr~-~c-~-~~~ I I t ~ =1 ~ I - - t rv- -- middotr t - ~ r

I _ I

I I E I bull t I I C I I t I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

ll I er 1 J pf ~ J tJ nJ J lt-CCC ll I coc-c--cc--cccctmiddotc-cc-ccc I I I I r bull I I t I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

iL ~-Ju ~~~~~~w~~~~~~w~~~~~~0 ~lLffI a 0Ncc-c-~N~N-~r-~~~-shyCl) _( ( i c~~EE~~c-0v~~~~~arr~r r-- -1- lfI ~-~~ro-~~o-~~--~~P Cmiddot co~~~cc~~~c~~~~~-~c~

0- - =t D O~VN~~I~~c-0~-mc-N~1 ~ ~ c-

- t o~-N~-~f-OC~E~~------~ _

~

Q - u J - J

C c u 3 J Q

C-93

Example NZ= 17

Location I= 3 J = 25K= 17

16 Set B = 20 F = 60 E = 50 D = 4015 14 Extra values for needed cells 17 16 13 1013 7 612 11 Choose 20 20 40 55 4010 40 respectively

9 8 7 6

r bullrl

H

B B

F F

E D

~~~ ctj H H OJ w

The input records for this site would be

Location

0 10I I

50 bull I

70 I

80

First record 03 25

Second rtbullcord

00 00 00 00 00 40 40 40 50 55 60 60 40 20 20 20

Third record

20 remainder blank

At least one stability datum must be specified for every

K-level a maximum of 50 stability data sites are allowed

439 Point Source Deck

If IDOCEM = 0 the point source data deck is not required

The first record of the point source deck like the first record

of the wind data deck describes the number of point sources

(stored as NUMEPS) and the hour at which the nRxt point source

data is to be read (stored as NOWEPS) If only one set of point

source data is desired set NOWEPS to a number greater than the

number of hours to be simulated (NUMHRS) The format is the same

as the wind data record ie

IS 15

NUMEPS NOWEPS

If no point sources arc needed for a particular hour set NUMEPS =

0 and omit the following records

For each point source two records are required The

first record contains information on the stack and its operating

conditions The format and the associated variables are as follows

IS IS FSO FSO FSO FSO FS0 FSO

i 1 r i 1 t t t IPS JPS HPS TPS VPS DPS SPS UDH

Stack variable definitions

IPS The I-coordinate of the stack

JPS The J-coordinate of the stack

HPS Stack height in meters (relative to local terrain)

TPS Temperature of the plume in degc VPS The stack volume flow in m3sec

DPS The inside diameter at the top of the stack in meters

SPS The exit plume velocity in meterssec

UDH A specified plume rise parameter

C-SO

------

IDOPLM - 7 Ah= UDHS UDH in rn2sec

If

IDOPLM = 8 ~h = UDH UDH in meters

Ah is the plume rise (meters)

S is the wind speed at the top of the stack msec

If VPS 1s specified DPS and SPS are not required or vise versa

If fDll is specified then TPS VPS DPS and SPS are not required

The second record containr information on the point source

on1issions The input on this record varies with the choice of

JDOCE~I However all data are read into EPST in a 16F50 format 0and arc in units of gramssecond They are specified as follows

IDOCEM - 1 IDOCEM = 3 IDOCEM 6 IDOCEM = 15 EPST (1) tracer trAcer tracer tracer EPST (2) S02 N02 N02 EPST (3) S04 NO NO EPST (4) 03 03 EPST (5) HC (reactive) HCl (olefins)

EPST (6) HN02 HC2 (aronHtics) EPST (7) HC3 (parafins) EPST (8) HC4 (alc1ehydes) EPST (9) N205 EPST (10) HN03 EPST (11) HN02 EPST (12) H02 EPST (13) H202 EPST (14) ROO EPST (15) RCOO

A maximum of 50 point sources may be specified

C-51

~-310 Area Source Deck

If ID0CEM = 0 are1 source deck is not required

The first record of the area source deck defcribes the

number of area sources (stored as NUMASD) and the hour at which

the next area source deck is to be read (storeo as NOWASD) The

format is the same as for the point source data

IS IS

I NUMASD NOWASD

If no area sources are needed for a particular hour set NUtffiSD =

0 and omit the following records If only one set of area source

data is desired for the entire problem set NOWASD gt NUMHRS

For each area source two records are required The

first record contains information on the location of the area

source Each area source is defined as a rectangle whose sides

are an integral number of DX and DY The locations of the lowershy

left corner and the upper-right corner of the area source are reshy

quired to specify the area source The format for this record is

as follows

15 15 15 15

I ILAS IRASt JLAS JRAS

Example

(10 30)

t J

(7 I

31

30 -- -------29 area sou ce

28 I 27 I 6 7 8 9 10

28) I--+

C-52

In this example ILAS - 7 IHAS - 10 JLAS = 28 JHAS = 30

The record would look like this

0 10 20

07 10 28 30

If only one cell is required to specify an area source set ILAS =

IHAS JLAS = JHAS However all data must be entered in this n~shy

cord The second record contains information on the area source

emissions The format of this record is exactly the same as the

point source emissions record (Refer to section 41313 for

further information)

The emissions required for the area source deck are in

grams per second per gric S_ell Thus if the emissions for the

entire area source is~ gsec the emissions per grid cell

r gsecgridcellequal ~ ((HIAS-ILAS + l)middot (JHAS-JLAS + 1))

The variable Eis required as input in this record

A maximum of 50 area sources may be specified

4311 Background Concentration Deck

The background concentration deck allows the user to

specify the spatial distribution of pollutants Those cells not

affected by point or area sources (defined as cellf whose tracer

~oncentrations is less thjn 0001 i1~m3) are assigned concentrashy

tions based on a weighted lr2 interpolation of background conshy

centration values at the particular vertical level Thus the

user must specify the vertical profile for all pollutants at each

site If IDOCEM = 0 the hackground concentration deck is not

required

C-53

The first record of the hi ckground cone en t r1 t ion dee1

describes tbc number of background sites (stored as NUMBCP) and

the hour at which the next background concentration deck is to be

read (stored as NOWBCP) The format is the same for the point

source data

1s NOWBCP

If no background data is needed set NUMRCP and o iit the following

records If only one set of data is needed for the entire problem

set NOWBCP gt NUMHRS If for ex1mplc no data is needed fo-r- the

entire problem (eg if IDOCEM 1 tracer only) set NUMBCP = 0

and NOWBCP NUMHRS + 1

For each backrround concentration data point NZ+ 1

records are required The first record describes the coordinate

location

IS

IS t

IBC JBC

where

IBC is the I-location of the background data

JBC is the J-location of the backRround data

The next NZ records describe the background cortcentrations

of the reactive pollutants for each level starting at K = 1 and

continuing to K = NZ If for example levels K = ~ to K = 6 are

below the surface six blank cards must be inserted to account for

levels K = 1 to K = 6 Every level must be specified The input

on these records varies with the selection of IDOCEM However

all data are read into EBC in a 14F50 format and are in units of

ppm They are specified as follows

C-54

IDOCEM middot- 3 IDOCEM == 6 IDOCEM == 15

EBC (1) S02 N0 2 N02 EBC (2) SOL~ NO NO EBC (3) 03 03

EBC (4) HC (reactive) HCl

EBC (5) HN0 2 IC2

EBC (6) HC3

EBC ( 7)

EBC (8) N205 EBC (9) mw 3 EBC (10) H0 2 EBC (11) HO) EBC (12) H207-EBC (13) ROO

EBC (14) RCOO

EBC (15)

Jf IDOCEM - 3 6 or 15 at least one background concentration data

mi 1st bl~ specified for every K level a rnaxinn1111 of 50 background

concentration data sites may be specified

~312 Global Parameters Data

The global parameter data record specifies spRtially

in-_1niant data required for conversion of emission pjsec to c-r1isshy

~ic111s ppm (the calculation of plume rise and pc1r1rneters needed for

photochemical calculations) If IDOCEM = 0 this record is not

rPq Llired middot Otherwide this record is required each 1our and conshy

cl udes the hour input unit The format of this record is as

follows

Fbull 0 F50 FSO F50 F50

I t t t t TGRND SOLAR PRESR AMBCO AMI-ZO

C-5 5

With the following elobal parameter definitions

TGRND air temperature at the surface 0 c (specify 20deg as a default value)

SOLAR ambient insolation in wattsm2 (needed for photoshychemical simulations)

PRESR ambient atmospheric pressure in millibars (specify 1000 as a default value)

AMBCO ambient carbon monoxide in ppm (required for EPA photochemistry lDOCEM = 15)

AMHZO ambient water vapor concentration in ppm (reshyquired for EPA photochemistry IDOCEM = 15)

C-56

L+ L+ PROGRAM INPUT SUMMARY

Table 6 provides a summary of progrc1m input

C-57

Cgt 0

()l( 0 l(

[ l( l(

(_)U) 0 0 r1n Cl 0

H middoti 1 r D 0 l lJ lI II tJ l(Id

Ii l( I( 1 If [1 Li ll (1 lf lC rJ lJ l( micro tf LJ1 ti gt- H Lfbull-t Ht-middot-) t--i I- 4 0 ~ middot1 ~ I L( HI--[( f---~ 1-1 J t ra t- l (l N fJ I (J (I -i l J CJ rl (J r ---i J (Jr i II

~r microJ

~sr

u11 II tJ H t-()

-f I (J [-

~ t

rt [l t ~ bull r

t 1 n j ---E-lt 1l cl ltct() lt U) middot-J LbulllI l ( ) ~ (i (d Ei (L- 1 ~11 r_

II II (11 H n c Cl middot- r ~~ - Lil ( gt l bull rr l ~ ~ l1jH lL 1- cmiddot

fl] () n r rr_ E bull -t-f-bull 1-gt lrl bull( f bull ( uI t)

()() (1 )r- gt 1J

r Cl [1middot(poundmiddotbull I 1 n

gt- tl l bull middot1 0 ~

i_)middot) [ ltp U) II ~--l Id i -I 1 f rlU rmiddot- r

0 lLl [11 fl V) J middotl

-1 C) 11

(_)

r ~n0 i-~ II ~- gt 1)

[ fil fj

cl o n bullC)II tmiddot-gt- (1 t l CJ () ld f I J __ro rd 1-1

() r t l0 J ( middotf n o t_) hl C) lt_) VJ middotmiddotX r (J U) () C~ I- I o rr 1 + bull( Lrl lt( t -i ( rmiddot 11 ~ bull t bull ~Ul V) ITfrW (_ l bull 1 ~ bull ~i l i vJ middot r bullrnn 1 n l n C) 0

4- () f- -I H r l (J fr) r~ (J ( (l [ ) (1 (bull) Ci)

0 C) (-1 i V) Ct N bull[) (() rl C II II 11 --~ l Lil Cl1 f) 1-middotl I-lt co

() lto ~1~ c J n I

[-J n =- ~ Ci gt-~ ~- (J --iumiddoti

gtmiddot C1gt1- - r1i I- bull

bull-l o bl gtbl(~ - 11 er (_) ~-) gt middot ~ ~ ) r1 ~ - U) bull 0 [) () - ) ~ () u ri --i [cl~

() CJ er~ (J [~Cl~ 01 n (il (1

(_) gt-- 1-l ii c [J

lt ~ II middot ~ X UJ -z t middotIp_ J 0 () Li 0 S [) --i 0 ~J r-1 P-lt gt - er (-lt [) 11 ti) t- II u ~3

- rn i n bull( lol cbull (-J] ~er IT 10-

ld Id ll lt z C T () CJ p - ( ~ ~lt J~ -I C)

r l CJ r i r-1 1--IO C) _ ~ 0 0 0 () - 6 ~-1 bull( 1 -1 middot C) ) -~ () Ormiddot-z L- =~ cr- z

__ E-~ [-lt ~ H0 II II II II II - l~ c 7- C) =----= UJ -~ n bull __ i-- ___ ~ro ~shyE-bullH Cl_ bull t 1 F ~ er - J 1 ~ (l U) -middotJ Q o ~-~ (l) ~ tJ~ ~j H ltr i--l J gtmiddot ) I s vl n c f (J bullE-lt u u () ~ - - u n o 0 (1 () bulll LI) t ) rd fbullJ C [cl ---() lt (J [) m ~rn

0000 0 () () (J - cJ - middotbull-l ~ en fl bull a ltmiddotcgt === u [t FioD middot) () ) Cl(L] i microJ ) co_ CJ rJnnnci on nn(tj f t -bull I-~ I-middot~ r I rbull1 f -1 1 -middot ) t-l I bull H _ 7- 1--1 _ i-~ __E-

U)

tJ n [J (J E- ~1~ z w

(rl [d 0 ~ D 0

u w H lt 0 n u OE~ cr E-bull er gtlt =-~ n Zlt ltC

E-lt 0 rr n - fmiddotbull E--lt (J H () 0 OE--lt

H -- H C)u 0 i [) crz bulli ll microJ n ~-- micro - ltC H Cl H lmiddot-lt E~ n [1 Q C(J z lt )U en

(-lt n _- n n z lt( H 0

b cw lt

w uz 0 ~ ( er

(- -~ olS f-1 [) [) H middot0 rd H lt 0 ltO _

lt P-lt ltC CI) u 0

C-58

5 CAVEATS

This section provides some helpfu1 points on assernbJj_np

the data and interpreting the output

C-59

--

S 1 STEILTTY ASSIGNMT~Tf

Since the stability profile (stored in STAB) alters the

computed wind field it is import to 1ssign the su1bi1 middoti ty layer 1)y

layer such that the intended profile is effected The point to

remember is that the stability of a given layer is assigned to

the top interface of that layer For example if it is desired

to simulate an atmosphere with the third layer stable and all the

other layers unstable the fol lowinr ass ignrnen t must f)e fo 1 J owed

physic3lly assignment

A A ~-

A A --- --middot---

-- A A middot-

A A --

A A

E E

E~+1 A

thus STd3 ( 2) 5

and STAB (3) 5

C-60

52 GRID SIZE

If IMPACT is used to evaluate the effects on air quality

due to point sources the grid size (DX DY) should be equal to or less than the plume width at the surface concentration maximum

If DX or DY is too large the maximum surface concentration will

be smoothed and lower concentration values will be predicted

Typical zone sizes are from 500 to 1000 meters for DX DY and

25 to 100 meters for DZ

C-61

5 3 NUMBER OF SPECIFIED wum SITES

If an excessive number of wind sites are used the asshy

signment of high confidence levels to each site will result in

an unrealistic wind field if the data is not compatable A rule

of thumb for determining the maximum number of ~igh confidence

level wind sites is N = (NXmiddotNY) divided by 40~40 If the

number of wind sites exceeds N reduce the confidence values

assigned to the winct data

C-62

5 4 MYRUP RlNZIERI DIFFUSIVITY MODEL

When using the MyrupRanzieri Model (IDODIF = l) the

user should take care that an inversion base and top are defined

everywhere in the grid That is the stability values go from

less than 45 at the surface to greater than 4J and then to less

than 45 again Otherwise the model may calculate large vertical

diffusivities (limited to 1000 m2 sec) even under stable conditions

when DZmiddotNZ is greater than 500 to 1000 meters The advection

diffusion time step will be limited in these circumstances to 2approximately At= 00008 (DZ) if DZ is equal to 100 meters

then At equal 8 seconds A time step of 8 seconds requires 450

advectiondiffusion cycles per hour which will result in long

run times for multiple-species multiple-hour simulations

C-63

5 5 LOCATION OF PODlT A1D REA SOURCES

Due to the boundary conditions specified for the second

order advectiondiffusion algorithm placing point or area sources

in cells at the edge of the cornputationnJ domain will result in an

over predictibn of pollutant concentrations The user should take

care that all point and area sources are at least one cell removed

from the boundary

i---------r-middot------ -r------r--~ f ) I i 1 bull kbull -+----- -+----i--middotmiddot- middotmiddot--middot~middot-middot middotbull---i

----~+__ i -+-~--Avoid placing I i

sources in the ___________ -----~--l shaded cells _J

i l t L J j L bull l j

i I

C-64

6 0 EXAMPLE PR OBJ EM

A simplified exemplnry problem designed to demonstrate

several of the features and options avnilable in the IMPACT code

is described below Section 61 illustrates the input file and

section 62 is the program output

The problem illustrated below is a grid of dimensions

NX =NY= 9 NZ= 7 DX= 750 DY= 500 DZ= 100 The shaded

area indicates the non-zero terrain (height= 1000 feet) Five

surface roughness data are specified (Z 0 ) although they arc not

required since IDODIF = 3 (DEPICT diffusivity)

9

8

7

t 6 J 5

4

3

z z

2

1 ~_________________z__

s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I~

The problem is to be run for 2 hours with wind and stabilitybull

data specified (wind at w stability at s) each hour Sulfate chem-

istry is selected (IDOCEM = 3) and there is sirnulati~n of both a

point source P with a user-specified 6h and emission equal to

10 gsec tracer 500 gsec S02 and no SO~ and an area source

indicated by the cross hatched area with emissions per grid cell

equal to 2 gsec tracer and 270 gsec S02 Background concentrashy

tions (B) are set to 00 for all levels and all species The wind

direction remains constant at 270deg for both hours while the wind

speed changes from 30 msec to J 5 msec The stability profile

is unstable to neutral to st1ble the first hour changing to comshy

pletely stable the second hour

C-65

hJ EXAMPLE 110BLEM INPUT FILE

0 z w

II C

C(f)

zc __o_ a

liJ 7 NC C C w fl

J a coo

C

C z

CN 7 rrN

Q bullUHCCO

u - u-gt -~ C lt --- cv

ifI 10 O C 0 0 --CO C

LJ Ii -gt C 0 )- o-- -- 1- - U II

rmiddot Z C 0 cmiddot -C C -0OJrOClt 0 1 0 CC

o= __ l_l lt C C I bull bull

- -- 0 o) 0 I 0 middott ll bull - CO o

J t-)O O C 0

oouu---_ t J bullbullbull

t bullw-ccoc-o ex c-ouu

C 00 D lf 00 r

-Dgt- cooii -- 0 Co-- II U

(bull Cl J--Ln Z _I

r--- 3 0 O C 0 (J 00 0 _ 0 UCO 0 gtlt C c C

o-- C

-0--0-V--Nlf bullNshy bull tfI bull tI t-1 bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ bull -O N c O 00000000 o -D 0r z _ 0 r-- (J- (J (Jo a

t-~t- ----~bull--fl--0- 0-1f-V middot-shy bull-ru bull-tJ bull-- - uI U) -0 a N 0 oc000000ltgtOD

C-66

--------------------u2 EXJMPLE PROBLEM OUTPUT

II N II

ltC r

c-

C

C

C

II 11

r gt C C 0

-

QC

er

0

II gtlt 2

~ C

L 0 Q - 0

C C

Q C

1 C

II

II

C 0 r

)- c

0 C C

v r r II O II

t- z c 0 -~-=-

- J 0 l tr -11 1-C-_O Ogtlt 1--cc lgtO -gt-shy _

C-67

lt 2

L LL lf - x L c C -lti 1- C I - ~ v Ci lti ~ ltt - c _ l --_ X

Z ~ if ltI~ i z

_ _ -- J

bullbull u

_ 1 lt t 1 l J-

laquo

L _ 0

C

laquo 1lt -

C-68

bull bull

---------

bullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull

middotbullbullbull~

bull ltsTUL STAlf flf llfF ~YSTfM bullbull bullbullbull-~~+middot

fPA(T T t S l P fJ n fi I f ~

GRTD r-P 1-1 I Jmiddot

TfFhf A~t q (rlLS Jos Ill~~ T-1f_[TJlN ~11H IJfllA ~ If 75(1iM YftllllC A TIIHl fXTlNT tlF t750 bull (IM

l 1~1gt gtlt[ (ti LS j lHF y LTllf[l fl)N ~tlH ~ ntL TA y nv con~M qEL(JNG h TtTAt FJltT[Jl rt ~ltOn o- THJ ~f M~~ 011S rrr 1r I gtfffllr- A nrll Z llf n (I bull n Y t I rlT 11 A T 1T~ I r X T f I I l bull 7on o]

GP Ill 10 I H1 AT l 1

() I

Q ( b7~nn 4~UOP 7ro n)

0 lbulltbullbullmiddotmiddotbullbull~Ajl~A~AAAI~

bull bull

kbullbullbullbull~A~ diams

bullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbulltbullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

+I bull bullbull

J~~bullbullbull~~middotmiddot~bullbullbullAAA~A+~ttbull~ diams

1)1 o~ 011) +~

bullbull bull- bull -

- ()

c

CL C

(

r r

cshy u -shyC er

C

u lt o~ z

- 0

ex _ f

lt 1

U gtshyc

()

0

C _ C

-shyi

u shyZI () )

I C I I

ltI ltgt I wl CL I

c

w r

u

w r

I 0 0

u C_ I JJ- Z I

I u er I

I 0 ~ I

I - - I I c a U I

C u _ ()

w C w a

C-70

CCC

C _

-- IJJ

~ C lt w 0

a a 4J co

4- gt w gtgtlt C Cl er

QC= L1J

z - l V V

CC C C C c

C cmiddot

u w

~t N

oc - C C

C

X lt lt Cbull C T z z CC 0

~- V CC C W~2 -- co a-

u ltl gt gt -t I lt lt a -- a

l -_

en v a _ _ -z _ c C

lo- bullbullbull -- CC

=-

a w u

l t l w

lI

l

wli6J W ~ za - -o Q 0 = 0 0

lt C

= 0 gtO-gt

_ - - - C N bull bull bull bull bull

C O Co-

n lt(

w I V a I w

I I I w z r

--o-- gt-J

r I JJ () of I J

ltl er I

a ----a-o-11 0 u

z _ 0

0 z

w w

I-

C-71

C C

II

-middot lt gt

i

C

C ~ bull bull laquo bull laquo laquo ~ ~ ~ bull ~ laquo ~ ~ C C ~ = C C C ~ ~ laquocccc---cclaquoc bullCCCCCCCCC-t laquo C bull- bull bull_ -middot ~ C lt- ltmiddot - r 11cccccrccclaquo bull---c __ _u laquoCCC CCCtrt fl_= -c-=-laquo laquo C C C _~ C laquo _ laquoccc ccclaquolt bullccc c-ltcbullgt bull C C C C C C laquo laquoccotcc-middotc~ bull cc- -0( C C

ccci C C C C c C C laquo r

- - CC- C ~ laquo -rc-ccc--=rbullx laquocccoc-c ~ fl ii laquo 1 bull +

-----~~~~~~~n~nnn~~c~=~~=acoo~~==~~~=~shy++++ +- +1- + -++ diams lt1- + I ibull Jbull L J -~ I ~ ~- gt_

I - C) C ( - f r n (J r r - r r T --shy

o cc c - - ~~ca c ~ ~ ~ ~ = ~ ~ ~ J 0 I -C C r ( =- - lt ( X - r a r - c

]

-f

_ c

C C C

c C C

bull C C

-=- -

(Jt-0-~c---~ ~ r- ~ - lt~c~-cn-~~~r-n~r~rc

- tt middot- c r- c--

a J I I I I I I I I bullbull I I t I I I I r _ t cc-_ cc-==

~------~NNN~~~~~~~~~ CCCCCCCltCCC CO - - CC +++-+++bull-+

i Imiddot_ II u -_WII _i_bull L i i _ - 1 1 ubull Ubull l_

C LL C

cc --c-- ~ ~ c

o~~~~o~-~~~~~~~~~~~~ C

u r

ccocc---r--CCta middottc--r- crmN-O~~c~-r~~-~~~~ncNr~~~mo-~~-~T~~~cr~~shy

C C c

c f C f 0 C bull ~~ rJ ~ lJI C i_ - __ f - X C tC CCC CCC CC

C - r J 0 T-- Cl ~_ - -- - - - _ J n rJ J 1J II

r O LL

c u a C lt( Cgt

a - 0-0--ctrlI-

0 - a

O w

J gt i

U U II 11 11 11 II Ii II 11__JJ----

C-72

~ C ~ C C O C C lt r

LfrCCCllCmiddotC C

ltC 1C-CCrllOOC er a uJ llcccccoco-

c rvoooooocicc - N

-ccccooocc

tr0t---DIJlfrllfJ-5 )

11 II II It ll ti N It II II w ) _-- u

C-73

C I

C

C

C

- 0 CC yen C C lt- -9 c

r_ r

I -yen I u- r_ yen

ii ~ Ui I diams h it - ( c cu bull Cc tc bullr c cc Jt fl - c- 0 0- 0- middotshy lt bull tr c X r lf bullgt

-f -c ~ pound j bull f tr bull i

-tt-middotbull - er bull I - ~

laquo ( r

- - - -middot - -middot - - - - - - - - - -- _ -middot ~ C -cltcmiddotc_-~c

I I I I I t I I I i I I I I I I 1 I +

-i I u J ] J LI 1- J _ _ middot _ - - _ -

lt r imiddot - _ i- r ~- c lt cmiddot - -- - c - ~

- lt c cmiddot o ltmiddot ~ -- - --_middot lt -_- ~ -- - - - ~ -=-c~CCO -cc -cmiddotc-shymiddotf f =- r c 1 0 u ~r -- r - _ -

-middot I- I C rr C I I-- - C C J C middot ~ rbull I -C - U I J r f ~ I -

I - I c I _ I J

I - 1middot I i I I I I I I I J I I I f I I I I I I

- Ir ) iJ

_- I _ I cc-ccc-cc=c-c -cr- I I I 1 I I t I I ~ l I I I I I I t I I I I I -y I

I Jbull L _ I 1 bull 1 1 __ _ _ 1 _ v 1 Ia u I I

bull I =- t C = lt 7 C - bull C bull (bull lt C 0 C _ C I v- _ I C - (middot - C r r C C C _- C r-_ C ( - C lt 1middot C lt -~ I middot= c Cmiddot ~ - - = -r - r i _ J cmiddot I ~ I C f _middot J C- J [ f ( If middotmiddot f = f C J _ C

) I r - r J _ - C cf 0- 1 -- -middot f - I

CO I II I

- I

C I I - I I I - - -~ I tJ rll II bullJ -

Clt I UIO I I L I r - I

U I u -- I l I 0- I I - I

Clt I er I I U II II 11 11 11 II 11 11 11~

u I - ) ~ 1 ) -gt ~ ) - -

gt bull rr bullbull bull z bull _ _ bull V) bull laquo

z - l bull

-

bullf

C

-_ middot - --~ _

V

L

lt

r middot [ _

lt - r - I ( - J c-

- bullr

_ middot

C-75

r

-

1

bull bull

bull laquo

V

T C

-

er

J

V

-- lC

r

CL C

Le C

-

~ C 7 Cbull

laquo w

z LL C Cle

~ u laquo Q

gt ltI laquo laquo laquo

bull laquobulllaquobull laquo

laquo

laquo

7

C r

J C

X u lt(

CC- C

CC-

V) - 0 r J

-w

r

z -

l -

JN

z -

C

z

z

L

u ltXl

t

-_ c C = -- - ltf - C r_

CCC C CC

-iccc_cc C-

ltGCCCCCC

z -

lt i - l i J ~ J ~ - ~ a

- =-middot + - + ~ J w C _- C 0

Q C- C C C 0 lt( c=cc0 0 - C C c lt

-gt oc o-=

0 _J 11 11 11 U It l 0 w V

- ~ w i I-- (t Ct

lt - ) tr ~ (l ~

~ltV) VJ J I O - u J -d I l r ~- CC f l1 U D U f C I_ Z

-11 -w--~ I O UZ Z

2 i -1 u ~ 11--0 J er tr ashy~ i 1 i ~v- ltt q

C-76

I

_

gt C

bull C I I - II _

l -L -

+ bull

II

JJ

V II J bull -

Cmiddot = - bull I _shy

Ibull x 1

l r II

0- C 11 middot-bullbull lt C

r C

C _Jc II

- + J1-L gt bull-1---

~ G ~ --

bull C C r- I

LL C If

t IIlaquo~__-t

(1 + bull - r C fl

lt u lu Urbull

C

c

I

_ r- C a V c cmiddot cbull + + +

~ I W i_ ~~1 I

ui -l IO gt-middot -U r---

Ct --

o C C C

- _J ~ f lt r -l- bull w

V

r C

z I

~ middot ~ 1 J bull ~

u I II

gtlt I I _J

Le I bull~

tf

~

--_middot)

II

i

l

~ I j_jLl Ct - I CtmiddotC i ct I J

I f U _ ) I=gt 7-

shy u omiddot

gt 0

J r - i Igtlt X - I-~ Ll - C- I _ L IX J er 1) C C t I 1 C ~ Li

o J h bull

lt i_

Ll Ilt w I~

I l Un c I Z I

I

-0

2 -= J J 0

shy

al I Jr I 0 n

C-77

SURFACF PLnr OF IJ Vf1_0CyiY____ ______ __ C[1 cf n U9 I f Vr L ~

PLOT (HAP TltT[iVAL

n nooon0Fbullno - l7[bullJSbullj

JJ4JltJF-Oj - l21F-11 3ug_3l=-n1 - ~ ~ 1- i- - ~

5 bull I IJ S F - 0 l - h A~gt~ l ~i_ r 1 2 h bull gt- h 7 c - 1) l - 11 gt 1 oltJ le -

gtllt7ol3E-1 - 1 bull n 2 fllt 1middot + n n 3 t oct1S1+f)O - l I qQ93f + 1 (

1 rqg1-_+00 - t~~i-bullv 4 t3713~+01) - l bull S 1J 2 7 l t ~

14(7H+n0 - I bull 7 t 1J I u f +-1 C 5 I bull l I lC + 0 0 - 11likle bull0bull1

llH1[F 00 - c0ltJl)l bull00 b 2nSlnF+0) - bull fl jll [ bull ~ 0

2 i 1 tl IJI t middot) - t ~l9fh +( 0 7 bull S-i1 -~ + ( U - bull t T I Hi_ -+ ~ 1

lHF+Ol - bull 7 J f +- shy

I z 74270 qo - bull I) I IJ t t + J 2 bull q l ltl 1 F + 0 11 - 3H5-1lt hllt

q 3-uHSuE n1 - 3)thncr ~rr

$2-ln45F_l1 - ~1H~- rri() I

--J OJ

SURFACF PLC flF V VELbulll~ll

(IJll1l IJVLLS

PLOT CHA9 1 1 [ lt J Al

0 -~ll[t77f-~I - -1-1 ~SoQf bullr I -6 13gtngtF-11 -s J ~ 1 1~ - bull) 1

I - bull I - 31 ~ ~ - 1 1 - bull 7 71 I bull r 1 -u717bull-~1 - t1 ntJ0 0sr -r

2 - u bull O1 u SF - r1 l - 11OP middot 7 t - 1) l -34~c1f-~1 - -27z1oh~F-11

3 - 2 bull 1 h F - 1 l - -nolt01F-1 - z 0 ltl F - I) - -1h3r-r1

Q -1 333-11 -k A 1~t~ -r -6tlgt2F-n bull gto()t~~i=-h

5 21101lt1zE-01gt - 1gtll17oPl-o u111 lnbullf-02 - 11middotqof-01

I l36YQ~middot-n1 - 2 0 0 lt I) H - l I 204gtn7-11 - 27gtn75f-nt

7 272b7F-)I - LJolltIIE-01 3401i3[-01 - O 0ltl0 I If - I

I lt1oqo11i-01 - U7771fbull0 471179-01 - 50107pound-01

q 5 bull 4 i 3 Q 7 F - l I - gtbullI 3c 1 lt[ bull11 I

Jlil1t-11tct-fbull-l1ti111t--

lt bull h~QC) 77 ooor7

bull flbull 77 0 nn 77 l~t10 r 7 7 bull RPQQ JIO middot~bullAtA~-~ttibullt~j v AX Imiddot V ~ L F I bull 1 II -r 7 F diams 0 C ~middot r 1-J r bullr i Ai_ I 1t ~ () 11 1 fl I (I- middotj bull

~~ ~bull~bulltbull bullltltltlt~ bull lti ltlt

5S)Ch(CC J Ii

- rlc

bull i lt - lt gt 4 ~ 1111 5i ltClti

LI 0 0 lt)tlltl)C-lt

bull lt-iS ltltltlt bull scsijcc) bull ~ i cltc bullltlt

bull-tbulli11bullw11Jr+ ~ bullbull 1~t111

~Xlllll_VAltgtf 1lltnHgtF-01 middot 1 ( r ~ t 1~ v A - bull c =- n A 1 1 r - (1 1

C C

C C

J

shy i

C

+ u Le C C

~ + laquo laquo ~ laquo ~ ~ bull -k ~ C laquo C C ( C C C C C -k C _ C - C C C yen C fl( C C C lt- C C ( ( o1ot

+cc-cr--c __ -cc-cccc~middotcc fl CO 1middot C C _CC C C C C- 4ic ~ bull cmiddot CCC_ -1 CC c ( c cmiddot bull c~ =middot - Cc C tmiddot ltI

~ C C r -- ( C gt C c C ( 1(CClt CCCC rcc~ ccc

bull laquo laquo bull

tc O J C 0

CCC

( -C r r C Cmiddot J J I J r v L r L

-L-=-

-fl

fl f( J

bull laquo II bull J bullmiddot lt bullbullgt

~-- C C bull- C c_ C C bull__gt-cmiddot--~c-c

41

r- 0 - 0-

C C C CC C- bull 7 C C

+ laquo C ~

C _- C -ti laquo

-1 ~ l

laquo bull

C laquo

O bull laquo

-= C - +

C lt

C r C c r r C 7 C C - C - _ middot + + +-++-+t-++

-

~ C - C- - _ - - - _ -middot - - - - -c --_ r_ middot 1 C _-- - C Cmiddot o C +++++ diams~ -t++-+++

- - -bull-w-~-~~~-~-~-w~~ r I -X - J ( ~ - l -L C 0 _ CC

C - c- - - - ~ Jbull Cu 1shy ~r =- r - t C _I r_ - - ~~ _bull

- ~ r C lfmiddot (

-- r--

t J C t-- a

~ cmiddot rmiddot -L- C r - t C ~ C

-~~~~~--r-~~cc~~~~~ poundA~~c~~c~~~~~cooc-shyc--~-=~~~nN~poundS~N~~o ~pound~C~~~c~~~VpoundKOC-N

(lJ n gt -

I I I t I f t I 8 I I I I I I I I I t r gt I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t I r

C C +

C C C + T

C -

C C ltbull ( -tbull

C ~ C + ~

c 4 +

C - C rmiddot + +

C ~

-4-

diams

r +

lt

-+

-C diams

- ~ C C-+ _

JJ C C - C - - -middot ccC(Clt ltccc-ccccc-= +++bullbull++++bull++bull+ + +

i ~ LL -i -Lbull U lL l_ LI LI J 1 i _middot J middot U J I o c -- c =1 r- c middot gt o cmiddot cmiddot middot- -- -= ccrcccc r_-_c-l ~c- --0 ( = 0 -- C) _ gt - 0 _ _ r_ ~ - - -

C f C f C r C l f C U ~ Jbull ~ C If ro--~N~~~7~~~~~~~~~

C

l

gt w J

U _ i ~ LI II i LL LU~ IIbull U I __ WU C C bull 0- IJmiddot 1 0 - C C = - If ( ~ f C - t C CX ~ - ~ f - r-- l C ( r- ~ 0 o~~~~D-O~D~-r~~oshyc~--N~~~=occN~poundKCN~~ o~pound~cN~Go~~~r~~ooshy

I I C z

bull bull bull bull bull I bull bull bull~-N~~~~o--------NN

j

I c J a _ shy

JC r I - u

u I

ltC 0 C

I

C -

C -

V) a Q

C-79

~ 0 L ) c r- - ~ - - 7 -C t--- C

- r- C C f (-- _ C J J r- - f ~

--- f IJmiddot r- _ r-- j

- rr 0 ~ ~

lt _ -_ C C (

-middot L J -I ----r-c

_ C V _ t-r -bullbull -- - J - lt 7

middot i --middot r C r r- -- rr -- middot (

- r- -

lf f -J c

c-r---r- - -f --

- I deg pound i Cf_bull~ C-LflcC c--_-- - l

i I I I I I I I I l I I I I I I f I

I ~ I C J I I_ C - C C middot~

I 2 + -I + + -+ + C I- u i L l_ u li -- J i u II LI J u _ _j

)

~

I ~bull _ bully

C - ltJ C c- C C lt -middot C ( cc--__ cv Jrr--for--r1__ __ ~shyc _ C - - - r _ t ~- rJ gt - C - Cf- C middot _

- r- r f (_ ( 7J r

f f r r - r- - - 1 f ~ -c 0-

~- J --t lt middot1

~middot r-- middot-J pound i - Iibull

I ~ I

I ~-

u r u u lt( r-- I (J u er c J J 0 0

C-80

~

Cfi~C~~T~l1 A7 trbullr- Y t l i I fJ S ~FT t_ ~ S f 1 1 ~ i 1r S 1 middotmiddotmiddot I T

=-----=-----==-~=~=~=~~===~=~========-~========----------

SURFACE PLflT UF TRACf llGh3

--------------------------------CJgtlTllJR LEVEiS

PLOT CHAR il~lvAL

-~~~middotmiddot~middot~bull~ 0 oun900Fbull00 1 lt~Ai2f +bullJ() bull tgt 0v nun 0 n 00 onon bullJ 1 nbull

1s1111r2Eoo - bull 1 ]l)IJ(+)~ bull000oonnnon0nonononbull 3171in11E+no - 11 701JoiE+10 01001111 ci7b405f+00 - 13ltgt07F+bulldeg On I 1 11 bull

2 h3517F tn - 791J1nOf-+)) OOQQlt I 3 bull 7 ~ (J ~l ( Cj f i ) l) - 9 ltgtAi IE bull on I I 1 1 bull

q bull ~2M l t F-1 n - l bull 1 l 1 1 t + l 1 bullon11 1 l t i111fqF+n( - 17041Etn1 O ~ltbull or n on0 on O() n n n nnbull

II

c

1 2 7 0 11 l + I I 1112lt122r+o1 1AlnzF+n I

---

I lZf +J 1 t ~HP r2E 1 17bull1lfbull1l

bullononnnnonp00nnon~bull bullmiddotbull~bullmiddot~~j bullA v r 11 ~ v 1_ l F = bull 1 7 t n-~ r -t- I 1 1 l L 11 =- 1 (bull=Ibull ll diams l

t7~tPFbullnl - 1 90-1c bull I 190gt02~bull~1 - 2 ()h 11 -t -I

2 0 6 _J 2 + 0 ~ bull 2223f +l 1

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C-93

439 Point Source Deck

If IDOCEM = 0 the point source data deck is not required

The first record of the point source deck like the first record

of the wind data deck describes the number of point sources

(stored as NUMEPS) and the hour at which the nRxt point source

data is to be read (stored as NOWEPS) If only one set of point

source data is desired set NOWEPS to a number greater than the

number of hours to be simulated (NUMHRS) The format is the same

as the wind data record ie

IS 15

NUMEPS NOWEPS

If no point sources arc needed for a particular hour set NUMEPS =

0 and omit the following records

For each point source two records are required The

first record contains information on the stack and its operating

conditions The format and the associated variables are as follows

IS IS FSO FSO FSO FSO FS0 FSO

i 1 r i 1 t t t IPS JPS HPS TPS VPS DPS SPS UDH

Stack variable definitions

IPS The I-coordinate of the stack

JPS The J-coordinate of the stack

HPS Stack height in meters (relative to local terrain)

TPS Temperature of the plume in degc VPS The stack volume flow in m3sec

DPS The inside diameter at the top of the stack in meters

SPS The exit plume velocity in meterssec

UDH A specified plume rise parameter

C-SO

------

IDOPLM - 7 Ah= UDHS UDH in rn2sec

If

IDOPLM = 8 ~h = UDH UDH in meters

Ah is the plume rise (meters)

S is the wind speed at the top of the stack msec

If VPS 1s specified DPS and SPS are not required or vise versa

If fDll is specified then TPS VPS DPS and SPS are not required

The second record containr information on the point source

on1issions The input on this record varies with the choice of

JDOCE~I However all data are read into EPST in a 16F50 format 0and arc in units of gramssecond They are specified as follows

IDOCEM - 1 IDOCEM = 3 IDOCEM 6 IDOCEM = 15 EPST (1) tracer trAcer tracer tracer EPST (2) S02 N02 N02 EPST (3) S04 NO NO EPST (4) 03 03 EPST (5) HC (reactive) HCl (olefins)

EPST (6) HN02 HC2 (aronHtics) EPST (7) HC3 (parafins) EPST (8) HC4 (alc1ehydes) EPST (9) N205 EPST (10) HN03 EPST (11) HN02 EPST (12) H02 EPST (13) H202 EPST (14) ROO EPST (15) RCOO

A maximum of 50 point sources may be specified

C-51

~-310 Area Source Deck

If ID0CEM = 0 are1 source deck is not required

The first record of the area source deck defcribes the

number of area sources (stored as NUMASD) and the hour at which

the next area source deck is to be read (storeo as NOWASD) The

format is the same as for the point source data

IS IS

I NUMASD NOWASD

If no area sources are needed for a particular hour set NUtffiSD =

0 and omit the following records If only one set of area source

data is desired for the entire problem set NOWASD gt NUMHRS

For each area source two records are required The

first record contains information on the location of the area

source Each area source is defined as a rectangle whose sides

are an integral number of DX and DY The locations of the lowershy

left corner and the upper-right corner of the area source are reshy

quired to specify the area source The format for this record is

as follows

15 15 15 15

I ILAS IRASt JLAS JRAS

Example

(10 30)

t J

(7 I

31

30 -- -------29 area sou ce

28 I 27 I 6 7 8 9 10

28) I--+

C-52

In this example ILAS - 7 IHAS - 10 JLAS = 28 JHAS = 30

The record would look like this

0 10 20

07 10 28 30

If only one cell is required to specify an area source set ILAS =

IHAS JLAS = JHAS However all data must be entered in this n~shy

cord The second record contains information on the area source

emissions The format of this record is exactly the same as the

point source emissions record (Refer to section 41313 for

further information)

The emissions required for the area source deck are in

grams per second per gric S_ell Thus if the emissions for the

entire area source is~ gsec the emissions per grid cell

r gsecgridcellequal ~ ((HIAS-ILAS + l)middot (JHAS-JLAS + 1))

The variable Eis required as input in this record

A maximum of 50 area sources may be specified

4311 Background Concentration Deck

The background concentration deck allows the user to

specify the spatial distribution of pollutants Those cells not

affected by point or area sources (defined as cellf whose tracer

~oncentrations is less thjn 0001 i1~m3) are assigned concentrashy

tions based on a weighted lr2 interpolation of background conshy

centration values at the particular vertical level Thus the

user must specify the vertical profile for all pollutants at each

site If IDOCEM = 0 the hackground concentration deck is not

required

C-53

The first record of the hi ckground cone en t r1 t ion dee1

describes tbc number of background sites (stored as NUMBCP) and

the hour at which the next background concentration deck is to be

read (stored as NOWBCP) The format is the same for the point

source data

1s NOWBCP

If no background data is needed set NUMRCP and o iit the following

records If only one set of data is needed for the entire problem

set NOWBCP gt NUMHRS If for ex1mplc no data is needed fo-r- the

entire problem (eg if IDOCEM 1 tracer only) set NUMBCP = 0

and NOWBCP NUMHRS + 1

For each backrround concentration data point NZ+ 1

records are required The first record describes the coordinate

location

IS

IS t

IBC JBC

where

IBC is the I-location of the background data

JBC is the J-location of the backRround data

The next NZ records describe the background cortcentrations

of the reactive pollutants for each level starting at K = 1 and

continuing to K = NZ If for example levels K = ~ to K = 6 are

below the surface six blank cards must be inserted to account for

levels K = 1 to K = 6 Every level must be specified The input

on these records varies with the selection of IDOCEM However

all data are read into EBC in a 14F50 format and are in units of

ppm They are specified as follows

C-54

IDOCEM middot- 3 IDOCEM == 6 IDOCEM == 15

EBC (1) S02 N0 2 N02 EBC (2) SOL~ NO NO EBC (3) 03 03

EBC (4) HC (reactive) HCl

EBC (5) HN0 2 IC2

EBC (6) HC3

EBC ( 7)

EBC (8) N205 EBC (9) mw 3 EBC (10) H0 2 EBC (11) HO) EBC (12) H207-EBC (13) ROO

EBC (14) RCOO

EBC (15)

Jf IDOCEM - 3 6 or 15 at least one background concentration data

mi 1st bl~ specified for every K level a rnaxinn1111 of 50 background

concentration data sites may be specified

~312 Global Parameters Data

The global parameter data record specifies spRtially

in-_1niant data required for conversion of emission pjsec to c-r1isshy

~ic111s ppm (the calculation of plume rise and pc1r1rneters needed for

photochemical calculations) If IDOCEM = 0 this record is not

rPq Llired middot Otherwide this record is required each 1our and conshy

cl udes the hour input unit The format of this record is as

follows

Fbull 0 F50 FSO F50 F50

I t t t t TGRND SOLAR PRESR AMBCO AMI-ZO

C-5 5

With the following elobal parameter definitions

TGRND air temperature at the surface 0 c (specify 20deg as a default value)

SOLAR ambient insolation in wattsm2 (needed for photoshychemical simulations)

PRESR ambient atmospheric pressure in millibars (specify 1000 as a default value)

AMBCO ambient carbon monoxide in ppm (required for EPA photochemistry lDOCEM = 15)

AMHZO ambient water vapor concentration in ppm (reshyquired for EPA photochemistry IDOCEM = 15)

C-56

L+ L+ PROGRAM INPUT SUMMARY

Table 6 provides a summary of progrc1m input

C-57

Cgt 0

()l( 0 l(

[ l( l(

(_)U) 0 0 r1n Cl 0

H middoti 1 r D 0 l lJ lI II tJ l(Id

Ii l( I( 1 If [1 Li ll (1 lf lC rJ lJ l( micro tf LJ1 ti gt- H Lfbull-t Ht-middot-) t--i I- 4 0 ~ middot1 ~ I L( HI--[( f---~ 1-1 J t ra t- l (l N fJ I (J (I -i l J CJ rl (J r ---i J (Jr i II

~r microJ

~sr

u11 II tJ H t-()

-f I (J [-

~ t

rt [l t ~ bull r

t 1 n j ---E-lt 1l cl ltct() lt U) middot-J LbulllI l ( ) ~ (i (d Ei (L- 1 ~11 r_

II II (11 H n c Cl middot- r ~~ - Lil ( gt l bull rr l ~ ~ l1jH lL 1- cmiddot

fl] () n r rr_ E bull -t-f-bull 1-gt lrl bull( f bull ( uI t)

()() (1 )r- gt 1J

r Cl [1middot(poundmiddotbull I 1 n

gt- tl l bull middot1 0 ~

i_)middot) [ ltp U) II ~--l Id i -I 1 f rlU rmiddot- r

0 lLl [11 fl V) J middotl

-1 C) 11

(_)

r ~n0 i-~ II ~- gt 1)

[ fil fj

cl o n bullC)II tmiddot-gt- (1 t l CJ () ld f I J __ro rd 1-1

() r t l0 J ( middotf n o t_) hl C) lt_) VJ middotmiddotX r (J U) () C~ I- I o rr 1 + bull( Lrl lt( t -i ( rmiddot 11 ~ bull t bull ~Ul V) ITfrW (_ l bull 1 ~ bull ~i l i vJ middot r bullrnn 1 n l n C) 0

4- () f- -I H r l (J fr) r~ (J ( (l [ ) (1 (bull) Ci)

0 C) (-1 i V) Ct N bull[) (() rl C II II 11 --~ l Lil Cl1 f) 1-middotl I-lt co

() lto ~1~ c J n I

[-J n =- ~ Ci gt-~ ~- (J --iumiddoti

gtmiddot C1gt1- - r1i I- bull

bull-l o bl gtbl(~ - 11 er (_) ~-) gt middot ~ ~ ) r1 ~ - U) bull 0 [) () - ) ~ () u ri --i [cl~

() CJ er~ (J [~Cl~ 01 n (il (1

(_) gt-- 1-l ii c [J

lt ~ II middot ~ X UJ -z t middotIp_ J 0 () Li 0 S [) --i 0 ~J r-1 P-lt gt - er (-lt [) 11 ti) t- II u ~3

- rn i n bull( lol cbull (-J] ~er IT 10-

ld Id ll lt z C T () CJ p - ( ~ ~lt J~ -I C)

r l CJ r i r-1 1--IO C) _ ~ 0 0 0 () - 6 ~-1 bull( 1 -1 middot C) ) -~ () Ormiddot-z L- =~ cr- z

__ E-~ [-lt ~ H0 II II II II II - l~ c 7- C) =----= UJ -~ n bull __ i-- ___ ~ro ~shyE-bullH Cl_ bull t 1 F ~ er - J 1 ~ (l U) -middotJ Q o ~-~ (l) ~ tJ~ ~j H ltr i--l J gtmiddot ) I s vl n c f (J bullE-lt u u () ~ - - u n o 0 (1 () bulll LI) t ) rd fbullJ C [cl ---() lt (J [) m ~rn

0000 0 () () (J - cJ - middotbull-l ~ en fl bull a ltmiddotcgt === u [t FioD middot) () ) Cl(L] i microJ ) co_ CJ rJnnnci on nn(tj f t -bull I-~ I-middot~ r I rbull1 f -1 1 -middot ) t-l I bull H _ 7- 1--1 _ i-~ __E-

U)

tJ n [J (J E- ~1~ z w

(rl [d 0 ~ D 0

u w H lt 0 n u OE~ cr E-bull er gtlt =-~ n Zlt ltC

E-lt 0 rr n - fmiddotbull E--lt (J H () 0 OE--lt

H -- H C)u 0 i [) crz bulli ll microJ n ~-- micro - ltC H Cl H lmiddot-lt E~ n [1 Q C(J z lt )U en

(-lt n _- n n z lt( H 0

b cw lt

w uz 0 ~ ( er

(- -~ olS f-1 [) [) H middot0 rd H lt 0 ltO _

lt P-lt ltC CI) u 0

C-58

5 CAVEATS

This section provides some helpfu1 points on assernbJj_np

the data and interpreting the output

C-59

--

S 1 STEILTTY ASSIGNMT~Tf

Since the stability profile (stored in STAB) alters the

computed wind field it is import to 1ssign the su1bi1 middoti ty layer 1)y

layer such that the intended profile is effected The point to

remember is that the stability of a given layer is assigned to

the top interface of that layer For example if it is desired

to simulate an atmosphere with the third layer stable and all the

other layers unstable the fol lowinr ass ignrnen t must f)e fo 1 J owed

physic3lly assignment

A A ~-

A A --- --middot---

-- A A middot-

A A --

A A

E E

E~+1 A

thus STd3 ( 2) 5

and STAB (3) 5

C-60

52 GRID SIZE

If IMPACT is used to evaluate the effects on air quality

due to point sources the grid size (DX DY) should be equal to or less than the plume width at the surface concentration maximum

If DX or DY is too large the maximum surface concentration will

be smoothed and lower concentration values will be predicted

Typical zone sizes are from 500 to 1000 meters for DX DY and

25 to 100 meters for DZ

C-61

5 3 NUMBER OF SPECIFIED wum SITES

If an excessive number of wind sites are used the asshy

signment of high confidence levels to each site will result in

an unrealistic wind field if the data is not compatable A rule

of thumb for determining the maximum number of ~igh confidence

level wind sites is N = (NXmiddotNY) divided by 40~40 If the

number of wind sites exceeds N reduce the confidence values

assigned to the winct data

C-62

5 4 MYRUP RlNZIERI DIFFUSIVITY MODEL

When using the MyrupRanzieri Model (IDODIF = l) the

user should take care that an inversion base and top are defined

everywhere in the grid That is the stability values go from

less than 45 at the surface to greater than 4J and then to less

than 45 again Otherwise the model may calculate large vertical

diffusivities (limited to 1000 m2 sec) even under stable conditions

when DZmiddotNZ is greater than 500 to 1000 meters The advection

diffusion time step will be limited in these circumstances to 2approximately At= 00008 (DZ) if DZ is equal to 100 meters

then At equal 8 seconds A time step of 8 seconds requires 450

advectiondiffusion cycles per hour which will result in long

run times for multiple-species multiple-hour simulations

C-63

5 5 LOCATION OF PODlT A1D REA SOURCES

Due to the boundary conditions specified for the second

order advectiondiffusion algorithm placing point or area sources

in cells at the edge of the cornputationnJ domain will result in an

over predictibn of pollutant concentrations The user should take

care that all point and area sources are at least one cell removed

from the boundary

i---------r-middot------ -r------r--~ f ) I i 1 bull kbull -+----- -+----i--middotmiddot- middotmiddot--middot~middot-middot middotbull---i

----~+__ i -+-~--Avoid placing I i

sources in the ___________ -----~--l shaded cells _J

i l t L J j L bull l j

i I

C-64

6 0 EXAMPLE PR OBJ EM

A simplified exemplnry problem designed to demonstrate

several of the features and options avnilable in the IMPACT code

is described below Section 61 illustrates the input file and

section 62 is the program output

The problem illustrated below is a grid of dimensions

NX =NY= 9 NZ= 7 DX= 750 DY= 500 DZ= 100 The shaded

area indicates the non-zero terrain (height= 1000 feet) Five

surface roughness data are specified (Z 0 ) although they arc not

required since IDODIF = 3 (DEPICT diffusivity)

9

8

7

t 6 J 5

4

3

z z

2

1 ~_________________z__

s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I~

The problem is to be run for 2 hours with wind and stabilitybull

data specified (wind at w stability at s) each hour Sulfate chem-

istry is selected (IDOCEM = 3) and there is sirnulati~n of both a

point source P with a user-specified 6h and emission equal to

10 gsec tracer 500 gsec S02 and no SO~ and an area source

indicated by the cross hatched area with emissions per grid cell

