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NATURA MONTENEGRINA, Podgorica, 2014, 13(1) : 7- 280

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PARASITIC FLATWORMS (PLATYHELMINTHES: MONOGENEA, DIGENEA, CESTODA) OF FISHES FROM THE ADRIATIC SEA Branko M. RADUJKOVIĆ1* and Danijela ŠUNDIĆ1

1 University of Montenegro, Faculty of Sciences, George Washington Street bb, PoBox 5455 Podgorica, Montenegro.

* Corresponding author: [email protected]

Key words: Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda, fish hosts, Adriatic Sea.

SYNOPSIS This monograph of Adriatic flatworms was generated based on

all available published records, dating from the eighteenth, nineteenth and the twentieth century to the most recently issued ones (2014.), as well as the original published or unpublished data, derived from our research. It contains 330 nominal species, from 188 genera and 65 families. The most numerous parasites described are Digeneans – 160 species (97 genera, 29 families), then Monogeneans – 106 (52 genera, 21 families) and Cestodes – 64 (39 genera, 15 families). Twenty-nine species are new for the Adriatic Sea: 14 Monogeneans, 5 Digeneans and 10 Cestodes; one monogenean trematode is new for the Mediterranean Sea. Some recently reported flatworm species (28) were found in pisciculture facilities, however they correspond to the parasite fauna from the wild host. The number of bony fish hosts fauna parasitized is much higher (117 species), than cartilaginous (26).

Ključne riječi: Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda, riblji domaćini, Jadransko more.

SINOPSIS PARAZITSKI PLJOSNATI CRVI (PLATYHELMINTHES:

MONOGENEA, DIGENEA, CESTODA) RIBA JADRANSKOG MORA Ova monografija je nastala kompilacijom raspoloživih objavljenih

podataka iz radova iz osamnaestog, devetnaestog, dvadesetog, i prvih godina dvadesetprvog vijeka (do 2014. godine) i originalnih podataka, objavljenih i neobjavljenih, proisteklih iz sopstvenih istraživanja pljosnatih crva, parazita riba Jadranskog mora. On sadrži 330 validnih nominalnih vrsta, koje spadaju u 188 rodova i 65 familija. Najviše ovdje opisanih parazita je iz podklase Digenea – 160 vrsta (iz 97 rodova i 29 familija), zatim klase Monogenea – 106 vrsta (iz 52 roda i 21 familije), dok ih je iz klase Cestoda najmanje – 64 (iz 39 rodova i 15 familija). Dvadeset i devet vrsta je novo za Jadransko more: 14 monogenih trematoda, 5 digenih trematoda i 10 vrsta pantljičara (cestoda); jedna monogena trematoda je nova vrsta za Sredozemno more. Dvadeset i osam vrsta pljosnatih crva, utvrđenih u sistemima za uzgoj morskih riba u novije vrijeme, su isti oni koji na tim domaćinima žive i u slobodnoj sredini. Broj vrsta košljoriba, koje su domaćini pljosnatim crvima, je znatno veći (117) nego što je to slučaj sa rskavičavim ribama (26).

Natura Montenegr ina 13 (1 ) , 2014

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 14 MATERIAL AND METHODS ................................................................................................... 15 Geographical position of Adriatic Sea ............................................................................. 15 Host names .................................................................................................................... 17 Parasite names ............................................................................................................... 17 Synonyms ....................................................................................................................... 17 Geographical distribution ................................................................................................ 17 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................... 18 Phylum PLATYHELMINTHES Gegenbaur, 1859 ..................................................................... 18 Class MONOGENEA Carus, 1863 .......................................................................................... 18 Subclass MONOPISTHOCOTYLEA Odhner, 1912 ................................................................. 18 Order Capsalidea Lebedev, 1988 ........................................................................................... 18

Family Capsalidae Baird, 1853 ................................................................................... 18 Genus Ancyrocotyle Parona & Monticelli, 1903 ............................................. 18 Genus Benedenia Diesing, 1858 ................................................................... 18 Genus Capsala Bosc, 1811 ........................................................................... 19 Genus Encotyllabe Diesing, 1850 .................................................................. 20 Genus Tristoma Cuvier, 1817 ........................................................................ 20 Genus Trochopus Diesing, 1836 ................................................................... 20

Order Dactylogyridea Bychowsky, 1957 ................................................................................. 21 Family Amphibdellatidae Bychowsky, 1957 ................................................................ 21

Genus Amphibdella Chatin, 1874 .................................................................. 22 Genus Amphibdelloides Price, 1937 .............................................................. 22

Family Ancyrocephalidae Bychowsky & Nagibina, 1978 ............................................. 23 Genus Ligophorus Euzet & Suriano, 1977 ..................................................... 23 Genus Paradiplectanotrema Gerasev, Gayevskaya & Kovaleva, 1987 ........... 26

Family Diplectanidae Monticelli, 1903 ........................................................................ 26 Genus Diplectanum Diesing, 1858................................................................. 26 Genus Lamellodiscus Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 ............................................... 28 Genus Pseudorhabdosynochus Yamaguti, 1958 ............................................ 31 Genus Protolamellodiscus Oliver, 1969 ......................................................... 32

Family Fridericianellidae Gupta & Sachdeva, 1990 ..................................................... 32 Genus Calceostomella Palombi, 1943 ........................................................... 32 Family Tetraonchidae Bychowsky, 1937 ..................................................................... 33

Genus Ergenstrema Paperna, 1964............................................................... 33 Order Gyrodactylidea Bychowsky, 1937 ................................................................................. 33

Family Gyrodactylidae Cobbold, 1864 ........................................................................ 33 Genus Gyrodactylus Nordmann, 1832 ........................................................... 33

Family Udonellidae Taschenberg, 1879 ...................................................................... 35 Genus Udonella Johnston, 1835 .................................................................... 35

Order Monocotylidea Lebedev, 1988 ...................................................................................... 35 Family Monocotylidae Taschenberg, 1879 .................................................................. 35

Genus Calicotyle Diesing, 1850 ..................................................................... 35 Genus Dasybatotrema Price, 1936 ................................................................ 36 Genus Heterocotyle Scott, 1904 .................................................................... 36

Radujković & Šundić: P AR ASIT IC FLATWORMS (PLATYHELMINTHES: MONOGENEA . . .

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Genus Merizocotyle Cerfontaine, 1894 .......................................................... 36 Genus Monocotyle Taschenberg, 1878 ......................................................... 37

Subclass POLYOPISTHOCOTYLEA Odhner, 1912 ................................................................ 37 Order Diclybothriidea Bychowsky, 1957.................................................................................. 37

Family Hexabothriidae Price, 1942 ............................................................................. 37 Genus Erpocotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 ............................................. 37 Genus Hexabothrium Nordmann, 1840 .......................................................... 37 Genus Rajonchocotyle Cerfontaine, 1899 ...................................................... 38

Order Mazocraeidea Bychowsky, 1957 ................................................................................... 39 Family Allodiscocotylidae Tripathi, 1959 ..................................................................... 39

Genus Vallisia Parona & Perugia, 1890 ......................................................... 39 Family Axinidae Unnithan, 1957 ................................................................................. 39

Genus Axine Abildgaard, 1794 ...................................................................... 39 Family Chauhaneidae Euzet & Trilles, 1960 ............................................................... 40

Genus Cotyloatlantica Bravo-Hollis, 1984 ...................................................... 40 Family Diclidophoridae Fuhrmann, 1928 .................................................................... 40

Genus Choricotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 ............................................ 40 Genus Diclidophora Diesing, 1850 ................................................................ 40 Genus Diclidophoropsis Gallien, 1937 ........................................................... 42

Family Discocotylidae Price, 1936 .............................................................................. 42 Genus Anthocotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 ........................................... 42

Family Gastrocotylidae Price, 1943 ............................................................................ 42 Genus Gastrocotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 ......................................... 42 Genus Pseudaxine Parona & Perugia, 1890 .................................................. 43

Family Heteraxinidae Unnithan, 1957 ......................................................................... 43 Genus Heteraxine Yamaguti, 1938 ................................................................ 43

Family Hexostomatidae Price, 1936 ........................................................................... 43 Genus Hexostoma Rafinesque, 1815 ............................................................ 43

Family Mazocraeidae Price, 1936 .............................................................................. 44 Genus Grubea Diesing, 1858 ........................................................................ 44 Genus Kuhnia Sproston, 1945 ....................................................................... 44 Genus Taurimazocraes Mamaev, 1982 ......................................................... 45

Family Microcotylidae Taschenberg, 1879 .................................................................. 45 Genus Aspinatrium Yamaguti, 1963 .............................................................. 45 Genus Atrispinum Maillard & Noisy, 1979 ...................................................... 46 Genus Bivagina Yamaguti, 1963 ................................................................... 47 Genus Metamicrocotyla Yamaguti, 1953........................................................ 47 Genus Microcotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 ........................................... 47 Genus Neobivagina Dillon & Hargis, 1965 ..................................................... 48 Genus Pagellicotyle Mamaev, 1984 ............................................................... 48 Genus Polylabris Euzet & Cauwet, 1967 ....................................................... 49 Genus Serranicotyle Maillard, Euzet & Silan, 1988 ........................................ 49 Genus Solostamenides Unnithan, 1971 ......................................................... 49 Genus Sparicotyle Mamaev, 1984 ................................................................. 50

Family Plectanocotylidae Monticelli, 1903 .................................................................. 50 Genus Plectanocotyle Diesing, 1850 ............................................................. 50

Class TREMATODA Rudolphi, 1808 ....................................................................................... 51 Subclass DIGENEA Carus, 1863 ........................................................................................... 51


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Order Diplostomida Olson, Cribb, Tkach, Bray & Littlewood, 2003 .......................................... 51 Superfamily Diplostomoidea Poirier, 1886 ............................................................................. 51

Family Strigeidae Raillet, 1919 ................................................................................... 51 Genus Ichthyocotylurus Odening, 1969 ......................................................... 51

Superfamily Schistosomatoidea Stiles & Hassall, 1898 .......................................................... 52 Family Aporocotylidae Odhner, 1912 .......................................................................... 52

Genus Cardicola Short, 1953 ........................................................................ 52 Order Plagiorchiida La Rue, 1957 ........................................................................................... 52 Superfamily Allocreadioidea Looss, 1902 .............................................................................. 52

Family Acanthocolpidae Lühe, 1906 ........................................................................... 52 Genus Lepidauchen Nicoll, 1913 ................................................................... 52 Genus Pleorchis Railliet, 1896 ...................................................................... 53 Genus Stephanostomum Looss, 1899 ........................................................... 53

Family Allocreadiidae Looss, 1902 ............................................................................. 55 Genus Crepidostomum Braun, 1900 .............................................................. 55

Family Opecoelidae Ozaki, 1925 ................................................................................ 56 Genus Allopodocotyle Pritchard, 1966 ........................................................... 56 Genus Bathycreadium Kabata, 1961 ............................................................. 57 Genus Cainocreadium Nicoll, 1909................................................................ 57 Genus Helicometra Odhner, 1902 ................................................................. 58 Genus Macvicaria Gibson & Bray, 1982 ........................................................ 59 Genus Opecoeloides Odhner, 1928 ............................................................... 62 Genus Pachycreadium Manter, 1954 ............................................................. 62 Genus Peracreadium Nicoll, 1909 ................................................................. 63 Genus Plagioporus Stafford, 1904 ................................................................. 64 Genus Podocotyle Dujardin, 1845 ................................................................. 64 Genus Poracanthium Dollfus, 1948 ............................................................... 65 Genus Pycnadenoides Yamaguti, 1938 ......................................................... 65 Genus Sphaerostoma Rudolphi, 1809 ........................................................... 65

Superfamily Azygioidea Lühe, 1909 ....................................................................................... 66 Family Azygiidae Lühe, 1909 ..................................................................................... 66

Genus Otodistomum Stafford, 1904 ............................................................... 66 Superfamily Bucephaloidea Poche, 1907 ............................................................................... 66

Family Bucephalidae Poche, 1907 ............................................................................. 67 Genus Bucephalus von Baer, 1827 ............................................................... 67 Genus Dolichoenterum Ozaki, 1924 .............................................................. 67 Genus Prosorhynchoides Dollfus, 1929 ......................................................... 68 Genus Prosorhynchus Odhner, 1905 ............................................................. 68 Genus Rhipidocotyle Diesing, 1858 ............................................................... 69

Superfamily Gorgoderoidea Looss, 1901 ............................................................................... 70 Family Gorgoderidae Looss, 1899 .............................................................................. 70

Genus Phyllodistomum Braun, 1899 .............................................................. 70 Superfamily Gymnophalloidea Odhner, 1905 ......................................................................... 70

Family Fellodistomidae Nicoll, 1909 ........................................................................... 70 Genus Lomasoma Manter, 1935 .................................................................... 71 Genus Lintonium Stunkard & Nigrelli, 1930 ................................................... 71 Genus Monascus Looss, 1907 ...................................................................... 71 Genus Proctoeces Odhner, 1911................................................................... 72


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Genus Steringotrema Odhner, 1911 .............................................................. 73 Genus Tergestia Stossich, 1899 .................................................................... 73 Genus Theledera Linton, 1910 ...................................................................... 74

Superfamily Haploporoidea Nicoll, 1914 ................................................................................ 74 Family Haploporidae Nicoll, 1914 ............................................................................... 74

Genus Dicrogaster Looss, 1902 .................................................................... 75 Genus Haploporus Looss, 1902 .................................................................... 75 Genus Lecithobotrys Looss, 1902 ................................................................. 76 Genus Saccocoelium Looss, 1902 ................................................................. 76

Superfamily Haplosplanchnoidea Poche, 1926 ...................................................................... 78 Family Haplosplanchnidae Poche, 1926 ..................................................................... 78

Genus Haplosplanchnus Looss, 1902 ............................................................ 78 Superfamily Hemiuroidea Looss, 1899 .................................................................................. 78

Family Accacoeliidae Odhner, 1911 ........................................................................... 79 Genus Accacladocoelium Odhner, 1928 ........................................................ 79 Genus Accacoelium Monticelli, 1893 ............................................................. 79 Genus Odhnerium Yamaguti, 1934 ................................................................ 80 Genus Orophocotyle Looss, 1902 .................................................................. 80 Genus Rhynchopharynx Odhner, 1928 .......................................................... 80 Genus Tetrochetus Looss, 1912 .................................................................... 81

Family Derogenidae Nicoll, 1910 ............................................................................... 81 Genus Arnola Strand, 1942 ........................................................................... 81 Genus Derogenes Lühe, 1900 ....................................................................... 81

Family Didymozoidae Monticelli, 1888 ........................................................................ 83 Genus Didymocylindrus Ishii, 1935 ................................................................ 83 Genus Didymocystis Ariola, 1902 .................................................................. 84 Genus Didymosulcus Pozdnyakov, 1990 ....................................................... 85 Genus Didymozoon Taschenberg, 1879 ........................................................ 86 Genus Koellikerioides Yamaguti, 1970 .......................................................... 87 Genus Nemathobothrium van Beneden, 1858 ................................................ 88 Genus Oesophagocystis Yamaguti, 1970 ...................................................... 88 Genus Platocystis Yamaguti, 1938 ................................................................ 88 Genus Wedlia Cobbold, 1860 ........................................................................ 89

Family Hemiuridae Looss, 1899 ................................................................................. 89 Genus Aphanurus Looss, 1907 ..................................................................... 90 Genus Brachyphallus Odhner, 1905 .............................................................. 90 Genus Ectenurus Looss, 1907 ....................................................................... 91 Genus Hemiurus Rudolphi, 1809 ................................................................... 91 Genus Lecithochirium Lühe, 1901 ................................................................. 93 Genus Lecithocladium Lühe, 1901................................................................. 95 Genus Saturnius Manter, 1969 ...................................................................... 96 Genus Synaptobothrium von Linstow, 1904 ................................................... 96

Family Lecithasteridae Odhner, 1905 ......................................................................... 97 Genus Aponurus Looss, 1907 ....................................................................... 97 Genus Lecithaster Lühe, 1901 ....................................................................... 97

Family Ptychogonimidae Dollfus, 1937 ....................................................................... 99 Genus Ptychogonimus Lühe, 1900 ................................................................ 99

Family Sclerodistomidae Odhner, 1927 ...................................................................... 99


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Genus Kenmackenzia Gibson, 1983 .............................................................. 99 Genus Sclerodistomum Looss, 1912 ............................................................. 99

Superfamily Lepocreadioidea Odhner, 1905 ........................................................................ 100 Family Aephnidiogenidae Yamaguti, 1934 .............................................................. 100

Genus Holorchis Stossich, 1901 ................................................................. 100 Family Deropristidae Cable & Hunninen, 1942 ......................................................... 101

Genus Deropristis Odhner, 1902 ................................................................. 101 Family Gyliauchenidae Fukui, 1929 .......................................................................... 102

Genus Robphilodollfusium Paggi & Orecchia, 1963 ..................................... 102 Family Lepidapedidae Yamaguti, 1958 ................................................................... 102

Genus Lepidapedon Stafford, 1904 ............................................................. 102 Family Lepocreadiidae Odhner, 1905 ....................................................................... 103

Genus Dihemistephanus Looss, 1901 ......................................................... 103 Genus Lepocreadium Stossich, 1904 .......................................................... 103 Genus Opechona Looss, 1907 .................................................................... 104 Genus Prodistomum Linton, 1910................................................................ 104

Superfamily Microphalloidea Ward, 1901 ............................................................................. 106 Family Faustulidae Poche, 1926 .............................................................................. 106

Genus Bacciger Nicoll, 1914 ....................................................................... 106 Genus Pronoprymna Poche, 1926 ............................................................... 107

Family Zoogonidae Odhner, 1902 ............................................................................ 108 Genus Diphterostomum Stossich, 1903 ....................................................... 108 Genus Lecithostaphylus Odhner, 1911 ........................................................ 109 Genus Zoogonoides Odhner, 1902 .............................................................. 110 Genus Zoogonus Looss, 1901 ..................................................................... 110

Superfamily Monorchioidea Odhner, 1911 ........................................................................... 110 Family Lissorchiidae Magath, 1917 .......................................................................... 110

Genus Asymphylodora Looss, 1899 ............................................................ 110 Family Monorchiidae Odhner, 1911 ......................................................................... 111

Genus Lasiotocus Looss, 1907 .................................................................... 111 Genus Monorchis Looss, 1902 .................................................................... 111 Genus Proctotrema Odhner, 1911 ............................................................... 112

Superfamily Opisthorchioidea Braun, 1901 .......................................................................... 112 Family Cryptogonimidae Ward, 1917 ........................................................................ 113

Genus Anisocladium Looss, 1902................................................................ 113 Genus Anisocoelium Lühe, 1900 ................................................................. 113 Genus Anoikostoma Stosssich, 1899 ........................................................... 114 Genus Aphallus Poche, 1926 ...................................................................... 114 Genus Metadena Linton, 1910 ..................................................................... 115 Genus Siphoderina Manter, 1934 ................................................................ 116 Genus Timoniella Rebecq, 1960 .................................................................. 116

Superfamily Paramphistomoidea Fischoeder, 1901 ............................................................. 117 Family Mesometridae Poche, 1926 .......................................................................... 117

Genus Centroderma Lühe, 1901 .................................................................. 117 Genus Elstia Bray, 1984 .............................................................................. 117 Genus Mesometra Lühe, 1901 .................................................................... 118 Genus Wardula Poch, 1926 ......................................................................... 118

Class CESTODA Rudolphi, 1808 .......................................................................................... 119


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Subclass EUCESTODA Southwell, 1930 .............................................................................. 119 Order Bothriocephalidea Kuchta, Scholz, Brabec & Bray, 2008 ............................................ 119

Family Bothriocephalidae Blanchard, 1849 ............................................................... 119 Genus Bothriocephalus Rudolphi, 1808 ....................................................... 119 Genus Clestobothrium Lühe, 1899 .............................................................. 121 Genus Ptychobothrium Lönnberg, 1889 ....................................................... 121

Family Echinophallidae Schumacher, 1914 .............................................................. 122 Genus Echinophallus Schumacher, 1914 .................................................... 122

Family Triaenophoridae Lönnberg, 1889 .................................................................. 122 Genus Amphicotyle Diesing, 1863 ............................................................... 122 Genus Anchistrocephalus Monticelli, 1890 .................................................. 122 Genus Eubothrium Nybelin, 1922 ................................................................ 123 Genus Fistulicola Lühe, 1899 ...................................................................... 124

Order Caryophyllidea van Beneden (in Olsson, 1893) .......................................................... 124 Family Caryophyllaeidae Leuckart, 1878 .................................................................. 124

Genus Caryophyllaeus Müller, 1787 ............................................................ 124 Order Diphyllidea van Beneden (in Carus, 1863) .................................................................. 125

Family Echinobothriidae Perrier, 1897 ...................................................................... 125 Genus Coronocestus Caira, Marques, Jensen, Kuchta & Ivanov, 2013 ........ 125 Genus Echinobothrium van Beneden, 1849 ................................................. 125

Order Diphyllobothriidea Kuchta, Scholz, Brabec, & Bray, 2008 ........................................... 126 Family Diphyllobothriidae Lühe, 1910 ....................................................................... 126

Genus Ligula Bloch, 1782 ........................................................................... 126 Order Proteocephalidea Mola, 1928 ..................................................................................... 127

Family Proteocephalidae La Rue, 1911 .................................................................... 127 Genus Proteocephalus Weinland, 1858 ....................................................... 127

Order Rhinebothriidea Healy, Caira, Jensen, Webster & Littlewood, 2009 ............................ 127 Family Rhinobothriidae Euzet, 1953 ......................................................................... 127

Genus Anthocephalum Linton, 1890 ............................................................ 127 Genus Echeneibothrium van Beneden, 1849 ............................................... 128 Genus Rhabdotobothrium Euzet, 1953 ........................................................ 128 Genus Scalithrium Ball, Neifar & Euzet, 2003 .............................................. 129 Genus Spongiobothrium Linton, 1889 .......................................................... 129

Order Tetraphyllidea Carus, 1863 ......................................................................................... 129 Family Onchobothriidae Braun, 1900 ....................................................................... 129

Genus Acanthobothrium Van Beneden, 1850 .............................................. 129 Genus Calliobothrium van Beneden, 1850 ................................................... 131 Genus Onchobothrium de Blainville, 1828 ................................................... 131 Genus Platybothrium Linton, 1890 ............................................................... 132

Family Phyllobothriidae Braun, 1900 ........................................................................ 132 Genus Anthobothrium van Beneden, 1849 .................................................. 132 Genus Ceratobothrium Monticelli, 1892 ....................................................... 133 Genus Crossobothrium Linton, 1889 ........................................................... 133 Genus Orygmatobothrium Diesing, 1863 ..................................................... 134 Genus Paraorygmatobothrium Ruhnke, 1994 .............................................. 134

Order Trypanorhyncha Diesing, 1863 ................................................................................... 134 Family Eutetrarhynchidae Guiart, 1927 .................................................................... 134

Genus Eutetrarhynchus Pintner, 1913 ......................................................... 134


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Genus Onchomegas Dollfus, 1929 .............................................................. 135 Genus Prochristianella Dollfus, 1946 ........................................................... 135

Family Gymnorhynchidae Dollfus, 1935 ................................................................... 135 Genus Gymnorhynchus Rudolphi, 1819 ....................................................... 135

Family Lacistorhynchidae Guiart, 1927 ..................................................................... 136 Genus Lacistorhynchus Pintner, 1913 ......................................................... 136

Family Sphyriocephalidae Pintner, 1913 .................................................................. 136 Genus Hepatoxylon Bosc, 1811 .................................................................. 136 Genus Sphyriocephalus Pintner, 1913 ......................................................... 137

Family Tentaculariidae Poche, 1926 ........................................................................ 137 Genus Kotorella Euzet & Radujkovic, 1989 ................................................. 137 Genus Nybelinia Poche, 1926 ..................................................................... 138

Trypanorhyncha incertae sedis .......................................................................................... 138 Genus Tetrarhynchus Rudolphi, 1809 ......................................................... 138

Tetraphyllidea incertae sedis ............................................................................................. 138 Genus Phyllobothrium van Beneden, 1850 .................................................. 138 Genus Scolex Müller, 1788 ......................................................................... 139

DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................................... 166 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................ 169 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 169 INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC AND VERNACULAR HOST NAMES ................................................ 244 INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF THE ADRIATIC FLATWORMS ...................................... 250 SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... 278 SAŽETAK ............................................................................................................................. 279

INTRODUCTION Scientific interest in parasites began in mid 18th century, when the first papers of

importance related to investigation of Platyhelminthes from the Adriatic Sea were published. Even Linnaeus, in his famous monograph from 1758, described some parasites (Ligula intestinalis as Fasciola intestinalis). The most significant contributors from that time (giving mostly descriptions of new species), are the following authors: Pallas (1760; 1781), Müller (1776), Bloch (1779; 1782), Goeze (1782), Frölich (1789), Abildgaard (1790; 1794), Rudolphi (1793), Bosc (1797).

During the 19th century, the most intensive investigation of marine fish flatworms occurred, both in the number of scientists involved and the number and quality of papers published. The aforementioned studies were conducted either in the northern part of the Adriatic Sea or in other seas surrounding Italy (Tyrrhenian Sea and Ligurian Sea).

The first publications were published by Rudolphi (1801–1819), Leuckart (1820) and Kuhn (1829) at the very beginning of the 19th century. In the middle of the 19th


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century, research of flatworms as well as other parasites began in other parts of the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic. The results of Diesing's studies, published between 1836 and 1858 and those of van Beneden (1849-1889) actuated further research of parasitofauna of the Adriatic Sea. The particular importance of the work and papers of the following authors should be emphasized: Molin (1856–1861), Parona and Parona & Perugia (1887–1912), Carus (1863–1885), Taschenberg (1879), Monticelli (1891–1907) and Sonsino (1890).

However, a special merit for the study of Adriatic flatworms belongs to Stossich, who published a number of papers between 1882 and 1905. He described many new species and created several faunistic lists of those parasites, based on available data from the northern Adriatic.

In the transition from the 19th into the 20th century, a significant contribution to the knowledge of parasitic flatworms was given by Looss (1900–1912) and Lühe (1899–1909).

The research of flatworms continued in the second half of the 20th century in the Adriatic Sea: central part – Janiszewska (1953), Sey (1968; 1970), Hristovski & Jardas (1983; 1991), Jardas & Hristovski (1985), southern part – Ergens (1960), Radujković (1986; 2002), Radujković & Petrović (1986), Radujković & Euzet (1989), Radujković & Raibaut (1989), Orecchia et al. (1988), Radujković et al. (1989), Radujković & Šundić (2011), and northern part (Slovenia) – Paradižnik (1989; 1991a; 1991b; 1992; 2007), Paradižnik & Radujković (2007a; 2007b).

As of the beginning of 2000 till now, Mladineo (2004; 2005; 2006a; 2006b; 2006c), Mladineo & Tudor (2004), Mladineo et al. (2008; 2010; 2011) have contributed to the knowledge of parasitic flatworms of the Adriatic Sea, investigating mainly pisciculture species in its central part.

We have undertaken the preparation of this study to document the flatworm fauna of the Adriatic Sea fish hosts and geographical distribution of species, taking into consideration time when and location where they were described. This monograph, based on virtually all relevant literature as of 1758 till 2014, attempts to summarize the state of knowledge of the above mentioned parasites and to facilitate contemporary and future research in biodiversity, zoogeography and ecology. Even more, it attempts to contribute to the conservation, marine ichthyology, fishery and aquaculture.

MATERIAL AND METHODS GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF ADRIATIC SEA Adriatic Sea extends northwest from 40°00' N to 45°47' N and southeast from

12°18' E to 19°34' E. It is bordered in the west by Italy and in the east by Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Albania. We divided the Adriatic


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Sea in 3 parts: northern (N), central (C) and southern (S), not for geomorphological and biogeographical reasons only, but, primarily, because of different history of parasitological investigations (Figure 1).

Figure 1 : Geographica l pos i t ion o f Adr ia t ic Sea and i ts subdivis ions: N–nor thern par t ; C–cent ra l par t ; S–southern par t ; I ta– I ta ly; S lo–Slovenia ; B&H–Bosnia and Herzegovina ;

Mne–Montenegro; Alb– Al bania .


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HOST NAMES Valid scientific fish names are presented in accordance with International Code

of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). Taxonomic authorities, such as CLOFNAM, FNAM, WoRMS, FishBase and NHM parasite database were consulted. We had personal communication with Professor Jean-Pierre Quignard (University of Montpellier, France) as well. As far as taxonomic position, affiliation and English vernacular names are concerned, we adopted those proposed by mentioned databases.

PARASITE NAMES The adopted valid names of parasites, in accordance with ICZN, are used. The

same taxonomic authorities, as mentioned above, were consulted for parasite species, as well. Personal communications with Professor Louis Euzet (University of Montpellier, France), Dr David Gibson (Natural History Museum, London, UK), Dr Pavel Gerasev (Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia), Dr Evgenija V. Dmitrieva (Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Sevastopol, Ukraine) were established in order to review certain parts of catalogue. The updated names of hosts and parasites sometimes do not correspond to the outdated names of parasite references, especially old ones. The names of hosts and parasites (but also the name of genera, families, superfamilies and orders) are listed in alphabetical order.

SYNONYMS Synonyms of species, genera, families and superfamilies are listed in

chronological order. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION The distribution records of the flatworm species are grouped, as shown below,

for the purpose of easier access: 1. Mediterranean: 1a. Northeast (Sea of Marmara, Aegean Sea), 1b. Central (Ionian Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, Ligurian Sea), 1c. Northwest (Gulf of Lion, Balearic Sea, Alboran Sea), 1d. Southwest (Moroccan, Algerian and Tunisian coast), 1e. Southeast (Libyan and Egypt coast), 1f. East (Israeli, Lebanon and Syrian coast); 2. Black Sea; 3. Azov Sea; 4. East Atlantic; 5. West Atlantic; 6. East Pacific; 7. West Pacific; 8. Indian Ocean.

For the parasites from the migratory hosts, distribution in European, Asian and North American freshwaters was given, too.


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RESULTS In this monograph, 330 species of monogeneans, digeneans and cestodes from

the Adriatic Sea fishes are presented, in their taxonomic context and alphabetical order. The synonyms of species and higher categories (in chronological order), findings in different parts of Adriatic Sea, geographical distribution other than Adriatic, scientific and English vernacular names of hosts and site of infection are given, too. The species, whose presence in the Adriatic was doubtful, are marked with "?".

Phylum Platyhelminthes Gegenbaur, 1859 Class Monogenea Carus, 1863 Subclass Monopisthocotylea Odhner, 1912 Order Capsalidea Lebedev, 1988

Family Capsalidae Baird, 1853

[Syn. Tristomidae Cobbold, 1877 Encotyllabidae Monticelli, 1888

Tristomatidae Gamble, 1896 Aviellidae Sproston, 1947]

Genus Ancyrocotyle Parona & Monticelli, 1903

Ancyrocotyle vallei (Parona & Perugia, 1895)

Synonym. Placunella vallei Parona & Perugia, 1895. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Parona & Perugia 1895; Stossich 1898a; Palombi 1949; Egorova 1997; Bona et al. 1995a). Distribution. Reported from the Adriatic Sea only. Host. Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus, 1758) (pilotfish). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Genus Benedenia Diesing, 1858

[Syn. Phylline Oken, 1815 pro parte Tristoma Cuvier, 1817 pro parte

Epibdella van Beneden, 1856 pro parte Tristomum Taschenberg, 1878 pro parte

Parabenedenia Johnston, 1929]

Benedenia monticellii (Parona & Perugia, 1895) Synonym. Epibdella monticellii Parona & Perugia, 1895; Phylline monticellii (Parona & Perugia, 1895); Parabenedenia monticellii (Parona & Perugia, 1895). Findings in the Adriatic. North (Parona & Perugia 1895; Stossich 1898a; Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a).


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Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a; Orecchia et al. 1998b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Di Cave 2008); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Neifar 1995; Derbel 2004); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Paperna & Overstreet 1981). Host. Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) (golden grey mullet). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Genus Capsala Bosc, 1811 [Syn. Phylline Oken, 1815

Tristoma Cuvier, 1817 Capsala Guiart, 1938 Tricotyla Guiart, 1938

Tristomella Guiart, 1938]

Capsala martinieri Bosc, 1811 Synonyms. Phyline diodontis Oken, 1817; Tristoma maculatum Rudolphi, 1819; Phyline coccinea Schweigger, 1820; Tristoma cephala Risso, 1826; Capsala sanguinea Blainville, 1828; Tristoma coccineum Rudolphi, 1819 (Bremser, 1824 in Diesing, 1836); Capsala maculata (Rudolphi, 1819); Capsala cephala (Risso, 1826); Tristoma rudolphianum Diesing, 1850; Capsala rudolphiana (Diesing, 1850); Tristoma aculeatum Couch, 1868. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Parona & Peruggia 1889; Stossich 1891; 1896; 1898a; Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a), South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Grohmann in Diesing 1850; Taschenberg 1878; Lang 1880; Monticelli 1893; Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a), Ligurian Sea (Risso 1826; Sonsino 1890; Parona & Peruggia 1889); Northeast Atlantic (Llewellyn et al. 1984); Northwest Atlantic: Newfoundland, Canada (Bosc 1811). Host. Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) (ocean sunfish). Site of infection. Skin.

Capsala pelamydis (Taschenberg, 1878)

Synonym. Tristomum pelamydis Taschenberg, 1878; Caballerocotyla pelamydis (Taschenberg, 1878). Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1898a; Parona & Perugia 1890; Setti 1899; Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1892; Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a), Ligurian Sea (Sonsino 1891a; Parona & Perugia 1892; Palombi 1949). Host. Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793) (Atlantic bonito). Site of infection. Gill filaments.


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Genus Encotyllabe Diesing, 1850 [Syn. Cheloniella van Beneden & Hesse, 1863

Tristoma Taschenberg, 1878]

Encotyllabe vallei Monticelli, 1907 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Monticelli 1907; Palombi 1949), South (Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Kaouachi et al. 2012). Host. Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777) (sharpsnout seabream), Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (gilthead seabream). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Genus Tristoma Cuvier, 1817

Tristoma coccineum Cuvier, 1817

Synonyms. Tristoma papillosum Diesing, 1836; Capsala papillosa Nordman, in Lamarck, 1840. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1885; 1898a; Setti 1899; Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Ionian Sea (Palombi 1949; Mattiucci et al. 2005), Tyrrhenian Sea (Palombi 1949; Di Paolo et al. 1994; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998b; Mattiucci et al. 2005; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Sonsino 1891a; Palombi 1949); Northeast Atlantic (Mattiucci et al. 2005). Host. Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758 (swordfish), Tetrapturus belone Rafinesque, 1810 (Mediterranean spearfish). Site of infection. Gill filaments, skin.

Tristoma integrum (Diesing, 1850)

Synonym. Tristomum rotundatum Goto, 1891. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Ionian Sea (Palombi 1949; Mattiucci et al. 2005), Tyrrhenian Sea (Palombi 1949; Di Paolo et al. 1994; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998b; Mattiucci et al. 2005; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Palombi 1949); Northeast Atlantic (Mattiucci et al. 2005). Host. Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758 (swordfish). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Genus Trochopus Diesing, 1836

[Syn. Tristoma Diesing, 1836 Placunella van Beneden & Hesse, 1863


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Tristomum Taschenberg, 1878 Acanthocotyle MacCallum, 1921

Megalocotyle Folda, 1928]

Trochopus onchacanthus Massa, 1906 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Massa 1906; Palombi 1949). Distribution. Reported from the Adriatic Sea only. Host. Unknown. Site of infection. Unknown.

Trochopus pini (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863)

Synonyms. Placunella pini van Beneden & Hesse, 1863; Tristomum pini (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863); Trochopus tubiporus Sonsino, 1891. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Paggi et al. 1998b), South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Parona 1899a; 1912; Massa 1903; 1906; Mola 1928; Palombi 1949; Ulmer & James 1981; Orecchia et al. 1985; Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Sonsino 1891a; Parona 1899a; Palombi 1949); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet 1957; Kearn 1971); Northeast Atlantic (Kearn 1971; Llewellyn et al. 1984), Belgian coast (van Beneden & Hesse 1863). Host. Chelidonichthys cuculus (Linnaeus, 1758) (red gurnard), Chelidonichthys lucerna (Linnaeus, 1758) (tub gurnard). Site of infection. Skin, gill filaments.

Trochopus tubiporus (Diesing, 1836) Synonyms. Tristoma tubiporum Diesing, 1836; Capsala tubipora Nordmann, 1840; Trochopus longipes Diesing, 1850. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Kolar in Diesing 1850; Stossich 1898a; Lorenz in Parona & Perugia 1899; Palombi 1949). Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Egorova 1994; Hansson 1998). Host. Chelidonichthys lucerna (Linnaeus, 1758) (tub gurnard). Site of infection. Gill filaments. Order Dactylogyridea Bychowsky, 1957

Family Amphibdellatidae Bychowsky, 1957

Genus Amphibdella Chatin, 1874

[Syn. Tetraonchus Monticelli, 1890]


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Amphibdella paronaperugiae Llewellyn, 1960 – new for Adriatic Synonyms. Tetraonchus torpedinis (Chatin, 1874); Amphibdella torpedinis Chatin, 1874. Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Monticelli 1889a; 1890a; 1891; Ruszkowski 1931; Ulmer & James 1981; Orecchia et al. 1985; Mariniello et al. 1999; Di Cave et al. 2003), Ligurian Sea (Perugia & Parona 1890a); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Raibaut 1962; Tazerouti et al. 2006); Southwest Mediterranean: Moroccan coast of Alboran Sea (Euzet & Vala 1975). Host. Torpedo torpedo (Linnaeus, 1758) (common torpedo). Site of infection. Gill filaments, blood vassels, heart.

Amphibdella torpedinis Chatin, 1874 Synonym. Tetraonchus torpedinis (Chatin, 1874). Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1898a; Bona et al. 1995a), South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Akmirza 2013); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Monticelli 1889a; 1890a; 1891; Ruszkowski 1931; Bona et al. 1995a; Mariniello et al. 1999; Di Cave et al. 2003; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Perugia & Parona 1890a); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Raibaut 1962); Southwest Mediterranean: Moroccan coast of Alboran Sea (Euzet & Vala 1975), Algerian coast (Tazerouti et al. 2006); East Atlantic: Maroccan coast (Euzet & Vala 1975); Northeast Atlantic (Llewellyn 1960). Host. Torpedo marmorata Risso, 1810 (marbled electric ray). Site of infection. Gill filaments, blood vessels, heart.

Genus Amphibdelloides Price, 1937

Amphibdelloides benhassinae Tazerouti, Neifar & Euzet, 2006 – new for Adriatic

Synonym. Amphibaelloides benhassinae Tazerouti, Neifar & Euzet, 2006 (misspelling). Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper). Distribution. Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Tazerouti et al. 2006), Tunisian coast (Tazerouti et al. 2006). Host. Torpedo torpedo (Linnaeus, 1758) (common torpedo). Site of infection. Gills, secondary lamellae. Amphibdelloides kechemirae Tazerouti, Neifar & Euzet, 2006 – new for

Adriatic Synonym. Amphibaelloides kechemirae Tazerouti, Neifar & Euzet, 2006 (misspelling). Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper).


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Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Tazerouti et al. 2006); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Tazerouti et al. 2006). Host. Torpedo marmorata Risso, 1810 (marbled electric ray). Site of infection. Gill filaments, secondary lamellae.

Amphibdelloides vallei Llewellyn, 1960

Synonyms. Amphibdella torpedinis Perugia & Parona, 1889; Amphibdelloides macallumi Euzet, 1957. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Perugia & Parona 1889), South (this paper). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Mariniello et al. 1999; Di Cave et al. 2003); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet 1957; Tazerouti et al. 2006); Southwest Mediterranean: Moroccan coast of Alboran Sea (Euzet & Vala 1975), Algerian coast (Tazerouti et al. 2006); East Atlantic: Maroccan coast (Euzet & Vala 1975); Northeast Atlantic (Llewellyn et al. 1984). Host. Torpedo marmorata Risso, 1810 (marbled electric ray). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Family Ancyrocephalidae Bychowsky & Nagibina, 1978

Genus Ligophorus Euzet & Suriano, 1977

Ligophorus acuminatus Euzet & Suriano, 1977 Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Petrović 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989; Mariniello et al. 2004). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008), Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 2001); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Suriano 1977). Host. Liza saliens (Risso, 1810) (leaping mullet). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Ligophorus angustus Euzet & Suriano, 1977 Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Petrović 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Paggi et al. 1998a; Mariniello et al. 2004), Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 2001; Mariniello et al. 2004); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Suriano 1977); Northeast Atlantic (Llewellyn et al. 1984). Host. Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1826) (thicklip grey mullet). Site of infection. Gill filaments.


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Ligophorus chabaudi Euzet & Suriano, 1977 Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998a; Mariniello et al. 2004; Di Cave 2008), Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 2001; Mariniello et al. 2004); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Suriano 1977); Black Sea (Sarabeev & Balbuena 2004). Host. Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 (flathead grey mullet). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Ligophorus confusus Euzet & Suriano, 1977 Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Petrović 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989; Mariniello et al. 2004). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Orecchia et al. 1998b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Di Cave 2008), Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 2001); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Suriano 1977). Host. Liza ramada (Risso, 1826) (thinlip grey mullet). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Ligophorus heteronchus Euzet & Suriano, 1977

Findings in the Adriatic. South (Mariniello et al. 2004). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998a; Di Cave 2008), Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 2001); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Suriano 1977). Host. Liza saliens (Risso, 1810) (leaping mullet). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Ligophorus imitans Euzet & Suriano, 1977

Findings in the Adriatic. South (Mariniello et al. 2004). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Orecchia et al. 1998b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Di Cave 2008), Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 2001); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Suriano 1977). Host. Liza ramada (Risso, 1826) (thinlip grey mullet). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Ligophorus macrocolpos Euzet & Suriano, 1977

Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Petrović 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989; Mariniello et al. 2004).


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Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998a; Di Cave 2008), Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 2001); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Suriano 1977). Host. Liza saliens (Risso, 1810) (leaping mullet). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Ligophorus minimus Euzet & Suriano, 1977

Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Petrović 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989; Mariniello et al. 2004). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008), Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 2001); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Suriano 1977). Host. Liza saliens (Risso, 1810) (leaping mullet). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Ligophorus parvicirrus Euzet & Sanfilippo, 1983

Findings in the Adriatic. South (Mariniello et al. 2004). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Orecchia et al. 1998b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Di Cave 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Sanfilippo 1983). Host. Liza ramada (Risso, 1826) (thinlip grey mullet). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Ligophorus szidati Euzet & Suriano, 1977

Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Petrović 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989; Mariniello et al. 2004). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998a; Di Cave 2008), Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 2001); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Suriano 1977); Black Sea (Sarabeev & Balbuena 2004). Host. Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) (golden grey mullet). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Ligophorus vanbenedenii (Parona & Perugia, 1890) Synonyms. Tetraonchus vanbenedenii Parona & Perugia, 1890; Haplocleidus vanbenedenii Palombi, 1949; Haliotrema vanbenedenii (Parona & Perugia, 1890) Young, 1968. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Parona & Perugia 1890; Stossich 1896; Bona et al. 1995a), South (Palombi 1949; Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989; Mariniello et al. 2004).


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Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998a; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1890; Palombi 1949), Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 2001); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Suriano 1977), Balearic Sea (Sarabeev & Balbuena 2004); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Paperna & Kohn 1964); Black Sea (Gussev 1955; Sarabeev & Balbuena 2004; Dmitrieva et al. 2012). Host. Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) (golden grey mullet), Oedalechilus labeo (Cuvier, 1829) (boxlip mullet) – new host (this paper). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Genus Paradiplectanotrema Gerasev, Gayevskaya & Kovaleva, 1987

Paradiplectanotrema sp. Gerasev, Di Cave, Orecchia & Paggi, 1995 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Gerasev et al. 1995). Distribution. Reported from the Adriatic Sea only. Host. Chelidonichthys cuculus (Linnaeus, 1758) (red gurnard), Eutrigla gurnardus (Linnaeus, 1758) (grey gurnard), Trigla lyra Linnaeus, 1758 (piper gurnard). Site of infection. Stomach.

Family Diplectanidae Monticelli, 1903

Genus Diplectanum Diesing, 1858 [Syn. Dactylogyrus Wagener, 1857

Squamodiscus Yamaguti, 1934]

Diplectanum aculeatum Parona & Perugia, 1889 Synonyms. Diplectanum scienae Oliver, 1974 partim, nec van Beneden & Hesse, 1863; Diplectanum scienae Orecchia & Paggi, 1974, nec van Beneden & Hesse, 1863. Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008; Strona et al. 2010), Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1889; Palombi 1949); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Oliver 1968; 1980), Catalonian Sea (Paling 1966); Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Paperna & Lahav 1975; Oliver & Paperna 1984); Black Sea (Bychowsky 1957); Northeast Atlantic (Oliver 1974; 1980). Host. Sciaena umbra Linnaeus, 1758 (brown meagre). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Diplectanum aequans (Wagener, 1857) Synonym. Dactylogirus aequans Wagener, 1857.


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Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1882; 1898a; Parona & Perugia 1890; Borghesan et al. 1995; Bona et al. 1995a), Central (Mladineo 2004*; 2006a*; Mladineo et al. 2010*), South (Palombi 1949; Adžić 2010*). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Tokşen 1999; Vagianou et al. 2006; Yardimci & Pekmezci 2012), Ionian Sea: Messolonghi (this paper); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Palombi 1949; Di Cave et al. 1991; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998a; Monni & Cognetti-Varriale 2001; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Palombi 1949); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Lambert & Maillard 1974); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Euzet 1984); Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Oliver & Paperna 1984); Northeast Atlantic (Llewellyn et al. 1984). Host. Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) (European seabass). Site of infection. Gill filaments. Remark. * In aquaculture: Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) (European seabass), Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777) (sharpsnout seabream), Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (gilthead seabream).

Diplectanum chabaudi Oliver, 1980

Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Mediterranean: Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Oliver & Paperna 1984); Northeast Atlantic (Oliver 1980). Host. Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (shi drum). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Diplectanum laubieri Lambert & Maillard, 1974 – new for Adriatic Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Ionian Sea, Messolonghi (this paper); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Lambert & Maillard 1974), Spanish coast (González-Lanza et al. 1991); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Oliver & Paperna 1984); Northeast Atlantic (Oliver 1980). Host. Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) (European seabass). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Diplectanum melvillei Oliver & Paperna, 1984

Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Oliver & Paperna 1984). Host. Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (shi drum). Site of infection. Gill filaments.


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Diplectanum nagibinae Oliver & Paperna, 1984 Synonyms. Diplectanum similis Paperna & Lahav, 1975 nec Bychowsky, 1957; Diplectanum simile Radujkovic, 1986 nec Bychowsky, 1957. Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Oliver & Paperna 1984). Host. Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (shi drum). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Diplectanum sciaenae van Beneden & Hesse, 1863

Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995a). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008; Strona et al. 2010); Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Oliver & Paperna 1984). Host. Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801) (meagre), Sciaena umbra Linnaeus, 1758 (brown meagre). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Diplectanum simile Bychowsky, 1957

Synonym. Diplectanum aculeatum Paling, 1966, nec Parona & Perugia, 1889. Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Strona et al. 2010); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Oliver 1968; 1970), Catalonian Sea (Paling 1966); Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Paperna & Lahav 1975; Oliver & Paperna 1984); Black Sea (Bychowsky 1957). Host. Sciaena umbra Linnaeus, 1758 (brown meagre). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Genus Lamellodiscus Johnston & Tiegs, 1922

[Syn. Furnestinia Euzet & Audouin, 1959]

Lamellodiscus bidens Euzet, 1984 Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Desdevises et al. 2002); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Euzet 1984). Host. Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777) (sharpsnout seabream). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Lamellodiscus echeneis (Wagener, 1857) Synonyms. Dactylogyrus echeneis Wagener, 1857; Diplectanum echeneis (Wagener, 1857); Lamellodiscus echeneis (Wagener, 1857); Lamellodiscus sp. sensu Ulmer & James, 1981; Furnestinia echeneis (Wagener, 1857) Desdevises (2001).


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Findings in the Adriatic. North (Parona & Perugia 1895; Stossich 1898a; Borghesan et al. 1995), Central (Mladineo et al. 2010*), South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Tokşen 1999; Vagianou et al. 2006); Mediterranean (Wagener 1857); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ulmer & James 1981; Bona et al. 1995a; Cognetti-Varriale & Baroncelli 1998; Mariniello et al. 2000; Di Cave 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Audouin 1959; Oliver 1969; 1987); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Euzet 1984); Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Paperna & Lahav 1975); East Mediterranean: Red Sea, Israeli coast, Eilat (Paperna et al. 1977); Northeast Atlantic (Oliver 1987). Host. Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (gilthead seabream). Site of infection. Gill filaments. Remark. *Aquaculture.

Lamellodiscus elegans Bychowsky, 1957 Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo 2004*; 2006a*); South (Ergens 1960; Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Strona et al. 2010); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Oliver 1969; Oliver 1987; Desdevises et al. 2002); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Kaouachi et al. 2012), Tunisian coast (Euzet 1984); Black Sea (Bychowsky 1957; Dolgikh & Naidenova 1967); Northeast Atlantic (Oliver 1987); Southeast Atlantic (Justine 1985). Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream), Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) (common two-banded seabream). Site of infection. Gill filaments. Remark. * In aquaculture: Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) (European seabass), Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777) (sharpsnout seabream), Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (gilthead seabream).

Lamellodiscus ergensi Euzet & Oliver, 1966

Synonym. Lamellodiscus pagrosomi Ergens, 1960 nec Murray, 1931. Findings in the Adriatic. South (Ergens 1960; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Strona et al. 2010); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Oliver 1966; Oliver 1969; 1987; Desdevises et al. 2002); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Amine & Euzet 2005), Tunisian coast (Euzet 1984); Northeast Atlantic (Oliver 1987); Southeast Atlantic (Justine 1985). Host. Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777) (sharpsnout seabream), Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) (common two-banded seabream). Site of infection. Gill filaments.


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Lamellodiscus erythrini Euzet & Oliver, 1967 Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998b; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Orecchia & Paggi 1978); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Oliver 1967; Oliver 1969; Desdevises et al. 2002); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Kaouachi et al. 2010); Northeast Atlantic (Oliver 1987). Host. Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (common pandora). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Lamellodiscus flagellatus Boudaya, Neifar & Euzet, 2009 – new for Adriatic Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper). Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Boudaya et al. 2009); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Boudaya et al. 2009). Host. Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) (sand steenbras). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Lamellodiscus fraternus Bychowsky, 1957

Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Strona et al. 2010); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Oliver 1966; Oliver 1969; Desdevises et al. 2002); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Amine et al. 2006; Kaouachi et al. 2012), Tunisian coast (Euzet 1984); Black Sea (Bychowsky 1957). Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Lamellodiscus hilli Euzet, 1984

Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orecchia et al. 1998a); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Desdevises et al. 2002); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Euzet 1984). Host. Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777) (sharpsnout seabream). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Lamellodiscus ignoratus Palombi, 1943

Synonym. Diplectanum echeneis Parona & Perugia, 1889, nec Wagener, 1857. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Parona & Perugia 1889; 1890; Stossich 1898a), South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Tokşen et al. 2003); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Palombi 1943a; Ulmer & James 1981; Merella et al. 2005; Strona et al. 2010), Ligurian Sea (Palombi 1949); Northwest


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Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Oliver 1966; Oliver 1969; 1987; Desdevises et al. 2002), Alboran Sea (Lopez-Roman 1973); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Amine et al. 2006; Kaouachi et al. 2012), Tunisian coast (Euzet 1984); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Paperna & Kohn 1964); Northeast Atlantic (Oliver 1987); Southeast Atlantic (Justine 1985). Host. Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) (common two-banded seabream), Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777) (sharpsnout seabream), Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) (sand steenbras), Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (gilthead seabream). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Lamellodiscus mormyri Euzet & Oliver, 1967 Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Oliver 1967; Oliver 1969; Desdevises et al. 2002); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Euzet 1984); Northeast Atlantic (Oliver 1987). Host. Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) (sand steenbras). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Lamellodiscus verberis Euzet & Oliver, 1967

Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Oliver 1967; Oliver 1969; Desdevises et al. 2002), Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Euzet 1984); Northeast Atlantic (Oliver 1987). Host. Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) (sand steenbras). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Genus Pseudorhabdosynochus Yamaguti, 1958

Pseudorhabdosynochus beverleyburtonae (Oliver, 1984) Synonyms. Diplectanum americanum Euzet & Oliver, 1965, nec Price, 1937; Cycloplectanum americanum Oliver, 1968 partim, nec Price, 1937; Cycloplectanum beverleyburtonae Oliver, 1984. Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ulmer & James 1981; Azzurro et al. 2002); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Oliver 1965b; Oliver 1968; 1970; 1984; 1987). Host. Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) (dusky grouper). Site of infection. Gill filaments.


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Pseudorhabdosynochus riouxi (Oliver, 1986) Synonym. Cycloplectanum riouxi Oliver, 1986. Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea, Naples (Azzurro et al. 2002); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Oliver 1986); Northeast Atlantic (Oliver 1986). Host. Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) (dusky grouper). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Genus Protolamellodiscus Oliver, 1969

Protolamellodiscus raibauti Oliver & Radujkovic, 1987

Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Oliver & Radujkovic 1987; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Oliver & Radujkovic 1987). Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Protolamellodiscus serranelli (Euzet & Oliver, 1965) Synonyms. Lamellodiscus serranelli Euzet & Oliver, 1965; Calydiscoides serranelli (Euzet & Oliver, 1965). Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Mariniello et al. 1999; Strona et al. 2010); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Oliver 1965a; Oliver 1969); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Euzet 1984). Host. Serranus cabrilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (comber). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Family Fridericianellidae Gupta & Sachdeva, 1990

Genus Calceostomella Palombi, 1943 [Syn. Calceostoma van Beneden, 1852]

Calceostomella inermis (Parona & Perugia, 1889)

Synonym. Calceostoma inerme Parona & Perugia, 1889. Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998b; Di Cave 2008; Strona et al. 2010), Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1889; Sonsino 1890; Palombi 1943b; 1949; Orecchia & Paggi 1978); Southwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Tunis (Euzet & Ktari 1970; 1973); Black Sea (Wlassenko 1931; Bychowsky 1957).


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Host. Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (shi drum), Sciaena umbra Linnaeus, 1758 (brown meagre). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Family Tetraonchidae Bychowsky, 1937

Genus Ergenstrema Paperna, 1964

Ergenstrema labrosi Anderson, 1981

Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 2001); Northeast Atlantic (Anderson 1981; Llewellyn et al. 1984). Host. Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1826) (thicklip grey mullet). Site of infection. Gill filaments, gill rakers.

Ergenstrema mugilis Paperna, 1964

Synonym. Dactylogyroidea sp. Ergens, 1960. Findings in the Adriatic. South (Ergens 1960; Radujković 1986; Radujković & Petrović 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orecchia et al. 1998b; Paggi et al. 1998a), Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 2001); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Lambert & Sanfilippo 1977); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Paperna 1964a). Host. Liza ramada (Risso, 1826) (thinlip grey mullet). Site of infection. Gill rakers.

Order Gyrodactylidea Bychowsky, 1937

Family Gyrodactylidae Cobbold, 1864 [Syn. Amphibdellidae Carus, 1885]

Genus Gyrodactylus Nordmann, 1832

Gyrodactylus anguillae Ergens, 1960

Findings in the Adriatic. North (Kennedy & Di Cave 1998), South (Ergens 1960). Distribution. European freshwaters: Sweeden: river Morup, Falkenberg, Halland (Malmberg 1970), Russia: Kalininskaya (Gusev 1985), Italy: river Tibar (Orecchia et al. 1987), Denmark: Isefjord (Køie 1988), United Kingdom: river Exe catchment, river Alun (Kennedy & Di Cave 1998); Northwest Mediterranean: coast of Spain (Grano–Maldonado et al. 2011).


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Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel). Site of infection. Gills. Remark. As catadromous fish, the eel was infected, probably, in freshwater.

Gyrodactylus arcuatus Bychowsky, 1933

Findings in the Adriatic. North (Huyse et al. 2006). Distribution. Black Sea (Özer et al. 2004; Gibson & Bray 2012); Azov Sea (Bychowsky & Poljansky 1953); Northeast Atlantic: North Sea, Skkagerak (Rokicki & Strömberg 1995), Belgian coast-Belgian exclusive economic zone (Volckaert et al. 2001), coast of Sweden (Huyse et al. 2004); Baltic Sea: Poland-Polish exclusive economic zone (Kedra 2010); European inland waters (Bray 2001). Host. Knipowitschia panizzae (Verga, 1841) (Adriatic dwarf goby). Site of infection. Gills.

Gyrodactylus branchialis Huyse, Malmberg & Volckaert, 2004

Findings in the Adriatic. North (Huyse et al. 2006). Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Vaccarès lagoon, Sète (Huyse et al. 2006); Northeast Atlantic: North Sea, Ostend (Huyse et al. 2004; 2006). Host. Pomatoschistus marmoratus (Risso, 1810) (marbled goby). Site of infection. Gills.

Gyrodactylus longipes Paladini, Hansen, Fioravanti & Shinn, 2011 Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Paladini et al. 2011). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Paladini et al. 2011). Host. Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (gilthead seabream). Site of infection. Principally on the gills; occasionally on the skin of farmed juvenile gilthead seabream.

Gyrodactylus orecchiae Paladini, Cable, Fioravanti, Faria, Di Cave & Shinn, 2009

Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Paladini et al. 2009; 2011), South (Paladini et al. 2009; 2011). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Paladini et al. 2011). Host. Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (gilthead seabream). Site of infection. Skin, fins, eyes and gill filaments.

Gyrodactylus ostendicus Huyse & Malmberg, 2004

Findings in the Adriatic. North (Huyse et al. 2006). Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Vaccarès lagoon (Huyse et al. 2006); Northeast Atlantic: North Sea, Ostend (Huyse & Malmberg 2004; Huyse et al. 2006). Host. Knipowitschia panizzae (Verga, 1841) (Adriatic dwarf goby), Pomatoschistus marmoratus (Risso, 1810) (marbled goby).


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Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Family Udonellidae Taschenberg, 1879

Genus Udonella Johnston, 1835

Udonella lupi van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1898a; Palombi 1949). Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863). Host. Caligus minimus Otto, 1821 in Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) (European seabass). Site of infection. On the body surface and egg sacs of copepod parasites. Order Monocotylidea Lebedev, 1988

Family Monocotylidae Taschenberg, 1879

Genus Calicotyle Diesing, 1850

Calicotyle kroyeri Diesing, 1850 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1885; Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Ionian Sea (Palombi 1949); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Zschokke 1887; Basile 1909; Palombi 1949; Ulmer & James 1981; Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave et al. 2003; Di Cave 2008); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Llewellyn et al. 1984); West Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico (Chisholm et al. 1997). Host. Dipturus batis (Linnaeus, 1758) (blue skate), Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758 (thornback ray), Raja miraletus Linnaeus, 1758 (brown ray), Rostroraja alba (Lacepède, 1803) (white skate). Site of infection. Cloaca.

Calicotyle stossichi Braun, 1899 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Braun 1899; Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a; Chisholm et al. 1997). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Di Cave 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Williams 1960); West Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico (Chisholm et al. 1997). Host. Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758) (smooth-hound). Site of infection. Rectal gland.


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Genus Dasybatotrema Price, 1936

Dasybatotrema dasybatis (MacCallum, 1916) – new for Adriatic Synonym. Monocotyle dasybatis MacCallum, 1916. Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper). Distribution. Northwest Atlantic (MacCallum 1916). Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray). Site of infection. Gills.