equal to 2 gsec tracer and 270 gsec S02 Background concentrashy

tions (B) are set to 00 for all levels and all species The wind

direction remains constant at 270deg for both hours while the wind

speed changes from 30 msec to J 5 msec The stability profile

is unstable to neutral to st1ble the first hour changing to comshy

pletely stable the second hour

C-65

hJ EXAMPLE 110BLEM INPUT FILE

0 z w

II C

C(f)

zc __o_ a

liJ 7 NC C C w fl

J a coo

C

C z

CN 7 rrN

Q bullUHCCO

u - u-gt -~ C lt --- cv

ifI 10 O C 0 0 --CO C

LJ Ii -gt C 0 )- o-- -- 1- - U II

rmiddot Z C 0 cmiddot -C C -0OJrOClt 0 1 0 CC

o= __ l_l lt C C I bull bull

- -- 0 o) 0 I 0 middott ll bull - CO o

J t-)O O C 0

oouu---_ t J bullbullbull

t bullw-ccoc-o ex c-ouu

C 00 D lf 00 r

-Dgt- cooii -- 0 Co-- II U

(bull Cl J--Ln Z _I

r--- 3 0 O C 0 (J 00 0 _ 0 UCO 0 gtlt C c C

o-- C

-0--0-V--Nlf bullNshy bull tfI bull tI t-1 bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ bull -O N c O 00000000 o -D 0r z _ 0 r-- (J- (J (Jo a

t-~t- ----~bull--fl--0- 0-1f-V middot-shy bull-ru bull-tJ bull-- - uI U) -0 a N 0 oc000000ltgtOD

C-66

--------------------u2 EXJMPLE PROBLEM OUTPUT

II N II

ltC r

c-

C

C

C

II 11

r gt C C 0

-

QC

er

0

II gtlt 2

~ C

L 0 Q - 0

C C

Q C

1 C

II

II

C 0 r

)- c

0 C C

v r r II O II

t- z c 0 -~-=-

- J 0 l tr -11 1-C-_O Ogtlt 1--cc lgtO -gt-shy _

C-67

lt 2

L LL lf - x L c C -lti 1- C I - ~ v Ci lti ~ ltt - c _ l --_ X

Z ~ if ltI~ i z

_ _ -- J

bullbull u

_ 1 lt t 1 l J-

laquo

L _ 0

C

laquo 1lt -

C-68

bull bull

---------

bullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull

middotbullbullbull~

bull ltsTUL STAlf flf llfF ~YSTfM bullbull bullbullbull-~~+middot

fPA(T T t S l P fJ n fi I f ~

GRTD r-P 1-1 I Jmiddot

TfFhf A~t q (rlLS Jos Ill~~ T-1f_[TJlN ~11H IJfllA ~ If 75(1iM YftllllC A TIIHl fXTlNT tlF t750 bull (IM

l 1~1gt gtlt[ (ti LS j lHF y LTllf[l fl)N ~tlH ~ ntL TA y nv con~M qEL(JNG h TtTAt FJltT[Jl rt ~ltOn o- THJ ~f M~~ 011S rrr 1r I gtfffllr- A nrll Z llf n (I bull n Y t I rlT 11 A T 1T~ I r X T f I I l bull 7on o]

GP Ill 10 I H1 AT l 1

() I

Q ( b7~nn 4~UOP 7ro n)

0 lbulltbullbullmiddotmiddotbullbull~Ajl~A~AAAI~

bull bull

kbullbullbullbull~A~ diams

bullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbulltbullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

+I bull bullbull

J~~bullbullbull~~middotmiddot~bullbullbullAAA~A+~ttbull~ diams

1)1 o~ 011) +~

bullbull bull- bull -

- ()

c

CL C

(

r r

cshy u -shyC er

C

u lt o~ z

- 0

ex _ f

lt 1

U gtshyc

()

0

C _ C

-shyi

u shyZI () )

I C I I

ltI ltgt I wl CL I

c

w r

u

w r

I 0 0

u C_ I JJ- Z I

I u er I

I 0 ~ I

I - - I I c a U I

C u _ ()

w C w a

C-70

CCC

C _

-- IJJ

~ C lt w 0

a a 4J co

4- gt w gtgtlt C Cl er

QC= L1J

z - l V V

CC C C C c

C cmiddot

u w

~t N

oc - C C

C

X lt lt Cbull C T z z CC 0

~- V CC C W~2 -- co a-

u ltl gt gt -t I lt lt a -- a

l -_

en v a _ _ -z _ c C

lo- bullbullbull -- CC

=-

a w u

l t l w

lI

l

wli6J W ~ za - -o Q 0 = 0 0

lt C

= 0 gtO-gt

_ - - - C N bull bull bull bull bull

C O Co-

n lt(

w I V a I w

I I I w z r

--o-- gt-J

r I JJ () of I J

ltl er I

a ----a-o-11 0 u

z _ 0

0 z

w w

I-

C-71

C C

II

-middot lt gt

i

C

C ~ bull bull laquo bull laquo laquo ~ ~ ~ bull ~ laquo ~ ~ C C ~ = C C C ~ ~ laquocccc---cclaquoc bullCCCCCCCCC-t laquo C bull- bull bull_ -middot ~ C lt- ltmiddot - r 11cccccrccclaquo bull---c __ _u laquoCCC CCCtrt fl_= -c-=-laquo laquo C C C _~ C laquo _ laquoccc ccclaquolt bullccc c-ltcbullgt bull C C C C C C laquo laquoccotcc-middotc~ bull cc- -0( C C

ccci C C C C c C C laquo r

- - CC- C ~ laquo -rc-ccc--=rbullx laquocccoc-c ~ fl ii laquo 1 bull +

-----~~~~~~~n~nnn~~c~=~~=acoo~~==~~~=~shy++++ +- +1- + -++ diams lt1- + I ibull Jbull L J -~ I ~ ~- gt_

I - C) C ( - f r n (J r r - r r T --shy

o cc c - - ~~ca c ~ ~ ~ ~ = ~ ~ ~ J 0 I -C C r ( =- - lt ( X - r a r - c

]

-f

_ c

C C C

c C C

bull C C

-=- -

(Jt-0-~c---~ ~ r- ~ - lt~c~-cn-~~~r-n~r~rc

- tt middot- c r- c--

a J I I I I I I I I bullbull I I t I I I I r _ t cc-_ cc-==

~------~NNN~~~~~~~~~ CCCCCCCltCCC CO - - CC +++-+++bull-+

i Imiddot_ II u -_WII _i_bull L i i _ - 1 1 ubull Ubull l_

C LL C

cc --c-- ~ ~ c

o~~~~o~-~~~~~~~~~~~~ C

u r

ccocc---r--CCta middottc--r- crmN-O~~c~-r~~-~~~~ncNr~~~mo-~~-~T~~~cr~~shy

C C c

c f C f 0 C bull ~~ rJ ~ lJI C i_ - __ f - X C tC CCC CCC CC

C - r J 0 T-- Cl ~_ - -- - - - _ J n rJ J 1J II

r O LL

c u a C lt( Cgt

a - 0-0--ctrlI-

0 - a

O w

J gt i

U U II 11 11 11 II Ii II 11__JJ----

C-72

~ C ~ C C O C C lt r

LfrCCCllCmiddotC C

ltC 1C-CCrllOOC er a uJ llcccccoco-

c rvoooooocicc - N

-ccccooocc

tr0t---DIJlfrllfJ-5 )

11 II II It ll ti N It II II w ) _-- u

C-73

C I

C

C

C

- 0 CC yen C C lt- -9 c

r_ r

I -yen I u- r_ yen

ii ~ Ui I diams h it - ( c cu bull Cc tc bullr c cc Jt fl - c- 0 0- 0- middotshy lt bull tr c X r lf bullgt

-f -c ~ pound j bull f tr bull i

-tt-middotbull - er bull I - ~

laquo ( r

- - - -middot - -middot - - - - - - - - - -- _ -middot ~ C -cltcmiddotc_-~c

I I I I I t I I I i I I I I I I 1 I +

-i I u J ] J LI 1- J _ _ middot _ - - _ -

lt r imiddot - _ i- r ~- c lt cmiddot - -- - c - ~

- lt c cmiddot o ltmiddot ~ -- - --_middot lt -_- ~ -- - - - ~ -=-c~CCO -cc -cmiddotc-shymiddotf f =- r c 1 0 u ~r -- r - _ -

-middot I- I C rr C I I-- - C C J C middot ~ rbull I -C - U I J r f ~ I -

I - I c I _ I J

I - 1middot I i I I I I I I I J I I I f I I I I I I

- Ir ) iJ

_- I _ I cc-ccc-cc=c-c -cr- I I I 1 I I t I I ~ l I I I I I I t I I I I I -y I

I Jbull L _ I 1 bull 1 1 __ _ _ 1 _ v 1 Ia u I I

bull I =- t C = lt 7 C - bull C bull (bull lt C 0 C _ C I v- _ I C - (middot - C r r C C C _- C r-_ C ( - C lt 1middot C lt -~ I middot= c Cmiddot ~ - - = -r - r i _ J cmiddot I ~ I C f _middot J C- J [ f ( If middotmiddot f = f C J _ C

) I r - r J _ - C cf 0- 1 -- -middot f - I

CO I II I

- I

C I I - I I I - - -~ I tJ rll II bullJ -

Clt I UIO I I L I r - I

U I u -- I l I 0- I I - I

Clt I er I I U II II 11 11 11 II 11 11 11~

u I - ) ~ 1 ) -gt ~ ) - -

gt bull rr bullbull bull z bull _ _ bull V) bull laquo

z - l bull

-

bullf

C

-_ middot - --~ _

V

L

lt

r middot [ _

lt - r - I ( - J c-

- bullr

_ middot

C-75

r

-

1

bull bull

bull laquo

V

T C

-

er

J

V

-- lC

r

CL C

Le C

-

~ C 7 Cbull

laquo w

z LL C Cle

~ u laquo Q

gt ltI laquo laquo laquo

bull laquobulllaquobull laquo

laquo

laquo

7

C r

J C

X u lt(

CC- C

CC-

V) - 0 r J

-w

r

z -

l -

JN

z -

C

z

z

L

u ltXl

t

-_ c C = -- - ltf - C r_

CCC C CC

-iccc_cc C-

ltGCCCCCC

z -

lt i - l i J ~ J ~ - ~ a

- =-middot + - + ~ J w C _- C 0

Q C- C C C 0 lt( c=cc0 0 - C C c lt

-gt oc o-=

0 _J 11 11 11 U It l 0 w V

- ~ w i I-- (t Ct

lt - ) tr ~ (l ~

~ltV) VJ J I O - u J -d I l r ~- CC f l1 U D U f C I_ Z

-11 -w--~ I O UZ Z

2 i -1 u ~ 11--0 J er tr ashy~ i 1 i ~v- ltt q

C-76

I

_

gt C

bull C I I - II _

l -L -

+ bull

II

JJ

V II J bull -

Cmiddot = - bull I _shy

Ibull x 1

l r II

0- C 11 middot-bullbull lt C

r C

C _Jc II

- + J1-L gt bull-1---

~ G ~ --

bull C C r- I

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N middot-r r pound) _ c 0-u lt

u 0 _ co c-

deg J

V a

C-89

C C

C

II ~

i

C C

-shy

bull

_

c r

I(

(

bull j( - c c r

C I

C

CC

rshy__ r-- c- lt gt

~

-

- _ trbull

-

r

lt

omiddot_ tr

I I I I i I

II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

rmiddot

-

L

I I I I I I I I

u

lt

-7 -middot

bull

J

C

-

_bullbull ~ LImiddot~-

=- -= - - = middot= - -middot C = C middot= C -- I C ~ -

t bullbullbullbullbull

I I I I I

middot ~ --- --= C ( _ C - C

J

r~

c C

I

-middot

I I I I 1 I I j yen

r

t

r

I

r

a

gt

~

--gt-

-

bull

lo L _ _ er

I I

I I

rI

r I I I

I I I I I _ IL I I I I

I I

t lt

_

__

Ct

I 1 I I + J

- f - _ f ( f -- ( -- ---- ) -- r - ~

- - r ~ c- --- --- - ( r _ - - middotr - -- ~ _ - lt __

- 1 -- - (_ -

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I J I

- -_ ( C

bull I I bull-- I - 1- - L L _ U J l L- J I I bullbull 1 ~-

7 -r -middot -middot - - w lt- -middot ~ 0 bullmiddot bull- r - r - - If - C -r- -r

- - f -middot -- -- _ - _Y _ rJ

--1oJ_ - f =~-C -~- _ 1 __ J ~ C - f - - -- -_ - f _

tr 0-

C-90

_

C

C

_

middotr 11 J Lr laquo C C

-~ ~ ~bull-i -l C ~ laquo r

laquo ~ r

f-

-l -

J

v f

bullshyx r

II

bull r

bull ~

bull laquo II bull u

laquo

[

C

bullL

C J

I I I

gt- I I

gt I I --- I t I tr

middotmiddot ~- I gt

I gt- I

I

t ) I -I

C- I _ I Q I Lmiddot _ I - I Cl I II

0 I I ltn I

I~

I I I I

I I I I I Ct

c_

-

J IL

middot- _ - middot- = middot C r - C t t c C ~ -- - - bull middot - -= -- -middot - lt=- - ~ I I I middotI middot+ middot+ bull + bull + + -+ + + + + _ -bull bull_ t i J bull- _ _ bull I L bull~ -middot bullmiddot bull t- ~ t C --- U _ - if - C r-- I J C -_ - r middoti - O r- middotJ middot _ - f J - J

~~---ltKr-~r-l~~c~~~~-- Imiddot - bullf J bull- ~ - r r - _ _ C C - I

- r v ~ f middot i -bull r I-- C - - L ( r _ f I bull bullbull I bull I I I I Ibull f I f I I

~1-lamp-----~~~~~~~~~

C I f t I I I I I I I I I I I I t I I I

lt ( r middot-= C ( cmiddot - r lt r- i- middot bull-bull

+ I I l + bull + + bull + + +- bull +- + -+ + + + 41 lJ JIJ -~ 1 t U _ U l -l bull l 1 Ubull bull~ cn~-ltr~r~-r~r~---~~ C - if -J middotbulln t ~ _ -middot middotJ r C J

_ _ I l t - J f O __ t- middot J r C C - _middotmiddot- bull - tr ~ _ bullmiddot - -- J _ ( C bull-f11f- ~I-- J ~ - J - - J (-

J II -ri

C-91

C

C

II

~ II II ll

laquo II _J II

II II C

V II I

~ II

middotc

II

~

lt II

C

C C bull C C

-4 C laquo rmiddot

-

bull1 II C _ C laquo

C laquo ll C II

II bull C C

C diams i -f

1 11 C ~ _

-= - ltl II C bull gt

ll V It laquo C C o

1-

H

bullcc laquo -~ C

umiddot bull cc-cbull~-- _- --

r II

- II

bullCC --r(CClt ---cmiddot--CS-=-shydiams laquo bull bull bullbull

+c-lt-ccccc-gtlt C cmiddot C ~- bull -ltl

fl bull 41 bull ill (

II II

--i

II II

_-------middotbull - - -1-bull

r i r- --

I i I I

___ __

I I I 1

-------middot----gt C C C

I I I I I I I I

ii II laquo

I I

middot- L l _ J

~ C ~ ~ ~ ~ = r -- Jbull r-- middotmiddot - [ - ( ~ c ~ _ middot rr - I _ - - J C

- r f -

----

~ ~-- ~bull ~ ~

r r f -- 5 - Jmiddot - r

- - ~r-r--

f ~ X f _ middotc ~ l ~ ~- =c ~ ~ ~ - middot C =r C C r- - - -

- _ ~ r a -- c ~ lf X ~- _ C - --= = r ~ -r

II bull I - s = r- f- ~ - -- - ( (1

middot- II II

I ---rrJJf

ltd II

- II __- II l1 _i

II ~ II

_

(I) JI~

~ - I

I

middot I

I

I I I I I t I I I I I t I

= C C _-+ + +

L L t J IJ t_ J 7-~-~i OrLhC --r_ -- - C L r J- _ -- T--t~-=--c 7--shyc-r- ( middot-- middotir -- w (

I ~

- -J

--c -

1 I 1 t r

r r _ _ - _ ( middot ( ~ --(_ - --

Ebull C I C N1 o

VJ I

c

I 6 t I I I I I t I I I bull I I

- - 7 cmiddot C C - - - C -+ I I l I t I I I I I f I I I I

- 1r middotbull _ ~~~~~middot~~~~ - _Jr_~ ~ If~ C- C 0 c - -middot - _ J middot - -~ t _ X if - C - -- _ l~-~=JJCshy -J r i middot J -- ~ v - O - J

I middot- I -- - ~ - - - I _

~ -I

I

) lt

~ I T

U I L _ _ II

C J

r I C -

I I

C-92

C

+

C

II

C C

ltIt bull laquo laquo laquo bull laquo ti laquo - - ( fr I I CClaquo laquo =- C-J I t tJ C C tl ~

bull ~-0 Lf-v- c laquocc J-ir olaquobull~c -c c-cclaquo _ r-- C =- claquo II bull C t 0- - - t C c - -= (bull O middotbull lt - tt C C 41 _ + C I (JClaquolt diams O C bull laquo C C laquo C LI LI C r --- r J ~yenlaquo~ccbullccccc ~bull- iC c~ ~- bull= - tmiddot = ~ C laquo -bull

~ g ~ ~r ~ ~ ~ laquo laquo laquo oil bull 1( bull ~~-~-------~-~~~~~~0 C 0 --cc- CC-middot-=

t r I I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I t I I I I uJ uJ -4J J - w -middot l- __ i J ~ 1bull L middot~ L r 0lt-C ~c~~c--~-~-~~~--c N - II I ~~r~~-zrr~-~-~~~c~~~ r c 1 - I C - t middot- J -C _ ~ C cmiddot - If - - C f _cf_ f I C ( ~ r c ~ c t-- c j - ~ c = - ( ~~c~cr-rr~-~c-~-~~~ I I t ~ =1 ~ I - - t rv- -- middotr t - ~ r

I _ I

I I E I bull t I I C I I t I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

ll I er 1 J pf ~ J tJ nJ J lt-CCC ll I coc-c--cc--cccctmiddotc-cc-ccc I I I I r bull I I t I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

iL ~-Ju ~~~~~~w~~~~~~w~~~~~~0 ~lLffI a 0Ncc-c-~N~N-~r-~~~-shyCl) _( ( i c~~EE~~c-0v~~~~~arr~r r-- -1- lfI ~-~~ro-~~o-~~--~~P Cmiddot co~~~cc~~~c~~~~~-~c~

0- - =t D O~VN~~I~~c-0~-mc-N~1 ~ ~ c-

- t o~-N~-~f-OC~E~~------~ _

~

Q - u J - J

C c u 3 J Q

C-93

------

IDOPLM - 7 Ah= UDHS UDH in rn2sec

If

IDOPLM = 8 ~h = UDH UDH in meters

Ah is the plume rise (meters)

S is the wind speed at the top of the stack msec

If VPS 1s specified DPS and SPS are not required or vise versa

If fDll is specified then TPS VPS DPS and SPS are not required

The second record containr information on the point source

on1issions The input on this record varies with the choice of

JDOCE~I However all data are read into EPST in a 16F50 format 0and arc in units of gramssecond They are specified as follows

IDOCEM - 1 IDOCEM = 3 IDOCEM 6 IDOCEM = 15 EPST (1) tracer trAcer tracer tracer EPST (2) S02 N02 N02 EPST (3) S04 NO NO EPST (4) 03 03 EPST (5) HC (reactive) HCl (olefins)

EPST (6) HN02 HC2 (aronHtics) EPST (7) HC3 (parafins) EPST (8) HC4 (alc1ehydes) EPST (9) N205 EPST (10) HN03 EPST (11) HN02 EPST (12) H02 EPST (13) H202 EPST (14) ROO EPST (15) RCOO

A maximum of 50 point sources may be specified

C-51

~-310 Area Source Deck

If ID0CEM = 0 are1 source deck is not required

The first record of the area source deck defcribes the

number of area sources (stored as NUMASD) and the hour at which

the next area source deck is to be read (storeo as NOWASD) The

format is the same as for the point source data

IS IS

I NUMASD NOWASD

If no area sources are needed for a particular hour set NUtffiSD =

0 and omit the following records If only one set of area source

data is desired for the entire problem set NOWASD gt NUMHRS

For each area source two records are required The

first record contains information on the location of the area

source Each area source is defined as a rectangle whose sides

are an integral number of DX and DY The locations of the lowershy

left corner and the upper-right corner of the area source are reshy

quired to specify the area source The format for this record is

as follows

15 15 15 15

I ILAS IRASt JLAS JRAS

Example

(10 30)

t J

(7 I

31

30 -- -------29 area sou ce

28 I 27 I 6 7 8 9 10

28) I--+

C-52

In this example ILAS - 7 IHAS - 10 JLAS = 28 JHAS = 30

The record would look like this

0 10 20

07 10 28 30

If only one cell is required to specify an area source set ILAS =

IHAS JLAS = JHAS However all data must be entered in this n~shy

cord The second record contains information on the area source

emissions The format of this record is exactly the same as the

point source emissions record (Refer to section 41313 for

further information)

The emissions required for the area source deck are in

grams per second per gric S_ell Thus if the emissions for the

entire area source is~ gsec the emissions per grid cell

r gsecgridcellequal ~ ((HIAS-ILAS + l)middot (JHAS-JLAS + 1))

The variable Eis required as input in this record

A maximum of 50 area sources may be specified

4311 Background Concentration Deck

The background concentration deck allows the user to

specify the spatial distribution of pollutants Those cells not

affected by point or area sources (defined as cellf whose tracer

~oncentrations is less thjn 0001 i1~m3) are assigned concentrashy

tions based on a weighted lr2 interpolation of background conshy

centration values at the particular vertical level Thus the

user must specify the vertical profile for all pollutants at each

site If IDOCEM = 0 the hackground concentration deck is not

required

C-53

The first record of the hi ckground cone en t r1 t ion dee1

describes tbc number of background sites (stored as NUMBCP) and

the hour at which the next background concentration deck is to be

read (stored as NOWBCP) The format is the same for the point

source data

1s NOWBCP

If no background data is needed set NUMRCP and o iit the following

records If only one set of data is needed for the entire problem

set NOWBCP gt NUMHRS If for ex1mplc no data is needed fo-r- the

entire problem (eg if IDOCEM 1 tracer only) set NUMBCP = 0

and NOWBCP NUMHRS + 1

For each backrround concentration data point NZ+ 1

records are required The first record describes the coordinate

location

IS

IS t

IBC JBC

where

IBC is the I-location of the background data

JBC is the J-location of the backRround data

The next NZ records describe the background cortcentrations

of the reactive pollutants for each level starting at K = 1 and

continuing to K = NZ If for example levels K = ~ to K = 6 are

below the surface six blank cards must be inserted to account for

levels K = 1 to K = 6 Every level must be specified The input

on these records varies with the selection of IDOCEM However

all data are read into EBC in a 14F50 format and are in units of

ppm They are specified as follows

C-54

IDOCEM middot- 3 IDOCEM == 6 IDOCEM == 15

EBC (1) S02 N0 2 N02 EBC (2) SOL~ NO NO EBC (3) 03 03

EBC (4) HC (reactive) HCl

EBC (5) HN0 2 IC2

EBC (6) HC3

EBC ( 7)

EBC (8) N205 EBC (9) mw 3 EBC (10) H0 2 EBC (11) HO) EBC (12) H207-EBC (13) ROO

EBC (14) RCOO

EBC (15)

Jf IDOCEM - 3 6 or 15 at least one background concentration data

mi 1st bl~ specified for every K level a rnaxinn1111 of 50 background

concentration data sites may be specified

~312 Global Parameters Data

The global parameter data record specifies spRtially

in-_1niant data required for conversion of emission pjsec to c-r1isshy

~ic111s ppm (the calculation of plume rise and pc1r1rneters needed for

photochemical calculations) If IDOCEM = 0 this record is not

rPq Llired middot Otherwide this record is required each 1our and conshy

cl udes the hour input unit The format of this record is as

follows

Fbull 0 F50 FSO F50 F50

I t t t t TGRND SOLAR PRESR AMBCO AMI-ZO

C-5 5

With the following elobal parameter definitions

TGRND air temperature at the surface 0 c (specify 20deg as a default value)

SOLAR ambient insolation in wattsm2 (needed for photoshychemical simulations)

PRESR ambient atmospheric pressure in millibars (specify 1000 as a default value)

AMBCO ambient carbon monoxide in ppm (required for EPA photochemistry lDOCEM = 15)

AMHZO ambient water vapor concentration in ppm (reshyquired for EPA photochemistry IDOCEM = 15)

C-56

L+ L+ PROGRAM INPUT SUMMARY

Table 6 provides a summary of progrc1m input

C-57

Cgt 0

()l( 0 l(

[ l( l(

(_)U) 0 0 r1n Cl 0

H middoti 1 r D 0 l lJ lI II tJ l(Id

Ii l( I( 1 If [1 Li ll (1 lf lC rJ lJ l( micro tf LJ1 ti gt- H Lfbull-t Ht-middot-) t--i I- 4 0 ~ middot1 ~ I L( HI--[( f---~ 1-1 J t ra t- l (l N fJ I (J (I -i l J CJ rl (J r ---i J (Jr i II

~r microJ

~sr

u11 II tJ H t-()

-f I (J [-

~ t

rt [l t ~ bull r

t 1 n j ---E-lt 1l cl ltct() lt U) middot-J LbulllI l ( ) ~ (i (d Ei (L- 1 ~11 r_

II II (11 H n c Cl middot- r ~~ - Lil ( gt l bull rr l ~ ~ l1jH lL 1- cmiddot

fl] () n r rr_ E bull -t-f-bull 1-gt lrl bull( f bull ( uI t)

()() (1 )r- gt 1J

r Cl [1middot(poundmiddotbull I 1 n

gt- tl l bull middot1 0 ~

i_)middot) [ ltp U) II ~--l Id i -I 1 f rlU rmiddot- r

0 lLl [11 fl V) J middotl

-1 C) 11

(_)

r ~n0 i-~ II ~- gt 1)

[ fil fj

cl o n bullC)II tmiddot-gt- (1 t l CJ () ld f I J __ro rd 1-1

() r t l0 J ( middotf n o t_) hl C) lt_) VJ middotmiddotX r (J U) () C~ I- I o rr 1 + bull( Lrl lt( t -i ( rmiddot 11 ~ bull t bull ~Ul V) ITfrW (_ l bull 1 ~ bull ~i l i vJ middot r bullrnn 1 n l n C) 0

4- () f- -I H r l (J fr) r~ (J ( (l [ ) (1 (bull) Ci)

0 C) (-1 i V) Ct N bull[) (() rl C II II 11 --~ l Lil Cl1 f) 1-middotl I-lt co

() lto ~1~ c J n I

[-J n =- ~ Ci gt-~ ~- (J --iumiddoti

gtmiddot C1gt1- - r1i I- bull

bull-l o bl gtbl(~ - 11 er (_) ~-) gt middot ~ ~ ) r1 ~ - U) bull 0 [) () - ) ~ () u ri --i [cl~

() CJ er~ (J [~Cl~ 01 n (il (1

(_) gt-- 1-l ii c [J

lt ~ II middot ~ X UJ -z t middotIp_ J 0 () Li 0 S [) --i 0 ~J r-1 P-lt gt - er (-lt [) 11 ti) t- II u ~3

- rn i n bull( lol cbull (-J] ~er IT 10-

ld Id ll lt z C T () CJ p - ( ~ ~lt J~ -I C)

r l CJ r i r-1 1--IO C) _ ~ 0 0 0 () - 6 ~-1 bull( 1 -1 middot C) ) -~ () Ormiddot-z L- =~ cr- z

__ E-~ [-lt ~ H0 II II II II II - l~ c 7- C) =----= UJ -~ n bull __ i-- ___ ~ro ~shyE-bullH Cl_ bull t 1 F ~ er - J 1 ~ (l U) -middotJ Q o ~-~ (l) ~ tJ~ ~j H ltr i--l J gtmiddot ) I s vl n c f (J bullE-lt u u () ~ - - u n o 0 (1 () bulll LI) t ) rd fbullJ C [cl ---() lt (J [) m ~rn

0000 0 () () (J - cJ - middotbull-l ~ en fl bull a ltmiddotcgt === u [t FioD middot) () ) Cl(L] i microJ ) co_ CJ rJnnnci on nn(tj f t -bull I-~ I-middot~ r I rbull1 f -1 1 -middot ) t-l I bull H _ 7- 1--1 _ i-~ __E-

U)

tJ n [J (J E- ~1~ z w

(rl [d 0 ~ D 0

u w H lt 0 n u OE~ cr E-bull er gtlt =-~ n Zlt ltC

E-lt 0 rr n - fmiddotbull E--lt (J H () 0 OE--lt

H -- H C)u 0 i [) crz bulli ll microJ n ~-- micro - ltC H Cl H lmiddot-lt E~ n [1 Q C(J z lt )U en

(-lt n _- n n z lt( H 0

b cw lt

w uz 0 ~ ( er

(- -~ olS f-1 [) [) H middot0 rd H lt 0 ltO _

lt P-lt ltC CI) u 0

C-58

5 CAVEATS

This section provides some helpfu1 points on assernbJj_np

the data and interpreting the output

C-59

--

S 1 STEILTTY ASSIGNMT~Tf

Since the stability profile (stored in STAB) alters the

computed wind field it is import to 1ssign the su1bi1 middoti ty layer 1)y

layer such that the intended profile is effected The point to

remember is that the stability of a given layer is assigned to

the top interface of that layer For example if it is desired

to simulate an atmosphere with the third layer stable and all the

other layers unstable the fol lowinr ass ignrnen t must f)e fo 1 J owed

physic3lly assignment

A A ~-

A A --- --middot---

-- A A middot-

A A --

A A

E E

E~+1 A

thus STd3 ( 2) 5

and STAB (3) 5

C-60

52 GRID SIZE

If IMPACT is used to evaluate the effects on air quality

due to point sources the grid size (DX DY) should be equal to or less than the plume width at the surface concentration maximum

If DX or DY is too large the maximum surface concentration will

be smoothed and lower concentration values will be predicted

Typical zone sizes are from 500 to 1000 meters for DX DY and

25 to 100 meters for DZ

C-61

5 3 NUMBER OF SPECIFIED wum SITES

If an excessive number of wind sites are used the asshy

signment of high confidence levels to each site will result in

an unrealistic wind field if the data is not compatable A rule

of thumb for determining the maximum number of ~igh confidence

level wind sites is N = (NXmiddotNY) divided by 40~40 If the

number of wind sites exceeds N reduce the confidence values

assigned to the winct data

C-62

5 4 MYRUP RlNZIERI DIFFUSIVITY MODEL

When using the MyrupRanzieri Model (IDODIF = l) the

user should take care that an inversion base and top are defined

everywhere in the grid That is the stability values go from

less than 45 at the surface to greater than 4J and then to less

than 45 again Otherwise the model may calculate large vertical

diffusivities (limited to 1000 m2 sec) even under stable conditions

when DZmiddotNZ is greater than 500 to 1000 meters The advection

diffusion time step will be limited in these circumstances to 2approximately At= 00008 (DZ) if DZ is equal to 100 meters

then At equal 8 seconds A time step of 8 seconds requires 450

advectiondiffusion cycles per hour which will result in long

run times for multiple-species multiple-hour simulations

C-63

5 5 LOCATION OF PODlT A1D REA SOURCES

Due to the boundary conditions specified for the second

order advectiondiffusion algorithm placing point or area sources

in cells at the edge of the cornputationnJ domain will result in an

over predictibn of pollutant concentrations The user should take

care that all point and area sources are at least one cell removed

from the boundary

i---------r-middot------ -r------r--~ f ) I i 1 bull kbull -+----- -+----i--middotmiddot- middotmiddot--middot~middot-middot middotbull---i

----~+__ i -+-~--Avoid placing I i

sources in the ___________ -----~--l shaded cells _J

i l t L J j L bull l j

i I

C-64

6 0 EXAMPLE PR OBJ EM

A simplified exemplnry problem designed to demonstrate

several of the features and options avnilable in the IMPACT code

is described below Section 61 illustrates the input file and

section 62 is the program output

The problem illustrated below is a grid of dimensions

NX =NY= 9 NZ= 7 DX= 750 DY= 500 DZ= 100 The shaded

area indicates the non-zero terrain (height= 1000 feet) Five

surface roughness data are specified (Z 0 ) although they arc not

required since IDODIF = 3 (DEPICT diffusivity)

9

8

7

t 6 J 5

4

3

z z

2

1 ~_________________z__

s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I~

The problem is to be run for 2 hours with wind and stabilitybull

data specified (wind at w stability at s) each hour Sulfate chem-

istry is selected (IDOCEM = 3) and there is sirnulati~n of both a

point source P with a user-specified 6h and emission equal to

10 gsec tracer 500 gsec S02 and no SO~ and an area source

indicated by the cross hatched area with emissions per grid cell

equal to 2 gsec tracer and 270 gsec S02 Background concentrashy

tions (B) are set to 00 for all levels and all species The wind

direction remains constant at 270deg for both hours while the wind

speed changes from 30 msec to J 5 msec The stability profile

is unstable to neutral to st1ble the first hour changing to comshy

pletely stable the second hour

C-65

hJ EXAMPLE 110BLEM INPUT FILE

0 z w

II C

C(f)

zc __o_ a

liJ 7 NC C C w fl

J a coo

C

C z

CN 7 rrN

Q bullUHCCO

u - u-gt -~ C lt --- cv

ifI 10 O C 0 0 --CO C

LJ Ii -gt C 0 )- o-- -- 1- - U II

rmiddot Z C 0 cmiddot -C C -0OJrOClt 0 1 0 CC

o= __ l_l lt C C I bull bull

- -- 0 o) 0 I 0 middott ll bull - CO o

J t-)O O C 0

oouu---_ t J bullbullbull

t bullw-ccoc-o ex c-ouu

C 00 D lf 00 r

-Dgt- cooii -- 0 Co-- II U

(bull Cl J--Ln Z _I

r--- 3 0 O C 0 (J 00 0 _ 0 UCO 0 gtlt C c C

o-- C

-0--0-V--Nlf bullNshy bull tfI bull tI t-1 bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ bull -O N c O 00000000 o -D 0r z _ 0 r-- (J- (J (Jo a

t-~t- ----~bull--fl--0- 0-1f-V middot-shy bull-ru bull-tJ bull-- - uI U) -0 a N 0 oc000000ltgtOD

C-66

--------------------u2 EXJMPLE PROBLEM OUTPUT

II N II

ltC r

c-

C

C

C

II 11

r gt C C 0

-

QC

er

0

II gtlt 2

~ C

L 0 Q - 0

C C

Q C

1 C

II

II

C 0 r

)- c

0 C C

v r r II O II

t- z c 0 -~-=-

- J 0 l tr -11 1-C-_O Ogtlt 1--cc lgtO -gt-shy _

C-67

lt 2

L LL lf - x L c C -lti 1- C I - ~ v Ci lti ~ ltt - c _ l --_ X

Z ~ if ltI~ i z

_ _ -- J

bullbull u

_ 1 lt t 1 l J-

laquo

L _ 0

C

laquo 1lt -

C-68

bull bull

---------

bullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull

middotbullbullbull~

bull ltsTUL STAlf flf llfF ~YSTfM bullbull bullbullbull-~~+middot

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oi J 9 I 4 I 0 bull) - - n_w J= fl I J I b 0 -3-1 3 bull l J 7 l P oH n r 0-CP -t- - l J= 0 l 3 I 0 -~-1 1 - J ~ bullbull l 3 0

J= l -

0

1 __j -l

- ~

l l C 1- -

J 3 bull l -~- l t- -2 0 3 l i 3 J - 1 - bulll -1 n 1 J I 0 - l - - I u

SURF~Cf PR T gt T lF- STPllTY

f-ULTIPLTFR 10bull0nDFbull(Imiddot

I I 2 3 u 5 6 I P 9 J I O 20 20 20 20 20 C D Q

J 8 O 20 c 0 middoto 20 ( 20 C J 7 O 20 0 cO P 21l 20 zn J 20 O 20 30 o 3~ J 20 ) J 5 20 C 20 30 30 30 2C 20 bull) J 4 20 20 20 30 a 3) 20 20 20 J 3 20 20 gtQ 20 O 20 20 20 20

- rr -- ~ -

I (- (_ f (_ r_ - _ I

T bullbull J ( I = r t - t ~ - gt

I I

n - ( f - - t rv

I J ~ - I- )

(11r--bull--rI(

- I ~

- tJ _ -- middot _J -~ J bull

~

I

J~rcilt--

(_bull I -- - r1 deg ~ I

- I

7] - 7 -((_ f - - - I r_ f_

I I -c = middot -

I _ r ~ I r(J lJ ----rJfbullt

- bull I I 7 1 ~I bull gt _ J 1

I _ ( bull ( - iI_ - ~bull - r- I lJ I

- I r

--- (_bullrl

I_ J f

rJ

~

I

l=-Jrlbullrr_r~11- tJ-1 rlJ -I lJ (J(J ~

r- 1 bull _ J -I rj _bull I --- _ middotr 1 r-1 J l J t

C f - bull~middot ( deg - r f l I t ( I _ (bull I ( -

4 (_ I 0 I C 0- 0 c ll J r- f -middotbull

4 I 0 I _J

H l II II H II ll U I II 11 11 fl II II 11 11 11 U 11 - ) - J -) _)

V) pound ~ --------

Cmiddotmiddot 8t

II - II

lt II II

middot-middot ll C II

- II 0 H lt II - I (I ii

II Ct II ~bull) 11 - II -- II

lt II II

(f It -c Ii

Ii

~ II Ii

II II

~ 11 r 11

~ II

I I I =- 10 Cgt - C

I I

~ I I CC-ttl-CC I 0 C OfOC

~ I I I -~ II II

II

Lt Jl iJ II L 11 c-

(_l II

~ I_ -middot I - I

I I

gt I_J lt I

ltt 0- I I I

C Cmiddot C

I I

E C I C I NI

O1) I

I I I

--- C _ - - - bullbull

J-c --~-c -

C C -~ - _ C C

I I I I

C I I

0 I

0 1)

I uJ C 0 0

-co~ __

~ c- 0 r---- 0

ll cO - C C 0

lL I- 0

0 -lCOtCflJCO L- 0

0

_ C 0 (J f1 ---N

tICCC-Jl-CC (J C ( C - 0 C C- NC C CON 7 z

II II II x

i _ o o o omiddot - middot o o o x -oo--gtegtoc~ 0 --- C C 000

LL c lt o-occIJi-ru-- 0- a r- 0 n -

c 4

-- C cc C) V LL er

J ~ I

IIUIIIIIIUUUIIII )- gt

-_ X

U II II II JI II II II ti II _

LL 0

-J gt

II II II II II II- -

C-85

--

C c C C

11 II II ti --

C-86

bull (r

bull w

C

l

- I --

C tttr

I I I -

lt

I Ibull

lt -

~ I I

lt I - - IC-

I

I I i I I I

~- I S I_

- I - I

I I I _ _

I I I t l

I I I I I bull -bull

I ~-~ I

lt C

C-87

I

C C

u

C

(__

lt _ II

C C r middotU C

l r-- gt

1 ~ C C

- bull I ~ IJJ

~ -L Cf

T II -

lt Ibull bullbullL gt -_ - 0- 0

c----- ~ ~

3 -lIJ bull C

- C ct bull u If

umiddot _ r-c ~ + bull

(_ I D--

~1 ~ II

1 C --- I I r-shyv gt-

r I bull 0

-(

Wlf gt-(

_ ~- -shyc _ ~ + + +

7 Lr gt-_ middotshyc~ - CY -- I -) bull II J

-c I

r -__

_i ~ l_I w shy u bull 1 ~middot r I 0 t c C -middot ~r-- ltl I

-middot 1 - I I lt( I

I II 11 LI X I

r

- -- C

~v --- u c--- ~ - I-=middotltn~Lu U Ct r Libull

CJ 7 0

u w gt

) _ ~ J I middot7

lt J li1

-middot U I

0 lt(

4 I - C ) 8gt-- I X x -

n- 1 - L

- gt -middot _i u -lt J er

- I - shy--- I v I

shyz lt C Lfbull

lt I J -middot X i I U middoti ~

u -u1 lJ - uo

I I

- 0

7 I 0 2 IL - J N 0 I z I l 01 01 0 a I 3 Q I 0

C-88

C C

I

C

C D

C

I II_ It

u

r

7

C C diams I

LL _

-c laquo --- J J

l ~ -- J l ir lf r- W 1r

laquo r--

r_ (

C bull laquo laquo bull bull laquo laquo ~ ~

bull~- liIJ Jf C middot~bullJr JfJfJbullJ ~ J C -G bull r fbullI) Jbull C)

C C c C -D

laquo II

diams bull

f C t C NclI-CJ

t---

+ Cbull11

c C

~- O

c bull shy~ -pound bull

-

-

I_ J t-

Lr JI

u ti ~=-__ bull lt

O C 1 c gt _ Lr c-r- t r- J r bullI -f ~

~ L

V [ I- - -- bull --c r 0 -r bullI - bull ( J - Ct P- bull( r_ ~OI-_laquo= -icr~

r-Lfbullf

-r ~ ~ bull

r r j JJ v

~ bull laquo bull ~

laquo -bullgtlt lt laquo ~

laquo L-CltLJ_ laquo-laquoLrl(ampfJJLf 3JlttX t J J Ji of ~ r lt -laquo diams ~ laquo

- - -- c -= C C C C C C =- C _ C - C i C C - = C O lt bull~ C C C C llllll-++bull-1- bullbullbull++++ ~~~~~~~~-J~~~----~~-~ ~ j ( C l C C 0- ~ -- ( - -r - _

_ct r- C r J X - I r~ C J _ 3 --~ - middot-- ~ ~ - c- - ~ ~ - r-- ~ - z ~ - ~ ~ E ~ D~c-~c~-2CltY~~~~~==shyt l 0 C t1 t) CC C -- r Lf C --- 0- C - t ~ Lf

t bull bull bull bull bull bull I

--------~---------c=ccec~~~~~cc~~ccco I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t I ~w-~~w~-bull~~w~u~uw~~ X- - =Y _ - - _ c- C - a 7 - X l fJO- -C N f c ~ J c --r I- bullI -j U Igt () r- middotc ctbull 0-0 - -r r f- er CI- rmiddot -o- t-- J rr -o- - Lf 11-xtJifJr--- --rec ~fa c-iD C - - ~bull tl ~ J V - - t - C C - CC CO - D

- - - -- __ - ( ( (_ _ t ~~~if~~~-c~-N~a~if~~~ J J f I I I I I I I I

lt

J

V

gt I I I I I I f I bull I I I I I I I I bull I I

o---~---o=oco~=c~oo~ c~~ccccoccccc~cccccc 4 flflllff-++4 diams +bull-t-flttT

L re )- w

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

- - - ---- - ( -- - -----ccccc~cc~ce~o=ceooo I I I I I I I I I E I I I I I I I I I

gt

IJ

1-J l J ~L LI _I I lamp bullL- ~ LL W LLI ~ U ~ JI lamp i

c~~~~c~~o~c~~a~N-Q~shyc CC -_ -t n t - r-1 c e -e - 1middot c -

gt gt 1 U Wu U _Wu LL U Li u Li 11 Uol w W middot li V- ___-cc(( x1-c~ruo-shy-r- f rJ - C C r X a r - J If ~ C r-- a C(

-shyr 0 - r-1 - - - J J ~ 3 - r f - J Jl N l c~-c-~c--a~~~~-=~~c o tJ v cc c middot o temiddot ~ - lJ tJi -D - o- c- - rv - bullbullbullbull t II bull bullbull f t bull t bull bull 0 I t t o

o-N~~-Or-~--------N~~~ -

C

r- C - Lf) r--- Cmiddot J _ - CJ- r-- fl I -o-- - C - -c J iO- - - 1 I C UIC Cc-o--N~~a~--N-co~com~

EE~~~~~N-~~-N~~S~Q~

_J C J

I I I I I I I I I I

0 u 0 u Cc u w l u ltI ~

N middot-r r pound) _ c 0-u lt

u 0 _ co c-

deg J

V a

C-89

C C

C

II ~

i

C C

-shy

bull

_

c r

I(

(

bull j( - c c r

C I

C

CC

rshy__ r-- c- lt gt

~

-

- _ trbull

-

r

lt

omiddot_ tr

I I I I i I

II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

rmiddot

-

L

I I I I I I I I

u

lt

-7 -middot

bull

J

C

-

_bullbull ~ LImiddot~-

=- -= - - = middot= - -middot C = C middot= C -- I C ~ -

t bullbullbullbullbull

I I I I I

middot ~ --- --= C ( _ C - C

J

r~

c C

I

-middot

I I I I 1 I I j yen

r

t

r

I

r

a

gt

~

--gt-

-

bull

lo L _ _ er

I I

I I

rI

r I I I

I I I I I _ IL I I I I

I I

t lt

_

__

Ct

I 1 I I + J

- f - _ f ( f -- ( -- ---- ) -- r - ~

- - r ~ c- --- --- - ( r _ - - middotr - -- ~ _ - lt __

- 1 -- - (_ -

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I J I

- -_ ( C

bull I I bull-- I - 1- - L L _ U J l L- J I I bullbull 1 ~-

7 -r -middot -middot - - w lt- -middot ~ 0 bullmiddot bull- r - r - - If - C -r- -r

- - f -middot -- -- _ - _Y _ rJ

--1oJ_ - f =~-C -~- _ 1 __ J ~ C - f - - -- -_ - f _

tr 0-

C-90

_

C

C

_

middotr 11 J Lr laquo C C

-~ ~ ~bull-i -l C ~ laquo r

laquo ~ r

f-

-l -

J

v f

bullshyx r

II

bull r

bull ~

bull laquo II bull u

laquo

[

C

bullL

C J

I I I

gt- I I

gt I I --- I t I tr

middotmiddot ~- I gt

I gt- I

I

t ) I -I

C- I _ I Q I Lmiddot _ I - I Cl I II

0 I I ltn I

I~

I I I I

I I I I I Ct

c_

-

J IL

middot- _ - middot- = middot C r - C t t c C ~ -- - - bull middot - -= -- -middot - lt=- - ~ I I I middotI middot+ middot+ bull + bull + + -+ + + + + _ -bull bull_ t i J bull- _ _ bull I L bull~ -middot bullmiddot bull t- ~ t C --- U _ - if - C r-- I J C -_ - r middoti - O r- middotJ middot _ - f J - J

~~---ltKr-~r-l~~c~~~~-- Imiddot - bullf J bull- ~ - r r - _ _ C C - I

- r v ~ f middot i -bull r I-- C - - L ( r _ f I bull bullbull I bull I I I I Ibull f I f I I

~1-lamp-----~~~~~~~~~

C I f t I I I I I I I I I I I I t I I I

lt ( r middot-= C ( cmiddot - r lt r- i- middot bull-bull

+ I I l + bull + + bull + + +- bull +- + -+ + + + 41 lJ JIJ -~ 1 t U _ U l -l bull l 1 Ubull bull~ cn~-ltr~r~-r~r~---~~ C - if -J middotbulln t ~ _ -middot middotJ r C J

_ _ I l t - J f O __ t- middot J r C C - _middotmiddot- bull - tr ~ _ bullmiddot - -- J _ ( C bull-f11f- ~I-- J ~ - J - - J (-

J II -ri

C-91

C

C

II

~ II II ll

laquo II _J II

II II C

V II I

~ II

middotc

II

~

lt II

C

C C bull C C

-4 C laquo rmiddot

-

bull1 II C _ C laquo

C laquo ll C II

II bull C C

C diams i -f

1 11 C ~ _

-= - ltl II C bull gt

ll V It laquo C C o

1-

H

bullcc laquo -~ C

umiddot bull cc-cbull~-- _- --

r II

- II

bullCC --r(CClt ---cmiddot--CS-=-shydiams laquo bull bull bullbull

+c-lt-ccccc-gtlt C cmiddot C ~- bull -ltl

fl bull 41 bull ill (

II II

--i

II II

_-------middotbull - - -1-bull

r i r- --

I i I I

___ __

I I I 1

-------middot----gt C C C

I I I I I I I I

ii II laquo

I I

middot- L l _ J

~ C ~ ~ ~ ~ = r -- Jbull r-- middotmiddot - [ - ( ~ c ~ _ middot rr - I _ - - J C

- r f -

----

~ ~-- ~bull ~ ~

r r f -- 5 - Jmiddot - r

- - ~r-r--

f ~ X f _ middotc ~ l ~ ~- =c ~ ~ ~ - middot C =r C C r- - - -

- _ ~ r a -- c ~ lf X ~- _ C - --= = r ~ -r

II bull I - s = r- f- ~ - -- - ( (1

middot- II II

I ---rrJJf

ltd II

- II __- II l1 _i

II ~ II

_

(I) JI~

~ - I

I

middot I

I

I I I I I t I I I I I t I

= C C _-+ + +

L L t J IJ t_ J 7-~-~i OrLhC --r_ -- - C L r J- _ -- T--t~-=--c 7--shyc-r- ( middot-- middotir -- w (

I ~

- -J

--c -

1 I 1 t r

r r _ _ - _ ( middot ( ~ --(_ - --

Ebull C I C N1 o

VJ I

c

I 6 t I I I I I t I I I bull I I

- - 7 cmiddot C C - - - C -+ I I l I t I I I I I f I I I I

- 1r middotbull _ ~~~~~middot~~~~ - _Jr_~ ~ If~ C- C 0 c - -middot - _ J middot - -~ t _ X if - C - -- _ l~-~=JJCshy -J r i middot J -- ~ v - O - J

I middot- I -- - ~ - - - I _

~ -I

I

) lt

~ I T

U I L _ _ II

C J

r I C -

I I

C-92

C

+

C

II

C C

ltIt bull laquo laquo laquo bull laquo ti laquo - - ( fr I I CClaquo laquo =- C-J I t tJ C C tl ~

bull ~-0 Lf-v- c laquocc J-ir olaquobull~c -c c-cclaquo _ r-- C =- claquo II bull C t 0- - - t C c - -= (bull O middotbull lt - tt C C 41 _ + C I (JClaquolt diams O C bull laquo C C laquo C LI LI C r --- r J ~yenlaquo~ccbullccccc ~bull- iC c~ ~- bull= - tmiddot = ~ C laquo -bull

~ g ~ ~r ~ ~ ~ laquo laquo laquo oil bull 1( bull ~~-~-------~-~~~~~~0 C 0 --cc- CC-middot-=

t r I I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I t I I I I uJ uJ -4J J - w -middot l- __ i J ~ 1bull L middot~ L r 0lt-C ~c~~c--~-~-~~~--c N - II I ~~r~~-zrr~-~-~~~c~~~ r c 1 - I C - t middot- J -C _ ~ C cmiddot - If - - C f _cf_ f I C ( ~ r c ~ c t-- c j - ~ c = - ( ~~c~cr-rr~-~c-~-~~~ I I t ~ =1 ~ I - - t rv- -- middotr t - ~ r

I _ I

I I E I bull t I I C I I t I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

ll I er 1 J pf ~ J tJ nJ J lt-CCC ll I coc-c--cc--cccctmiddotc-cc-ccc I I I I r bull I I t I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

iL ~-Ju ~~~~~~w~~~~~~w~~~~~~0 ~lLffI a 0Ncc-c-~N~N-~r-~~~-shyCl) _( ( i c~~EE~~c-0v~~~~~arr~r r-- -1- lfI ~-~~ro-~~o-~~--~~P Cmiddot co~~~cc~~~c~~~~~-~c~

0- - =t D O~VN~~I~~c-0~-mc-N~1 ~ ~ c-

- t o~-N~-~f-OC~E~~------~ _

~

Q - u J - J

C c u 3 J Q

C-93

~-310 Area Source Deck

If ID0CEM = 0 are1 source deck is not required

The first record of the area source deck defcribes the

number of area sources (stored as NUMASD) and the hour at which

the next area source deck is to be read (storeo as NOWASD) The

format is the same as for the point source data

IS IS

I NUMASD NOWASD

If no area sources are needed for a particular hour set NUtffiSD =

0 and omit the following records If only one set of area source

data is desired for the entire problem set NOWASD gt NUMHRS

For each area source two records are required The

first record contains information on the location of the area

source Each area source is defined as a rectangle whose sides

are an integral number of DX and DY The locations of the lowershy

left corner and the upper-right corner of the area source are reshy

quired to specify the area source The format for this record is

as follows

15 15 15 15

I ILAS IRASt JLAS JRAS

Example

(10 30)

t J

(7 I

31

30 -- -------29 area sou ce

28 I 27 I 6 7 8 9 10

28) I--+

C-52

In this example ILAS - 7 IHAS - 10 JLAS = 28 JHAS = 30

The record would look like this

0 10 20

07 10 28 30

If only one cell is required to specify an area source set ILAS =

IHAS JLAS = JHAS However all data must be entered in this n~shy

cord The second record contains information on the area source

emissions The format of this record is exactly the same as the

point source emissions record (Refer to section 41313 for

further information)

The emissions required for the area source deck are in

grams per second per gric S_ell Thus if the emissions for the

entire area source is~ gsec the emissions per grid cell

r gsecgridcellequal ~ ((HIAS-ILAS + l)middot (JHAS-JLAS + 1))

The variable Eis required as input in this record

A maximum of 50 area sources may be specified

4311 Background Concentration Deck

The background concentration deck allows the user to

specify the spatial distribution of pollutants Those cells not

affected by point or area sources (defined as cellf whose tracer

~oncentrations is less thjn 0001 i1~m3) are assigned concentrashy

tions based on a weighted lr2 interpolation of background conshy

centration values at the particular vertical level Thus the

user must specify the vertical profile for all pollutants at each

site If IDOCEM = 0 the hackground concentration deck is not

required

C-53

The first record of the hi ckground cone en t r1 t ion dee1

describes tbc number of background sites (stored as NUMBCP) and

the hour at which the next background concentration deck is to be

read (stored as NOWBCP) The format is the same for the point

source data

1s NOWBCP

If no background data is needed set NUMRCP and o iit the following

records If only one set of data is needed for the entire problem

set NOWBCP gt NUMHRS If for ex1mplc no data is needed fo-r- the

entire problem (eg if IDOCEM 1 tracer only) set NUMBCP = 0

and NOWBCP NUMHRS + 1

For each backrround concentration data point NZ+ 1

records are required The first record describes the coordinate

location

IS

IS t

IBC JBC

where

IBC is the I-location of the background data

JBC is the J-location of the backRround data

The next NZ records describe the background cortcentrations

of the reactive pollutants for each level starting at K = 1 and

continuing to K = NZ If for example levels K = ~ to K = 6 are

below the surface six blank cards must be inserted to account for

levels K = 1 to K = 6 Every level must be specified The input

on these records varies with the selection of IDOCEM However

all data are read into EBC in a 14F50 format and are in units of

ppm They are specified as follows

C-54

IDOCEM middot- 3 IDOCEM == 6 IDOCEM == 15

EBC (1) S02 N0 2 N02 EBC (2) SOL~ NO NO EBC (3) 03 03

EBC (4) HC (reactive) HCl

EBC (5) HN0 2 IC2

EBC (6) HC3

EBC ( 7)

EBC (8) N205 EBC (9) mw 3 EBC (10) H0 2 EBC (11) HO) EBC (12) H207-EBC (13) ROO

EBC (14) RCOO

EBC (15)

Jf IDOCEM - 3 6 or 15 at least one background concentration data

mi 1st bl~ specified for every K level a rnaxinn1111 of 50 background

concentration data sites may be specified

~312 Global Parameters Data

The global parameter data record specifies spRtially

in-_1niant data required for conversion of emission pjsec to c-r1isshy

~ic111s ppm (the calculation of plume rise and pc1r1rneters needed for

photochemical calculations) If IDOCEM = 0 this record is not

rPq Llired middot Otherwide this record is required each 1our and conshy

cl udes the hour input unit The format of this record is as

follows

Fbull 0 F50 FSO F50 F50

I t t t t TGRND SOLAR PRESR AMBCO AMI-ZO

C-5 5

With the following elobal parameter definitions

TGRND air temperature at the surface 0 c (specify 20deg as a default value)

SOLAR ambient insolation in wattsm2 (needed for photoshychemical simulations)

PRESR ambient atmospheric pressure in millibars (specify 1000 as a default value)

AMBCO ambient carbon monoxide in ppm (required for EPA photochemistry lDOCEM = 15)

AMHZO ambient water vapor concentration in ppm (reshyquired for EPA photochemistry IDOCEM = 15)

C-56

L+ L+ PROGRAM INPUT SUMMARY

Table 6 provides a summary of progrc1m input

C-57

Cgt 0

()l( 0 l(

[ l( l(

(_)U) 0 0 r1n Cl 0

H middoti 1 r D 0 l lJ lI II tJ l(Id

Ii l( I( 1 If [1 Li ll (1 lf lC rJ lJ l( micro tf LJ1 ti gt- H Lfbull-t Ht-middot-) t--i I- 4 0 ~ middot1 ~ I L( HI--[( f---~ 1-1 J t ra t- l (l N fJ I (J (I -i l J CJ rl (J r ---i J (Jr i II

~r microJ

~sr

u11 II tJ H t-()

-f I (J [-

~ t

rt [l t ~ bull r

t 1 n j ---E-lt 1l cl ltct() lt U) middot-J LbulllI l ( ) ~ (i (d Ei (L- 1 ~11 r_

II II (11 H n c Cl middot- r ~~ - Lil ( gt l bull rr l ~ ~ l1jH lL 1- cmiddot

fl] () n r rr_ E bull -t-f-bull 1-gt lrl bull( f bull ( uI t)

()() (1 )r- gt 1J

r Cl [1middot(poundmiddotbull I 1 n

gt- tl l bull middot1 0 ~

i_)middot) [ ltp U) II ~--l Id i -I 1 f rlU rmiddot- r

0 lLl [11 fl V) J middotl

-1 C) 11

(_)

r ~n0 i-~ II ~- gt 1)

[ fil fj

cl o n bullC)II tmiddot-gt- (1 t l CJ () ld f I J __ro rd 1-1

() r t l0 J ( middotf n o t_) hl C) lt_) VJ middotmiddotX r (J U) () C~ I- I o rr 1 + bull( Lrl lt( t -i ( rmiddot 11 ~ bull t bull ~Ul V) ITfrW (_ l bull 1 ~ bull ~i l i vJ middot r bullrnn 1 n l n C) 0

4- () f- -I H r l (J fr) r~ (J ( (l [ ) (1 (bull) Ci)

0 C) (-1 i V) Ct N bull[) (() rl C II II 11 --~ l Lil Cl1 f) 1-middotl I-lt co

() lto ~1~ c J n I

[-J n =- ~ Ci gt-~ ~- (J --iumiddoti

gtmiddot C1gt1- - r1i I- bull

bull-l o bl gtbl(~ - 11 er (_) ~-) gt middot ~ ~ ) r1 ~ - U) bull 0 [) () - ) ~ () u ri --i [cl~

() CJ er~ (J [~Cl~ 01 n (il (1

(_) gt-- 1-l ii c [J

lt ~ II middot ~ X UJ -z t middotIp_ J 0 () Li 0 S [) --i 0 ~J r-1 P-lt gt - er (-lt [) 11 ti) t- II u ~3

- rn i n bull( lol cbull (-J] ~er IT 10-

ld Id ll lt z C T () CJ p - ( ~ ~lt J~ -I C)

r l CJ r i r-1 1--IO C) _ ~ 0 0 0 () - 6 ~-1 bull( 1 -1 middot C) ) -~ () Ormiddot-z L- =~ cr- z

__ E-~ [-lt ~ H0 II II II II II - l~ c 7- C) =----= UJ -~ n bull __ i-- ___ ~ro ~shyE-bullH Cl_ bull t 1 F ~ er - J 1 ~ (l U) -middotJ Q o ~-~ (l) ~ tJ~ ~j H ltr i--l J gtmiddot ) I s vl n c f (J bullE-lt u u () ~ - - u n o 0 (1 () bulll LI) t ) rd fbullJ C [cl ---() lt (J [) m ~rn

0000 0 () () (J - cJ - middotbull-l ~ en fl bull a ltmiddotcgt === u [t FioD middot) () ) Cl(L] i microJ ) co_ CJ rJnnnci on nn(tj f t -bull I-~ I-middot~ r I rbull1 f -1 1 -middot ) t-l I bull H _ 7- 1--1 _ i-~ __E-

U)

tJ n [J (J E- ~1~ z w

(rl [d 0 ~ D 0

u w H lt 0 n u OE~ cr E-bull er gtlt =-~ n Zlt ltC

E-lt 0 rr n - fmiddotbull E--lt (J H () 0 OE--lt

H -- H C)u 0 i [) crz bulli ll microJ n ~-- micro - ltC H Cl H lmiddot-lt E~ n [1 Q C(J z lt )U en

(-lt n _- n n z lt( H 0

b cw lt

w uz 0 ~ ( er

(- -~ olS f-1 [) [) H middot0 rd H lt 0 ltO _

lt P-lt ltC CI) u 0

C-58

5 CAVEATS

This section provides some helpfu1 points on assernbJj_np

the data and interpreting the output

C-59

--

S 1 STEILTTY ASSIGNMT~Tf

Since the stability profile (stored in STAB) alters the

computed wind field it is import to 1ssign the su1bi1 middoti ty layer 1)y

layer such that the intended profile is effected The point to

remember is that the stability of a given layer is assigned to

the top interface of that layer For example if it is desired

to simulate an atmosphere with the third layer stable and all the

other layers unstable the fol lowinr ass ignrnen t must f)e fo 1 J owed

physic3lly assignment

A A ~-

A A --- --middot---

-- A A middot-

A A --

A A

E E

E~+1 A

thus STd3 ( 2) 5

and STAB (3) 5

C-60

52 GRID SIZE

If IMPACT is used to evaluate the effects on air quality

due to point sources the grid size (DX DY) should be equal to or less than the plume width at the surface concentration maximum

If DX or DY is too large the maximum surface concentration will

be smoothed and lower concentration values will be predicted

Typical zone sizes are from 500 to 1000 meters for DX DY and

25 to 100 meters for DZ

C-61

5 3 NUMBER OF SPECIFIED wum SITES

If an excessive number of wind sites are used the asshy

signment of high confidence levels to each site will result in

an unrealistic wind field if the data is not compatable A rule

of thumb for determining the maximum number of ~igh confidence

level wind sites is N = (NXmiddotNY) divided by 40~40 If the

number of wind sites exceeds N reduce the confidence values

assigned to the winct data

C-62

5 4 MYRUP RlNZIERI DIFFUSIVITY MODEL

When using the MyrupRanzieri Model (IDODIF = l) the

user should take care that an inversion base and top are defined

everywhere in the grid That is the stability values go from

less than 45 at the surface to greater than 4J and then to less

than 45 again Otherwise the model may calculate large vertical

diffusivities (limited to 1000 m2 sec) even under stable conditions

when DZmiddotNZ is greater than 500 to 1000 meters The advection

diffusion time step will be limited in these circumstances to 2approximately At= 00008 (DZ) if DZ is equal to 100 meters

then At equal 8 seconds A time step of 8 seconds requires 450

advectiondiffusion cycles per hour which will result in long

run times for multiple-species multiple-hour simulations

C-63

5 5 LOCATION OF PODlT A1D REA SOURCES

Due to the boundary conditions specified for the second

order advectiondiffusion algorithm placing point or area sources

in cells at the edge of the cornputationnJ domain will result in an

over predictibn of pollutant concentrations The user should take

care that all point and area sources are at least one cell removed

from the boundary

i---------r-middot------ -r------r--~ f ) I i 1 bull kbull -+----- -+----i--middotmiddot- middotmiddot--middot~middot-middot middotbull---i

----~+__ i -+-~--Avoid placing I i

sources in the ___________ -----~--l shaded cells _J

i l t L J j L bull l j

i I

C-64

6 0 EXAMPLE PR OBJ EM

A simplified exemplnry problem designed to demonstrate

several of the features and options avnilable in the IMPACT code

is described below Section 61 illustrates the input file and

section 62 is the program output

The problem illustrated below is a grid of dimensions

NX =NY= 9 NZ= 7 DX= 750 DY= 500 DZ= 100 The shaded

area indicates the non-zero terrain (height= 1000 feet) Five

surface roughness data are specified (Z 0 ) although they arc not

required since IDODIF = 3 (DEPICT diffusivity)

9

8

7

t 6 J 5

4

3

z z

2

1 ~_________________z__

s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I~

The problem is to be run for 2 hours with wind and stabilitybull

data specified (wind at w stability at s) each hour Sulfate chem-

istry is selected (IDOCEM = 3) and there is sirnulati~n of both a

point source P with a user-specified 6h and emission equal to

10 gsec tracer 500 gsec S02 and no SO~ and an area source

indicated by the cross hatched area with emissions per grid cell

equal to 2 gsec tracer and 270 gsec S02 Background concentrashy

tions (B) are set to 00 for all levels and all species The wind

direction remains constant at 270deg for both hours while the wind

speed changes from 30 msec to J 5 msec The stability profile

is unstable to neutral to st1ble the first hour changing to comshy

pletely stable the second hour

C-65

hJ EXAMPLE 110BLEM INPUT FILE

0 z w

II C

C(f)

zc __o_ a

liJ 7 NC C C w fl

J a coo

C

C z

CN 7 rrN

Q bullUHCCO

u - u-gt -~ C lt --- cv

ifI 10 O C 0 0 --CO C

LJ Ii -gt C 0 )- o-- -- 1- - U II

rmiddot Z C 0 cmiddot -C C -0OJrOClt 0 1 0 CC

o= __ l_l lt C C I bull bull

- -- 0 o) 0 I 0 middott ll bull - CO o

J t-)O O C 0

oouu---_ t J bullbullbull

t bullw-ccoc-o ex c-ouu

C 00 D lf 00 r

-Dgt- cooii -- 0 Co-- II U

(bull Cl J--Ln Z _I

r--- 3 0 O C 0 (J 00 0 _ 0 UCO 0 gtlt C c C

o-- C

-0--0-V--Nlf bullNshy bull tfI bull tI t-1 bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ bull -O N c O 00000000 o -D 0r z _ 0 r-- (J- (J (Jo a

t-~t- ----~bull--fl--0- 0-1f-V middot-shy bull-ru bull-tJ bull-- - uI U) -0 a N 0 oc000000ltgtOD

C-66

--------------------u2 EXJMPLE PROBLEM OUTPUT

II N II

ltC r

c-

C

C

C

II 11

r gt C C 0

-

QC

er

0

II gtlt 2

~ C

L 0 Q - 0

C C

Q C

1 C

II

II

C 0 r

)- c

0 C C

v r r II O II

t- z c 0 -~-=-

- J 0 l tr -11 1-C-_O Ogtlt 1--cc lgtO -gt-shy _

C-67

lt 2

L LL lf - x L c C -lti 1- C I - ~ v Ci lti ~ ltt - c _ l --_ X

Z ~ if ltI~ i z

_ _ -- J

bullbull u

_ 1 lt t 1 l J-

laquo

L _ 0

C

laquo 1lt -

C-68

bull bull

---------

bullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull

middotbullbullbull~

bull ltsTUL STAlf flf llfF ~YSTfM bullbull bullbullbull-~~+middot

fPA(T T t S l P fJ n fi I f ~

GRTD r-P 1-1 I Jmiddot

TfFhf A~t q (rlLS Jos Ill~~ T-1f_[TJlN ~11H IJfllA ~ If 75(1iM YftllllC A TIIHl fXTlNT tlF t750 bull (IM

l 1~1gt gtlt[ (ti LS j lHF y LTllf[l fl)N ~tlH ~ ntL TA y nv con~M qEL(JNG h TtTAt FJltT[Jl rt ~ltOn o- THJ ~f M~~ 011S rrr 1r I gtfffllr- A nrll Z llf n (I bull n Y t I rlT 11 A T 1T~ I r X T f I I l bull 7on o]

GP Ill 10 I H1 AT l 1

() I

Q ( b7~nn 4~UOP 7ro n)

0 lbulltbullbullmiddotmiddotbullbull~Ajl~A~AAAI~

bull bull

kbullbullbullbull~A~ diams

bullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbulltbullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

+I bull bullbull

J~~bullbullbull~~middotmiddot~bullbullbullAAA~A+~ttbull~ diams

1)1 o~ 011) +~

bullbull bull- bull -

- ()

c

CL C

(

r r

cshy u -shyC er

C

u lt o~ z

- 0

ex _ f

lt 1

U gtshyc

()

0

C _ C

-shyi

u shyZI () )

I C I I

ltI ltgt I wl CL I

c

w r

u

w r

I 0 0

u C_ I JJ- Z I

I u er I

I 0 ~ I

I - - I I c a U I

C u _ ()

w C w a

C-70

CCC

C _

-- IJJ

~ C lt w 0

a a 4J co

4- gt w gtgtlt C Cl er

QC= L1J

z - l V V

CC C C C c

C cmiddot

u w

~t N

oc - C C

C

X lt lt Cbull C T z z CC 0

~- V CC C W~2 -- co a-

u ltl gt gt -t I lt lt a -- a

l -_

en v a _ _ -z _ c C

lo- bullbullbull -- CC

=-

a w u

l t l w

lI

l

wli6J W ~ za - -o Q 0 = 0 0

lt C

= 0 gtO-gt

_ - - - C N bull bull bull bull bull

C O Co-

n lt(

w I V a I w

I I I w z r

--o-- gt-J

r I JJ () of I J

ltl er I

a ----a-o-11 0 u

z _ 0

0 z

w w

I-

C-71

C C

II

-middot lt gt

i

C

C ~ bull bull laquo bull laquo laquo ~ ~ ~ bull ~ laquo ~ ~ C C ~ = C C C ~ ~ laquocccc---cclaquoc bullCCCCCCCCC-t laquo C bull- bull bull_ -middot ~ C lt- ltmiddot - r 11cccccrccclaquo bull---c __ _u laquoCCC CCCtrt fl_= -c-=-laquo laquo C C C _~ C laquo _ laquoccc ccclaquolt bullccc c-ltcbullgt bull C C C C C C laquo laquoccotcc-middotc~ bull cc- -0( C C

ccci C C C C c C C laquo r

- - CC- C ~ laquo -rc-ccc--=rbullx laquocccoc-c ~ fl ii laquo 1 bull +

-----~~~~~~~n~nnn~~c~=~~=acoo~~==~~~=~shy++++ +- +1- + -++ diams lt1- + I ibull Jbull L J -~ I ~ ~- gt_

I - C) C ( - f r n (J r r - r r T --shy

o cc c - - ~~ca c ~ ~ ~ ~ = ~ ~ ~ J 0 I -C C r ( =- - lt ( X - r a r - c

]

-f

_ c

C C C

c C C

bull C C

-=- -

(Jt-0-~c---~ ~ r- ~ - lt~c~-cn-~~~r-n~r~rc

- tt middot- c r- c--

a J I I I I I I I I bullbull I I t I I I I r _ t cc-_ cc-==

~------~NNN~~~~~~~~~ CCCCCCCltCCC CO - - CC +++-+++bull-+

i Imiddot_ II u -_WII _i_bull L i i _ - 1 1 ubull Ubull l_

C LL C

cc --c-- ~ ~ c

o~~~~o~-~~~~~~~~~~~~ C

u r

ccocc---r--CCta middottc--r- crmN-O~~c~-r~~-~~~~ncNr~~~mo-~~-~T~~~cr~~shy

C C c

c f C f 0 C bull ~~ rJ ~ lJI C i_ - __ f - X C tC CCC CCC CC

C - r J 0 T-- Cl ~_ - -- - - - _ J n rJ J 1J II

r O LL

c u a C lt( Cgt

a - 0-0--ctrlI-

0 - a

O w

J gt i

U U II 11 11 11 II Ii II 11__JJ----

C-72

~ C ~ C C O C C lt r

LfrCCCllCmiddotC C

ltC 1C-CCrllOOC er a uJ llcccccoco-

c rvoooooocicc - N

-ccccooocc

tr0t---DIJlfrllfJ-5 )

11 II II It ll ti N It II II w ) _-- u

C-73

C I

C

C

C

- 0 CC yen C C lt- -9 c

r_ r

I -yen I u- r_ yen

ii ~ Ui I diams h it - ( c cu bull Cc tc bullr c cc Jt fl - c- 0 0- 0- middotshy lt bull tr c X r lf bullgt

-f -c ~ pound j bull f tr bull i

-tt-middotbull - er bull I - ~

laquo ( r

- - - -middot - -middot - - - - - - - - - -- _ -middot ~ C -cltcmiddotc_-~c

I I I I I t I I I i I I I I I I 1 I +

-i I u J ] J LI 1- J _ _ middot _ - - _ -

lt r imiddot - _ i- r ~- c lt cmiddot - -- - c - ~

- lt c cmiddot o ltmiddot ~ -- - --_middot lt -_- ~ -- - - - ~ -=-c~CCO -cc -cmiddotc-shymiddotf f =- r c 1 0 u ~r -- r - _ -

-middot I- I C rr C I I-- - C C J C middot ~ rbull I -C - U I J r f ~ I -

I - I c I _ I J

I - 1middot I i I I I I I I I J I I I f I I I I I I

- Ir ) iJ

_- I _ I cc-ccc-cc=c-c -cr- I I I 1 I I t I I ~ l I I I I I I t I I I I I -y I

I Jbull L _ I 1 bull 1 1 __ _ _ 1 _ v 1 Ia u I I

bull I =- t C = lt 7 C - bull C bull (bull lt C 0 C _ C I v- _ I C - (middot - C r r C C C _- C r-_ C ( - C lt 1middot C lt -~ I middot= c Cmiddot ~ - - = -r - r i _ J cmiddot I ~ I C f _middot J C- J [ f ( If middotmiddot f = f C J _ C

) I r - r J _ - C cf 0- 1 -- -middot f - I

CO I II I

- I

C I I - I I I - - -~ I tJ rll II bullJ -

Clt I UIO I I L I r - I

U I u -- I l I 0- I I - I

Clt I er I I U II II 11 11 11 II 11 11 11~

u I - ) ~ 1 ) -gt ~ ) - -

gt bull rr bullbull bull z bull _ _ bull V) bull laquo

z - l bull

-

bullf

C

-_ middot - --~ _

V

L

lt

r middot [ _

lt - r - I ( - J c-

- bullr

_ middot

C-75

r

-

1

bull bull

bull laquo

V

T C

-

er

J

V

-- lC

r

CL C

Le C

-

~ C 7 Cbull

laquo w

z LL C Cle

~ u laquo Q

gt ltI laquo laquo laquo

bull laquobulllaquobull laquo

laquo

laquo

7

C r

J C

X u lt(

CC- C

CC-

V) - 0 r J

-w

r

z -

l -

JN

z -

C

z

z

L

u ltXl

t

-_ c C = -- - ltf - C r_

CCC C CC

-iccc_cc C-

ltGCCCCCC

z -

lt i - l i J ~ J ~ - ~ a

- =-middot + - + ~ J w C _- C 0

Q C- C C C 0 lt( c=cc0 0 - C C c lt

-gt oc o-=

0 _J 11 11 11 U It l 0 w V

- ~ w i I-- (t Ct

lt - ) tr ~ (l ~

~ltV) VJ J I O - u J -d I l r ~- CC f l1 U D U f C I_ Z

-11 -w--~ I O UZ Z

2 i -1 u ~ 11--0 J er tr ashy~ i 1 i ~v- ltt q

C-76

I

_

gt C

bull C I I - II _

l -L -

+ bull

II

JJ

V II J bull -

Cmiddot = - bull I _shy

Ibull x 1

l r II

0- C 11 middot-bullbull lt C

r C

C _Jc II

- + J1-L gt bull-1---

~ G ~ --

bull C C r- I

LL C If

t IIlaquo~__-t

(1 + bull - r C fl

lt u lu Urbull

C

c

I

_ r- C a V c cmiddot cbull + + +

~ I W i_ ~~1 I

ui -l IO gt-middot -U r---

Ct --

o C C C

- _J ~ f lt r -l- bull w

V

r C

z I

~ middot ~ 1 J bull ~

u I II

gtlt I I _J

Le I bull~

tf

~

--_middot)

II

i

l

~ I j_jLl Ct - I CtmiddotC i ct I J

I f U _ ) I=gt 7-

shy u omiddot

gt 0

J r - i Igtlt X - I-~ Ll - C- I _ L IX J er 1) C C t I 1 C ~ Li

o J h bull

lt i_

Ll Ilt w I~

I l Un c I Z I

I

-0

2 -= J J 0

shy

al I Jr I 0 n

C-77

SURFACF PLnr OF IJ Vf1_0CyiY____ ______ __ C[1 cf n U9 I f Vr L ~

PLOT (HAP TltT[iVAL

n nooon0Fbullno - l7[bullJSbullj

JJ4JltJF-Oj - l21F-11 3ug_3l=-n1 - ~ ~ 1- i- - ~

5 bull I IJ S F - 0 l - h A~gt~ l ~i_ r 1 2 h bull gt- h 7 c - 1) l - 11 gt 1 oltJ le -

gtllt7ol3E-1 - 1 bull n 2 fllt 1middot + n n 3 t oct1S1+f)O - l I qQ93f + 1 (

1 rqg1-_+00 - t~~i-bullv 4 t3713~+01) - l bull S 1J 2 7 l t ~

14(7H+n0 - I bull 7 t 1J I u f +-1 C 5 I bull l I lC + 0 0 - 11likle bull0bull1

llH1[F 00 - c0ltJl)l bull00 b 2nSlnF+0) - bull fl jll [ bull ~ 0

2 i 1 tl IJI t middot) - t ~l9fh +( 0 7 bull S-i1 -~ + ( U - bull t T I Hi_ -+ ~ 1

lHF+Ol - bull 7 J f +- shy

I z 74270 qo - bull I) I IJ t t + J 2 bull q l ltl 1 F + 0 11 - 3H5-1lt hllt

q 3-uHSuE n1 - 3)thncr ~rr

$2-ln45F_l1 - ~1H~- rri() I

--J OJ

SURFACF PLC flF V VELbulll~ll

(IJll1l IJVLLS

PLOT CHA9 1 1 [ lt J Al

0 -~ll[t77f-~I - -1-1 ~SoQf bullr I -6 13gtngtF-11 -s J ~ 1 1~ - bull) 1

I - bull I - 31 ~ ~ - 1 1 - bull 7 71 I bull r 1 -u717bull-~1 - t1 ntJ0 0sr -r

2 - u bull O1 u SF - r1 l - 11OP middot 7 t - 1) l -34~c1f-~1 - -27z1oh~F-11

3 - 2 bull 1 h F - 1 l - -nolt01F-1 - z 0 ltl F - I) - -1h3r-r1

Q -1 333-11 -k A 1~t~ -r -6tlgt2F-n bull gto()t~~i=-h

5 21101lt1zE-01gt - 1gtll17oPl-o u111 lnbullf-02 - 11middotqof-01

I l36YQ~middot-n1 - 2 0 0 lt I) H - l I 204gtn7-11 - 27gtn75f-nt

7 272b7F-)I - LJolltIIE-01 3401i3[-01 - O 0ltl0 I If - I

I lt1oqo11i-01 - U7771fbull0 471179-01 - 50107pound-01

q 5 bull 4 i 3 Q 7 F - l I - gtbullI 3c 1 lt[ bull11 I

Jlil1t-11tct-fbull-l1ti111t--

lt bull h~QC) 77 ooor7

bull flbull 77 0 nn 77 l~t10 r 7 7 bull RPQQ JIO middot~bullAtA~-~ttibullt~j v AX Imiddot V ~ L F I bull 1 II -r 7 F diams 0 C ~middot r 1-J r bullr i Ai_ I 1t ~ () 11 1 fl I (I- middotj bull

~~ ~bull~bulltbull bullltltltlt~ bull lti ltlt

5S)Ch(CC J Ii

- rlc

bull i lt - lt gt 4 ~ 1111 5i ltClti

LI 0 0 lt)tlltl)C-lt

bull lt-iS ltltltlt bull scsijcc) bull ~ i cltc bullltlt

bull-tbulli11bullw11Jr+ ~ bullbull 1~t111

~Xlllll_VAltgtf 1lltnHgtF-01 middot 1 ( r ~ t 1~ v A - bull c =- n A 1 1 r - (1 1

C C

C C

J

shy i

C

+ u Le C C

~ + laquo laquo ~ laquo ~ ~ bull -k ~ C laquo C C ( C C C C C -k C _ C - C C C yen C fl( C C C lt- C C ( ( o1ot

+cc-cr--c __ -cc-cccc~middotcc fl CO 1middot C C _CC C C C C- 4ic ~ bull cmiddot CCC_ -1 CC c ( c cmiddot bull c~ =middot - Cc C tmiddot ltI

~ C C r -- ( C gt C c C ( 1(CClt CCCC rcc~ ccc

bull laquo laquo bull

tc O J C 0

CCC

( -C r r C Cmiddot J J I J r v L r L

-L-=-

-fl

fl f( J

bull laquo II bull J bullmiddot lt bullbullgt

~-- C C bull- C c_ C C bull__gt-cmiddot--~c-c

41

r- 0 - 0-

C C C CC C- bull 7 C C

+ laquo C ~

C _- C -ti laquo

-1 ~ l

laquo bull

C laquo

O bull laquo

-= C - +

C lt

C r C c r r C 7 C C - C - _ middot + + +-++-+t-++

-

~ C - C- - _ - - - _ -middot - - - - -c --_ r_ middot 1 C _-- - C Cmiddot o C +++++ diams~ -t++-+++

- - -bull-w-~-~~~-~-~-w~~ r I -X - J ( ~ - l -L C 0 _ CC

C - c- - - - ~ Jbull Cu 1shy ~r =- r - t C _I r_ - - ~~ _bull

- ~ r C lfmiddot (

-- r--

t J C t-- a

~ cmiddot rmiddot -L- C r - t C ~ C

-~~~~~--r-~~cc~~~~~ poundA~~c~~c~~~~~cooc-shyc--~-=~~~nN~poundS~N~~o ~pound~C~~~c~~~VpoundKOC-N

(lJ n gt -

I I I t I f t I 8 I I I I I I I I I t r gt I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t I r

C C +

C C C + T

C -

C C ltbull ( -tbull

C ~ C + ~

c 4 +

C - C rmiddot + +

C ~

-4-

diams

r +

lt

-+

-C diams

- ~ C C-+ _

JJ C C - C - - -middot ccC(Clt ltccc-ccccc-= +++bullbull++++bull++bull+ + +

i ~ LL -i -Lbull U lL l_ LI LI J 1 i _middot J middot U J I o c -- c =1 r- c middot gt o cmiddot cmiddot middot- -- -= ccrcccc r_-_c-l ~c- --0 ( = 0 -- C) _ gt - 0 _ _ r_ ~ - - -

C f C f C r C l f C U ~ Jbull ~ C If ro--~N~~~7~~~~~~~~~

C

l

gt w J

U _ i ~ LI II i LL LU~ IIbull U I __ WU C C bull 0- IJmiddot 1 0 - C C = - If ( ~ f C - t C CX ~ - ~ f - r-- l C ( r- ~ 0 o~~~~D-O~D~-r~~oshyc~--N~~~=occN~poundKCN~~ o~pound~cN~Go~~~r~~ooshy

I I C z

bull bull bull bull bull I bull bull bull~-N~~~~o--------NN

j

I c J a _ shy

JC r I - u

u I

ltC 0 C

I

C -

C -

V) a Q

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bull ~-0 Lf-v- c laquocc J-ir olaquobull~c -c c-cclaquo _ r-- C =- claquo II bull C t 0- - - t C c - -= (bull O middotbull lt - tt C C 41 _ + C I (JClaquolt diams O C bull laquo C C laquo C LI LI C r --- r J ~yenlaquo~ccbullccccc ~bull- iC c~ ~- bull= - tmiddot = ~ C laquo -bull

~ g ~ ~r ~ ~ ~ laquo laquo laquo oil bull 1( bull ~~-~-------~-~~~~~~0 C 0 --cc- CC-middot-=

t r I I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I t I I I I uJ uJ -4J J - w -middot l- __ i J ~ 1bull L middot~ L r 0lt-C ~c~~c--~-~-~~~--c N - II I ~~r~~-zrr~-~-~~~c~~~ r c 1 - I C - t middot- J -C _ ~ C cmiddot - If - - C f _cf_ f I C ( ~ r c ~ c t-- c j - ~ c = - ( ~~c~cr-rr~-~c-~-~~~ I I t ~ =1 ~ I - - t rv- -- middotr t - ~ r

I _ I

I I E I bull t I I C I I t I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

ll I er 1 J pf ~ J tJ nJ J lt-CCC ll I coc-c--cc--cccctmiddotc-cc-ccc I I I I r bull I I t I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

iL ~-Ju ~~~~~~w~~~~~~w~~~~~~0 ~lLffI a 0Ncc-c-~N~N-~r-~~~-shyCl) _( ( i c~~EE~~c-0v~~~~~arr~r r-- -1- lfI ~-~~ro-~~o-~~--~~P Cmiddot co~~~cc~~~c~~~~~-~c~

0- - =t D O~VN~~I~~c-0~-mc-N~1 ~ ~ c-

- t o~-N~-~f-OC~E~~------~ _

~

Q - u J - J

C c u 3 J Q

C-93

In this example ILAS - 7 IHAS - 10 JLAS = 28 JHAS = 30

The record would look like this

0 10 20

07 10 28 30

If only one cell is required to specify an area source set ILAS =

IHAS JLAS = JHAS However all data must be entered in this n~shy

cord The second record contains information on the area source

emissions The format of this record is exactly the same as the

point source emissions record (Refer to section 41313 for

further information)

The emissions required for the area source deck are in

grams per second per gric S_ell Thus if the emissions for the

entire area source is~ gsec the emissions per grid cell

r gsecgridcellequal ~ ((HIAS-ILAS + l)middot (JHAS-JLAS + 1))

The variable Eis required as input in this record

A maximum of 50 area sources may be specified

4311 Background Concentration Deck

The background concentration deck allows the user to

specify the spatial distribution of pollutants Those cells not

affected by point or area sources (defined as cellf whose tracer

~oncentrations is less thjn 0001 i1~m3) are assigned concentrashy

tions based on a weighted lr2 interpolation of background conshy

centration values at the particular vertical level Thus the

user must specify the vertical profile for all pollutants at each

site If IDOCEM = 0 the hackground concentration deck is not

required

C-53

The first record of the hi ckground cone en t r1 t ion dee1

describes tbc number of background sites (stored as NUMBCP) and

the hour at which the next background concentration deck is to be

read (stored as NOWBCP) The format is the same for the point

source data

1s NOWBCP

If no background data is needed set NUMRCP and o iit the following

records If only one set of data is needed for the entire problem

set NOWBCP gt NUMHRS If for ex1mplc no data is needed fo-r- the

entire problem (eg if IDOCEM 1 tracer only) set NUMBCP = 0

and NOWBCP NUMHRS + 1

For each backrround concentration data point NZ+ 1

records are required The first record describes the coordinate

location

IS

IS t

IBC JBC

where

IBC is the I-location of the background data

JBC is the J-location of the backRround data

The next NZ records describe the background cortcentrations

of the reactive pollutants for each level starting at K = 1 and

continuing to K = NZ If for example levels K = ~ to K = 6 are

below the surface six blank cards must be inserted to account for

levels K = 1 to K = 6 Every level must be specified The input

on these records varies with the selection of IDOCEM However

all data are read into EBC in a 14F50 format and are in units of

ppm They are specified as follows

C-54

IDOCEM middot- 3 IDOCEM == 6 IDOCEM == 15

EBC (1) S02 N0 2 N02 EBC (2) SOL~ NO NO EBC (3) 03 03

EBC (4) HC (reactive) HCl

EBC (5) HN0 2 IC2

EBC (6) HC3

EBC ( 7)

EBC (8) N205 EBC (9) mw 3 EBC (10) H0 2 EBC (11) HO) EBC (12) H207-EBC (13) ROO

EBC (14) RCOO

EBC (15)

Jf IDOCEM - 3 6 or 15 at least one background concentration data

mi 1st bl~ specified for every K level a rnaxinn1111 of 50 background

concentration data sites may be specified

~312 Global Parameters Data

The global parameter data record specifies spRtially

in-_1niant data required for conversion of emission pjsec to c-r1isshy

~ic111s ppm (the calculation of plume rise and pc1r1rneters needed for

photochemical calculations) If IDOCEM = 0 this record is not

rPq Llired middot Otherwide this record is required each 1our and conshy

cl udes the hour input unit The format of this record is as

follows

Fbull 0 F50 FSO F50 F50

I t t t t TGRND SOLAR PRESR AMBCO AMI-ZO

C-5 5

With the following elobal parameter definitions

TGRND air temperature at the surface 0 c (specify 20deg as a default value)

SOLAR ambient insolation in wattsm2 (needed for photoshychemical simulations)

PRESR ambient atmospheric pressure in millibars (specify 1000 as a default value)

AMBCO ambient carbon monoxide in ppm (required for EPA photochemistry lDOCEM = 15)

AMHZO ambient water vapor concentration in ppm (reshyquired for EPA photochemistry IDOCEM = 15)

C-56

L+ L+ PROGRAM INPUT SUMMARY

Table 6 provides a summary of progrc1m input

C-57

Cgt 0

()l( 0 l(

[ l( l(

(_)U) 0 0 r1n Cl 0

H middoti 1 r D 0 l lJ lI II tJ l(Id

Ii l( I( 1 If [1 Li ll (1 lf lC rJ lJ l( micro tf LJ1 ti gt- H Lfbull-t Ht-middot-) t--i I- 4 0 ~ middot1 ~ I L( HI--[( f---~ 1-1 J t ra t- l (l N fJ I (J (I -i l J CJ rl (J r ---i J (Jr i II

~r microJ

~sr

u11 II tJ H t-()

-f I (J [-

~ t

rt [l t ~ bull r

t 1 n j ---E-lt 1l cl ltct() lt U) middot-J LbulllI l ( ) ~ (i (d Ei (L- 1 ~11 r_

II II (11 H n c Cl middot- r ~~ - Lil ( gt l bull rr l ~ ~ l1jH lL 1- cmiddot

fl] () n r rr_ E bull -t-f-bull 1-gt lrl bull( f bull ( uI t)

()() (1 )r- gt 1J

r Cl [1middot(poundmiddotbull I 1 n

gt- tl l bull middot1 0 ~

i_)middot) [ ltp U) II ~--l Id i -I 1 f rlU rmiddot- r

0 lLl [11 fl V) J middotl

-1 C) 11

(_)

r ~n0 i-~ II ~- gt 1)

[ fil fj

cl o n bullC)II tmiddot-gt- (1 t l CJ () ld f I J __ro rd 1-1

() r t l0 J ( middotf n o t_) hl C) lt_) VJ middotmiddotX r (J U) () C~ I- I o rr 1 + bull( Lrl lt( t -i ( rmiddot 11 ~ bull t bull ~Ul V) ITfrW (_ l bull 1 ~ bull ~i l i vJ middot r bullrnn 1 n l n C) 0

4- () f- -I H r l (J fr) r~ (J ( (l [ ) (1 (bull) Ci)

0 C) (-1 i V) Ct N bull[) (() rl C II II 11 --~ l Lil Cl1 f) 1-middotl I-lt co

() lto ~1~ c J n I

[-J n =- ~ Ci gt-~ ~- (J --iumiddoti

gtmiddot C1gt1- - r1i I- bull

bull-l o bl gtbl(~ - 11 er (_) ~-) gt middot ~ ~ ) r1 ~ - U) bull 0 [) () - ) ~ () u ri --i [cl~

() CJ er~ (J [~Cl~ 01 n (il (1

(_) gt-- 1-l ii c [J

lt ~ II middot ~ X UJ -z t middotIp_ J 0 () Li 0 S [) --i 0 ~J r-1 P-lt gt - er (-lt [) 11 ti) t- II u ~3

- rn i n bull( lol cbull (-J] ~er IT 10-

ld Id ll lt z C T () CJ p - ( ~ ~lt J~ -I C)

r l CJ r i r-1 1--IO C) _ ~ 0 0 0 () - 6 ~-1 bull( 1 -1 middot C) ) -~ () Ormiddot-z L- =~ cr- z

__ E-~ [-lt ~ H0 II II II II II - l~ c 7- C) =----= UJ -~ n bull __ i-- ___ ~ro ~shyE-bullH Cl_ bull t 1 F ~ er - J 1 ~ (l U) -middotJ Q o ~-~ (l) ~ tJ~ ~j H ltr i--l J gtmiddot ) I s vl n c f (J bullE-lt u u () ~ - - u n o 0 (1 () bulll LI) t ) rd fbullJ C [cl ---() lt (J [) m ~rn

0000 0 () () (J - cJ - middotbull-l ~ en fl bull a ltmiddotcgt === u [t FioD middot) () ) Cl(L] i microJ ) co_ CJ rJnnnci on nn(tj f t -bull I-~ I-middot~ r I rbull1 f -1 1 -middot ) t-l I bull H _ 7- 1--1 _ i-~ __E-

U)

tJ n [J (J E- ~1~ z w

(rl [d 0 ~ D 0

u w H lt 0 n u OE~ cr E-bull er gtlt =-~ n Zlt ltC

E-lt 0 rr n - fmiddotbull E--lt (J H () 0 OE--lt

H -- H C)u 0 i [) crz bulli ll microJ n ~-- micro - ltC H Cl H lmiddot-lt E~ n [1 Q C(J z lt )U en

(-lt n _- n n z lt( H 0

b cw lt

w uz 0 ~ ( er

(- -~ olS f-1 [) [) H middot0 rd H lt 0 ltO _

lt P-lt ltC CI) u 0

C-58

5 CAVEATS

This section provides some helpfu1 points on assernbJj_np

the data and interpreting the output

C-59

--

S 1 STEILTTY ASSIGNMT~Tf

Since the stability profile (stored in STAB) alters the

computed wind field it is import to 1ssign the su1bi1 middoti ty layer 1)y

layer such that the intended profile is effected The point to

remember is that the stability of a given layer is assigned to

the top interface of that layer For example if it is desired

to simulate an atmosphere with the third layer stable and all the

other layers unstable the fol lowinr ass ignrnen t must f)e fo 1 J owed

physic3lly assignment

A A ~-

A A --- --middot---

-- A A middot-

A A --

A A

E E

E~+1 A

thus STd3 ( 2) 5

and STAB (3) 5

C-60

52 GRID SIZE

If IMPACT is used to evaluate the effects on air quality

due to point sources the grid size (DX DY) should be equal to or less than the plume width at the surface concentration maximum

If DX or DY is too large the maximum surface concentration will

be smoothed and lower concentration values will be predicted

Typical zone sizes are from 500 to 1000 meters for DX DY and

25 to 100 meters for DZ

C-61

5 3 NUMBER OF SPECIFIED wum SITES

If an excessive number of wind sites are used the asshy

signment of high confidence levels to each site will result in

an unrealistic wind field if the data is not compatable A rule

of thumb for determining the maximum number of ~igh confidence

level wind sites is N = (NXmiddotNY) divided by 40~40 If the

number of wind sites exceeds N reduce the confidence values

assigned to the winct data

C-62

5 4 MYRUP RlNZIERI DIFFUSIVITY MODEL

When using the MyrupRanzieri Model (IDODIF = l) the

user should take care that an inversion base and top are defined

everywhere in the grid That is the stability values go from

less than 45 at the surface to greater than 4J and then to less

than 45 again Otherwise the model may calculate large vertical

diffusivities (limited to 1000 m2 sec) even under stable conditions

when DZmiddotNZ is greater than 500 to 1000 meters The advection

diffusion time step will be limited in these circumstances to 2approximately At= 00008 (DZ) if DZ is equal to 100 meters

then At equal 8 seconds A time step of 8 seconds requires 450

advectiondiffusion cycles per hour which will result in long

run times for multiple-species multiple-hour simulations

C-63

5 5 LOCATION OF PODlT A1D REA SOURCES

Due to the boundary conditions specified for the second

order advectiondiffusion algorithm placing point or area sources

in cells at the edge of the cornputationnJ domain will result in an

over predictibn of pollutant concentrations The user should take

care that all point and area sources are at least one cell removed

from the boundary

i---------r-middot------ -r------r--~ f ) I i 1 bull kbull -+----- -+----i--middotmiddot- middotmiddot--middot~middot-middot middotbull---i

----~+__ i -+-~--Avoid placing I i

sources in the ___________ -----~--l shaded cells _J

i l t L J j L bull l j

i I

C-64

6 0 EXAMPLE PR OBJ EM

A simplified exemplnry problem designed to demonstrate

several of the features and options avnilable in the IMPACT code

is described below Section 61 illustrates the input file and

section 62 is the program output

The problem illustrated below is a grid of dimensions

NX =NY= 9 NZ= 7 DX= 750 DY= 500 DZ= 100 The shaded

area indicates the non-zero terrain (height= 1000 feet) Five

surface roughness data are specified (Z 0 ) although they arc not

required since IDODIF = 3 (DEPICT diffusivity)

9

8

7

t 6 J 5

4

3

z z

2

1 ~_________________z__

s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I~

The problem is to be run for 2 hours with wind and stabilitybull

data specified (wind at w stability at s) each hour Sulfate chem-

istry is selected (IDOCEM = 3) and there is sirnulati~n of both a

point source P with a user-specified 6h and emission equal to

10 gsec tracer 500 gsec S02 and no SO~ and an area source

indicated by the cross hatched area with emissions per grid cell

equal to 2 gsec tracer and 270 gsec S02 Background concentrashy

tions (B) are set to 00 for all levels and all species The wind

direction remains constant at 270deg for both hours while the wind

speed changes from 30 msec to J 5 msec The stability profile

is unstable to neutral to st1ble the first hour changing to comshy

pletely stable the second hour

C-65

hJ EXAMPLE 110BLEM INPUT FILE

0 z w

II C

C(f)

zc __o_ a

liJ 7 NC C C w fl

J a coo

C

C z

CN 7 rrN

Q bullUHCCO

u - u-gt -~ C lt --- cv

ifI 10 O C 0 0 --CO C

LJ Ii -gt C 0 )- o-- -- 1- - U II

rmiddot Z C 0 cmiddot -C C -0OJrOClt 0 1 0 CC

o= __ l_l lt C C I bull bull

- -- 0 o) 0 I 0 middott ll bull - CO o

J t-)O O C 0

oouu---_ t J bullbullbull

t bullw-ccoc-o ex c-ouu

C 00 D lf 00 r

-Dgt- cooii -- 0 Co-- II U

(bull Cl J--Ln Z _I

r--- 3 0 O C 0 (J 00 0 _ 0 UCO 0 gtlt C c C

o-- C

-0--0-V--Nlf bullNshy bull tfI bull tI t-1 bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ bull -O N c O 00000000 o -D 0r z _ 0 r-- (J- (J (Jo a

t-~t- ----~bull--fl--0- 0-1f-V middot-shy bull-ru bull-tJ bull-- - uI U) -0 a N 0 oc000000ltgtOD

C-66

--------------------u2 EXJMPLE PROBLEM OUTPUT

II N II

ltC r

c-

C

C

C

II 11

r gt C C 0

-

QC

er

0

II gtlt 2

~ C

L 0 Q - 0

C C

Q C

1 C

II

II

C 0 r

)- c

0 C C

v r r II O II

t- z c 0 -~-=-

- J 0 l tr -11 1-C-_O Ogtlt 1--cc lgtO -gt-shy _

C-67

lt 2

L LL lf - x L c C -lti 1- C I - ~ v Ci lti ~ ltt - c _ l --_ X

Z ~ if ltI~ i z

_ _ -- J

bullbull u

_ 1 lt t 1 l J-

laquo

L _ 0

C

laquo 1lt -

C-68

bull bull

---------

bullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull

middotbullbullbull~

bull ltsTUL STAlf flf llfF ~YSTfM bullbull bullbullbull-~~+middot

fPA(T T t S l P fJ n fi I f ~

GRTD r-P 1-1 I Jmiddot

TfFhf A~t q (rlLS Jos Ill~~ T-1f_[TJlN ~11H IJfllA ~ If 75(1iM YftllllC A TIIHl fXTlNT tlF t750 bull (IM

l 1~1gt gtlt[ (ti LS j lHF y LTllf[l fl)N ~tlH ~ ntL TA y nv con~M qEL(JNG h TtTAt FJltT[Jl rt ~ltOn o- THJ ~f M~~ 011S rrr 1r I gtfffllr- A nrll Z llf n (I bull n Y t I rlT 11 A T 1T~ I r X T f I I l bull 7on o]

GP Ill 10 I H1 AT l 1

() I

Q ( b7~nn 4~UOP 7ro n)

0 lbulltbullbullmiddotmiddotbullbull~Ajl~A~AAAI~

bull bull

kbullbullbullbull~A~ diams

bullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbulltbullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

+I bull bullbull

J~~bullbullbull~~middotmiddot~bullbullbullAAA~A+~ttbull~ diams

1)1 o~ 011) +~

bullbull bull- bull -

- ()

c

CL C

(

r r

cshy u -shyC er

C

u lt o~ z

- 0

ex _ f

lt 1

U gtshyc

()

0

C _ C

-shyi

u shyZI () )

I C I I

ltI ltgt I wl CL I

c

w r

u

w r

I 0 0

u C_ I JJ- Z I

I u er I

I 0 ~ I

I - - I I c a U I

C u _ ()

w C w a

C-70

CCC

C _

-- IJJ

~ C lt w 0

a a 4J co

4- gt w gtgtlt C Cl er

QC= L1J

z - l V V

CC C C C c

C cmiddot

u w

~t N

oc - C C

C

X lt lt Cbull C T z z CC 0

~- V CC C W~2 -- co a-

u ltl gt gt -t I lt lt a -- a

l -_

en v a _ _ -z _ c C

lo- bullbullbull -- CC

=-

a w u

l t l w

lI

l

wli6J W ~ za - -o Q 0 = 0 0

lt C

= 0 gtO-gt

_ - - - C N bull bull bull bull bull

C O Co-

n lt(

w I V a I w

I I I w z r

--o-- gt-J

r I JJ () of I J

ltl er I

a ----a-o-11 0 u

z _ 0

0 z

w w

I-

C-71

C C

II

-middot lt gt

i

C

C ~ bull bull laquo bull laquo laquo ~ ~ ~ bull ~ laquo ~ ~ C C ~ = C C C ~ ~ laquocccc---cclaquoc bullCCCCCCCCC-t laquo C bull- bull bull_ -middot ~ C lt- ltmiddot - r 11cccccrccclaquo bull---c __ _u laquoCCC CCCtrt fl_= -c-=-laquo laquo C C C _~ C laquo _ laquoccc ccclaquolt bullccc c-ltcbullgt bull C C C C C C laquo laquoccotcc-middotc~ bull cc- -0( C C

ccci C C C C c C C laquo r

- - CC- C ~ laquo -rc-ccc--=rbullx laquocccoc-c ~ fl ii laquo 1 bull +

-----~~~~~~~n~nnn~~c~=~~=acoo~~==~~~=~shy++++ +- +1- + -++ diams lt1- + I ibull Jbull L J -~ I ~ ~- gt_

I - C) C ( - f r n (J r r - r r T --shy

o cc c - - ~~ca c ~ ~ ~ ~ = ~ ~ ~ J 0 I -C C r ( =- - lt ( X - r a r - c

]

-f

_ c

C C C

c C C

bull C C

-=- -

(Jt-0-~c---~ ~ r- ~ - lt~c~-cn-~~~r-n~r~rc

- tt middot- c r- c--

a J I I I I I I I I bullbull I I t I I I I r _ t cc-_ cc-==

~------~NNN~~~~~~~~~ CCCCCCCltCCC CO - - CC +++-+++bull-+

i Imiddot_ II u -_WII _i_bull L i i _ - 1 1 ubull Ubull l_

C LL C

cc --c-- ~ ~ c

o~~~~o~-~~~~~~~~~~~~ C

u r

ccocc---r--CCta middottc--r- crmN-O~~c~-r~~-~~~~ncNr~~~mo-~~-~T~~~cr~~shy

C C c

c f C f 0 C bull ~~ rJ ~ lJI C i_ - __ f - X C tC CCC CCC CC

C - r J 0 T-- Cl ~_ - -- - - - _ J n rJ J 1J II

r O LL

c u a C lt( Cgt

a - 0-0--ctrlI-

0 - a

O w

J gt i

U U II 11 11 11 II Ii II 11__JJ----

C-72

~ C ~ C C O C C lt r

LfrCCCllCmiddotC C

ltC 1C-CCrllOOC er a uJ llcccccoco-

c rvoooooocicc - N

-ccccooocc

tr0t---DIJlfrllfJ-5 )

11 II II It ll ti N It II II w ) _-- u

C-73

C I

C

C

C

- 0 CC yen C C lt- -9 c

r_ r

I -yen I u- r_ yen

ii ~ Ui I diams h it - ( c cu bull Cc tc bullr c cc Jt fl - c- 0 0- 0- middotshy lt bull tr c X r lf bullgt

-f -c ~ pound j bull f tr bull i

-tt-middotbull - er bull I - ~

laquo ( r

- - - -middot - -middot - - - - - - - - - -- _ -middot ~ C -cltcmiddotc_-~c

I I I I I t I I I i I I I I I I 1 I +

-i I u J ] J LI 1- J _ _ middot _ - - _ -

lt r imiddot - _ i- r ~- c lt cmiddot - -- - c - ~

- lt c cmiddot o ltmiddot ~ -- - --_middot lt -_- ~ -- - - - ~ -=-c~CCO -cc -cmiddotc-shymiddotf f =- r c 1 0 u ~r -- r - _ -

-middot I- I C rr C I I-- - C C J C middot ~ rbull I -C - U I J r f ~ I -

I - I c I _ I J

I - 1middot I i I I I I I I I J I I I f I I I I I I

- Ir ) iJ

_- I _ I cc-ccc-cc=c-c -cr- I I I 1 I I t I I ~ l I I I I I I t I I I I I -y I

I Jbull L _ I 1 bull 1 1 __ _ _ 1 _ v 1 Ia u I I

bull I =- t C = lt 7 C - bull C bull (bull lt C 0 C _ C I v- _ I C - (middot - C r r C C C _- C r-_ C ( - C lt 1middot C lt -~ I middot= c Cmiddot ~ - - = -r - r i _ J cmiddot I ~ I C f _middot J C- J [ f ( If middotmiddot f = f C J _ C

) I r - r J _ - C cf 0- 1 -- -middot f - I

CO I II I

- I

C I I - I I I - - -~ I tJ rll II bullJ -

Clt I UIO I I L I r - I

U I u -- I l I 0- I I - I

Clt I er I I U II II 11 11 11 II 11 11 11~

u I - ) ~ 1 ) -gt ~ ) - -

gt bull rr bullbull bull z bull _ _ bull V) bull laquo

z - l bull

-

bullf

C

-_ middot - --~ _

V

L

lt

r middot [ _

lt - r - I ( - J c-

- bullr

_ middot

C-75

r

-

1

bull bull

bull laquo

V

T C

-

er

J

V

-- lC

r

CL C

Le C

-

~ C 7 Cbull

laquo w

z LL C Cle

~ u laquo Q

gt ltI laquo laquo laquo

bull laquobulllaquobull laquo

laquo

laquo

7

C r

J C

X u lt(

CC- C

CC-

V) - 0 r J

-w

r

z -

l -

JN

z -

C

z

z

L

u ltXl

t

-_ c C = -- - ltf - C r_

CCC C CC

-iccc_cc C-

ltGCCCCCC

z -

lt i - l i J ~ J ~ - ~ a

- =-middot + - + ~ J w C _- C 0

Q C- C C C 0 lt( c=cc0 0 - C C c lt

-gt oc o-=

0 _J 11 11 11 U It l 0 w V

- ~ w i I-- (t Ct

lt - ) tr ~ (l ~

~ltV) VJ J I O - u J -d I l r ~- CC f l1 U D U f C I_ Z

-11 -w--~ I O UZ Z

2 i -1 u ~ 11--0 J er tr ashy~ i 1 i ~v- ltt q

C-76

I

_

gt C

bull C I I - II _

l -L -

+ bull

II

JJ

V II J bull -

Cmiddot = - bull I _shy

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r- C - Lf) r--- Cmiddot J _ - CJ- r-- fl I -o-- - C - -c J iO- - - 1 I C UIC Cc-o--N~~a~--N-co~com~

EE~~~~~N-~~-N~~S~Q~

_J C J

I I I I I I I I I I

0 u 0 u Cc u w l u ltI ~

N middot-r r pound) _ c 0-u lt

u 0 _ co c-

deg J

V a

C-89

C C

C

II ~

i

C C

-shy

bull

_

c r

I(

(

bull j( - c c r

C I

C

CC

rshy__ r-- c- lt gt

~

-

- _ trbull

-

r

lt

omiddot_ tr

I I I I i I

II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

rmiddot

-

L

I I I I I I I I

u

lt

-7 -middot

bull

J

C

-

_bullbull ~ LImiddot~-

=- -= - - = middot= - -middot C = C middot= C -- I C ~ -

t bullbullbullbullbull

I I I I I

middot ~ --- --= C ( _ C - C

J

r~

c C

I

-middot

I I I I 1 I I j yen

r

t

r

I

r

a

gt

~

--gt-

-

bull

lo L _ _ er

I I

I I

rI

r I I I

I I I I I _ IL I I I I

I I

t lt

_

__

Ct

I 1 I I + J

- f - _ f ( f -- ( -- ---- ) -- r - ~

- - r ~ c- --- --- - ( r _ - - middotr - -- ~ _ - lt __

- 1 -- - (_ -

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I J I

- -_ ( C

bull I I bull-- I - 1- - L L _ U J l L- J I I bullbull 1 ~-

7 -r -middot -middot - - w lt- -middot ~ 0 bullmiddot bull- r - r - - If - C -r- -r

- - f -middot -- -- _ - _Y _ rJ

--1oJ_ - f =~-C -~- _ 1 __ J ~ C - f - - -- -_ - f _

tr 0-

C-90

_

C

C

_

middotr 11 J Lr laquo C C

-~ ~ ~bull-i -l C ~ laquo r

laquo ~ r

f-

-l -

J

v f

bullshyx r

II

bull r

bull ~

bull laquo II bull u

laquo

[

C

bullL

C J

I I I

gt- I I

gt I I --- I t I tr

middotmiddot ~- I gt

I gt- I

I

t ) I -I

C- I _ I Q I Lmiddot _ I - I Cl I II

0 I I ltn I

I~

I I I I

I I I I I Ct

c_

-

J IL

middot- _ - middot- = middot C r - C t t c C ~ -- - - bull middot - -= -- -middot - lt=- - ~ I I I middotI middot+ middot+ bull + bull + + -+ + + + + _ -bull bull_ t i J bull- _ _ bull I L bull~ -middot bullmiddot bull t- ~ t C --- U _ - if - C r-- I J C -_ - r middoti - O r- middotJ middot _ - f J - J

~~---ltKr-~r-l~~c~~~~-- Imiddot - bullf J bull- ~ - r r - _ _ C C - I

- r v ~ f middot i -bull r I-- C - - L ( r _ f I bull bullbull I bull I I I I Ibull f I f I I

~1-lamp-----~~~~~~~~~

C I f t I I I I I I I I I I I I t I I I

lt ( r middot-= C ( cmiddot - r lt r- i- middot bull-bull

+ I I l + bull + + bull + + +- bull +- + -+ + + + 41 lJ JIJ -~ 1 t U _ U l -l bull l 1 Ubull bull~ cn~-ltr~r~-r~r~---~~ C - if -J middotbulln t ~ _ -middot middotJ r C J

_ _ I l t - J f O __ t- middot J r C C - _middotmiddot- bull - tr ~ _ bullmiddot - -- J _ ( C bull-f11f- ~I-- J ~ - J - - J (-

J II -ri

C-91

C

C

II

~ II II ll

laquo II _J II

II II C

V II I

~ II

middotc

II

~

lt II

C

C C bull C C

-4 C laquo rmiddot

-

bull1 II C _ C laquo

C laquo ll C II

II bull C C

C diams i -f

1 11 C ~ _

-= - ltl II C bull gt

ll V It laquo C C o

1-

H

bullcc laquo -~ C

umiddot bull cc-cbull~-- _- --

r II

- II

bullCC --r(CClt ---cmiddot--CS-=-shydiams laquo bull bull bullbull

+c-lt-ccccc-gtlt C cmiddot C ~- bull -ltl

fl bull 41 bull ill (

II II

--i

II II

_-------middotbull - - -1-bull

r i r- --

I i I I

___ __

I I I 1

-------middot----gt C C C

I I I I I I I I

ii II laquo

I I

middot- L l _ J

~ C ~ ~ ~ ~ = r -- Jbull r-- middotmiddot - [ - ( ~ c ~ _ middot rr - I _ - - J C

- r f -

----

~ ~-- ~bull ~ ~

r r f -- 5 - Jmiddot - r

- - ~r-r--

f ~ X f _ middotc ~ l ~ ~- =c ~ ~ ~ - middot C =r C C r- - - -

- _ ~ r a -- c ~ lf X ~- _ C - --= = r ~ -r

II bull I - s = r- f- ~ - -- - ( (1

middot- II II

I ---rrJJf

ltd II

- II __- II l1 _i

II ~ II

_

(I) JI~

~ - I

I

middot I

I

I I I I I t I I I I I t I

= C C _-+ + +

L L t J IJ t_ J 7-~-~i OrLhC --r_ -- - C L r J- _ -- T--t~-=--c 7--shyc-r- ( middot-- middotir -- w (

I ~

- -J

--c -

1 I 1 t r

r r _ _ - _ ( middot ( ~ --(_ - --

Ebull C I C N1 o

VJ I

c

I 6 t I I I I I t I I I bull I I

- - 7 cmiddot C C - - - C -+ I I l I t I I I I I f I I I I

- 1r middotbull _ ~~~~~middot~~~~ - _Jr_~ ~ If~ C- C 0 c - -middot - _ J middot - -~ t _ X if - C - -- _ l~-~=JJCshy -J r i middot J -- ~ v - O - J

I middot- I -- - ~ - - - I _

~ -I

I

) lt

~ I T

U I L _ _ II

C J

r I C -

I I

C-92

C

+

C

II

C C

ltIt bull laquo laquo laquo bull laquo ti laquo - - ( fr I I CClaquo laquo =- C-J I t tJ C C tl ~

bull ~-0 Lf-v- c laquocc J-ir olaquobull~c -c c-cclaquo _ r-- C =- claquo II bull C t 0- - - t C c - -= (bull O middotbull lt - tt C C 41 _ + C I (JClaquolt diams O C bull laquo C C laquo C LI LI C r --- r J ~yenlaquo~ccbullccccc ~bull- iC c~ ~- bull= - tmiddot = ~ C laquo -bull

~ g ~ ~r ~ ~ ~ laquo laquo laquo oil bull 1( bull ~~-~-------~-~~~~~~0 C 0 --cc- CC-middot-=

t r I I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I t I I I I uJ uJ -4J J - w -middot l- __ i J ~ 1bull L middot~ L r 0lt-C ~c~~c--~-~-~~~--c N - II I ~~r~~-zrr~-~-~~~c~~~ r c 1 - I C - t middot- J -C _ ~ C cmiddot - If - - C f _cf_ f I C ( ~ r c ~ c t-- c j - ~ c = - ( ~~c~cr-rr~-~c-~-~~~ I I t ~ =1 ~ I - - t rv- -- middotr t - ~ r

I _ I

I I E I bull t I I C I I t I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

ll I er 1 J pf ~ J tJ nJ J lt-CCC ll I coc-c--cc--cccctmiddotc-cc-ccc I I I I r bull I I t I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