Genus Heterocotyle Scott, 1904 [Syn. Trionchus MacCallum, 1916 Monocotyloides Johnston, 1934

Diploheterocotyla Yamaguti, 1965]

Heterocotyle pastinacae Scott, 1904 – new for Adriatic Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ulmer & James 1981); Southwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Tunis (Neifar et al. 1998); Northeast Atlantic (Scott 1904). Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Heterocotyle scotti Neifar, Euzet & Ben Hassine, 1998 – new for Adriatic Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper). Distribution. Southwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Tunis (Neifar et al. 1998). Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray). Site of infection. Gills.

Heterocotyle similis Neifar, Euzet & Ben Hassine, 1998 – new for Adriatic Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper). Distribution. Southwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Tunis (Neifar et al. 1998). Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray). Site of infection. Gills.

Genus Merizocotyle Cerfontaine, 1894

Merizocotyle concinna (Scott, 1904) Chisholm, Wheeler & Beverley-Burton, 1995

Synonym. Thaumatocotyle concinna Scott, 1904. Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Scott 1904). Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray).


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Site of infection. Nasal cavity.

Genus Monocotyle Taschenberg, 1878

Monocotyle myliobatis Taschenberg, 1878 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Parona & Perugia 1890; Stossich 1898a; Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Taschenberg 1878; Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Sonsino 1891a). Host. Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) (common eagle ray). Site of infection. Gills. Subclass Polyopisthocotylea Odhner, 1912 Order Diclybothriidea Bychowsky, 1957

Family Hexabothriidae Price, 1942

Genus Erpocotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863

[Syn. Neoerpocotyle Price, 1942 ]

Erpocotyle laevis van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 Synonyms. Polystomum appendiculatum (Kuhn, 1829); Onchocotyle emarginata (Olsson, 1876); Squalonchocotyle vulgaris Cerfontaine, 1899. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Thaer 1850; Stossich 1882). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Taschenberg 1879; Zschokke 1887; Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Sonsino 1890); Northeast Atlantic (Llewellyn et al. 1984; Vassiliades 1985). Host. Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758) (tope shark), Heptranchias perlo (Bonnaterre, 1788) (sharpnose sevengill shark), Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (bluntnose sixgill shark), Mustelus asterias Cloquet, 1819 (starry smooth-hound), Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758) (smooth-hound), Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) (common eagle ray), Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758) (small-spotted catshark) Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Genus Hexabothrium Nordmann, 1840

[Syn. Onchocotyle Diesing, 1850 Acanthocotyle Cerfontaine, 1899]


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Hexabothrium appendiculatum (Kuhn, 1829) Synonyms. Polystoma appendiculata Kuhn, 1829; Acanthoncotyle appendiculatum (Kuhn, 1829); Hexabothrium canicula (Cerfontaine, 1899); Onchocotyle canicula (Cerfontaine, 1899). Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1882; Palombi 1949), South (Radujković 1986; (Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Thyrrhenian Sea (Guberlet 1933; Ulmer & James 1981; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998b; Di Cave et al. 2003; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Orrechia & Paggi 1978); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Maillard 1974); Northeast Atlantic (Cerfontaine 1899; Price 1942; Coupland 1962; Northeast Atlantic (Llewellyn et al. 1984). Host. Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758) (small-spotted catshark). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Hexabothrium canicula (Cerfontaine, 1899)

Synonyms. Onchocotyle appendiculatum (Kuhn) of Stossich, 1877; Acanthonchocotyle canicula Cerfontaine, 1899. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1882; 1898a; Palombi 1949). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Thyrrhenian Sea (Palombi 1949); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Cerfontaine 1899); Northeast Atlantic (Price 1942; Coupland 1962). Host. Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758) (small-spotted catshark). Site of infection. Gills.

Genus Rajonchocotyle Cerfontaine, 1899

Rajonchocotyle emarginata (Olsson, 1876)

Synonymns. Onchocotyle emarginata Olsson, 1876; Rajonchocotyloides emarginata (Olsson, 1876); Rajonchocotyle clavata Bracey in Sproston, 1946. Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ulmer & James 1981; Di Cave et al. 2003); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Maillard 1974); Northeast Atlantic (Olsson 1876; Llewellyn et al. 1984). Host. Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758 (thornback ray). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Rajonchocotyle prenanti (St. Remy, 1890)

Synonyms. Onchocotyle borealis Stossich, 1885 nec van Beneden, 1853; Onchocotyle prenanti St. Remy, 1890. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1885; Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a).


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Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Di Cave et al. 2003; Di Cave 2008). Host. Dipturus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758) (longnosed skate), Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758 (thornback ray). Site of infection. Gill filaments. Order Mazocraeidea Bychowsky, 1957

Family Allodiscocotylidae Tripathi, 1959

Genus Vallisia Parona & Perugia, 1890

Vallisia striata Parona & Perugia, 1890

Synonym. Octocotyle arcuata Sonsino, 1890. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1890a; Parona & Perugia 1890; Sonsino 1891b; Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Thyrrhenian Sea (Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Sonsino 1891b; Palombi 1949). Host. Lichia amia (Linnaeus, 1758) (leerfish). Site of infection. Gills.

Family Axinidae Unnithan, 1957

Genus Axine Abildgaard, 1794 [Syn. Cestracolpa Meserve, 1938]

Axine belones Abildgaard, 1794

Synonyms. Heteracanthus pedatus Diesing, 1836; Heteracanthus sagittatus Diesing, 1836; Axine platyura Creplin, 1839; Axine orphi van Beneden & Hesse, 1863. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1890a; 1898a; Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a), South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Sea of Marmara (Öktener 2005); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Palombi 1949; Ulmer & James 1981; Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008; Strona et al. 2010), Ligurian Sea (Parona 1902; Palombi 1949); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet 1955), Alboran Sea (Lopez-Roman 1973); Black Sea (Roman-Chiriac 1960); Northeast Atlantic (van Beneden 1856; Scott 1911; Nicoll 1914; Llewellyn 1956; Llewellyn et al. 1984). Host. Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761) (garfish). Site of infection. Gill filaments.


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Family Chauhaneidae Euzet & Trilles, 1960

Genus Cotyloatlantica Bravo-Hollis, 1984 [Syn. Chauhanea Ramalingam, 1953]

Cotyloatlantica mediterranea (Euzet & Trilles, 1960)

Synonym. Chauhanea mediterranea Euzet & Trilles, 1960; Pseudochauhanea mediterranea (Euzet & Trilles, 1960) Lebedev, 1969. Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ulmer & James 1981); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Trilles 1960). Host. Sphyraena sphyraena (Linnaeus, 1758) (European barracuda). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Family Diclidophoridae Fuhrmann, 1928 [Syn. Megaloncidae Yamaguti, 1958]

Genus Choricotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863

[Syn. Cyclocotyla Otto, 1821]

Choricotyle chrysophrii van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 Synonyms. Octobothrium chrysophryi Taschenberg, 1879; Choricotyle pagelli (Gallien, 1937); Cyclocotyla chrysophryi (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863) Price, 1943. Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza 2000a; 2013); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Jovelin & Justine 2001), Corsica (Ternengo et al. 2009); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Kaouachi et al. 2010); Northeast Atlantic (van Beneden & Hesse 1863; Gallien 1937; Llewellyn 1941; Llewellyn et al. 1984). Host. Diplodus sargus (Linnaeus, 1758) (white seabream), Pagellus acarne (Risso, 1827) (axillary seabream), Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (common pandora). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Genus Diclidophora Diesing, 1850 [Syn. Octodactylus Dalyell, 1853

Dactycotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 Dactylocotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863

Dacticotile Parona & Perugia, 1890 (emend.) Diclidophoroides Price, 1943]


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Diclidophora bellones (Otto, 1823) Synonyms. Octobothrium bellones (Otto, 1821); Cyclocotyla bellones Otto, 1823; Octobothrium merlangi (Kuhn, 1829); Octocotyle merlangi (Kuhn, 1829); Octobothrium smaris (Ijima, 1884); Diclidophora squillarum (Parona & Perugia, 1889); Mesocotyle squillarum Parona & Perugia, 1889; Octobothrium squillarum (Parona & Perugia, 1889); Dactylocotyle squillarum (Parona & Perugia, 1889); Cyclobothrium charcoti Dollfus, 1922. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1898a; Palombi 1949), South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Akmirza 1998a; Solak et al. 2007); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1889; 1890; Palombi 1949; Orecchia et al. 1985; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998b; Mariniello et al. 1999; Stoch 2003; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Taschenberg 1879; Monticelli 1890b; Goto 1894; Palombi 1943c; 1949; Orecchia & Paggi 1978); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Trilles 1961; Trilles 1968), Balearic Sea (Fernandez-Jover et al. 2010), Alboran Sea (Lopez-Roman 1973), Monaco (Dollfus 1922); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914). Host. Emetha audouini (H. Milne Edwards, 1840) in Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (picarel). Site of infection. On the surface of isopod parasite in buccal cavity of fish.

Diclidophora minor (Olsson, 1876)

Synonym. Octobothrium minus Olsson, 1876. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Paggi et al. 1998b), Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Orecchia & Paggi 1978); Southwest Mediterranean: Moroccan coast (Euzet & Vala 1975); East Atlantic: Maroccan coast (Euzet & Vala 1975); Northeast Atlantic (Llewellyn et al. 1984). Host. Micromesistius poutassou (Risso, 1827) (blue whiting). Site of infection. Gills.

Diclidophora phycidis (Parona & Perugia, 1889)

Synonym. Dactylocotyle phycidis Parona & Perugia, 1889). Findings in the Adriatic. North (Paggi et al. 1998b). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998b; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Palombi 1949; Orecchia & Paggi 1978); Southwest Mediterranean: Moroccan coast (Euzet & Vala 1975); East Atlantic: Maroccan coast (Euzet & Vala 1975); Northeast Atlantic (Llewellyn et al. 1984). Host. Trisopterus minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) (poor cod). Site of infection. Gills.


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Genus Diclidophoropsis Gallien, 1937

Diclidophoropsis taschenbergii (Parona & Perugia, 1889) – new for Adriatic Synonyms. Choricotyle taschenbergi Parona & Perugia, 1889; Octobothrium taschenbergi (Parona & Perugia) Braun, 1890; Dactylocotyle (Choricotyle) taschenbergi (Parona & Perugia, 1892). Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Palombi 1949). Host. Diplodus sargus (Linnaeus, 1758) (white seabream). Site of infection. Gills.

Family Discocotylidae Price, 1936 [Syn. Anthocotylidae Bychowsky, 1957

Bicotylophoridae Amato, 1994]

Genus Anthocotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863

Anthocotyle merluccii (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863) Synonym. Anthocotyle merlucii americanum McCallum, 1919. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Paggi et al. 1998b; Parukhin 1989), South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Sea of Marmara (Oguz 1995a), Aegean Sea, Saronikos Bay (Papoutsoglou 1976), Gökçeada (Akmirza 2013); Central Mediterranean: Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1890; Sonsino 1890; Palombi 1949; Orecchia & Paggi 1978), Tyrrhenian Sea (Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Bastide-Guillame 1986); Southwest Mediterranean: Moroccan coast (Euzet & Vala 1975); East Atlantic: Maroccan coast (Euzet & Vala 1975) Northeast Atlantic: Belgium (van Beneden & Hesse 1863; Llewellyn et al. 1984), French coast (Cerfontaine 1895), Aberdeen (Scott 1901), Irland (Rees & Llewellyn 1941); Southeast Atlantic (Euzet & Vala 1975); Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Stafford 1904), Woods Hole (McCallum 1916; Linton 1940). Host. Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) (European hake). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Family Gastrocotylidae Price, 1943

Genus Gastrocotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863

Gastrocotyle trachuri van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 Synonym. Gastrocotyle japonica Ishii & Sawada, 1938.


43

Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998b; Di Cave 2008; Strona et al. 2010), Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1890; Palombi 1949; Orecchia & Paggi 1978); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Jovelin & Justine 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Moroccan coast (Euzet & Vala 1975); East Atlantic: Maroccan coast (Euzet & Vala 1975); Northeast Atlantic (Llewellyn et al. 1984). Host. Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868) (Mediterranean horse mackerel). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Genus Pseudaxine Parona & Perugia, 1890

Pseudaxine trachuri Parona & Perugia, 1890

Findings in the Adriatic. North (Paggi et al. 1998b), South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Akmirza 1998b; 2013); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008; Strona et al. 2010), Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1890; Palombi 1949; Orecchia & Paggi 1978); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Jovelin & Justine 2001), Balearic Sea (Fernandez-Jover et al. 2010), Alboran Sea (Lopez-Roman 1973); Northeast Atlantic (Llewellyn et al. 1984). Host. Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868) (Mediterranean horse mackerel). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Family Heteraxinidae Unnithan, 1957 [Syn. Cemocotylidae Yamaguti, 1963]

Genus Heteraxine Yamaguti, 1938

Heteraxine seriolae (Ishii, 1936) – new for Adriatic

Synonym. Axine seriolae Ishii, 1936. Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper). Distribution. Mediterranean (Euzet et al. 1993). Host. Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810) (greater amberjack). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Family Hexostomatidae Price, 1936

Genus Hexostoma Rafinesque, 1815

[Syn. Hexacotyle Blainville, 1828 Plagiopeltis Diesing, 1850]


44

Hexostoma thynni (Delaroche, 1811) Synonyms. Hexacotyle thynni Delaroche, 1811; Plagiopeltis duplicata Diesing, 1850; Hexostoma euthynni Meserve, 1938; Hexostoma auxisi Palombi, 1943. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Monticelli 1890b; Palombi 1949). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Palombi 1949; Ulmer & James 1981; Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Palombi 1943d; 1949), Sardinia Sea (Palombi 1949). Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna). Site of infection. Gills.

Family Mazocraeidae Price, 1936

Genus Grubea Diesing, 1858

[Syn. Pleurocotyle Gervais & van Beneden, 1859 Pleurocotylus Gervais & van Beneden, 1859]

Grubea cochlear Diesing, 1858 – new for Adriatic

Synonyms. Octobothrium scombri Grube, 1855; Pleurocotyle scombri van Beneden & Hesse, 1863; Grubea scombri van Beneden & Hesse, 1864. Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998b; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Palombi 1949; Orrechia & Paggi 1978); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Mollaret et al. 2000; Jovelin & Justine 2001); Northeast Atlantic (Rego et al. 1985; Rohde 1987); Northwest Atlantic (Jessen 1975); Southeast Atlantic (Solonchenko 1968); Southwest Atlantic (Rohde 1987); Southeast Pacific (Rohde 1987); Indian Ocean (Mamaev 1982). Host. Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic mackerel). Site of infection. Gills.

Genus Kuhnia Sproston, 1945 [Syn. Mazocraes Hermann, 1782, partim

Octobothrium Leuckart, 1827, partim Octostoma Kuhn, 1829, partim, preoccupied

Octocotyle Diesing, 1850, partim Octoplectanum Diesing, 1858, partim]

Kuhnia scombri (Kuhn, 1829)

Synonyms. Octostoma scombri Kuhn, 1829; Mazocraes scombri (Kuhn, 1829); Octocotyle truncata Diesing, 1850; Octobothrium scombri (Kuhn, 1829) Nordmann,


45

1852; Octoplectanum trunvatum (Diesing, 1850) Diesing, 1858; Octocotyle scombri (Kuhn, 1829) van Beneden & Hesse, 1864. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1892; 1898a; Palombi 1949), South (this paper). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Akmirza 1997; 2013); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998b; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Palombi 1949); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Mollaret et al. 2000); Northeast Atlantic (Llewellyn et al. 1984); Northwest Atlantic (Brunel et al. 1998); Southwest Pacific: Australia, New Zealand (Hine et al. 2009). Host. Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 (chub mackerel), Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic mackerel). Site of infection. Gills.

Kuhnia sprostonae Price, 1961 – new for Adriatic Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Rohde & Watson 1985); Southwest Mediterranean: Morocco (Rohde & Watson 1985), Gulf of Tunis (Rohde & Watson 1985); Northeast Atlantic (Rohde & Watson 1985; Bray 2001); Southwest Atlantic (Rohde & Watson 1985); Southwest Pacific, Australia (Rohde 1989; Hayward et al. 1998). Host. Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 (chub mackerel), Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic mackerel). Site of infection. Gills.

Genus Taurimazocraes Mamaev, 1982

Taurimazocraes markevitschi (Nikolaeva & Pogorel’tseva, 1965) — new for

Mediterranean and Adriatic Synonym. Pseudanthocotyle markewitschi Nikolaeva & Pogorel’tseva, 1965. Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper). Distribution. Black Sea (Nikolaeva & Pogorel’tseva 1965). Host. Engraulis encrasicholus (Linnaeus, 1758) (European anchovy). Site of infection. Gills.

Family Microcotylidae Taschenberg, 1879

Genus Aspinatrium Yamaguti, 1963

Aspinatrium trachini (Parona & Perugia, 1889) Synonyms. Microcotyle trachini Parona & Perugia, 1889; Microcotyle draconis Briot, 1904.


46

Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza 2004; 2013); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1889; Palombi 1949); Northwest Mediterranean: Alboran Sea (López-Roman 1973; López-Roman & Guevara Pozo 1973); Northeast Atlantic (Briot 1904; Nicoll 1914; Llewellyn et al. 1984). Host. Trachinus draco Linnaeus, 1758 (greater weever), Trachinus radiatus Cuvier, 1829 (starry weever) – new host. Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Genus Atrispinum Maillard & Noisy, 1979

Atrispinum acarne Maillard & Noisy, 1979

Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Akmirza 2013); Central Mediterranean: Ligurian Sea (Orecchia & Paggi 1978); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Maillard & Noisy 1979; Jovelin & Justine 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Kaouachi et al. 2010). Host. Pagellus acarne (Risso, 1827) (axillary seabream). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Atrispinum salpae (Parona & Perugia, 1890) Synonyms. Microcotyle salpae Parona & Perugia, 1890; Microcotyle sargi Parona & Perugia, 1889; Vulvostella sargi (Parona & Perugia, 1899). Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Akmirza 2013); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Orecchia et al. 1998a; Paggi et al. 1998b; Mariniello et al. 1999; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1890; Palombi 1949; Orecchia & Paggi 1978); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Maillard 1973; Noisy 1978), Alboran Sea (López-Roman & Guevara Pozo 1973); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Kaouachi et al. 2010), Gulf of Tunis (Ktari 1969). Host. Sarpa salpa (Linnaeus, 1758) (salema). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Atrispinum seminalis (Euzet & Maillard, 1973) Synonym. Atriaster seminalis Euzet & Maillard, 1973. Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Akmirza 2013); Central Mediterranean: Tyrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Paggi & Orecchia 1978); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Mailard 1973;


47

Noisy 1978), Corsica (Ternengo et al. 2009); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Kaouachi et al. 2012). Host. Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) (common two-banded seabream), Diplodus sargus (Linnaeus, 1758) (white seabream) – new host. Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Genus Bivagina Yamaguti, 1963

Bivagina alcedinis (Parona & Perugia, 1889)

Synonym. Microcotyle alcedinis Parona & Perugia, 1889. Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza 2013); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a), Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1889; 1890; Palombi 1949); Northwest Mediterranean: Alboran Sea (López-Roman & Guevara Pozo 1973). Host. Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (picarel). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Genus Metamicrocotyla Yamaguti, 1953

Metamicrocotyla cephalus (Azim, 1939)

Synonym. Microcotyle cephalus Azim, 1939. Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Orecchia & Paggi 1978); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Combes 1969); Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt coast (Azim 1939). Host. Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1826) (thicklip grey mullet), Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 (flathead grey mullet). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Genus Microcotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863

[Syn. Caenomicrocotyle Unnithan, 1971]

Microcotyle donavini van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (van Beneden & Hesse 1863; Scott 1905; Sproston 1946; Euzet & Marc 1963; Llewellyn et al. 1984). Host. Symphodus mediterraneus (Linnaeus, 1758) (axillary wrasse). Site of infection. Gill filaments.


48

Microcotyle erythrini van Beneden & Hese, 1863 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998b), South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza 1998a; 2000a; 2001; 2013); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Parona 1912; Palombi 1949; Ulmer & James 1981; Orecchia et al. 1985; Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008; Strona et al. 2010), Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1890; Palombi 1949; Paggi & Orecchia 1978); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet 1957; Jovelin & Justine 2001), Corsica (Ternengo et al. 2009), Balearic Sea (Fernandez-Jover et al. 2010), Alboran Sea (López-Roman 1973; López-Roman & Guevara Pozo 1973); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Kaouachi et al. 2010); Northeast Atlantic (van Beneden & Hesse 1863). Host. Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (common pandora). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Microcotyle sebastis Goto, 1894 Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Southwest Mediterranean: Moroccan coast (Euzet & Vala 1975); East Atlantic: Maroccan coast (Euzet & Vala 1975); Northwest Pacific (Goto 1894); Northeast Pacific (Bonham & Guberlet 1937). Host. Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809) (blackbelly rosefish). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Genus Neobivagina Dillon & Hargis, 1965

[Syn. Bivulvostella Unnithan, 1971]

Neobivagina canthari (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863) Synonym. Microcotyle canthari van Beneden & Hesse, 1863. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1898a; Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1890). Host. Spondyliosoma cantharus (Linnaeus, 1758) (black seabream). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Genus Pagellicotyle Mamaev, 1984

Pagellicotyle mormyri (Lorenz, 1878)

Synonyms. Atrispinum mormyri (Lorenz, 1878); Microcotyle mormyri Lorenz, 1878. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Lorenz 1878; Stossich 1898a; Palombi 1949; Orecchia & Paggi 1983; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998b), South (this paper).


49

Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ulmer & James 1981; Orecchia & Paggi 1983; Orecchia et al. 1985; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998b; Stoch 2003), Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1889; 1890; Palombi 1949); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Jovelin & Justine 2001), Alboran Sea (López-Roman & Guevara Pozo 1973). Host. Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (gilthead seabream), Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) (sand steenbras). Site of infection. Gills.

Genus Polylabris Euzet & Cauwet, 1967

[Syn. Prostatomicrocotyla Yamaguti, 1968]

Polylabris tubicirrus (Paperna & Kohn, 1964) Synonyms. Microcotyloides tubicirrus Paperna & Kohn, 1964; Polylabris diplodi Euzet & Cauwet, 1967. Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Athanassopoulou et al. 2005), Ligurian Sea (Silan et al. 1985); Northwest Mediterranen: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Cauwet 1967), Alboran Sea (López-Roman 1973; López-Roman & Guevara Pozo 1973); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Kaouachi et al. 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Paperna & Kohn 1964). Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream), Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) (common two-banded seabream). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Genus Serranicotyle Maillard, Euzet & Silan, 1988

Serranicotyle labracis (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863)

Synonyms. Microcotyle labracis van Beneden & Hesse, 1863; Atrispinum labracis (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863). Findings in the Adriatic. North (Parona & Perugia 1890; 1890b; Stossich 1898a; Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a; Stoch 2003), South (this paper). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Stoch 2003; Di Cave 2008); Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1890); Northeast Atlantic (Llewellyn et al. 1984). Host. Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) (European seabass). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Genus Solostamenides Unnithan, 1971


50

Solostamenides mugilis (Vogt, 1878) Synonym. Microcotyle mugilis Vogt, 1878. Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Sea of Marmara (Sezen & Price 1967; Oguz 1995a), Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Orecchia et al. 1998b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1890; Palombi 1949), Sardinia Sea (Merella & Garippa 2001); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Combes 1969), Alboran Sea (López-Roman & Guevara Pozo 1973); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian lagoons (Yemmen et al. 2012); Black Sea (Roman-Chiriac 1960); Northeast Atlantic (Vogt 1878); Northwest Pacific (Yamaguti 1938a). Host. Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1826) (thicklip grey mullet), Liza ramada (Risso, 1826) (thinlip grey mullet), Liza saliens (Risso, 1810) (leaping mullet). Site of infection. Gill filaments.

Genus Sparicotyle Mamaev, 1984

Sparicotyle chrysophrii (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863)

Synonym. Microcotyle chrysophrii van Beneden & Hesse, 1863. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1891; 1898a; Parona & Perugia 1890; Bona et al. 1995a), Central (Mladineo 2004*; 2006a*; Mladineo et al. 2010*); South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989; Palombi 1949, Caffara et al. 1998; Adžić, 2010*). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Tokşen 1999; Vagianou et al. 2006); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Orecchia et al. 1998a; Cognetti-Varriale & Baroncelli 1998; Mariniello et al. 2000; Athanassopoulou et al. 2005; De Vico et al. 2008; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1890; Palombi 1949; Orecchia & Paggi 1978); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet 1958; Euzet & Noisy 1981; Jovelin & Justine 2001); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast, Eilat (Paperna et al. 1977); Northeast Atlantic (van Beneden & Hesse 1863). Host. Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (gilthead seabream). Site of infection. Gill filaments. Remark. * In aquaculture: Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (gilthead seabream), Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777) (sharpsnout seabream), Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) (european seabass).

Family Plectanocotylidae Monticelli, 1903

Genus Plectanocotyle Diesing, 1850 [Syn. Plectanophorus Diesing, 1858


51

Phyllocotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 Platycotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863]

Plectanocotyle gurnardi (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863)

Synonyms. Phyllocotyle gurnardi van Beneden & Hesse, 1863; Platycotyle gurnardi van Beneden & Hesse, 1863; Plectanocotyle lorenzii Monticelli, 1899; Plectanocotyle caudata Lebour, 1908. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Monticelli 1899; Palombi 1949), South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza 2013); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Stoch 2003; Di Cave 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Jovelin & Justine 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Tunis (Ktari 1971); Black Sea (Bychowsky 1957; Chiriac 1977); Northeast Atlantic (van Beneden & Hesse 1863; T. Scott 1901; A. Scott 1904; Sproston 1946; Llewellyn et al. 1984). Host. Trigloporus lastoviza (Bonnaterre, 1788) (streaked gurnard). Site of infection. Gill filaments. Class Trematoda Rudolphi, 1808 Subclass Digenea Carus, 1863 Order Diplostomida Olson, Cribb, Tkach, Bray & Littlewood, 2003 Superfamily Diplostomoidea Poirier, 1886 [Syn. Strigeoidea Railliet, 1919]

Family Strigeidae Raillet, 1919 [Syn. Neostrigeidae Bisseru, 1956]

Genus Ichthyocotylurus Odening, 1969

Ichthyocotylurus pileatus (Rudolphi, 1802) – new for Adriatic

Synonyms. Festucaria pileatus (Rudolphi, 1802); Cotylurus pileatus (Rudolphi, 1802); Tetracotyle variegata (Creplin, 1825); Tetracotyle ovata Linstow, 1877. Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper); Montenegrin freshwaters: Adriatic Sea drainage basin (Kažić 1970; Knežević et al. 1978; Ubelaker et al. 1981). Distribution. European freshwaters: Great Britain, France, Germany, Finland, Netherland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Hungary, Romania, Poland, Ukraine, Serbia, Switzerland, Italy, (Fauna Europea 2004), Bulgaria (Kirin 2001), Czech Republic (Sitko 1993), Russia (Radchenko 1996; Dorovskikh 1997; Pugachev 2000). Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel). Site of infection. Intestine wall, encysted as metacercaria.


52

Remark. As catadromous fish, the eel was infected, probably, in freshwater. Superfamily Schistosomatoidea Stiles & Hassall, 1898

Family Aporocotylidae Odhner, 1912 [Syn. Sanguinicolidae von Graff, 1907

Cardicolinae Yamaguti, 1958 Deontacylicinae Yamaguti, 1958

Psettariinae Yamaguti, 1958 Paracardicolinae Yamaguti, 1970

Chimaerohemecinae Yamaguti, 1971]

Genus Cardicola Short, 1953

Cardicola forsteri Cribb, Daintith & Munday, 2000 Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo & Tudor 2004*; Mladineo 2006a*). Distribution. Atlantic, Pacific, Hawaiian waters and South China Sea (Smith 2002); Southeast Indian Ocean (Cribb et al. 2000; Colquitt et al. 2001). Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna). Site of infection. Gills, heart, kidney. Remark. * Aquaculture.

Order Plagiorchiida La Rue, 1957 Superfamily Allocreadioidea Looss, 1902 [Syn. Opecoeloidea Ozaki, 1925; Podocotyloidea Dollfus, 1960]

Family Acanthocolpidae Lühe, 1906 [Syn. Pleorchiidae Poche, 1926

Acanthopsolinae Ward, 1938 Neophasiinae Dollfus, 1953

Stephanostominae Yamaguti, 1958]

Genus Lepidauchen Nicoll, 1913

Lepidauchen stenostoma Nicoll, 1913 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989).


53

Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Akmirza 2000a); Central Mediteranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Prévot 1968; Sasal et al. 1999), Corsica (Bray & Bartoli 1996; Bartoli et al. 2005b), Balearic Sea (Campos et al. 1991; Campos 1993; Campos & Carbonell 1994), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1913; 1914; Sproston 1939); Northwest Atlantic (Bray & Bartoli 1996); West Atlantic, Venezuelan coast (Nasir & Gomez 1977); Southwest Atlantic, Brasilian Coast (Fabio 1981). Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream), Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) (sand steenbras), Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (common pandora), Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) (East Atlantic peacock wrasse). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Pleorchis Railliet, 1896

[Syn. Parapleorchis Al-Yamani & Nahhas, 1981 Polyorchis Stossich, 1888]

Pleorchis polyorchis (Stossich, 1889)

Synonym. Distomum polyorchis Stossich, 1889. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1889; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b); West Mediterranean (Holmes & Bartoli 1993); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b; Bray et al. 2005; Barnett at al. 2010); Southwest Mediteranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); Northeast Atlantic (Bartoli et al. 2004). Host. Sciaena umbra Linnaeus, 1758 (brown meagre). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Stephanostomum Looss, 1899 [Syn. Stephanochasmus Looss, 1900

Lechradena Linton, 1910 Echinostephanus Yamaguti, 1934

Critovitellarium Vigueras, 1942 Monorchistephanostomum Vigueras, 1942

Neostephanostomum Vigueras, 1955]

Stephanostomum bicoronatum (Stossich, 1883) Synonym. Distomum bicoronatum Stossich, 1883. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1883; Looss 1901; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008).