iL ~-Ju ~~~~~~w~~~~~~w~~~~~~0 ~lLffI a 0Ncc-c-~N~N-~r-~~~-shyCl) _( ( i c~~EE~~c-0v~~~~~arr~r r-- -1- lfI ~-~~ro-~~o-~~--~~P Cmiddot co~~~cc~~~c~~~~~-~c~

0- - =t D O~VN~~I~~c-0~-mc-N~1 ~ ~ c-

- t o~-N~-~f-OC~E~~------~ _

~

Q - u J - J

C c u 3 J Q

C-93

The first record of the hi ckground cone en t r1 t ion dee1

describes tbc number of background sites (stored as NUMBCP) and

the hour at which the next background concentration deck is to be

read (stored as NOWBCP) The format is the same for the point

source data

1s NOWBCP

If no background data is needed set NUMRCP and o iit the following

records If only one set of data is needed for the entire problem

set NOWBCP gt NUMHRS If for ex1mplc no data is needed fo-r- the

entire problem (eg if IDOCEM 1 tracer only) set NUMBCP = 0

and NOWBCP NUMHRS + 1

For each backrround concentration data point NZ+ 1

records are required The first record describes the coordinate

location

IS

IS t

IBC JBC

where

IBC is the I-location of the background data

JBC is the J-location of the backRround data

The next NZ records describe the background cortcentrations

of the reactive pollutants for each level starting at K = 1 and

continuing to K = NZ If for example levels K = ~ to K = 6 are

below the surface six blank cards must be inserted to account for

levels K = 1 to K = 6 Every level must be specified The input

on these records varies with the selection of IDOCEM However

all data are read into EBC in a 14F50 format and are in units of

ppm They are specified as follows

C-54

IDOCEM middot- 3 IDOCEM == 6 IDOCEM == 15

EBC (1) S02 N0 2 N02 EBC (2) SOL~ NO NO EBC (3) 03 03

EBC (4) HC (reactive) HCl

EBC (5) HN0 2 IC2

EBC (6) HC3

EBC ( 7)

EBC (8) N205 EBC (9) mw 3 EBC (10) H0 2 EBC (11) HO) EBC (12) H207-EBC (13) ROO

EBC (14) RCOO

EBC (15)

Jf IDOCEM - 3 6 or 15 at least one background concentration data

mi 1st bl~ specified for every K level a rnaxinn1111 of 50 background

concentration data sites may be specified

~312 Global Parameters Data

The global parameter data record specifies spRtially

in-_1niant data required for conversion of emission pjsec to c-r1isshy

~ic111s ppm (the calculation of plume rise and pc1r1rneters needed for

photochemical calculations) If IDOCEM = 0 this record is not

rPq Llired middot Otherwide this record is required each 1our and conshy

cl udes the hour input unit The format of this record is as

follows

Fbull 0 F50 FSO F50 F50

I t t t t TGRND SOLAR PRESR AMBCO AMI-ZO

C-5 5

With the following elobal parameter definitions

TGRND air temperature at the surface 0 c (specify 20deg as a default value)

SOLAR ambient insolation in wattsm2 (needed for photoshychemical simulations)

PRESR ambient atmospheric pressure in millibars (specify 1000 as a default value)

AMBCO ambient carbon monoxide in ppm (required for EPA photochemistry lDOCEM = 15)

AMHZO ambient water vapor concentration in ppm (reshyquired for EPA photochemistry IDOCEM = 15)

C-56

L+ L+ PROGRAM INPUT SUMMARY

Table 6 provides a summary of progrc1m input

C-57

Cgt 0

()l( 0 l(

[ l( l(

(_)U) 0 0 r1n Cl 0

H middoti 1 r D 0 l lJ lI II tJ l(Id

Ii l( I( 1 If [1 Li ll (1 lf lC rJ lJ l( micro tf LJ1 ti gt- H Lfbull-t Ht-middot-) t--i I- 4 0 ~ middot1 ~ I L( HI--[( f---~ 1-1 J t ra t- l (l N fJ I (J (I -i l J CJ rl (J r ---i J (Jr i II

~r microJ

~sr

u11 II tJ H t-()

-f I (J [-

~ t

rt [l t ~ bull r

t 1 n j ---E-lt 1l cl ltct() lt U) middot-J LbulllI l ( ) ~ (i (d Ei (L- 1 ~11 r_

II II (11 H n c Cl middot- r ~~ - Lil ( gt l bull rr l ~ ~ l1jH lL 1- cmiddot

fl] () n r rr_ E bull -t-f-bull 1-gt lrl bull( f bull ( uI t)

()() (1 )r- gt 1J

r Cl [1middot(poundmiddotbull I 1 n

gt- tl l bull middot1 0 ~

i_)middot) [ ltp U) II ~--l Id i -I 1 f rlU rmiddot- r

0 lLl [11 fl V) J middotl

-1 C) 11

(_)

r ~n0 i-~ II ~- gt 1)

[ fil fj

cl o n bullC)II tmiddot-gt- (1 t l CJ () ld f I J __ro rd 1-1

() r t l0 J ( middotf n o t_) hl C) lt_) VJ middotmiddotX r (J U) () C~ I- I o rr 1 + bull( Lrl lt( t -i ( rmiddot 11 ~ bull t bull ~Ul V) ITfrW (_ l bull 1 ~ bull ~i l i vJ middot r bullrnn 1 n l n C) 0

4- () f- -I H r l (J fr) r~ (J ( (l [ ) (1 (bull) Ci)

0 C) (-1 i V) Ct N bull[) (() rl C II II 11 --~ l Lil Cl1 f) 1-middotl I-lt co

() lto ~1~ c J n I

[-J n =- ~ Ci gt-~ ~- (J --iumiddoti

gtmiddot C1gt1- - r1i I- bull

bull-l o bl gtbl(~ - 11 er (_) ~-) gt middot ~ ~ ) r1 ~ - U) bull 0 [) () - ) ~ () u ri --i [cl~

() CJ er~ (J [~Cl~ 01 n (il (1

(_) gt-- 1-l ii c [J

lt ~ II middot ~ X UJ -z t middotIp_ J 0 () Li 0 S [) --i 0 ~J r-1 P-lt gt - er (-lt [) 11 ti) t- II u ~3

- rn i n bull( lol cbull (-J] ~er IT 10-

ld Id ll lt z C T () CJ p - ( ~ ~lt J~ -I C)

r l CJ r i r-1 1--IO C) _ ~ 0 0 0 () - 6 ~-1 bull( 1 -1 middot C) ) -~ () Ormiddot-z L- =~ cr- z

__ E-~ [-lt ~ H0 II II II II II - l~ c 7- C) =----= UJ -~ n bull __ i-- ___ ~ro ~shyE-bullH Cl_ bull t 1 F ~ er - J 1 ~ (l U) -middotJ Q o ~-~ (l) ~ tJ~ ~j H ltr i--l J gtmiddot ) I s vl n c f (J bullE-lt u u () ~ - - u n o 0 (1 () bulll LI) t ) rd fbullJ C [cl ---() lt (J [) m ~rn

0000 0 () () (J - cJ - middotbull-l ~ en fl bull a ltmiddotcgt === u [t FioD middot) () ) Cl(L] i microJ ) co_ CJ rJnnnci on nn(tj f t -bull I-~ I-middot~ r I rbull1 f -1 1 -middot ) t-l I bull H _ 7- 1--1 _ i-~ __E-

U)

tJ n [J (J E- ~1~ z w

(rl [d 0 ~ D 0

u w H lt 0 n u OE~ cr E-bull er gtlt =-~ n Zlt ltC

E-lt 0 rr n - fmiddotbull E--lt (J H () 0 OE--lt

H -- H C)u 0 i [) crz bulli ll microJ n ~-- micro - ltC H Cl H lmiddot-lt E~ n [1 Q C(J z lt )U en

(-lt n _- n n z lt( H 0

b cw lt

w uz 0 ~ ( er

(- -~ olS f-1 [) [) H middot0 rd H lt 0 ltO _

lt P-lt ltC CI) u 0

C-58

5 CAVEATS

This section provides some helpfu1 points on assernbJj_np

the data and interpreting the output

C-59

--

S 1 STEILTTY ASSIGNMT~Tf

Since the stability profile (stored in STAB) alters the

computed wind field it is import to 1ssign the su1bi1 middoti ty layer 1)y

layer such that the intended profile is effected The point to

remember is that the stability of a given layer is assigned to

the top interface of that layer For example if it is desired

to simulate an atmosphere with the third layer stable and all the

other layers unstable the fol lowinr ass ignrnen t must f)e fo 1 J owed

physic3lly assignment

A A ~-

A A --- --middot---

-- A A middot-

A A --

A A

E E

E~+1 A

thus STd3 ( 2) 5

and STAB (3) 5

C-60

52 GRID SIZE

If IMPACT is used to evaluate the effects on air quality

due to point sources the grid size (DX DY) should be equal to or less than the plume width at the surface concentration maximum

If DX or DY is too large the maximum surface concentration will

be smoothed and lower concentration values will be predicted

Typical zone sizes are from 500 to 1000 meters for DX DY and

25 to 100 meters for DZ

C-61

5 3 NUMBER OF SPECIFIED wum SITES

If an excessive number of wind sites are used the asshy

signment of high confidence levels to each site will result in

an unrealistic wind field if the data is not compatable A rule

of thumb for determining the maximum number of ~igh confidence

level wind sites is N = (NXmiddotNY) divided by 40~40 If the

number of wind sites exceeds N reduce the confidence values

assigned to the winct data

C-62

5 4 MYRUP RlNZIERI DIFFUSIVITY MODEL

When using the MyrupRanzieri Model (IDODIF = l) the

user should take care that an inversion base and top are defined

everywhere in the grid That is the stability values go from

less than 45 at the surface to greater than 4J and then to less

than 45 again Otherwise the model may calculate large vertical

diffusivities (limited to 1000 m2 sec) even under stable conditions

when DZmiddotNZ is greater than 500 to 1000 meters The advection

diffusion time step will be limited in these circumstances to 2approximately At= 00008 (DZ) if DZ is equal to 100 meters

then At equal 8 seconds A time step of 8 seconds requires 450

advectiondiffusion cycles per hour which will result in long

run times for multiple-species multiple-hour simulations

C-63

5 5 LOCATION OF PODlT A1D REA SOURCES

Due to the boundary conditions specified for the second

order advectiondiffusion algorithm placing point or area sources

in cells at the edge of the cornputationnJ domain will result in an

over predictibn of pollutant concentrations The user should take

care that all point and area sources are at least one cell removed

from the boundary

i---------r-middot------ -r------r--~ f ) I i 1 bull kbull -+----- -+----i--middotmiddot- middotmiddot--middot~middot-middot middotbull---i

----~+__ i -+-~--Avoid placing I i

sources in the ___________ -----~--l shaded cells _J

i l t L J j L bull l j

i I

C-64

6 0 EXAMPLE PR OBJ EM

A simplified exemplnry problem designed to demonstrate

several of the features and options avnilable in the IMPACT code

is described below Section 61 illustrates the input file and

section 62 is the program output

The problem illustrated below is a grid of dimensions

NX =NY= 9 NZ= 7 DX= 750 DY= 500 DZ= 100 The shaded

area indicates the non-zero terrain (height= 1000 feet) Five

surface roughness data are specified (Z 0 ) although they arc not

required since IDODIF = 3 (DEPICT diffusivity)

9

8

7

t 6 J 5

4

3

z z

2

1 ~_________________z__

s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I~

The problem is to be run for 2 hours with wind and stabilitybull

data specified (wind at w stability at s) each hour Sulfate chem-

istry is selected (IDOCEM = 3) and there is sirnulati~n of both a

point source P with a user-specified 6h and emission equal to

10 gsec tracer 500 gsec S02 and no SO~ and an area source

indicated by the cross hatched area with emissions per grid cell

equal to 2 gsec tracer and 270 gsec S02 Background concentrashy

tions (B) are set to 00 for all levels and all species The wind

direction remains constant at 270deg for both hours while the wind

speed changes from 30 msec to J 5 msec The stability profile

is unstable to neutral to st1ble the first hour changing to comshy

pletely stable the second hour

C-65

hJ EXAMPLE 110BLEM INPUT FILE

0 z w

II C

C(f)

zc __o_ a

liJ 7 NC C C w fl

J a coo

C

C z

CN 7 rrN

Q bullUHCCO

u - u-gt -~ C lt --- cv

ifI 10 O C 0 0 --CO C

LJ Ii -gt C 0 )- o-- -- 1- - U II

rmiddot Z C 0 cmiddot -C C -0OJrOClt 0 1 0 CC

o= __ l_l lt C C I bull bull

- -- 0 o) 0 I 0 middott ll bull - CO o

J t-)O O C 0

oouu---_ t J bullbullbull

t bullw-ccoc-o ex c-ouu

C 00 D lf 00 r

-Dgt- cooii -- 0 Co-- II U

(bull Cl J--Ln Z _I

r--- 3 0 O C 0 (J 00 0 _ 0 UCO 0 gtlt C c C

o-- C

-0--0-V--Nlf bullNshy bull tfI bull tI t-1 bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ bull -O N c O 00000000 o -D 0r z _ 0 r-- (J- (J (Jo a

t-~t- ----~bull--fl--0- 0-1f-V middot-shy bull-ru bull-tJ bull-- - uI U) -0 a N 0 oc000000ltgtOD

C-66

--------------------u2 EXJMPLE PROBLEM OUTPUT

II N II

ltC r

c-

C

C

C

II 11

r gt C C 0

-

QC

er

0

II gtlt 2

~ C

L 0 Q - 0

C C

Q C

1 C

II

II

C 0 r

)- c

0 C C

v r r II O II

t- z c 0 -~-=-

- J 0 l tr -11 1-C-_O Ogtlt 1--cc lgtO -gt-shy _

C-67

lt 2

L LL lf - x L c C -lti 1- C I - ~ v Ci lti ~ ltt - c _ l --_ X

Z ~ if ltI~ i z

_ _ -- J

bullbull u

_ 1 lt t 1 l J-

laquo

L _ 0

C

laquo 1lt -

C-68

bull bull

---------

bullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull

middotbullbullbull~

bull ltsTUL STAlf flf llfF ~YSTfM bullbull bullbullbull-~~+middot

fPA(T T t S l P fJ n fi I f ~

GRTD r-P 1-1 I Jmiddot

TfFhf A~t q (rlLS Jos Ill~~ T-1f_[TJlN ~11H IJfllA ~ If 75(1iM YftllllC A TIIHl fXTlNT tlF t750 bull (IM

l 1~1gt gtlt[ (ti LS j lHF y LTllf[l fl)N ~tlH ~ ntL TA y nv con~M qEL(JNG h TtTAt FJltT[Jl rt ~ltOn o- THJ ~f M~~ 011S rrr 1r I gtfffllr- A nrll Z llf n (I bull n Y t I rlT 11 A T 1T~ I r X T f I I l bull 7on o]

GP Ill 10 I H1 AT l 1

() I

Q ( b7~nn 4~UOP 7ro n)

0 lbulltbullbullmiddotmiddotbullbull~Ajl~A~AAAI~

bull bull

kbullbullbullbull~A~ diams

bullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbulltbullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

+I bull bullbull

J~~bullbullbull~~middotmiddot~bullbullbullAAA~A+~ttbull~ diams

1)1 o~ 011) +~

bullbull bull- bull -

- ()

c

CL C

(

r r

cshy u -shyC er

C

u lt o~ z

- 0

ex _ f

lt 1

U gtshyc

()

0

C _ C

-shyi

u shyZI () )

I C I I

ltI ltgt I wl CL I

c

w r

u

w r

I 0 0

u C_ I JJ- Z I

I u er I

I 0 ~ I

I - - I I c a U I

C u _ ()

w C w a

C-70

CCC

C _

-- IJJ

~ C lt w 0

a a 4J co

4- gt w gtgtlt C Cl er

QC= L1J

z - l V V

CC C C C c

C cmiddot

u w

~t N

oc - C C

C

X lt lt Cbull C T z z CC 0

~- V CC C W~2 -- co a-

u ltl gt gt -t I lt lt a -- a

l -_

en v a _ _ -z _ c C

lo- bullbullbull -- CC

=-

a w u

l t l w

lI

l

wli6J W ~ za - -o Q 0 = 0 0

lt C

= 0 gtO-gt

_ - - - C N bull bull bull bull bull

C O Co-

n lt(

w I V a I w

I I I w z r

--o-- gt-J

r I JJ () of I J

ltl er I

a ----a-o-11 0 u

z _ 0

0 z

w w

I-

C-71

C C

II

-middot lt gt

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C I I

0 I

0 1)

I uJ C 0 0

-co~ __

~ c- 0 r---- 0

ll cO - C C 0

lL I- 0

0 -lCOtCflJCO L- 0

0

_ C 0 (J f1 ---N

tICCC-Jl-CC (J C ( C - 0 C C- NC C CON 7 z

II II II x

i _ o o o omiddot - middot o o o x -oo--gtegtoc~ 0 --- C C 000

LL c lt o-occIJi-ru-- 0- a r- 0 n -

c 4

-- C cc C) V LL er

J ~ I

IIUIIIIIIUUUIIII )- gt

-_ X

U II II II JI II II II ti II _

LL 0

-J gt

II II II II II II- -

C-85

--

C c C C

11 II II ti --

C-86

bull (r

bull w

C

l

- I --

C tttr

I I I -

lt

I Ibull

lt -

~ I I

lt I - - IC-

I

I I i I I I

~- I S I_

- I - I

I I I _ _

I I I t l

I I I I I bull -bull

I ~-~ I

lt C

C-87

I

C C

u

C

(__

lt _ II

C C r middotU C

l r-- gt

1 ~ C C

- bull I ~ IJJ

~ -L Cf

T II -

lt Ibull bullbullL gt -_ - 0- 0

c----- ~ ~

3 -lIJ bull C

- C ct bull u If

umiddot _ r-c ~ + bull

(_ I D--

~1 ~ II

1 C --- I I r-shyv gt-

r I bull 0

-(

Wlf gt-(

_ ~- -shyc _ ~ + + +

7 Lr gt-_ middotshyc~ - CY -- I -) bull II J

-c I

r -__

_i ~ l_I w shy u bull 1 ~middot r I 0 t c C -middot ~r-- ltl I

-middot 1 - I I lt( I

I II 11 LI X I

r

- -- C

~v --- u c--- ~ - I-=middotltn~Lu U Ct r Libull

CJ 7 0

u w gt

) _ ~ J I middot7

lt J li1

-middot U I

0 lt(

4 I - C ) 8gt-- I X x -

n- 1 - L

- gt -middot _i u -lt J er

- I - shy--- I v I

shyz lt C Lfbull

lt I J -middot X i I U middoti ~

u -u1 lJ - uo

I I

- 0

7 I 0 2 IL - J N 0 I z I l 01 01 0 a I 3 Q I 0

C-88

C C

I

C

C D

C

I II_ It

u

r

7

C C diams I

LL _

-c laquo --- J J

l ~ -- J l ir lf r- W 1r

laquo r--

r_ (

C bull laquo laquo bull bull laquo laquo ~ ~

bull~- liIJ Jf C middot~bullJr JfJfJbullJ ~ J C -G bull r fbullI) Jbull C)

C C c C -D

laquo II

diams bull

f C t C NclI-CJ

t---

+ Cbull11

c C

~- O

c bull shy~ -pound bull

-

-

I_ J t-

Lr JI

u ti ~=-__ bull lt

O C 1 c gt _ Lr c-r- t r- J r bullI -f ~

~ L

V [ I- - -- bull --c r 0 -r bullI - bull ( J - Ct P- bull( r_ ~OI-_laquo= -icr~

r-Lfbullf

-r ~ ~ bull

r r j JJ v

~ bull laquo bull ~

laquo -bullgtlt lt laquo ~

laquo L-CltLJ_ laquo-laquoLrl(ampfJJLf 3JlttX t J J Ji of ~ r lt -laquo diams ~ laquo

- - -- c -= C C C C C C =- C _ C - C i C C - = C O lt bull~ C C C C llllll-++bull-1- bullbullbull++++ ~~~~~~~~-J~~~----~~-~ ~ j ( C l C C 0- ~ -- ( - -r - _

_ct r- C r J X - I r~ C J _ 3 --~ - middot-- ~ ~ - c- - ~ ~ - r-- ~ - z ~ - ~ ~ E ~ D~c-~c~-2CltY~~~~~==shyt l 0 C t1 t) CC C -- r Lf C --- 0- C - t ~ Lf

t bull bull bull bull bull bull I

--------~---------c=ccec~~~~~cc~~ccco I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t I ~w-~~w~-bull~~w~u~uw~~ X- - =Y _ - - _ c- C - a 7 - X l fJO- -C N f c ~ J c --r I- bullI -j U Igt () r- middotc ctbull 0-0 - -r r f- er CI- rmiddot -o- t-- J rr -o- - Lf 11-xtJifJr--- --rec ~fa c-iD C - - ~bull tl ~ J V - - t - C C - CC CO - D

- - - -- __ - ( ( (_ _ t ~~~if~~~-c~-N~a~if~~~ J J f I I I I I I I I

lt

J

V

gt I I I I I I f I bull I I I I I I I I bull I I

o---~---o=oco~=c~oo~ c~~ccccoccccc~cccccc 4 flflllff-++4 diams +bull-t-flttT

L re )- w

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

- - - ---- - ( -- - -----ccccc~cc~ce~o=ceooo I I I I I I I I I E I I I I I I I I I

gt

IJ

1-J l J ~L LI _I I lamp bullL- ~ LL W LLI ~ U ~ JI lamp i

c~~~~c~~o~c~~a~N-Q~shyc CC -_ -t n t - r-1 c e -e - 1middot c -

gt gt 1 U Wu U _Wu LL U Li u Li 11 Uol w W middot li V- ___-cc(( x1-c~ruo-shy-r- f rJ - C C r X a r - J If ~ C r-- a C(

-shyr 0 - r-1 - - - J J ~ 3 - r f - J Jl N l c~-c-~c--a~~~~-=~~c o tJ v cc c middot o temiddot ~ - lJ tJi -D - o- c- - rv - bullbullbullbull t II bull bullbull f t bull t bull bull 0 I t t o

o-N~~-Or-~--------N~~~ -

C

r- C - Lf) r--- Cmiddot J _ - CJ- r-- fl I -o-- - C - -c J iO- - - 1 I C UIC Cc-o--N~~a~--N-co~com~

EE~~~~~N-~~-N~~S~Q~

_J C J

I I I I I I I I I I

0 u 0 u Cc u w l u ltI ~

N middot-r r pound) _ c 0-u lt

u 0 _ co c-

deg J

V a

C-89

C C

C

II ~

i

C C

-shy

bull

_

c r

I(

(

bull j( - c c r

C I

C

CC

rshy__ r-- c- lt gt

~

-

- _ trbull

-

r

lt

omiddot_ tr

I I I I i I

II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

rmiddot

-

L

I I I I I I I I

u

lt

-7 -middot

bull

J

C

-

_bullbull ~ LImiddot~-

=- -= - - = middot= - -middot C = C middot= C -- I C ~ -

t bullbullbullbullbull

I I I I I

middot ~ --- --= C ( _ C - C

J

r~

c C

I

-middot

I I I I 1 I I j yen

r

t

r

I

r

a

gt

~

--gt-

-

bull

lo L _ _ er

I I

I I

rI

r I I I

I I I I I _ IL I I I I

I I

t lt

_

__

Ct

I 1 I I + J

- f - _ f ( f -- ( -- ---- ) -- r - ~

- - r ~ c- --- --- - ( r _ - - middotr - -- ~ _ - lt __

- 1 -- - (_ -

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I J I

- -_ ( C

bull I I bull-- I - 1- - L L _ U J l L- J I I bullbull 1 ~-

7 -r -middot -middot - - w lt- -middot ~ 0 bullmiddot bull- r - r - - If - C -r- -r

- - f -middot -- -- _ - _Y _ rJ

--1oJ_ - f =~-C -~- _ 1 __ J ~ C - f - - -- -_ - f _

tr 0-

C-90

_

C

C

_

middotr 11 J Lr laquo C C

-~ ~ ~bull-i -l C ~ laquo r

laquo ~ r

f-

-l -

J

v f

bullshyx r

II

bull r

bull ~

bull laquo II bull u

laquo

[

C

bullL

C J

I I I

gt- I I

gt I I --- I t I tr

middotmiddot ~- I gt

I gt- I

I

t ) I -I

C- I _ I Q I Lmiddot _ I - I Cl I II

0 I I ltn I

I~

I I I I

I I I I I Ct

c_

-

J IL

middot- _ - middot- = middot C r - C t t c C ~ -- - - bull middot - -= -- -middot - lt=- - ~ I I I middotI middot+ middot+ bull + bull + + -+ + + + + _ -bull bull_ t i J bull- _ _ bull I L bull~ -middot bullmiddot bull t- ~ t C --- U _ - if - C r-- I J C -_ - r middoti - O r- middotJ middot _ - f J - J

~~---ltKr-~r-l~~c~~~~-- Imiddot - bullf J bull- ~ - r r - _ _ C C - I

- r v ~ f middot i -bull r I-- C - - L ( r _ f I bull bullbull I bull I I I I Ibull f I f I I

~1-lamp-----~~~~~~~~~

C I f t I I I I I I I I I I I I t I I I

lt ( r middot-= C ( cmiddot - r lt r- i- middot bull-bull

+ I I l + bull + + bull + + +- bull +- + -+ + + + 41 lJ JIJ -~ 1 t U _ U l -l bull l 1 Ubull bull~ cn~-ltr~r~-r~r~---~~ C - if -J middotbulln t ~ _ -middot middotJ r C J

_ _ I l t - J f O __ t- middot J r C C - _middotmiddot- bull - tr ~ _ bullmiddot - -- J _ ( C bull-f11f- ~I-- J ~ - J - - J (-

J II -ri

C-91

C

C

II

~ II II ll

laquo II _J II

II II C

V II I

~ II

middotc

II

~

lt II

C

C C bull C C

-4 C laquo rmiddot

-

bull1 II C _ C laquo

C laquo ll C II

II bull C C

C diams i -f

1 11 C ~ _

-= - ltl II C bull gt

ll V It laquo C C o

1-

H

bullcc laquo -~ C

umiddot bull cc-cbull~-- _- --

r II

- II

bullCC --r(CClt ---cmiddot--CS-=-shydiams laquo bull bull bullbull

+c-lt-ccccc-gtlt C cmiddot C ~- bull -ltl

fl bull 41 bull ill (

II II

--i

II II

_-------middotbull - - -1-bull

r i r- --

I i I I

___ __

I I I 1

-------middot----gt C C C

I I I I I I I I

ii II laquo

I I

middot- L l _ J

~ C ~ ~ ~ ~ = r -- Jbull r-- middotmiddot - [ - ( ~ c ~ _ middot rr - I _ - - J C

- r f -

----

~ ~-- ~bull ~ ~

r r f -- 5 - Jmiddot - r

- - ~r-r--

f ~ X f _ middotc ~ l ~ ~- =c ~ ~ ~ - middot C =r C C r- - - -

- _ ~ r a -- c ~ lf X ~- _ C - --= = r ~ -r

II bull I - s = r- f- ~ - -- - ( (1

middot- II II

I ---rrJJf

ltd II

- II __- II l1 _i

II ~ II

_

(I) JI~

~ - I

I

middot I

I

I I I I I t I I I I I t I

= C C _-+ + +

L L t J IJ t_ J 7-~-~i OrLhC --r_ -- - C L r J- _ -- T--t~-=--c 7--shyc-r- ( middot-- middotir -- w (

I ~

- -J

--c -

1 I 1 t r

r r _ _ - _ ( middot ( ~ --(_ - --

Ebull C I C N1 o

VJ I

c

I 6 t I I I I I t I I I bull I I

- - 7 cmiddot C C - - - C -+ I I l I t I I I I I f I I I I

- 1r middotbull _ ~~~~~middot~~~~ - _Jr_~ ~ If~ C- C 0 c - -middot - _ J middot - -~ t _ X if - C - -- _ l~-~=JJCshy -J r i middot J -- ~ v - O - J

I middot- I -- - ~ - - - I _

~ -I

I

) lt

~ I T

U I L _ _ II

C J

r I C -

I I

C-92

C

+

C

II

C C

ltIt bull laquo laquo laquo bull laquo ti laquo - - ( fr I I CClaquo laquo =- C-J I t tJ C C tl ~

bull ~-0 Lf-v- c laquocc J-ir olaquobull~c -c c-cclaquo _ r-- C =- claquo II bull C t 0- - - t C c - -= (bull O middotbull lt - tt C C 41 _ + C I (JClaquolt diams O C bull laquo C C laquo C LI LI C r --- r J ~yenlaquo~ccbullccccc ~bull- iC c~ ~- bull= - tmiddot = ~ C laquo -bull

~ g ~ ~r ~ ~ ~ laquo laquo laquo oil bull 1( bull ~~-~-------~-~~~~~~0 C 0 --cc- CC-middot-=

t r I I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I t I I I I uJ uJ -4J J - w -middot l- __ i J ~ 1bull L middot~ L r 0lt-C ~c~~c--~-~-~~~--c N - II I ~~r~~-zrr~-~-~~~c~~~ r c 1 - I C - t middot- J -C _ ~ C cmiddot - If - - C f _cf_ f I C ( ~ r c ~ c t-- c j - ~ c = - ( ~~c~cr-rr~-~c-~-~~~ I I t ~ =1 ~ I - - t rv- -- middotr t - ~ r

I _ I

I I E I bull t I I C I I t I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

ll I er 1 J pf ~ J tJ nJ J lt-CCC ll I coc-c--cc--cccctmiddotc-cc-ccc I I I I r bull I I t I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

iL ~-Ju ~~~~~~w~~~~~~w~~~~~~0 ~lLffI a 0Ncc-c-~N~N-~r-~~~-shyCl) _( ( i c~~EE~~c-0v~~~~~arr~r r-- -1- lfI ~-~~ro-~~o-~~--~~P Cmiddot co~~~cc~~~c~~~~~-~c~

0- - =t D O~VN~~I~~c-0~-mc-N~1 ~ ~ c-

- t o~-N~-~f-OC~E~~------~ _

~

Q - u J - J

C c u 3 J Q

C-93

IDOCEM middot- 3 IDOCEM == 6 IDOCEM == 15

EBC (1) S02 N0 2 N02 EBC (2) SOL~ NO NO EBC (3) 03 03

EBC (4) HC (reactive) HCl

EBC (5) HN0 2 IC2

EBC (6) HC3

EBC ( 7)

EBC (8) N205 EBC (9) mw 3 EBC (10) H0 2 EBC (11) HO) EBC (12) H207-EBC (13) ROO

EBC (14) RCOO

EBC (15)

Jf IDOCEM - 3 6 or 15 at least one background concentration data

mi 1st bl~ specified for every K level a rnaxinn1111 of 50 background

concentration data sites may be specified

~312 Global Parameters Data

The global parameter data record specifies spRtially

in-_1niant data required for conversion of emission pjsec to c-r1isshy

~ic111s ppm (the calculation of plume rise and pc1r1rneters needed for

photochemical calculations) If IDOCEM = 0 this record is not

rPq Llired middot Otherwide this record is required each 1our and conshy

cl udes the hour input unit The format of this record is as

follows

Fbull 0 F50 FSO F50 F50

I t t t t TGRND SOLAR PRESR AMBCO AMI-ZO

C-5 5

With the following elobal parameter definitions

TGRND air temperature at the surface 0 c (specify 20deg as a default value)

SOLAR ambient insolation in wattsm2 (needed for photoshychemical simulations)

PRESR ambient atmospheric pressure in millibars (specify 1000 as a default value)

AMBCO ambient carbon monoxide in ppm (required for EPA photochemistry lDOCEM = 15)

AMHZO ambient water vapor concentration in ppm (reshyquired for EPA photochemistry IDOCEM = 15)

C-56

L+ L+ PROGRAM INPUT SUMMARY

Table 6 provides a summary of progrc1m input

C-57

Cgt 0

()l( 0 l(

[ l( l(

(_)U) 0 0 r1n Cl 0

H middoti 1 r D 0 l lJ lI II tJ l(Id

Ii l( I( 1 If [1 Li ll (1 lf lC rJ lJ l( micro tf LJ1 ti gt- H Lfbull-t Ht-middot-) t--i I- 4 0 ~ middot1 ~ I L( HI--[( f---~ 1-1 J t ra t- l (l N fJ I (J (I -i l J CJ rl (J r ---i J (Jr i II

~r microJ

~sr

u11 II tJ H t-()

-f I (J [-

~ t

rt [l t ~ bull r

t 1 n j ---E-lt 1l cl ltct() lt U) middot-J LbulllI l ( ) ~ (i (d Ei (L- 1 ~11 r_

II II (11 H n c Cl middot- r ~~ - Lil ( gt l bull rr l ~ ~ l1jH lL 1- cmiddot

fl] () n r rr_ E bull -t-f-bull 1-gt lrl bull( f bull ( uI t)

()() (1 )r- gt 1J

r Cl [1middot(poundmiddotbull I 1 n

gt- tl l bull middot1 0 ~

i_)middot) [ ltp U) II ~--l Id i -I 1 f rlU rmiddot- r

0 lLl [11 fl V) J middotl

-1 C) 11

(_)

r ~n0 i-~ II ~- gt 1)

[ fil fj

cl o n bullC)II tmiddot-gt- (1 t l CJ () ld f I J __ro rd 1-1

() r t l0 J ( middotf n o t_) hl C) lt_) VJ middotmiddotX r (J U) () C~ I- I o rr 1 + bull( Lrl lt( t -i ( rmiddot 11 ~ bull t bull ~Ul V) ITfrW (_ l bull 1 ~ bull ~i l i vJ middot r bullrnn 1 n l n C) 0

4- () f- -I H r l (J fr) r~ (J ( (l [ ) (1 (bull) Ci)

0 C) (-1 i V) Ct N bull[) (() rl C II II 11 --~ l Lil Cl1 f) 1-middotl I-lt co

() lto ~1~ c J n I

[-J n =- ~ Ci gt-~ ~- (J --iumiddoti

gtmiddot C1gt1- - r1i I- bull

bull-l o bl gtbl(~ - 11 er (_) ~-) gt middot ~ ~ ) r1 ~ - U) bull 0 [) () - ) ~ () u ri --i [cl~

() CJ er~ (J [~Cl~ 01 n (il (1

(_) gt-- 1-l ii c [J

lt ~ II middot ~ X UJ -z t middotIp_ J 0 () Li 0 S [) --i 0 ~J r-1 P-lt gt - er (-lt [) 11 ti) t- II u ~3

- rn i n bull( lol cbull (-J] ~er IT 10-

ld Id ll lt z C T () CJ p - ( ~ ~lt J~ -I C)

r l CJ r i r-1 1--IO C) _ ~ 0 0 0 () - 6 ~-1 bull( 1 -1 middot C) ) -~ () Ormiddot-z L- =~ cr- z

__ E-~ [-lt ~ H0 II II II II II - l~ c 7- C) =----= UJ -~ n bull __ i-- ___ ~ro ~shyE-bullH Cl_ bull t 1 F ~ er - J 1 ~ (l U) -middotJ Q o ~-~ (l) ~ tJ~ ~j H ltr i--l J gtmiddot ) I s vl n c f (J bullE-lt u u () ~ - - u n o 0 (1 () bulll LI) t ) rd fbullJ C [cl ---() lt (J [) m ~rn

0000 0 () () (J - cJ - middotbull-l ~ en fl bull a ltmiddotcgt === u [t FioD middot) () ) Cl(L] i microJ ) co_ CJ rJnnnci on nn(tj f t -bull I-~ I-middot~ r I rbull1 f -1 1 -middot ) t-l I bull H _ 7- 1--1 _ i-~ __E-

U)

tJ n [J (J E- ~1~ z w

(rl [d 0 ~ D 0

u w H lt 0 n u OE~ cr E-bull er gtlt =-~ n Zlt ltC

E-lt 0 rr n - fmiddotbull E--lt (J H () 0 OE--lt

H -- H C)u 0 i [) crz bulli ll microJ n ~-- micro - ltC H Cl H lmiddot-lt E~ n [1 Q C(J z lt )U en

(-lt n _- n n z lt( H 0

b cw lt

w uz 0 ~ ( er

(- -~ olS f-1 [) [) H middot0 rd H lt 0 ltO _

lt P-lt ltC CI) u 0

C-58

5 CAVEATS

This section provides some helpfu1 points on assernbJj_np

the data and interpreting the output

C-59

--

S 1 STEILTTY ASSIGNMT~Tf

Since the stability profile (stored in STAB) alters the

computed wind field it is import to 1ssign the su1bi1 middoti ty layer 1)y

layer such that the intended profile is effected The point to

remember is that the stability of a given layer is assigned to

the top interface of that layer For example if it is desired

to simulate an atmosphere with the third layer stable and all the

other layers unstable the fol lowinr ass ignrnen t must f)e fo 1 J owed

physic3lly assignment

A A ~-

A A --- --middot---

-- A A middot-

A A --

A A

E E

E~+1 A

thus STd3 ( 2) 5

and STAB (3) 5

C-60

52 GRID SIZE

If IMPACT is used to evaluate the effects on air quality

due to point sources the grid size (DX DY) should be equal to or less than the plume width at the surface concentration maximum

If DX or DY is too large the maximum surface concentration will

be smoothed and lower concentration values will be predicted

Typical zone sizes are from 500 to 1000 meters for DX DY and

25 to 100 meters for DZ

C-61

5 3 NUMBER OF SPECIFIED wum SITES

If an excessive number of wind sites are used the asshy

signment of high confidence levels to each site will result in

an unrealistic wind field if the data is not compatable A rule

of thumb for determining the maximum number of ~igh confidence

level wind sites is N = (NXmiddotNY) divided by 40~40 If the

number of wind sites exceeds N reduce the confidence values

assigned to the winct data

C-62

5 4 MYRUP RlNZIERI DIFFUSIVITY MODEL

When using the MyrupRanzieri Model (IDODIF = l) the

user should take care that an inversion base and top are defined

everywhere in the grid That is the stability values go from

less than 45 at the surface to greater than 4J and then to less

than 45 again Otherwise the model may calculate large vertical

diffusivities (limited to 1000 m2 sec) even under stable conditions

when DZmiddotNZ is greater than 500 to 1000 meters The advection

diffusion time step will be limited in these circumstances to 2approximately At= 00008 (DZ) if DZ is equal to 100 meters

then At equal 8 seconds A time step of 8 seconds requires 450

advectiondiffusion cycles per hour which will result in long

run times for multiple-species multiple-hour simulations

C-63

5 5 LOCATION OF PODlT A1D REA SOURCES

Due to the boundary conditions specified for the second

order advectiondiffusion algorithm placing point or area sources

in cells at the edge of the cornputationnJ domain will result in an

over predictibn of pollutant concentrations The user should take

care that all point and area sources are at least one cell removed

from the boundary

i---------r-middot------ -r------r--~ f ) I i 1 bull kbull -+----- -+----i--middotmiddot- middotmiddot--middot~middot-middot middotbull---i

----~+__ i -+-~--Avoid placing I i

sources in the ___________ -----~--l shaded cells _J

i l t L J j L bull l j

i I

C-64

6 0 EXAMPLE PR OBJ EM

A simplified exemplnry problem designed to demonstrate

several of the features and options avnilable in the IMPACT code

is described below Section 61 illustrates the input file and

section 62 is the program output

The problem illustrated below is a grid of dimensions

NX =NY= 9 NZ= 7 DX= 750 DY= 500 DZ= 100 The shaded

area indicates the non-zero terrain (height= 1000 feet) Five

surface roughness data are specified (Z 0 ) although they arc not

required since IDODIF = 3 (DEPICT diffusivity)

9

8

7

t 6 J 5

4

3

z z

2

1 ~_________________z__

s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I~

The problem is to be run for 2 hours with wind and stabilitybull

data specified (wind at w stability at s) each hour Sulfate chem-

istry is selected (IDOCEM = 3) and there is sirnulati~n of both a

point source P with a user-specified 6h and emission equal to

10 gsec tracer 500 gsec S02 and no SO~ and an area source

indicated by the cross hatched area with emissions per grid cell

equal to 2 gsec tracer and 270 gsec S02 Background concentrashy

tions (B) are set to 00 for all levels and all species The wind

direction remains constant at 270deg for both hours while the wind

speed changes from 30 msec to J 5 msec The stability profile

is unstable to neutral to st1ble the first hour changing to comshy

pletely stable the second hour

C-65

hJ EXAMPLE 110BLEM INPUT FILE

0 z w

II C

C(f)

zc __o_ a

liJ 7 NC C C w fl

J a coo

C

C z

CN 7 rrN

Q bullUHCCO

u - u-gt -~ C lt --- cv

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112 - V t ~Lt) - S - i l rt li- r bull t 9 ) _ 1 i h i- bull t -~-~H-1middot~ N l i - (~ l L ~ bull ~ - ~ V - r b ~ (bull bull ~ co l middot - _- r 1 r JU i - i~-~(bullnl1lbulllt I zmiddotJ-~~cLmiddotc - H-middotderrbull2 u 2 ~ - - i middott 11 2 - 1----~1-1middot

~

t - -r) r1 I bull ( - pound 1~~middotbull I1 ~

t _ I t1lt1

) tJ bull 1 - 1 v- cr1lt~bull 1 ) 1_ 1C t-- L - bull - L - Jr r- 1 gt bull i lt ~ - i I I lt lt bull l bull llVbull_~-r~lbullt 1-V-lS1 I t - fl~bull-~h11 II t I tmiddotIJ- -itmiddotcbullJ 1 bull 11 - 1 V - J f ti 17 ~ fbull bull I bull -~ 1middot gt1 V bull ~ - L t_Ctt i) ~

l 11 t ~ 1 ~ t 1H) 1lbullld

S middot1 cit 31 t-(LlPJ

wdd tgtas 1middot 11Jmiddot1 _J1 ms

t bull-ift1ttW~bull(_ - lv-1c~~l l bulli L _-~2tbull11L ~ bulli - l l~-jl hf-gt~gtmiddot ld--l[()cSVt~ - l v-_f-r1 bull I l d- J~ J tbullb I - I v-_hU l i bull I

0

---------------------------------

---------------------------------

~

SURFa(r microcpiT nc VfLlCfi

MULTTPLIF~= 1naoac~-01

I J ) b F- 4 ~ J j -= ~ r- ) r r 3 - 3 J = ~(bull 30 l 3 n ~ J= 1c 3r 2 -J 3 1 ) r iimiddot~ - 1 bull

J 6 30 9 2J 3u ~_i _1 I b f

J 5 JJ 2gt u Ibull~ ) c 20 Jc ~ 30 29 2J ) 11 311 )) ) I) Q ~

J= 3 3 31) 11 3middot_ - ~ 1 - J 2 3 30 3- ) 1 ) 3 (t 3 ~ SI ~ [I

J 3~ 30 gt - 3 r1 -S _bull 3 r n

SURFACF PR I -IT fJ- V 1bullmiddotL 1r middot f

MUL1fJLJr-l bull 1U n 0 rir - tl 2

1= ~ h fn I J 10 0 C

oi J 9 I 4 I 0 bull) - - n_w J= fl I J I b 0 -3-1 3 bull l J 7 l P oH n r 0-CP -t- - l J= 0 l 3 I 0 -~-1 1 - J ~ bullbull l 3 0

J= l -

0

1 __j -l

- ~

l l C 1- -

J 3 bull l -~- l t- -2 0 3 l i 3 J - 1 - bulll -1 n 1 J I 0 - l - - I u

SURF~Cf PR T gt T lF- STPllTY

f-ULTIPLTFR 10bull0nDFbull(Imiddot

I I 2 3 u 5 6 I P 9 J I O 20 20 20 20 20 C D Q

J 8 O 20 c 0 middoto 20 ( 20 C J 7 O 20 0 cO P 21l 20 zn J 20 O 20 30 o 3~ J 20 ) J 5 20 C 20 30 30 30 2C 20 bull) J 4 20 20 20 30 a 3) 20 20 20 J 3 20 20 gtQ 20 O 20 20 20 20

- rr -- ~ -

I (- (_ f (_ r_ - _ I

T bullbull J ( I = r t - t ~ - gt

I I

n - ( f - - t rv

I J ~ - I- )

(11r--bull--rI(

- I ~

- tJ _ -- middot _J -~ J bull

~

I

J~rcilt--

(_bull I -- - r1 deg ~ I

- I

7] - 7 -((_ f - - - I r_ f_

I I -c = middot -

I _ r ~ I r(J lJ ----rJfbullt

- bull I I 7 1 ~I bull gt _ J 1

I _ ( bull ( - iI_ - ~bull - r- I lJ I

- I r

--- (_bullrl

I_ J f

rJ

~

I

l=-Jrlbullrr_r~11- tJ-1 rlJ -I lJ (J(J ~

r- 1 bull _ J -I rj _bull I --- _ middotr 1 r-1 J l J t

C f - bull~middot ( deg - r f l I t ( I _ (bull I ( -

4 (_ I 0 I C 0- 0 c ll J r- f -middotbull

4 I 0 I _J

H l II II H II ll U I II 11 11 fl II II 11 11 11 U 11 - ) - J -) _)

V) pound ~ --------

Cmiddotmiddot 8t

II - II

lt II II

middot-middot ll C II

- II 0 H lt II - I (I ii

II Ct II ~bull) 11 - II -- II

lt II II

(f It -c Ii

Ii

~ II Ii

II II

~ 11 r 11

~ II

I I I =- 10 Cgt - C

I I

~ I I CC-ttl-CC I 0 C OfOC

~ I I I -~ II II

II

Lt Jl iJ II L 11 c-

(_l II

~ I_ -middot I - I

I I

gt I_J lt I

ltt 0- I I I

C Cmiddot C

I I

E C I C I NI

O1) I

I I I

--- C _ - - - bullbull

J-c --~-c -

C C -~ - _ C C

I I I I

C I I

0 I

0 1)

I uJ C 0 0

-co~ __

~ c- 0 r---- 0

ll cO - C C 0

lL I- 0

0 -lCOtCflJCO L- 0

0

_ C 0 (J f1 ---N

tICCC-Jl-CC (J C ( C - 0 C C- NC C CON 7 z

II II II x

i _ o o o omiddot - middot o o o x -oo--gtegtoc~ 0 --- C C 000

LL c lt o-occIJi-ru-- 0- a r- 0 n -

c 4

-- C cc C) V LL er

J ~ I

IIUIIIIIIUUUIIII )- gt

-_ X

U II II II JI II II II ti II _

LL 0

-J gt

II II II II II II- -

C-85

--

C c C C

11 II II ti --

C-86

bull (r

bull w

C

l

- I --

C tttr

I I I -

lt

I Ibull

lt -

~ I I

lt I - - IC-

I

I I i I I I

~- I S I_

- I - I

I I I _ _

I I I t l

I I I I I bull -bull

I ~-~ I

lt C

C-87

I

C C

u

C

(__

lt _ II

C C r middotU C

l r-- gt

1 ~ C C

- bull I ~ IJJ

~ -L Cf

T II -

lt Ibull bullbullL gt -_ - 0- 0

c----- ~ ~

3 -lIJ bull C

- C ct bull u If

umiddot _ r-c ~ + bull

(_ I D--

~1 ~ II

1 C --- I I r-shyv gt-

r I bull 0

-(

Wlf gt-(

_ ~- -shyc _ ~ + + +

7 Lr gt-_ middotshyc~ - CY -- I -) bull II J

-c I

r -__

_i ~ l_I w shy u bull 1 ~middot r I 0 t c C -middot ~r-- ltl I

-middot 1 - I I lt( I

I II 11 LI X I

r

- -- C

~v --- u c--- ~ - I-=middotltn~Lu U Ct r Libull

CJ 7 0

u w gt

) _ ~ J I middot7

lt J li1

-middot U I

0 lt(

4 I - C ) 8gt-- I X x -

n- 1 - L

- gt -middot _i u -lt J er

- I - shy--- I v I

shyz lt C Lfbull

lt I J -middot X i I U middoti ~

u -u1 lJ - uo

I I

- 0

7 I 0 2 IL - J N 0 I z I l 01 01 0 a I 3 Q I 0

C-88

C C

I

C

C D

C

I II_ It

u

r

7

C C diams I

LL _

-c laquo --- J J

l ~ -- J l ir lf r- W 1r

laquo r--

r_ (

C bull laquo laquo bull bull laquo laquo ~ ~

bull~- liIJ Jf C middot~bullJr JfJfJbullJ ~ J C -G bull r fbullI) Jbull C)

C C c C -D

laquo II

diams bull

f C t C NclI-CJ

t---

+ Cbull11

c C

~- O

c bull shy~ -pound bull

-

-

I_ J t-

Lr JI

u ti ~=-__ bull lt

O C 1 c gt _ Lr c-r- t r- J r bullI -f ~

~ L

V [ I- - -- bull --c r 0 -r bullI - bull ( J - Ct P- bull( r_ ~OI-_laquo= -icr~

r-Lfbullf

-r ~ ~ bull

r r j JJ v

~ bull laquo bull ~

laquo -bullgtlt lt laquo ~

laquo L-CltLJ_ laquo-laquoLrl(ampfJJLf 3JlttX t J J Ji of ~ r lt -laquo diams ~ laquo

- - -- c -= C C C C C C =- C _ C - C i C C - = C O lt bull~ C C C C llllll-++bull-1- bullbullbull++++ ~~~~~~~~-J~~~----~~-~ ~ j ( C l C C 0- ~ -- ( - -r - _

_ct r- C r J X - I r~ C J _ 3 --~ - middot-- ~ ~ - c- - ~ ~ - r-- ~ - z ~ - ~ ~ E ~ D~c-~c~-2CltY~~~~~==shyt l 0 C t1 t) CC C -- r Lf C --- 0- C - t ~ Lf

t bull bull bull bull bull bull I

--------~---------c=ccec~~~~~cc~~ccco I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t I ~w-~~w~-bull~~w~u~uw~~ X- - =Y _ - - _ c- C - a 7 - X l fJO- -C N f c ~ J c --r I- bullI -j U Igt () r- middotc ctbull 0-0 - -r r f- er CI- rmiddot -o- t-- J rr -o- - Lf 11-xtJifJr--- --rec ~fa c-iD C - - ~bull tl ~ J V - - t - C C - CC CO - D

- - - -- __ - ( ( (_ _ t ~~~if~~~-c~-N~a~if~~~ J J f I I I I I I I I

lt

J

V

gt I I I I I I f I bull I I I I I I I I bull I I

o---~---o=oco~=c~oo~ c~~ccccoccccc~cccccc 4 flflllff-++4 diams +bull-t-flttT

L re )- w

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

- - - ---- - ( -- - -----ccccc~cc~ce~o=ceooo I I I I I I I I I E I I I I I I I I I

gt

IJ

1-J l J ~L LI _I I lamp bullL- ~ LL W LLI ~ U ~ JI lamp i

c~~~~c~~o~c~~a~N-Q~shyc CC -_ -t n t - r-1 c e -e - 1middot c -

gt gt 1 U Wu U _Wu LL U Li u Li 11 Uol w W middot li V- ___-cc(( x1-c~ruo-shy-r- f rJ - C C r X a r - J If ~ C r-- a C(

-shyr 0 - r-1 - - - J J ~ 3 - r f - J Jl N l c~-c-~c--a~~~~-=~~c o tJ v cc c middot o temiddot ~ - lJ tJi -D - o- c- - rv - bullbullbullbull t II bull bullbull f t bull t bull bull 0 I t t o

o-N~~-Or-~--------N~~~ -

C

r- C - Lf) r--- Cmiddot J _ - CJ- r-- fl I -o-- - C - -c J iO- - - 1 I C UIC Cc-o--N~~a~--N-co~com~

EE~~~~~N-~~-N~~S~Q~

_J C J

I I I I I I I I I I

0 u 0 u Cc u w l u ltI ~

N middot-r r pound) _ c 0-u lt

u 0 _ co c-

deg J

V a

C-89

C C

C

II ~

i

C C

-shy

bull

_

c r

I(

(

bull j( - c c r

C I

C

CC

rshy__ r-- c- lt gt

~

-

- _ trbull

-

r

lt

omiddot_ tr

I I I I i I

II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

rmiddot

-

L

I I I I I I I I

u

lt

-7 -middot

bull

J

C

-

_bullbull ~ LImiddot~-

=- -= - - = middot= - -middot C = C middot= C -- I C ~ -

t bullbullbullbullbull

I I I I I

middot ~ --- --= C ( _ C - C

J

r~

c C

I

-middot

I I I I 1 I I j yen

r

t

r

I

r

a

gt

~

--gt-

-

bull

lo L _ _ er

I I

I I

rI

r I I I

I I I I I _ IL I I I I

I I

t lt

_

__

Ct

I 1 I I + J

- f - _ f ( f -- ( -- ---- ) -- r - ~

- - r ~ c- --- --- - ( r _ - - middotr - -- ~ _ - lt __

- 1 -- - (_ -

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I J I

- -_ ( C

bull I I bull-- I - 1- - L L _ U J l L- J I I bullbull 1 ~-

7 -r -middot -middot - - w lt- -middot ~ 0 bullmiddot bull- r - r - - If - C -r- -r

- - f -middot -- -- _ - _Y _ rJ

--1oJ_ - f =~-C -~- _ 1 __ J ~ C - f - - -- -_ - f _

tr 0-

C-90

_

C

C

_

middotr 11 J Lr laquo C C

-~ ~ ~bull-i -l C ~ laquo r

laquo ~ r

f-

-l -

J

v f

bullshyx r

II

bull r

bull ~

bull laquo II bull u

laquo

[

C

bullL

C J

I I I

gt- I I

gt I I --- I t I tr

middotmiddot ~- I gt

I gt- I

I

t ) I -I

C- I _ I Q I Lmiddot _ I - I Cl I II

0 I I ltn I

I~

I I I I

I I I I I Ct

c_

-

J IL

middot- _ - middot- = middot C r - C t t c C ~ -- - - bull middot - -= -- -middot - lt=- - ~ I I I middotI middot+ middot+ bull + bull + + -+ + + + + _ -bull bull_ t i J bull- _ _ bull I L bull~ -middot bullmiddot bull t- ~ t C --- U _ - if - C r-- I J C -_ - r middoti - O r- middotJ middot _ - f J - J

~~---ltKr-~r-l~~c~~~~-- Imiddot - bullf J bull- ~ - r r - _ _ C C - I

- r v ~ f middot i -bull r I-- C - - L ( r _ f I bull bullbull I bull I I I I Ibull f I f I I

~1-lamp-----~~~~~~~~~

C I f t I I I I I I I I I I I I t I I I

lt ( r middot-= C ( cmiddot - r lt r- i- middot bull-bull

+ I I l + bull + + bull + + +- bull +- + -+ + + + 41 lJ JIJ -~ 1 t U _ U l -l bull l 1 Ubull bull~ cn~-ltr~r~-r~r~---~~ C - if -J middotbulln t ~ _ -middot middotJ r C J

_ _ I l t - J f O __ t- middot J r C C - _middotmiddot- bull - tr ~ _ bullmiddot - -- J _ ( C bull-f11f- ~I-- J ~ - J - - J (-

J II -ri

C-91

C

C

II

~ II II ll

laquo II _J II

II II C

V II I

~ II

middotc

II

~

lt II

C

C C bull C C

-4 C laquo rmiddot

-

bull1 II C _ C laquo

C laquo ll C II

II bull C C

C diams i -f

1 11 C ~ _

-= - ltl II C bull gt

ll V It laquo C C o

1-

H

bullcc laquo -~ C

umiddot bull cc-cbull~-- _- --

r II

- II

bullCC --r(CClt ---cmiddot--CS-=-shydiams laquo bull bull bullbull

+c-lt-ccccc-gtlt C cmiddot C ~- bull -ltl

fl bull 41 bull ill (

II II

--i

II II

_-------middotbull - - -1-bull

r i r- --

I i I I

___ __

I I I 1

-------middot----gt C C C

I I I I I I I I

ii II laquo

I I

middot- L l _ J

~ C ~ ~ ~ ~ = r -- Jbull r-- middotmiddot - [ - ( ~ c ~ _ middot rr - I _ - - J C

- r f -

----

~ ~-- ~bull ~ ~

r r f -- 5 - Jmiddot - r

- - ~r-r--

f ~ X f _ middotc ~ l ~ ~- =c ~ ~ ~ - middot C =r C C r- - - -

- _ ~ r a -- c ~ lf X ~- _ C - --= = r ~ -r

II bull I - s = r- f- ~ - -- - ( (1

middot- II II

I ---rrJJf

ltd II

- II __- II l1 _i

II ~ II

_

(I) JI~

~ - I

I

middot I

I

I I I I I t I I I I I t I

= C C _-+ + +

L L t J IJ t_ J 7-~-~i OrLhC --r_ -- - C L r J- _ -- T--t~-=--c 7--shyc-r- ( middot-- middotir -- w (

I ~

- -J

--c -

1 I 1 t r

r r _ _ - _ ( middot ( ~ --(_ - --

Ebull C I C N1 o

VJ I

c

I 6 t I I I I I t I I I bull I I

- - 7 cmiddot C C - - - C -+ I I l I t I I I I I f I I I I

- 1r middotbull _ ~~~~~middot~~~~ - _Jr_~ ~ If~ C- C 0 c - -middot - _ J middot - -~ t _ X if - C - -- _ l~-~=JJCshy -J r i middot J -- ~ v - O - J

I middot- I -- - ~ - - - I _

~ -I

I

) lt

~ I T

U I L _ _ II

C J

r I C -

I I

C-92

C

+

C

II

C C

ltIt bull laquo laquo laquo bull laquo ti laquo - - ( fr I I CClaquo laquo =- C-J I t tJ C C tl ~

bull ~-0 Lf-v- c laquocc J-ir olaquobull~c -c c-cclaquo _ r-- C =- claquo II bull C t 0- - - t C c - -= (bull O middotbull lt - tt C C 41 _ + C I (JClaquolt diams O C bull laquo C C laquo C LI LI C r --- r J ~yenlaquo~ccbullccccc ~bull- iC c~ ~- bull= - tmiddot = ~ C laquo -bull

~ g ~ ~r ~ ~ ~ laquo laquo laquo oil bull 1( bull ~~-~-------~-~~~~~~0 C 0 --cc- CC-middot-=

t r I I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I t I I I I uJ uJ -4J J - w -middot l- __ i J ~ 1bull L middot~ L r 0lt-C ~c~~c--~-~-~~~--c N - II I ~~r~~-zrr~-~-~~~c~~~ r c 1 - I C - t middot- J -C _ ~ C cmiddot - If - - C f _cf_ f I C ( ~ r c ~ c t-- c j - ~ c = - ( ~~c~cr-rr~-~c-~-~~~ I I t ~ =1 ~ I - - t rv- -- middotr t - ~ r

I _ I

I I E I bull t I I C I I t I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

ll I er 1 J pf ~ J tJ nJ J lt-CCC ll I coc-c--cc--cccctmiddotc-cc-ccc I I I I r bull I I t I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

iL ~-Ju ~~~~~~w~~~~~~w~~~~~~0 ~lLffI a 0Ncc-c-~N~N-~r-~~~-shyCl) _( ( i c~~EE~~c-0v~~~~~arr~r r-- -1- lfI ~-~~ro-~~o-~~--~~P Cmiddot co~~~cc~~~c~~~~~-~c~

0- - =t D O~VN~~I~~c-0~-mc-N~1 ~ ~ c-