54

Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Akmirza 2001), Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Fuhrmann 1928; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli & Bray 2001; Bartoli et al. 2005b; Bray et al. 2005; Barnett at al. 2010); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Anato et al. 1991); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980); Black Sea (Zernov 1913; Korniychuk 1997; Bartoli & Bray 2001); Northeast Atlantic (Bartoli & Bray 2001; Lozano et al. 2001); East Atlantic (Vassiliades 1985); North Indian Ocean (Bartoli & Bray 2001); West Pacific (Shen 1989; Bartoli & Bray 2001); East China Sea, Yellow Sea (Wang 1989; Shen 1990a); Southwest Pacific, Australia (Bray & Cribb 2003). Host. Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (shi drum). Site of infection. Intestine.

Stephanostomum caducum (Looss, 1901) Synonyms. Stephanochasmus caducum Looss, 1901; Stephanochasmus caducus var. lusci Nicoll, 1914. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1901; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Hemmingsen & MacKenzie 2001; Klimpel et al. 2003). Host. Trisopterus minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) (poor cod), Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus, 1758 (angler). Site of infection. Intestine.

Stephanostomum cesticillum (Molin, 1858)

Synonyms. Distoma cesticillum Molin, 1858; Stephanostomum cesticillus (Molin, 1858); Echinostomum cesticillus (Molin, 1858); Stephanochasmus cesticillus (Molin, 1858). Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1883; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1970; Jardas & Hristovski 1985; Hristovski & Jardas 1991; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Ionian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008), Tyrrhenian Sea (Molin 1858; Looss 1901b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli & Bray 2001; Bartoli et al. 2005b; Bray et al. 2005; Barnett at al. 2010); Black Sea (Zernov 1913); Azov Sea (Domnich & Sarabeev 2000a); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914); Southeast Atlantic (Parukhin 1966); Indian Ocean (Saoud et al. 2002). Host. Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus, 1758 (angler). Site of infection. Intestine.


55

Stephanostomum minutum (Looss, 1901) Synonyms. Stephanochasmus minutum Looss, 1901; Stephanostomum sentum (Linton, 1910) Manter, 1947. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1901; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli & Bray 2001; Bartoli et al. 2005b; Bray et al. 2005; Barnett at al. 2010), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Black Sea (Tepe et al. 2014). Host. Uranoscopus scaber Linnaeus, 1758 (stargazer). Site of infection. Intestine.

Stephanostomum pristis (Deslongchamps, 1824)

Synonyms. Distoma pristis Deslongchamps, 1824; Echinostoma pristis (Deslongchamps) Dujardin, 1845; Stephanochasmus pristis (Deslongchamps) Looss, 1901. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1886; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Mediterranean (Ninni 1900); Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli & Bray 2001; Bartoli et al. 2005b; Bray et al. 2005; Ternengo et al. 2009; Barnett at al. 2010), Balearic Sea (Grau et al. 1999); Black Sea (Bartoli & Bray 2001); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Quintero-Alonso et al. 1988; Palm et al. 1999; Bartoli & Bray 2001; Gaevskaya 2001; Hemmingsen & MacKenzie 2001); Southwest Pacific: New Zealand coast (Bartoli & Bray 2001). Host. Trisopterus minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) (poor cod). Site of infection. Intestine.

Family Allocreadiidae Looss, 1902

Genus Crepidostomum Braun, 1900

[Syn. Crepidastomum Pratt, 1902 Acrodactyla Stafford, 1904

Stephanophiala Nicoll, 1909 Acrolichanus Ward, 1917]

Crepidostomum farionis (Müler, 1784) – new for Adriatic

Synonyms. Fasciola farionis Müler, 1784; Fasciola truttae Frölich, 1789; Distoma laureatum Zeder, 1800; Fasciola laureata (Zeder, 1800); Distoma farionis Blanchard, 1891; Crepidostomum laureatum Braun, 1900; Stephanophiala vitelloba Faust, 1918; Crepidostomum vitellobus Hopkins, 1931; Crepidostomum farionis Linton, 1940.


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Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper); Montenegrin freshwaters: Adriatic and Black Sea drainage basin (Kažić 1970; 1978; 1988; Ubelaker et al. 1981). Distribution. European freshwaters: England (Hartvigsen & Halvorsen 1993; Hartvigsen & Kennedy 1993; Borgsteede et al. 1999; Kennedy et al. 1991; Kennedy 1993; Kennedy & Bush 1994), Ireland (Conneely & McCarthy 1988; Molloy et al. 1995; Holland & Kennedy 1997; Byrne et al. 1999; Byrne et al. 2000; Byrne et al. 2002; Byrne et al. 2003), Scotland (Dörücü et al. 1995), Iceland (Frandsen et al. 1989), Greenland (Due & Curtis 1995), Finland (Gibson & Valtonen 1988; Rahkonen & Valtonen 1989; Ieshko & Shulman 1995; 2001; Barskaya et al. 2000), Norway (Bristow 1993; Knudsen 1995; Bristow et al. 1996; Knudsen et al. 1997; Mo et al. 1998; Sterud 1999; Larsen & Lund 2000; Ieshko et al. 2001), Germany (Caira 1989), Poland (Rokicki et al. 1998a; Popiolek 2001), Czech Republic (Sindlerova et al. 1996; Moravec 2002; 2003), Slovakia (Žitňan 1960; Bastl 1992), Russia (Kashkovskii 1984; Permyakov & Rumyantsev 1984; Rumyantsev et al. 1984; Mitenev et al. 1985; Ermolenko & Butorina 1988; Butorina & Shedko 1989; Rumyantsev et al. 1998; Ermolenko 1994; Dorovskikh 1997; Ermolenko et al. 1999; Baldanova 2000; Rusinek & Dzuba 2002), Turkey (Caira 1989). North American freshwaters (Mpoame & Rinne 1984; Heckmann & Ching 1987; Curtis 1988; 1995; Dechtiar & Lawrie 1988; Dechtiar et al. 1988; Dechtiar et al. 1989; Szalai & Dick 1988; Caira 1989; Baggs & Cowan 1989; Bouillon & Dempson 1989; Wright et al. 1989; Albert & Curtis 1991; Marcogliese & Cone 1991; Wright & Curtis 1991; Muzzall 1995; Kolasa & Curtis 1995; Curtis et al. 1995; Dubois et al. 1996; Carney & Dick 1999; Muzzall & Bowen 2002; Baldwin & Goater 2003; Muzal et al. 2003); Japan freshwaters (Nagasawa et al. 1987; Shimazu 1988; 1990; 1994). Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel). Site of infection. Intestine. Remark. As catadromous fish, the eel was infected, probably, in freshwater.

Family Opecoelidae Ozaki, 1925 [Syn. Coitocaecidae Ozaki, 1929

Notoporidae Yamaguti, 1938 Podocotylidae Dollfus, 1960]

Genus Allopodocotyle Pritchard, 1966

Allopodocotyle pedicellata (Stossich, 1887)

Synonyms. Distomum pedicellata Stossich, 1887; Podocotyle pedicellatum (Stossich, 1887) Stossich, 1898. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1887; 1898a; Bona et al. 1995b; Paradižnik 2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Janiszewska 1953; Bona et al. 1995b), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989).


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Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza 2000a), Ionian Sea, Sicilia (Barbagallo & Drago 1903); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008), Sardinia (Mariniello et al. 2000); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Maillard 1976; Sasal et al. 1999), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 1989a; Jousson et al. 1999; Bartoli et al. 2005b); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a; Derbel et al. 2012); East Mediterranean: Lebanon coast (Saad-Farès 1985). Host. Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (gilthead seabream). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Bathycreadium Kabata, 1961

Bathycreadium elongata (Maillard, 1970) Synonym. Nicolla elongata Maillard, 1970. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Maillard 1970), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b). Host. Gaidropsarus vulgaris (Cloquet, 1824) (three-bearded rockling). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Cainocreadium Nicoll, 1909

[Apopodocotyle Pritchard, 1966]

Cainocreadium labracis (Dujardin, 1845) Synonyms. Distomum (Dicrocoelium) labracis Dujardin, 1845; Distoma verrucosum Molin, 1859 nec Porier, 1885; Distoma receptaculum Cobbold, 1860; Cercaria cotylura Pagenstecher, 1862; Distomum (Echinostoma) labracis of van Beneden, 1871; Distomum atomon (Rudolphi) of Stossich 1887 (see Odhner, 1901); Dicrocoelium labracis Parona 1899; Allocreadium labracis (Dujardin, 1845) Odhner, 1901; Distomum (Dicrocoelium) verrucosum (Molin, 1859) Yamaguti, 1971. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Molin 1859; Stossich 1886b; 1887; 1898a; 1905; Odhner 1901; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Janiszewska 1953; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976), Ionian Sea, Sicilia (Barbagallo & Drago 1903); Central Mediterranean: Tyrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Parona 1899b; Stossich 1905; Orecchia & Paggi 1978; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Pagenstecher, 1862; Maillard 1976; Sasal et al. 1999; Jousson & Bartoli 2001), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 1989b; Jousson et al. 1999; Jousson & Bartoli 2001; Bartoli et al. 2005b), Alboran Sea (Lopez-Roman & Guevara-Pozo 1977;


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Fernandez et al. 1988); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1982), Lebanon coast (Saad-Farès 1985); Black Sea (Osmanov 1940; Nikolaeva & Solonchenko 1970; Bartoli et al. 1989b); Northeast Atlantic (Dujardin 1845; Johnstone 1908; Nicoll 1914; Bartoli et al. 1989b; Orge et al. 2000), East Atlantic (Fernandez et al. 1988). Host. Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758) (common dentex), Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) (European seabass). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Helicometra Odhner, 1902

[Syn. Stenopera Manter, 1963 Allostenopera Baeva, 1968]

Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)

Synonyms. Distoma fasciatum Rudolphi, 1819; Distomum pulchellum Rudolphi, 1819; Dicrocoelium fasciatum (Rudolphi, 1819); Distoma sinuatum Rudolphi, 1819; Helicometra pulchella (Rudolphi, 1819); Helicometra sinuata (Rudolphi, 1819); Distoma gobii Stossich, 1883; Distomum labri Stossich, 1886; Helicometra labri (Stossich, 1886); Allocreadium fasciatum (Rudolphi, 1819) Odhner, 1901; Allocreadium labri (Stossich) of Odhner, 1901; Allocreadium sinuatum (Rudolphi, 1819) Odhner, 1901; Helicometra pulchella (Rudolphi, 1819) Odhner, 1902; Loborchis mutabilis Stossich, 1902; Distoma (Dicrocoelium) pulchellum of Barbagallo & Drago, 1903; Helicometra mutabilis (Stossich, 1902) Stossich, 1903; Helicometra flava Stossich, 1903; Helicometra gobii (Stossich, 1883) Stossich, 1904; Allocreadium alacre Stossich of Palombi, 1929. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Stossich 1883; 1886; 1889; 1901; 1902; 1903; Palombi 1929; Bona et al. 1995b; Dezfuli et al. 1997; Di Cave et al. 2001; Paradižnik 1991b; 2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007a; 2007b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Janiszewska 1953; Sey 1970; Jardas & Hristovski 1985; Hristovski & Jardas 1991; Di Cave et al. 2001; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Ergens 1960; Radujkovic & Raibaut 1989; Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Sea of Marmara (Oguz 1995b), Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza 2000a; 2001; 2004), Ionian Sea, Sicilia (Barbagallo & Drago 1903); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Rudolphi 1819; Palombi 1931; Bona et al. 1995b; Arculeo et al. 1997; Figus et al. 2005; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Willemoes-Suhm 1871; Parona 1902; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Sardinia (Culurgioni et al. 2006); West Mediterranean (Naidenova & Mordvinova 1997); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Mathias 1934; Timon-David 1937; Maillard & Aussel 1988; Reversat et al. 1991a; 1991b; Reversat & Silan 1991; 1993; Bartoli & Boudouresque 1997; Sasal et al. 1999); Corsica (Jousson et al. 1999; Ternengo et al. 2009), Balearic Sea (Campos et al. 1991; Campos & Carbonell 1994; Levron et al. 2003;), Alboran Sea (Outeiral et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast


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(Derbel et al. 2012); Black Sea (Osmanov 1940; Pogorel’tseva 1952b; Dolgikh & Naidenova 1968; Naidenova & Dolgikh 1969; Nikolaeva & Solonchenko 1970; Machkevsky 1990; Machkevsky et al. 1996; Korniychuk & Gaevskaya 1999; Korniychuk 1997; 1999; 2000; 2001b; Gaevskaya 2002a; Tepe et al. 2014); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Bray 1973; Vassiliades 1985; Santos & Eiras 1995; Treasurer 1997; Paniagua et al. 1999); Southeast Atlantic (Parukhin 1966); West Pacific (Bray & Cribb 1989; Lester & Sewell 1989); Australian coast (Rigby et al. 1997); East Pacific (Oliva & Munoz 1985; Campos et al. 1991; Luque et al. 1991; Tantalean et al. 1992; Luque & Oliva 1993; Luque 1994; Oliva & Luque 1998; 2002; Oliva et al. 1990); South China Sea (Wang et al. 1992); Persian Gulf (Kalantan et al. 1992). Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel), Carapus acus (Brünnich, 1768) (pearl fish), Chelidonichthys lucerna (Linnaeus, 1758) (tub gurnard), Cichlasoma bimaculatum (Linnaeus, 1758) (black acara), Conger conger (Linnaeus, 1758) (European conger), Coris julis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mediterranean rainbow wrasse), Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758 (black goby), Labrus bergylta Ascanius, 1767 (ballan wrasse), Labrus merula Linnaeus, 1758 (brown wrasse), Labrus mixtus Linnaeus, 1758 (cuckoo wrasse), Lepidotrigla cavillone (Lacepède, 1801) (large-scaled gurnard), Microchirus variegatus (Donovan, 1808) (thickback sole), Monochirus hispidus Rafinesque, 1814 (whiskered sole), Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) (round goby), Ophidion barbatum Linnaeus, 1758 (snake blenny), Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic mackerel), Scorpaena notata Rafinesque, 1810 (small red scorpionfish), Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758 (black scorpionfish), Serranus cabrilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (comber), Serranus hepatus (brown comber), Serranus scriba (Linnaeus, 1758) (painted comber), Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (grey wrasse), Symphodus mediterraneus (Linnaeus, 1758) (axillary wrasse), Symphodus roissali (Risso, 1810) (five-spotted wrasse), Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) (East Atlantic peacock wrasse), Trachinus draco Linnaeus, 1758 (greater weever), Trigla lyra Linnaeus, 1758 (piper gurnard). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Macvicaria Gibson & Bray, 1982 [Syn. Cryptacetabulum Shalaby & Hassanine, 1997]

Macvicaria alacris (Looss, 1901)

Synonyms. Distomum alacre Looss, 1901; Plagioporus alacris (Looss, 1901); Lebouria alacris (Looss) of Nicoll, 1910; Distomum sp. Johnstone, 1927. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1901; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1970). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Bartoli & Boudouresque 1997; Sasal et al. 1999), Corsica


60

(Jousson et al. 1999; Bartoli et al. 2000b; Bartoli et al. 2005b); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Gibson & Bray 1982; Treasurer 1991; 1997; Palm et al. 1999). Host. Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (grey wrasse), Symphodus mediterraneus (Linnaeus, 1758) (axillary wrasse). Site of infection. Intestine.

Macvicaria crassigula (Linton, 1910) Synonyms. Lebourua crassigula Linton, 1910; Plagioporus crassigulus (Linton, 1810) Price, 1934; Pachycreadium crassigulum (Linton, 1910) Manter, 1954; (?) Distomum obovatum of Stossich (1989; 1898); Plagioporus sp. of Ergens (1960); (?) Plagioporus varicus [sic] of Sey (1970) in part; Plagioporus varicus of Parukhin (1976) in part; (?) Plagioporus alacer of Papoutsoglou (1976) in part; Plagioporus idoneus of Sey (1970) in part; Fischthal (1980) in part; (?) Plagioporus idoneus of Papoutsoglou (1976) in part; Parukhin (1968; 1976) in part; Pachycreadium obovatum of Bray (1987) in part. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1889; 1898a; Bona et al. 1995b), Central (Sey 1970; Bray 1987; Bartoli et al. 1989c; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Ergens 1960). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bartoli et al. 1989c; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Sasal et al. 1999), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 1989c; Jousson et al. 2000; Bartoli et al. 2005b; Ternengo et al. 2009); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a; Derbel et al. 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980; Bartoli et al. 1989c); Northwest Atlantic (Linton 1910; Manter 1940; 1947; Hanson 1950; Siddiqi & Cable 1960; Nahhas & Cable 1964; Overstreet 1969; Rees 1970; Fischthal 1977; Bray 1987; Bartoli et al. 1989c); Southwest Atlantic (Fernandes & Goulart 1992); Southeast Atlantic (Parukhin 1976); Indian Ocean (Parukhin 1976; Bray 1987; Bartoli et al. 1989c). Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream), Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) (common two-banded seabream), Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (picarel). Site of infection. Intestine.

Macvicaria dubia (Stossich, 1905)

Synonyms. Allocreadium dubium Stossich, 1905; Plagioporus varicus [sic] of Sey (1970); (?) Plagioporus idoneus of Papoutsoglou (1976). Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1905; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey, 1970; Bartoli et al. 1989c). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest


61

Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Sasal et al. 1999), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 1989c; Bartoli et al. 2005b); Northwest Atlantic (Bartoli et al. 1989c). Host. Oblada melanura (Linnaeus, 1758) (saddled seabream). Site of infection. Intestine.

Macvicaria maillardi Bartoli, Bray & Gibson, 1989

Synonyms. Distomum obovatum of Stossich (1885; 1898); (?) Plagioporus idoneus of Papoutsoglou (1976). Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1885; 1898a; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008), Sardinia (Mariniello et al. 2000); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Sasal et al. 1999), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 1989c; 2005b; Jousson et al. 2000); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a). Host. Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (gilthead seabream). Site of infection. Intestine.

Macvicaria mormyri (Stossich, 1885)

Synonym. Allocreadium mormyri Stossich, 1885. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1885; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orecchia et al. 1985; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Sasal et al. 1999), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 1993; 2005b; Jousson et al. 1999; 2000); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012). Host. Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) (sand steenbras). Site of infection. Intestine.

Macvicaria obovata (Molin, 1859) Synonyms. Distomum obovatum Molin, 1859; Allocreadium obovatum (Molin, 1859) Dollfus 1969; Plagioporus obovatum (Molin, 1859) Yamaguti, 1971; Pachycreadium obovatum (Molin, 1859) Gibson & Bray, 1982; (?) Plagioporus idoneus (Nicoll, 1909) of Fischthal, 1980. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Molin 1859; Stossich 1885; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Sardinia (Mariniello et al. 2000); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Maillard 1976; Sasal et al. 1999); Corsica (Bartoli et al. 1989c; 2005b; Jousson et al. 1999); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980). Host. Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (gilthead seabream).


62

Site of infection. Intestine.

Macvicaria soleae (Dujardin, 1845) Synonyms. Distoma soleae Dujardin, 1845; Plagioporus varius (Nicoll, 1910). Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Sey 1970). Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Dujardin 1845; Gibson & Bray 1982; Alvarez et al. 2002; Durieux et al. 2007; Marques et al. 2006); Northwest Atlantic (Margolis & Arthur 1979). Host. Blennius ocellaris Linnaeus, 1758 (butterfly blenny), Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream), Oblada melanura (Linnaeus, 1758) (saddled seabream). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Opecoeloides Odhner, 1928 [Syn. Cymbephallus Linton, 1934 Fimbriatus Von Wicklen, 1946]

Opecoeloides furcatus (Bremser in Rudolphi, 1819)

Synonyms. Distomum furcatum Bremser in Rudolphi, 1819; Fasciola furcata Blainville, 1828; Podocotyle furcatum Stossich, 1898. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Lühe 1900; Dollfus 1948; Bona et al. 1995b; Paradižnik 2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007b; Klimpel et al. 2008; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Janiszewska 1953; Sey 1968; Hristovski & Jardas 1983; 1991; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Brinkmann 1967; Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza 2000b); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Arculeo et al. 1997; Klimpel et al. 2008), Ligurian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008; Klimpel et al. 2008), Italian coast (Orecchia & Paggi 1978; Naidenova & Mordvinova 1997); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Le Pommelet et al. 1997; Miquel et al. 2000), Corsica (Jousson et al. 1999; Jousson & Bartoli 2000; Bartoli et al. 2005b; Ternengo et al. 2009), Balearic Sea (Carreras-Aubets et al. 2012a), Alboran Sea (Lopez-Roman & Guevara-Pozo 1977); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Brahim Tazi et al. 2009), Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980), Lebanon coast (Saad-Farès 1985; Saad-Farès & Combes 1992a); Northeast Atlantic (Gijon-Botella & Lopez-Roman 1989). Host. Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 (red mullet), Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758 (surmullet), Serranus hepatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (brown comber). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Pachycreadium Manter, 1954


63

Pachycreadium carnosum (Rudolphi, 1819) Synonym. Distomum carnosum Rudolphi, 1819. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Sasal et al. 1999), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 1988; 2005b; Jousson et al. 1999); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a). Host. Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758) (common dentex). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Peracreadium Nicoll, 1909

[Syn. Lebouria Nicoll, 1909 Indocreadium Srivastava, 1943

Anabathycreadium Salman & Srivastava, 1990]

Peracreadium characis (Stossich, 1886) Synonyms. Distoma characis Stossich, 1886; Allocreadium characis (Stossich, 1886) Stossich, 1905. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1886; 1887; 1888; 1898; 1905; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Sasal et al. 1999), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 1989b; 2005b; Jousson et al. 1999); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012). Host. Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777) (sharpsnout seabream). Site of infection. Intestine.

Peracreadium idoneum (Nicoll, 1909)

Synonyms. Lebouria idonea Nicoll, 1909; Plagioporus idoneus (Nicoll, 1909) Price, 1934. Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Sey 1970). Distribution. East Mediterranean: Lebanon coast (Saad-Farès & Combes 1992a); North Atlantic (Køie 2000); Northeast Atlantic (Bray et al. 2005); Northwest Atlantic (Gibson et al. 2005). Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream), Diplodus sargus (Linnaeus, 1758) (white seabream), Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (common pandora), Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (picarel), Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (grey wrasse), Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) (East Atlantic peacock wrasse). Site of infection. Intestine. Remark. This species is, probably, misidentified by Sey (1970).


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Genus Plagioporus Stafford, 1904 [Syn. Baikalotrema Layman, 1951]

Plagioporus stefanskii Ślusarski, 1958 – new for Adriatic

Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper); Montenegrin freshwaters: Adriatic Sea drainage basin (Kažić 1970; Knežević et al. 1978; Ubelaker et al. 1981). Distribution. European freshwaters: Poland (Rokicki & Kulikowski 1995; Kulikowski & Rokicki 1998; Rokicki et al. 1998b), Serbia (Fauna Europea 2004). Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel). Site of infection. Intestine. Remark. As catadromous fish, the eel was infected, probably, in freshwater.

Genus Podocotyle Dujardin, 1845

Podocotyle atomon (Rudolphi, 1802)

Synonym. Distoma atomon Rudolphi, 1802; Fasciola atomon Rudolphi, 1802; Podocotyle odhneri Issaitschikov, 1928. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1882; Carus 1885; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1970; Jardas & Hristovski 1985; Hristovski & Jardas 1991; Bona et al. 1995b). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Figus et al. 2005; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northeast Atlantic (Køie 1988; Kennedy et al. 1992; Siddall et al. 1994; Borgsteede et al. 1999; Palm et al. 1999; Klimpel et al. 2003), Baltic Sea (Buchmann 1991; Sulgostowska 1993; Reimer 1995; Køie 1999; Zander et al. 1999; 2000; Zander 2001); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Kristmundsson & Helgason 2007); Northwest Atlantic (Scott & Bray 1989; Khan 1999); Arctic Ocean (Mitenev et al. 1991; Hemmingsen et al. 1992; Karasaev et al. 1996; Olafsdottir 1999; Richter 2003); Indian Ocean: Bengal Bay (Hanumantha Rao et al. 1994); Northwest Pacific (Nagasawa et al. 1987; Machida & Araki 1994; Shvetsova 1994a); South China Sea (Wang et al. 1992). Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel), Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche, 1809) (bandtooth conger), Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche, 1809) (thinlip conger), Gobius geniporus Valenciennes, 1837 (slender goby), Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758 (black goby), Lesueurigobius friesii (Malm, 1874) (Fries's goby), Microchirus variegatus (Donovan, 1808) (thickback sole). Site of infection. Intestine.

Podocotyle scorpaenae (Rudolphi, 1819)

Synonym. Distoma scorpaenae Rudolphi, 1819. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008).


65

Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli & Gibson 1991; Jousson et al. 1999; Bartoli et al. 2005b; Ternengo et al. 2009). Host. Scorpaena notata Rafinesque, 1810 (small red scorpionfish), Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758 (black scorpionfish), Scorpaena scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 (red scorpionfish). Site of infection. Pyloric caeca and intestine.

Genus Poracanthium Dollfus, 1948

[Syn. Alloanomalotrema Yamaguti, 1971]

Poracanthium furcatum Dollfus, 1948 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Dollfus 1948; Bona et al. 1995b). Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Le Pommelet et al. 1997), Corsica (Bartoli & Gibson 1991; Jousson et al. 1999; Bartoli et al. 2005b; Ternengo et al. 2009), Balearic Sea (Carreras-Aubets et al. 2012a); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Brahim Tazi et al. 2009), Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012). Host. Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 (red mullet), Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758 (surmullet). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Pycnadenoides Yamaguti, 1938

Pycnadenoides umbrinae (Stossich, 1885)

Synonyms. Distoma umbrinae Stossich, 1885; Allocreadium umbrinae (Stossich, 1885) Stossich, 1905; Podocotyle umbrinae (Stossich, 1885) Yamaguti, 1971; Pycnadenoides ghanensis Fischthal & Thomas, 1968 of Fischthal, 1980. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1885; Orecchia & Paggi 1960; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976), Ionian Sea, Sicilia (Barbagallo & Drago 1903); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orecchia & Paggi 1960; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Orecchia & Paggi 1978); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Gibson & Bray 1989); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980). Host. Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (shi drum). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Sphaerostoma Rudolphi, 1809

[Syn. Cotylogonoporum Thapar & Dayal, 1934]


66

Sphaerostoma globiporum (Rudolphi, 1802) – new for Adriatic Synonyms. Distoma globiporum Rudolphi, 1802; Sphaerostomum globiporum (Rudolphi) Looss, 1899. Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper); Montenegrin freshwaters: Adriatic and Black Sea drainage basin (Kažić 1970; 1978; Knežević et al. 1978; Ubelaker et al. 1981). Distribution. European Inland waters: Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, Lituania, Poland, Slovakia, Ukraine, Serbia (Fauna Europea 2004). Host. Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803) (twaite shad). Site of infection. Intestine. Remark. As anadromous fish, the twaite shad was infected, probably, in freshwater. Superfamily Azygioidea Lühe, 1909

Family Azygiidae Lühe, 1909 [Syn. Leuceruthridae Goldberger, 1911

Aphanhysteridae Guiart, 1938]

Genus Otodistomum Stafford, 1904 [Syn. Xenodistomum Stafford, 1904

Josstaffordia Odhner, 1911 Aphanhystera Guiart, 1938]

Otodistomum veliporum (Creplin, 1837) ?

Synonym. Distoma scymna or scymni Risso of various authors; Otodistoma scymni (Risso) Guiart, 1938, in part.; Distoma veliporum Creplin, 1837; Otodistomum veliporum leptotheca Dollfus, 1937; Otodistomum veliporum pachytheca Dollfus, 1937; Fasciola squali grisei Diesing, 1850; Distomum insigne Diesing, 1850; Distoma microcephalum Baird, 1853; Otodistomum plicatum Kay, 1947. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995b). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Creplin 1837; Bona et al. 1995b; Paggi 2008); Northeast Atlantic (Dollfus 1937; Gibson & Bray 1977); Northeast Pacific (Caballero & Caballero 1969); Southwest Pacific (Manter 1954). Host. Dalatias licha (Bonnaterre, 1788) (kitefin shark). Site of infection. Intestine. Remark. Presence in the Adriatic uncertain. Superfamily Bucephaloidea Poche, 1907


67

[Syn. Gasterostomata Odhner, 1905; Alcicornata Skrjabin & Schulz, 1937; Gasterostomatiformes Skrjabin & Schulz, 1937]

Family Bucephalidae Poche, 1907 [Syn. Gasterostomatidae Braun, 1883

Sinicovothylacidae Yu, 1965 Prosorhynchidae Kohn, 1970]

Genus Bucephalus von Baer, 1827

[Syn. Gasterostomum von Siebold, 1848 Eubucephalus Diesing, 1855 Labratrema Maillard, 1975]

Bucephalus anguillae Špakulová, Macko, Berrilli & Dezfuli, 2002

Findings in the Adriatic. North (Berrilli et al. 2000; Di Cave et al. 2001; Špakulová et al. 2002; Ortis & Paggi 2008; Dezfuli et al. 2009), South (Berrilli et al. 2000; Di Cave et al. 2001; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Kennedy et al. 1997; Paggi et al. 1998a; Berrilli et al. 2000; Špakulová et al. 2002; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Sardinia (Culurgioni et al. 2010); Northwest Mediterranean: Balearic Sea (Grau et al. 1999); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Nabil et al. 2009), Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012). Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel). Site of infection. Intestine.

Bucephalus minimus (Stossich, 1887) Synonyms. Gasterostomum minimum Stossich, 1887; Labratrema minimus (Stossich, 1887). Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1887; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011b); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Maillard 1976; Lozano et al. 2001). Host. Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) (European seabass). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Dolichoenterum Ozaki, 1924


68

Dolichoenterum longissimum Ozaki, 1924 Findings in the Adriatic. South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Culurgioni et al. 2006; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Balearic Sea (Muñoz et al. 1989); Northeast Atlantic: Scotland (Williams 1960), Bay of Biscay (Bray 1973); Northwest Pacific: Japan (Ozaki 1928; Yamaguti 1938b; Machida et al. 1970; Shimazu 1987; 1995; Kim et al. 1999); Southwest Pacific: New Zealand (Manter 1957). Host. Conger conger (Linnaeus, 1758) (European conger). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Prosorhynchoides Dollfus, 1929

[Syn. Bucephalopsis Diesing, 1855 Neobucephalopsis Dayal, 1948 Bucephaloides Hopkins, 1954]

Prosorhynchoides gracilescens (Rudolphi, 1819)

Synonyms. Distoma gracilescens Rudolphi, 1819; Bucephalopsis gracilescens (Rudolphi, 1819); Gasterostomum gracilescens (Rudolphi, 1819). Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Stossich 1890a; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1970). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Bartoli et al. 2006), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b); Black Sea (Zernov 1913; Eydal et al. 2011); Northwest Pacific: Japan (Nagasawa et al. 1987). Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel), Auxis thazard (Lacepède, 1800) (frigate tuna), Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus, 1758 (angler). Site of infection. Intestine.