- t o~-N~-~f-OC~E~~------~ _

~

Q - u J - J

C c u 3 J Q

C-93

With the following elobal parameter definitions

TGRND air temperature at the surface 0 c (specify 20deg as a default value)

SOLAR ambient insolation in wattsm2 (needed for photoshychemical simulations)

PRESR ambient atmospheric pressure in millibars (specify 1000 as a default value)

AMBCO ambient carbon monoxide in ppm (required for EPA photochemistry lDOCEM = 15)

AMHZO ambient water vapor concentration in ppm (reshyquired for EPA photochemistry IDOCEM = 15)

C-56

L+ L+ PROGRAM INPUT SUMMARY

Table 6 provides a summary of progrc1m input

C-57

Cgt 0

()l( 0 l(

[ l( l(

(_)U) 0 0 r1n Cl 0

H middoti 1 r D 0 l lJ lI II tJ l(Id

Ii l( I( 1 If [1 Li ll (1 lf lC rJ lJ l( micro tf LJ1 ti gt- H Lfbull-t Ht-middot-) t--i I- 4 0 ~ middot1 ~ I L( HI--[( f---~ 1-1 J t ra t- l (l N fJ I (J (I -i l J CJ rl (J r ---i J (Jr i II

~r microJ

~sr

u11 II tJ H t-()

-f I (J [-

~ t

rt [l t ~ bull r

t 1 n j ---E-lt 1l cl ltct() lt U) middot-J LbulllI l ( ) ~ (i (d Ei (L- 1 ~11 r_

II II (11 H n c Cl middot- r ~~ - Lil ( gt l bull rr l ~ ~ l1jH lL 1- cmiddot

fl] () n r rr_ E bull -t-f-bull 1-gt lrl bull( f bull ( uI t)

()() (1 )r- gt 1J

r Cl [1middot(poundmiddotbull I 1 n

gt- tl l bull middot1 0 ~

i_)middot) [ ltp U) II ~--l Id i -I 1 f rlU rmiddot- r

0 lLl [11 fl V) J middotl

-1 C) 11

(_)

r ~n0 i-~ II ~- gt 1)

[ fil fj

cl o n bullC)II tmiddot-gt- (1 t l CJ () ld f I J __ro rd 1-1

() r t l0 J ( middotf n o t_) hl C) lt_) VJ middotmiddotX r (J U) () C~ I- I o rr 1 + bull( Lrl lt( t -i ( rmiddot 11 ~ bull t bull ~Ul V) ITfrW (_ l bull 1 ~ bull ~i l i vJ middot r bullrnn 1 n l n C) 0

4- () f- -I H r l (J fr) r~ (J ( (l [ ) (1 (bull) Ci)

0 C) (-1 i V) Ct N bull[) (() rl C II II 11 --~ l Lil Cl1 f) 1-middotl I-lt co

() lto ~1~ c J n I

[-J n =- ~ Ci gt-~ ~- (J --iumiddoti

gtmiddot C1gt1- - r1i I- bull

bull-l o bl gtbl(~ - 11 er (_) ~-) gt middot ~ ~ ) r1 ~ - U) bull 0 [) () - ) ~ () u ri --i [cl~

() CJ er~ (J [~Cl~ 01 n (il (1

(_) gt-- 1-l ii c [J

lt ~ II middot ~ X UJ -z t middotIp_ J 0 () Li 0 S [) --i 0 ~J r-1 P-lt gt - er (-lt [) 11 ti) t- II u ~3

- rn i n bull( lol cbull (-J] ~er IT 10-

ld Id ll lt z C T () CJ p - ( ~ ~lt J~ -I C)

r l CJ r i r-1 1--IO C) _ ~ 0 0 0 () - 6 ~-1 bull( 1 -1 middot C) ) -~ () Ormiddot-z L- =~ cr- z

__ E-~ [-lt ~ H0 II II II II II - l~ c 7- C) =----= UJ -~ n bull __ i-- ___ ~ro ~shyE-bullH Cl_ bull t 1 F ~ er - J 1 ~ (l U) -middotJ Q o ~-~ (l) ~ tJ~ ~j H ltr i--l J gtmiddot ) I s vl n c f (J bullE-lt u u () ~ - - u n o 0 (1 () bulll LI) t ) rd fbullJ C [cl ---() lt (J [) m ~rn

0000 0 () () (J - cJ - middotbull-l ~ en fl bull a ltmiddotcgt === u [t FioD middot) () ) Cl(L] i microJ ) co_ CJ rJnnnci on nn(tj f t -bull I-~ I-middot~ r I rbull1 f -1 1 -middot ) t-l I bull H _ 7- 1--1 _ i-~ __E-

U)

tJ n [J (J E- ~1~ z w

(rl [d 0 ~ D 0

u w H lt 0 n u OE~ cr E-bull er gtlt =-~ n Zlt ltC

E-lt 0 rr n - fmiddotbull E--lt (J H () 0 OE--lt

H -- H C)u 0 i [) crz bulli ll microJ n ~-- micro - ltC H Cl H lmiddot-lt E~ n [1 Q C(J z lt )U en

(-lt n _- n n z lt( H 0

b cw lt

w uz 0 ~ ( er

(- -~ olS f-1 [) [) H middot0 rd H lt 0 ltO _

lt P-lt ltC CI) u 0

C-58

5 CAVEATS

This section provides some helpfu1 points on assernbJj_np

the data and interpreting the output

C-59

--

S 1 STEILTTY ASSIGNMT~Tf

Since the stability profile (stored in STAB) alters the

computed wind field it is import to 1ssign the su1bi1 middoti ty layer 1)y

layer such that the intended profile is effected The point to

remember is that the stability of a given layer is assigned to

the top interface of that layer For example if it is desired

to simulate an atmosphere with the third layer stable and all the

other layers unstable the fol lowinr ass ignrnen t must f)e fo 1 J owed

physic3lly assignment

A A ~-

A A --- --middot---

-- A A middot-

A A --

A A

E E

E~+1 A

thus STd3 ( 2) 5

and STAB (3) 5

C-60

52 GRID SIZE

If IMPACT is used to evaluate the effects on air quality

due to point sources the grid size (DX DY) should be equal to or less than the plume width at the surface concentration maximum

If DX or DY is too large the maximum surface concentration will

be smoothed and lower concentration values will be predicted

Typical zone sizes are from 500 to 1000 meters for DX DY and

25 to 100 meters for DZ

C-61

5 3 NUMBER OF SPECIFIED wum SITES

If an excessive number of wind sites are used the asshy

signment of high confidence levels to each site will result in

an unrealistic wind field if the data is not compatable A rule

of thumb for determining the maximum number of ~igh confidence

level wind sites is N = (NXmiddotNY) divided by 40~40 If the

number of wind sites exceeds N reduce the confidence values

assigned to the winct data

C-62

5 4 MYRUP RlNZIERI DIFFUSIVITY MODEL

When using the MyrupRanzieri Model (IDODIF = l) the

user should take care that an inversion base and top are defined

everywhere in the grid That is the stability values go from

less than 45 at the surface to greater than 4J and then to less

than 45 again Otherwise the model may calculate large vertical

diffusivities (limited to 1000 m2 sec) even under stable conditions

when DZmiddotNZ is greater than 500 to 1000 meters The advection

diffusion time step will be limited in these circumstances to 2approximately At= 00008 (DZ) if DZ is equal to 100 meters

then At equal 8 seconds A time step of 8 seconds requires 450

advectiondiffusion cycles per hour which will result in long

run times for multiple-species multiple-hour simulations

C-63

5 5 LOCATION OF PODlT A1D REA SOURCES

Due to the boundary conditions specified for the second

order advectiondiffusion algorithm placing point or area sources

in cells at the edge of the cornputationnJ domain will result in an

over predictibn of pollutant concentrations The user should take

care that all point and area sources are at least one cell removed

from the boundary

i---------r-middot------ -r------r--~ f ) I i 1 bull kbull -+----- -+----i--middotmiddot- middotmiddot--middot~middot-middot middotbull---i

----~+__ i -+-~--Avoid placing I i

sources in the ___________ -----~--l shaded cells _J

i l t L J j L bull l j

i I

C-64

6 0 EXAMPLE PR OBJ EM

A simplified exemplnry problem designed to demonstrate

several of the features and options avnilable in the IMPACT code

is described below Section 61 illustrates the input file and

section 62 is the program output

The problem illustrated below is a grid of dimensions

NX =NY= 9 NZ= 7 DX= 750 DY= 500 DZ= 100 The shaded

area indicates the non-zero terrain (height= 1000 feet) Five

surface roughness data are specified (Z 0 ) although they arc not

required since IDODIF = 3 (DEPICT diffusivity)

9

8

7

t 6 J 5

4

3

z z

2

1 ~_________________z__

s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I~

The problem is to be run for 2 hours with wind and stabilitybull

data specified (wind at w stability at s) each hour Sulfate chem-

istry is selected (IDOCEM = 3) and there is sirnulati~n of both a

point source P with a user-specified 6h and emission equal to

10 gsec tracer 500 gsec S02 and no SO~ and an area source

indicated by the cross hatched area with emissions per grid cell

equal to 2 gsec tracer and 270 gsec S02 Background concentrashy

tions (B) are set to 00 for all levels and all species The wind

direction remains constant at 270deg for both hours while the wind

speed changes from 30 msec to J 5 msec The stability profile

is unstable to neutral to st1ble the first hour changing to comshy

pletely stable the second hour

C-65

hJ EXAMPLE 110BLEM INPUT FILE

0 z w

II C

C(f)

zc __o_ a

liJ 7 NC C C w fl

J a coo

C

C z

CN 7 rrN

Q bullUHCCO

u - u-gt -~ C lt --- cv

ifI 10 O C 0 0 --CO C

LJ Ii -gt C 0 )- o-- -- 1- - U II

rmiddot Z C 0 cmiddot -C C -0OJrOClt 0 1 0 CC

o= __ l_l lt C C I bull bull

- -- 0 o) 0 I 0 middott ll bull - CO o

J t-)O O C 0

oouu---_ t J bullbullbull

t bullw-ccoc-o ex c-ouu

C 00 D lf 00 r

-Dgt- cooii -- 0 Co-- II U

(bull Cl J--Ln Z _I

r--- 3 0 O C 0 (J 00 0 _ 0 UCO 0 gtlt C c C

o-- C

-0--0-V--Nlf bullNshy bull tfI bull tI t-1 bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ bull -O N c O 00000000 o -D 0r z _ 0 r-- (J- (J (Jo a

t-~t- ----~bull--fl--0- 0-1f-V middot-shy bull-ru bull-tJ bull-- - uI U) -0 a N 0 oc000000ltgtOD

C-66

--------------------u2 EXJMPLE PROBLEM OUTPUT

II N II

ltC r

c-

C

C

C

II 11

r gt C C 0

-

QC

er

0

II gtlt 2

~ C

L 0 Q - 0

C C

Q C

1 C

II

II

C 0 r

)- c

0 C C

v r r II O II

t- z c 0 -~-=-

- J 0 l tr -11 1-C-_O Ogtlt 1--cc lgtO -gt-shy _

C-67

lt 2

L LL lf - x L c C -lti 1- C I - ~ v Ci lti ~ ltt - c _ l --_ X

Z ~ if ltI~ i z

_ _ -- J

bullbull u

_ 1 lt t 1 l J-

laquo

L _ 0

C

laquo 1lt -

C-68

bull bull

---------

bullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull

middotbullbullbull~

bull ltsTUL STAlf flf llfF ~YSTfM bullbull bullbullbull-~~+middot

fPA(T T t S l P fJ n fi I f ~

GRTD r-P 1-1 I Jmiddot

TfFhf A~t q (rlLS Jos Ill~~ T-1f_[TJlN ~11H IJfllA ~ If 75(1iM YftllllC A TIIHl fXTlNT tlF t750 bull (IM

l 1~1gt gtlt[ (ti LS j lHF y LTllf[l fl)N ~tlH ~ ntL TA y nv con~M qEL(JNG h TtTAt FJltT[Jl rt ~ltOn o- THJ ~f M~~ 011S rrr 1r I gtfffllr- A nrll Z llf n (I bull n Y t I rlT 11 A T 1T~ I r X T f I I l bull 7on o]

GP Ill 10 I H1 AT l 1

() I

Q ( b7~nn 4~UOP 7ro n)

0 lbulltbullbullmiddotmiddotbullbull~Ajl~A~AAAI~

bull bull

kbullbullbullbull~A~ diams

bullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbulltbullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

+I bull bullbull

J~~bullbullbull~~middotmiddot~bullbullbullAAA~A+~ttbull~ diams

1)1 o~ 011) +~

bullbull bull- bull -

- ()

c

CL C

(

r r

cshy u -shyC er

C

u lt o~ z

- 0

ex _ f

lt 1

U gtshyc

()

0

C _ C

-shyi

u shyZI () )

I C I I

ltI ltgt I wl CL I

c

w r

u

w r

I 0 0

u C_ I JJ- Z I

I u er I

I 0 ~ I

I - - I I c a U I

C u _ ()

w C w a

C-70

CCC

C _

-- IJJ

~ C lt w 0

a a 4J co

4- gt w gtgtlt C Cl er

QC= L1J

z - l V V

CC C C C c

C cmiddot

u w

~t N

oc - C C

C

X lt lt Cbull C T z z CC 0

~- V CC C W~2 -- co a-

u ltl gt gt -t I lt lt a -- a

l -_

en v a _ _ -z _ c C

lo- bullbullbull -- CC

=-

a w u

l t l w

lI

l

wli6J W ~ za - -o Q 0 = 0 0

lt C

= 0 gtO-gt

_ - - - C N bull bull bull bull bull

C O Co-

n lt(

w I V a I w

I I I w z r

--o-- gt-J

r I JJ () of I J

ltl er I

a ----a-o-11 0 u

z _ 0

0 z

w w

I-

C-71

C C

II

-middot lt gt

i

C

C ~ bull bull laquo bull laquo laquo ~ ~ ~ bull ~ laquo ~ ~ C C ~ = C C C ~ ~ laquocccc---cclaquoc bullCCCCCCCCC-t laquo C bull- bull bull_ -middot ~ C lt- ltmiddot - r 11cccccrccclaquo bull---c __ _u laquoCCC CCCtrt fl_= -c-=-laquo laquo C C C _~ C laquo _ laquoccc ccclaquolt bullccc c-ltcbullgt bull C C C C C C laquo laquoccotcc-middotc~ bull cc- -0( C C

ccci C C C C c C C laquo r

- - CC- C ~ laquo -rc-ccc--=rbullx laquocccoc-c ~ fl ii laquo 1 bull +

-----~~~~~~~n~nnn~~c~=~~=acoo~~==~~~=~shy++++ +- +1- + -++ diams lt1- + I ibull Jbull L J -~ I ~ ~- gt_

I - C) C ( - f r n (J r r - r r T --shy

o cc c - - ~~ca c ~ ~ ~ ~ = ~ ~ ~ J 0 I -C C r ( =- - lt ( X - r a r - c

]

-f

_ c

C C C

c C C

bull C C

-=- -

(Jt-0-~c---~ ~ r- ~ - lt~c~-cn-~~~r-n~r~rc

- tt middot- c r- c--

a J I I I I I I I I bullbull I I t I I I I r _ t cc-_ cc-==

~------~NNN~~~~~~~~~ CCCCCCCltCCC CO - - CC +++-+++bull-+

i Imiddot_ II u -_WII _i_bull L i i _ - 1 1 ubull Ubull l_

C LL C

cc --c-- ~ ~ c

o~~~~o~-~~~~~~~~~~~~ C

u r

ccocc---r--CCta middottc--r- crmN-O~~c~-r~~-~~~~ncNr~~~mo-~~-~T~~~cr~~shy

C C c

c f C f 0 C bull ~~ rJ ~ lJI C i_ - __ f - X C tC CCC CCC CC

C - r J 0 T-- Cl ~_ - -- - - - _ J n rJ J 1J II

r O LL

c u a C lt( Cgt

a - 0-0--ctrlI-

0 - a

O w

J gt i

U U II 11 11 11 II Ii II 11__JJ----

C-72

~ C ~ C C O C C lt r

LfrCCCllCmiddotC C

ltC 1C-CCrllOOC er a uJ llcccccoco-

c rvoooooocicc - N

-ccccooocc

tr0t---DIJlfrllfJ-5 )

11 II II It ll ti N It II II w ) _-- u

C-73

C I

C

C

C

- 0 CC yen C C lt- -9 c

r_ r

I -yen I u- r_ yen

ii ~ Ui I diams h it - ( c cu bull Cc tc bullr c cc Jt fl - c- 0 0- 0- middotshy lt bull tr c X r lf bullgt

-f -c ~ pound j bull f tr bull i

-tt-middotbull - er bull I - ~

laquo ( r

- - - -middot - -middot - - - - - - - - - -- _ -middot ~ C -cltcmiddotc_-~c

I I I I I t I I I i I I I I I I 1 I +

-i I u J ] J LI 1- J _ _ middot _ - - _ -

lt r imiddot - _ i- r ~- c lt cmiddot - -- - c - ~

- lt c cmiddot o ltmiddot ~ -- - --_middot lt -_- ~ -- - - - ~ -=-c~CCO -cc -cmiddotc-shymiddotf f =- r c 1 0 u ~r -- r - _ -

-middot I- I C rr C I I-- - C C J C middot ~ rbull I -C - U I J r f ~ I -

I - I c I _ I J

I - 1middot I i I I I I I I I J I I I f I I I I I I

- Ir ) iJ

_- I _ I cc-ccc-cc=c-c -cr- I I I 1 I I t I I ~ l I I I I I I t I I I I I -y I

I Jbull L _ I 1 bull 1 1 __ _ _ 1 _ v 1 Ia u I I

bull I =- t C = lt 7 C - bull C bull (bull lt C 0 C _ C I v- _ I C - (middot - C r r C C C _- C r-_ C ( - C lt 1middot C lt -~ I middot= c Cmiddot ~ - - = -r - r i _ J cmiddot I ~ I C f _middot J C- J [ f ( If middotmiddot f = f C J _ C

) I r - r J _ - C cf 0- 1 -- -middot f - I

CO I II I

- I

C I I - I I I - - -~ I tJ rll II bullJ -

Clt I UIO I I L I r - I

U I u -- I l I 0- I I - I

Clt I er I I U II II 11 11 11 II 11 11 11~

u I - ) ~ 1 ) -gt ~ ) - -

gt bull rr bullbull bull z bull _ _ bull V) bull laquo

z - l bull

-

bullf

C

-_ middot - --~ _

V

L

lt

r middot [ _

lt - r - I ( - J c-

- bullr

_ middot

C-75

r

-

1

bull bull

bull laquo

V

T C

-

er

J

V

-- lC

r

CL C

Le C

-

~ C 7 Cbull

laquo w

z LL C Cle

~ u laquo Q

gt ltI laquo laquo laquo

bull laquobulllaquobull laquo

laquo

laquo

7

C r

J C

X u lt(

CC- C

CC-

V) - 0 r J

-w

r

z -

l -

JN

z -

C

z

z

L

u ltXl

t

-_ c C = -- - ltf - C r_

CCC C CC

-iccc_cc C-

ltGCCCCCC

z -

lt i - l i J ~ J ~ - ~ a

- =-middot + - + ~ J w C _- C 0

Q C- C C C 0 lt( c=cc0 0 - C C c lt

-gt oc o-=

0 _J 11 11 11 U It l 0 w V

- ~ w i I-- (t Ct

lt - ) tr ~ (l ~

~ltV) VJ J I O - u J -d I l r ~- CC f l1 U D U f C I_ Z

-11 -w--~ I O UZ Z

2 i -1 u ~ 11--0 J er tr ashy~ i 1 i ~v- ltt q

C-76

I

_

gt C

bull C I I - II _

l -L -

+ bull

II

JJ

V II J bull -

Cmiddot = - bull I _shy

Ibull x 1

l r II

0- C 11 middot-bullbull lt C

r C

C _Jc II

- + J1-L gt bull-1---

~ G ~ --

bull C C r- I

LL C If

t IIlaquo~__-t

(1 + bull - r C fl

lt u lu Urbull

C

c

I

_ r- C a V c cmiddot cbull + + +

~ I W i_ ~~1 I

ui -l IO gt-middot -U r---

Ct --

o C C C

- _J ~ f lt r -l- bull w

V

r C

z I

~ middot ~ 1 J bull ~

u I II

gtlt I I _J

Le I bull~

tf

~

--_middot)

II

i

l

~ I j_jLl Ct - I CtmiddotC i ct I J

I f U _ ) I=gt 7-

shy u omiddot

gt 0

J r - i Igtlt X - I-~ Ll - C- I _ L IX J er 1) C C t I 1 C ~ Li

o J h bull

lt i_

Ll Ilt w I~

I l Un c I Z I

I

-0

2 -= J J 0

shy

al I Jr I 0 n

C-77

SURFACF PLnr OF IJ Vf1_0CyiY____ ______ __ C[1 cf n U9 I f Vr L ~

PLOT (HAP TltT[iVAL

n nooon0Fbullno - l7[bullJSbullj

JJ4JltJF-Oj - l21F-11 3ug_3l=-n1 - ~ ~ 1- i- - ~

5 bull I IJ S F - 0 l - h A~gt~ l ~i_ r 1 2 h bull gt- h 7 c - 1) l - 11 gt 1 oltJ le -

gtllt7ol3E-1 - 1 bull n 2 fllt 1middot + n n 3 t oct1S1+f)O - l I qQ93f + 1 (

1 rqg1-_+00 - t~~i-bullv 4 t3713~+01) - l bull S 1J 2 7 l t ~

14(7H+n0 - I bull 7 t 1J I u f +-1 C 5 I bull l I lC + 0 0 - 11likle bull0bull1

llH1[F 00 - c0ltJl)l bull00 b 2nSlnF+0) - bull fl jll [ bull ~ 0

2 i 1 tl IJI t middot) - t ~l9fh +( 0 7 bull S-i1 -~ + ( U - bull t T I Hi_ -+ ~ 1

lHF+Ol - bull 7 J f +- shy

I z 74270 qo - bull I) I IJ t t + J 2 bull q l ltl 1 F + 0 11 - 3H5-1lt hllt

q 3-uHSuE n1 - 3)thncr ~rr

$2-ln45F_l1 - ~1H~- rri() I

--J OJ

SURFACF PLC flF V VELbulll~ll

(IJll1l IJVLLS

PLOT CHA9 1 1 [ lt J Al

0 -~ll[t77f-~I - -1-1 ~SoQf bullr I -6 13gtngtF-11 -s J ~ 1 1~ - bull) 1

I - bull I - 31 ~ ~ - 1 1 - bull 7 71 I bull r 1 -u717bull-~1 - t1 ntJ0 0sr -r

2 - u bull O1 u SF - r1 l - 11OP middot 7 t - 1) l -34~c1f-~1 - -27z1oh~F-11

3 - 2 bull 1 h F - 1 l - -nolt01F-1 - z 0 ltl F - I) - -1h3r-r1

Q -1 333-11 -k A 1~t~ -r -6tlgt2F-n bull gto()t~~i=-h

5 21101lt1zE-01gt - 1gtll17oPl-o u111 lnbullf-02 - 11middotqof-01

I l36YQ~middot-n1 - 2 0 0 lt I) H - l I 204gtn7-11 - 27gtn75f-nt

7 272b7F-)I - LJolltIIE-01 3401i3[-01 - O 0ltl0 I If - I

I lt1oqo11i-01 - U7771fbull0 471179-01 - 50107pound-01

q 5 bull 4 i 3 Q 7 F - l I - gtbullI 3c 1 lt[ bull11 I

Jlil1t-11tct-fbull-l1ti111t--

lt bull h~QC) 77 ooor7

bull flbull 77 0 nn 77 l~t10 r 7 7 bull RPQQ JIO middot~bullAtA~-~ttibullt~j v AX Imiddot V ~ L F I bull 1 II -r 7 F diams 0 C ~middot r 1-J r bullr i Ai_ I 1t ~ () 11 1 fl I (I- middotj bull

~~ ~bull~bulltbull bullltltltlt~ bull lti ltlt

5S)Ch(CC J Ii

- rlc

bull i lt - lt gt 4 ~ 1111 5i ltClti

LI 0 0 lt)tlltl)C-lt

bull lt-iS ltltltlt bull scsijcc) bull ~ i cltc bullltlt

bull-tbulli11bullw11Jr+ ~ bullbull 1~t111

~Xlllll_VAltgtf 1lltnHgtF-01 middot 1 ( r ~ t 1~ v A - bull c =- n A 1 1 r - (1 1

C C

C C

J

shy i

C

+ u Le C C

~ + laquo laquo ~ laquo ~ ~ bull -k ~ C laquo C C ( C C C C C -k C _ C - C C C yen C fl( C C C lt- C C ( ( o1ot

+cc-cr--c __ -cc-cccc~middotcc fl CO 1middot C C _CC C C C C- 4ic ~ bull cmiddot CCC_ -1 CC c ( c cmiddot bull c~ =middot - Cc C tmiddot ltI

~ C C r -- ( C gt C c C ( 1(CClt CCCC rcc~ ccc

bull laquo laquo bull

tc O J C 0

CCC

( -C r r C Cmiddot J J I J r v L r L

-L-=-

-fl

fl f( J

bull laquo II bull J bullmiddot lt bullbullgt

~-- C C bull- C c_ C C bull__gt-cmiddot--~c-c

41

r- 0 - 0-

C C C CC C- bull 7 C C

+ laquo C ~

C _- C -ti laquo

-1 ~ l

laquo bull

C laquo

O bull laquo

-= C - +

C lt

C r C c r r C 7 C C - C - _ middot + + +-++-+t-++

-

~ C - C- - _ - - - _ -middot - - - - -c --_ r_ middot 1 C _-- - C Cmiddot o C +++++ diams~ -t++-+++

- - -bull-w-~-~~~-~-~-w~~ r I -X - J ( ~ - l -L C 0 _ CC

C - c- - - - ~ Jbull Cu 1shy ~r =- r - t C _I r_ - - ~~ _bull

- ~ r C lfmiddot (

-- r--

t J C t-- a

~ cmiddot rmiddot -L- C r - t C ~ C

-~~~~~--r-~~cc~~~~~ poundA~~c~~c~~~~~cooc-shyc--~-=~~~nN~poundS~N~~o ~pound~C~~~c~~~VpoundKOC-N

(lJ n gt -

I I I t I f t I 8 I I I I I I I I I t r gt I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t I r

C C +

C C C + T

C -

C C ltbull ( -tbull

C ~ C + ~

c 4 +

C - C rmiddot + +

C ~

-4-

diams

r +

lt

-+

-C diams

- ~ C C-+ _

JJ C C - C - - -middot ccC(Clt ltccc-ccccc-= +++bullbull++++bull++bull+ + +

i ~ LL -i -Lbull U lL l_ LI LI J 1 i _middot J middot U J I o c -- c =1 r- c middot gt o cmiddot cmiddot middot- -- -= ccrcccc r_-_c-l ~c- --0 ( = 0 -- C) _ gt - 0 _ _ r_ ~ - - -

C f C f C r C l f C U ~ Jbull ~ C If ro--~N~~~7~~~~~~~~~

C

l

gt w J

U _ i ~ LI II i LL LU~ IIbull U I __ WU C C bull 0- IJmiddot 1 0 - C C = - If ( ~ f C - t C CX ~ - ~ f - r-- l C ( r- ~ 0 o~~~~D-O~D~-r~~oshyc~--N~~~=occN~poundKCN~~ o~pound~cN~Go~~~r~~ooshy

I I C z

bull bull bull bull bull I bull bull bull~-N~~~~o--------NN

j

I c J a _ shy

JC r I - u

u I

ltC 0 C

I

C -

C -

V) a Q

C-79

~ 0 L ) c r- - ~ - - 7 -C t--- C

- r- C C f (-- _ C J J r- - f ~

--- f IJmiddot r- _ r-- j

- rr 0 ~ ~

lt _ -_ C C (

-middot L J -I ----r-c

_ C V _ t-r -bullbull -- - J - lt 7

middot i --middot r C r r- -- rr -- middot (

- r- -

lf f -J c

c-r---r- - -f --

- I deg pound i Cf_bull~ C-LflcC c--_-- - l

i I I I I I I I I l I I I I I I f I

I ~ I C J I I_ C - C C middot~

I 2 + -I + + -+ + C I- u i L l_ u li -- J i u II LI J u _ _j

)

~

I ~bull _ bully

C - ltJ C c- C C lt -middot C ( cc--__ cv Jrr--for--r1__ __ ~shyc _ C - - - r _ t ~- rJ gt - C - Cf- C middot _

- r- r f (_ ( 7J r

f f r r - r- - - 1 f ~ -c 0-

~- J --t lt middot1

~middot r-- middot-J pound i - Iibull

I ~ I

I ~-

u r u u lt( r-- I (J u er c J J 0 0

C-80

~

Cfi~C~~T~l1 A7 trbullr- Y t l i I fJ S ~FT t_ ~ S f 1 1 ~ i 1r S 1 middotmiddotmiddot I T

=-----=-----==-~=~=~=~~===~=~========-~========----------

SURFACE PLflT UF TRACf llGh3

--------------------------------CJgtlTllJR LEVEiS

PLOT CHAR il~lvAL

-~~~middotmiddot~middot~bull~ 0 oun900Fbull00 1 lt~Ai2f +bullJ() bull tgt 0v nun 0 n 00 onon bullJ 1 nbull

1s1111r2Eoo - bull 1 ]l)IJ(+)~ bull000oonnnon0nonononbull 3171in11E+no - 11 701JoiE+10 01001111 ci7b405f+00 - 13ltgt07F+bulldeg On I 1 11 bull

2 h3517F tn - 791J1nOf-+)) OOQQlt I 3 bull 7 ~ (J ~l ( Cj f i ) l) - 9 ltgtAi IE bull on I I 1 1 bull

q bull ~2M l t F-1 n - l bull 1 l 1 1 t + l 1 bullon11 1 l t i111fqF+n( - 17041Etn1 O ~ltbull or n on0 on O() n n n nnbull

II

c

1 2 7 0 11 l + I I 1112lt122r+o1 1AlnzF+n I

---

I lZf +J 1 t ~HP r2E 1 17bull1lfbull1l

bullononnnnonp00nnon~bull bullmiddotbull~bullmiddot~~j bullA v r 11 ~ v 1_ l F = bull 1 7 t n-~ r -t- I 1 1 l L 11 =- 1 (bull=Ibull ll diams l

t7~tPFbullnl - 1 90-1c bull I 190gt02~bull~1 - 2 ()h 11 -t -I

2 0 6 _J 2 + 0 ~ bull 2223f +l 1

0 7 2523F+o I - bull 3r Itbull l 1 I 2S1lt0~F+01 - 2i~nlmiddotsf +lt1

ci R _gtUQR~+11 - 2 101

I- 2tQ9iV +bull11 - flkJ~r 1iJl Q 2 1ltlt11uF+0 - 3 gt I 7 ~ h 1

30173+0I - 3 7fio4E+bull)I

SURFA(f PLbullIT (lF S02ppm

--------------CllHlufi LEVllS

PLOT (ltA~ lHq~hl

(I o00 1100F+n) - I 1 414 H -1gt Abullbullbullbullbullbulltbullbullbullbullbull DOD~ooon1oonu030~0bull

bull lll 111l3~-02 - 211111r_ -02 bull~nnn0~onnn~11lO~noo~ 22A81lt1f-ogt 511 B 0 tbulln2

- 3L1312rbullbullJ

11c111r-nlt Of0 bullon

noonlt1non1bull 1ri1 on

~777l-~2 - i bull 7 2 gtI- f bull 1 JO)~hh q()~Qqd~~ s1c~1t-02 - Ot c - 0 n~ 1111 on

3 blbfgtitF-oc - i_q 101pound-1 bullon0n ononcnono~bull AOI 101F-02 - 9155llllf-r2 ooono~onono~0nnnnnbull

II

5

Q 0 J55114F-02 I Q211ltlbullc l I t 411ll1fbullo J 12-llflF-JI

- 1n2oqltlE-n1 11u11uF-11- bull gtltA1 IEbull o I-- 1nvt-i1

0100000nondnOnnnonbull kbullbullAmiddot~bull bullAX VALLF= lbulllPAlobull-~t middot1rr1 I -Ii~ V~Llt = n n1_flmiddotJfE i 1)11

t 37BF-n1 - J11gt77-l-01

7 I 1111771E-01 I bJ22oF -e I

-- 11gt0gt2nl-01 i7111ill-rt

1llbbuF-O1 - J R31oIE-ot

1middotmiddotmiddott 1 1 11imiddot11bull1J middot 1 1 l I -1 I i ~ 1 --1 ~ VbulljhO- ~ bullq -= ill IVII tllr- J )I lfJ

~middotmiddot-middotmiddotbull4bull~middotmiddotmiddotmiddot~~middot-~t V V v ~bull V VI I) v JV) Lbull 1 ) J iJ i V (IL~middot I) V iJ J l I bull V I JV L _1 I UV V v J Lbull i V d ~

i I I l l ~ U l tJ l 1 4

lmiddotil v gt v O bull 11 I I I l lt i 1 fl (J 0 bull bull

uuu~0~ -ovo~~oou ovUJOuuvuvuv~uGvuuOo bull (i -J 1 J (VI) (1 0 V I 1 u ~I(yen~~~middot~~middotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddot

t0-1(9QUlmiddot-i - fJ-1lCtlH

~ bull--il1~-i1_bullc - )middotV- L)-ltr1r- t ~ middot - middot1 L ttbull) II -J - ) II - 1-- C )- h bull 1 ) l - J bull - l - )V-J-gtL~f-_bullt ) lbull - 1-- IL Itbull O - ~ ( - 1 lt~ If- bull t1

l middot 1 lt f I --i bull r bull v- JL~tbullt l middotbull-l~LlaquoLcn - ~ 1 - 1 1 i I bull 1i

112 - V t ~Lt) - S - i l rt li- r bull t 9 ) _ 1 i h i- bull t -~-~H-1middot~ N l i - (~ l L ~ bull ~ - ~ V - r b ~ (bull bull ~ co l middot - _- r 1 r JU i - i~-~(bullnl1lbulllt I zmiddotJ-~~cLmiddotc - H-middotderrbull2 u 2 ~ - - i middott 11 2 - 1----~1-1middot

~

t - -r) r1 I bull ( - pound 1~~middotbull I1 ~

t _ I t1lt1

) tJ bull 1 - 1 v- cr1lt~bull 1 ) 1_ 1C t-- L - bull - L - Jr r- 1 gt bull i lt ~ - i I I lt lt bull l bull llVbull_~-r~lbullt 1-V-lS1 I t - fl~bull-~h11 II t I tmiddotIJ- -itmiddotcbullJ 1 bull 11 - 1 V - J f ti 17 ~ fbull bull I bull -~ 1middot gt1 V bull ~ - L t_Ctt i) ~

l 11 t ~ 1 ~ t 1H) 1lbullld

S middot1 cit 31 t-(LlPJ

wdd tgtas 1middot 11Jmiddot1 _J1 ms

t bull-ift1ttW~bull(_ - lv-1c~~l l bulli L _-~2tbull11L ~ bulli - l l~-jl hf-gt~gtmiddot ld--l[()cSVt~ - l v-_f-r1 bull I l d- J~ J tbullb I - I v-_hU l i bull I

0

---------------------------------

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~

SURFa(r microcpiT nc VfLlCfi

MULTTPLIF~= 1naoac~-01

I J ) b F- 4 ~ J j -= ~ r- ) r r 3 - 3 J = ~(bull 30 l 3 n ~ J= 1c 3r 2 -J 3 1 ) r iimiddot~ - 1 bull

J 6 30 9 2J 3u ~_i _1 I b f

J 5 JJ 2gt u Ibull~ ) c 20 Jc ~ 30 29 2J ) 11 311 )) ) I) Q ~

J= 3 3 31) 11 3middot_ - ~ 1 - J 2 3 30 3- ) 1 ) 3 (t 3 ~ SI ~ [I

J 3~ 30 gt - 3 r1 -S _bull 3 r n

SURFACF PR I -IT fJ- V 1bullmiddotL 1r middot f

MUL1fJLJr-l bull 1U n 0 rir - tl 2

1= ~ h fn I J 10 0 C

oi J 9 I 4 I 0 bull) - - n_w J= fl I J I b 0 -3-1 3 bull l J 7 l P oH n r 0-CP -t- - l J= 0 l 3 I 0 -~-1 1 - J ~ bullbull l 3 0

J= l -

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SURF~Cf PR T gt T lF- STPllTY

f-ULTIPLTFR 10bull0nDFbull(Imiddot

I I 2 3 u 5 6 I P 9 J I O 20 20 20 20 20 C D Q

J 8 O 20 c 0 middoto 20 ( 20 C J 7 O 20 0 cO P 21l 20 zn J 20 O 20 30 o 3~ J 20 ) J 5 20 C 20 30 30 30 2C 20 bull) J 4 20 20 20 30 a 3) 20 20 20 J 3 20 20 gtQ 20 O 20 20 20 20

- rr -- ~ -

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I I

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~

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(_bull I -- - r1 deg ~ I

- I

7] - 7 -((_ f - - - I r_ f_

I I -c = middot -

I _ r ~ I r(J lJ ----rJfbullt

- bull I I 7 1 ~I bull gt _ J 1

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--- (_bullrl

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4 I 0 I _J

H l II II H II ll U I II 11 11 fl II II 11 11 11 U 11 - ) - J -) _)

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Cmiddotmiddot 8t

II - II

lt II II

middot-middot ll C II

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C Cmiddot C

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C C -~ - _ C C

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i _ o o o omiddot - middot o o o x -oo--gtegtoc~ 0 --- C C 000

LL c lt o-occIJi-ru-- 0- a r- 0 n -

c 4

-- C cc C) V LL er

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C-85

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C c C C

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bull (r

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l

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C-87

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c----- ~ ~

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- C ct bull u If

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(_ I D--

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r I bull 0

-(

Wlf gt-(

_ ~- -shyc _ ~ + + +

7 Lr gt-_ middotshyc~ - CY -- I -) bull II J

-c I

r -__

_i ~ l_I w shy u bull 1 ~middot r I 0 t c C -middot ~r-- ltl I

-middot 1 - I I lt( I

I II 11 LI X I

r

- -- C

~v --- u c--- ~ - I-=middotltn~Lu U Ct r Libull

CJ 7 0

u w gt

) _ ~ J I middot7

lt J li1

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4 I - C ) 8gt-- I X x -

n- 1 - L

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lt I J -middot X i I U middoti ~

u -u1 lJ - uo

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7 I 0 2 IL - J N 0 I z I l 01 01 0 a I 3 Q I 0

C-88

C C

I

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C D

C

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u

r

7

C C diams I

LL _

-c laquo --- J J

l ~ -- J l ir lf r- W 1r

laquo r--

r_ (

C bull laquo laquo bull bull laquo laquo ~ ~

bull~- liIJ Jf C middot~bullJr JfJfJbullJ ~ J C -G bull r fbullI) Jbull C)

C C c C -D

laquo II

diams bull

f C t C NclI-CJ

t---

+ Cbull11

c C

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c bull shy~ -pound bull

-

-

I_ J t-

Lr JI

u ti ~=-__ bull lt

O C 1 c gt _ Lr c-r- t r- J r bullI -f ~

~ L

V [ I- - -- bull --c r 0 -r bullI - bull ( J - Ct P- bull( r_ ~OI-_laquo= -icr~

r-Lfbullf

-r ~ ~ bull

r r j JJ v

~ bull laquo bull ~

laquo -bullgtlt lt laquo ~

laquo L-CltLJ_ laquo-laquoLrl(ampfJJLf 3JlttX t J J Ji of ~ r lt -laquo diams ~ laquo

- - -- c -= C C C C C C =- C _ C - C i C C - = C O lt bull~ C C C C llllll-++bull-1- bullbullbull++++ ~~~~~~~~-J~~~----~~-~ ~ j ( C l C C 0- ~ -- ( - -r - _

_ct r- C r J X - I r~ C J _ 3 --~ - middot-- ~ ~ - c- - ~ ~ - r-- ~ - z ~ - ~ ~ E ~ D~c-~c~-2CltY~~~~~==shyt l 0 C t1 t) CC C -- r Lf C --- 0- C - t ~ Lf

t bull bull bull bull bull bull I

--------~---------c=ccec~~~~~cc~~ccco I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t I ~w-~~w~-bull~~w~u~uw~~ X- - =Y _ - - _ c- C - a 7 - X l fJO- -C N f c ~ J c --r I- bullI -j U Igt () r- middotc ctbull 0-0 - -r r f- er CI- rmiddot -o- t-- J rr -o- - Lf 11-xtJifJr--- --rec ~fa c-iD C - - ~bull tl ~ J V - - t - C C - CC CO - D

- - - -- __ - ( ( (_ _ t ~~~if~~~-c~-N~a~if~~~ J J f I I I I I I I I

lt

J

V

gt I I I I I I f I bull I I I I I I I I bull I I

o---~---o=oco~=c~oo~ c~~ccccoccccc~cccccc 4 flflllff-++4 diams +bull-t-flttT

L re )- w

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

- - - ---- - ( -- - -----ccccc~cc~ce~o=ceooo I I I I I I I I I E I I I I I I I I I

gt

IJ

1-J l J ~L LI _I I lamp bullL- ~ LL W LLI ~ U ~ JI lamp i

c~~~~c~~o~c~~a~N-Q~shyc CC -_ -t n t - r-1 c e -e - 1middot c -

gt gt 1 U Wu U _Wu LL U Li u Li 11 Uol w W middot li V- ___-cc(( x1-c~ruo-shy-r- f rJ - C C r X a r - J If ~ C r-- a C(

-shyr 0 - r-1 - - - J J ~ 3 - r f - J Jl N l c~-c-~c--a~~~~-=~~c o tJ v cc c middot o temiddot ~ - lJ tJi -D - o- c- - rv - bullbullbullbull t II bull bullbull f t bull t bull bull 0 I t t o

o-N~~-Or-~--------N~~~ -

C

r- C - Lf) r--- Cmiddot J _ - CJ- r-- fl I -o-- - C - -c J iO- - - 1 I C UIC Cc-o--N~~a~--N-co~com~

EE~~~~~N-~~-N~~S~Q~

_J C J

I I I I I I I I I I

0 u 0 u Cc u w l u ltI ~

N middot-r r pound) _ c 0-u lt

u 0 _ co c-

deg J

V a

C-89

C C

C

II ~

i

C C

-shy

bull

_

c r

I(

(

bull j( - c c r

C I

C

CC

rshy__ r-- c- lt gt

~

-

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-

r

lt

omiddot_ tr

I I I I i I

II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

rmiddot

-

L

I I I I I I I I

u

lt

-7 -middot

bull

J

C

-

_bullbull ~ LImiddot~-

=- -= - - = middot= - -middot C = C middot= C -- I C ~ -

t bullbullbullbullbull

I I I I I

middot ~ --- --= C ( _ C - C

J

r~

c C

I

-middot

I I I I 1 I I j yen

r

t

r

I

r

a

gt

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-

bull

lo L _ _ er

I I

I I

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r I I I

I I I I I _ IL I I I I

I I

t lt

_

__

Ct

I 1 I I + J

- f - _ f ( f -- ( -- ---- ) -- r - ~

- - r ~ c- --- --- - ( r _ - - middotr - -- ~ _ - lt __

- 1 -- - (_ -

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I J I

- -_ ( C

bull I I bull-- I - 1- - L L _ U J l L- J I I bullbull 1 ~-

7 -r -middot -middot - - w lt- -middot ~ 0 bullmiddot bull- r - r - - If - C -r- -r

- - f -middot -- -- _ - _Y _ rJ

--1oJ_ - f =~-C -~- _ 1 __ J ~ C - f - - -- -_ - f _

tr 0-

C-90

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C

C

_

middotr 11 J Lr laquo C C

-~ ~ ~bull-i -l C ~ laquo r

laquo ~ r

f-

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bullshyx r

II

bull r

bull ~

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laquo

[

C

bullL

C J

I I I

gt- I I

gt I I --- I t I tr

middotmiddot ~- I gt

I gt- I

I

t ) I -I

C- I _ I Q I Lmiddot _ I - I Cl I II

0 I I ltn I

I~

I I I I

I I I I I Ct

c_

-

J IL

middot- _ - middot- = middot C r - C t t c C ~ -- - - bull middot - -= -- -middot - lt=- - ~ I I I middotI middot+ middot+ bull + bull + + -+ + + + + _ -bull bull_ t i J bull- _ _ bull I L bull~ -middot bullmiddot bull t- ~ t C --- U _ - if - C r-- I J C -_ - r middoti - O r- middotJ middot _ - f J - J

~~---ltKr-~r-l~~c~~~~-- Imiddot - bullf J bull- ~ - r r - _ _ C C - I

- r v ~ f middot i -bull r I-- C - - L ( r _ f I bull bullbull I bull I I I I Ibull f I f I I

~1-lamp-----~~~~~~~~~

C I f t I I I I I I I I I I I I t I I I

lt ( r middot-= C ( cmiddot - r lt r- i- middot bull-bull

+ I I l + bull + + bull + + +- bull +- + -+ + + + 41 lJ JIJ -~ 1 t U _ U l -l bull l 1 Ubull bull~ cn~-ltr~r~-r~r~---~~ C - if -J middotbulln t ~ _ -middot middotJ r C J

_ _ I l t - J f O __ t- middot J r C C - _middotmiddot- bull - tr ~ _ bullmiddot - -- J _ ( C bull-f11f- ~I-- J ~ - J - - J (-

J II -ri

C-91

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II

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laquo II _J II

II II C

V II I

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middotc

II

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C C bull C C

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-

bull1 II C _ C laquo

C laquo ll C II

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C diams i -f

1 11 C ~ _

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ll V It laquo C C o

1-

H

bullcc laquo -~ C

umiddot bull cc-cbull~-- _- --

r II

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bullCC --r(CClt ---cmiddot--CS-=-shydiams laquo bull bull bullbull

+c-lt-ccccc-gtlt C cmiddot C ~- bull -ltl

fl bull 41 bull ill (

II II

--i

II II

_-------middotbull - - -1-bull

r i r- --

I i I I

___ __

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-------middot----gt C C C

I I I I I I I I

ii II laquo

I I

middot- L l _ J

~ C ~ ~ ~ ~ = r -- Jbull r-- middotmiddot - [ - ( ~ c ~ _ middot rr - I _ - - J C

- r f -

----

~ ~-- ~bull ~ ~

r r f -- 5 - Jmiddot - r

- - ~r-r--

f ~ X f _ middotc ~ l ~ ~- =c ~ ~ ~ - middot C =r C C r- - - -

- _ ~ r a -- c ~ lf X ~- _ C - --= = r ~ -r

II bull I - s = r- f- ~ - -- - ( (1

middot- II II

I ---rrJJf

ltd II

- II __- II l1 _i

II ~ II

_

(I) JI~

~ - I

I

middot I

I

I I I I I t I I I I I t I

= C C _-+ + +

L L t J IJ t_ J 7-~-~i OrLhC --r_ -- - C L r J- _ -- T--t~-=--c 7--shyc-r- ( middot-- middotir -- w (

I ~

- -J

--c -

1 I 1 t r

r r _ _ - _ ( middot ( ~ --(_ - --

Ebull C I C N1 o

VJ I

c

I 6 t I I I I I t I I I bull I I

- - 7 cmiddot C C - - - C -+ I I l I t I I I I I f I I I I

- 1r middotbull _ ~~~~~middot~~~~ - _Jr_~ ~ If~ C- C 0 c - -middot - _ J middot - -~ t _ X if - C - -- _ l~-~=JJCshy -J r i middot J -- ~ v - O - J

I middot- I -- - ~ - - - I _

~ -I

I

) lt

~ I T

U I L _ _ II

C J

r I C -

I I

C-92

C

+

C

II

C C

ltIt bull laquo laquo laquo bull laquo ti laquo - - ( fr I I CClaquo laquo =- C-J I t tJ C C tl ~

bull ~-0 Lf-v- c laquocc J-ir olaquobull~c -c c-cclaquo _ r-- C =- claquo II bull C t 0- - - t C c - -= (bull O middotbull lt - tt C C 41 _ + C I (JClaquolt diams O C bull laquo C C laquo C LI LI C r --- r J ~yenlaquo~ccbullccccc ~bull- iC c~ ~- bull= - tmiddot = ~ C laquo -bull

~ g ~ ~r ~ ~ ~ laquo laquo laquo oil bull 1( bull ~~-~-------~-~~~~~~0 C 0 --cc- CC-middot-=

t r I I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I t I I I I uJ uJ -4J J - w -middot l- __ i J ~ 1bull L middot~ L r 0lt-C ~c~~c--~-~-~~~--c N - II I ~~r~~-zrr~-~-~~~c~~~ r c 1 - I C - t middot- J -C _ ~ C cmiddot - If - - C f _cf_ f I C ( ~ r c ~ c t-- c j - ~ c = - ( ~~c~cr-rr~-~c-~-~~~ I I t ~ =1 ~ I - - t rv- -- middotr t - ~ r

I _ I

I I E I bull t I I C I I t I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

ll I er 1 J pf ~ J tJ nJ J lt-CCC ll I coc-c--cc--cccctmiddotc-cc-ccc I I I I r bull I I t I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

iL ~-Ju ~~~~~~w~~~~~~w~~~~~~0 ~lLffI a 0Ncc-c-~N~N-~r-~~~-shyCl) _( ( i c~~EE~~c-0v~~~~~arr~r r-- -1- lfI ~-~~ro-~~o-~~--~~P Cmiddot co~~~cc~~~c~~~~~-~c~

0- - =t D O~VN~~I~~c-0~-mc-N~1 ~ ~ c-

- t o~-N~-~f-OC~E~~------~ _

~

Q - u J - J

C c u 3 J Q

C-93

L+ L+ PROGRAM INPUT SUMMARY

Table 6 provides a summary of progrc1m input

C-57

Cgt 0

()l( 0 l(

[ l( l(

(_)U) 0 0 r1n Cl 0

H middoti 1 r D 0 l lJ lI II tJ l(Id

Ii l( I( 1 If [1 Li ll (1 lf lC rJ lJ l( micro tf LJ1 ti gt- H Lfbull-t Ht-middot-) t--i I- 4 0 ~ middot1 ~ I L( HI--[( f---~ 1-1 J t ra t- l (l N fJ I (J (I -i l J CJ rl (J r ---i J (Jr i II

~r microJ

~sr

u11 II tJ H t-()

-f I (J [-

~ t

rt [l t ~ bull r

t 1 n j ---E-lt 1l cl ltct() lt U) middot-J LbulllI l ( ) ~ (i (d Ei (L- 1 ~11 r_

II II (11 H n c Cl middot- r ~~ - Lil ( gt l bull rr l ~ ~ l1jH lL 1- cmiddot

fl] () n r rr_ E bull -t-f-bull 1-gt lrl bull( f bull ( uI t)

()() (1 )r- gt 1J

r Cl [1middot(poundmiddotbull I 1 n

gt- tl l bull middot1 0 ~

i_)middot) [ ltp U) II ~--l Id i -I 1 f rlU rmiddot- r

0 lLl [11 fl V) J middotl

-1 C) 11

(_)

r ~n0 i-~ II ~- gt 1)

[ fil fj

cl o n bullC)II tmiddot-gt- (1 t l CJ () ld f I J __ro rd 1-1

() r t l0 J ( middotf n o t_) hl C) lt_) VJ middotmiddotX r (J U) () C~ I- I o rr 1 + bull( Lrl lt( t -i ( rmiddot 11 ~ bull t bull ~Ul V) ITfrW (_ l bull 1 ~ bull ~i l i vJ middot r bullrnn 1 n l n C) 0

4- () f- -I H r l (J fr) r~ (J ( (l [ ) (1 (bull) Ci)

0 C) (-1 i V) Ct N bull[) (() rl C II II 11 --~ l Lil Cl1 f) 1-middotl I-lt co

() lto ~1~ c J n I

[-J n =- ~ Ci gt-~ ~- (J --iumiddoti

gtmiddot C1gt1- - r1i I- bull

bull-l o bl gtbl(~ - 11 er (_) ~-) gt middot ~ ~ ) r1 ~ - U) bull 0 [) () - ) ~ () u ri --i [cl~

() CJ er~ (J [~Cl~ 01 n (il (1

(_) gt-- 1-l ii c [J

lt ~ II middot ~ X UJ -z t middotIp_ J 0 () Li 0 S [) --i 0 ~J r-1 P-lt gt - er (-lt [) 11 ti) t- II u ~3

- rn i n bull( lol cbull (-J] ~er IT 10-

ld Id ll lt z C T () CJ p - ( ~ ~lt J~ -I C)

r l CJ r i r-1 1--IO C) _ ~ 0 0 0 () - 6 ~-1 bull( 1 -1 middot C) ) -~ () Ormiddot-z L- =~ cr- z

__ E-~ [-lt ~ H0 II II II II II - l~ c 7- C) =----= UJ -~ n bull __ i-- ___ ~ro ~shyE-bullH Cl_ bull t 1 F ~ er - J 1 ~ (l U) -middotJ Q o ~-~ (l) ~ tJ~ ~j H ltr i--l J gtmiddot ) I s vl n c f (J bullE-lt u u () ~ - - u n o 0 (1 () bulll LI) t ) rd fbullJ C [cl ---() lt (J [) m ~rn

0000 0 () () (J - cJ - middotbull-l ~ en fl bull a ltmiddotcgt === u [t FioD middot) () ) Cl(L] i microJ ) co_ CJ rJnnnci on nn(tj f t -bull I-~ I-middot~ r I rbull1 f -1 1 -middot ) t-l I bull H _ 7- 1--1 _ i-~ __E-

U)

tJ n [J (J E- ~1~ z w

(rl [d 0 ~ D 0

u w H lt 0 n u OE~ cr E-bull er gtlt =-~ n Zlt ltC

E-lt 0 rr n - fmiddotbull E--lt (J H () 0 OE--lt

H -- H C)u 0 i [) crz bulli ll microJ n ~-- micro - ltC H Cl H lmiddot-lt E~ n [1 Q C(J z lt )U en

(-lt n _- n n z lt( H 0

b cw lt

w uz 0 ~ ( er

(- -~ olS f-1 [) [) H middot0 rd H lt 0 ltO _

lt P-lt ltC CI) u 0

C-58

5 CAVEATS

This section provides some helpfu1 points on assernbJj_np

the data and interpreting the output

C-59

--

S 1 STEILTTY ASSIGNMT~Tf

Since the stability profile (stored in STAB) alters the

computed wind field it is import to 1ssign the su1bi1 middoti ty layer 1)y

layer such that the intended profile is effected The point to

remember is that the stability of a given layer is assigned to

the top interface of that layer For example if it is desired

to simulate an atmosphere with the third layer stable and all the

other layers unstable the fol lowinr ass ignrnen t must f)e fo 1 J owed

physic3lly assignment

A A ~-

A A --- --middot---

-- A A middot-

A A --

A A

E E

E~+1 A

thus STd3 ( 2) 5

and STAB (3) 5

C-60

52 GRID SIZE

If IMPACT is used to evaluate the effects on air quality

due to point sources the grid size (DX DY) should be equal to or less than the plume width at the surface concentration maximum

If DX or DY is too large the maximum surface concentration will

be smoothed and lower concentration values will be predicted

Typical zone sizes are from 500 to 1000 meters for DX DY and

25 to 100 meters for DZ

C-61

5 3 NUMBER OF SPECIFIED wum SITES

If an excessive number of wind sites are used the asshy

signment of high confidence levels to each site will result in

an unrealistic wind field if the data is not compatable A rule

of thumb for determining the maximum number of ~igh confidence

level wind sites is N = (NXmiddotNY) divided by 40~40 If the

number of wind sites exceeds N reduce the confidence values

assigned to the winct data

C-62

5 4 MYRUP RlNZIERI DIFFUSIVITY MODEL

When using the MyrupRanzieri Model (IDODIF = l) the

user should take care that an inversion base and top are defined

everywhere in the grid That is the stability values go from

less than 45 at the surface to greater than 4J and then to less

than 45 again Otherwise the model may calculate large vertical

diffusivities (limited to 1000 m2 sec) even under stable conditions

when DZmiddotNZ is greater than 500 to 1000 meters The advection

diffusion time step will be limited in these circumstances to 2approximately At= 00008 (DZ) if DZ is equal to 100 meters

then At equal 8 seconds A time step of 8 seconds requires 450

advectiondiffusion cycles per hour which will result in long

run times for multiple-species multiple-hour simulations

C-63

5 5 LOCATION OF PODlT A1D REA SOURCES

Due to the boundary conditions specified for the second

order advectiondiffusion algorithm placing point or area sources

in cells at the edge of the cornputationnJ domain will result in an

over predictibn of pollutant concentrations The user should take

care that all point and area sources are at least one cell removed

from the boundary

i---------r-middot------ -r------r--~ f ) I i 1 bull kbull -+----- -+----i--middotmiddot- middotmiddot--middot~middot-middot middotbull---i

----~+__ i -+-~--Avoid placing I i

sources in the ___________ -----~--l shaded cells _J

i l t L J j L bull l j

i I

C-64

6 0 EXAMPLE PR OBJ EM

A simplified exemplnry problem designed to demonstrate

several of the features and options avnilable in the IMPACT code

is described below Section 61 illustrates the input file and

section 62 is the program output

The problem illustrated below is a grid of dimensions

NX =NY= 9 NZ= 7 DX= 750 DY= 500 DZ= 100 The shaded

area indicates the non-zero terrain (height= 1000 feet) Five

surface roughness data are specified (Z 0 ) although they arc not

required since IDODIF = 3 (DEPICT diffusivity)

9

8

7

t 6 J 5

4

3

z z

2

1 ~_________________z__

s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I~

The problem is to be run for 2 hours with wind and stabilitybull

data specified (wind at w stability at s) each hour Sulfate chem-

istry is selected (IDOCEM = 3) and there is sirnulati~n of both a

point source P with a user-specified 6h and emission equal to

10 gsec tracer 500 gsec S02 and no SO~ and an area source

indicated by the cross hatched area with emissions per grid cell

equal to 2 gsec tracer and 270 gsec S02 Background concentrashy

tions (B) are set to 00 for all levels and all species The wind

direction remains constant at 270deg for both hours while the wind

speed changes from 30 msec to J 5 msec The stability profile

is unstable to neutral to st1ble the first hour changing to comshy

pletely stable the second hour

C-65

hJ EXAMPLE 110BLEM INPUT FILE

0 z w

II C

C(f)

zc __o_ a

liJ 7 NC C C w fl

J a coo

C

C z

CN 7 rrN

Q bullUHCCO

u - u-gt -~ C lt --- cv

ifI 10 O C 0 0 --CO C

LJ Ii -gt C 0 )- o-- -- 1- - U II

rmiddot Z C 0 cmiddot -C C -0OJrOClt 0 1 0 CC

o= __ l_l lt C C I bull bull

- -- 0 o) 0 I 0 middott ll bull - CO o

J t-)O O C 0

oouu---_ t J bullbullbull

t bullw-ccoc-o ex c-ouu

C 00 D lf 00 r

-Dgt- cooii -- 0 Co-- II U

(bull Cl J--Ln Z _I

r--- 3 0 O C 0 (J 00 0 _ 0 UCO 0 gtlt C c C

o-- C

-0--0-V--Nlf bullNshy bull tfI bull tI t-1 bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ bull -O N c O 00000000 o -D 0r z _ 0 r-- (J- (J (Jo a

t-~t- ----~bull--fl--0- 0-1f-V middot-shy bull-ru bull-tJ bull-- - uI U) -0 a N 0 oc000000ltgtOD

C-66

--------------------u2 EXJMPLE PROBLEM OUTPUT

II N II

ltC r

c-

C

C

C

II 11

r gt C C 0

-

QC

er

0

II gtlt 2

~ C

L 0 Q - 0

C C

Q C

1 C

II

II

C 0 r

)- c

0 C C

v r r II O II

t- z c 0 -~-=-

- J 0 l tr -11 1-C-_O Ogtlt 1--cc lgtO -gt-shy _

C-67

lt 2

L LL lf - x L c C -lti 1- C I - ~ v Ci lti ~ ltt - c _ l --_ X

Z ~ if ltI~ i z

_ _ -- J

bullbull u

_ 1 lt t 1 l J-

laquo

L _ 0

C

laquo 1lt -

C-68

bull bull

---------

bullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull

middotbullbullbull~

bull ltsTUL STAlf flf llfF ~YSTfM bullbull bullbullbull-~~+middot

fPA(T T t S l P fJ n fi I f ~

GRTD r-P 1-1 I Jmiddot

TfFhf A~t q (rlLS Jos Ill~~ T-1f_[TJlN ~11H IJfllA ~ If 75(1iM YftllllC A TIIHl fXTlNT tlF t750 bull (IM

l 1~1gt gtlt[ (ti LS j lHF y LTllf[l fl)N ~tlH ~ ntL TA y nv con~M qEL(JNG h TtTAt FJltT[Jl rt ~ltOn o- THJ ~f M~~ 011S rrr 1r I gtfffllr- A nrll Z llf n (I bull n Y t I rlT 11 A T 1T~ I r X T f I I l bull 7on o]

GP Ill 10 I H1 AT l 1

() I

Q ( b7~nn 4~UOP 7ro n)

0 lbulltbullbullmiddotmiddotbullbull~Ajl~A~AAAI~

bull bull

kbullbullbullbull~A~ diams

bullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbulltbullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

+I bull bullbull

J~~bullbullbull~~middotmiddot~bullbullbullAAA~A+~ttbull~ diams

1)1 o~ 011) +~

bullbull bull- bull -

- ()

c

CL C

(

r r

cshy u -shyC er

C

u lt o~ z

- 0

ex _ f

lt 1

U gtshyc

()

0

C _ C

-shyi

u shyZI () )

I C I I

ltI ltgt I wl CL I

c

w r

u

w r

I 0 0

u C_ I JJ- Z I

I u er I

I 0 ~ I

I - - I I c a U I

C u _ ()

w C w a

C-70

CCC

C _

-- IJJ

~ C lt w 0

a a 4J co

4- gt w gtgtlt C Cl er

QC= L1J

z - l V V

CC C C C c

C cmiddot

u w

~t N

oc - C C

C

X lt lt Cbull C T z z CC 0

~- V CC C W~2 -- co a-

u ltl gt gt -t I lt lt a -- a

l -_

en v a _ _ -z _ c C

lo- bullbullbull -- CC

=-

a w u

l t l w

lI

l

wli6J W ~ za - -o Q 0 = 0 0

lt C

= 0 gtO-gt

_ - - - C N bull bull bull bull bull

C O Co-

n lt(

w I V a I w

I I I w z r

--o-- gt-J

r I JJ () of I J

ltl er I

a ----a-o-11 0 u

z _ 0

0 z

w w

I-

C-71

C C

II

-middot lt gt

i

C

C ~ bull bull laquo bull laquo laquo ~ ~ ~ bull ~ laquo ~ ~ C C ~ = C C C ~ ~ laquocccc---cclaquoc bullCCCCCCCCC-t laquo C bull- bull bull_ -middot ~ C lt- ltmiddot - r 11cccccrccclaquo bull---c __ _u laquoCCC CCCtrt fl_= -c-=-laquo laquo C C C _~ C laquo _ laquoccc ccclaquolt bullccc c-ltcbullgt bull C C C C C C laquo laquoccotcc-middotc~ bull cc- -0( C C

ccci C C C C c C C laquo r

- - CC- C ~ laquo -rc-ccc--=rbullx laquocccoc-c ~ fl ii laquo 1 bull +

-----~~~~~~~n~nnn~~c~=~~=acoo~~==~~~=~shy++++ +- +1- + -++ diams lt1- + I ibull Jbull L J -~ I ~ ~- gt_

I - C) C ( - f r n (J r r - r r T --shy

o cc c - - ~~ca c ~ ~ ~ ~ = ~ ~ ~ J 0 I -C C r ( =- - lt ( X - r a r - c

]

-f

_ c

C C C

c C C

bull C C

-=- -

(Jt-0-~c---~ ~ r- ~ - lt~c~-cn-~~~r-n~r~rc

- tt middot- c r- c--

a J I I I I I I I I bullbull I I t I I I I r _ t cc-_ cc-==

~------~NNN~~~~~~~~~ CCCCCCCltCCC CO - - CC +++-+++bull-+

i Imiddot_ II u -_WII _i_bull L i i _ - 1 1 ubull Ubull l_

C LL C

cc --c-- ~ ~ c

o~~~~o~-~~~~~~~~~~~~ C

u r

ccocc---r--CCta middottc--r- crmN-O~~c~-r~~-~~~~ncNr~~~mo-~~-~T~~~cr~~shy

C C c

c f C f 0 C bull ~~ rJ ~ lJI C i_ - __ f - X C tC CCC CCC CC

C - r J 0 T-- Cl ~_ - -- - - - _ J n rJ J 1J II

r O LL

c u a C lt( Cgt

a - 0-0--ctrlI-

0 - a

O w

J gt i

U U II 11 11 11 II Ii II 11__JJ----

C-72

~ C ~ C C O C C lt r

LfrCCCllCmiddotC C

ltC 1C-CCrllOOC er a uJ llcccccoco-

c rvoooooocicc - N

-ccccooocc

tr0t---DIJlfrllfJ-5 )

11 II II It ll ti N It II II w ) _-- u

C-73

C I

C

C

C

- 0 CC yen C C lt- -9 c

r_ r

I -yen I u- r_ yen

ii ~ Ui I diams h it - ( c cu bull Cc tc bullr c cc Jt fl - c- 0 0- 0- middotshy lt bull tr c X r lf bullgt

-f -c ~ pound j bull f tr bull i

-tt-middotbull - er bull I - ~

laquo ( r

- - - -middot - -middot - - - - - - - - - -- _ -middot ~ C -cltcmiddotc_-~c

I I I I I t I I I i I I I I I I 1 I +

-i I u J ] J LI 1- J _ _ middot _ - - _ -

lt r imiddot - _ i- r ~- c lt cmiddot - -- - c - ~

- lt c cmiddot o ltmiddot ~ -- - --_middot lt -_- ~ -- - - - ~ -=-c~CCO -cc -cmiddotc-shymiddotf f =- r c 1 0 u ~r -- r - _ -

-middot I- I C rr C I I-- - C C J C middot ~ rbull I -C - U I J r f ~ I -

I - I c I _ I J

I - 1middot I i I I I I I I I J I I I f I I I I I I

- Ir ) iJ

_- I _ I cc-ccc-cc=c-c -cr- I I I 1 I I t I I ~ l I I I I I I t I I I I I -y I

I Jbull L _ I 1 bull 1 1 __ _ _ 1 _ v 1 Ia u I I

bull I =- t C = lt 7 C - bull C bull (bull lt C 0 C _ C I v- _ I C - (middot - C r r C C C _- C r-_ C ( - C lt 1middot C lt -~ I middot= c Cmiddot ~ - - = -r - r i _ J cmiddot I ~ I C f _middot J C- J [ f ( If middotmiddot f = f C J _ C

) I r - r J _ - C cf 0- 1 -- -middot f - I

CO I II I

- I

C I I - I I I - - -~ I tJ rll II bullJ -

Clt I UIO I I L I r - I

U I u -- I l I 0- I I - I

Clt I er I I U II II 11 11 11 II 11 11 11~

u I - ) ~ 1 ) -gt ~ ) - -

gt bull rr bullbull bull z bull _ _ bull V) bull laquo

z - l bull

-

bullf

C

-_ middot - --~ _

V

L

lt

r middot [ _

lt - r - I ( - J c-

- bullr

_ middot

C-75

r

-

1

bull bull

bull laquo

V

T C

-

er

J

V

-- lC

r

CL C

Le C

-

~ C 7 Cbull

laquo w

z LL C Cle

~ u laquo Q

gt ltI laquo laquo laquo

bull laquobulllaquobull laquo

laquo

laquo

7

C r

J C

X u lt(

CC- C

CC-

V) - 0 r J

-w

r

z -

l -

JN

z -

C

z

z

L

u ltXl

t

-_ c C = -- - ltf - C r_

CCC C CC

-iccc_cc C-

ltGCCCCCC

z -

lt i - l i J ~ J ~ - ~ a

- =-middot + - + ~ J w C _- C 0

Q C- C C C 0 lt( c=cc0 0 - C C c lt

-gt oc o-=

0 _J 11 11 11 U It l 0 w V

- ~ w i I-- (t Ct

lt - ) tr ~ (l ~

~ltV) VJ J I O - u J -d I l r ~- CC f l1 U D U f C I_ Z

-11 -w--~ I O UZ Z

2 i -1 u ~ 11--0 J er tr ashy~ i 1 i ~v- ltt q

C-76

I

_

gt C

bull C I I - II _

l -L -

+ bull

II

JJ

V II J bull -

Cmiddot = - bull I _shy

Ibull x 1

l r II

0- C 11 middot-bullbull lt C

r C

C _Jc II

- + J1-L gt bull-1---

~ G ~ --

bull C C r- I

LL C If

t IIlaquo~__-t

(1 + bull - r C fl

lt u lu Urbull

C

c

I

_ r- C a V c cmiddot cbull + + +

~ I W i_ ~~1 I

ui -l IO gt-middot -U r---

Ct --

o C C C

- _J ~ f lt r -l- bull w

V

r C

z I

~ middot ~ 1 J bull ~

u I II

gtlt I I _J

Le I bull~

tf

~

--_middot)

II

i

l

~ I j_jLl Ct - I CtmiddotC i ct I J

I f U _ ) I=gt 7-

shy u omiddot

gt 0

J r - i Igtlt X - I-~ Ll - C- I _ L IX J er 1) C C t I 1 C ~ Li

o J h bull

lt i_

Ll Ilt w I~

I l Un c I Z I

I

-0

2 -= J J 0

shy

al I Jr I 0 n

C-77

SURFACF PLnr OF IJ Vf1_0CyiY____ ______ __ C[1 cf n U9 I f Vr L ~

PLOT (HAP TltT[iVAL

n nooon0Fbullno - l7[bullJSbullj

JJ4JltJF-Oj - l21F-11 3ug_3l=-n1 - ~ ~ 1- i- - ~

5 bull I IJ S F - 0 l - h A~gt~ l ~i_ r 1 2 h bull gt- h 7 c - 1) l - 11 gt 1 oltJ le -

gtllt7ol3E-1 - 1 bull n 2 fllt 1middot + n n 3 t oct1S1+f)O - l I qQ93f + 1 (

1 rqg1-_+00 - t~~i-bullv 4 t3713~+01) - l bull S 1J 2 7 l t ~

14(7H+n0 - I bull 7 t 1J I u f +-1 C 5 I bull l I lC + 0 0 - 11likle bull0bull1

llH1[F 00 - c0ltJl)l bull00 b 2nSlnF+0) - bull fl jll [ bull ~ 0

2 i 1 tl IJI t middot) - t ~l9fh +( 0 7 bull S-i1 -~ + ( U - bull t T I Hi_ -+ ~ 1

lHF+Ol - bull 7 J f +- shy

I z 74270 qo - bull I) I IJ t t + J 2 bull q l ltl 1 F + 0 11 - 3H5-1lt hllt

q 3-uHSuE n1 - 3)thncr ~rr

$2-ln45F_l1 - ~1H~- rri() I

--J OJ

SURFACF PLC flF V VELbulll~ll

(IJll1l IJVLLS

PLOT CHA9 1 1 [ lt J Al

0 -~ll[t77f-~I - -1-1 ~SoQf bullr I -6 13gtngtF-11 -s J ~ 1 1~ - bull) 1

I - bull I - 31 ~ ~ - 1 1 - bull 7 71 I bull r 1 -u717bull-~1 - t1 ntJ0 0sr -r

2 - u bull O1 u SF - r1 l - 11OP middot 7 t - 1) l -34~c1f-~1 - -27z1oh~F-11

3 - 2 bull 1 h F - 1 l - -nolt01F-1 - z 0 ltl F - I) - -1h3r-r1

Q -1 333-11 -k A 1~t~ -r -6tlgt2F-n bull gto()t~~i=-h

5 21101lt1zE-01gt - 1gtll17oPl-o u111 lnbullf-02 - 11middotqof-01

I l36YQ~middot-n1 - 2 0 0 lt I) H - l I 204gtn7-11 - 27gtn75f-nt

7 272b7F-)I - LJolltIIE-01 3401i3[-01 - O 0ltl0 I If - I

I lt1oqo11i-01 - U7771fbull0 471179-01 - 50107pound-01

q 5 bull 4 i 3 Q 7 F - l I - gtbullI 3c 1 lt[ bull11 I

Jlil1t-11tct-fbull-l1ti111t--

lt bull h~QC) 77 ooor7

bull flbull 77 0 nn 77 l~t10 r 7 7 bull RPQQ JIO middot~bullAtA~-~ttibullt~j v AX Imiddot V ~ L F I bull 1 II -r 7 F diams 0 C ~middot r 1-J r bullr i Ai_ I 1t ~ () 11 1 fl I (I- middotj bull

~~ ~bull~bulltbull bullltltltlt~ bull lti ltlt

5S)Ch(CC J Ii

- rlc

bull i lt - lt gt 4 ~ 1111 5i ltClti

LI 0 0 lt)tlltl)C-lt

bull lt-iS ltltltlt bull scsijcc) bull ~ i cltc bullltlt

bull-tbulli11bullw11Jr+ ~ bullbull 1~t111

~Xlllll_VAltgtf 1lltnHgtF-01 middot 1 ( r ~ t 1~ v A - bull c =- n A 1 1 r - (1 1

C C

C C

J

shy i

C

+ u Le C C

~ + laquo laquo ~ laquo ~ ~ bull -k ~ C laquo C C ( C C C C C -k C _ C - C C C yen C fl( C C C lt- C C ( ( o1ot

+cc-cr--c __ -cc-cccc~middotcc fl CO 1middot C C _CC C C C C- 4ic ~ bull cmiddot CCC_ -1 CC c ( c cmiddot bull c~ =middot - Cc C tmiddot ltI

~ C C r -- ( C gt C c C ( 1(CClt CCCC rcc~ ccc

bull laquo laquo bull

tc O J C 0

CCC

( -C r r C Cmiddot J J I J r v L r L

-L-=-

-fl

fl f( J

bull laquo II bull J bullmiddot lt bullbullgt

~-- C C bull- C c_ C C bull__gt-cmiddot--~c-c

41

r- 0 - 0-

C C C CC C- bull 7 C C

+ laquo C ~

C _- C -ti laquo

-1 ~ l

laquo bull

C laquo

O bull laquo

-= C - +

C lt

C r C c r r C 7 C C - C - _ middot + + +-++-+t-++

-

~ C - C- - _ - - - _ -middot - - - - -c --_ r_ middot 1 C _-- - C Cmiddot o C +++++ diams~ -t++-+++

- - -bull-w-~-~~~-~-~-w~~ r I -X - J ( ~ - l -L C 0 _ CC

C - c- - - - ~ Jbull Cu 1shy ~r =- r - t C _I r_ - - ~~ _bull

- ~ r C lfmiddot (

-- r--

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I 6 t I I I I I t I I I bull I I

- - 7 cmiddot C C - - - C -+ I I l I t I I I I I f I I I I

- 1r middotbull _ ~~~~~middot~~~~ - _Jr_~ ~ If~ C- C 0 c - -middot - _ J middot - -~ t _ X if - C - -- _ l~-~=JJCshy -J r i middot J -- ~ v - O - J

I middot- I -- - ~ - - - I _

~ -I

I

) lt

~ I T

U I L _ _ II

C J

r I C -

I I

C-92

C

+

C

II

C C

ltIt bull laquo laquo laquo bull laquo ti laquo - - ( fr I I CClaquo laquo =- C-J I t tJ C C tl ~

bull ~-0 Lf-v- c laquocc J-ir olaquobull~c -c c-cclaquo _ r-- C =- claquo II bull C t 0- - - t C c - -= (bull O middotbull lt - tt C C 41 _ + C I (JClaquolt diams O C bull laquo C C laquo C LI LI C r --- r J ~yenlaquo~ccbullccccc ~bull- iC c~ ~- bull= - tmiddot = ~ C laquo -bull

~ g ~ ~r ~ ~ ~ laquo laquo laquo oil bull 1( bull ~~-~-------~-~~~~~~0 C 0 --cc- CC-middot-=

t r I I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I t I I I I uJ uJ -4J J - w -middot l- __ i J ~ 1bull L middot~ L r 0lt-C ~c~~c--~-~-~~~--c N - II I ~~r~~-zrr~-~-~~~c~~~ r c 1 - I C - t middot- J -C _ ~ C cmiddot - If - - C f _cf_ f I C ( ~ r c ~ c t-- c j - ~ c = - ( ~~c~cr-rr~-~c-~-~~~ I I t ~ =1 ~ I - - t rv- -- middotr t - ~ r

I _ I

I I E I bull t I I C I I t I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

ll I er 1 J pf ~ J tJ nJ J lt-CCC ll I coc-c--cc--cccctmiddotc-cc-ccc I I I I r bull I I t I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

iL ~-Ju ~~~~~~w~~~~~~w~~~~~~0 ~lLffI a 0Ncc-c-~N~N-~r-~~~-shyCl) _( ( i c~~EE~~c-0v~~~~~arr~r r-- -1- lfI ~-~~ro-~~o-~~--~~P Cmiddot co~~~cc~~~c~~~~~-~c~

0- - =t D O~VN~~I~~c-0~-mc-N~1 ~ ~ c-

- t o~-N~-~f-OC~E~~------~ _

~

Q - u J - J

C c u 3 J Q

C-93

Cgt 0

()l( 0 l(

[ l( l(

(_)U) 0 0 r1n Cl 0

H middoti 1 r D 0 l lJ lI II tJ l(Id

Ii l( I( 1 If [1 Li ll (1 lf lC rJ lJ l( micro tf LJ1 ti gt- H Lfbull-t Ht-middot-) t--i I- 4 0 ~ middot1 ~ I L( HI--[( f---~ 1-1 J t ra t- l (l N fJ I (J (I -i l J CJ rl (J r ---i J (Jr i II

~r microJ

~sr

u11 II tJ H t-()

-f I (J [-

~ t

rt [l t ~ bull r

t 1 n j ---E-lt 1l cl ltct() lt U) middot-J LbulllI l ( ) ~ (i (d Ei (L- 1 ~11 r_

II II (11 H n c Cl middot- r ~~ - Lil ( gt l bull rr l ~ ~ l1jH lL 1- cmiddot

fl] () n r rr_ E bull -t-f-bull 1-gt lrl bull( f bull ( uI t)

()() (1 )r- gt 1J

r Cl [1middot(poundmiddotbull I 1 n

gt- tl l bull middot1 0 ~

i_)middot) [ ltp U) II ~--l Id i -I 1 f rlU rmiddot- r

0 lLl [11 fl V) J middotl

-1 C) 11

(_)

r ~n0 i-~ II ~- gt 1)

[ fil fj

cl o n bullC)II tmiddot-gt- (1 t l CJ () ld f I J __ro rd 1-1

() r t l0 J ( middotf n o t_) hl C) lt_) VJ middotmiddotX r (J U) () C~ I- I o rr 1 + bull( Lrl lt( t -i ( rmiddot 11 ~ bull t bull ~Ul V) ITfrW (_ l bull 1 ~ bull ~i l i vJ middot r bullrnn 1 n l n C) 0

4- () f- -I H r l (J fr) r~ (J ( (l [ ) (1 (bull) Ci)

0 C) (-1 i V) Ct N bull[) (() rl C II II 11 --~ l Lil Cl1 f) 1-middotl I-lt co

() lto ~1~ c J n I

[-J n =- ~ Ci gt-~ ~- (J --iumiddoti

gtmiddot C1gt1- - r1i I- bull

bull-l o bl gtbl(~ - 11 er (_) ~-) gt middot ~ ~ ) r1 ~ - U) bull 0 [) () - ) ~ () u ri --i [cl~

() CJ er~ (J [~Cl~ 01 n (il (1

(_) gt-- 1-l ii c [J

lt ~ II middot ~ X UJ -z t middotIp_ J 0 () Li 0 S [) --i 0 ~J r-1 P-lt gt - er (-lt [) 11 ti) t- II u ~3

- rn i n bull( lol cbull (-J] ~er IT 10-

ld Id ll lt z C T () CJ p - ( ~ ~lt J~ -I C)

r l CJ r i r-1 1--IO C) _ ~ 0 0 0 () - 6 ~-1 bull( 1 -1 middot C) ) -~ () Ormiddot-z L- =~ cr- z

__ E-~ [-lt ~ H0 II II II II II - l~ c 7- C) =----= UJ -~ n bull __ i-- ___ ~ro ~shyE-bullH Cl_ bull t 1 F ~ er - J 1 ~ (l U) -middotJ Q o ~-~ (l) ~ tJ~ ~j H ltr i--l J gtmiddot ) I s vl n c f (J bullE-lt u u () ~ - - u n o 0 (1 () bulll LI) t ) rd fbullJ C [cl ---() lt (J [) m ~rn

0000 0 () () (J - cJ - middotbull-l ~ en fl bull a ltmiddotcgt === u [t FioD middot) () ) Cl(L] i microJ ) co_ CJ rJnnnci on nn(tj f t -bull I-~ I-middot~ r I rbull1 f -1 1 -middot ) t-l I bull H _ 7- 1--1 _ i-~ __E-

U)

tJ n [J (J E- ~1~ z w

(rl [d 0 ~ D 0

u w H lt 0 n u OE~ cr E-bull er gtlt =-~ n Zlt ltC

E-lt 0 rr n - fmiddotbull E--lt (J H () 0 OE--lt

H -- H C)u 0 i [) crz bulli ll microJ n ~-- micro - ltC H Cl H lmiddot-lt E~ n [1 Q C(J z lt )U en

(-lt n _- n n z lt( H 0

b cw lt

w uz 0 ~ ( er

(- -~ olS f-1 [) [) H middot0 rd H lt 0 ltO _

lt P-lt ltC CI) u 0

C-58

5 CAVEATS

This section provides some helpfu1 points on assernbJj_np

the data and interpreting the output

C-59

--

S 1 STEILTTY ASSIGNMT~Tf

Since the stability profile (stored in STAB) alters the

computed wind field it is import to 1ssign the su1bi1 middoti ty layer 1)y

layer such that the intended profile is effected The point to

remember is that the stability of a given layer is assigned to

the top interface of that layer For example if it is desired

to simulate an atmosphere with the third layer stable and all the

other layers unstable the fol lowinr ass ignrnen t must f)e fo 1 J owed

physic3lly assignment

A A ~-

A A --- --middot---

-- A A middot-

A A --

A A

E E

E~+1 A

thus STd3 ( 2) 5

and STAB (3) 5

C-60

52 GRID SIZE

If IMPACT is used to evaluate the effects on air quality

due to point sources the grid size (DX DY) should be equal to or less than the plume width at the surface concentration maximum

If DX or DY is too large the maximum surface concentration will

be smoothed and lower concentration values will be predicted

Typical zone sizes are from 500 to 1000 meters for DX DY and

25 to 100 meters for DZ

C-61

5 3 NUMBER OF SPECIFIED wum SITES

If an excessive number of wind sites are used the asshy

signment of high confidence levels to each site will result in

an unrealistic wind field if the data is not compatable A rule

of thumb for determining the maximum number of ~igh confidence

level wind sites is N = (NXmiddotNY) divided by 40~40 If the

number of wind sites exceeds N reduce the confidence values

assigned to the winct data

C-62

5 4 MYRUP RlNZIERI DIFFUSIVITY MODEL

When using the MyrupRanzieri Model (IDODIF = l) the

user should take care that an inversion base and top are defined

everywhere in the grid That is the stability values go from

less than 45 at the surface to greater than 4J and then to less

than 45 again Otherwise the model may calculate large vertical

diffusivities (limited to 1000 m2 sec) even under stable conditions

when DZmiddotNZ is greater than 500 to 1000 meters The advection

diffusion time step will be limited in these circumstances to 2approximately At= 00008 (DZ) if DZ is equal to 100 meters

then At equal 8 seconds A time step of 8 seconds requires 450

advectiondiffusion cycles per hour which will result in long

run times for multiple-species multiple-hour simulations

C-63

5 5 LOCATION OF PODlT A1D REA SOURCES

Due to the boundary conditions specified for the second

order advectiondiffusion algorithm placing point or area sources

in cells at the edge of the cornputationnJ domain will result in an

over predictibn of pollutant concentrations The user should take

care that all point and area sources are at least one cell removed

from the boundary

i---------r-middot------ -r------r--~ f ) I i 1 bull kbull -+----- -+----i--middotmiddot- middotmiddot--middot~middot-middot middotbull---i

----~+__ i -+-~--Avoid placing I i

sources in the ___________ -----~--l shaded cells _J

i l t L J j L bull l j

i I

C-64

6 0 EXAMPLE PR OBJ EM

A simplified exemplnry problem designed to demonstrate

several of the features and options avnilable in the IMPACT code

is described below Section 61 illustrates the input file and

section 62 is the program output

The problem illustrated below is a grid of dimensions

NX =NY= 9 NZ= 7 DX= 750 DY= 500 DZ= 100 The shaded

area indicates the non-zero terrain (height= 1000 feet) Five

surface roughness data are specified (Z 0 ) although they arc not

required since IDODIF = 3 (DEPICT diffusivity)

9

8

7

t 6 J 5

4

3

z z

2

1 ~_________________z__

s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I~

The problem is to be run for 2 hours with wind and stabilitybull

data specified (wind at w stability at s) each hour Sulfate chem-

istry is selected (IDOCEM = 3) and there is sirnulati~n of both a

point source P with a user-specified 6h and emission equal to

10 gsec tracer 500 gsec S02 and no SO~ and an area source

indicated by the cross hatched area with emissions per grid cell

equal to 2 gsec tracer and 270 gsec S02 Background concentrashy

tions (B) are set to 00 for all levels and all species The wind

direction remains constant at 270deg for both hours while the wind

speed changes from 30 msec to J 5 msec The stability profile

is unstable to neutral to st1ble the first hour changing to comshy

pletely stable the second hour

C-65

hJ EXAMPLE 110BLEM INPUT FILE

0 z w

II C

C(f)

zc __o_ a

liJ 7 NC C C w fl

J a coo

C

C z

CN 7 rrN

Q bullUHCCO

u - u-gt -~ C lt --- cv

ifI 10 O C 0 0 --CO C

LJ Ii -gt C 0 )- o-- -- 1- - U II

rmiddot Z C 0 cmiddot -C C -0OJrOClt 0 1 0 CC

o= __ l_l lt C C I bull bull

- -- 0 o) 0 I 0 middott ll bull - CO o

J t-)O O C 0

oouu---_ t J bullbullbull

t bullw-ccoc-o ex c-ouu

C 00 D lf 00 r

-Dgt- cooii -- 0 Co-- II U

(bull Cl J--Ln Z _I

r--- 3 0 O C 0 (J 00 0 _ 0 UCO 0 gtlt C c C

o-- C

-0--0-V--Nlf bullNshy bull tfI bull tI t-1 bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ bull -O N c O 00000000 o -D 0r z _ 0 r-- (J- (J (Jo a

t-~t- ----~bull--fl--0- 0-1f-V middot-shy bull-ru bull-tJ bull-- - uI U) -0 a N 0 oc000000ltgtOD

C-66

--------------------u2 EXJMPLE PROBLEM OUTPUT

II N II

ltC r

c-

C

C

C

II 11

r gt C C 0

-

QC

er

0

II gtlt 2

~ C

L 0 Q - 0

C C

Q C

1 C

II

II

C 0 r

)- c

0 C C

v r r II O II

t- z c 0 -~-=-

- J 0 l tr -11 1-C-_O Ogtlt 1--cc lgtO -gt-shy _

C-67

lt 2

L LL lf - x L c C -lti 1- C I - ~ v Ci lti ~ ltt - c _ l --_ X

Z ~ if ltI~ i z

_ _ -- J

bullbull u

_ 1 lt t 1 l J-

laquo

L _ 0

C

laquo 1lt -

C-68

bull bull

---------

bullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull

middotbullbullbull~

bull ltsTUL STAlf flf llfF ~YSTfM bullbull bullbullbull-~~+middot

fPA(T T t S l P fJ n fi I f ~

GRTD r-P 1-1 I Jmiddot

TfFhf A~t q (rlLS Jos Ill~~ T-1f_[TJlN ~11H IJfllA ~ If 75(1iM YftllllC A TIIHl fXTlNT tlF t750 bull (IM

l 1~1gt gtlt[ (ti LS j lHF y LTllf[l fl)N ~tlH ~ ntL TA y nv con~M qEL(JNG h TtTAt FJltT[Jl rt ~ltOn o- THJ ~f M~~ 011S rrr 1r I gtfffllr- A nrll Z llf n (I bull n Y t I rlT 11 A T 1T~ I r X T f I I l bull 7on o]

GP Ill 10 I H1 AT l 1

() I

Q ( b7~nn 4~UOP 7ro n)

0 lbulltbullbullmiddotmiddotbullbull~Ajl~A~AAAI~

bull bull

kbullbullbullbull~A~ diams

bullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbulltbullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

+I bull bullbull

J~~bullbullbull~~middotmiddot~bullbullbullAAA~A+~ttbull~ diams

1)1 o~ 011) +~

bullbull bull- bull -

- ()

c

CL C

(

r r

cshy u -shyC er

C

u lt o~ z

- 0

ex _ f

lt 1

U gtshyc

()

0

C _ C

-shyi

u shyZI () )

I C I I

ltI ltgt I wl CL I

c

w r

u

w r

I 0 0

u C_ I JJ- Z I

I u er I

I 0 ~ I

I - - I I c a U I

C u _ ()

w C w a

C-70

CCC

C _

-- IJJ

~ C lt w 0

a a 4J co

4- gt w gtgtlt C Cl er

QC= L1J

z - l V V

CC C C C c

C cmiddot

u w

~t N

oc - C C

C

X lt lt Cbull C T z z CC 0

~- V CC C W~2 -- co a-

u ltl gt gt -t I lt lt a -- a

l -_

en v a _ _ -z _ c C

lo- bullbullbull -- CC

=-

a w u

l t l w

lI

l

wli6J W ~ za - -o Q 0 = 0 0

lt C

= 0 gtO-gt

_ - - - C N bull bull bull bull bull

C O Co-

n lt(

w I V a I w

I I I w z r

--o-- gt-J

r I JJ () of I J

ltl er I

a ----a-o-11 0 u

z _ 0

0 z

w w

I-

C-71

C C

II

-middot lt gt

i

C

C ~ bull bull laquo bull laquo laquo ~ ~ ~ bull ~ laquo ~ ~ C C ~ = C C C ~ ~ laquocccc---cclaquoc bullCCCCCCCCC-t laquo C bull- bull bull_ -middot ~ C lt- ltmiddot - r 11cccccrccclaquo bull---c __ _u laquoCCC CCCtrt fl_= -c-=-laquo laquo C C C _~ C laquo _ laquoccc ccclaquolt bullccc c-ltcbullgt bull C C C C C C laquo laquoccotcc-middotc~ bull cc- -0( C C

ccci C C C C c C C laquo r

- - CC- C ~ laquo -rc-ccc--=rbullx laquocccoc-c ~ fl ii laquo 1 bull +

-----~~~~~~~n~nnn~~c~=~~=acoo~~==~~~=~shy++++ +- +1- + -++ diams lt1- + I ibull Jbull L J -~ I ~ ~- gt_

I - C) C ( - f r n (J r r - r r T --shy

o cc c - - ~~ca c ~ ~ ~ ~ = ~ ~ ~ J 0 I -C C r ( =- - lt ( X - r a r - c

]

-f

_ c

C C C

c C C

bull C C

-=- -

(Jt-0-~c---~ ~ r- ~ - lt~c~-cn-~~~r-n~r~rc

- tt middot- c r- c--

a J I I I I I I I I bullbull I I t I I I I r _ t cc-_ cc-==

~------~NNN~~~~~~~~~ CCCCCCCltCCC CO - - CC +++-+++bull-+

i Imiddot_ II u -_WII _i_bull L i i _ - 1 1 ubull Ubull l_

C LL C

cc --c-- ~ ~ c

o~~~~o~-~~~~~~~~~~~~ C

u r

ccocc---r--CCta middottc--r- crmN-O~~c~-r~~-~~~~ncNr~~~mo-~~-~T~~~cr~~shy

C C c

c f C f 0 C bull ~~ rJ ~ lJI C i_ - __ f - X C tC CCC CCC CC

C - r J 0 T-- Cl ~_ - -- - - - _ J n rJ J 1J II

r O LL

c u a C lt( Cgt

a - 0-0--ctrlI-

0 - a

O w

J gt i

U U II 11 11 11 II Ii II 11__JJ----

C-72

~ C ~ C C O C C lt r

LfrCCCllCmiddotC C

ltC 1C-CCrllOOC er a uJ llcccccoco-

c rvoooooocicc - N

-ccccooocc

tr0t---DIJlfrllfJ-5 )

11 II II It ll ti N It II II w ) _-- u

C-73

C I

C

C

C

- 0 CC yen C C lt- -9 c

r_ r

I -yen I u- r_ yen

ii ~ Ui I diams h it - ( c cu bull Cc tc bullr c cc Jt fl - c- 0 0- 0- middotshy lt bull tr c X r lf bullgt

-f -c ~ pound j bull f tr bull i

-tt-middotbull - er bull I - ~

laquo ( r

- - - -middot - -middot - - - - - - - - - -- _ -middot ~ C -cltcmiddotc_-~c

I I I I I t I I I i I I I I I I 1 I +

-i I u J ] J LI 1- J _ _ middot _ - - _ -

lt r imiddot - _ i- r ~- c lt cmiddot - -- - c - ~

- lt c cmiddot o ltmiddot ~ -- - --_middot lt -_- ~ -- - - - ~ -=-c~CCO -cc -cmiddotc-shymiddotf f =- r c 1 0 u ~r -- r - _ -

-middot I- I C rr C I I-- - C C J C middot ~ rbull I -C - U I J r f ~ I -

I - I c I _ I J

I - 1middot I i I I I I I I I J I I I f I I I I I I

- Ir ) iJ

_- I _ I cc-ccc-cc=c-c -cr- I I I 1 I I t I I ~ l I I I I I I t I I I I I -y I

I Jbull L _ I 1 bull 1 1 __ _ _ 1 _ v 1 Ia u I I

bull I =- t C = lt 7 C - bull C bull (bull lt C 0 C _ C I v- _ I C - (middot - C r r C C C _- C r-_ C ( - C lt 1middot C lt -~ I middot= c Cmiddot ~ - - = -r - r i _ J cmiddot I ~ I C f _middot J C- J [ f ( If middotmiddot f = f C J _ C

) I r - r J _ - C cf 0- 1 -- -middot f - I

CO I II I

- I

C I I - I I I - - -~ I tJ rll II bullJ -

Clt I UIO I I L I r - I

U I u -- I l I 0- I I - I

Clt I er I I U II II 11 11 11 II 11 11 11~

u I - ) ~ 1 ) -gt ~ ) - -

gt bull rr bullbull bull z bull _ _ bull V) bull laquo

z - l bull

-

bullf

C

-_ middot - --~ _

V

L

lt

r middot [ _

lt - r - I ( - J c-

- bullr

_ middot

C-75

r

-

1

bull bull

bull laquo

V

T C

-

er

J

V

-- lC

r

CL C

Le C

-

~ C 7 Cbull

laquo w

z LL C Cle

~ u laquo Q

gt ltI laquo laquo laquo

bull laquobulllaquobull laquo

laquo

laquo

7

C r

J C

X u lt(

CC- C

CC-

V) - 0 r J

-w

r

z -

l -

JN

z -

C

z

z

L

u ltXl

t

-_ c C = -- - ltf - C r_

CCC C CC

-iccc_cc C-

ltGCCCCCC

z -

lt i - l i J ~ J ~ - ~ a

- =-middot + - + ~ J w C _- C 0

Q C- C C C 0 lt( c=cc0 0 - C C c lt

-gt oc o-=

0 _J 11 11 11 U It l 0 w V

- ~ w i I-- (t Ct

lt - ) tr ~ (l ~

~ltV) VJ J I O - u J -d I l r ~- CC f l1 U D U f C I_ Z

-11 -w--~ I O UZ Z

2 i -1 u ~ 11--0 J er tr ashy~ i 1 i ~v- ltt q

C-76

I

_

gt C

bull C I I - II _

l -L -

+ bull

II

JJ

V II J bull -

Cmiddot = - bull I _shy

Ibull x 1

l r II

0- C 11 middot-bullbull lt C

r C

C _Jc II

- + J1-L gt bull-1---

~ G ~ --

bull C C r- I

LL C If

t IIlaquo~__-t

(1 + bull - r C fl

lt u lu Urbull

C

c

I

_ r- C a V c cmiddot cbull + + +

~ I W i_ ~~1 I

ui -l IO gt-middot -U r---

Ct --

o C C C

- _J ~ f lt r -l- bull w

V

r C

z I

~ middot ~ 1 J bull ~

u I II

gtlt I I _J

Le I bull~

tf

~

--_middot)

II

i

l

~ I j_jLl Ct - I CtmiddotC i ct I J

I f U _ ) I=gt 7-

shy u omiddot

gt 0

J r - i Igtlt X - I-~ Ll - C- I _ L IX J er 1) C C t I 1 C ~ Li

o J h bull

lt i_

Ll Ilt w I~

I l Un c I Z I

I

-0

2 -= J J 0

shy

al I Jr I 0 n

C-77

SURFACF PLnr OF IJ Vf1_0CyiY____ ______ __ C[1 cf n U9 I f Vr L ~

PLOT (HAP TltT[iVAL

n nooon0Fbullno - l7[bullJSbullj

JJ4JltJF-Oj - l21F-11 3ug_3l=-n1 - ~ ~ 1- i- - ~

5 bull I IJ S F - 0 l - h A~gt~ l ~i_ r 1 2 h bull gt- h 7 c - 1) l - 11 gt 1 oltJ le -

gtllt7ol3E-1 - 1 bull n 2 fllt 1middot + n n 3 t oct1S1+f)O - l I qQ93f + 1 (

1 rqg1-_+00 - t~~i-bullv 4 t3713~+01) - l bull S 1J 2 7 l t ~

14(7H+n0 - I bull 7 t 1J I u f +-1 C 5 I bull l I lC + 0 0 - 11likle bull0bull1

llH1[F 00 - c0ltJl)l bull00 b 2nSlnF+0) - bull fl jll [ bull ~ 0

2 i 1 tl IJI t middot) - t ~l9fh +( 0 7 bull S-i1 -~ + ( U - bull t T I Hi_ -+ ~ 1

lHF+Ol - bull 7 J f +- shy

I z 74270 qo - bull I) I IJ t t + J 2 bull q l ltl 1 F + 0 11 - 3H5-1lt hllt

q 3-uHSuE n1 - 3)thncr ~rr

$2-ln45F_l1 - ~1H~- rri() I

--J OJ

SURFACF PLC flF V VELbulll~ll

(IJll1l IJVLLS

PLOT CHA9 1 1 [ lt J Al

0 -~ll[t77f-~I - -1-1 ~SoQf bullr I -6 13gtngtF-11 -s J ~ 1 1~ - bull) 1

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middot- _ - middot- = middot C r - C t t c C ~ -- - - bull middot - -= -- -middot - lt=- - ~ I I I middotI middot+ middot+ bull + bull + + -+ + + + + _ -bull bull_ t i J bull- _ _ bull I L bull~ -middot bullmiddot bull t- ~ t C --- U _ - if - C r-- I J C -_ - r middoti - O r- middotJ middot _ - f J - J

~~---ltKr-~r-l~~c~~~~-- Imiddot - bullf J bull- ~ - r r - _ _ C C - I

- r v ~ f middot i -bull r I-- C - - L ( r _ f I bull bullbull I bull I I I I Ibull f I f I I

~1-lamp-----~~~~~~~~~

C I f t I I I I I I I I I I I I t I I I

lt ( r middot-= C ( cmiddot - r lt r- i- middot bull-bull

+ I I l + bull + + bull + + +- bull +- + -+ + + + 41 lJ JIJ -~ 1 t U _ U l -l bull l 1 Ubull bull~ cn~-ltr~r~-r~r~---~~ C - if -J middotbulln t ~ _ -middot middotJ r C J

_ _ I l t - J f O __ t- middot J r C C - _middotmiddot- bull - tr ~ _ bullmiddot - -- J _ ( C bull-f11f- ~I-- J ~ - J - - J (-

J II -ri

C-91

C

C

II

~ II II ll

laquo II _J II

II II C

V II I

~ II

middotc

II

~

lt II

C

C C bull C C

-4 C laquo rmiddot

-

bull1 II C _ C laquo

C laquo ll C II

II bull C C

C diams i -f

1 11 C ~ _

-= - ltl II C bull gt

ll V It laquo C C o

1-

H

bullcc laquo -~ C

umiddot bull cc-cbull~-- _- --

r II

- II

bullCC --r(CClt ---cmiddot--CS-=-shydiams laquo bull bull bullbull

+c-lt-ccccc-gtlt C cmiddot C ~- bull -ltl

fl bull 41 bull ill (

II II

--i

II II

_-------middotbull - - -1-bull

r i r- --

I i I I

___ __

I I I 1

-------middot----gt C C C

I I I I I I I I

ii II laquo

I I

middot- L l _ J

~ C ~ ~ ~ ~ = r -- Jbull r-- middotmiddot - [ - ( ~ c ~ _ middot rr - I _ - - J C

- r f -

----

~ ~-- ~bull ~ ~

r r f -- 5 - Jmiddot - r

- - ~r-r--

f ~ X f _ middotc ~ l ~ ~- =c ~ ~ ~ - middot C =r C C r- - - -

- _ ~ r a -- c ~ lf X ~- _ C - --= = r ~ -r

II bull I - s = r- f- ~ - -- - ( (1

middot- II II

I ---rrJJf

ltd II

- II __- II l1 _i

II ~ II

_

(I) JI~

~ - I

I

middot I

I

I I I I I t I I I I I t I

= C C _-+ + +

L L t J IJ t_ J 7-~-~i OrLhC --r_ -- - C L r J- _ -- T--t~-=--c 7--shyc-r- ( middot-- middotir -- w (

I ~

- -J

--c -

1 I 1 t r

r r _ _ - _ ( middot ( ~ --(_ - --

Ebull C I C N1 o

VJ I

c

I 6 t I I I I I t I I I bull I I

- - 7 cmiddot C C - - - C -+ I I l I t I I I I I f I I I I

- 1r middotbull _ ~~~~~middot~~~~ - _Jr_~ ~ If~ C- C 0 c - -middot - _ J middot - -~ t _ X if - C - -- _ l~-~=JJCshy -J r i middot J -- ~ v - O - J

I middot- I -- - ~ - - - I _

~ -I

I

) lt

~ I T

U I L _ _ II

C J

r I C -

I I

C-92

C

+

C

II

C C

ltIt bull laquo laquo laquo bull laquo ti laquo - - ( fr I I CClaquo laquo =- C-J I t tJ C C tl ~

bull ~-0 Lf-v- c laquocc J-ir olaquobull~c -c c-cclaquo _ r-- C =- claquo II bull C t 0- - - t C c - -= (bull O middotbull lt - tt C C 41 _ + C I (JClaquolt diams O C bull laquo C C laquo C LI LI C r --- r J ~yenlaquo~ccbullccccc ~bull- iC c~ ~- bull= - tmiddot = ~ C laquo -bull

~ g ~ ~r ~ ~ ~ laquo laquo laquo oil bull 1( bull ~~-~-------~-~~~~~~0 C 0 --cc- CC-middot-=

t r I I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I t I I I I uJ uJ -4J J - w -middot l- __ i J ~ 1bull L middot~ L r 0lt-C ~c~~c--~-~-~~~--c N - II I ~~r~~-zrr~-~-~~~c~~~ r c 1 - I C - t middot- J -C _ ~ C cmiddot - If - - C f _cf_ f I C ( ~ r c ~ c t-- c j - ~ c = - ( ~~c~cr-rr~-~c-~-~~~ I I t ~ =1 ~ I - - t rv- -- middotr t - ~ r

I _ I

I I E I bull t I I C I I t I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

ll I er 1 J pf ~ J tJ nJ J lt-CCC ll I coc-c--cc--cccctmiddotc-cc-ccc I I I I r bull I I t I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

iL ~-Ju ~~~~~~w~~~~~~w~~~~~~0 ~lLffI a 0Ncc-c-~N~N-~r-~~~-shyCl) _( ( i c~~EE~~c-0v~~~~~arr~r r-- -1- lfI ~-~~ro-~~o-~~--~~P Cmiddot co~~~cc~~~c~~~~~-~c~

0- - =t D O~VN~~I~~c-0~-mc-N~1 ~ ~ c-

- t o~-N~-~f-OC~E~~------~ _

~

Q - u J - J

C c u 3 J Q

C-93

5 CAVEATS

This section provides some helpfu1 points on assernbJj_np

the data and interpreting the output

C-59

--

S 1 STEILTTY ASSIGNMT~Tf

Since the stability profile (stored in STAB) alters the

computed wind field it is import to 1ssign the su1bi1 middoti ty layer 1)y

layer such that the intended profile is effected The point to

remember is that the stability of a given layer is assigned to

the top interface of that layer For example if it is desired

to simulate an atmosphere with the third layer stable and all the

other layers unstable the fol lowinr ass ignrnen t must f)e fo 1 J owed

physic3lly assignment

A A ~-

A A --- --middot---

-- A A middot-

A A --

A A

E E

E~+1 A

thus STd3 ( 2) 5

and STAB (3) 5

C-60

52 GRID SIZE

If IMPACT is used to evaluate the effects on air quality

due to point sources the grid size (DX DY) should be equal to or less than the plume width at the surface concentration maximum

If DX or DY is too large the maximum surface concentration will

be smoothed and lower concentration values will be predicted

Typical zone sizes are from 500 to 1000 meters for DX DY and

25 to 100 meters for DZ

C-61

5 3 NUMBER OF SPECIFIED wum SITES

If an excessive number of wind sites are used the asshy

signment of high confidence levels to each site will result in

an unrealistic wind field if the data is not compatable A rule

of thumb for determining the maximum number of ~igh confidence

level wind sites is N = (NXmiddotNY) divided by 40~40 If the

number of wind sites exceeds N reduce the confidence values

assigned to the winct data

C-62

5 4 MYRUP RlNZIERI DIFFUSIVITY MODEL

When using the MyrupRanzieri Model (IDODIF = l) the

user should take care that an inversion base and top are defined

everywhere in the grid That is the stability values go from

less than 45 at the surface to greater than 4J and then to less

than 45 again Otherwise the model may calculate large vertical

diffusivities (limited to 1000 m2 sec) even under stable conditions

when DZmiddotNZ is greater than 500 to 1000 meters The advection

diffusion time step will be limited in these circumstances to 2approximately At= 00008 (DZ) if DZ is equal to 100 meters

then At equal 8 seconds A time step of 8 seconds requires 450

advectiondiffusion cycles per hour which will result in long

run times for multiple-species multiple-hour simulations

C-63

5 5 LOCATION OF PODlT A1D REA SOURCES

Due to the boundary conditions specified for the second

order advectiondiffusion algorithm placing point or area sources

in cells at the edge of the cornputationnJ domain will result in an

over predictibn of pollutant concentrations The user should take

care that all point and area sources are at least one cell removed

from the boundary

i---------r-middot------ -r------r--~ f ) I i 1 bull kbull -+----- -+----i--middotmiddot- middotmiddot--middot~middot-middot middotbull---i

----~+__ i -+-~--Avoid placing I i

sources in the ___________ -----~--l shaded cells _J

i l t L J j L bull l j

i I

C-64

6 0 EXAMPLE PR OBJ EM

A simplified exemplnry problem designed to demonstrate

several of the features and options avnilable in the IMPACT code

is described below Section 61 illustrates the input file and

section 62 is the program output

The problem illustrated below is a grid of dimensions

NX =NY= 9 NZ= 7 DX= 750 DY= 500 DZ= 100 The shaded

area indicates the non-zero terrain (height= 1000 feet) Five

surface roughness data are specified (Z 0 ) although they arc not

required since IDODIF = 3 (DEPICT diffusivity)

9

8

7

t 6 J 5

4

3

z z

2

1 ~_________________z__

s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I~

The problem is to be run for 2 hours with wind and stabilitybull

data specified (wind at w stability at s) each hour Sulfate chem-

istry is selected (IDOCEM = 3) and there is sirnulati~n of both a

point source P with a user-specified 6h and emission equal to

10 gsec tracer 500 gsec S02 and no SO~ and an area source

indicated by the cross hatched area with emissions per grid cell

equal to 2 gsec tracer and 270 gsec S02 Background concentrashy

tions (B) are set to 00 for all levels and all species The wind

direction remains constant at 270deg for both hours while the wind

speed changes from 30 msec to J 5 msec The stability profile

is unstable to neutral to st1ble the first hour changing to comshy

pletely stable the second hour

C-65

hJ EXAMPLE 110BLEM INPUT FILE

0 z w

II C

C(f)

zc __o_ a

liJ 7 NC C C w fl

J a coo

C

C z

CN 7 rrN

Q bullUHCCO

u - u-gt -~ C lt --- cv

ifI 10 O C 0 0 --CO C

LJ Ii -gt C 0 )- o-- -- 1- - U II

rmiddot Z C 0 cmiddot -C C -0OJrOClt 0 1 0 CC

o= __ l_l lt C C I bull bull

- -- 0 o) 0 I 0 middott ll bull - CO o

J t-)O O C 0

oouu---_ t J bullbullbull

t bullw-ccoc-o ex c-ouu

C 00 D lf 00 r

-Dgt- cooii -- 0 Co-- II U

(bull Cl J--Ln Z _I

r--- 3 0 O C 0 (J 00 0 _ 0 UCO 0 gtlt C c C

o-- C

-0--0-V--Nlf bullNshy bull tfI bull tI t-1 bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ bull -O N c O 00000000 o -D 0r z _ 0 r-- (J- (J (Jo a

t-~t- ----~bull--fl--0- 0-1f-V middot-shy bull-ru bull-tJ bull-- - uI U) -0 a N 0 oc000000ltgtOD

C-66

--------------------u2 EXJMPLE PROBLEM OUTPUT

II N II

ltC r

c-

C

C

C

II 11

r gt C C 0

-

QC

er

0

II gtlt 2

~ C

L 0 Q - 0

C C

Q C

1 C

II

II

C 0 r

)- c

0 C C

v r r II O II

t- z c 0 -~-=-

- J 0 l tr -11 1-C-_O Ogtlt 1--cc lgtO -gt-shy _

C-67

lt 2

L LL lf - x L c C -lti 1- C I - ~ v Ci lti ~ ltt - c _ l --_ X

Z ~ if ltI~ i z

_ _ -- J

bullbull u

_ 1 lt t 1 l J-

laquo

L _ 0

C

laquo 1lt -

C-68

bull bull

---------

bullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull

middotbullbullbull~

bull ltsTUL STAlf flf llfF ~YSTfM bullbull bullbullbull-~~+middot

fPA(T T t S l P fJ n fi I f ~

GRTD r-P 1-1 I Jmiddot

TfFhf A~t q (rlLS Jos Ill~~ T-1f_[TJlN ~11H IJfllA ~ If 75(1iM YftllllC A TIIHl fXTlNT tlF t750 bull (IM

l 1~1gt gtlt[ (ti LS j lHF y LTllf[l fl)N ~tlH ~ ntL TA y nv con~M qEL(JNG h TtTAt FJltT[Jl rt ~ltOn o- THJ ~f M~~ 011S rrr 1r I gtfffllr- A nrll Z llf n (I bull n Y t I rlT 11 A T 1T~ I r X T f I I l bull 7on o]

GP Ill 10 I H1 AT l 1

() I

Q ( b7~nn 4~UOP 7ro n)

0 lbulltbullbullmiddotmiddotbullbull~Ajl~A~AAAI~

bull bull

kbullbullbullbull~A~ diams

bullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbulltbullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

+I bull bullbull

J~~bullbullbull~~middotmiddot~bullbullbullAAA~A+~ttbull~ diams

1)1 o~ 011) +~

bullbull bull- bull -

- ()

c

CL C

(

r r

cshy u -shyC er

C

u lt o~ z

- 0

ex _ f

lt 1

U gtshyc

()

0

C _ C

-shyi

u shyZI () )

I C I I

ltI ltgt I wl CL I

c

w r

u

w r

I 0 0

u C_ I JJ- Z I

I u er I

I 0 ~ I

I - - I I c a U I

C u _ ()

w C w a

C-70

CCC

C _

-- IJJ

~ C lt w 0

a a 4J co

4- gt w gtgtlt C Cl er

QC= L1J

z - l V V

CC C C C c

C cmiddot

u w

~t N

oc - C C

C

X lt lt Cbull C T z z CC 0

~- V CC C W~2 -- co a-

u ltl gt gt -t I lt lt a -- a

l -_

en v a _ _ -z _ c C

lo- bullbullbull -- CC

=-

a w u

l t l w

lI

l

wli6J W ~ za - -o Q 0 = 0 0

lt C

= 0 gtO-gt

_ - - - C N bull bull bull bull bull

C O Co-

n lt(

w I V a I w

I I I w z r

--o-- gt-J

r I JJ () of I J

ltl er I

a ----a-o-11 0 u

z _ 0

0 z

w w

I-

C-71

C C

II

-middot lt gt

i

C

C ~ bull bull laquo bull laquo laquo ~ ~ ~ bull ~ laquo ~ ~ C C ~ = C C C ~ ~ laquocccc---cclaquoc bullCCCCCCCCC-t laquo C bull- bull bull_ -middot ~ C lt- ltmiddot - r 11cccccrccclaquo bull---c __ _u laquoCCC CCCtrt fl_= -c-=-laquo laquo C C C _~ C laquo _ laquoccc ccclaquolt bullccc c-ltcbullgt bull C C C C C C laquo laquoccotcc-middotc~ bull cc- -0( C C

ccci C C C C c C C laquo r

- - CC- C ~ laquo -rc-ccc--=rbullx laquocccoc-c ~ fl ii laquo 1 bull +

-----~~~~~~~n~nnn~~c~=~~=acoo~~==~~~=~shy++++ +- +1- + -++ diams lt1- + I ibull Jbull L J -~ I ~ ~- gt_

I - C) C ( - f r n (J r r - r r T --shy

o cc c - - ~~ca c ~ ~ ~ ~ = ~ ~ ~ J 0 I -C C r ( =- - lt ( X - r a r - c

]

-f

_ c

C C C

c C C

bull C C

-=- -

(Jt-0-~c---~ ~ r- ~ - lt~c~-cn-~~~r-n~r~rc

- tt middot- c r- c--

a J I I I I I I I I bullbull I I t I I I I r _ t cc-_ cc-==

~------~NNN~~~~~~~~~ CCCCCCCltCCC CO - - CC +++-+++bull-+

i Imiddot_ II u -_WII _i_bull L i i _ - 1 1 ubull Ubull l_

C LL C

cc --c-- ~ ~ c

o~~~~o~-~~~~~~~~~~~~ C

u r

ccocc---r--CCta middottc--r- crmN-O~~c~-r~~-~~~~ncNr~~~mo-~~-~T~~~cr~~shy

C C c

c f C f 0 C bull ~~ rJ ~ lJI C i_ - __ f - X C tC CCC CCC CC

C - r J 0 T-- Cl ~_ - -- - - - _ J n rJ J 1J II

r O LL

c u a C lt( Cgt

a - 0-0--ctrlI-

0 - a

O w

J gt i

U U II 11 11 11 II Ii II 11__JJ----

C-72

~ C ~ C C O C C lt r

LfrCCCllCmiddotC C

ltC 1C-CCrllOOC er a uJ llcccccoco-

c rvoooooocicc - N

-ccccooocc

tr0t---DIJlfrllfJ-5 )

11 II II It ll ti N It II II w ) _-- u

C-73

C I

C

C

C

- 0 CC yen C C lt- -9 c

r_ r

I -yen I u- r_ yen

ii ~ Ui I diams h it - ( c cu bull Cc tc bullr c cc Jt fl - c- 0 0- 0- middotshy lt bull tr c X r lf bullgt

-f -c ~ pound j bull f tr bull i

-tt-middotbull - er bull I - ~

laquo ( r

- - - -middot - -middot - - - - - - - - - -- _ -middot ~ C -cltcmiddotc_-~c

I I I I I t I I I i I I I I I I 1 I +

-i I u J ] J LI 1- J _ _ middot _ - - _ -

lt r imiddot - _ i- r ~- c lt cmiddot - -- - c - ~

- lt c cmiddot o ltmiddot ~ -- - --_middot lt -_- ~ -- - - - ~ -=-c~CCO -cc -cmiddotc-shymiddotf f =- r c 1 0 u ~r -- r - _ -

-middot I- I C rr C I I-- - C C J C middot ~ rbull I -C - U I J r f ~ I -

I - I c I _ I J

I - 1middot I i I I I I I I I J I I I f I I I I I I

- Ir ) iJ

_- I _ I cc-ccc-cc=c-c -cr- I I I 1 I I t I I ~ l I I I I I I t I I I I I -y I

I Jbull L _ I 1 bull 1 1 __ _ _ 1 _ v 1 Ia u I I

bull I =- t C = lt 7 C - bull C bull (bull lt C 0 C _ C I v- _ I C - (middot - C r r C C C _- C r-_ C ( - C lt 1middot C lt -~ I middot= c Cmiddot ~ - - = -r - r i _ J cmiddot I ~ I C f _middot J C- J [ f ( If middotmiddot f = f C J _ C

) I r - r J _ - C cf 0- 1 -- -middot f - I

CO I II I

- I

C I I - I I I - - -~ I tJ rll II bullJ -

Clt I UIO I I L I r - I

U I u -- I l I 0- I I - I

Clt I er I I U II II 11 11 11 II 11 11 11~

u I - ) ~ 1 ) -gt ~ ) - -

gt bull rr bullbull bull z bull _ _ bull V) bull laquo

z - l bull

-

bullf

C

-_ middot - --~ _

V

L

lt

r middot [ _

lt - r - I ( - J c-

- bullr

_ middot

C-75

r

-

1

bull bull

bull laquo

V

T C

-

er

J

V

-- lC

r

CL C

Le C

-

~ C 7 Cbull

laquo w

z LL C Cle

~ u laquo Q

gt ltI laquo laquo laquo

bull laquobulllaquobull laquo

laquo

laquo

7

C r

J C

X u lt(

CC- C

CC-

V) - 0 r J

-w

r

z -

l -

JN

z -

C

z

z

L

u ltXl

t

-_ c C = -- - ltf - C r_

CCC C CC

-iccc_cc C-

ltGCCCCCC

z -

lt i - l i J ~ J ~ - ~ a

- =-middot + - + ~ J w C _- C 0

Q C- C C C 0 lt( c=cc0 0 - C C c lt

-gt oc o-=

0 _J 11 11 11 U It l 0 w V

- ~ w i I-- (t Ct

lt - ) tr ~ (l ~

~ltV) VJ J I O - u J -d I l r ~- CC f l1 U D U f C I_ Z

-11 -w--~ I O UZ Z

2 i -1 u ~ 11--0 J er tr ashy~ i 1 i ~v- ltt q

C-76

I

_

gt C

bull C I I - II _

l -L -

+ bull

II

JJ

V II J bull -

Cmiddot = - bull I _shy

Ibull x 1

l r II

0- C 11 middot-bullbull lt C

r C

C _Jc II

- + J1-L gt bull-1---

~ G ~ --

bull C C r- I

LL C If

t IIlaquo~__-t

(1 + bull - r C fl

lt u lu Urbull

C

c

I

_ r- C a V c cmiddot cbull + + +

~ I W i_ ~~1 I

ui -l IO gt-middot -U r---

Ct --

o C C C

- _J ~ f lt r -l- bull w

V

r C

z I

~ middot ~ 1 J bull ~

u I II

gtlt I I _J

Le I bull~

tf

~

--_middot)

II

i

l

~ I j_jLl Ct - I CtmiddotC i ct I J

I f U _ ) I=gt 7-

shy u omiddot

gt 0

J r - i Igtlt X - I-~ Ll - C- I _ L IX J er 1) C C t I 1 C ~ Li

o J h bull

lt i_

Ll Ilt w I~

I l Un c I Z I

I

-0

2 -= J J 0

shy

al I Jr I 0 n

C-77

SURFACF PLnr OF IJ Vf1_0CyiY____ ______ __ C[1 cf n U9 I f Vr L ~

PLOT (HAP TltT[iVAL

n nooon0Fbullno - l7[bullJSbullj

JJ4JltJF-Oj - l21F-11 3ug_3l=-n1 - ~ ~ 1- i- - ~

5 bull I IJ S F - 0 l - h A~gt~ l ~i_ r 1 2 h bull gt- h 7 c - 1) l - 11 gt 1 oltJ le -

gtllt7ol3E-1 - 1 bull n 2 fllt 1middot + n n 3 t oct1S1+f)O - l I qQ93f + 1 (

1 rqg1-_+00 - t~~i-bullv 4 t3713~+01) - l bull S 1J 2 7 l t ~

14(7H+n0 - I bull 7 t 1J I u f +-1 C 5 I bull l I lC + 0 0 - 11likle bull0bull1