Prosorhynchoides tergestinum (Stossich, 1883)

Synonyms. Gasterostomum tergestina Stossich, 1883; Bucephalopsis tergestina (Stossich, 1883). Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1883; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005a). Host. Gobius niger (Linnaeus, 1758) (black goby). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Prosorhynchus Odhner, 1905

[Syn. Gotonius Ozaki, 1924 Skrjabiniella Issaitschikow, 1928


69

Paraprosorhynchus Kohn, 1967 Chabaudtrema Kohn, 1970

Rudolphimus Stunkard, 1974]

Prosorhynchus aculeatus Odhner, 1905 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Odhner 1905), Central (Sey 1970; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Culurgioni et al. 2006; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b); Balearic Sea (Muñoz et al. 1989; Campos & Carbonell 1994), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Lozano et al. 2001; Santos & Gibson 2002); Northwest Pacific, Japan (Shimazu 1987; 1995; Kim et al. 1999). Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel). Site of infection. Intestine.

Prosorhynchus crucibulum (Rudolphi, 1819) Synonyms. Monostoma crucibulum Rudolphi, 1819; Distoma (Crossodera) crucibulum (Rudolphi, 1819) Dujardin, 1845; Gasterostomum crucibulum (Rudolphi, 1819) Gervais & van Beneden, 1859. Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Janiszewska 1953; Sey 1968), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Mediterranean (Rudolphi 1819; Odhner 1905), Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orecchia et al. 1985; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Sardinia (Culurgioni et al. 2006); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b); Balearic Sea (Muñoz et al. 1989; Grau et al. 1999; Fernandez-Jover et al. 2010; Carreras-Aubets et al. 2012a), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Anato et al. 1991); Red Sea (Rabie & Ahmed 2000); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; 1915b; Brinkmann, 1967; Bray 1973; Cheetham & Fives 1990; Palm et al. 1999; Hemmingsen & MacKenzie 2001; Lozano et al. 2001; Santos & Gibson 2002); Northwest Pacific: East China Sea (Shen 1990c), Japan coast (Shimazu 1987; 1995); Southeast Pacific (Sekerak & Arai 1977); Southwest Pacific (Arthur & Lumanlan-Mayo 1997). Host. Conger conger (Linnaeus, 1758) (European conger), Echelus myrus (Linnaeus, 1758) (painted eel). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Rhipidocotyle Diesing, 1858

[Syn. Nannoenteron Ozaki, 1924


70

Pararhipidocotyle Kohn, 1970]

Rhipidocotyle galeata (Rudolphi, 1819) Synonyms. Monostomum galeatum Rudolphi, 1819; Gasterostomum minimum Wagener, 1852; Gasterostomum galeatum (Rudolphi) of Stossich, 1898. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1887; Bona et al. 1995b). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Rudolphi 1819; Orecchia et al. 1985; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2011; 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980). Host. Lichia amia (Linnaeus, 1758) (leerfish). Site of infection. Intestine. Superfamily Gorgoderoidea Looss, 1901 [Syn. Orchipedoidea Skrjabin, 1913]

Family Gorgoderidae Looss, 1899 [Syn. Phyllodistomidae Nybelin, 1926]

Genus Phyllodistomum Braun, 1899

[Syn. Spathidium Looss, 1899 Catoptroides Odhner, 1902 Vitellarinus Zmeev, 1936 Phyllochorus Dayal, 1938

Plesiodistomum Dayal, 1942]

Phyllodistomum acceptum Looss, 1901 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1901; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Northwest Mediterranean: Balearic Sea (Campos & Carbonell 1994); Black Sea (Machkevsky 1990; Korniychuk 2001b). Host. Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (grey wrasse), Thalassoma pavo (Linnaeus, 1758) (ornate wrasse). Site of infection. Gall bladder. Superfamily Gymnophalloidea Odhner, 1905

Family Fellodistomidae Nicoll, 1909

[Syn. Steringophoridae Odhner, 1911


71

Xenoperidae Poche, 1926 Monascidae Dollfus, 1947]

Genus Lomasoma Manter, 1935

[Syn. Lomaphorus Manter, 1934 nec Ameghino, 1889]

Lomasoma wardi (Manter, 1934) Synonym. Lomaphorus wardi Manter, 1934. Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Sey 1970; Jardas & Hristovski 1985; Hristovski & Jardas 1991). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orecchia et al. 1985; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northeast Atlantic (Quintero-Alonso et al. 1988); Northwest Atlantic (Manter 1934; Bray 1995); Southwest Indian Ocean (Bray 1995). Host. Microchirus variegatus (Donovan, 1808) (thickback sole). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Lintonium Stunkard & Nigrelli, 1930 [Syn. Gastris Lühe, 1906 nec Dallman in Billberg, 1820

Paradiplangus Gupta, 1968 Paradiplobulbus Bilqees, 1972]

Lintonium vibex (Linton, 1905)

Synonym. Distomum vibex Linton, 1905. Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Jardas & Hristovski 1985; Hristovski & Jardas 1991). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf (Sey et al. 2003); West Pacific (Gibson et al. 2005); South China Sea (Gibson et al. 2005). Host. Buglossidium luteum (Risso, 1810) (solenette). Site of infection. Stomach.

Genus Monascus Looss, 1907 [Syn. Haplocladus Odhner, 1911

Karachitrema Bilqees, 1973]

Monascus filiformis (Rudolphi, 1819) Synonyms. Distoma filiforme Rudolphi, 1819; Haplocladus filiformis Odhner, 1911; Haplocladus minor Odhner, 1911; Haplocladus typicus Odhner, 1911; Haplocladus orientalis Srivastava, 1937; Monascus minor Dollfus, 1947; Monascus typicus Dollfus, 1947; Monascus orientalis Yamaguti, 1958; Monascus netoi Travassos, Freitas & Bührnheim, 1965; Karachitrema trilobata Bilqees, 1973; Monascus chauhani Kumari,


72

1975; Monascus ovilobatus Kumari, 1975; Monascus elongatus Karyakarte & Yadav, 1976. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Odhner 1911b; Bona et al. 1995b), Central (Janiszewska 1953; Sey 1970; Jardas & Hristovski 1985; Hristovski & Jardas 1991; Bona et al. 1995b), South (Radujković et al. 1989; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Sea of Marmara (Oguz 1995b), Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza 1998b); Central Mediterranean (Rudolphi 1819; Willemoes-Suhm 1871; Zschokke 1887; Nikolaeva & Kovaleva 1966; Papoutsoglou 1976; Orecchia & Paggi 1978; Orecchia et al. 1985), Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); Black Sea (Vlasenko 1931; Osmanov 1940; Pogorel’tseva 1952a); Northeast Atlantic (Quintero-Alonso et al. 1988; Palm et al. 1999); Southwest Atlantic (Girola et al. 1992; Martorelli & Cremonte 1998; Pereira et al. 2000); Indian Ocean (Hafeezullah 1984), Persian Gulf (Sey et al. 2003). Host. Cepola macrophthalma (Linnaeus, 1758) (red bandfish), Microchirus variegatus (Donovan, 1808) (thickback sole), Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868) (Mediterranean horse mackerel), Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic horse mackerel). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Proctoeces Odhner, 1911 [Syn. Xenopera Nicoll, 1915]

Proctoeces maculatus (Looss, 1901)

Synonyms. Distomum maculatum Looss, 1901; Distomum subtenue Linton, 1907; Proctoeces erythreaus Odhner, 1911; Xenopera insolita Nicoll, 1913; Proctoeces ostraea Fujita, 1925; (?) Proctoeces major Yamaguti, 1934; Proctoeces subtenuis (Linton, 1907) Hanson, 1950; Procteces insolitus Yamaguti, 1953; Proctoeces lintoni Siddiqi & Cable, 1960; Proctoeces progeneticus Dollfus, 1965; Proctoeces buccini Looss-Frank, 1969; Proctoeces scrobiculariae Looss-Frank, 1969; Proctoeces hawaiiensis Yamaguti, 1970; Proctoeces inchiharai Shimura & Egusa, 1979; Complexobursa magna Bilqees, 1980. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1901; Bona et al. 1995b; Paradižnik 2007; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995b), South (Radujković et al. 1989). Distribution. Central Mediterranean (Odhner 1911b; Parukhin et al. 1971; Martinez 1974), Sardinia (Culurgioni et al. 2006); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Prévot 1965), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b; Ternengo et al. 2009); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Brahim Tazi et al. 2009), Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980; 1982), Lebanon coast (Saad-Farès 1985); Black Sea (Vlassenko 1931; Pogorel’tseva 1952a; Naidenova


73

1974); Northeast Atlantic (Bray & Gibson 1980); Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf (Sey et al. 2003). Host. Labrus merula Linnaeus, 1758 (brown wrasse), Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (grey wrasse), Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) (East Atlantic peacock wrasse), Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) (European pilchard). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Steringotrema Odhner, 1911

[Syn. Rhodotrema Odhner, 1911 Markevitschiella Skrjabin & Koval, 1957

Pseudantorchis Wang, 1982]

Steringotrema divergens (Rudolphi, 1809) Synonyms. Distoma divergens Rudolphi, 1809; Fasciola divergens (Rudolphi) de Blainville, 1820. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1809; Bona et al. 1995b), Central (Sey 1970; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Stoch 2003; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northeast Atlantic (Braun 1891; Nicoll 1914; Bray 1973; Bray & Gibson 1980; Vassiliades 1985). Host. Blennius ocellaris Linnaeus, 1758 (butterfly blenny). Site of infection. Intestine.

Steringotrema pagelli (van Beneden, 1871) Synonyms. Distoma pagelli van Beneden, 1871; Distomum tergestinum Stossich, 1888; Steringotrema (Ovotrema) pagelli (van Beneden) Yamaguti, 1953; Steringophorus cluthensis Nicoll, 1909; Leioderma cluthense (Nicoll) Nicoll, 1910; Steringotrema cluthense (Nicoll) Odhner, 1911. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1889; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1968; Bona et al. 1995b). Distribution. Mediterranean (Naidenova & Mordvinova 1997); Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Bray & Gibson 1980; Gijon-Botella & Lopez-Roman 1989; Groenewold et al. 1996; Palm et al. 1999); Northwest Atlantic (Gibson et al. 2005). Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream), Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (grey wrasse), Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) (East Atlantic peacock wrasse). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Tergestia Stossich, 1899


74

Tergestia laticollis (Rudolphi, 1819) Synonyms. Distoma laticolle Rudolphi, 1819; Echinostoma laticolle (Rudolphi) Parona, 1899; Distoma polonii Molin of Olsson (1868); Tergestia acanthogobii Yamaguti, 1938; Tergestia acanthocephala (Stossich) of Baylis (1939). Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1899a; Rudolphi 1819; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1968; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza 1998b); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b); Black Sea (Marinov & Golemansky 1989); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Lozano et al. 2001); Northwest Atlantic (Dyer et al. 1998); Southwest Atlantic (Fernandes et al. 2002); Indian Ocean (Parukhin 1988; Gibson et al. 2005); East Pacific (Castillo-Sanchez et al. 1997; Perez-Ponce de Leon et al. 1998); Northwest Pacific (Machida & Kuramochi 2000); East China Sea, Yellow Sea (Wang & Wang 1993). Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream), Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (grey wrasse), Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) (East Atlantic peacock wrasse), Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic horse mackerel). Site of infection. Intestine. Remark. Records on sparids and labrids (Sey, 1968) are doubtful.

Genus Theledera Linton, 1910 [Syn. Cithara MacCallum, 1917

Tergestina Nagaty & Abdel Aal, 1964]

Theledera acanthocephala (Stossich, 1887) Bray & Gibson, 1980 Synonym. Distoma laticolle Rudolphi, 1819; Tergestia acanthocephala (Stossich, 1887). Findings in the Adriatic. North (Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean (Naidenova & Mordvinova 1997), Tyrrhenian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2003; Bartoli et al. 2005b); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); Red Sea (Bartoli et al. 2003); Northeast Atlantic (Gibson et al. 2005); Pacific Ocean (Gibson et al. 2005). Host. Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761) (garfish), Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810) (greater amberjack), Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic horse mackerel). Site of infection. Intestine. Superfamily Haploporoidea Nicoll, 1914

Family Haploporidae Nicoll, 1914


75

[Syn. Waretrematidae Srivastava, 1937 Megasolenidae Skrjabin, 1942

Hyporhamphitrematidae Machida & Kuramochi, 2000]

Genus Dicrogaster Looss, 1902

Dicrogaster contractus Looss, 1902 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss, 1902a; Bona et al. 1995b), Central (Bona et al. 1995b), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Sea of Marmara (Oguz 1995b; Gibson et al. 2005), Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Paggi et al. 1979; Bona et al. 1995b; Orecchia et al. 1998b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Di Cave et al. 1997; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Italian coast (Orecchia & Paggi 1978; Paggi et al. 1979), Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 2001); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Farès & Maillard 1974), Balearic Sea, Santa Pola (Sarabeev & Balbuena 2003; Blasco-Costa et al. 2009a; 2009c); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Al-Bassel 2003; Al-Bassel & Hussein 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Gibson et al. 2005); Black Sea (Dmitrieva & Gaevskaya 2001); Azov Sea (Solonchenko & Tkachuk 1985; Domnich & Sarabeev 2000a; 2000b; 2000c; Sarabeev & Domnich 2000; Dmitrieva & Gaevskaya 2001; Sarabeev & Balbuena 2003); Caspian Sea (Ibragimov 1988); Northeast Atlantic (Sarabeev & Balbuena 2003). Host. Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1826) (thicklip grey mullet). Site of infection. Intestine.

Dicrogaster perpusilla Looss, 1902

Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss, 1902a; Bona et al. 1995b), Central (Bona et al. 1995b). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Sea of Marmara (Oguz & Bray 2006); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b); Northwest Mediterranean: Balearic Sea (Blasco-Costa et al. 2009a; 2009c). Host. Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1826) (thicklip grey mullet). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Haploporus Looss, 1902

[Syn. Neohaploporus Manter, 1963]

Haploporus benedeni (Stossich, 1887) Synonyms. Distomum viviparum van Beneden, 1870; Distomum benedeni Stossich, 1887; Distoma benedeni Stossich, 1898; Haploporus lateralis Looss, 1902.


76

Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1887; 1888; 1898; Looss, 1902a; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1970; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Ergens 1960; Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Paggi et al. 1979; Bona et al. 1995b; Orecchia et al. 1998b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Italian coast (Orecchia & Paggi 1978; Paggi et al. 1979), Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 2001); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Farès & Maillard 1974), Balearic Sea (Blasco-Costa et al. 2009a; 2009b); Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Al-Bassel 2003); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Paperna 1964b); Black Sea (Dmitrieva & Gaevskaya 2001; Nizova et al. 2001; Öztürk & Aydogdu 2003); Azov Sea (Solonchenko & Tkachuk 1985; Domnich & Sarabeev 2000a; 2000b; 2000c; Sarabeev & Domnich 2000; Dmitrieva & Gaevskaya 2001); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Dawes 1947; Carvalho-Varela et al. 1981; Lozano et al. 2001; Blasco-Costa et al. 2009b). Host. Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1826) (thicklip grey mullet), Liza ramada (Risso, 1826) (thinlip grey mullet), Oedalechilus labeo (Cuvier, 1829) (boxlip mullet) – new host. Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Lecithobotrys Looss, 1902

Lecithobotrys putrescens Looss, 1902

Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1902a; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Orecchia et al. 1998b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 1998; 2001); Northwest Mediterranean: Balearic Sea (Blasco-Costa et al. 2009a; 2009b); Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Al-Bassel 2003; Al-Bassel & Hussein 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Paperna 1964b; Paperna & Overstreet 1981). Host. Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) (golden grey mullet). Site of infection. Intestine, stomach.

Genus Saccocoelium Looss, 1902

[Syn. Wlassenkotrema Skrjabin, 1956 Neosaccocoelium El-Shahawi, El-Gindy, Imam & Al-Bassel, 1992]

Saccocoelium obesum Looss, 1902

Synonyms. Haploporus longicollum Vlassenko, 1931; Wlassenkotrema longicollum (Vlassenko, 1931) Skrjabin, 1956. Findings in the Adriatic. Noth (Looss 1902a; Ferretti & Paggi 1965; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1970; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008).


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Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Sea of Marmara (Oguz 1995b); Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orecchia & Paggi 1978; Paggi et al. 1979; Bona et al. 1995b; Di Cave et al. 1997; Orecchia et al. 1998b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 1998; 2001); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Farès & Maillard 1974), Balearic Sea (Blasco-Costa et al. 2009a; 2009d), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Fischthal & Kuntz 1963; Moravec & Libosvárský 1975; Al-Bassel 2003); East Mediterranean: Lebanon coast (Saad-Farès 1985); Black Sea (Gaevskaya & Dmitrieva 1993; Pronkina 2001; Dmitrieva & Gaevskaya 2001; Blasco-Costa et al. 2009d); Azov Sea (Domnich & Sarabeev 2000a; 2000b; 2000c; Sarabeev & Domnitch 2000; Dmitrieva & Gaevskaya 2001); Caspian Sea (Mikailov 1958; Ibragimov 1988); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Lozano et al. 2001). Host. Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1826) (thicklip grey mullet), Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) (golden grey mullet), Liza ramada (Risso, 1826) (thinlip grey mullet). Site of infection. Intestine.

Saccocoelium tensum Looss, 1902 Synonyms. Lecithobotrys aegyptiacus Hassan, El-Aziz, Khidr & Abu Samak, 1990; Lecithobotrys helmymohamedi Ramadan, Saoud, Ashour & Mansour, 1989; Saccocoelium helmymohamedi (Ramadan, Saoud, Ashour & Mansour, 1989) Overstreet & Curran, 2005; Saccocoelium portsaidensis [sic] El-Shahawi, El-Gindy, Imam & Al-Bassel, 1992; Saccocoelium saoudi El-Shahawi, El-Gindy, Imam & Al-Bassel, 1992; Neosaccocoelium aegyptiacus [sic] El-Shahawi, El-Gindy, Imam & Al-Bassel, 1992. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1902a; Brglez & Paradižnik 1988; Paradižnik 2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Paggi et al. 1979; 1988; Bona et al. 1995b; Di Cave et al. 1997; Orecchia et al. 1998b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 1998; 2000; 2001); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Farès & Maillard 1974), Balearic Sea (Blasco-Costa et al. 2009a); Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Moravec & Libosvárský 1975; Ramadan et al. 1989a; 1989b; Hassan et al. 1990; El-Shahawi et al. 1992; Al-Bassel 2003); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal & Kuntz 1963; Paperna 1964b); Black Sea (Vlassenko 1931; Gaevskaya & Dmitrieva 1993; Korniychuk 2001a; Nizova et al. 2001; Pronkina 2001; Dmitrieva & Gaevskaya 2001; Gaevskaya & Korniychuk 2003); Azov Sea (Solonchenko & Tkachuk 1985; Zabodash & Semenenko 1994; Domnich & Sarabeev 2000a; 2000b; 2000c;


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Maltsev & Zhdamirov 2000; Sarabeev 2000; Sarabeev & Domnitch 2000; Dmitrieva & Gaevskaya 2001); Caspian Sea (Mikailov 1958; Ibragimov 1988). Host. Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) (golden grey mullet), Liza saliens (Risso, 1810) (leaping mullet). Site of infection. Intestine.

Superfamily Haplosplanchnoidea Poche, 1926

Family Haplosplanchnidae Poche, 1926

Genus Haplosplanchnus Looss, 1902 [Syn. Laruea Srivastava, 1937]

Haplosplanchnus pachysomus (Eysenhardt, 1829)

Synonyms. Distoma pachysoma Eysenhardt, 1829; Podocotyle pachysomum Stossich, 1898. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich, 1898; Looss, 1902c; Brglez & Paradižnik 1988; Bona et al. 1995b; Paradižnik 2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Altunel 1982); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orecchia & Paggi 1978; Bona et al. 1995b; Di Cave et al. 1997; Orecchia et al. 1998b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 1998; 2001), Corsica (Caillot et al. 1999); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Carrere 1937; Farès 1974; Farès & Maillard 1974); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Moravec & Libosvarsky 1975; Hassan et al. 1990; Al-Bassel 2003; Al-Bassel & Hussein 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal & Kuntz 1963; Paperna 1964b), Lebanon coast (Saad-Farès 1985); Black Sea (Vlasenko 1931; Osmanov 1940; Butskaya 1952; Gaevskaya & Dmitrieva 1992; Dmitrieva & Gaevskaya 2001); Azov Sea (Domnich & Sarabeev 2000a); Caspian Sea (Mikailov 1958); Northeast Atlantic (Lozano et al. 2001); Northwest Pacific, Japan (Yamaguti 1934a); South Pacific (Nahhas et al. 1997). Host. Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) (golden grey mullet), Liza ramada (Risso, 1826) (thinlip grey mullet), Liza saliens (Risso, 1810) (leaping mullet). Site of infection. Intestine. Superfamily Hemiuroidea Looss, 1899


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[Syn. Didymozooidea Poche, 1907; Accacoelioidea Odhner, 1911; Isoparorchioidea Travassos, 1922]

Family Accacoeliidae Odhner, 1911

Genus Accacladocoelium Odhner, 1928

[Syn. Guschanskiana Skrjabin, 1959]

Accacladocoelium macrocotyle (Diesing, 1858) Synonyms. Distoma macrocotyle Diesing, 1858; Podocotyle macrocotyle (Diesing) of Stossich, 1896. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich, 1896; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); East Atlantic (Gaevskaya 2002a); Northeast Atlantic (Bray & Gibson 1977); Southeast Pacific (Luque & Oliva 1993). Host. Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) (ocean sunfish). Site of infection. Intestine.

Accacladocoelium petasiporum Odhner, 1928

Synonym. Distoma calyptrocotyle Monticelli of Odhner, 1911. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995b), Central (Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); East Atlantic (Gaevskaya 2002a); Northeast Atlantic (Bray & Gibson 1977). Host. Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) (ocean sunfish). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Accacoelium Monticelli, 1893

Accacoelium contortum (Rudolphi, 1819)

Synonyms. Distoma contortum Rudolphi, 1819; Podocotyle contortum (Rudolphi 1819) Stossich, 1898. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich, 1898; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Rudolphi 1819; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Mediterranean (Naidenova & Mordvinova 1997); Northeast Atlantic (Bray & Gibson 1977; Gibson et al. 2005); Northwest Atlantic (Gibson et al. 2005). Host. Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) (ocean sunfish). Site of infection. Gills.


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Genus Odhnerium Yamaguti, 1934 [Syn. Mneiodhneria Dollfus, 1935

Caballeriana Skrjabin & Guschanskaja, 1959]

Odhnerium calyptocotyle (Monticelli, 1893) Synonyms. Distoma nigroflavum Rudolphi of Olsson, 1868; Distoma calyptrocotyle Monticelli, 1893; Orophocotyle calyptrocotyle (Monticelli, 1893) Looss, 1902; Accacoelium calyptrocotyle (Monticelli, 1893) Stiles & Hassall, 1908; Mneiodhneria calyptrocotyle (Monticelli, 1893) Dollfus, 1935; Distoma foliatum Linton, 1898; Orophocotyle foliatum (Linton) Looss, 1902. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss, 1902; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Monticelli, 1893; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northeast Atlantic (Bray & Gibson 1977); Northwest Atlantic (Gibson et al. 2005); Southwest Pacific (Gibson et al. 2005). Host. Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) (ocean sunfish). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Orophocotyle Looss, 1902

Orophocotyle divergens Looss, 1902 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1902b; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Reported from the Adriatic Sea only. Host. Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776) (slender sunfish). Site of infection. Intestine.

Orophocotyle planci (Stossich, 1899)

Synonym. Podocotyle planci Stossich, 1899. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1899a; Looss 1902b; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Pacific Ocean (Gibson et al. 2005). Host. Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776) (slender sunfish). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Rhynchopharynx Odhner, 1928

Rhynchopharynx paradoxa Odhner, 1928

Findings in the Adriatic. North (Odhner 1928; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Southwest Pacific (Gibson et al. 2005). Host. Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) (ocean sunfish).


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Genus Tetrochetus Looss, 1912 [Syn. Paratetrochetus Hanson, 1955]

Tetrochetus raynerii (Nardo, 1833)

Synonyms. Distoma raynerium Nardo, 1833; Distomum raynerianum Nardo, 1833 of Diesing, 1850; Accacoelium raynerianum (Nardo) Lühe, 1901; Tetrochetus raynerianus (Nardo) of Dollfus, 1935, and Fukui & Ogata, 1935. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Nardo 1833; Looss 1912; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Parona 1902; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northeast Atlantic (Bray & Gibson 1977). Host. Luvarus imperialis Rafinesque, 1810 (luvar). Site of infection. Intestine.

Family Derogenidae Nicoll, 1910 [Syn. Halipegidae Poche, 1926

Liocercidae Ejsmont, 1931 Arnolidae Yamaguti, 1958]

Genus Arnola Strand, 1942

[Syn. Arnoldia Vlasenko, 1931]

Arnola microcirrus (Vlasenko, 1931) Synonym. Arnoldia microcirrus Vlasenko, 1931. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995b; Gibson 2002). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Balearic Sea (Fernandez-Jover et al. 2010); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980); Black Sea (Vlasenko 1931); East Atlantic (Gibson et al. 2005). Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream). Site of infection. Stomach.

Genus Derogenes Lühe, 1900

[Syn. Liopyge Looss, 1899 Liocerca Looss, 1902]


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Derogenes adriaticus Nikolaeva, 1966 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Nikolaeva 1966; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Nikolaeva 1966; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Balearic Sea (Kostadinova & Gibson 2009); Mediterranean (Naidenova & Mordvinova 1996; 1997). Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream). Site of infection. Stomach.

Derogenes affine (Rudolphi, 1819) Synonym. Distoma affine Rudolphi, 1819. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819), Central (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Reported from the Adriatic Sea only. Host. Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (shi drum). Site of infection. Intestine.

Derogenes latus Janiszewska, 1953

Findings in the Adriatic. North (Le Pommelet et al. 1997; Paradižnik 2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007a; 2007b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Janiszewska 1953; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989). Distribution. Mediterranean (Nikolaeva 1966; Naidenova & Mordvinova 1997); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli & Gibson 1991; Bartoli et al. 2005b; Ternengo et al. 2009), Gulf of Lion (Le Pommelet et al. 1997), Balearic Sea (Carreras-Aubets et al. 2012a), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Brahim Tazi et al. 2009), Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a). Host. Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) (sand steenbras), Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 (red mullet), Trisopterus minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) (poor cod). Site of infection. Intestine.

Derogenes minor Looss, 1901 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1901; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Mediterranean (Gibson et al. 2005). Host. Labrus merula Linnaeus, 1758 (brown wrasse). Site of infection. Intestine.

Derogenes ruber Lühe, 1900

Findings in the Adriatic. North (Lühe 1900), Central (Sey 1968). Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Gibson et al. 2005).


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Host. Trigla lyra Linnaeus, 1758 (piper gurnard). Site of infection. Gall blladder.

Derogenes varicus (Müller, 1784)

Synonym. Fasciola varicus Müller, 1784. Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Sey 1968; Bona et al. 1995b). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orecchia et al. 1985; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008; Klimpel et al. 2008), Ligurian Sea (Klimpel et al. 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Brahim Tazi et al. 2009); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Manter 1954; Bray 1973; Køie 1988; Quintero-Alonso et al. 1988; Bristow & Berland 1991; Hemmingsen et al. 1991; Williams et al. 1992; Kristmundsson & Helgason 2007; Klimpel et al. 2008); Northwest Atlantic (Scott 1988; Bouillon & Dempson 1989; Scott & Bray 1989; Wierzbicka 1991a; 1991b; Landry et al. 1992), Southwest Atlantic (Gaevskaya et al. 1990); Arctic Ocean (Mitenev et al. 1991); Antarctic Ocean (Zdzitowiecki 1988); Pacific Ocean (Manter 1954; Korotaeva 1990); Northern Pacific (Kabata et al. 1988; Stanley et al. 1992); Western Pacific (Shen 1989; 1990b; Li et al. 1989), Southwest Pacific (Margolis & Boyce 1990); Northwest Pacific (Nagasawa et al. 1987); Cosmopolitan (Sey 1968). Host. Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) (European hake). Site of infection. Intestine.

Family Didymozoidae Monticelli, 1888

[Syn. Koellikeriadae MacCallum & MacCallum, 1915 Didymozooidae Ishii, 1935 Koellikereiidae Ishii, 1935

Didymodiclinidae Pozdnyahkov, 1993]

Genus Didymocylindrus Ishii, 1935 [Syn. Didymoproblema Ishii, 1935 Allodidymozoon Yamaguti, 1959]

Didymocylindrus filiformis Ishii, 1935

Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2008*; Mladineo et al. 2011*). Distribution. Northeast Pacific (Ishii 1935); Northwest Pacific (Ishii 1935); South Pacific (Lester 1990); Indian Ocean (Mordvinova & Nikolaeva 1990). Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna). Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted. Remark. * Aquaculture.


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Genus Didymocystis Ariola, 1902 [Syn. Coeliodidymocystis Yamaguti, 1970

Didymocystoides Yamaguti, 1970 Lagenocystis Yamaguti, 197

Univitellodidymocystis Yamaguti, 1970]

Didymocystis abdominalis Yamaguti, 1938 Synonym. Coeliodidymocystis abdominalis (Yamaguti, 1938). Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo & Tudor 2004*; Mladineo 2006a*; 2006b*; Mladineo et al. 2008*; Mladineo et al. 2011*). Distribution. Northwest Pacific, Japan (Yamaguti 1938b), off Chinese coast (Shen 1990a); East Pacific (Yamaguti 1954). Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna). Site of infection. Pyloric caeca, encysted. Remark. * Aquaculture.

Didymocystis bifasciatus (Yamaguti, 1970)

Synonym. Didymocystoides bifasciatus Yamaguti, 1970. Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2008*; Mladineo et al. 2011*). Distribution. Indian Ocean (Mordvinova & Nikolaeva 1990; Hanumantha et al. 1993; Murugesh & Madhavi 1995). Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna). Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted. Remark. * Aquaculture.

Didymocystis oesophagicola (Yamaguti, 1970)

Synonym. Didymocystoides oesophagicola Yamaguti, 1970. Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2008*). Distribution. Indian Ocean (Murugesh & Madhavi 1995). Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna). Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted. Remark. * Aquaculture.

Didymocystis pectoralis (Yamaguti, 1970)

Synonym. Didymocystoides pectoralis Yamaguti, 1970. Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2011*). Distribution. Indian Ocean (Mordvinova & Nikolaeva 1990). Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna). Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted. Remark. * Aquaculture.


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Didymocystis pinnicola (Yamaguti, 1970) Synonym. Didymocystoides pinnicola Yamaguti, 1970. Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2011*). Distribution. Indian Ocean (Murugesh & Madhavi 1995). Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna). Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted. Remark. * Aquaculture.

Didymocystis semiglobularis (Ishii, 1935)

Synonym. Didymocystoides semiglobularis Ischii, 1935. Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2008*; Mladineo et al. 2011*). Distribution. Northwest Pacific (Momoyama & Kobayashi 2004); Indian Ocean (Mordvinova & Nikolaeva 1990). Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna). Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted. Remark. * Aquaculture.

Didymocystis thynni (Taschenberg, 1879) Synonym. Didymocystis reniformis (Ariola, 1902). Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995b; Mladineo 2006b*). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008). Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna). Site of infection. Gills. Remark. * Aquaculture.

Genus Didymosulcus Pozdnyakov, 1990

Didymosulcus irregularis (Yamaguti, 1970)

Synonym. Didymocystis irregularis (Yamaguti, 1970). Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2011*). Distribution. Pacific Ocean (Gibson et al. 2005). Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna). Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted. Remark. * Aquaculture.

Didymosulcus katsuwonicola (Okada, 1926)

Synonym. Wedlia katsuwonicola Okada, 1926. Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2011*). Distribution. West Pacific (Pozdnyakov 1990).


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Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna). Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted. Remark. * Aquaculture.

Didymosulcus palati (Yamaguti, 1970)

Synonym. Didymocystis palati Yamaguti, 1970 Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2008*; Mladineo et al. 2011*). Distribution. Northeast Pacific, Hawaii (Yamaguti 1970). Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna). Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted. Remark. * Aquaculture.

Didymosulcus spirocauda (Yamaguti, 1970) Synonym. Didymocystis spirocauda Yamaguti, 1970. Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2011*). Distribution. Northeast Pacific, Hawaii (Yamaguti 1970). Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna). Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted. Remark. * Aquaculture.

Didymosulcus wedli (Ariola, 1902) (species inquirenda) Synonyms. Didymocystis wedli Ariola, 1902; Didymozoon thynni Taschenberg, 1879 of Braun 1879-93; Didymocystis kabayashii Dollfus, 1926; Wedlia katsuwonicola Okada, 1926. Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo & Tudor 2004*; Mladineo 2006a*; Mladineo et al. 2008*), South (Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Ionian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008), Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); East Pacific (Yamaguti 1953); Nortwest Pacific (Momoyama & Kobayashi 2004); West Pacific (Shen 1990a). Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna). Site of infection. Gills, encysted. Remark. * Aquaculture.

Genus Didymozoon Taschenberg, 1879

[Syn. Didymozoum Ishii, 1935]

Didymozoon longicolle (Ishii, 1935) Synonym. Didymozoum longicolle Ischii, 1935. Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2008*). Distribution. Northwest Pacific, Japan (Ishii 1935); Northeast Pacific, Hawaii (Ishii 1935).


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Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna). Site of infection. Tissue of host encysted. Remark. * Aquaculture.

Didymozoon pretiosum Ariola, 1902

Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean (Mariniello et al. 2000), Ionian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008), Tyrrhenian Sea (Ariola 1902; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna). Site of infection. Gills.

Didymozoon taenioides Monticelli, 1883 (species inquirenda)

Synonyms. Monostoma molae Rudolphi, 1819, in part; Didymozoum taenioides Monticelli of Ishii 1935; Nematobothrium (Didymozoon) taenioides Monticelli of Maclaren, 1904. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b), Ligurian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northeast Atlantic (Dawes 1960). Host. Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) (ocean sunfish). Site of infection. In dorsal muscle.

Genus Koellikerioides Yamaguti, 1970

Koellikerioides apicalis Yamaguti, 1970 Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo & Tudor 2004*; Mladineo 2006a*; 2006b*; Mladineo et al. 2008*; Mladineo et al. 2011*). Distribution. Northeast Pacific, Hawaii (Yamaguti 1970); Indian Ocean (Gibson et al. 2005). Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna). Site of infection. Cartilage of gill arch, encysted. Remark. * Aquaculture.

Koellikerioides internogastricus Yamaguti, 1970 Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo & Tudor 2004*; Mladineo 2006a*; 2006b*; Mladineo et al. 2008*; Mladineo et al. 2011*). Distribution. Northeast Pacific, Hawaii (Yamaguti 1970); Indian Ocean (Gibson et al. 2005). Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna). Site of infection. Mucosa of stomach wall, encysted. Remark. * Aquaculture.


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Koellikerioides intestinalis Yamaguti, 1970 Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo & Tudor 2004*; Mladineo 2006a*; 2006b*; Mladineo et al. 2008*; Mladineo et al. 2011*). Distribution. Northeast Pacific, Hawaii (Yamaguti 1970); Indian Ocean (Gibson et al. 2005). Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna). Site of infection. Intestine. Remark. * Aquaculture.

Genus Nemathobothrium van Beneden, 1858 [Syn. Benedenozoum Ishii, 1935

Maclarenozoum Ishii, 1935]

Nematobothrium scombri (Taschenberg, 1879) Synonym. Didymozoon scombri Taschenberg, 1879. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Italian coast (Parona & Perugia 1892; Naidenova & Mordvinova 1997), Tyrrhenian Sea (Taschenberg 1879; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Taschenberg 1879; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Balearic Sea (Grau et al. 1999); Black Sea (Zernov 1913; Gibson et al. 2005); Northeast Atlantic (Gibson et al. 2005); Northwest Atlantic (Gibson et al. 2005); Northwest Pacific (Ishii 1935). Host. Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 (chub mackerel), Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic mackerel). Site of infection. Gills.

Genus Oesophagocystis Yamaguti, 1970

Oesophagocystis dissimilis (Yamaguti, 1938)

Synonym. Didymocystis dissimilis Yamaguti, 1938. Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2008*). Distribution. Northeast Pacific, Hawaii (Yamaguti 1938b); South Pacific (Lester 1990); South China Sea (Shen & Li 2000); Indian Ocean (Murugesh & Madhavi 1995). Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna). Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted. Remark. * Aquaculture.

Genus Platocystis Yamaguti, 1938

[Syn. Dermatodidymocystis Yamaguti, 1970]


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Platocystis alalongae Yamaguti, 1938 Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo & Tudor 2004*; Mladineo 2006a*; 2006b*; Mladineo et al. 2011*). Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Gibson et al. 2005); Northeast Pacific, Japan (Yamaguti 1938b). Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna). Site of infection. Skin, encysted. Remark. * Aquaculture.

Genus Wedlia Cobbold, 1860

Wedlia bipartita (Wedl, 1855)

Synonym. Monostomum bipartitum Wedl, 1855. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Mladineo et al. 2011*), South (Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean (Mariniello et al. 2000), Ionian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008), Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Balearic Sea (Grau et al. 1999); Northeast Atlantic (Gibson et al. 2005); Nortwest Pacific (Ishii 1935). Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna). Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted. Remark. * Aquaculture.

Wedlia globosa Ishii, 1935 Synonym. Koellikeria globosa Ishii, 1935. Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2011*). Distribution. Northwest Pacific (Ishii 1935). Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna). Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted. Remark. * Aquaculture.

Wedlia reniformis (Ishii, 1935) Synonym. Koellikeria reniformis Ishii, 1935. Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2011*). Distribution. Nortwest Pacific (Ishii 1935). Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna). Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted. Remark. * Aquaculture.

Family Hemiuridae Looss, 1899

[Syn. Lecithochiriidae Lühe, 1901 Dinuridae Looss, 1907


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Bunocotylidae Dollfus, 1950 Elytrophaliidae Skrjabin & Guschanskaja, 1954

Biporidae Malhotra, Nanda, Mukherjee, Ghosh, Sukul & Capoor, 1989]

Genus Aphanurus Looss, 1907 [Syn. Chauchanurus Skrjabin & Guschanskaja, 1954

Helaphanurus Slusarski, 1957 Minutocauda Srivastava & Sahai, 1977

Neoaphanurus Tang, Shi & Pan in Tang, Shi, Cao, Guan & Pan, 1983]

Aphanurus stossichi (Monticelli, 1891) Synonyms. Distomum ocreatus Monticelli, 1887; Distomum ocreatus Stossich, 1888; Apoblema stossichi Monticelli, 1891; Hemiurus stossichi (Monticelli) of Lühe, 1901; Aphanurus virgula Looss, 1907; Aphanurus balticus Slusarski, 1958. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1907; Paradižnik 2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007a; 2007b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1970; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza 1998a); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Balearic Sea (Fernandez-Jover et al. 2010), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Marzoug et al. 2012), Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a; Derbel et al. 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980), Lebanon coast (Saad-Farès & Combes 1992a; 1992b); Black Sea (Dimitrov 1991); Northeast Atlantic (Gijon-Botella & Lopez-Roman 1989; Lozano et al. 2001); Indian Ocean: Bay of Bengal (Bashirullah 1973; D’Silva et al. 2012); West Pacific (Wang 1982). Host. Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) (bogue), Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (common pandora), Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) (European pilchard), Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic mackerel). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Brachyphallus Odhner, 1905

Brachyphallus crenatus (Rudolphi, 1802) Synonyms. Fasciola crenatus Rudolphi, 1802; Distoma crenatum (Rudolphi) Rudolphi, 1809; Distoma appendiculatum (Rudolphi) of Rudolphi (1819) in part; Distoma ventricosum Rudolphi of Wagener (1860) in part; Distoma ocreatum Molin of Olsson (1868) in part; Distoma tectum von Linstow, 1873; Distomum tectum von Linstow, 1873; Apoblema appendiculatum (Rudolphi) of Monticelli (1891) in part; Hemiurus crenatus (Rudolphi) Lühe, 1901; Hemiurus appendiculatus (Rudolphi) of


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Stafford (1904) in part; Brachyphallus affinis Looss, 1908; Brachyphallus amuriensis Babaskin, 1928. Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Sey 1970). Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Hemmingsen et al. 1991; Williams et al. 1992; O'Connell & Fives 1995; Groenewold et al. 1996; Palm et al. 1999; Klimpel et al. 2003); Baltic Sea (Sulgostowska 1993; Reimer & Walter 1993; Reimer 1995; Zander et al. 1999; 2000; Szostakowska & Sulgostowska 2001); Northwest Atlantic (Landry et al. 1992; Hogans et al. 1993); Southwest Atlantic (Gaevskaya et al. 1990; Bray 1995); Arctic Ocean (Grosdilova 1989); North Pacific (Kabata et al. 1988); Northwest Pacific (Machida & Araki 1992; 1994; Shvetsova 1994a). Host. Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) (European hake). Site of infection. Stomach.

Genus Ectenurus Looss, 1907 [Syn. Magnacetabulum Yamaguti, 1934

Clupenurus Srivastava, 1935 Parectenurus Manter, 1947

Prosterrhurus Fischthal & Kuntz, 1963]

Ectenurus lepidus Looss, 1907 Synonyms. Ectenurus lepidus Looss, 1907; Ectenurus trachuri Nikolaeva & Kovaleva, 1966 nec (Yamaguti, 1934); Ectenurus virgulus (Linton de Parukhin et al., 1971). Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1907; Bona et al. 1995b; Paradižnik 1991a; 2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Janiszewska 1953; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza 1997; 1998b; 2000a); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Mazza 1963), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Balearic Sea (Carreras-Aubets et al. 2012b), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); East Mediterranean (Fischtal 1980; 1982; Saad-Farès 1985); Mediterranean (Nikolaeva & Kovaleva 1966; Naidenova & Mordvinova 1997); Black Sea (Vlasenko 1931; Butskaya 1952; Pogorel’tseva 1952a; Marinov & Golemansky 1989); Northwest Atlantic (Gibson & Bray 1986; Gibson et al. 2005); Northwest Pacific (Liu 1997). Host. Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868) (Mediterranean horse mackerel), Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic horse mackerel). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Hemiurus Rudolphi, 1809 [Syn. Apoblema Dujardin, 1845


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Pronopyge Looss, 1899 Metahemiurus Skrjabin & Guschanskaja, 1954]

Hemiurus appendiculatus (Rudolphi, 1802)

Synonyms. Fasciola appendiculata Rudolphi, 1802; Distoma appendiculatum Rudolphi, 1808; Distoma ventricosum Wagener, 1860. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1898; Bona et al. 1995b; Paradižnik 2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007a; 2007b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (this paper); Montenegrin freshwaters: Adriatic Sea drainage basin (Kažić 1970; Knežević et al. 1978; Ubelaker et al. 1981). Distribution. Mediterranean (Naidenova & Mordvinova 1997); Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Orecchia et al. 1998b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); East Mediterranean (Fischthal, 1980); Black Sea (Zernov 1913; Dimitrov 1991; Gaevskaya & Solonchenko 1997); Northeast Atlantic (Bray 1973); Northwest Atlantic (Hogans et al. 1993). Host. Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803) (twaite shad)*, Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) (European pilchard). Site of infection. Intestine. Remark. * As anadromous fish, the twaite shad was infected, probably, in freshwater.

Hemiurus communis Odhner, 1905

Synonyms. Distoma appendiculatum of Olsson, 1868; Distoma appendiculatum of Johnstone, 1868. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Paradižnik 2007), Central (Jardas & Hristovski 1985; Hristovski & Jardas 1991). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza 1998a); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Figus et al. 2005; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Balearic Sea (Grau et al. 1999; Fernandez-Jover et al. 2010), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Anato et al. 1991; Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a; Derbel et al. 2012); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Gibson & Bray 1986; Matthews & Matthews 1988; O'Connell & Fives 1995; Groenewold et al. 1996; Palm et al. 1999; Klimpel et al. 2003); East Atlantic (Paniagua & Vilas 2001); Baltic Sea (Reimer 1995; Zander 2003); European inland waters: Denmark (Køie 1988; Borgsteede et al. 1999). Host. Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (common pandora). Site of infection. Intestine.

Hemiurus luehei Odhner, 1905

Synonyms. Hemiurus ocreatus (Rudolphi,1802); Hemiurus stossichi Lühe,1901; Hemiurus rugosus Looss, 1907.


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Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1907; Paradižnik 2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007b), Central (Sey 1968; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Gibson & Bray 1986; Køie 1990; 2000; Bristow & Berland 1991; Williams et al. 1992; Groenewold et al. 1996; Palm et al. 1999; Lozano et al. 2001; Gaevskaya 2002b); Baltic Sea (Reimer 1995; Szostakowska & Sulgostowska 2001; Zander & 2002). Host. Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803) (twaite shad), Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) (European pilchard). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Lecithochirium Lühe, 1901

[Syn. Sterrhurus Looss, 1907 Ceratotrema Jones, 1933

Jajonetta Jones, 1933 Separogermiductes Skrjabin & Guschanskaja, 1955

Magniscyphus Reid, Coil & Kuntz, 1965 Neohysterolecitha Ahmad, 1977]

Lecithochirium conviva Lühe, 1901

Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Janiszewska 1953). Distribution. Southwest Pacific (Manter 1954). Host. Ophidion barbatum Linnaeus, 1758 (snake blenny). Site of infection. Intestine.

Lecithochirium grandiporum (Rudolphi, 1819)

Synonyms. Distoma grandiporum Rudolphi, 1819; Distomum rufoviride Rudolphi of Prenant (1886); Sterrhurus fusiformis (Lühe, 1901) Looss, 1907; Lecithochirium gravidum Looss of Baylis (1928, 1939); Lecithochirium fusiforme Lühe, 1901. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Parona 1902; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Janiszewska 1953; Sey 1970; Bona et al. 1995b). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Rudolphi 1819; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Sardinia (Culurgioni et al. 2006); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Northeast Atlantic (Gibson & Bray 1986; Matthews & Matthews 1988; Quintero-Alonso et al. 1988; Lozano et al. 2001); East Atlantic (Paniagua & Vilas 2001; Vilas et al. 2002; 2003); West Atlantic: Caribbean Sea (Dyer et al. 1992).


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Host. Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche, 1809) (bandtooth conger), Conger conger (Linnaeus, 1758) (European conger), Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche, 1809) (thinlip conger), Muraena helena Linnaeus, 1758 (Mediterranean moray). Site of infection. Intestine, Stomach.

Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907)

Synonyms. Sterrhurus musculus Looss, 1907; Brachyphallus musculus (Looss, 1907); Brachicephallus musculus Skrjabin & Guschanskaja, 1955; Lecitochirium branchialis Stunkard & Nigrelli in Nikolaeva, 1966; Lecitochirium floridensis Naidenova, 1974; Lecithochirium israelense Fischthal, 1980. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1907; Paradižnik 1989; 2007; Bona et al. 1995b; Berrilli et al. 2000; Di Cave et al. 2001; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007a; 2007b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1970; Jardas & Hristovski 1985; Hristovski & Jardas 1991; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989). Distribution. Mediterranean (Dollfus 1962; Orrechia & Paggi 1978); Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Brinkmann 1967; Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Kennedy et al. 1997; Paggi et al. 1998; Berrilli et al. 2000; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b; Ternengo et al. 2005; 2009), Balearic Sea (Carreras-Aubets et al. 2012a; 2012b), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980), Lebanon coast (Saad-Farès 1985); Black Sea (Naidenova 1974; Tepe et al. 2014); Northeast Atlantic (Gibson & Bray 1986; Lozano et al. 2001); East Atlantic (Paniagua & Vilas 2001; Vilas et al. 2003). Host. Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche, 1809) (bandtooth conger), Arnoglossus laterna (Walbaum, 1792) (Mediterranean scaldfish), Atherina hepsetus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mediterranean sand smelt), Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus, 1758) (spotted flounder), Conger conger (Linnaeus, 1758) (European conger), Gobius cruentatus Gmelin, 1789 (red-mouthed goby), Ophidion barbatum Linnaeus, 1758 (snake blenny), Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic mackerel), Serranus hepatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (brown comber), Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (grey wrasse), Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) (East Atlantic peacock wrasse), Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic horse mackerel). Site of infection. Intestine.

Lecithochirium physcon Lühe, 1901 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Lühe 1901; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Reported from the Adriatic Sea only. Host. Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus, 1758 (angler). Site of infection. Stomach.


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Lecithochirium rufoviride (Rudolphi, 1819) Synonyms. Distomum rufoviride Rudolphi, 1819; Hemiurus rufoviride (Rudolphi) of Looss, 1899; Distomum ocreatum Molin of Johnstone, 1907. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Janiszewska 1953; Sey 1970; Bona et al. 1995b). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b), Ligurian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008), Sardinia (Culurgioni et al. 2006); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); Black Sea (Zernov 1913); Northeast Atlantic (Matthews & Matthews 1988; Køie 1990; 2000; Treasurer 1997; Lozano et al. 2001; Álvarez et al. 2002); East Atlantic (Paniagua & Vilas 2001; Vilas et al. 2002). Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel), Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche, 1809) (bandtooth conger), Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus, 1758) (spotted flounder), Conger conger (Linnaeus, 1758) (European conger), Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream), Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) (common two-banded seabream), Ophidion barbatum Linnaeus, 1758 (snake blenny), Parablennius sanguinolentus (Pallas, 1814) (rusty blenny), Parablennius tentacularis (Brünnich, 1768) (tentacled blenny). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Lecithocladium Lühe, 1901

[Syn. Magnapharyngium Bilqees, 1971 Clefticolletta Sahai & Srivastava, 1978 Cleftocolleta Sahai & Srivastava, 1978

Colletostomum Sahai & Srivastava, 1978 Bengalotrema Malhotra, Nanda, Mukherjee, Ghosh, Sukul & Capoor, 1989]

Lecithocladium cristatum (Rudolphi, 1819)

Synonym. Distoma cristatum Rudolphi, 1819. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Southeast Pacific (Luque & Oliva 1993). Host. Stromateus fiatola Linnaeus, 1758 (blue butterfish). Site of infection. Stomach.

Lecithocladium excisum (Rudolphi, 1819)

Synonym. Distomum excisum Rudolphi, 1819.


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Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Janiszewska 1953; Sey 1968; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Mediterranean (Naidenova & Mordvinova 1997); Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Rudolphi 1819; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Balearic Sea (Carbonell et al. 1999; Fernandez-Jover et al. 2010; Carreras-Aubets et al. 2012a), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Brahim Tazi et al. 2009), Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); Southeast Mediterranean: Libya (Al-Bassel & Hussein 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980); Black Sea (Zernov 1913; Dimitrov 1991); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Bray 1973; Vassiliades 1985; Palm et al. 1999; Lozano et al. 2001); Indian Ocean: Bay of Bengal (Bashirullah 1973); West Pacific (Wang 1982; Shen 1989). Host. Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic mackerel). Site of infection. Stomach, intestine.

Genus Saturnius Manter, 1969

Saturnius papernai Overstreet, 1977

Synonym. Bunocotyle constrictus Domnich & Sarabaeev, 1999. Findings in the Adriatic. South (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Di Cave et al. 1997; Orecchia et al. 1998b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 1998; 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Overstreet 1977); Black Sea (Dimitrov et al. 1998; Pronkina 2001; Dmitrieva & Gaevskaya 2001); Azov Sea (Domnich & Sarabeev 2000a; Sarabeev & Domnich 2000). Host. Liza ramada (Risso, 1826) (thinlip grey mullet). Site of infection. Embedded between the grinding stomach lining and the layer of glandular cells.

Genus Synaptobothrium von Linstow, 1904

Synaptobothrium caudiporum (Rudolphi, 1819)

Synonyms. Distoma caudiporum Rudolphi, 1819; Synaptobothrium copulans von Linstow, 1904. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Mediterranean (Naidenova & Mordvinova 1997); Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica


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(Bartoli et al. 2005b), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Black Sea (Kovaleva 1965); Atlantic (Hemmingsen & MacKenzie 2001); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Gibson & Bray 1986; Lozano et al. 2001). Host. Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758 (John dory). Site of infection. Stomach.

Family Lecithasteridae Odhner, 1905

[Syn. Lobatovitelliovariidae Yamaguti, 1965]

Genus Aponurus Looss, 1907 [Syn. Brachadena Linton, 1910

Mordvilkoviaster Pigulewsky,1938 Bilqeesotrema Gupta & Jain, 1991]

Aponurus laguncula Looss, 1907

Synonym. Aponurus waltairensis Hussain, Rao & Shyamasundari, 1984. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss, 1907; Le Pommelet et al. 1997; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Mediterranean (Naidenova & Mordvinova 1997); Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orecchia et al. 1985; Bona et al. 1995b; Figus et al. 2005; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Le Pommelet et al. 1997), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Brahim Tazi et al. 2009); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980); Northeast Atlantic (Bray & MacKenzie 1990); Southwest Atlantic (Pereira et al. 2000); East Pacific (Leon-Regagnon et al. 1997); Northwest Pacific (Machida & Kuramochi 2000); Persian Gulf (Nahhas & Sey 2002). Host. Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761) (garfish). Site of infection. Stomach, intestine occasionally.

Genus Lecithaster Lühe, 1901

Lecithaster atherinae Orecchia, Paggi & Radujković, 1988 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995b; Paradižnik 2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007a; 2007b), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989). Distribution. Reported from the Adriatic Sea only. Host. Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810 (big-scale sand smelt), Atherina hepsetus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mediterranean sand smelt), Serranus hepatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (brown comber). Site of infection. Intestine.


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Lecithaster confusus Odhner, 1905 Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Jardas & Hristovski 1985; Hristovski & Jardas 1991; Bona et al. 1995b). Distribution. Mediterranean (Naidenova & Mordvinova 1997); Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Orecchia et al. 1998b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Marzoug et al. 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980); Azov Sea (Domnich & Sarabeev 2000a); Northeast Atlantic (Palm et al. 1999); Baltic Sea (Reimer 1995; Zander & Reimer 2002; Zander 2003); Northwest Atlantic (Reimer 1987; Hogans et al. 1993); West Atlantic (Simick & Underwood 1996). Host. Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 (red mullet), Myctophum punctatum Rafinesque, 1810 (spotted lanternfish), Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic mackerel). Site of infection. Intestine.

Lecithaster gibbosus (Rudolphi, 1802) Synonym. Fasciola gibbosus Rudolphi, 1802. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1970; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b); Mediterranean (Naidenova & Mordvinova 1997); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Molloy et al. 1993; Siddall et al. 1994; Groenewold et al. 1996; Olafsdottir 1997; El-Darsh et al. 1999b; Palm et al. 1999; Eydal & Ólafsdóttir 2003); Baltic Sea (Zander 2003); Northwest Atlantic (Zubchenko 1985; Arthur & Albert 1994; Arthur et al. 1995; Moran et al. 1996; Khan 1999; Bakay & Bakay 2002); Arctic Ocean (Grosdilova 1989; Wierzbicka 1992; Didenko 1994; Karasaev et al. 1996); Northeast Pacific (Gibson 1996; Wierzbicka & Piasecki 1998; Urawa & Kaeriyama 1999; Baldwin 2011); North Pacific (Blaylock et al. 1998); Northwest Pacific (Machida & Araki 1992; 1994; Didenko 1994). Host. Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) (European pilchard), Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 (chub mackerel), Serranus scriba (Linnaeus, 1758) (painted comber), Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (grey wrasse), Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758 (John dory). Site of infection. Intestine.

Lecithaster stellatus Looss, 1906

Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1906; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008) Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Bartoli & Boudouresque 1997; Sasal et al. 1999), Corsica


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(Bartoli et al. 2000b; 2005b); Northwest Pacific: coast of Japan (Machida & Kuramochi 2000); Southwest Pacific (Barker et al. 1994; Anderson & Barker 1998). Host. Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758) (common dentex), Spicara maena (Linnaeus, 1758) (blotched picarel). Site of infection. Intestine.

Family Ptychogonimidae Dollfus, 1937

Genus Ptychogonimus Lühe, 1900

Ptychogonimus megastomus (Rudolphi, 1819) Synonyms. Distoma megastomum Rudolphi, 1819; Distomum soccus Molin, 1858; Distoma lymphaticum von Linstow, 1903; Cercaria dentalii Pelsneer, 1906. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Bona et al.1995; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Gibson & Bray 1977; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Vassiliades 1985); Northwest Atlantic (Gibson et al. 2005); South Pacific (Shvetsova 1994b). Host. Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758) (tope shark), Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758) (smooth-hound). Site of infection. Stomach.

Family Sclerodistomidae Odhner, 1927 [Syn. Bhaleraoiidae Srivastava, 1948

Mabiaramidae Teixeira de Freitas & Kohn, 1967]

Genus Kenmackenzia Gibson, 1983

Kenmackenzia gigas (Nardo, 1827) Synonym. Distoma gigas Nardo, 1827. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Nardo 1827; 1833; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Monticelli 1893; Parona 1902), Ligurian Sea (Setti 1894); Northeast Atlantic (Monticelli 1889b; Blanchard 1891). Host. Luvarus imperialis Rafinesque, 1810 (luvar). Site of infection. Stomach.

Genus Sclerodistomum Looss, 1912

[Syn. Mabiarama Teixeira de Freitas & Kohn, 1967]


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Sclerodistomum italicum (Stossich, 1893) Synonym. Distomum italicum Stossich, 1893. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1893; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Vassiliades 1985); Southeast Atlantic (Fischthal 1972). Host. Lichia amia (Linnaeus, 1758) (leerfish). Site of infection. Intestine. Superfamily Lepocreadioidea Odhner, 1905

Family Aephnidiogenidae Yamaguti, 1934

Genus Holorchis Stossich, 1901

Holorchis micracanthum (Stossich, 1888) Synonym. Distomum micracanthum Stossich, 1888. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1888; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995b). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Sasal et al. 1999), Corsica (Bartoli & Bray 1996; Bartoli et al. 2005b); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a). Host. Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (common pandora). Site of infection. Intestine.

Holorchis pycnoporus Stossich, 1901

Synonyms. Holorchis ioannoui Brinkmann, 1967. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1901; Dollfus 1946a; 1948; Bona et al. 1995b; Paradižnik 2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007a; 2007b; Ortis & Paggi 2008; Klimpel et al. 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Akmirza 2000a); Central Mediterranean (Brinkmann 1967; Paggi & Orecchia 1974; Orecchia & Paggi 1974), Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Bartoli & Prévot 1978; Bartoli & Boudouresque 1997; Sasal et al. 1999), Corsica (Bartoli & Bray 1996; Bartoli et al. 2005b; Ternengo et al. 2009); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a; Derbel et al. 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980), Lebanon coast (Saad-Farès 1985); Northeast Atlantic (Bray & Gibson 1997); Southeast Atlantic (Bray 1985).


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Host. Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) (sand steenbras), Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (common pandora), Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) (European pilchard). Site of infection. Intestine.