llH1[F 00 - c0ltJl)l bull00 b 2nSlnF+0) - bull fl jll [ bull ~ 0

2 i 1 tl IJI t middot) - t ~l9fh +( 0 7 bull S-i1 -~ + ( U - bull t T I Hi_ -+ ~ 1

lHF+Ol - bull 7 J f +- shy

I z 74270 qo - bull I) I IJ t t + J 2 bull q l ltl 1 F + 0 11 - 3H5-1lt hllt

q 3-uHSuE n1 - 3)thncr ~rr

$2-ln45F_l1 - ~1H~- rri() I

--J OJ

SURFACF PLC flF V VELbulll~ll

(IJll1l IJVLLS

PLOT CHA9 1 1 [ lt J Al

0 -~ll[t77f-~I - -1-1 ~SoQf bullr I -6 13gtngtF-11 -s J ~ 1 1~ - bull) 1

I - bull I - 31 ~ ~ - 1 1 - bull 7 71 I bull r 1 -u717bull-~1 - t1 ntJ0 0sr -r

2 - u bull O1 u SF - r1 l - 11OP middot 7 t - 1) l -34~c1f-~1 - -27z1oh~F-11

3 - 2 bull 1 h F - 1 l - -nolt01F-1 - z 0 ltl F - I) - -1h3r-r1

Q -1 333-11 -k A 1~t~ -r -6tlgt2F-n bull gto()t~~i=-h

5 21101lt1zE-01gt - 1gtll17oPl-o u111 lnbullf-02 - 11middotqof-01

I l36YQ~middot-n1 - 2 0 0 lt I) H - l I 204gtn7-11 - 27gtn75f-nt

7 272b7F-)I - LJolltIIE-01 3401i3[-01 - O 0ltl0 I If - I

I lt1oqo11i-01 - U7771fbull0 471179-01 - 50107pound-01

q 5 bull 4 i 3 Q 7 F - l I - gtbullI 3c 1 lt[ bull11 I

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+ I I l + bull + + bull + + +- bull +- + -+ + + + 41 lJ JIJ -~ 1 t U _ U l -l bull l 1 Ubull bull~ cn~-ltr~r~-r~r~---~~ C - if -J middotbulln t ~ _ -middot middotJ r C J

_ _ I l t - J f O __ t- middot J r C C - _middotmiddot- bull - tr ~ _ bullmiddot - -- J _ ( C bull-f11f- ~I-- J ~ - J - - J (-

J II -ri

C-91

C

C

II

~ II II ll

laquo II _J II

II II C

V II I

~ II

middotc

II

~

lt II

C

C C bull C C

-4 C laquo rmiddot

-

bull1 II C _ C laquo

C laquo ll C II

II bull C C

C diams i -f

1 11 C ~ _

-= - ltl II C bull gt

ll V It laquo C C o

1-

H

bullcc laquo -~ C

umiddot bull cc-cbull~-- _- --

r II

- II

bullCC --r(CClt ---cmiddot--CS-=-shydiams laquo bull bull bullbull

+c-lt-ccccc-gtlt C cmiddot C ~- bull -ltl

fl bull 41 bull ill (

II II

--i

II II

_-------middotbull - - -1-bull

r i r- --

I i I I

___ __

I I I 1

-------middot----gt C C C

I I I I I I I I

ii II laquo

I I

middot- L l _ J

~ C ~ ~ ~ ~ = r -- Jbull r-- middotmiddot - [ - ( ~ c ~ _ middot rr - I _ - - J C

- r f -

----

~ ~-- ~bull ~ ~

r r f -- 5 - Jmiddot - r

- - ~r-r--

f ~ X f _ middotc ~ l ~ ~- =c ~ ~ ~ - middot C =r C C r- - - -

- _ ~ r a -- c ~ lf X ~- _ C - --= = r ~ -r

II bull I - s = r- f- ~ - -- - ( (1

middot- II II

I ---rrJJf

ltd II

- II __- II l1 _i

II ~ II

_

(I) JI~

~ - I

I

middot I

I

I I I I I t I I I I I t I

= C C _-+ + +

L L t J IJ t_ J 7-~-~i OrLhC --r_ -- - C L r J- _ -- T--t~-=--c 7--shyc-r- ( middot-- middotir -- w (

I ~

- -J

--c -

1 I 1 t r

r r _ _ - _ ( middot ( ~ --(_ - --

Ebull C I C N1 o

VJ I

c

I 6 t I I I I I t I I I bull I I

- - 7 cmiddot C C - - - C -+ I I l I t I I I I I f I I I I

- 1r middotbull _ ~~~~~middot~~~~ - _Jr_~ ~ If~ C- C 0 c - -middot - _ J middot - -~ t _ X if - C - -- _ l~-~=JJCshy -J r i middot J -- ~ v - O - J

I middot- I -- - ~ - - - I _

~ -I

I

) lt

~ I T

U I L _ _ II

C J

r I C -

I I

C-92

C

+

C

II

C C

ltIt bull laquo laquo laquo bull laquo ti laquo - - ( fr I I CClaquo laquo =- C-J I t tJ C C tl ~

bull ~-0 Lf-v- c laquocc J-ir olaquobull~c -c c-cclaquo _ r-- C =- claquo II bull C t 0- - - t C c - -= (bull O middotbull lt - tt C C 41 _ + C I (JClaquolt diams O C bull laquo C C laquo C LI LI C r --- r J ~yenlaquo~ccbullccccc ~bull- iC c~ ~- bull= - tmiddot = ~ C laquo -bull

~ g ~ ~r ~ ~ ~ laquo laquo laquo oil bull 1( bull ~~-~-------~-~~~~~~0 C 0 --cc- CC-middot-=

t r I I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I t I I I I uJ uJ -4J J - w -middot l- __ i J ~ 1bull L middot~ L r 0lt-C ~c~~c--~-~-~~~--c N - II I ~~r~~-zrr~-~-~~~c~~~ r c 1 - I C - t middot- J -C _ ~ C cmiddot - If - - C f _cf_ f I C ( ~ r c ~ c t-- c j - ~ c = - ( ~~c~cr-rr~-~c-~-~~~ I I t ~ =1 ~ I - - t rv- -- middotr t - ~ r

I _ I

I I E I bull t I I C I I t I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

ll I er 1 J pf ~ J tJ nJ J lt-CCC ll I coc-c--cc--cccctmiddotc-cc-ccc I I I I r bull I I t I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

iL ~-Ju ~~~~~~w~~~~~~w~~~~~~0 ~lLffI a 0Ncc-c-~N~N-~r-~~~-shyCl) _( ( i c~~EE~~c-0v~~~~~arr~r r-- -1- lfI ~-~~ro-~~o-~~--~~P Cmiddot co~~~cc~~~c~~~~~-~c~

0- - =t D O~VN~~I~~c-0~-mc-N~1 ~ ~ c-

- t o~-N~-~f-OC~E~~------~ _

~

Q - u J - J

C c u 3 J Q

C-93

--

S 1 STEILTTY ASSIGNMT~Tf

Since the stability profile (stored in STAB) alters the

computed wind field it is import to 1ssign the su1bi1 middoti ty layer 1)y

layer such that the intended profile is effected The point to

remember is that the stability of a given layer is assigned to

the top interface of that layer For example if it is desired

to simulate an atmosphere with the third layer stable and all the

other layers unstable the fol lowinr ass ignrnen t must f)e fo 1 J owed

physic3lly assignment

A A ~-

A A --- --middot---

-- A A middot-

A A --

A A

E E

E~+1 A

thus STd3 ( 2) 5

and STAB (3) 5

C-60

52 GRID SIZE

If IMPACT is used to evaluate the effects on air quality

due to point sources the grid size (DX DY) should be equal to or less than the plume width at the surface concentration maximum

If DX or DY is too large the maximum surface concentration will

be smoothed and lower concentration values will be predicted

Typical zone sizes are from 500 to 1000 meters for DX DY and

25 to 100 meters for DZ

C-61

5 3 NUMBER OF SPECIFIED wum SITES

If an excessive number of wind sites are used the asshy

signment of high confidence levels to each site will result in

an unrealistic wind field if the data is not compatable A rule

of thumb for determining the maximum number of ~igh confidence

level wind sites is N = (NXmiddotNY) divided by 40~40 If the

number of wind sites exceeds N reduce the confidence values

assigned to the winct data

C-62

5 4 MYRUP RlNZIERI DIFFUSIVITY MODEL

When using the MyrupRanzieri Model (IDODIF = l) the

user should take care that an inversion base and top are defined

everywhere in the grid That is the stability values go from

less than 45 at the surface to greater than 4J and then to less

than 45 again Otherwise the model may calculate large vertical

diffusivities (limited to 1000 m2 sec) even under stable conditions

when DZmiddotNZ is greater than 500 to 1000 meters The advection

diffusion time step will be limited in these circumstances to 2approximately At= 00008 (DZ) if DZ is equal to 100 meters

then At equal 8 seconds A time step of 8 seconds requires 450

advectiondiffusion cycles per hour which will result in long

run times for multiple-species multiple-hour simulations

C-63

5 5 LOCATION OF PODlT A1D REA SOURCES

Due to the boundary conditions specified for the second

order advectiondiffusion algorithm placing point or area sources

in cells at the edge of the cornputationnJ domain will result in an

over predictibn of pollutant concentrations The user should take

care that all point and area sources are at least one cell removed

from the boundary

i---------r-middot------ -r------r--~ f ) I i 1 bull kbull -+----- -+----i--middotmiddot- middotmiddot--middot~middot-middot middotbull---i

----~+__ i -+-~--Avoid placing I i

sources in the ___________ -----~--l shaded cells _J

i l t L J j L bull l j

i I

C-64

6 0 EXAMPLE PR OBJ EM

A simplified exemplnry problem designed to demonstrate

several of the features and options avnilable in the IMPACT code

is described below Section 61 illustrates the input file and

section 62 is the program output

The problem illustrated below is a grid of dimensions

NX =NY= 9 NZ= 7 DX= 750 DY= 500 DZ= 100 The shaded

area indicates the non-zero terrain (height= 1000 feet) Five

surface roughness data are specified (Z 0 ) although they arc not

required since IDODIF = 3 (DEPICT diffusivity)

9

8

7

t 6 J 5

4

3

z z

2

1 ~_________________z__

s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I~

The problem is to be run for 2 hours with wind and stabilitybull

data specified (wind at w stability at s) each hour Sulfate chem-

istry is selected (IDOCEM = 3) and there is sirnulati~n of both a

point source P with a user-specified 6h and emission equal to

10 gsec tracer 500 gsec S02 and no SO~ and an area source

indicated by the cross hatched area with emissions per grid cell

equal to 2 gsec tracer and 270 gsec S02 Background concentrashy

tions (B) are set to 00 for all levels and all species The wind

direction remains constant at 270deg for both hours while the wind

speed changes from 30 msec to J 5 msec The stability profile

is unstable to neutral to st1ble the first hour changing to comshy

pletely stable the second hour

C-65

hJ EXAMPLE 110BLEM INPUT FILE

0 z w

II C

C(f)

zc __o_ a

liJ 7 NC C C w fl

J a coo

C

C z

CN 7 rrN

Q bullUHCCO

u - u-gt -~ C lt --- cv

ifI 10 O C 0 0 --CO C

LJ Ii -gt C 0 )- o-- -- 1- - U II

rmiddot Z C 0 cmiddot -C C -0OJrOClt 0 1 0 CC

o= __ l_l lt C C I bull bull

- -- 0 o) 0 I 0 middott ll bull - CO o

J t-)O O C 0

oouu---_ t J bullbullbull

t bullw-ccoc-o ex c-ouu

C 00 D lf 00 r

-Dgt- cooii -- 0 Co-- II U

(bull Cl J--Ln Z _I

r--- 3 0 O C 0 (J 00 0 _ 0 UCO 0 gtlt C c C

o-- C

-0--0-V--Nlf bullNshy bull tfI bull tI t-1 bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ bull -O N c O 00000000 o -D 0r z _ 0 r-- (J- (J (Jo a

t-~t- ----~bull--fl--0- 0-1f-V middot-shy bull-ru bull-tJ bull-- - uI U) -0 a N 0 oc000000ltgtOD

C-66

--------------------u2 EXJMPLE PROBLEM OUTPUT

II N II

ltC r

c-

C

C

C

II 11

r gt C C 0

-

QC

er

0

II gtlt 2

~ C

L 0 Q - 0

C C

Q C

1 C

II

II

C 0 r

)- c

0 C C

v r r II O II

t- z c 0 -~-=-

- J 0 l tr -11 1-C-_O Ogtlt 1--cc lgtO -gt-shy _

C-67

lt 2

L LL lf - x L c C -lti 1- C I - ~ v Ci lti ~ ltt - c _ l --_ X

Z ~ if ltI~ i z

_ _ -- J

bullbull u

_ 1 lt t 1 l J-

laquo

L _ 0

C

laquo 1lt -

C-68

bull bull

---------

bullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull

middotbullbullbull~

bull ltsTUL STAlf flf llfF ~YSTfM bullbull bullbullbull-~~+middot

fPA(T T t S l P fJ n fi I f ~

GRTD r-P 1-1 I Jmiddot

TfFhf A~t q (rlLS Jos Ill~~ T-1f_[TJlN ~11H IJfllA ~ If 75(1iM YftllllC A TIIHl fXTlNT tlF t750 bull (IM

l 1~1gt gtlt[ (ti LS j lHF y LTllf[l fl)N ~tlH ~ ntL TA y nv con~M qEL(JNG h TtTAt FJltT[Jl rt ~ltOn o- THJ ~f M~~ 011S rrr 1r I gtfffllr- A nrll Z llf n (I bull n Y t I rlT 11 A T 1T~ I r X T f I I l bull 7on o]

GP Ill 10 I H1 AT l 1

() I

Q ( b7~nn 4~UOP 7ro n)

0 lbulltbullbullmiddotmiddotbullbull~Ajl~A~AAAI~

bull bull

kbullbullbullbull~A~ diams

bullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbulltbullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

+I bull bullbull

J~~bullbullbull~~middotmiddot~bullbullbullAAA~A+~ttbull~ diams

1)1 o~ 011) +~

bullbull bull- bull -

- ()

c

CL C

(

r r

cshy u -shyC er

C

u lt o~ z

- 0

ex _ f

lt 1

U gtshyc

()

0

C _ C

-shyi

u shyZI () )

I C I I

ltI ltgt I wl CL I

c

w r

u

w r

I 0 0

u C_ I JJ- Z I

I u er I

I 0 ~ I

I - - I I c a U I

C u _ ()

w C w a

C-70

CCC

C _

-- IJJ

~ C lt w 0

a a 4J co

4- gt w gtgtlt C Cl er

QC= L1J

z - l V V

CC C C C c

C cmiddot

u w

~t N

oc - C C

C

X lt lt Cbull C T z z CC 0

~- V CC C W~2 -- co a-

u ltl gt gt -t I lt lt a -- a

l -_

en v a _ _ -z _ c C

lo- bullbullbull -- CC

=-

a w u

l t l w

lI

l

wli6J W ~ za - -o Q 0 = 0 0

lt C

= 0 gtO-gt

_ - - - C N bull bull bull bull bull

C O Co-

n lt(

w I V a I w

I I I w z r

--o-- gt-J

r I JJ () of I J

ltl er I

a ----a-o-11 0 u

z _ 0

0 z

w w

I-

C-71

C C

II

-middot lt gt

i

C

C ~ bull bull laquo bull laquo laquo ~ ~ ~ bull ~ laquo ~ ~ C C ~ = C C C ~ ~ laquocccc---cclaquoc bullCCCCCCCCC-t laquo C bull- bull bull_ -middot ~ C lt- ltmiddot - r 11cccccrccclaquo bull---c __ _u laquoCCC CCCtrt fl_= -c-=-laquo laquo C C C _~ C laquo _ laquoccc ccclaquolt bullccc c-ltcbullgt bull C C C C C C laquo laquoccotcc-middotc~ bull cc- -0( C C

ccci C C C C c C C laquo r

- - CC- C ~ laquo -rc-ccc--=rbullx laquocccoc-c ~ fl ii laquo 1 bull +

-----~~~~~~~n~nnn~~c~=~~=acoo~~==~~~=~shy++++ +- +1- + -++ diams lt1- + I ibull Jbull L J -~ I ~ ~- gt_

I - C) C ( - f r n (J r r - r r T --shy

o cc c - - ~~ca c ~ ~ ~ ~ = ~ ~ ~ J 0 I -C C r ( =- - lt ( X - r a r - c

]

-f

_ c

C C C

c C C

bull C C

-=- -

(Jt-0-~c---~ ~ r- ~ - lt~c~-cn-~~~r-n~r~rc

- tt middot- c r- c--

a J I I I I I I I I bullbull I I t I I I I r _ t cc-_ cc-==

~------~NNN~~~~~~~~~ CCCCCCCltCCC CO - - CC +++-+++bull-+

i Imiddot_ II u -_WII _i_bull L i i _ - 1 1 ubull Ubull l_

C LL C

cc --c-- ~ ~ c

o~~~~o~-~~~~~~~~~~~~ C

u r

ccocc---r--CCta middottc--r- crmN-O~~c~-r~~-~~~~ncNr~~~mo-~~-~T~~~cr~~shy

C C c

c f C f 0 C bull ~~ rJ ~ lJI C i_ - __ f - X C tC CCC CCC CC

C - r J 0 T-- Cl ~_ - -- - - - _ J n rJ J 1J II

r O LL

c u a C lt( Cgt

a - 0-0--ctrlI-

0 - a

O w

J gt i

U U II 11 11 11 II Ii II 11__JJ----

C-72

~ C ~ C C O C C lt r

LfrCCCllCmiddotC C

ltC 1C-CCrllOOC er a uJ llcccccoco-

c rvoooooocicc - N

-ccccooocc

tr0t---DIJlfrllfJ-5 )

11 II II It ll ti N It II II w ) _-- u

C-73

C I

C

C

C

- 0 CC yen C C lt- -9 c

r_ r

I -yen I u- r_ yen

ii ~ Ui I diams h it - ( c cu bull Cc tc bullr c cc Jt fl - c- 0 0- 0- middotshy lt bull tr c X r lf bullgt

-f -c ~ pound j bull f tr bull i

-tt-middotbull - er bull I - ~

laquo ( r

- - - -middot - -middot - - - - - - - - - -- _ -middot ~ C -cltcmiddotc_-~c

I I I I I t I I I i I I I I I I 1 I +

-i I u J ] J LI 1- J _ _ middot _ - - _ -

lt r imiddot - _ i- r ~- c lt cmiddot - -- - c - ~

- lt c cmiddot o ltmiddot ~ -- - --_middot lt -_- ~ -- - - - ~ -=-c~CCO -cc -cmiddotc-shymiddotf f =- r c 1 0 u ~r -- r - _ -

-middot I- I C rr C I I-- - C C J C middot ~ rbull I -C - U I J r f ~ I -

I - I c I _ I J

I - 1middot I i I I I I I I I J I I I f I I I I I I

- Ir ) iJ

_- I _ I cc-ccc-cc=c-c -cr- I I I 1 I I t I I ~ l I I I I I I t I I I I I -y I

I Jbull L _ I 1 bull 1 1 __ _ _ 1 _ v 1 Ia u I I

bull I =- t C = lt 7 C - bull C bull (bull lt C 0 C _ C I v- _ I C - (middot - C r r C C C _- C r-_ C ( - C lt 1middot C lt -~ I middot= c Cmiddot ~ - - = -r - r i _ J cmiddot I ~ I C f _middot J C- J [ f ( If middotmiddot f = f C J _ C

) I r - r J _ - C cf 0- 1 -- -middot f - I

CO I II I

- I

C I I - I I I - - -~ I tJ rll II bullJ -

Clt I UIO I I L I r - I

U I u -- I l I 0- I I - I

Clt I er I I U II II 11 11 11 II 11 11 11~

u I - ) ~ 1 ) -gt ~ ) - -

gt bull rr bullbull bull z bull _ _ bull V) bull laquo

z - l bull

-

bullf

C

-_ middot - --~ _

V

L

lt

r middot [ _

lt - r - I ( - J c-

- bullr

_ middot

C-75

r

-

1

bull bull

bull laquo

V

T C

-

er

J

V

-- lC

r

CL C

Le C

-

~ C 7 Cbull

laquo w

z LL C Cle

~ u laquo Q

gt ltI laquo laquo laquo

bull laquobulllaquobull laquo

laquo

laquo

7

C r

J C

X u lt(

CC- C

CC-

V) - 0 r J

-w

r

z -

l -

JN

z -

C

z

z

L

u ltXl

t

-_ c C = -- - ltf - C r_

CCC C CC

-iccc_cc C-

ltGCCCCCC

z -

lt i - l i J ~ J ~ - ~ a

- =-middot + - + ~ J w C _- C 0

Q C- C C C 0 lt( c=cc0 0 - C C c lt

-gt oc o-=

0 _J 11 11 11 U It l 0 w V

- ~ w i I-- (t Ct

lt - ) tr ~ (l ~

~ltV) VJ J I O - u J -d I l r ~- CC f l1 U D U f C I_ Z

-11 -w--~ I O UZ Z

2 i -1 u ~ 11--0 J er tr ashy~ i 1 i ~v- ltt q

C-76

I

_

gt C

bull C I I - II _

l -L -

+ bull

II

JJ

V II J bull -

Cmiddot = - bull I _shy

Ibull x 1

l r II

0- C 11 middot-bullbull lt C

r C

C _Jc II

- + J1-L gt bull-1---

~ G ~ --

bull C C r- I

LL C If

t IIlaquo~__-t

(1 + bull - r C fl

lt u lu Urbull

C

c

I

_ r- C a V c cmiddot cbull + + +

~ I W i_ ~~1 I

ui -l IO gt-middot -U r---

Ct --

o C C C

- _J ~ f lt r -l- bull w

V

r C

z I

~ middot ~ 1 J bull ~

u I II

gtlt I I _J

Le I bull~

tf

~

--_middot)

II

i

l

~ I j_jLl Ct - I CtmiddotC i ct I J

I f U _ ) I=gt 7-

shy u omiddot

gt 0

J r - i Igtlt X - I-~ Ll - C- I _ L IX J er 1) C C t I 1 C ~ Li

o J h bull

lt i_

Ll Ilt w I~

I l Un c I Z I

I

-0

2 -= J J 0

shy

al I Jr I 0 n

C-77

SURFACF PLnr OF IJ Vf1_0CyiY____ ______ __ C[1 cf n U9 I f Vr L ~

PLOT (HAP TltT[iVAL

n nooon0Fbullno - l7[bullJSbullj

JJ4JltJF-Oj - l21F-11 3ug_3l=-n1 - ~ ~ 1- i- - ~

5 bull I IJ S F - 0 l - h A~gt~ l ~i_ r 1 2 h bull gt- h 7 c - 1) l - 11 gt 1 oltJ le -

gtllt7ol3E-1 - 1 bull n 2 fllt 1middot + n n 3 t oct1S1+f)O - l I qQ93f + 1 (

1 rqg1-_+00 - t~~i-bullv 4 t3713~+01) - l bull S 1J 2 7 l t ~

14(7H+n0 - I bull 7 t 1J I u f +-1 C 5 I bull l I lC + 0 0 - 11likle bull0bull1

llH1[F 00 - c0ltJl)l bull00 b 2nSlnF+0) - bull fl jll [ bull ~ 0

2 i 1 tl IJI t middot) - t ~l9fh +( 0 7 bull S-i1 -~ + ( U - bull t T I Hi_ -+ ~ 1

lHF+Ol - bull 7 J f +- shy

I z 74270 qo - bull I) I IJ t t + J 2 bull q l ltl 1 F + 0 11 - 3H5-1lt hllt

q 3-uHSuE n1 - 3)thncr ~rr

$2-ln45F_l1 - ~1H~- rri() I

--J OJ

SURFACF PLC flF V VELbulll~ll

(IJll1l IJVLLS

PLOT CHA9 1 1 [ lt J Al

0 -~ll[t77f-~I - -1-1 ~SoQf bullr I -6 13gtngtF-11 -s J ~ 1 1~ - bull) 1

I - bull I - 31 ~ ~ - 1 1 - bull 7 71 I bull r 1 -u717bull-~1 - t1 ntJ0 0sr -r

2 - u bull O1 u SF - r1 l - 11OP middot 7 t - 1) l -34~c1f-~1 - -27z1oh~F-11

3 - 2 bull 1 h F - 1 l - -nolt01F-1 - z 0 ltl F - I) - -1h3r-r1

Q -1 333-11 -k A 1~t~ -r -6tlgt2F-n bull gto()t~~i=-h

5 21101lt1zE-01gt - 1gtll17oPl-o u111 lnbullf-02 - 11middotqof-01

I l36YQ~middot-n1 - 2 0 0 lt I) H - l I 204gtn7-11 - 27gtn75f-nt

7 272b7F-)I - LJolltIIE-01 3401i3[-01 - O 0ltl0 I If - I

I lt1oqo11i-01 - U7771fbull0 471179-01 - 50107pound-01

q 5 bull 4 i 3 Q 7 F - l I - gtbullI 3c 1 lt[ bull11 I

Jlil1t-11tct-fbull-l1ti111t--

lt bull h~QC) 77 ooor7

bull flbull 77 0 nn 77 l~t10 r 7 7 bull RPQQ JIO middot~bullAtA~-~ttibullt~j v AX Imiddot V ~ L F I bull 1 II -r 7 F diams 0 C ~middot r 1-J r bullr i Ai_ I 1t ~ () 11 1 fl I (I- middotj bull

~~ ~bull~bulltbull bullltltltlt~ bull lti ltlt

5S)Ch(CC J Ii

- rlc

bull i lt - lt gt 4 ~ 1111 5i ltClti

LI 0 0 lt)tlltl)C-lt

bull lt-iS ltltltlt bull scsijcc) bull ~ i cltc bullltlt

bull-tbulli11bullw11Jr+ ~ bullbull 1~t111

~Xlllll_VAltgtf 1lltnHgtF-01 middot 1 ( r ~ t 1~ v A - bull c =- n A 1 1 r - (1 1

C C

C C

J

shy i

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+c-lt-ccccc-gtlt C cmiddot C ~- bull -ltl

fl bull 41 bull ill (

II II

--i

II II

_-------middotbull - - -1-bull

r i r- --

I i I I

___ __

I I I 1

-------middot----gt C C C

I I I I I I I I

ii II laquo

I I

middot- L l _ J

~ C ~ ~ ~ ~ = r -- Jbull r-- middotmiddot - [ - ( ~ c ~ _ middot rr - I _ - - J C

- r f -

----

~ ~-- ~bull ~ ~

r r f -- 5 - Jmiddot - r

- - ~r-r--

f ~ X f _ middotc ~ l ~ ~- =c ~ ~ ~ - middot C =r C C r- - - -

- _ ~ r a -- c ~ lf X ~- _ C - --= = r ~ -r

II bull I - s = r- f- ~ - -- - ( (1

middot- II II

I ---rrJJf

ltd II

- II __- II l1 _i

II ~ II

_

(I) JI~

~ - I

I

middot I

I

I I I I I t I I I I I t I

= C C _-+ + +

L L t J IJ t_ J 7-~-~i OrLhC --r_ -- - C L r J- _ -- T--t~-=--c 7--shyc-r- ( middot-- middotir -- w (

I ~

- -J

--c -

1 I 1 t r

r r _ _ - _ ( middot ( ~ --(_ - --

Ebull C I C N1 o

VJ I

c

I 6 t I I I I I t I I I bull I I

- - 7 cmiddot C C - - - C -+ I I l I t I I I I I f I I I I

- 1r middotbull _ ~~~~~middot~~~~ - _Jr_~ ~ If~ C- C 0 c - -middot - _ J middot - -~ t _ X if - C - -- _ l~-~=JJCshy -J r i middot J -- ~ v - O - J

I middot- I -- - ~ - - - I _

~ -I

I

) lt

~ I T

U I L _ _ II

C J

r I C -

I I

C-92

C

+

C

II

C C

ltIt bull laquo laquo laquo bull laquo ti laquo - - ( fr I I CClaquo laquo =- C-J I t tJ C C tl ~

bull ~-0 Lf-v- c laquocc J-ir olaquobull~c -c c-cclaquo _ r-- C =- claquo II bull C t 0- - - t C c - -= (bull O middotbull lt - tt C C 41 _ + C I (JClaquolt diams O C bull laquo C C laquo C LI LI C r --- r J ~yenlaquo~ccbullccccc ~bull- iC c~ ~- bull= - tmiddot = ~ C laquo -bull

~ g ~ ~r ~ ~ ~ laquo laquo laquo oil bull 1( bull ~~-~-------~-~~~~~~0 C 0 --cc- CC-middot-=

t r I I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I t I I I I uJ uJ -4J J - w -middot l- __ i J ~ 1bull L middot~ L r 0lt-C ~c~~c--~-~-~~~--c N - II I ~~r~~-zrr~-~-~~~c~~~ r c 1 - I C - t middot- J -C _ ~ C cmiddot - If - - C f _cf_ f I C ( ~ r c ~ c t-- c j - ~ c = - ( ~~c~cr-rr~-~c-~-~~~ I I t ~ =1 ~ I - - t rv- -- middotr t - ~ r

I _ I

I I E I bull t I I C I I t I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

ll I er 1 J pf ~ J tJ nJ J lt-CCC ll I coc-c--cc--cccctmiddotc-cc-ccc I I I I r bull I I t I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

iL ~-Ju ~~~~~~w~~~~~~w~~~~~~0 ~lLffI a 0Ncc-c-~N~N-~r-~~~-shyCl) _( ( i c~~EE~~c-0v~~~~~arr~r r-- -1- lfI ~-~~ro-~~o-~~--~~P Cmiddot co~~~cc~~~c~~~~~-~c~

0- - =t D O~VN~~I~~c-0~-mc-N~1 ~ ~ c-

- t o~-N~-~f-OC~E~~------~ _

~

Q - u J - J

C c u 3 J Q

C-93

52 GRID SIZE

If IMPACT is used to evaluate the effects on air quality

due to point sources the grid size (DX DY) should be equal to or less than the plume width at the surface concentration maximum

If DX or DY is too large the maximum surface concentration will

be smoothed and lower concentration values will be predicted

Typical zone sizes are from 500 to 1000 meters for DX DY and

25 to 100 meters for DZ

C-61

5 3 NUMBER OF SPECIFIED wum SITES

If an excessive number of wind sites are used the asshy

signment of high confidence levels to each site will result in

an unrealistic wind field if the data is not compatable A rule

of thumb for determining the maximum number of ~igh confidence

level wind sites is N = (NXmiddotNY) divided by 40~40 If the

number of wind sites exceeds N reduce the confidence values

assigned to the winct data

C-62

5 4 MYRUP RlNZIERI DIFFUSIVITY MODEL

When using the MyrupRanzieri Model (IDODIF = l) the

user should take care that an inversion base and top are defined

everywhere in the grid That is the stability values go from

less than 45 at the surface to greater than 4J and then to less

than 45 again Otherwise the model may calculate large vertical

diffusivities (limited to 1000 m2 sec) even under stable conditions

when DZmiddotNZ is greater than 500 to 1000 meters The advection

diffusion time step will be limited in these circumstances to 2approximately At= 00008 (DZ) if DZ is equal to 100 meters

then At equal 8 seconds A time step of 8 seconds requires 450

advectiondiffusion cycles per hour which will result in long

run times for multiple-species multiple-hour simulations

C-63

5 5 LOCATION OF PODlT A1D REA SOURCES

Due to the boundary conditions specified for the second

order advectiondiffusion algorithm placing point or area sources

in cells at the edge of the cornputationnJ domain will result in an

over predictibn of pollutant concentrations The user should take

care that all point and area sources are at least one cell removed

from the boundary

i---------r-middot------ -r------r--~ f ) I i 1 bull kbull -+----- -+----i--middotmiddot- middotmiddot--middot~middot-middot middotbull---i

----~+__ i -+-~--Avoid placing I i

sources in the ___________ -----~--l shaded cells _J

i l t L J j L bull l j

i I

C-64

6 0 EXAMPLE PR OBJ EM

A simplified exemplnry problem designed to demonstrate

several of the features and options avnilable in the IMPACT code

is described below Section 61 illustrates the input file and

section 62 is the program output

The problem illustrated below is a grid of dimensions

NX =NY= 9 NZ= 7 DX= 750 DY= 500 DZ= 100 The shaded

area indicates the non-zero terrain (height= 1000 feet) Five

surface roughness data are specified (Z 0 ) although they arc not

required since IDODIF = 3 (DEPICT diffusivity)

9

8

7

t 6 J 5

4

3

z z

2

1 ~_________________z__

s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I~

The problem is to be run for 2 hours with wind and stabilitybull

data specified (wind at w stability at s) each hour Sulfate chem-

istry is selected (IDOCEM = 3) and there is sirnulati~n of both a

point source P with a user-specified 6h and emission equal to

10 gsec tracer 500 gsec S02 and no SO~ and an area source

indicated by the cross hatched area with emissions per grid cell

equal to 2 gsec tracer and 270 gsec S02 Background concentrashy

tions (B) are set to 00 for all levels and all species The wind

direction remains constant at 270deg for both hours while the wind

speed changes from 30 msec to J 5 msec The stability profile

is unstable to neutral to st1ble the first hour changing to comshy

pletely stable the second hour

C-65

hJ EXAMPLE 110BLEM INPUT FILE

0 z w

II C

C(f)

zc __o_ a

liJ 7 NC C C w fl

J a coo

C

C z

CN 7 rrN

Q bullUHCCO

u - u-gt -~ C lt --- cv

ifI 10 O C 0 0 --CO C

LJ Ii -gt C 0 )- o-- -- 1- - U II

rmiddot Z C 0 cmiddot -C C -0OJrOClt 0 1 0 CC

o= __ l_l lt C C I bull bull

- -- 0 o) 0 I 0 middott ll bull - CO o

J t-)O O C 0

oouu---_ t J bullbullbull

t bullw-ccoc-o ex c-ouu

C 00 D lf 00 r

-Dgt- cooii -- 0 Co-- II U

(bull Cl J--Ln Z _I

r--- 3 0 O C 0 (J 00 0 _ 0 UCO 0 gtlt C c C

o-- C

-0--0-V--Nlf bullNshy bull tfI bull tI t-1 bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ bull -O N c O 00000000 o -D 0r z _ 0 r-- (J- (J (Jo a

t-~t- ----~bull--fl--0- 0-1f-V middot-shy bull-ru bull-tJ bull-- - uI U) -0 a N 0 oc000000ltgtOD

C-66

--------------------u2 EXJMPLE PROBLEM OUTPUT

II N II

ltC r

c-

C

C

C

II 11

r gt C C 0

-

QC

er

0

II gtlt 2

~ C

L 0 Q - 0

C C

Q C

1 C

II

II

C 0 r

)- c

0 C C

v r r II O II

t- z c 0 -~-=-

- J 0 l tr -11 1-C-_O Ogtlt 1--cc lgtO -gt-shy _

C-67

lt 2

L LL lf - x L c C -lti 1- C I - ~ v Ci lti ~ ltt - c _ l --_ X

Z ~ if ltI~ i z

_ _ -- J

bullbull u

_ 1 lt t 1 l J-

laquo

L _ 0

C

laquo 1lt -

C-68

bull bull

---------

bullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull

middotbullbullbull~

bull ltsTUL STAlf flf llfF ~YSTfM bullbull bullbullbull-~~+middot

fPA(T T t S l P fJ n fi I f ~

GRTD r-P 1-1 I Jmiddot

TfFhf A~t q (rlLS Jos Ill~~ T-1f_[TJlN ~11H IJfllA ~ If 75(1iM YftllllC A TIIHl fXTlNT tlF t750 bull (IM

l 1~1gt gtlt[ (ti LS j lHF y LTllf[l fl)N ~tlH ~ ntL TA y nv con~M qEL(JNG h TtTAt FJltT[Jl rt ~ltOn o- THJ ~f M~~ 011S rrr 1r I gtfffllr- A nrll Z llf n (I bull n Y t I rlT 11 A T 1T~ I r X T f I I l bull 7on o]

GP Ill 10 I H1 AT l 1

() I

Q ( b7~nn 4~UOP 7ro n)

0 lbulltbullbullmiddotmiddotbullbull~Ajl~A~AAAI~

bull bull

kbullbullbullbull~A~ diams

bullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbulltbullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

+I bull bullbull

J~~bullbullbull~~middotmiddot~bullbullbullAAA~A+~ttbull~ diams

1)1 o~ 011) +~

bullbull bull- bull -

- ()

c

CL C

(

r r

cshy u -shyC er

C

u lt o~ z

- 0

ex _ f

lt 1

U gtshyc

()

0

C _ C

-shyi

u shyZI () )

I C I I

ltI ltgt I wl CL I

c

w r

u

w r

I 0 0

u C_ I JJ- Z I

I u er I

I 0 ~ I

I - - I I c a U I

C u _ ()

w C w a

C-70

CCC

C _

-- IJJ

~ C lt w 0

a a 4J co

4- gt w gtgtlt C Cl er

QC= L1J

z - l V V

CC C C C c

C cmiddot

u w

~t N

oc - C C

C

X lt lt Cbull C T z z CC 0

~- V CC C W~2 -- co a-

u ltl gt gt -t I lt lt a -- a

l -_

en v a _ _ -z _ c C

lo- bullbullbull -- CC

=-

a w u

l t l w

lI

l

wli6J W ~ za - -o Q 0 = 0 0

lt C

= 0 gtO-gt

_ - - - C N bull bull bull bull bull

C O Co-

n lt(

w I V a I w

I I I w z r

--o-- gt-J

r I JJ () of I J

ltl er I

a ----a-o-11 0 u

z _ 0

0 z

w w

I-

C-71

C C

II

-middot lt gt

i

C

C ~ bull bull laquo bull laquo laquo ~ ~ ~ bull ~ laquo ~ ~ C C ~ = C C C ~ ~ laquocccc---cclaquoc bullCCCCCCCCC-t laquo C bull- bull bull_ -middot ~ C lt- ltmiddot - r 11cccccrccclaquo bull---c __ _u laquoCCC CCCtrt fl_= -c-=-laquo laquo C C C _~ C laquo _ laquoccc ccclaquolt bullccc c-ltcbullgt bull C C C C C C laquo laquoccotcc-middotc~ bull cc- -0( C C

ccci C C C C c C C laquo r

- - CC- C ~ laquo -rc-ccc--=rbullx laquocccoc-c ~ fl ii laquo 1 bull +

-----~~~~~~~n~nnn~~c~=~~=acoo~~==~~~=~shy++++ +- +1- + -++ diams lt1- + I ibull Jbull L J -~ I ~ ~- gt_

I - C) C ( - f r n (J r r - r r T --shy

o cc c - - ~~ca c ~ ~ ~ ~ = ~ ~ ~ J 0 I -C C r ( =- - lt ( X - r a r - c

]

-f

_ c

C C C

c C C

bull C C

-=- -

(Jt-0-~c---~ ~ r- ~ - lt~c~-cn-~~~r-n~r~rc

- tt middot- c r- c--

a J I I I I I I I I bullbull I I t I I I I r _ t cc-_ cc-==

~------~NNN~~~~~~~~~ CCCCCCCltCCC CO - - CC +++-+++bull-+

i Imiddot_ II u -_WII _i_bull L i i _ - 1 1 ubull Ubull l_

C LL C

cc --c-- ~ ~ c

o~~~~o~-~~~~~~~~~~~~ C

u r

ccocc---r--CCta middottc--r- crmN-O~~c~-r~~-~~~~ncNr~~~mo-~~-~T~~~cr~~shy

C C c

c f C f 0 C bull ~~ rJ ~ lJI C i_ - __ f - X C tC CCC CCC CC

C - r J 0 T-- Cl ~_ - -- - - - _ J n rJ J 1J II

r O LL

c u a C lt( Cgt

a - 0-0--ctrlI-

0 - a

O w

J gt i

U U II 11 11 11 II Ii II 11__JJ----

C-72

~ C ~ C C O C C lt r

LfrCCCllCmiddotC C

ltC 1C-CCrllOOC er a uJ llcccccoco-

c rvoooooocicc - N

-ccccooocc

tr0t---DIJlfrllfJ-5 )

11 II II It ll ti N It II II w ) _-- u

C-73

C I

C

C

C

- 0 CC yen C C lt- -9 c

r_ r

I -yen I u- r_ yen

ii ~ Ui I diams h it - ( c cu bull Cc tc bullr c cc Jt fl - c- 0 0- 0- middotshy lt bull tr c X r lf bullgt

-f -c ~ pound j bull f tr bull i

-tt-middotbull - er bull I - ~

laquo ( r

- - - -middot - -middot - - - - - - - - - -- _ -middot ~ C -cltcmiddotc_-~c

I I I I I t I I I i I I I I I I 1 I +

-i I u J ] J LI 1- J _ _ middot _ - - _ -

lt r imiddot - _ i- r ~- c lt cmiddot - -- - c - ~

- lt c cmiddot o ltmiddot ~ -- - --_middot lt -_- ~ -- - - - ~ -=-c~CCO -cc -cmiddotc-shymiddotf f =- r c 1 0 u ~r -- r - _ -

-middot I- I C rr C I I-- - C C J C middot ~ rbull I -C - U I J r f ~ I -

I - I c I _ I J

I - 1middot I i I I I I I I I J I I I f I I I I I I

- Ir ) iJ

_- I _ I cc-ccc-cc=c-c -cr- I I I 1 I I t I I ~ l I I I I I I t I I I I I -y I

I Jbull L _ I 1 bull 1 1 __ _ _ 1 _ v 1 Ia u I I

bull I =- t C = lt 7 C - bull C bull (bull lt C 0 C _ C I v- _ I C - (middot - C r r C C C _- C r-_ C ( - C lt 1middot C lt -~ I middot= c Cmiddot ~ - - = -r - r i _ J cmiddot I ~ I C f _middot J C- J [ f ( If middotmiddot f = f C J _ C

) I r - r J _ - C cf 0- 1 -- -middot f - I

CO I II I

- I

C I I - I I I - - -~ I tJ rll II bullJ -

Clt I UIO I I L I r - I

U I u -- I l I 0- I I - I

Clt I er I I U II II 11 11 11 II 11 11 11~

u I - ) ~ 1 ) -gt ~ ) - -

gt bull rr bullbull bull z bull _ _ bull V) bull laquo

z - l bull

-

bullf

C

-_ middot - --~ _

V

L

lt

r middot [ _

lt - r - I ( - J c-

- bullr

_ middot

C-75

r

-

1

bull bull

bull laquo

V

T C

-

er

J

V

-- lC

r

CL C

Le C

-

~ C 7 Cbull

laquo w

z LL C Cle

~ u laquo Q

gt ltI laquo laquo laquo

bull laquobulllaquobull laquo

laquo

laquo

7

C r

J C

X u lt(

CC- C

CC-

V) - 0 r J

-w

r

z -

l -

JN

z -

C

z

z

L

u ltXl

t

-_ c C = -- - ltf - C r_

CCC C CC

-iccc_cc C-

ltGCCCCCC

z -

lt i - l i J ~ J ~ - ~ a

- =-middot + - + ~ J w C _- C 0

Q C- C C C 0 lt( c=cc0 0 - C C c lt

-gt oc o-=

0 _J 11 11 11 U It l 0 w V

- ~ w i I-- (t Ct

lt - ) tr ~ (l ~

~ltV) VJ J I O - u J -d I l r ~- CC f l1 U D U f C I_ Z

-11 -w--~ I O UZ Z

2 i -1 u ~ 11--0 J er tr ashy~ i 1 i ~v- ltt q

C-76

I

_

gt C

bull C I I - II _

l -L -

+ bull

II

JJ

V II J bull -

Cmiddot = - bull I _shy

Ibull x 1

l r II

0- C 11 middot-bullbull lt C

r C

C _Jc II

- + J1-L gt bull-1---

~ G ~ --

bull C C r- I

LL C If

t IIlaquo~__-t

(1 + bull - r C fl

lt u lu Urbull

C

c

I

_ r- C a V c cmiddot cbull + + +

~ I W i_ ~~1 I

ui -l IO gt-middot -U r---

Ct --

o C C C

- _J ~ f lt r -l- bull w

V

r C

z I

~ middot ~ 1 J bull ~

u I II

gtlt I I _J

Le I bull~

tf

~

--_middot)

II

i

l

~ I j_jLl Ct - I CtmiddotC i ct I J

I f U _ ) I=gt 7-

shy u omiddot

gt 0

J r - i Igtlt X - I-~ Ll - C- I _ L IX J er 1) C C t I 1 C ~ Li

o J h bull

lt i_

Ll Ilt w I~

I l Un c I Z I

I

-0

2 -= J J 0

shy

al I Jr I 0 n

C-77

SURFACF PLnr OF IJ Vf1_0CyiY____ ______ __ C[1 cf n U9 I f Vr L ~

PLOT (HAP TltT[iVAL

n nooon0Fbullno - l7[bullJSbullj

JJ4JltJF-Oj - l21F-11 3ug_3l=-n1 - ~ ~ 1- i- - ~

5 bull I IJ S F - 0 l - h A~gt~ l ~i_ r 1 2 h bull gt- h 7 c - 1) l - 11 gt 1 oltJ le -

gtllt7ol3E-1 - 1 bull n 2 fllt 1middot + n n 3 t oct1S1+f)O - l I qQ93f + 1 (

1 rqg1-_+00 - t~~i-bullv 4 t3713~+01) - l bull S 1J 2 7 l t ~

14(7H+n0 - I bull 7 t 1J I u f +-1 C 5 I bull l I lC + 0 0 - 11likle bull0bull1

llH1[F 00 - c0ltJl)l bull00 b 2nSlnF+0) - bull fl jll [ bull ~ 0

2 i 1 tl IJI t middot) - t ~l9fh +( 0 7 bull S-i1 -~ + ( U - bull t T I Hi_ -+ ~ 1

lHF+Ol - bull 7 J f +- shy

I z 74270 qo - bull I) I IJ t t + J 2 bull q l ltl 1 F + 0 11 - 3H5-1lt hllt

q 3-uHSuE n1 - 3)thncr ~rr

$2-ln45F_l1 - ~1H~- rri() I

--J OJ

SURFACF PLC flF V VELbulll~ll

(IJll1l IJVLLS

PLOT CHA9 1 1 [ lt J Al

0 -~ll[t77f-~I - -1-1 ~SoQf bullr I -6 13gtngtF-11 -s J ~ 1 1~ - bull) 1

I - bull I - 31 ~ ~ - 1 1 - bull 7 71 I bull r 1 -u717bull-~1 - t1 ntJ0 0sr -r

2 - u bull O1 u SF - r1 l - 11OP middot 7 t - 1) l -34~c1f-~1 - -27z1oh~F-11

3 - 2 bull 1 h F - 1 l - -nolt01F-1 - z 0 ltl F - I) - -1h3r-r1

Q -1 333-11 -k A 1~t~ -r -6tlgt2F-n bull gto()t~~i=-h

5 21101lt1zE-01gt - 1gtll17oPl-o u111 lnbullf-02 - 11middotqof-01

I l36YQ~middot-n1 - 2 0 0 lt I) H - l I 204gtn7-11 - 27gtn75f-nt

7 272b7F-)I - LJolltIIE-01 3401i3[-01 - O 0ltl0 I If - I

I lt1oqo11i-01 - U7771fbull0 471179-01 - 50107pound-01

q 5 bull 4 i 3 Q 7 F - l I - gtbullI 3c 1 lt[ bull11 I

Jlil1t-11tct-fbull-l1ti111t--

lt bull h~QC) 77 ooor7

bull flbull 77 0 nn 77 l~t10 r 7 7 bull RPQQ JIO middot~bullAtA~-~ttibullt~j v AX Imiddot V ~ L F I bull 1 II -r 7 F diams 0 C ~middot r 1-J r bullr i Ai_ I 1t ~ () 11 1 fl I (I- middotj bull

~~ ~bull~bulltbull bullltltltlt~ bull lti ltlt

5S)Ch(CC J Ii

- rlc

bull i lt - lt gt 4 ~ 1111 5i ltClti

LI 0 0 lt)tlltl)C-lt

bull lt-iS ltltltlt bull scsijcc) bull ~ i cltc bullltlt

bull-tbulli11bullw11Jr+ ~ bullbull 1~t111

~Xlllll_VAltgtf 1lltnHgtF-01 middot 1 ( r ~ t 1~ v A - bull c =- n A 1 1 r - (1 1

C C

C C

J

shy i

C

+ u Le C C

~ + laquo laquo ~ laquo ~ ~ bull -k ~ C laquo C C ( C C C C C -k C _ C - C C C yen C fl( C C C lt- C C ( ( o1ot

+cc-cr--c __ -cc-cccc~middotcc fl CO 1middot C C _CC C C C C- 4ic ~ bull cmiddot CCC_ -1 CC c ( c cmiddot bull c~ =middot - Cc C tmiddot ltI

~ C C r -- ( C gt C c C ( 1(CClt CCCC rcc~ ccc

bull laquo laquo bull

tc O J C 0

CCC

( -C r r C Cmiddot J J I J r v L r L

-L-=-

-fl

fl f( J

bull laquo II bull J bullmiddot lt bullbullgt

~-- C C bull- C c_ C C bull__gt-cmiddot--~c-c

41

r- 0 - 0-

C C C CC C- bull 7 C C

+ laquo C ~

C _- C -ti laquo

-1 ~ l

laquo bull

C laquo

O bull laquo

-= C - +

C lt

C r C c r r C 7 C C - C - _ middot + + +-++-+t-++

-

~ C - C- - _ - - - _ -middot - - - - -c --_ r_ middot 1 C _-- - C Cmiddot o C +++++ diams~ -t++-+++

- - -bull-w-~-~~~-~-~-w~~ r I -X - J ( ~ - l -L C 0 _ CC

C - c- - - - ~ Jbull Cu 1shy ~r =- r - t C _I r_ - - ~~ _bull

- ~ r C lfmiddot (

-- r--

t J C t-- a

~ cmiddot rmiddot -L- C r - t C ~ C

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- - 7 cmiddot C C - - - C -+ I I l I t I I I I I f I I I I

- 1r middotbull _ ~~~~~middot~~~~ - _Jr_~ ~ If~ C- C 0 c - -middot - _ J middot - -~ t _ X if - C - -- _ l~-~=JJCshy -J r i middot J -- ~ v - O - J

I middot- I -- - ~ - - - I _

~ -I

I

) lt

~ I T

U I L _ _ II

C J

r I C -

I I

C-92

C

+

C

II

C C

ltIt bull laquo laquo laquo bull laquo ti laquo - - ( fr I I CClaquo laquo =- C-J I t tJ C C tl ~

bull ~-0 Lf-v- c laquocc J-ir olaquobull~c -c c-cclaquo _ r-- C =- claquo II bull C t 0- - - t C c - -= (bull O middotbull lt - tt C C 41 _ + C I (JClaquolt diams O C bull laquo C C laquo C LI LI C r --- r J ~yenlaquo~ccbullccccc ~bull- iC c~ ~- bull= - tmiddot = ~ C laquo -bull

~ g ~ ~r ~ ~ ~ laquo laquo laquo oil bull 1( bull ~~-~-------~-~~~~~~0 C 0 --cc- CC-middot-=

t r I I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I t I I I I uJ uJ -4J J - w -middot l- __ i J ~ 1bull L middot~ L r 0lt-C ~c~~c--~-~-~~~--c N - II I ~~r~~-zrr~-~-~~~c~~~ r c 1 - I C - t middot- J -C _ ~ C cmiddot - If - - C f _cf_ f I C ( ~ r c ~ c t-- c j - ~ c = - ( ~~c~cr-rr~-~c-~-~~~ I I t ~ =1 ~ I - - t rv- -- middotr t - ~ r

I _ I

I I E I bull t I I C I I t I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

ll I er 1 J pf ~ J tJ nJ J lt-CCC ll I coc-c--cc--cccctmiddotc-cc-ccc I I I I r bull I I t I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

iL ~-Ju ~~~~~~w~~~~~~w~~~~~~0 ~lLffI a 0Ncc-c-~N~N-~r-~~~-shyCl) _( ( i c~~EE~~c-0v~~~~~arr~r r-- -1- lfI ~-~~ro-~~o-~~--~~P Cmiddot co~~~cc~~~c~~~~~-~c~

0- - =t D O~VN~~I~~c-0~-mc-N~1 ~ ~ c-

- t o~-N~-~f-OC~E~~------~ _

~

Q - u J - J

C c u 3 J Q

C-93

5 3 NUMBER OF SPECIFIED wum SITES

If an excessive number of wind sites are used the asshy

signment of high confidence levels to each site will result in

an unrealistic wind field if the data is not compatable A rule

of thumb for determining the maximum number of ~igh confidence

level wind sites is N = (NXmiddotNY) divided by 40~40 If the

number of wind sites exceeds N reduce the confidence values

assigned to the winct data

C-62

5 4 MYRUP RlNZIERI DIFFUSIVITY MODEL

When using the MyrupRanzieri Model (IDODIF = l) the

user should take care that an inversion base and top are defined

everywhere in the grid That is the stability values go from

less than 45 at the surface to greater than 4J and then to less

than 45 again Otherwise the model may calculate large vertical

diffusivities (limited to 1000 m2 sec) even under stable conditions

when DZmiddotNZ is greater than 500 to 1000 meters The advection

diffusion time step will be limited in these circumstances to 2approximately At= 00008 (DZ) if DZ is equal to 100 meters

then At equal 8 seconds A time step of 8 seconds requires 450

advectiondiffusion cycles per hour which will result in long

run times for multiple-species multiple-hour simulations

C-63

5 5 LOCATION OF PODlT A1D REA SOURCES

Due to the boundary conditions specified for the second

order advectiondiffusion algorithm placing point or area sources

in cells at the edge of the cornputationnJ domain will result in an

over predictibn of pollutant concentrations The user should take

care that all point and area sources are at least one cell removed

from the boundary

i---------r-middot------ -r------r--~ f ) I i 1 bull kbull -+----- -+----i--middotmiddot- middotmiddot--middot~middot-middot middotbull---i

----~+__ i -+-~--Avoid placing I i

sources in the ___________ -----~--l shaded cells _J

i l t L J j L bull l j

i I

C-64

6 0 EXAMPLE PR OBJ EM

A simplified exemplnry problem designed to demonstrate

several of the features and options avnilable in the IMPACT code

is described below Section 61 illustrates the input file and

section 62 is the program output

The problem illustrated below is a grid of dimensions

NX =NY= 9 NZ= 7 DX= 750 DY= 500 DZ= 100 The shaded

area indicates the non-zero terrain (height= 1000 feet) Five

surface roughness data are specified (Z 0 ) although they arc not

required since IDODIF = 3 (DEPICT diffusivity)

9

8

7

t 6 J 5

4

3

z z

2

1 ~_________________z__

s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I~

The problem is to be run for 2 hours with wind and stabilitybull

data specified (wind at w stability at s) each hour Sulfate chem-

istry is selected (IDOCEM = 3) and there is sirnulati~n of both a

point source P with a user-specified 6h and emission equal to

10 gsec tracer 500 gsec S02 and no SO~ and an area source

indicated by the cross hatched area with emissions per grid cell

equal to 2 gsec tracer and 270 gsec S02 Background concentrashy

tions (B) are set to 00 for all levels and all species The wind

direction remains constant at 270deg for both hours while the wind

speed changes from 30 msec to J 5 msec The stability profile

is unstable to neutral to st1ble the first hour changing to comshy

pletely stable the second hour

C-65

hJ EXAMPLE 110BLEM INPUT FILE

0 z w

II C

C(f)

zc __o_ a

liJ 7 NC C C w fl

J a coo

C

C z

CN 7 rrN

Q bullUHCCO

u - u-gt -~ C lt --- cv

ifI 10 O C 0 0 --CO C

LJ Ii -gt C 0 )- o-- -- 1- - U II

rmiddot Z C 0 cmiddot -C C -0OJrOClt 0 1 0 CC

o= __ l_l lt C C I bull bull

- -- 0 o) 0 I 0 middott ll bull - CO o

J t-)O O C 0

oouu---_ t J bullbullbull

t bullw-ccoc-o ex c-ouu

C 00 D lf 00 r

-Dgt- cooii -- 0 Co-- II U

(bull Cl J--Ln Z _I

r--- 3 0 O C 0 (J 00 0 _ 0 UCO 0 gtlt C c C

o-- C

-0--0-V--Nlf bullNshy bull tfI bull tI t-1 bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ bull -O N c O 00000000 o -D 0r z _ 0 r-- (J- (J (Jo a

t-~t- ----~bull--fl--0- 0-1f-V middot-shy bull-ru bull-tJ bull-- - uI U) -0 a N 0 oc000000ltgtOD

C-66

--------------------u2 EXJMPLE PROBLEM OUTPUT

II N II

ltC r

c-

C

C

C

II 11

r gt C C 0

-

QC

er

0

II gtlt 2

~ C

L 0 Q - 0

C C

Q C

1 C

II

II

C 0 r

)- c

0 C C

v r r II O II

t- z c 0 -~-=-

- J 0 l tr -11 1-C-_O Ogtlt 1--cc lgtO -gt-shy _

C-67

lt 2

L LL lf - x L c C -lti 1- C I - ~ v Ci lti ~ ltt - c _ l --_ X

Z ~ if ltI~ i z

_ _ -- J

bullbull u

_ 1 lt t 1 l J-

laquo

L _ 0

C

laquo 1lt -

C-68

bull bull

---------

bullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull

middotbullbullbull~

bull ltsTUL STAlf flf llfF ~YSTfM bullbull bullbullbull-~~+middot

fPA(T T t S l P fJ n fi I f ~

GRTD r-P 1-1 I Jmiddot

TfFhf A~t q (rlLS Jos Ill~~ T-1f_[TJlN ~11H IJfllA ~ If 75(1iM YftllllC A TIIHl fXTlNT tlF t750 bull (IM

l 1~1gt gtlt[ (ti LS j lHF y LTllf[l fl)N ~tlH ~ ntL TA y nv con~M qEL(JNG h TtTAt FJltT[Jl rt ~ltOn o- THJ ~f M~~ 011S rrr 1r I gtfffllr- A nrll Z llf n (I bull n Y t I rlT 11 A T 1T~ I r X T f I I l bull 7on o]

GP Ill 10 I H1 AT l 1

() I

Q ( b7~nn 4~UOP 7ro n)

0 lbulltbullbullmiddotmiddotbullbull~Ajl~A~AAAI~

bull bull

kbullbullbullbull~A~ diams

bullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbulltbullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

+I bull bullbull

J~~bullbullbull~~middotmiddot~bullbullbullAAA~A+~ttbull~ diams

1)1 o~ 011) +~

bullbull bull- bull -

- ()

c

CL C

(

r r

cshy u -shyC er

C

u lt o~ z

- 0

ex _ f

lt 1

U gtshyc

()

0

C _ C

-shyi

u shyZI () )

I C I I

ltI ltgt I wl CL I

c

w r

u

w r

I 0 0

u C_ I JJ- Z I

I u er I

I 0 ~ I

I - - I I c a U I

C u _ ()

w C w a

C-70

CCC

C _

-- IJJ

~ C lt w 0

a a 4J co

4- gt w gtgtlt C Cl er

QC= L1J

z - l V V

CC C C C c

C cmiddot

u w

~t N

oc - C C

C

X lt lt Cbull C T z z CC 0

~- V CC C W~2 -- co a-

u ltl gt gt -t I lt lt a -- a

l -_

en v a _ _ -z _ c C

lo- bullbullbull -- CC

=-

a w u

l t l w

lI

l

wli6J W ~ za - -o Q 0 = 0 0

lt C

= 0 gtO-gt

_ - - - C N bull bull bull bull bull

C O Co-

n lt(

w I V a I w

I I I w z r

--o-- gt-J

r I JJ () of I J

ltl er I

a ----a-o-11 0 u

z _ 0

0 z

w w

I-

C-71

C C

II

-middot lt gt

i

C

C ~ bull bull laquo bull laquo laquo ~ ~ ~ bull ~ laquo ~ ~ C C ~ = C C C ~ ~ laquocccc---cclaquoc bullCCCCCCCCC-t laquo C bull- bull bull_ -middot ~ C lt- ltmiddot - r 11cccccrccclaquo bull---c __ _u laquoCCC CCCtrt fl_= -c-=-laquo laquo C C C _~ C laquo _ laquoccc ccclaquolt bullccc c-ltcbullgt bull C C C C C C laquo laquoccotcc-middotc~ bull cc- -0( C C

ccci C C C C c C C laquo r

- - CC- C ~ laquo -rc-ccc--=rbullx laquocccoc-c ~ fl ii laquo 1 bull +

-----~~~~~~~n~nnn~~c~=~~=acoo~~==~~~=~shy++++ +- +1- + -++ diams lt1- + I ibull Jbull L J -~ I ~ ~- gt_

I - C) C ( - f r n (J r r - r r T --shy

o cc c - - ~~ca c ~ ~ ~ ~ = ~ ~ ~ J 0 I -C C r ( =- - lt ( X - r a r - c

]

-f

_ c

C C C

c C C

bull C C

-=- -

(Jt-0-~c---~ ~ r- ~ - lt~c~-cn-~~~r-n~r~rc

- tt middot- c r- c--

a J I I I I I I I I bullbull I I t I I I I r _ t cc-_ cc-==

~------~NNN~~~~~~~~~ CCCCCCCltCCC CO - - CC +++-+++bull-+

i Imiddot_ II u -_WII _i_bull L i i _ - 1 1 ubull Ubull l_

C LL C

cc --c-- ~ ~ c

o~~~~o~-~~~~~~~~~~~~ C

u r

ccocc---r--CCta middottc--r- crmN-O~~c~-r~~-~~~~ncNr~~~mo-~~-~T~~~cr~~shy

C C c

c f C f 0 C bull ~~ rJ ~ lJI C i_ - __ f - X C tC CCC CCC CC

C - r J 0 T-- Cl ~_ - -- - - - _ J n rJ J 1J II

r O LL

c u a C lt( Cgt

a - 0-0--ctrlI-

0 - a

O w

J gt i

U U II 11 11 11 II Ii II 11__JJ----

C-72

~ C ~ C C O C C lt r

LfrCCCllCmiddotC C

ltC 1C-CCrllOOC er a uJ llcccccoco-

c rvoooooocicc - N

-ccccooocc

tr0t---DIJlfrllfJ-5 )

11 II II It ll ti N It II II w ) _-- u

C-73

C I

C

C

C

- 0 CC yen C C lt- -9 c

r_ r

I -yen I u- r_ yen

ii ~ Ui I diams h it - ( c cu bull Cc tc bullr c cc Jt fl - c- 0 0- 0- middotshy lt bull tr c X r lf bullgt

-f -c ~ pound j bull f tr bull i

-tt-middotbull - er bull I - ~

laquo ( r

- - - -middot - -middot - - - - - - - - - -- _ -middot ~ C -cltcmiddotc_-~c

I I I I I t I I I i I I I I I I 1 I +

-i I u J ] J LI 1- J _ _ middot _ - - _ -

lt r imiddot - _ i- r ~- c lt cmiddot - -- - c - ~

- lt c cmiddot o ltmiddot ~ -- - --_middot lt -_- ~ -- - - - ~ -=-c~CCO -cc -cmiddotc-shymiddotf f =- r c 1 0 u ~r -- r - _ -

-middot I- I C rr C I I-- - C C J C middot ~ rbull I -C - U I J r f ~ I -

I - I c I _ I J

I - 1middot I i I I I I I I I J I I I f I I I I I I

- Ir ) iJ

_- I _ I cc-ccc-cc=c-c -cr- I I I 1 I I t I I ~ l I I I I I I t I I I I I -y I

I Jbull L _ I 1 bull 1 1 __ _ _ 1 _ v 1 Ia u I I

bull I =- t C = lt 7 C - bull C bull (bull lt C 0 C _ C I v- _ I C - (middot - C r r C C C _- C r-_ C ( - C lt 1middot C lt -~ I middot= c Cmiddot ~ - - = -r - r i _ J cmiddot I ~ I C f _middot J C- J [ f ( If middotmiddot f = f C J _ C

) I r - r J _ - C cf 0- 1 -- -middot f - I

CO I II I

- I

C I I - I I I - - -~ I tJ rll II bullJ -

Clt I UIO I I L I r - I

U I u -- I l I 0- I I - I

Clt I er I I U II II 11 11 11 II 11 11 11~

u I - ) ~ 1 ) -gt ~ ) - -

gt bull rr bullbull bull z bull _ _ bull V) bull laquo

z - l bull

-

bullf

C

-_ middot - --~ _

V

L

lt

r middot [ _

lt - r - I ( - J c-

- bullr

_ middot

C-75

r

-

1

bull bull

bull laquo

V

T C

-

er

J

V

-- lC

r

CL C

Le C

-

~ C 7 Cbull

laquo w

z LL C Cle

~ u laquo Q

gt ltI laquo laquo laquo

bull laquobulllaquobull laquo

laquo

laquo

7

C r

J C

X u lt(

CC- C

CC-

V) - 0 r J

-w

r

z -

l -

JN

z -

C

z

z

L

u ltXl

t

-_ c C = -- - ltf - C r_

CCC C CC

-iccc_cc C-

ltGCCCCCC

z -

lt i - l i J ~ J ~ - ~ a

- =-middot + - + ~ J w C _- C 0

Q C- C C C 0 lt( c=cc0 0 - C C c lt

-gt oc o-=

0 _J 11 11 11 U It l 0 w V

- ~ w i I-- (t Ct

lt - ) tr ~ (l ~

~ltV) VJ J I O - u J -d I l r ~- CC f l1 U D U f C I_ Z

-11 -w--~ I O UZ Z

2 i -1 u ~ 11--0 J er tr ashy~ i 1 i ~v- ltt q

C-76

I

_

gt C

bull C I I - II _

l -L -

+ bull

II

JJ

V II J bull -

Cmiddot = - bull I _shy

Ibull x 1

l r II

0- C 11 middot-bullbull lt C

r C

C _Jc II

- + J1-L gt bull-1---

~ G ~ --

bull C C r- I

LL C If

t IIlaquo~__-t

(1 + bull - r C fl

lt u lu Urbull

C

c

I

_ r- C a V c cmiddot cbull + + +

~ I W i_ ~~1 I

ui -l IO gt-middot -U r---

Ct --

o C C C

- _J ~ f lt r -l- bull w

V

r C

z I

~ middot ~ 1 J bull ~

u I II

gtlt I I _J

Le I bull~

tf

~

--_middot)

II

i

l

~ I j_jLl Ct - I CtmiddotC i ct I J

I f U _ ) I=gt 7-

shy u omiddot

gt 0

J r - i Igtlt X - I-~ Ll - C- I _ L IX J er 1) C C t I 1 C ~ Li

o J h bull

lt i_

Ll Ilt w I~

I l Un c I Z I

I

-0

2 -= J J 0

shy

al I Jr I 0 n

C-77

SURFACF PLnr OF IJ Vf1_0CyiY____ ______ __ C[1 cf n U9 I f Vr L ~

PLOT (HAP TltT[iVAL

n nooon0Fbullno - l7[bullJSbullj

JJ4JltJF-Oj - l21F-11 3ug_3l=-n1 - ~ ~ 1- i- - ~

5 bull I IJ S F - 0 l - h A~gt~ l ~i_ r 1 2 h bull gt- h 7 c - 1) l - 11 gt 1 oltJ le -

gtllt7ol3E-1 - 1 bull n 2 fllt 1middot + n n 3 t oct1S1+f)O - l I qQ93f + 1 (

1 rqg1-_+00 - t~~i-bullv 4 t3713~+01) - l bull S 1J 2 7 l t ~

14(7H+n0 - I bull 7 t 1J I u f +-1 C 5 I bull l I lC + 0 0 - 11likle bull0bull1

llH1[F 00 - c0ltJl)l bull00 b 2nSlnF+0) - bull fl jll [ bull ~ 0

2 i 1 tl IJI t middot) - t ~l9fh +( 0 7 bull S-i1 -~ + ( U - bull t T I Hi_ -+ ~ 1

lHF+Ol - bull 7 J f +- shy

I z 74270 qo - bull I) I IJ t t + J 2 bull q l ltl 1 F + 0 11 - 3H5-1lt hllt

q 3-uHSuE n1 - 3)thncr ~rr

$2-ln45F_l1 - ~1H~- rri() I

--J OJ

SURFACF PLC flF V VELbulll~ll

(IJll1l IJVLLS

PLOT CHA9 1 1 [ lt J Al

0 -~ll[t77f-~I - -1-1 ~SoQf bullr I -6 13gtngtF-11 -s J ~ 1 1~ - bull) 1

I - bull I - 31 ~ ~ - 1 1 - bull 7 71 I bull r 1 -u717bull-~1 - t1 ntJ0 0sr -r

2 - u bull O1 u SF - r1 l - 11OP middot 7 t - 1) l -34~c1f-~1 - -27z1oh~F-11

3 - 2 bull 1 h F - 1 l - -nolt01F-1 - z 0 ltl F - I) - -1h3r-r1

Q -1 333-11 -k A 1~t~ -r -6tlgt2F-n bull gto()t~~i=-h

5 21101lt1zE-01gt - 1gtll17oPl-o u111 lnbullf-02 - 11middotqof-01

I l36YQ~middot-n1 - 2 0 0 lt I) H - l I 204gtn7-11 - 27gtn75f-nt

7 272b7F-)I - LJolltIIE-01 3401i3[-01 - O 0ltl0 I If - I

I lt1oqo11i-01 - U7771fbull0 471179-01 - 50107pound-01

q 5 bull 4 i 3 Q 7 F - l I - gtbullI 3c 1 lt[ bull11 I

Jlil1t-11tct-fbull-l1ti111t--

lt bull h~QC) 77 ooor7

bull flbull 77 0 nn 77 l~t10 r 7 7 bull RPQQ JIO middot~bullAtA~-~ttibullt~j v AX Imiddot V ~ L F I bull 1 II -r 7 F diams 0 C ~middot r 1-J r bullr i Ai_ I 1t ~ () 11 1 fl I (I- middotj bull

~~ ~bull~bulltbull bullltltltlt~ bull lti ltlt

5S)Ch(CC J Ii

- rlc

bull i lt - lt gt 4 ~ 1111 5i ltClti

LI 0 0 lt)tlltl)C-lt

bull lt-iS ltltltlt bull scsijcc) bull ~ i cltc bullltlt

bull-tbulli11bullw11Jr+ ~ bullbull 1~t111

~Xlllll_VAltgtf 1lltnHgtF-01 middot 1 ( r ~ t 1~ v A - bull c =- n A 1 1 r - (1 1

C C

C C

J

shy i

C

+ u Le C C

~ + laquo laquo ~ laquo ~ ~ bull -k ~ C laquo C C ( C C C C C -k C _ C - C C C yen C fl( C C C lt- C C ( ( o1ot

+cc-cr--c __ -cc-cccc~middotcc fl CO 1middot C C _CC C C C C- 4ic ~ bull cmiddot CCC_ -1 CC c ( c cmiddot bull c~ =middot - Cc C tmiddot ltI

~ C C r -- ( C gt C c C ( 1(CClt CCCC rcc~ ccc

bull laquo laquo bull

tc O J C 0

CCC

( -C r r C Cmiddot J J I J r v L r L

-L-=-

-fl

fl f( J

bull laquo II bull J bullmiddot lt bullbullgt

~-- C C bull- C c_ C C bull__gt-cmiddot--~c-c

41

r- 0 - 0-

C C C CC C- bull 7 C C

+ laquo C ~

C _- C -ti laquo

-1 ~ l

laquo bull

C laquo

O bull laquo

-= C - +

C lt

C r C c r r C 7 C C - C - _ middot + + +-++-+t-++

-

~ C - C- - _ - - - _ -middot - - - - -c --_ r_ middot 1 C _-- - C Cmiddot o C +++++ diams~ -t++-+++

- - -bull-w-~-~~~-~-~-w~~ r I -X - J ( ~ - l -L C 0 _ CC

C - c- - - - ~ Jbull Cu 1shy ~r =- r - t C _I r_ - - ~~ _bull

- ~ r C lfmiddot (

-- r--

t J C t-- a

~ cmiddot rmiddot -L- C r - t C ~ C

-~~~~~--r-~~cc~~~~~ poundA~~c~~c~~~~~cooc-shyc--~-=~~~nN~poundS~N~~o ~pound~C~~~c~~~VpoundKOC-N

(lJ n gt -

I I I t I f t I 8 I I I I I I I I I t r gt I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t I r

C C +

C C C + T

C -

C C ltbull ( -tbull

C ~ C + ~

c 4 +

C - C rmiddot + +

C ~

-4-

diams

r +

lt

-+

-C diams

- ~ C C-+ _

JJ C C - C - - -middot ccC(Clt ltccc-ccccc-= +++bullbull++++bull++bull+ + +

i ~ LL -i -Lbull U lL l_ LI LI J 1 i _middot J middot U J I o c -- c =1 r- c middot gt o cmiddot cmiddot middot- -- -= ccrcccc r_-_c-l ~c- --0 ( = 0 -- C) _ gt - 0 _ _ r_ ~ - - -

C f C f C r C l f C U ~ Jbull ~ C If ro--~N~~~7~~~~~~~~~

C

l

gt w J

U _ i ~ LI II i LL LU~ IIbull U I __ WU C C bull 0- IJmiddot 1 0 - C C = - If ( ~ f C - t C CX ~ - ~ f - r-- l C ( r- ~ 0 o~~~~D-O~D~-r~~oshyc~--N~~~=occN~poundKCN~~ o~pound~cN~Go~~~r~~ooshy

I I C z

bull bull bull bull bull I bull bull bull~-N~~~~o--------NN

j

I c J a _ shy

JC r I - u

u I

ltC 0 C

I

C -

C -

V) a Q

C-79

~ 0 L ) c r- - ~ - - 7 -C t--- C

- r- C C f (-- _ C J J r- - f ~

--- f IJmiddot r- _ r-- j

- rr 0 ~ ~

lt _ -_ C C (

-middot L J -I ----r-c

_ C V _ t-r -bullbull -- - J - lt 7

middot i --middot r C r r- -- rr -- middot (

- r- -

lf f -J c

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iL ~-Ju ~~~~~~w~~~~~~w~~~~~~0 ~lLffI a 0Ncc-c-~N~N-~r-~~~-shyCl) _( ( i c~~EE~~c-0v~~~~~arr~r r-- -1- lfI ~-~~ro-~~o-~~--~~P Cmiddot co~~~cc~~~c~~~~~-~c~

0- - =t D O~VN~~I~~c-0~-mc-N~1 ~ ~ c-

- t o~-N~-~f-OC~E~~------~ _

~

Q - u J - J

C c u 3 J Q

C-93

5 4 MYRUP RlNZIERI DIFFUSIVITY MODEL

When using the MyrupRanzieri Model (IDODIF = l) the

user should take care that an inversion base and top are defined

everywhere in the grid That is the stability values go from

less than 45 at the surface to greater than 4J and then to less

than 45 again Otherwise the model may calculate large vertical

diffusivities (limited to 1000 m2 sec) even under stable conditions

when DZmiddotNZ is greater than 500 to 1000 meters The advection

diffusion time step will be limited in these circumstances to 2approximately At= 00008 (DZ) if DZ is equal to 100 meters

then At equal 8 seconds A time step of 8 seconds requires 450

advectiondiffusion cycles per hour which will result in long

run times for multiple-species multiple-hour simulations

C-63

5 5 LOCATION OF PODlT A1D REA SOURCES

Due to the boundary conditions specified for the second

order advectiondiffusion algorithm placing point or area sources

in cells at the edge of the cornputationnJ domain will result in an

over predictibn of pollutant concentrations The user should take

care that all point and area sources are at least one cell removed

from the boundary

i---------r-middot------ -r------r--~ f ) I i 1 bull kbull -+----- -+----i--middotmiddot- middotmiddot--middot~middot-middot middotbull---i

----~+__ i -+-~--Avoid placing I i

sources in the ___________ -----~--l shaded cells _J

i l t L J j L bull l j

i I

C-64

6 0 EXAMPLE PR OBJ EM

A simplified exemplnry problem designed to demonstrate

several of the features and options avnilable in the IMPACT code

is described below Section 61 illustrates the input file and

section 62 is the program output

The problem illustrated below is a grid of dimensions

NX =NY= 9 NZ= 7 DX= 750 DY= 500 DZ= 100 The shaded

area indicates the non-zero terrain (height= 1000 feet) Five

surface roughness data are specified (Z 0 ) although they arc not

required since IDODIF = 3 (DEPICT diffusivity)

9

8

7

t 6 J 5

4

3

z z

2

1 ~_________________z__

s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I~

The problem is to be run for 2 hours with wind and stabilitybull

data specified (wind at w stability at s) each hour Sulfate chem-

istry is selected (IDOCEM = 3) and there is sirnulati~n of both a

point source P with a user-specified 6h and emission equal to

10 gsec tracer 500 gsec S02 and no SO~ and an area source

indicated by the cross hatched area with emissions per grid cell

equal to 2 gsec tracer and 270 gsec S02 Background concentrashy

tions (B) are set to 00 for all levels and all species The wind

direction remains constant at 270deg for both hours while the wind

speed changes from 30 msec to J 5 msec The stability profile

is unstable to neutral to st1ble the first hour changing to comshy

pletely stable the second hour

C-65

hJ EXAMPLE 110BLEM INPUT FILE

0 z w

II C

C(f)

zc __o_ a

liJ 7 NC C C w fl

J a coo

C

C z

CN 7 rrN

Q bullUHCCO

u - u-gt -~ C lt --- cv

ifI 10 O C 0 0 --CO C

LJ Ii -gt C 0 )- o-- -- 1- - U II

rmiddot Z C 0 cmiddot -C C -0OJrOClt 0 1 0 CC

o= __ l_l lt C C I bull bull

- -- 0 o) 0 I 0 middott ll bull - CO o

J t-)O O C 0

oouu---_ t J bullbullbull

t bullw-ccoc-o ex c-ouu

C 00 D lf 00 r

-Dgt- cooii -- 0 Co-- II U

(bull Cl J--Ln Z _I

r--- 3 0 O C 0 (J 00 0 _ 0 UCO 0 gtlt C c C

o-- C

-0--0-V--Nlf bullNshy bull tfI bull tI t-1 bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ bull -O N c O 00000000 o -D 0r z _ 0 r-- (J- (J (Jo a

t-~t- ----~bull--fl--0- 0-1f-V middot-shy bull-ru bull-tJ bull-- - uI U) -0 a N 0 oc000000ltgtOD

C-66

--------------------u2 EXJMPLE PROBLEM OUTPUT

II N II

ltC r

c-

C

C

C

II 11

r gt C C 0

-

QC

er

0

II gtlt 2

~ C

L 0 Q - 0

C C

Q C

1 C

II

II

C 0 r

)- c

0 C C

v r r II O II

t- z c 0 -~-=-

- J 0 l tr -11 1-C-_O Ogtlt 1--cc lgtO -gt-shy _

C-67

lt 2

L LL lf - x L c C -lti 1- C I - ~ v Ci lti ~ ltt - c _ l --_ X

Z ~ if ltI~ i z

_ _ -- J

bullbull u

_ 1 lt t 1 l J-

laquo

L _ 0

C

laquo 1lt -

C-68

bull bull

---------

bullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull

middotbullbullbull~

bull ltsTUL STAlf flf llfF ~YSTfM bullbull bullbullbull-~~+middot

fPA(T T t S l P fJ n fi I f ~

GRTD r-P 1-1 I Jmiddot

TfFhf A~t q (rlLS Jos Ill~~ T-1f_[TJlN ~11H IJfllA ~ If 75(1iM YftllllC A TIIHl fXTlNT tlF t750 bull (IM

l 1~1gt gtlt[ (ti LS j lHF y LTllf[l fl)N ~tlH ~ ntL TA y nv con~M qEL(JNG h TtTAt FJltT[Jl rt ~ltOn o- THJ ~f M~~ 011S rrr 1r I gtfffllr- A nrll Z llf n (I bull n Y t I rlT 11 A T 1T~ I r X T f I I l bull 7on o]

GP Ill 10 I H1 AT l 1

() I

Q ( b7~nn 4~UOP 7ro n)

0 lbulltbullbullmiddotmiddotbullbull~Ajl~A~AAAI~

bull bull

kbullbullbullbull~A~ diams

bullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbulltbullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

+I bull bullbull

J~~bullbullbull~~middotmiddot~bullbullbullAAA~A+~ttbull~ diams

1)1 o~ 011) +~

bullbull bull- bull -

- ()

c

CL C

(

r r

cshy u -shyC er

C

u lt o~ z

- 0

ex _ f

lt 1

U gtshyc

()

0

C _ C

-shyi

u shyZI () )

I C I I

ltI ltgt I wl CL I

c

w r

u

w r

I 0 0

u C_ I JJ- Z I

I u er I

I 0 ~ I

I - - I I c a U I

C u _ ()

w C w a

C-70

CCC

C _

-- IJJ

~ C lt w 0

a a 4J co

4- gt w gtgtlt C Cl er

QC= L1J

z - l V V

CC C C C c

C cmiddot

u w

~t N

oc - C C

C

X lt lt Cbull C T z z CC 0

~- V CC C W~2 -- co a-

u ltl gt gt -t I lt lt a -- a

l -_

en v a _ _ -z _ c C

lo- bullbullbull -- CC

=-

a w u

l t l w

lI

l

wli6J W ~ za - -o Q 0 = 0 0

lt C

= 0 gtO-gt

_ - - - C N bull bull bull bull bull

C O Co-

n lt(

w I V a I w

I I I w z r

--o-- gt-J

r I JJ () of I J

ltl er I

a ----a-o-11 0 u

z _ 0

0 z

w w

I-

C-71

C C

II

-middot lt gt

i

C

C ~ bull bull laquo bull laquo laquo ~ ~ ~ bull ~ laquo ~ ~ C C ~ = C C C ~ ~ laquocccc---cclaquoc bullCCCCCCCCC-t laquo C bull- bull bull_ -middot ~ C lt- ltmiddot - r 11cccccrccclaquo bull---c __ _u laquoCCC CCCtrt fl_= -c-=-laquo laquo C C C _~ C laquo _ laquoccc ccclaquolt bullccc c-ltcbullgt bull C C C C C C laquo laquoccotcc-middotc~ bull cc- -0( C C

ccci C C C C c C C laquo r

- - CC- C ~ laquo -rc-ccc--=rbullx laquocccoc-c ~ fl ii laquo 1 bull +

-----~~~~~~~n~nnn~~c~=~~=acoo~~==~~~=~shy++++ +- +1- + -++ diams lt1- + I ibull Jbull L J -~ I ~ ~- gt_

I - C) C ( - f r n (J r r - r r T --shy

o cc c - - ~~ca c ~ ~ ~ ~ = ~ ~ ~ J 0 I -C C r ( =- - lt ( X - r a r - c

]

-f

_ c

C C C

c C C

bull C C

-=- -

(Jt-0-~c---~ ~ r- ~ - lt~c~-cn-~~~r-n~r~rc

- tt middot- c r- c--

a J I I I I I I I I bullbull I I t I I I I r _ t cc-_ cc-==

~------~NNN~~~~~~~~~ CCCCCCCltCCC CO - - CC +++-+++bull-+

i Imiddot_ II u -_WII _i_bull L i i _ - 1 1 ubull Ubull l_

C LL C

cc --c-- ~ ~ c

o~~~~o~-~~~~~~~~~~~~ C

u r

ccocc---r--CCta middottc--r- crmN-O~~c~-r~~-~~~~ncNr~~~mo-~~-~T~~~cr~~shy

C C c

c f C f 0 C bull ~~ rJ ~ lJI C i_ - __ f - X C tC CCC CCC CC

C - r J 0 T-- Cl ~_ - -- - - - _ J n rJ J 1J II

r O LL

c u a C lt( Cgt

a - 0-0--ctrlI-

0 - a

O w

J gt i

U U II 11 11 11 II Ii II 11__JJ----

C-72

~ C ~ C C O C C lt r

LfrCCCllCmiddotC C

ltC 1C-CCrllOOC er a uJ llcccccoco-

c rvoooooocicc - N

-ccccooocc

tr0t---DIJlfrllfJ-5 )

11 II II It ll ti N It II II w ) _-- u

C-73

C I

C

C

C

- 0 CC yen C C lt- -9 c

r_ r

I -yen I u- r_ yen

ii ~ Ui I diams h it - ( c cu bull Cc tc bullr c cc Jt fl - c- 0 0- 0- middotshy lt bull tr c X r lf bullgt

-f -c ~ pound j bull f tr bull i

-tt-middotbull - er bull I - ~

laquo ( r

- - - -middot - -middot - - - - - - - - - -- _ -middot ~ C -cltcmiddotc_-~c

I I I I I t I I I i I I I I I I 1 I +

-i I u J ] J LI 1- J _ _ middot _ - - _ -

lt r imiddot - _ i- r ~- c lt cmiddot - -- - c - ~

- lt c cmiddot o ltmiddot ~ -- - --_middot lt -_- ~ -- - - - ~ -=-c~CCO -cc -cmiddotc-shymiddotf f =- r c 1 0 u ~r -- r - _ -

-middot I- I C rr C I I-- - C C J C middot ~ rbull I -C - U I J r f ~ I -

I - I c I _ I J

I - 1middot I i I I I I I I I J I I I f I I I I I I

- Ir ) iJ

_- I _ I cc-ccc-cc=c-c -cr- I I I 1 I I t I I ~ l I I I I I I t I I I I I -y I

I Jbull L _ I 1 bull 1 1 __ _ _ 1 _ v 1 Ia u I I

bull I =- t C = lt 7 C - bull C bull (bull lt C 0 C _ C I v- _ I C - (middot - C r r C C C _- C r-_ C ( - C lt 1middot C lt -~ I middot= c Cmiddot ~ - - = -r - r i _ J cmiddot I ~ I C f _middot J C- J [ f ( If middotmiddot f = f C J _ C

) I r - r J _ - C cf 0- 1 -- -middot f - I

CO I II I

- I

C I I - I I I - - -~ I tJ rll II bullJ -

Clt I UIO I I L I r - I

U I u -- I l I 0- I I - I

Clt I er I I U II II 11 11 11 II 11 11 11~

u I - ) ~ 1 ) -gt ~ ) - -

gt bull rr bullbull bull z bull _ _ bull V) bull laquo

z - l bull

-

bullf

C

-_ middot - --~ _

V

L

lt

r middot [ _

lt - r - I ( - J c-

- bullr

_ middot

C-75

r

-

1

bull bull

bull laquo

V

T C

-

er

J

V

-- lC

r

CL C

Le C

-

~ C 7 Cbull

laquo w

z LL C Cle

~ u laquo Q

gt ltI laquo laquo laquo

bull laquobulllaquobull laquo

laquo

laquo

7

C r

J C

X u lt(

CC- C

CC-

V) - 0 r J

-w

r

z -

l -

JN

z -

C

z

z

L

u ltXl

t

-_ c C = -- - ltf - C r_

CCC C CC

-iccc_cc C-

ltGCCCCCC

z -

lt i - l i J ~ J ~ - ~ a

- =-middot + - + ~ J w C _- C 0

Q C- C C C 0 lt( c=cc0 0 - C C c lt

-gt oc o-=

0 _J 11 11 11 U It l 0 w V

- ~ w i I-- (t Ct

lt - ) tr ~ (l ~

~ltV) VJ J I O - u J -d I l r ~- CC f l1 U D U f C I_ Z

-11 -w--~ I O UZ Z

2 i -1 u ~ 11--0 J er tr ashy~ i 1 i ~v- ltt q

C-76

I

_

gt C

bull C I I - II _

l -L -

+ bull

II

JJ

V II J bull -

Cmiddot = - bull I _shy

Ibull x 1

l r II

0- C 11 middot-bullbull lt C

r C

C _Jc II

- + J1-L gt bull-1---

~ G ~ --

bull C C r- I

LL C If

t IIlaquo~__-t

(1 + bull - r C fl

lt u lu Urbull

C

c

I

_ r- C a V c cmiddot cbull + + +

~ I W i_ ~~1 I

ui -l IO gt-middot -U r---

Ct --

o C C C

- _J ~ f lt r -l- bull w

V

r C

z I

~ middot ~ 1 J bull ~

u I II

gtlt I I _J

Le I bull~

tf

~

--_middot)

II

i

l

~ I j_jLl Ct - I CtmiddotC i ct I J

I f U _ ) I=gt 7-

shy u omiddot

gt 0

J r - i Igtlt X - I-~ Ll - C- I _ L IX J er 1) C C t I 1 C ~ Li

o J h bull

lt i_

Ll Ilt w I~

I l Un c I Z I

I

-0

2 -= J J 0

shy

al I Jr I 0 n

C-77

SURFACF PLnr OF IJ Vf1_0CyiY____ ______ __ C[1 cf n U9 I f Vr L ~

PLOT (HAP TltT[iVAL

n nooon0Fbullno - l7[bullJSbullj

JJ4JltJF-Oj - l21F-11 3ug_3l=-n1 - ~ ~ 1- i- - ~

5 bull I IJ S F - 0 l - h A~gt~ l ~i_ r 1 2 h bull gt- h 7 c - 1) l - 11 gt 1 oltJ le -

gtllt7ol3E-1 - 1 bull n 2 fllt 1middot + n n 3 t oct1S1+f)O - l I qQ93f + 1 (

1 rqg1-_+00 - t~~i-bullv 4 t3713~+01) - l bull S 1J 2 7 l t ~

14(7H+n0 - I bull 7 t 1J I u f +-1 C 5 I bull l I lC + 0 0 - 11likle bull0bull1

llH1[F 00 - c0ltJl)l bull00 b 2nSlnF+0) - bull fl jll [ bull ~ 0

2 i 1 tl IJI t middot) - t ~l9fh +( 0 7 bull S-i1 -~ + ( U - bull t T I Hi_ -+ ~ 1

lHF+Ol - bull 7 J f +- shy

I z 74270 qo - bull I) I IJ t t + J 2 bull q l ltl 1 F + 0 11 - 3H5-1lt hllt

q 3-uHSuE n1 - 3)thncr ~rr

$2-ln45F_l1 - ~1H~- rri() I

--J OJ

SURFACF PLC flF V VELbulll~ll

(IJll1l IJVLLS

PLOT CHA9 1 1 [ lt J Al

0 -~ll[t77f-~I - -1-1 ~SoQf bullr I -6 13gtngtF-11 -s J ~ 1 1~ - bull) 1

I - bull I - 31 ~ ~ - 1 1 - bull 7 71 I bull r 1 -u717bull-~1 - t1 ntJ0 0sr -r

2 - u bull O1 u SF - r1 l - 11OP middot 7 t - 1) l -34~c1f-~1 - -27z1oh~F-11

3 - 2 bull 1 h F - 1 l - -nolt01F-1 - z 0 ltl F - I) - -1h3r-r1

Q -1 333-11 -k A 1~t~ -r -6tlgt2F-n bull gto()t~~i=-h

5 21101lt1zE-01gt - 1gtll17oPl-o u111 lnbullf-02 - 11middotqof-01

I l36YQ~middot-n1 - 2 0 0 lt I) H - l I 204gtn7-11 - 27gtn75f-nt

7 272b7F-)I - LJolltIIE-01 3401i3[-01 - O 0ltl0 I If - I

I lt1oqo11i-01 - U7771fbull0 471179-01 - 50107pound-01

q 5 bull 4 i 3 Q 7 F - l I - gtbullI 3c 1 lt[ bull11 I

Jlil1t-11tct-fbull-l1ti111t--

lt bull h~QC) 77 ooor7

bull flbull 77 0 nn 77 l~t10 r 7 7 bull RPQQ JIO middot~bullAtA~-~ttibullt~j v AX Imiddot V ~ L F I bull 1 II -r 7 F diams 0 C ~middot r 1-J r bullr i Ai_ I 1t ~ () 11 1 fl I (I- middotj bull

~~ ~bull~bulltbull bullltltltlt~ bull lti ltlt

5S)Ch(CC J Ii

- rlc

bull i lt - lt gt 4 ~ 1111 5i ltClti

LI 0 0 lt)tlltl)C-lt

bull lt-iS ltltltlt bull scsijcc) bull ~ i cltc bullltlt

bull-tbulli11bullw11Jr+ ~ bullbull 1~t111

~Xlllll_VAltgtf 1lltnHgtF-01 middot 1 ( r ~ t 1~ v A - bull c =- n A 1 1 r - (1 1

C C

C C

J

shy i

C

+ u Le C C

~ + laquo laquo ~ laquo ~ ~ bull -k ~ C laquo C C ( C C C C C -k C _ C - C C C yen C fl( C C C lt- C C ( ( o1ot

+cc-cr--c __ -cc-cccc~middotcc fl CO 1middot C C _CC C C C C- 4ic ~ bull cmiddot CCC_ -1 CC c ( c cmiddot bull c~ =middot - Cc C tmiddot ltI

~ C C r -- ( C gt C c C ( 1(CClt CCCC rcc~ ccc

bull laquo laquo bull

tc O J C 0

CCC

( -C r r C Cmiddot J J I J r v L r L

-L-=-

-fl

fl f( J

bull laquo II bull J bullmiddot lt bullbullgt

~-- C C bull- C c_ C C bull__gt-cmiddot--~c-c

41

r- 0 - 0-

C C C CC C- bull 7 C C

+ laquo C ~

C _- C -ti laquo

-1 ~ l

laquo bull

C laquo

O bull laquo

-= C - +

C lt

C r C c r r C 7 C C - C - _ middot + + +-++-+t-++

-

~ C - C- - _ - - - _ -middot - - - - -c --_ r_ middot 1 C _-- - C Cmiddot o C +++++ diams~ -t++-+++

- - -bull-w-~-~~~-~-~-w~~ r I -X - J ( ~ - l -L C 0 _ CC

C - c- - - - ~ Jbull Cu 1shy ~r =- r - t C _I r_ - - ~~ _bull

- ~ r C lfmiddot (

-- r--

t J C t-- a

~ cmiddot rmiddot -L- C r - t C ~ C

-~~~~~--r-~~cc~~~~~ poundA~~c~~c~~~~~cooc-shyc--~-=~~~nN~poundS~N~~o ~pound~C~~~c~~~VpoundKOC-N

(lJ n gt -

I I I t I f t I 8 I I I I I I I I I t r gt I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t I r

C C +

C C C + T

C -

C C ltbull ( -tbull

C ~ C + ~

c 4 +

C - C rmiddot + +

C ~

-4-

diams

r +

lt

-+

-C diams

- ~ C C-+ _

JJ C C - C - - -middot ccC(Clt ltccc-ccccc-= +++bullbull++++bull++bull+ + +

i ~ LL -i -Lbull U lL l_ LI LI J 1 i _middot J middot U J I o c -- c =1 r- c middot gt o cmiddot cmiddot middot- -- -= ccrcccc r_-_c-l ~c- --0 ( = 0 -- C) _ gt - 0 _ _ r_ ~ - - -

C f C f C r C l f C U ~ Jbull ~ C If ro--~N~~~7~~~~~~~~~

C

l

gt w J

U _ i ~ LI II i LL LU~ IIbull U I __ WU C C bull 0- IJmiddot 1 0 - C C = - If ( ~ f C - t C CX ~ - ~ f - r-- l C ( r- ~ 0 o~~~~D-O~D~-r~~oshyc~--N~~~=occN~poundKCN~~ o~pound~cN~Go~~~r~~ooshy

I I C z

bull bull bull bull bull I bull bull bull~-N~~~~o--------NN

j

I c J a _ shy

JC r I - u

u I

ltC 0 C

I

C -

C -

V) a Q

C-79

~ 0 L ) c r- - ~ - - 7 -C t--- C

- r- C C f (-- _ C J J r- - f ~

--- f IJmiddot r- _ r-- j

- rr 0 ~ ~

lt _ -_ C C (

-middot L J -I ----r-c

_ C V _ t-r -bullbull -- - J - lt 7

middot i --middot r C r r- -- rr -- middot (

- r- -

lf f -J c

c-r---r- - -f --

- I deg pound i Cf_bull~ C-LflcC c--_-- - l

i I I I I I I I I l I I I I I I f I

I ~ I C J I I_ C - C C middot~

I 2 + -I + + -+ + C I- u i L l_ u li -- J i u II LI J u _ _j

)

~

I ~bull _ bully

C - ltJ C c- C C lt -middot C ( cc--__ cv Jrr--for--r1__ __ ~shyc _ C - - - r _ t ~- rJ gt - C - Cf- C middot _

- r- r f (_ ( 7J r

f f r r - r- - - 1 f ~ -c 0-

~- J --t lt middot1

~middot r-- middot-J pound i - Iibull

I ~ I

I ~-

u r u u lt( r-- I (J u er c J J 0 0

C-80

~

Cfi~C~~T~l1 A7 trbullr- Y t l i I fJ S ~FT t_ ~ S f 1 1 ~ i 1r S 1 middotmiddotmiddot I T

=-----=-----==-~=~=~=~~===~=~========-~========----------

SURFACE PLflT UF TRACf llGh3

--------------------------------CJgtlTllJR LEVEiS

PLOT CHAR il~lvAL

-~~~middotmiddot~middot~bull~ 0 oun900Fbull00 1 lt~Ai2f +bullJ() bull tgt 0v nun 0 n 00 onon bullJ 1 nbull

1s1111r2Eoo - bull 1 ]l)IJ(+)~ bull000oonnnon0nonononbull 3171in11E+no - 11 701JoiE+10 01001111 ci7b405f+00 - 13ltgt07F+bulldeg On I 1 11 bull

2 h3517F tn - 791J1nOf-+)) OOQQlt I 3 bull 7 ~ (J ~l ( Cj f i ) l) - 9 ltgtAi IE bull on I I 1 1 bull

q bull ~2M l t F-1 n - l bull 1 l 1 1 t + l 1 bullon11 1 l t i111fqF+n( - 17041Etn1 O ~ltbull or n on0 on O() n n n nnbull

II

c

1 2 7 0 11 l + I I 1112lt122r+o1 1AlnzF+n I

---

I lZf +J 1 t ~HP r2E 1 17bull1lfbull1l

bullononnnnonp00nnon~bull bullmiddotbull~bullmiddot~~j bullA v r 11 ~ v 1_ l F = bull 1 7 t n-~ r -t- I 1 1 l L 11 =- 1 (bull=Ibull ll diams l

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Q - u J - J

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C-93

5 5 LOCATION OF PODlT A1D REA SOURCES

Due to the boundary conditions specified for the second

order advectiondiffusion algorithm placing point or area sources

in cells at the edge of the cornputationnJ domain will result in an

over predictibn of pollutant concentrations The user should take

care that all point and area sources are at least one cell removed

from the boundary

i---------r-middot------ -r------r--~ f ) I i 1 bull kbull -+----- -+----i--middotmiddot- middotmiddot--middot~middot-middot middotbull---i

----~+__ i -+-~--Avoid placing I i

sources in the ___________ -----~--l shaded cells _J

i l t L J j L bull l j

i I

C-64

6 0 EXAMPLE PR OBJ EM

A simplified exemplnry problem designed to demonstrate

several of the features and options avnilable in the IMPACT code

is described below Section 61 illustrates the input file and

section 62 is the program output

The problem illustrated below is a grid of dimensions

NX =NY= 9 NZ= 7 DX= 750 DY= 500 DZ= 100 The shaded

area indicates the non-zero terrain (height= 1000 feet) Five

surface roughness data are specified (Z 0 ) although they arc not

required since IDODIF = 3 (DEPICT diffusivity)

9

8

7

t 6 J 5

4

3

z z

2

1 ~_________________z__

s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I~

The problem is to be run for 2 hours with wind and stabilitybull

data specified (wind at w stability at s) each hour Sulfate chem-

istry is selected (IDOCEM = 3) and there is sirnulati~n of both a

point source P with a user-specified 6h and emission equal to

10 gsec tracer 500 gsec S02 and no SO~ and an area source

indicated by the cross hatched area with emissions per grid cell

equal to 2 gsec tracer and 270 gsec S02 Background concentrashy

tions (B) are set to 00 for all levels and all species The wind

direction remains constant at 270deg for both hours while the wind

speed changes from 30 msec to J 5 msec The stability profile

is unstable to neutral to st1ble the first hour changing to comshy

pletely stable the second hour

C-65

hJ EXAMPLE 110BLEM INPUT FILE

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C-66

--------------------u2 EXJMPLE PROBLEM OUTPUT

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PLOT (HAP TltT[iVAL

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~ bull--il1~-i1_bullc - )middotV- L)-ltr1r- t ~ middot - middot1 L ttbull) II -J - ) II - 1-- C )- h bull 1 ) l - J bull - l - )V-J-gtL~f-_bullt ) lbull - 1-- IL Itbull O - ~ ( - 1 lt~ If- bull t1

l middot 1 lt f I --i bull r bull v- JL~tbullt l middotbull-l~LlaquoLcn - ~ 1 - 1 1 i I bull 1i

112 - V t ~Lt) - S - i l rt li- r bull t 9 ) _ 1 i h i- bull t -~-~H-1middot~ N l i - (~ l L ~ bull ~ - ~ V - r b ~ (bull bull ~ co l middot - _- r 1 r JU i - i~-~(bullnl1lbulllt I zmiddotJ-~~cLmiddotc - H-middotderrbull2 u 2 ~ - - i middott 11 2 - 1----~1-1middot

~

t - -r) r1 I bull ( - pound 1~~middotbull I1 ~

t _ I t1lt1

) tJ bull 1 - 1 v- cr1lt~bull 1 ) 1_ 1C t-- L - bull - L - Jr r- 1 gt bull i lt ~ - i I I lt lt bull l bull llVbull_~-r~lbullt 1-V-lS1 I t - fl~bull-~h11 II t I tmiddotIJ- -itmiddotcbullJ 1 bull 11 - 1 V - J f ti 17 ~ fbull bull I bull -~ 1middot gt1 V bull ~ - L t_Ctt i) ~

l 11 t ~ 1 ~ t 1H) 1lbullld

S middot1 cit 31 t-(LlPJ

wdd tgtas 1middot 11Jmiddot1 _J1 ms

t bull-ift1ttW~bull(_ - lv-1c~~l l bulli L _-~2tbull11L ~ bulli - l l~-jl hf-gt~gtmiddot ld--l[()cSVt~ - l v-_f-r1 bull I l d- J~ J tbullb I - I v-_hU l i bull I

0

---------------------------------

---------------------------------

~

SURFa(r microcpiT nc VfLlCfi

MULTTPLIF~= 1naoac~-01

I J ) b F- 4 ~ J j -= ~ r- ) r r 3 - 3 J = ~(bull 30 l 3 n ~ J= 1c 3r 2 -J 3 1 ) r iimiddot~ - 1 bull

J 6 30 9 2J 3u ~_i _1 I b f

J 5 JJ 2gt u Ibull~ ) c 20 Jc ~ 30 29 2J ) 11 311 )) ) I) Q ~

J= 3 3 31) 11 3middot_ - ~ 1 - J 2 3 30 3- ) 1 ) 3 (t 3 ~ SI ~ [I

J 3~ 30 gt - 3 r1 -S _bull 3 r n

SURFACF PR I -IT fJ- V 1bullmiddotL 1r middot f

MUL1fJLJr-l bull 1U n 0 rir - tl 2

1= ~ h fn I J 10 0 C

oi J 9 I 4 I 0 bull) - - n_w J= fl I J I b 0 -3-1 3 bull l J 7 l P oH n r 0-CP -t- - l J= 0 l 3 I 0 -~-1 1 - J ~ bullbull l 3 0

J= l -

0

1 __j -l

- ~

l l C 1- -

J 3 bull l -~- l t- -2 0 3 l i 3 J - 1 - bulll -1 n 1 J I 0 - l - - I u

SURF~Cf PR T gt T lF- STPllTY

f-ULTIPLTFR 10bull0nDFbull(Imiddot

I I 2 3 u 5 6 I P 9 J I O 20 20 20 20 20 C D Q

J 8 O 20 c 0 middoto 20 ( 20 C J 7 O 20 0 cO P 21l 20 zn J 20 O 20 30 o 3~ J 20 ) J 5 20 C 20 30 30 30 2C 20 bull) J 4 20 20 20 30 a 3) 20 20 20 J 3 20 20 gtQ 20 O 20 20 20 20

- rr -- ~ -

I (- (_ f (_ r_ - _ I

T bullbull J ( I = r t - t ~ - gt

I I

n - ( f - - t rv

I J ~ - I- )

(11r--bull--rI(

- I ~

- tJ _ -- middot _J -~ J bull

~

I

J~rcilt--

(_bull I -- - r1 deg ~ I

- I

7] - 7 -((_ f - - - I r_ f_

I I -c = middot -

I _ r ~ I r(J lJ ----rJfbullt

- bull I I 7 1 ~I bull gt _ J 1

I _ ( bull ( - iI_ - ~bull - r- I lJ I

- I r

--- (_bullrl

I_ J f

rJ

~

I

l=-Jrlbullrr_r~11- tJ-1 rlJ -I lJ (J(J ~

r- 1 bull _ J -I rj _bull I --- _ middotr 1 r-1 J l J t

C f - bull~middot ( deg - r f l I t ( I _ (bull I ( -

4 (_ I 0 I C 0- 0 c ll J r- f -middotbull

4 I 0 I _J

H l II II H II ll U I II 11 11 fl II II 11 11 11 U 11 - ) - J -) _)

V) pound ~ --------

Cmiddotmiddot 8t

II - II

lt II II

middot-middot ll C II

- II 0 H lt II - I (I ii

II Ct II ~bull) 11 - II -- II

lt II II

(f It -c Ii

Ii

~ II Ii

II II

~ 11 r 11

~ II

I I I =- 10 Cgt - C

I I

~ I I CC-ttl-CC I 0 C OfOC

~ I I I -~ II II

II

Lt Jl iJ II L 11 c-

(_l II

~ I_ -middot I - I

I I

gt I_J lt I

ltt 0- I I I

C Cmiddot C

I I

E C I C I NI

O1) I

I I I

--- C _ - - - bullbull

J-c --~-c -

C C -~ - _ C C

I I I I

C I I

0 I

0 1)

I uJ C 0 0

-co~ __

~ c- 0 r---- 0

ll cO - C C 0

lL I- 0

0 -lCOtCflJCO L- 0

0

_ C 0 (J f1 ---N

tICCC-Jl-CC (J C ( C - 0 C C- NC C CON 7 z

II II II x

i _ o o o omiddot - middot o o o x -oo--gtegtoc~ 0 --- C C 000

LL c lt o-occIJi-ru-- 0- a r- 0 n -

c 4

-- C cc C) V LL er

J ~ I

IIUIIIIIIUUUIIII )- gt

-_ X

U II II II JI II II II ti II _

LL 0

-J gt

II II II II II II- -

C-85

--

C c C C

11 II II ti --

C-86

bull (r

bull w

C

l

- I --

C tttr

I I I -

lt

I Ibull

lt -

~ I I

lt I - - IC-

I

I I i I I I

~- I S I_

- I - I

I I I _ _

I I I t l

I I I I I bull -bull

I ~-~ I

lt C

C-87

I

C C

u

C

(__

lt _ II

C C r middotU C

l r-- gt

1 ~ C C

- bull I ~ IJJ

~ -L Cf

T II -

lt Ibull bullbullL gt -_ - 0- 0

c----- ~ ~

3 -lIJ bull C

- C ct bull u If

umiddot _ r-c ~ + bull

(_ I D--

~1 ~ II

1 C --- I I r-shyv gt-

r I bull 0

-(

Wlf gt-(

_ ~- -shyc _ ~ + + +

7 Lr gt-_ middotshyc~ - CY -- I -) bull II J

-c I

r -__

_i ~ l_I w shy u bull 1 ~middot r I 0 t c C -middot ~r-- ltl I

-middot 1 - I I lt( I

I II 11 LI X I

r

- -- C

~v --- u c--- ~ - I-=middotltn~Lu U Ct r Libull

CJ 7 0

u w gt

) _ ~ J I middot7

lt J li1

-middot U I

0 lt(

4 I - C ) 8gt-- I X x -

n- 1 - L

- gt -middot _i u -lt J er

- I - shy--- I v I

shyz lt C Lfbull

lt I J -middot X i I U middoti ~

u -u1 lJ - uo

I I

- 0

7 I 0 2 IL - J N 0 I z I l 01 01 0 a I 3 Q I 0

C-88

C C

I

C

C D

C

I II_ It

u

r

7

C C diams I

LL _

-c laquo --- J J

l ~ -- J l ir lf r- W 1r

laquo r--

r_ (

C bull laquo laquo bull bull laquo laquo ~ ~

bull~- liIJ Jf C middot~bullJr JfJfJbullJ ~ J C -G bull r fbullI) Jbull C)

C C c C -D

laquo II

diams bull

f C t C NclI-CJ

t---

+ Cbull11

c C

~- O

c bull shy~ -pound bull

-

-

I_ J t-

Lr JI

u ti ~=-__ bull lt

O C 1 c gt _ Lr c-r- t r- J r bullI -f ~

~ L

V [ I- - -- bull --c r 0 -r bullI - bull ( J - Ct P- bull( r_ ~OI-_laquo= -icr~

r-Lfbullf

-r ~ ~ bull

r r j JJ v

~ bull laquo bull ~

laquo -bullgtlt lt laquo ~

laquo L-CltLJ_ laquo-laquoLrl(ampfJJLf 3JlttX t J J Ji of ~ r lt -laquo diams ~ laquo

- - -- c -= C C C C C C =- C _ C - C i C C - = C O lt bull~ C C C C llllll-++bull-1- bullbullbull++++ ~~~~~~~~-J~~~----~~-~ ~ j ( C l C C 0- ~ -- ( - -r - _

_ct r- C r J X - I r~ C J _ 3 --~ - middot-- ~ ~ - c- - ~ ~ - r-- ~ - z ~ - ~ ~ E ~ D~c-~c~-2CltY~~~~~==shyt l 0 C t1 t) CC C -- r Lf C --- 0- C - t ~ Lf

t bull bull bull bull bull bull I

--------~---------c=ccec~~~~~cc~~ccco I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t I ~w-~~w~-bull~~w~u~uw~~ X- - =Y _ - - _ c- C - a 7 - X l fJO- -C N f c ~ J c --r I- bullI -j U Igt () r- middotc ctbull 0-0 - -r r f- er CI- rmiddot -o- t-- J rr -o- - Lf 11-xtJifJr--- --rec ~fa c-iD C - - ~bull tl ~ J V - - t - C C - CC CO - D

- - - -- __ - ( ( (_ _ t ~~~if~~~-c~-N~a~if~~~ J J f I I I I I I I I

lt

J

V

gt I I I I I I f I bull I I I I I I I I bull I I

o---~---o=oco~=c~oo~ c~~ccccoccccc~cccccc 4 flflllff-++4 diams +bull-t-flttT

L re )- w

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

- - - ---- - ( -- - -----ccccc~cc~ce~o=ceooo I I I I I I I I I E I I I I I I I I I

gt

IJ

1-J l J ~L LI _I I lamp bullL- ~ LL W LLI ~ U ~ JI lamp i

c~~~~c~~o~c~~a~N-Q~shyc CC -_ -t n t - r-1 c e -e - 1middot c -

gt gt 1 U Wu U _Wu LL U Li u Li 11 Uol w W middot li V- ___-cc(( x1-c~ruo-shy-r- f rJ - C C r X a r - J If ~ C r-- a C(

-shyr 0 - r-1 - - - J J ~ 3 - r f - J Jl N l c~-c-~c--a~~~~-=~~c o tJ v cc c middot o temiddot ~ - lJ tJi -D - o- c- - rv - bullbullbullbull t II bull bullbull f t bull t bull bull 0 I t t o

o-N~~-Or-~--------N~~~ -

C

r- C - Lf) r--- Cmiddot J _ - CJ- r-- fl I -o-- - C - -c J iO- - - 1 I C UIC Cc-o--N~~a~--N-co~com~

EE~~~~~N-~~-N~~S~Q~

_J C J

I I I I I I I I I I

0 u 0 u Cc u w l u ltI ~

N middot-r r pound) _ c 0-u lt

u 0 _ co c-

deg J

V a

C-89

C C

C

II ~

i

C C

-shy

bull

_

c r

I(

(

bull j( - c c r

C I

C

CC

rshy__ r-- c- lt gt

~

-

- _ trbull

-

r

lt

omiddot_ tr

I I I I i I

II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

rmiddot

-

L

I I I I I I I I

u

lt

-7 -middot

bull

J

C

-

_bullbull ~ LImiddot~-

=- -= - - = middot= - -middot C = C middot= C -- I C ~ -

t bullbullbullbullbull

I I I I I

middot ~ --- --= C ( _ C - C

J

r~

c C

I

-middot

I I I I 1 I I j yen

r

t

r

I

r

a

gt

~

--gt-

-

bull

lo L _ _ er

I I

I I

rI

r I I I

I I I I I _ IL I I I I

I I

t lt

_

__

Ct

I 1 I I + J

- f - _ f ( f -- ( -- ---- ) -- r - ~

- - r ~ c- --- --- - ( r _ - - middotr - -- ~ _ - lt __

- 1 -- - (_ -

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I J I

- -_ ( C

bull I I bull-- I - 1- - L L _ U J l L- J I I bullbull 1 ~-

7 -r -middot -middot - - w lt- -middot ~ 0 bullmiddot bull- r - r - - If - C -r- -r

- - f -middot -- -- _ - _Y _ rJ

--1oJ_ - f =~-C -~- _ 1 __ J ~ C - f - - -- -_ - f _

tr 0-

C-90

_

C

C

_

middotr 11 J Lr laquo C C

-~ ~ ~bull-i -l C ~ laquo r

laquo ~ r

f-

-l -

J

v f

bullshyx r

II

bull r

bull ~

bull laquo II bull u

laquo

[

C

bullL

C J

I I I

gt- I I

gt I I --- I t I tr

middotmiddot ~- I gt

I gt- I

I

t ) I -I

C- I _ I Q I Lmiddot _ I - I Cl I II

0 I I ltn I

I~

I I I I

I I I I I Ct

c_

-

J IL

middot- _ - middot- = middot C r - C t t c C ~ -- - - bull middot - -= -- -middot - lt=- - ~ I I I middotI middot+ middot+ bull + bull + + -+ + + + + _ -bull bull_ t i J bull- _ _ bull I L bull~ -middot bullmiddot bull t- ~ t C --- U _ - if - C r-- I J C -_ - r middoti - O r- middotJ middot _ - f J - J

~~---ltKr-~r-l~~c~~~~-- Imiddot - bullf J bull- ~ - r r - _ _ C C - I

- r v ~ f middot i -bull r I-- C - - L ( r _ f I bull bullbull I bull I I I I Ibull f I f I I

~1-lamp-----~~~~~~~~~

C I f t I I I I I I I I I I I I t I I I

lt ( r middot-= C ( cmiddot - r lt r- i- middot bull-bull

+ I I l + bull + + bull + + +- bull +- + -+ + + + 41 lJ JIJ -~ 1 t U _ U l -l bull l 1 Ubull bull~ cn~-ltr~r~-r~r~---~~ C - if -J middotbulln t ~ _ -middot middotJ r C J

_ _ I l t - J f O __ t- middot J r C C - _middotmiddot- bull - tr ~ _ bullmiddot - -- J _ ( C bull-f11f- ~I-- J ~ - J - - J (-

J II -ri

C-91

C

C

II

~ II II ll

laquo II _J II

II II C

V II I

~ II

middotc

II

~

lt II

C

C C bull C C

-4 C laquo rmiddot

-

bull1 II C _ C laquo

C laquo ll C II

II bull C C

C diams i -f

1 11 C ~ _

-= - ltl II C bull gt

ll V It laquo C C o

1-

H

bullcc laquo -~ C

umiddot bull cc-cbull~-- _- --

r II

- II

bullCC --r(CClt ---cmiddot--CS-=-shydiams laquo bull bull bullbull

+c-lt-ccccc-gtlt C cmiddot C ~- bull -ltl

fl bull 41 bull ill (

II II

--i

II II

_-------middotbull - - -1-bull

r i r- --

I i I I

___ __

I I I 1

-------middot----gt C C C

I I I I I I I I

ii II laquo

I I

middot- L l _ J

~ C ~ ~ ~ ~ = r -- Jbull r-- middotmiddot - [ - ( ~ c ~ _ middot rr - I _ - - J C

- r f -

----

~ ~-- ~bull ~ ~

r r f -- 5 - Jmiddot - r

- - ~r-r--

f ~ X f _ middotc ~ l ~ ~- =c ~ ~ ~ - middot C =r C C r- - - -

- _ ~ r a -- c ~ lf X ~- _ C - --= = r ~ -r

II bull I - s = r- f- ~ - -- - ( (1

middot- II II

I ---rrJJf

ltd II

- II __- II l1 _i

II ~ II

_

(I) JI~

~ - I

I

middot I

I

I I I I I t I I I I I t I

= C C _-+ + +

L L t J IJ t_ J 7-~-~i OrLhC --r_ -- - C L r J- _ -- T--t~-=--c 7--shyc-r- ( middot-- middotir -- w (

I ~

- -J

--c -

1 I 1 t r

r r _ _ - _ ( middot ( ~ --(_ - --

Ebull C I C N1 o

VJ I

c

I 6 t I I I I I t I I I bull I I

- - 7 cmiddot C C - - - C -+ I I l I t I I I I I f I I I I

- 1r middotbull _ ~~~~~middot~~~~ - _Jr_~ ~ If~ C- C 0 c - -middot - _ J middot - -~ t _ X if - C - -- _ l~-~=JJCshy -J r i middot J -- ~ v - O - J

I middot- I -- - ~ - - - I _

~ -I

I

) lt

~ I T

U I L _ _ II

C J

r I C -

I I

C-92

C

+

C

II

C C

ltIt bull laquo laquo laquo bull laquo ti laquo - - ( fr I I CClaquo laquo =- C-J I t tJ C C tl ~

bull ~-0 Lf-v- c laquocc J-ir olaquobull~c -c c-cclaquo _ r-- C =- claquo II bull C t 0- - - t C c - -= (bull O middotbull lt - tt C C 41 _ + C I (JClaquolt diams O C bull laquo C C laquo C LI LI C r --- r J ~yenlaquo~ccbullccccc ~bull- iC c~ ~- bull= - tmiddot = ~ C laquo -bull

~ g ~ ~r ~ ~ ~ laquo laquo laquo oil bull 1( bull ~~-~-------~-~~~~~~0 C 0 --cc- CC-middot-=

t r I I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I t I I I I uJ uJ -4J J - w -middot l- __ i J ~ 1bull L middot~ L r 0lt-C ~c~~c--~-~-~~~--c N - II I ~~r~~-zrr~-~-~~~c~~~ r c 1 - I C - t middot- J -C _ ~ C cmiddot - If - - C f _cf_ f I C ( ~ r c ~ c t-- c j - ~ c = - ( ~~c~cr-rr~-~c-~-~~~ I I t ~ =1 ~ I - - t rv- -- middotr t - ~ r

I _ I

I I E I bull t I I C I I t I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

ll I er 1 J pf ~ J tJ nJ J lt-CCC ll I coc-c--cc--cccctmiddotc-cc-ccc I I I I r bull I I t I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I

iL ~-Ju ~~~~~~w~~~~~~w~~~~~~0 ~lLffI a 0Ncc-c-~N~N-~r-~~~-shyCl) _( ( i c~~EE~~c-0v~~~~~arr~r r-- -1- lfI ~-~~ro-~~o-~~--~~P Cmiddot co~~~cc~~~c~~~~~-~c~

0- - =t D O~VN~~I~~c-0~-mc-N~1 ~ ~ c-

- t o~-N~-~f-OC~E~~------~ _

~

Q - u J - J

C c u 3 J Q

C-93

6 0 EXAMPLE PR OBJ EM

A simplified exemplnry problem designed to demonstrate

several of the features and options avnilable in the IMPACT code

is described below Section 61 illustrates the input file and

section 62 is the program output

The problem illustrated below is a grid of dimensions

NX =NY= 9 NZ= 7 DX= 750 DY= 500 DZ= 100 The shaded

area indicates the non-zero terrain (height= 1000 feet) Five

surface roughness data are specified (Z 0 ) although they arc not

required since IDODIF = 3 (DEPICT diffusivity)

9

8

7

t 6 J 5

4

3

z z

2

1 ~_________________z__

s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I~

The problem is to be run for 2 hours with wind and stabilitybull

data specified (wind at w stability at s) each hour Sulfate chem-

istry is selected (IDOCEM = 3) and there is sirnulati~n of both a

point source P with a user-specified 6h and emission equal to

10 gsec tracer 500 gsec S02 and no SO~ and an area source

indicated by the cross hatched area with emissions per grid cell

equal to 2 gsec tracer and 270 gsec S02 Background concentrashy

tions (B) are set to 00 for all levels and all species The wind

direction remains constant at 270deg for both hours while the wind

speed changes from 30 msec to J 5 msec The stability profile

is unstable to neutral to st1ble the first hour changing to comshy

pletely stable the second hour

C-65

hJ EXAMPLE 110BLEM INPUT FILE

0 z w

II C

C(f)

zc __o_ a

liJ 7 NC C C w fl

J a coo

C

C z

CN 7 rrN

Q bullUHCCO

u - u-gt -~ C lt --- cv

ifI 10 O C 0 0 --CO C

LJ Ii -gt C 0 )- o-- -- 1- - U II

rmiddot Z C 0 cmiddot -C C -0OJrOClt 0 1 0 CC

o= __ l_l lt C C I bull bull

- -- 0 o) 0 I 0 middott ll bull - CO o

J t-)O O C 0

oouu---_ t J bullbullbull

t bullw-ccoc-o ex c-ouu

C 00 D lf 00 r

-Dgt- cooii -- 0 Co-- II U

(bull Cl J--Ln Z _I

r--- 3 0 O C 0 (J 00 0 _ 0 UCO 0 gtlt C c C

o-- C

-0--0-V--Nlf bullNshy bull tfI bull tI t-1 bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ bull -O N c O 00000000 o -D 0r z _ 0 r-- (J- (J (Jo a

t-~t- ----~bull--fl--0- 0-1f-V middot-shy bull-ru bull-tJ bull-- - uI U) -0 a N 0 oc000000ltgtOD

C-66

--------------------u2 EXJMPLE PROBLEM OUTPUT

II N II

ltC r

c-

C

C

C

II 11

r gt C C 0

-

QC

er

0

II gtlt 2

~ C

L 0 Q - 0

C C

Q C

1 C

II

II

C 0 r

)- c

0 C C

v r r II O II

t- z c 0 -~-=-

- J 0 l tr -11 1-C-_O Ogtlt 1--cc lgtO -gt-shy _

C-67

lt 2

L LL lf - x L c C -lti 1- C I - ~ v Ci lti ~ ltt - c _ l --_ X

Z ~ if ltI~ i z

_ _ -- J

bullbull u

_ 1 lt t 1 l J-

laquo

L _ 0

C

laquo 1lt -

C-68

bull bull

---------

bullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull

middotbullbullbull~

bull ltsTUL STAlf flf llfF ~YSTfM bullbull bullbullbull-~~+middot

fPA(T T t S l P fJ n fi I f ~

GRTD r-P 1-1 I Jmiddot

TfFhf A~t q (rlLS Jos Ill~~ T-1f_[TJlN ~11H IJfllA ~ If 75(1iM YftllllC A TIIHl fXTlNT tlF t750 bull (IM

l 1~1gt gtlt[ (ti LS j lHF y LTllf[l fl)N ~tlH ~ ntL TA y nv con~M qEL(JNG h TtTAt FJltT[Jl rt ~ltOn o- THJ ~f M~~ 011S rrr 1r I gtfffllr- A nrll Z llf n (I bull n Y t I rlT 11 A T 1T~ I r X T f I I l bull 7on o]

GP Ill 10 I H1 AT l 1

() I

Q ( b7~nn 4~UOP 7ro n)

0 lbulltbullbullmiddotmiddotbullbull~Ajl~A~AAAI~

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