Family Deropristidae Cable & Hunninen, 1942 [Syn. Pristicolinae Yamaguti, 1938]

Genus Deropristis Odhner, 1902

Deropristis hispida (Rudolphi, 1819)

Synonyms. Distoma hispida Abildgaard in Rudolphi, 1819; Echinostoma hispida of van Beneden, 1870, nec Cobbold, 1858. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Ninni 1900; Odhner 1902b; Bona et al. 1995b), Central (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Black Sea (Bauer et al. 2002); Azov Sea (Bauer et al. 2002); Northeast Atlantic (van Beneden 1870); Northwest Atlantic (Choudhury & Dick 1998); Russian inland waters (Schulman 1954). Host. Acipenser sturio Linnaeus, 1758 (sturgeon). Site of infection. Intestine.

Deropristis inflata (Molin, 1859)

Synonyms. Distomum inflatum Molin, 1859; Echinostomum hispida van Beneden, 1870. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Molin 1859; Stossich 1886; Bona et al. 1995b; Berrilli et al. 2000; Di Cave et al. 2001; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1968; 1970; Bona et al. 1995b; Berrilli et al. 2000), South (Ergens, 1960; Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Sea of Marmara (Altunel 1990); Central Mediterranean: Ionian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b), Italian coast (Molin 1859; Parona 1887; Paggi et al. 1979), Tyrrhenian Sea (Berrilli et al. 2000; Bona et al. 1995b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Sardinia (Culurgioni et al. 2010); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Maillard 1976), Corsica (Caillot et al. 1999; Ternengo et al. 2005), Balearic Sea (Maíllo et al. 2005), Alboran Sea (Outeiral et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Nabil et al. 2009), Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Choudhury & Dick 1998); Black Sea (Zernov 1913); Northeast Atlantic (Køie 1988; Kennedy 1993; 1997; 2000; Mo & Sterud 1998; Borgsteede et al. 1999; Palm et al. 1999; Sterud 1999; Lozano et al. 2001; Outeiral et al. 2001; Kristmundsson & Helgason 2007); Baltic Sea (Markowski 1933; Sulgostowska 1993; Orecka-Grabda & Wierzbicka 1994; Reimer 1995; 2003;


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Zander & Reimer 2002); Nortwest Atlantic (Margolis & Arthur 1979; Choudhury & Dick 1998). Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel). Site of infection. Intestine.

Family Gyliauchenidae Fukui, 1929

[Syn. Dissotrematidae Goto & Matsudaira, 1918 Robphildollfusiidae Paggi & Orecchia, 1963]

Genus Robphilodollfusium Paggi & Orecchia, 1963

Robphilodollfusium fractum (Rudolphi, 1819)

Synonyms. Distomum fractum (Rudolphi, 1819); Podocotyle fractum (Rudolphi, 1819). Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Stossich 1888; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1970; Bona et al. 1995b). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Italian coast (Paggi & Orecchia 1963); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Timon-David 1937), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Balearic Sea (Pellicer et al. 1990), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a; Derbel et al. 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980); Northeast Atlantic (Gijon-Botella & Lopez-Roman 1989; Lozano et al. 2001; Hall & Cribb 2005). Host. Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) (bogue), Sarpa salpa (Linnaeus, 1758) (salema). Site of infection. Intestine.

Family Lepidapedidae Yamaguti, 1958

Genus Lepidapedon Stafford, 1904

[Syn. Lepodora Odhner, 1905]

Lepidapedon elongatum (Lebour, 1908) Synonym. Lepidapedon microcotyleum Odhner in Dollfus, 1953. Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Sey 1970; Jardas & Hristovski 1985; Hristovski & Jardas 1991). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Akmirza 1997); Mediterranean (Bray & Gibson 1995); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Black Sea (Gaevskaya 1990); Atlantic Ocean (Bray 1995; Bray & Gibson 1995; Hemmingsen & MacKenzie 2001); Northeast Atlantic (Bray 1973; Bray & des Clers 1992; Bray & Gibson 1995; 1997; Bray et al. 1999; Palm et al. 1999); Baltic Sea (Reimer & Walter 1993; Reimer 1995); Northwest Atlantic (Bray & Gibson 1995;


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Gaevskaya 1996a; Khan 1999); Southeast Atlantic (Bray 1995); Indian Ocean: Arabian Sea (Bilqees 1995); Southwest Indian Ocean (Bray 1995; Bray & Gibson 1995); Northwest Pacific: Japan (Machida & Araki 1994); Arctic Ocean (Karasaev et al. 1996). Host. Microchirus variegatus (Donovan, 1808) (thickback sole), Spicara maena (Linnaeus, 1758) (blotched picarel), Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (picarel). Site of infection. Intestine. Remark. This species is considered as parasite of cod according to Bray & Gibson (1995).

Family Lepocreadiidae Odhner, 1905

Genus Dihemistephanus Looss, 1901

Dihemistephanus lydiae (Stossich, 1896)

Synonyms. Echinostoma lydiae Stossich, 1896; Stephanostomum lydiae (Stossich) of Looss, 1899. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1896: Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995b). Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean Sea: Gulf of Lion (Dollfus 1946a); Northeast Atlantic (Bray & Gibson 1997); Southwest Pacific, New Zeland (Manter 1960). Host. Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) (ocean sunfish). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Lepocreadium Stossich, 1904

Lepocreadium album (Stossich, 1890)

Synonyms. Distomum album Stossich, 1890; Allocreadium album Stossich, 1901. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1890a; 1891; Bona et al. 1995b; Paradižnik 2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007a; 2007b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1970; Bona et al. 1995b), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza 1998a; 2000a; 2001); Central Mediterranean: Italian coast (Paggi & Orecchia 1976; Orecchia & Paggi 1978), Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Sasal et al. 1999), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b; Ternengo et al. 2009); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980; 1982), Lebanon coast (Saad-Farès 1985; Saad-Farès & Maillard 1990; Saad-Farès & Combes 1992b); Northeast Atlantic (Saad-Farès 1985).


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Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream), Diplodus sargus (Linnaeus, 1758) (white seabream), Spondyliosoma cantharus (Linnaeus, 1758) (black seabream). Site of infection. Intestine.

Lepocreadium pegorchis (Stossich, 1901)

Synonym. Allocreadium pegorchis Stossich, 1901. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1901; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995b). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Sardinia (Mariniello et al. 2000); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Bartoli 1966; 1967; 1983; 1987), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Balearic Sea (Pellicer et al. 1990); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a; Derbel et al. 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980), Lebanon coast (Saad-Farès & Maillard 1990; Saad-Farès & Combes 1992a; 1992b). Host. Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (picarel). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Opechona Looss, 1907

[Syn. Neopechona Stunkard, 1969 Pharyngora Lebour, 1908]

Opechona bacillaris (Molin, 1859)

Synonyms. Distomum bacillare Molin, 1859; Distomum (Dicrocoelium) bacillare (Molin, 1859) Stossich, 1886; Distomum increscens Olsson, pro parte 1868; Pharyngora bacillaris (Molin, 1859) Lebour, 1908; Pharyngora retractilis Lebour, 1908. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Molin 1859; Stossich 1887; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Janiszewska 1953; Sey 1968; Jardas & Hristovski 1985; Hristovski & Jardas 1991; Bona et al. 1995b). Distribution. Mediterranean (Naidenova & Mordvinova 1997); Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza 1998b); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008): Southwest Mediteranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Bray & Gibson 1990; 1997; Karlsbakk et al. 1994); Indian Ocean (Bray 1995; Bray & Gibson 1990). Host. Centrolophus niger (Gmelin, 1789) (rudderfish), Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 (chub mackerel), Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic mackerel). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Prodistomum Linton, 1910


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[Syn. Acanthocolpoides Travassos, Freitas & Bührnheim, 1965]

Prodistomum orientalis (Layman, 1930) Synonyms. Pharyngora orientalis Layman, 1930; Opechona orientalis (Layman, 1930) Ward & Fillingham, 1934; Opechona orientalis (Layman, 1930) Yamaguti, 1934; Lepocreadium scombri (Yamaguti, 1938); Opechona scombri Yamaguti, 1938; Lepocreadium retrusum Linton, 1940; Neolepidapedon retrusum (Linton, 1940) Sogandares-Bernal & Hutton, 1960; Acanthocolpoides pauloi Travassos & Teixeira de Freitas, 1965; Prodistomum pauloi (Travassos & Teixeira de Freitas, 1965); Lepocreadium ghanense Fischthal & Thomas, 1970; Acanthocolpoides guevarai Lopez-Roman, 1979; Acanthocolpoides israelensis Fischthal, 1980; Prodistomum israelensis (Fischthal, 1980); Lepocreadium puriense Gupta & Gupta, 1987. Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Janiszewska 1953; Sey 1970). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Southwest Mediteranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980); Southeast Atlantic (Bray & Gibson 1990; Bray & Cribb 1996); Northwest Atlantic (Linton 1940; Sogandares-Bernal & Hutton 1960); North Pacific (Layman 1930; Yamaguti 1938b; 1939; 1940); Northwest Pacific (Bray & Gibson 1990; Bray & Cribb 1996); East Pacific (Bray & Gibson 1990; Southeast Pacific (Manter 1940). Host. Gaidropsarus vulgaris (Cloquet, 1824) (three-bearded rockling), Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 (chub mackerel), Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic mackerel), Spicara maena (Linnaeus, 1758) (blotched picarel), Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (picarel), Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758 (John dory). Site of infection. Intestine. Remark. Janiszewska (1953) reported this species from scombrids. Sey (1970) reported this species (as Neolepidapedon retrusum (Linton, 1940)) from other mentioned hosts.

Prodistomum polonii (Molin, 1859) Synonims. Distomum polonii Molin, 1859; Distomum (Echinostomum) polonii (Molin, 1859) Stossich, 1886; Pharyngora polonii (Molin, 1859) Odhner, 1911; Opechona polonii (Molin, 1859) Odhner, 1911. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Janiszewska 1953; Sey 1970; Bona et al. 1995b). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980); Black Sea (Bray & Gibson 1990; Bray & Cribb 1996); Northeast Atlantic (Bray & Gibson 1997).


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Host. Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868) (Mediterranean horse mackerel), Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic horse mackerel). Site of infection. Intestine.

Superfamily Microphalloidea Ward, 1901

Family Faustulidae Poche, 1926 [Syn. Discogasteroididae Srivastava, 1939

Discogasteroidinae Srivastava, 1939 Antorchinae Skrjabin & Koval, 1957

Antorchiinae Yamaguti, 1958 Baccigeridae Yamaguti, 1958 Baccigerinae Yamaguti, 1958

Parantorchiinae Yamaguti, 1958 Pentagramminae Yamaguti, 1958

Pseudosellacotylinae Yamaguti, 1958 Echinobrevivecinae Dronen, Blend & McEachran, 1994]

Genus Bacciger Nicoll, 1914

[Syn. (?) Ovotrema Pigulewsky, 1938]

Bacciger bacciger (Rudolphi, 1819) Synonyms. Distoma baccigerum Rudolphi, 1819; (?) Cercaria lata Lespés, 1857; (?) Cercaria pectinata Huet, 1891; (?) Cercaria lutea (van Beneden) of Giard, 1897; Distoma (Dicrocoelium) baccigerum (Rudolphi) Parona, 1912; Dicrocoelium baccigerum (Rudolphi) Zernov, 1913; Baciger nicolli Palombi, 1934; Pseudobacciger nicolli (Palombi) Yamaguti, 1971; (?) Ovotrema pontica Pigulewsky, 1938; (?) Steringotrema (Ovotrema) ponticum (Pigulewsky) Yamaguti, 1953. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1888; 1889; Bona et al. 1995b; Paradižnik 2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007a; 2007b), Central (Sey 1970; Bona et al. 1995b), South (Orecchia et al. 1988 Radujković et al. 1989; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza 1997; 1998a); Central Mediterranean: Italian coast (Rudolphi 1819; Palombi 1934; Orecchia & Paggi 1978), Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Carrere 1937; Renaud et al. 1980), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b); Black Sea (Zernov 1913; Skrjabin & Koval 1957; Nikolaeva 1963; Parukhin et al. 1971; Parukhin 1976; Gaevskaya & Naidenova 1996); Caspian Sea (Nikitina 1983); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Bray & Gibson 1980). Host. Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810 (big-scale sand smelt), Atherina hepsetus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mediterranean sand smelt), Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) (bogue).


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Bacciger israelensis Fischthal, 1980 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Gaevskaya & Naidenova 1996; Gibson et al. 2005). Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Balearic Sea (Fernandez-Jover et al. 2010), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a; Derbel et al. 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980), Lebanon coast (Saad-Fares & Combes 1992a; 1992b); Black Sea (Dimitrov & Bray 1994). Host. Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) (bogue). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Pronoprymna Poche, 1926

[Syn. Orientophorus Srivastava, 1935 Pentagramma Chulkova, 1939 nec Van Duzee, 1897

Pseudopentagramma Yamaguti, 1971]

Pronoprymna petrowi (Layman, 1930) Synonyms. Monorcheides petrowi Layman, 1930; Orientophorus petrowi (Layman, 1930); Orientophorus sayori Yamaguti, 1942; Faustula sayori Yamaguti, 1958; Baciger petrowi Zhukov, 1960; Pentagramma petrowi Margolis & Ching, 1965; Pseudopentagramma petrowi Yamaguti, 1971. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Paradižnik 2007, Paradižnik & Radujković 2007b), South (this paper); Montenegrin freshwaters: Adriatic Sea drainage basin (Kažić 1970; Knežević et al. 1978; Ubelaker et al. 1981). Distribution. Black Sea (Naidenova 1974); Red Sea (Parukhin 1975); South Atlantic (Parukhin 1975); Indian ocean (Madhavi 1975); North Pacific (Arthur et al. 1995); Northeast Pacific (Gibson et al. 2005); West Pacific (Nagasawa et al. 1989). Host. Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803) (twaite shad), Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel), Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) (European pilchard). Site of infection. Intestine and pyloric caeca. Remark. As catadromous (eel) or anadromous fish (twaite shad), both host species were infected, probably, in freshwater.

Pronoprymna ventricosum (Rudolphi, 1819)

Synonyms. Distoma ventricosum Rudolphi, 1819; Pronoprymna ventricosa (Rudolphi, 1819) Poche, 1926; Apoblema ventricosum (Rudolphi) Monticelli, 1893; Pronopyge ventricosa (Rudolphi) Odhner, 1911; Distoma ocreatum (Rudolphi) of Molin (1859; 1861); Apoblema ocreatum (Rudolphi) of Monticelli (1891); Pronopyge ocreata (Rudolphi) of Looss (1899); Distomum carolinae Stossich, 1888; Pronopyge carolinae (Stossich) Dollfus, 1968; Pentagramma carolinae (Stossich) Koval, Paschkevitschute,


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Boschko, Kovalenko & Stavrovsky, 1973; Pentagramma symmetricum Chulkova, 1939; Pseudopentagramma symmetricum (Chulkova) Yamaguti, 1971; Orientophorus caspialosae Kurochkin, 1964; Pseudopentagramma caspialosae (Kurochkin) Yamaguti, 1971. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Marzoug et al. 2012); Black Sea (Machkevsky 1990; Machkevsky et al. 1990; Cetindag 1993; Gibson et al. 2005); Caspian Sea (Gibson et al. 2005); Northeast Atlantic (Bray & Gibson 1980; Groenewold et al. 1996; Palm et al. 1999; Lozano et al. 2001). Host. Alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (allis shad). Site of infection. Intestine and stomach.

Family Zoogonidae Odhner, 1902 [Syn. Cephaloporidae Yamaguti, 1934 Steganodermatidae Yamaguti, 1934

Dupliciporiidae Reimer, 1985]

Genus Diphterostomum Stossich, 1903 [Syn. Diphtherostomum Stafford, 1905

Zoonogenus Nicoll, 1912 Neodiphterostomum Bilqees, Shaukat & Haseeb, 2003]

Diphterostomum betencourti (Monticelli, 1893)

Synonym. Distomum betencourti Monticelli, 1893; Pleurogenes betencourti (Monticelli, 1893) Stossich, 1899; Distoma lutea van Beneden, 1871; Brachycoelium luteum (van Beneden, 1871) Giard, 1897; Diphterostomum luteum (van Beneden, 1871) Stossich, 1903; Distomum (Brachycoelium) luteum (van Beneden, 1871) Giard, 1907. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1904; Bona et al. 1995b). Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (van Beneden, 1870). Host. Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758) (small-spotted catshark), Scyliorhinus stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (nursehound). Site of infection. Spiral valve.

Diphterostomum brusinae (Stossich, 1888)

Synonyms. Distomum brusinae Stossich, 1888; Pleurogenes brusinae Stossich, 1899; Distoma (Brachycaecum) brusinae Barbagallo & Drago, 1903; Diphterostomum sargus annularis Vlasenko, 1931; Diphterostomum spari Yamaguti, 1938; Diphterostomum macrosaccum Montgomery, 1957; Diphterostomum anisotremi Nahhas & Cable, 1964;


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Diphterostomum tropicum Durio & Manter, 1968; Diphterostomum israelense Bray & Gibson, 1986. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1888; Looss 1901; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1970; Bray & Gibson 1986; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Ergens 1960; Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Sea of Marmara (Oguz 1995b), Aegean Sea (Brinkmann 1967; Papoutsoglou 1976), Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Sasal et al. 1999), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b; Ternengo et al. 2009), Balearic Sea (Campos et al. 1991; Campos & Carbonell 1994; Carreras-Aubets et al. 2012a), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a; Derbel et al. 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980); Black Sea (Vlasenko 1931; Naidenova 1974; Korniychuk 1997); Northeast Atlantic (Lozano et al. 2001); Northwest Atlantic (Salgado-Maldonado & Kennedy 1997; Salgado-Maldonado et al. 1997); Southeast Atlantic (Gaevskaya 1996b); Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf (Sey et al. 2003); Southeast Pacific (Luque & Oliva 1993); Southwest Pacific (Hall et al. 1999). Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream), Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) (common two-banded seabream), Oblada melanura (Linnaeus, 1758) (saddled seabream), Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) (East Atlantic peacock wrasse). Site of infection. Intestine, pyloric caeca and rectum.

Genus Lecithostaphylus Odhner, 1911

[Syn. Manteroderma Skrjabin, 1957 Cypseluritrema Yamaguti, 1970

Steganoderma (Opisthoarchiotrema) Gupta & Sharma, 1974]

Lecithostaphylus retroflexus (Molin, 1858) Synonym. Distomum retroflexus Molin, 1859; Steganoderma retroflexum (Molin, 1859). Findings in the Adriatic. North (Molin 1858; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1970; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976), Dardanelles (Keser et al. 2007); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2003; 2005b); Black Sea (Bartoli et al. 2003); Northeast Atlantic (Gijon-Botella & Lopez-Roman 1989; Lozano et al. 2001; Bartoli et al. 2003); South Africa (Bartoli et al. 2003). Host. Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761) (garfish). Site of infection. Intestine.


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Genus Zoogonoides Odhner, 1902

Zoogonoides viviparus (Olsson, 1868) Synonyms. Distoma viviparus Olsson, 1868; Zoogonus viviparus (Olsson, 1868) Looss, 1901. Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Sey 1970). Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Køie 1976; 2000; Quintero-Alonso et al. 1988; Rohde 1994; Siddall & Des Clers 1994; Siddall et al. 1994; Olafsdottir 1997; El-Darsh & Whitfield 1999b; Palm et al. 1999; Eydal & Ólafsdóttir 2003; Klimpel et al. 2003), Baltic Sea (Zander 2003); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Bray et al. 2005); Northwest Atlantic (Scott 1975a; 1975b; Zubchenko 1980; 1985); Arctic Ocean (Mitenev et al. 1991; Lile 1998; Olafsdottir 1999); Indian Ocean: Bay of Bengal (Sujatha & Madhavi 1990); Northwest Pacific (Machida & Araki 1994). Host. Parablennius gattorugine (Linnaeus, 1758) (tompot blenny). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Zoogonus Looss, 1901

Zoogonus rubellus (Olsson, 1868) Synonyms. Distoma rubellum Olsson, 1868; Zoogonus mirus Looss, 1901. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1901), Central (Sey 1970). Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Sasal et al. 1999), Balearic Sea (Campos et al. 1991; Campos & Carbonell 1994), Corsica (Jousson et al. 1999; Bartoli et al. 2005b); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2010; Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a); Northeast Atlantic (Bray & Gibson 1986); Southeast Atlantic (Parukhin 1966; Bray & Gibson 1986); Northwest Atlantic (Thoney 1991; 1993); Red Sea (Bray & Gibson 1986); East Pacific (Campos et al. 1991); Southeast Pacific (Tantalean et al. 1992; Luque & Oliva 1993; Oliva & Luque 2002). Host. Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus, 1758) (spotted flounder), Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) (East Atlantic peacock wrasse). Site of infection. Intestine. Superfamily Monorchioidea Odhner, 1911

Family Lissorchiidae Magath, 1917 [Syn. Asymphilodorinae Szidat, 1943

Asymphilodoridae Mehra, 1963]

Genus Asymphylodora Looss, 1899 [Syn. Parasymphilodora Szidat, 1943


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Orientotrema Tang, 1962]

Asymphylodora markewitschi Kulakovskaja, 1947 – new for Adriatic Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper), Montenegrin freshwaters: Adriatic Sea drainage basin (Kažić 1970; Ubelaker et al. 1981). Distribution. European freshwaters: Czechoslovakia (Gibson et al. 2005), Turkey (Oguz & Ozturk 1993), Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Ukraine (Fauna Europea 2004). Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel). Site of infection. Intestine. Remark. As catadromous fish, the eel was infected, probably, in freshwater.

Family Monorchiidae Odhner, 1911

Genus Lasiotocus Looss, 1907

[Syn. Ancylocoelium Nicoll, 1912 Chrisomon Manter & Pritchard, 1961]

Lasiotocus mulli (Stossich, 1883)

Synonym. Distomum mulli Stossich, 1883. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1883; Bona et al. 1995b; Le Pommelet et al. 1997; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995b). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Le Pommelet et al. 1997), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b; Ternengo et al. 2009), Balearic Sea (Carreras-Aubets et al. 2012a); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Brahim Tazi et al. 2009); Indian Ocean (Madhavi 2008); Pacific Ocean (Madhavi 2008). Host. Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 (red mullet). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Monorchis Looss, 1902

[Syn. Bathymonorchis Bray & Gaevskaya, 1993]

Monorchis monorchis (Stossich, 1890) Synonyms. Distomum monorchis Stossich, 1890; Distomum tartinii Stossich, 1890; Monorchis parvus Looss, 1902. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1890a; Looss 1902c; Odhner 1911a; Bona et al. 1995b; Paradižnik 2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007a; 2007b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1968; Hristovski & Jardas 1983; 1991; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Radujković et al. 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Italian coast (Orecchia & Paggi 1978), Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al.


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1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean (Timon-David 1937; Prévot & Bartoli 1967; Bartoli et al. 2005b), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a); Black Sea (Vlasenko 1931; Pogorel’tseva 1952a; Dolgikh & Naidenova 1967; Naidenova & Gaevskaya 1978); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Lozano et al. 2001). Host. Arnoglossus laterna (Walbaum, 1792) (mediterranean scaldfish), Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) (bogue), Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream), Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) (common two-banded seabream), Parablennius gattorugine (Linnaeus, 1758) (tompot blenny), Spicara maena (Linnaeus, 1758) (blotched picarel). Site of infection. Intestine.

Monorchis parvus Looss, 1902

Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1902c; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Jousson & Bartoli 2002), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2000a; 2005b; Jousson et al. 2000; Jousson & Bartoli 2002); Northeast Atlantic (Bartoli et al. 2000a; 2005b). Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream), Diplodus sargus (Linnaeus, 1758) (white seabream). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Proctotrema Odhner, 1911

Proctotrema bacilliovatum Odhner, 1911

Synonyms. Genelopa bacilliovatum Hopkins, 1941; Lasiotocus bacilliovatum Yamaguti, 1958. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Odhner 1911a; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza 2000b); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Bartoli & Prévot 1966; Le Pommelet et al. 1997), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Balearic Sea (Carreras-Aubets et al. 2012a); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Brahim Tazi et al. 2009), Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); East Mediterranean (Fischthal 1980; 1982); Black Sea (Pogorel’tseva 1952a). Host. Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 (red mullet), Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758 (surmullet). Site of infection. Intestine. Superfamily Opisthorchioidea Braun, 1901


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[Syn. Heterophyoidea Faust, 1929; Opistorchoidea Faust, 1929]

Family Cryptogonimidae Ward, 1917 [Syn. Siphoderidae Linton, 1910 Acanthostomidae Poche, 1926

Acanthocollaritrematidae Travassos, Freitas & Bührnheim, 1965 Isocoelidae Pan, 1984]

Genus Anisocladium Looss, 1902

[Syn. Anisogaster Looss, 1901 nec Deyrolle, 1862]

Anisocladium fallax (Rudolphi, 1819) Synonyms. Distoma fallax Rudolphi, 1819; Echinostomum fallax (Rudolphi, 1819) Cobbold, 1860; Anoiktostoma fallax (Rudolphi, 1819) Stossich, 1899; Anisogaster fallax (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1901; Anisogaster gracilis Looss, 1901. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Stossich 1886; Looss 1901; Bona et al. 1995b; Paradižnik 1992; 2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Janiszewska 1953; Sey 1968; Hristovski & Jardas 1991; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Sea of Marmara (Oguz 1995b), Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Orecchia & Paggi 1978); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli & Gibson 2000; Bartoli et al. 2005b), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Black Sea (Pogorel’tseva 1952a; Brinkmann 1967; Tepe et al. 2014). Host. Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 (red mullet), Uranoscopus scaber Linnaeus, 1758 (stargazer). Site of infection. Gall bladder.

Anisocladium gracile (Looss, 1901)

Synonym. Anisogaster gracilis Looss, 1901. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1901; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Janiszewska 1953; Sey 1970; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Northwest Mediterranean (Bartoli & Gibson 2000; Bartoli et al. 2005b); Black Sea (Tepe et al. 2014). Host. Uranoscopus scaber Linnaeus, 1758 (stargazer). Site of infection. Posterior part of intestine.

Genus Anisocoelium Lühe, 1900


114

Anisocoelium capitellatum (Rudolphi, 1819) Synonym. Distomum capitellatum Rudolphi, 1819. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Stossich 1886; Lühe 1900; Parona 1912; Bona et al. 1995b; Paradižnik 1992; 2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Janiszewska 1953; Sey 1968; Hristovski & Jardas 1983; 1991; Jardas & Hristovski 1985; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Sea of Marmara (Oguz 1995b), Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Italian coast (Orecchia & Paggi 1978), Tyrrhenian Sea (Monticelli 1893; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Willemoes-Suhm 1871; Sonsino 1890); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Mathias 1934; Timon-David 1937), Corsica (Bartoli & Gibson 2000; Bartoli et al. 2005b), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Black Sea (Zernov 1913; Vlassenko 1931; Tepe et al. 2014). Host. Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 (red mullet), Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758 (surmullet), Uranoscopus scaber Linnaeus, 1758 (stargazer). Site of infection. Gall blladder, intestine.

Genus Anoikostoma Stosssich, 1899 [Syn. Ryjkovia Gaevskaya & Aljoshkina, 1985]

Anoikostoma coronatum (Wagener, 1852)

Synonyms. Distoma corvinae Stossich, 1855; Anoiktostoma aloysiae Stossich, 1885; Anoikostoma corvinae Stossich, 1886. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1855; Bona et al. 1995b), Central (Bona et al. 1995b). Distribution. Central Mediterranenan: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b); Northwest Meditarranean: Corsica (Holmes & Bartoli 1993; Bartoli & Gibson 1995; Bartoli et al. 2005b); Northeast Atlantic (Miller & Cribb 2008). Host. Sciaena umbra Linnaeus, 1758 (brown meagre). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Aphallus Poche, 1926

[Syn. Santeria Bray, 1986]

Aphallus tubarium (Rudolphi, 1819) Synonyms. Distomum fuscescens Rudolphi, 1819; Distomum tubarium Rudolphi, 1819; Acanthostomum inerme Stossich, 1905; Acanthochasmus inermis Stossich, 1905; Acanthochasmus inerme (Stossich, 1905); Acanthostomum inermis (Stossich, 1905) Yamaguti, 1958; Distomum (Cryptogonimus) tubarium (Rudolphi, 1819) of Nicoll, 1915; Aphallus fuscescens (Rudolphi, 1819) Yamaguti, 1971.


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Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1882; 1905; Carus 1885; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Janiszewska 1953; Jardas & Hristovski 1985; Hristovski & Jardas 1991; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Mediterranean (Lamothe-Argumedo & Ponciano-Rodriguez 1986); Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Sasal et al. 1999), Balearic Sea (Carreras-Aubets et al. 2012a), Corsica (Dollfus 1952; Bartoli & Bray 1987; Bartoli et al. 2005b); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Brahim Tazi et al. 2009), Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); Black Sea (Korniychuk & Gaevskaya 2004); Northeast Atlantic (Bartoli & Bray 1987). Host. Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758) (common dentex), Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) (European seabass), Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 (chub mackerel), Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (shi drum). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Metadena Linton, 1910 [Syn. Achoerus Vlassenko, 1931

Siphoderoides Manter, 1940 Pseudosiphoderoides Yamaguti, 1958

Disacanthus Oshmarin, Mamev & Parukhin, 1961]

Metadena depressa (Stossich, 1883) Synonym. Distomum depressum Stossich,1883. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich1883; Bona et al. 1995b; Paradižnik 2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007a; 2007b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Janiszewska 1953; Bona et al. 1995b). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Sasal et al. 1999), Corsica (Bartoli & Bray 1987; Bartoli & Gibson 2001; Bartoli et al. 2005b). Host. Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) (bogue), Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758) (common dentex). Site of infection. Intestine.

Metadena pauli (Vlassenko, 1931)

Synonym. Achoerus pauli Vlassenko, 1931. Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Sey 1970). Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Holmes & Bartoli 1993; Bartoli & Gibson 1995; 2001; Bartoli et al. 2005b); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980); Black Sea (Vlassenko 1931; Machkevsky 1990; Korniychuk 1997; 2001b); Northeast Atlantic (Bartoli & Gibson 1995).


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Host. Sciaena umbra Linnaeus, 1758 (brown meagre). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Siphoderina Manter, 1934

[Syn. Paracryptogonimus Yamaguti, 1934 Lappogonimus Oshmarin, Mamaev & Parukhin, 1961]

Siphoderina aloysiae (Stossich, 1885)

Synonyms. Distomum aloysiae Stossich, 1885; Anoikostoma aloysiae (Stossich, 1885); Paracryptogonimus aloysiae (Stossich, 1885). Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1885; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Holmes & Bartoli 1993; Bartoli & Gibson 1995; Bartoli et al. 2005b). Host. Sciaena umbra Linnaeus, 1758 (brown meagre). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Timoniella Rebecq, 1960

[Syn. Palaezia Lamothe-Argumedo & Ponciano-Rodríguez, 1986]

Timoniella imbutiforme (Molin, 1859) Synonyms. Distoma imbutiforme (Molin, 1859) Stossich, 1886; Echinostomum imbutiforme (Molin, 1859) Stossich, 1898; Anoikostoma imbutiforme (Molin, 1859) Stossich, 1899; Acanthochasmus imbutformis (Molin, 1859) Looss, 1900; Acanthostomum imbutiforme (Molin, 1859). Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1886; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Janiszewska 1953; Bona et al. 1995b). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; McDowall & James 1988; Palm et al. 1999; El-Darsh & Whitfield 1999a; 1999b; 2000a; 2000b; Lozano et al. 2001; Santos 2003). Host. Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758) (common dentex), Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) (European seabass). Site of infection. Intestine.

Timoniella praeteritum (Looss, 1901) Synonym. Acanthochasmus praeteritum Looss, 1901. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1901; Ortis & Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Paggi et al. 1998a; Gibson et al. 2005); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Caillot et al. 1999; Bartoli et al. 2005b); Northeast Atlantic (El-Darsh & Whitfield 1999a; 1999b). Host. Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) (European seabass).


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Site of infection. Intestine. Superfamily Paramphistomoidea Fischoeder, 1901

Family Mesometridae Poche, 1926 [Syn. Mesometrinae Poche, 1926

Wardulinae Paggi & Orecchia, 1964]

Genus Centroderma Lühe, 1901 [Syn. Stossichiella Orecchia & Paggi, 1964]

Centroderma spinosissima (Stossich, 1883)

Synonyms. Monostomum spinosissima Stossich, 1883; Stossichiella spinosissima (Stossich, 1883). Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1883; Ninni 1900; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1970; Bona et al. 1995b). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orrechia & Paggi 1964; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Jousson et al. 1998a; Jousson et al. 1998b; Jousson & Bartoli 1999), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Balearic Sea (Pellicer et al. 1990), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a; Derbel et al. 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980); Northeast Atlantic (Bartoli 1987; Lozano et al. 2001). Host. Sarpa salpa Linnaeus, 1758 (salema). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Elstia Bray, 1984

Elstia stossichianum (Monticelli, 1892) Synonyms. Monostomum stossichianum Monticelli, 1892; Centroderma stossichianum (Monticelli, 1892). Findings in the Adriatic. North (Monticelli 1892). Distribution. Mediterranean: Italian coast (Paggi & Orecchia 1964), Tyrrhenian Sea (Orecchia & Paggi 1978; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Bartoli 1987; Jousson et al. 1998a; Jousson et al. 1998b; Jousson & Bartoli 1999), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Balearic Sea (Pellicer et al. 1990), Alboran Sea (López-Román & Guevara-Pozo 1970; 1974); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a); Northeast


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Atlantic (Gijon-Botella & López-Román 1989; Lozano et al. 2001); South African coast (Bray 1984). Host. Sarpa salpa Linnaeus, 1758 (salema). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Mesometra Lühe, 1901

Mesometra brachycoelia Lühe, 1901

Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Sey 1968). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Italian coast (Lühe 1901; Paggi & Orecchia 1964), Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Bartoli 1987; Jousson et al. 1998a; Jousson et al. 1998b), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Balearic Sea (Pellicer et al. 1990), Alboran Sea (López-Román & Guevara-Pozo 1974); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri & Maamouri 2008; Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a; Derbel et al. 2012); Northeast Atlantic (Bartoli 1987; Gijon-Botella & López-Román 1989). Host. Sarpa salpa Linnaeus, 1758 (salema). Site of infection. Intestine.

Mesometra orbicularis (Rudolphi, 1819)

Synonym. Monostomum orbiculare Rudolphi, 1819. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1883; Bona et al. 1995b), Central (Sey 1968; Bona et al. 1995b). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Italian coast (Lühe 1901; Paggi & Orecchia 1964; Orecchia & Paggi 1978), Tyrrhenian Sea (Rudolphi 1819; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Timon-David 1937; Dollfus 1947a; Bartoli 1987; Jousson et al. 1998a; Jousson et al. 1998b), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Balearic Sea (Pellicer et al. 1990), Alboran Sea (López-Román & Guevara-Pozo 1970; 1974; Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri & Maamouri 2008; Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a; Derbel et al. 2012); Northeast Atlantic (Bartoli 1987; Gijon-Botella & López-Román 1989; Lozano et al. 2001). Host. Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) (bogue). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Wardula Poch, 1926

Wardula capitellata (Rudolphi, 1819) Synonym. Monostomum capitellata Rudolphi, 1819.


119

Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1883; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995b). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Rudolphi 1819; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Jousson et al. 1998a; Jousson et al. 1998b; Jousson & Bartoli 1999), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a; Derbel et al. 2012); Northeast Atlantic (Bartoli 1987; Gijon-Botella & López-Román 1989; Lozano et al. 2001). Host. Sarpa salpa Linnaeus, 1758 (salema). Site of infection. Intestine.

Class Cestoda Rudolphi, 1808 Subclass Eucestoda Southwell, 1930 Order Bothriocephalidea Kuchta, Scholz, Brabec & Bray, 2008

Family Bothriocephalidae Blanchard, 1849

Genus Bothriocephalus Rudolphi, 1808 [Syn. Dibothrium Rudolphi in Creplin, 1839

Boctinocephalus Nordmann in Lamarck, 1840 Dibothrium Diesing, 1850

Penetrocephalus Rao, 1960 Schyzocotyle Akhmerov, 1960]

Bothriocephalus andresi Porta, 1911

Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Hristovski & Jardas 1991), South (this paper). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Belghyti et al. 1994); East Atlantic: Moroccan coast (Belghyti et al. 1994). Host. Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus, 1758) (spotted flounder). Site of infection. Larves encysted in host muscles, adults in intestine.

Bothriocephalus angustatus Rudolphi, 1819 (species inquirenda) Synonyms. Bothriocephalus affinis (Leuckart, 1819); Dibothrium angustatum Dujardin, 1845. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1882; Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Paggi 2008). Host. Scorpaena scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 (red scorpionfish). Site of infection. Intestine.


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Bothriocephalus clavibothrium Ariola, 1899 – new for Adriatic Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ariola, 1899; Paggi 2008); Mediterranean (Swiderski & Mokhtar-Maamouri, 1974; Swiderski & Mackiewicz, 2004). Host. Arnoglossus laterna (Walbaum, 1792) (Mediterranean scaldfish). Site of infection. Intestine.

Bothriocephalus claviceps (Goeze, 1782) Synonyms. Taenia claviceps Goeze, 1782; Bothriocephalus gowkongensis Yeh, 1955. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), Central (Paggi 2008), South (this paper); Montenegrin freshwaters: Adriatic Sea drainage basin (Kažić 1970; Knežević et al. 1978; Ubelaker et al. 1981). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean, Corsica (Caillot et al. 1999), Balearic Sea (Maíllo et al. 2005); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian inland lakes (Nabil et al. 2009); Northeast Atlantic (Palm et al. 1999; Kristmundsson & Helgason 2007); Baltic Sea (Sulgostowska 1993; Zander & Reimer 2002); Northwest Atlantic (Cone et al. 1993; Marcogliese & Cone 1996; 1997; 1998; Barker et al. 1996). European freshwaters: England (Kennedy 1993; 2000; Nie & Kennedy 1992; Norton et al. 2003), France (Sinnappah et al. 2001; Verneau et al. 2002), Norway (Sterud 1999), Denmark (Borgsteede et al. 1999), Germany (Sures & Streit 2001; Reimer 2003), Austria (Scholz et al. 2003), Czechoslovakia (Macko et al. 1993), Poland (Orecka-Grabda & Wierzbicka 1994; Borgsteede et al. 1999), Lithuania (Petkeviciute 2003), Russia (Davydov 1986), Hungary (Molnar & Szekely 1996; Borgsteede et al. 1999), Italy (Orecchia et al. 1987; Scholz et al. 1992; Kennedy et al. 1998), Portugal (Saraiva & Chubb 1989). Canadian frshwaters (McDonald & Margolis 1995); North American freshwaters (Dechtiar & Nepszy 1988; Dechtiar et al. 1988). Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel). Site of infection. As catadromous fish, the eel was infected, probably, in freshwater.

Bothriocephalus labracis Dujardin, 1845 (species inquirenda)

Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1898a; Paggi 2008). Distribution. Reported from the Adriatic Sea only. Host. Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) (European seabass). Site of infection. Intestine.

Bothriocephalus scorpii (Müller, 1776)

Synonyms. Bothriocephalus bipunctatus (Zeder, 1800); Bothriocephalus punctatus (Rudolphi, 1802); Bothriocephalus rhombi Mola, 1928. Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Hristovski & Jardas 1991).


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Distribution. Mediterranean (Naidenova & Mordvinova 1997); Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza 2004); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orecchia et al. 1985); Black Sea (Naidenova & Mordvinova 1997); North Sea (Blend & Dronen 2003; Klimpel et al. 2003); Baltic Sea (Reimer & Walter 1993; Zander et al. 1993; Vismanis & Kondratovitch 1995; Sures et al. 1997; Sulgostowska et al. 1998; Zander & Reimer 2002; Blend & Dronen 2003); North Atlantic (Køie 2000); Northeast Atlantic (Ortega & Valero 1989; Robert et al. 1990; Levsen 1992; Sterud 1999; Palm et al. 1999; Bakay 2001; Blend & Dronen 2003); Northwest Atlantic (Morrison et al. 1986; Scott & Bray 1989; Jansen & Burreson 1990; McDonald & Margolis 1995; Bakay 2001); Southeast Atlantic (Parukhin 1966); North Pacific (Blaylock et al. 1998); Northeast Pacific (Kabata & Whitaker 1984; McDonald & Margolis 1995); Northwest Pacific: Sea of Japan (Shvetsova 1994a), Coast of Japan (Machida & Araki 1994); Arctic Ocean (Mitenev et al. 1991; Blend & Dronen 2003). Host. Arnoglossus laterna (Walbaum, 1792) (Mediterranean scaldfish). Site of infection. Intestine.

Bothriocephalus vallei Stossich, 1899

Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1899b; Bona et al. 1995a; Le Pommelet et al. 1997; Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Le Pommelet et al. 1997). Host. Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 (red mullet). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Clestobothrium Lühe, 1899

Clestobothrium crassiceps (Rudolphi, 1819)

Synonyms. Bothriocephalus crassiceps Rudolphi, 1819; Bothriocephalus pilula Leuckart, 1820; Dibothrium crassiceps Diesing, 1850. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Carus 1885; Stossich 1898a; 1899; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), Central (Hristovski & Jardas 1991), South (this paper). Distribution. Mediterranean (Rudolphi, 1819; Leuckart 1820; Ariola 1896; Parona 1899a); Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008); Northeast Atlantic (Thompson 1844; Johnstone 1909; Joyeux & Baer 1936; Rees & Llewellyn 1941); Northwest Atlantic (Linton 1901; Cooper 1918). Host. Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) (European hake). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Ptychobothrium Lönnberg, 1889


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Ptychobothrium belones (Dujardin, 1845) Synonym. Dibothrium belones Dujardin, 1845. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1891; 1898a). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Parona 1887; 1889); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Dujardin 1845; Wagener 1854); Northeast Atlantic (Palm et al. 1999); Indian Ocean: coast of Pakistan (Bilqees 1995). Host. Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761) (garfish). Site of infection. Intestine.

Family Echinophallidae Schumacher, 1914

Genus Echinophallus Schumacher, 1914 [Syn. Atelemerus Guiart, 1935]

Echinophallus wageneri (Monticelli, 1890)

Synonyms. Dibothrium heteropleurum Diesing, 1850; Amphicotyle typica Diesing, 1863; Bothriocephalus wageneri Monticelli, 1890; Diplogonoporus wageneri (Monticelli, 1890) Stossich, 1898a; Amphitretus wageneri Lühe, 1899; Acanthophalus wageneri (Monticelli, 1890) Lühe, 1903. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1895; Bona et al. 1995a). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008); Northeast Atlantic (Kuchta et al. 2008a). Host. Centrolophus niger (Gmelin, 1789) (rudderfish). Site of infection. Intestine.

Family Triaenophoridae Lönnberg, 1889

Genus Amphicotyle Diesing, 1863

Amphicotyle heteropleura (Diesing, 1850) Synonyms. Dibothrium heteropleurum Diesing, 1850; Amphicotyle typica Diesing, 1863; Bothriocephalus heteropleurus Stossich, 1890. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Diesing 1850; Stossich 1890b), Central (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008). Distribution. Mediterranean (Ninni 1900; Lühe 1902); Northeast Atlantic (Kuchta et al. 2008a). Host. Centrolophus niger (Gmelin, 1789) (rudderfish). Site of infection. Scolex in pyloric caeca, strobila in the anterior part of the intestine.

Genus Anchistrocephalus Monticelli, 1890


123

[Syn. Bothriocephalus Rudolphi, 1808 Dibothrium Diesing, 1850

Polyonchobothrium Diesing, 1850 Amphigonoporus Mendes, 1944]

Anchistrocephalus microcephalus (Rudolphi, 1819)

Synonyms. Taenia tetraodontis Rudolphi, 1810; Bothriocephalus sagittatus Leuckart, 1819; Dibothrium microcephalum Diesing, 1850; Ancistrocephalus microcephalus Lühe, 1899. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1898a; 1899). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Rudolphi 1819; Monticelli 1893; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Ariola 1896; Parona 1887; 1894). Host. Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) (ocean sunfish). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Eubothrium Nybelin, 1922

Eubothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779) – new for Adriatic

Synonyms. Taenia crassa Bloch, 1779; Bothriocephalus infundibuliformis Rudolphi, 1809; Bothriocephalus proboscideus Rudolphi, 1809; Abothrium longissimum Cholodkowsky, 1918; Eubothrium oncorhynhi Wardle, 1932. Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper); Montenegrin freshwaters: Adriatic Sea drainage basin (Kažić, 1970; Knežević et al. 1978; Ubelaker et al. 1981). Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Palm et al. 1999); Northeast Pacific (McDonald & Margolis 1995); West Pacific (Nagasawa et al. 1987); Baltic Sea (Petkeviciute & Bondarenko 2001); European freshwaters: Iceland (Kristmundsson & Richter 2003; Scholz et al. 2003), Ireland (Holland & Kennedy 1997), England (Kennedy et al. 1991; Kennedy & Bush 1994), France (Hanzelová et al. 1999; Kráľová-Hromadová et al. 2003; Scholz et al. 2003), Germany (Engelhardt & Mirle 1993), Austria (Kritscher 1988; Borgsteede et al. 1999; Scholz et al. 2003), Switzerland (Scholz et al. 2003), Norway (Levsen 1992; Sterud 1999), Finland (Andersen & Valtonen 1990; Scholz et al. 2003), Denmark (Buchmann et al. 1995; Buchmann & Bresciani 1997), Lithuania (Scholz et al. 2003), Russia (Dorovskikh 2000), Spain (Bruňanská et al. 2002); Asian freshwaters (Tseitlin 1996; Naumkin 2000); Japanese freshwaters (Awakura 1994); American freshwaters (Muzzall et al. 2003); Canadian freshwaters (McDonald & Margolis 1995; Muzzall et al. 2003). Host. Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803) (twaite shad), Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel). Site of infection. Intestine. Remark. As catadromous (eel) or anadromous fish (twaite shad), both host species were infected, probably, in freshwater.


124

Eubothrium fragile (Rudolphi, 1802) Synonyms. Taenia fragilis Rudolphi, 1802; Bothriocephalus fragilis (Rudolphi, 1802) Rudolphi, 1810; Ligula simplissima Fuhlrott, 1847; Dibothrium fragile (Rudolphi, 1802) Diesing, 1851; Bothriotaenia fragilis (Rudolphi, 1802) Blanchard, 1894; Abothrium fragile (Rudolphi, 1802) Lühe, 1899. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Palm et al. 1999; Kuchta et al. 2005). Host. Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803) (twaite shad). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Fistulicola Lühe, 1899

[Syn. Pseudeubothrium Yamaguti, 1968]

Fistulicola plicatus (Rudolphi, 1819) Synonyms. Taenia haerica Pallas, 1781; Bothriocephalus truncatus Leuckart, 1819; Fistulicola dalmatinus (Stossich, 1897); Pseudeubothrium xiphiados Yamaguti, 1968. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1897; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Ionian Sea (Mattiucci et al. 2005); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Di Paolo et al. 1994; Mattiucci et al. 2005); Northeast Atlantic (Mattiucci et al. 2005); East Atlantic: west African coast (Castro-Pampillon et al. 2002); Northwest Atlantic (McDonald & Margolis 1995). Host. Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758 (John dory). Site of infection. Intestine. Order Caryophyllidea Beneden in Olsson, 1893

Family Caryophyllaeidae Leuckart, 1878

Genus Caryophyllaeus Müller, 1787 [Syn. Chariophyllus Bloch, 1782

Caryophyllaeus Gmelin in Linnaeus, 1790 Caryophylloeus Cuvier, 1798

Caryophillaeus Rudolphi, 1801 Caryophyllaneus Bosc, 1802

Caryophillus Zeder, 1803 Cariophyllaeus Thunberg, 1808 Anthostoma Rafinesque, 1815

Caryophylleus Rafinesque, 1815 Caryohyllaeus Lamouroux, 1825

Caryophilleus van Beneden, 1850


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Caryophyllacus Diesing, 1850 Caryophilleaus Polonio, 1860 Caryophylaeus Plehn, 1908]

Caryophyllaeus punctulatus Molin, 1858

Synonym. Monobothrium punctulatum Diesing, 1863 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1882; Molin 1858; Paggi 2008). Distribution. Reported from the Adriatic Sea only. Host. Conger conger (Linnaeus, 1758) (European conger). Site of infection. Intestine.

Caryophyllaeus trisignatus Molin, 1858

Synonym. Diporus trisignatus Diesing, 1863. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Molin 1858; Stossich 1882; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008). Distribution. Reported from the Adriatic Sea only. Host. Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) (European hake). Site of infection. Intestine. Order Diphyllidea van Beneden in Carus, 1863

Family Echinobothriidae Perrier, 1897

Genus Coronocestus Caira, Marques, Jensen, Kuchta & Ivanov, 2013

Coronocestus musteli (Pintner, 1889) Caira, Marques, Jensen, Kuchta & Ivanov, 2013

Synonym. Echinobothrium musteli Pintner, 1889. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Pintner 1889; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), Central (Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a); Northeast Atlantic (Kuchta & Caira 2010). Host. Mustelus asterias Cloquet, 1819 (starry smooth-hound), Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758) (smooth-hound). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Genus Echinobothrium van Beneden, 1849


126

Echinobothrium affine Diesing, 1863 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Kuchta & Caira 2010); Northeast Atlantic (Malard 1890; Kuchta & Caira 2010). Host. Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758 (thornback ray). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Echinobothrium brachysoma Pintner, 1889

Findings in the Adriatic. North (Pintner 1889; Stossich 1898a; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), Central (Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Aragort et al. 2001; Kuchta & Caira 2010). Host. Dipturus batis (Linnaeus, 1758) (blue skate). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Echinobothrium typus van Beneden, 1849 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1898a; Bona et al. 1995a). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008); Black Sea (Biserova 1991; Korneva et al. 1998); Northeast Atlantic (Kuchta & Caira 2010). Host. Dipturus batis (Linnaeus, 1758) (blue skate), Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) (common eagle ray). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Order Diphyllobothriidea Kuchta, Scholz, Brabec, & Bray, 2008

Family Diphyllobothriidae Lühe, 1910

Genus Ligula Bloch, 1782 [Syn. Braunia Leon, 1908

Digramma Cholodkovsky, 1915]

Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) – new for Adriatic Synonyms. Fasciola intestinalis Linnaeus, 1758; Ligula cingulum Pallas, 1781; Ligula avium Bloch, 1782; Ligula abdominalis Goeze, 1782; Ligula gobionis Schrank, 1790; Ligula leucisci Gmelin, 1790; Ligula salvelini Gmelin, 1790; Ligula cobitidis Gmelin, 1790; Ligula simplicissima Rudolphi, 1802; Ligula tincae Zeder, 1803; Ligula carpionis Rudolphi, 1810; Ligula contortrix Rudolphi, 1810; Ligula uniserialis Rudolphi,1810; Ligula monogramma Creplin, 1839.


127

Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper); Montenegrin freshwaters: Adriatic Sea drainage basin (Kažić, 1970; Ubelaker et al. 1981). Distribution. Cosmopolitan (Gibson et al. 2005). Host. Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803) (twaite shad), Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758)

(European eel). Site of infection. Body cavity of fish (juvenile) and in the intestine of birds (adult). Remark. As catadromous (eel) or anadromous fish (twaite shad), both host species were infected, probably, in freshwater. Order Proteocephalidea Mola, 1928

Family Proteocephalidae La Rue, 1911

Genus Proteocephalus Weinland, 1858

[Syn. Ichthyiotaenia Lönnberg, 1804]

Proteocephalus macrocephalus (Creplin, 1825) – new for Adriatic Synonym. Taenia macrocephalus Creplin 1825. Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper); Montenegrin inland freshwaters: Adriatic Sea drainage basin (Kažić, 1970; Knežević et al. 1978; Ubelaker et al. 1981). Distribution. European freshwaters (Fauna Europea 2004); Northwest Mediterranean: Balearic Sea (Maíllo et al. 2005); Southeast Atlantic: Morocco (Yamaguti 1959); Northeast Atlantic (Kristmundsson & Helgason 2007); Northwest Atlantic (Yamaguti 1959). Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel). Site of infection. As catadromous fish, the eel was infected, probably, in freshwater. Order Rhinebothriidea Healy, Caira, Jensen, Webster & Littlewood, 2009

Family Rhinobothriidae Euzet, 1953

Genus Anthocephalum Linton, 1890

Anthocephalum wedli Ruhnke, 2011 Synonyms. Phyllobothrium gracile Wedl, 1855; Anthobothrium auriculatum Rudolphi (pro parte), 1819; Anthobothrium auriculatum (Rudolphi, 1819). Anthocephalum gracile sensu Wedl (Wedl, 1855) Ruhnke, 1994. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Wedl 1855; Stossich 1882; Carus, 1884; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), South (this paper).


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Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Zschokke 1888; Parona 1900); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Beauchamp, 1905; Euzet, 1959; Ruhnke 1994); Northeast Atlantic (Euzet, 1959); Southeast Atlantic: Moroccan coast (Euzet, 1952b; Euzet, 1959). Host. Torpedo marmorata Risso, 1810 (marbled electric ray). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Genus Echeneibothrium van Beneden, 1849

[Syn. Discobothrium van Beneden, 1871]

Echeneibothrium myliobatisaquilae Diesing, 1863 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1882; Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Paggi 2008). Host. Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) (common eagle ray). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Echeneibothrium tumidulum (Rudolphi, 1819) Synonyms. Bothriocephalus echeneis Leuckart, 1819; Bothriocephalus tumidulus Rudolphi, 1819. Echeneibothrium minimum van Beneden, 1850. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1882; Parona 1894; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976). Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Echeneibothrium variabile van Beneden, 1850

Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1892; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orecchia et al. 1985; Paggi 2008); Black Sea (Gibson et al. 2005); Northwest Pacific: East China Sea (Gibson et al. 2005). Host. Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758 (thornback ray). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Genus Rhabdotobothrium Euzet, 1953

Rhabdotobothrium dollfusi Euzet, 1953 – new for Adriatic Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper). Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet, 1953; 1959); Northeast Atlantic (Euzet, 1953; 1959). Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray).


129

Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Genus Scalithrium Ball, Neifar & Euzet, 2003

Scalithrium minimum (van Beneden, 1850) Synonyms. Echeneibothrium minimum van Beneden, 1850; Rhinebothrium minimum (van Beneden, 1850); Echeneibothrium dubium Beneden, 1858; Tiarabothrium javanicum Shipley & Hornell, 1906. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1882; 1901). Distribution. East Atlantic: west African coast (Ball et al. 2003); Northeast Atlantic: North Sea (Ball et al. 2003). Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Genus Spongiobothrium Linton, 1889

Spongiobothrium variabile Linton, 1889 Synonyms. Anthobothrium variabile (Linton, 1889); Echeneibothrium simplex Shipley & Hornell, 1906; Polipobothrium vaccarii Mola, 1908. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Mola 1908; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Bray 2013); Northwest Atlantic (Bray 2013). Host. Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus, 1765) (basking shark). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Order Tetraphyllidea Carus, 1863

Family Onchobothriidae Braun, 1900

Genus Acanthobothrium van Beneden, 1850 [Syn. Petalocephalus Jeude, 1829

Petalostoma Jeude, 1829 Prosthecobothrium Diesing, 1863]

Acanthobothrium benedeni Lönnberg, 1889

Synonyms. Bothricephalus uncinatus Rudolphi, 1819; Acanthobothrium uncinatum (Rudolphi, 1819) Southwell, 1925; Acanthobothrium dujardinii (van Beneden, 1850) Southwell, 1925; Acanthobothrium coronatum (van Beneden, 1850) Léon-Borcea, 1934; Acanthobothrium fillicole var. fillicole Beauchamp, 1905; Acanthobothrium fillicole var. benedeni Beauchamp, 1905; Acanthobothrium semnovesiculum Verma, 1928.


130

Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Stossich 1901; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet 1959); Southwest Mediterran: Maroccan coast (Euzet 1952b); Northeast Atlantic (Goldstein 1967); Northwest Pacific: East China Sea (Tseng 1933; Gibson et al. 2005). Host. Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758) (tope shark). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Acanthobothrium coronatum (Rudolphi, 1819)

Synonyms. Bothriocephalus coronatus Rudolphi, 1819; Bothriocephalus bifurcatus Leuckart, 1819; Onchobothrium cornonatum (Rudolphi, 1819) De Blainville, 1828; Calliobothrium coronatum Molin, 1861; Calliobothrium corollatum (Rudolphi, 1819) Monticelli, 1890. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Molin, 1861; Stossich 1883; 1885; 1890; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Molin, 1861; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet 1959); Black Sea (Gibson et al. 2005); Northeast Atlantic (Campbell & Beveridge 2002); Southeast Atlantic (Parukhin 1966); West Pacific (Gibson et al. 2005). Host. Dasyatis centroura (Mitchill, 1815) (roughtail stingray), Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray), Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) (common eagle ray); Scyliorhinus stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (nursehound), Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758 (picked dogfish), Torpedo marmorata Risso, 1810 (marbled electric ray), Torpedo torpedo (Linnaeus, 1758) (common torpedo). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Acanthobothrium crassicolle Wedl, 1855

Synonyms. Acanthobothrium intermedium Perrenoud, 1931; Acanthobothrium ponticum Leon-Borcea, 1934. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Wedl, 1855; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), South (this paper). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Baer 1948; Euzet 1959); Northeast Atlantic (Euzet 1959; Goldstein 1967); Southwest Atlantic: Moroccan coast (Euzet 1952b; 1959). Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Acanthobothrium filicolle Zschokke, 1888

Synonym. Acanthobothrium hispidum Riser, 1955.


131

Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), South (this paper). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Zschokke 1888; Monticelli 1890a; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet 1959); Northeast Atlantic (Euzet 1959; Williams 1960); Indian Ocean, Ceylon (Baer & Euzet 1962); Southwest Pacific (Alexander 1963). Host. Torpedo marmorata Risso, 1810 (marbled electric ray), Torpedo torpedo (Linnaeus, 1758) (common torpedo). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Acanthobothrium paulum Linton, 1890 – new for Adriatic Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper). Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Linton 1890; Euzet 1959); Northwest Atlantic (Ghoshroy & Caira 2001; Campbell & Beveridge 2002). Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Genus Calliobothrium van Beneden, 1850

Calliobothrium eschrichtii (van Beneden, 1849)

Synonyms. Acanthobothrium eschrichtii van Beneden, 1849; Onchobothrium eschrichtii van Beneden, 1849; Onchobothrium elegans Diesing, 1854. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1882; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008); Northeast Atlantic (Nasin et al. 1997). Host. Mustelus asterias Cloquet, 1819 (starry smooth-hound). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Calliobothrium verticillatum (Rudolphi, 1819)

Synonym. Onchobothrium verticillatum Diesing 1850. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Stossich 1882; Parona 1894; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008); Southeast Atlantic (Gibson et al. 2005); Northwest Atlantic (Caira & Ruhnke 1991; Cislo & Caira 1993; Smolowitz et al. 1993); Northwest Pacific: coast of Japan (Gibson et al. 2005). Host. Dipturus batis (Linnaeus, 1758) (blue skate), Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758) (tope shark), Mustelus asterias Cloquet, 1819 (starry smooth-hound), Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758) (smooth-hound). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Genus Onchobothrium de Blainville, 1828


132

Onchobothrium ganfini Mola, 1934 ? Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995a). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008). Host. Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758) (small-spotted catshark). Site of infection. Spiral intestine. Remark. Presence in the Adriatic Sea uncertain.

Onchobothrium lintoni Mola, 1934 ?

Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995a). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008). Host. Scyliorhinus stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (nursehound). Site of infection. Spiral intestine. Remark. Presence in the Adriatic Sea uncertain.

Onchobothrium uncinatum (Rudolphi, 1819)

Synonym. Bothriocephalus uncinatum Rudolphi, 1819. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Carus 1885; Bona et al. 1995a) Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orecchia et al. 1985; Bona et al. 1995a). Host. Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758) (tope shark). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Genus Platybothrium Linton, 1890

Platybothrium auriculatum Yamaguti, 1952 ?

Synonyms. Cylindrophorus typicus Diesing, 1863 pro parte; Platybothrium baeri Euzet, 1952; Cylindrophorus posteroporus Riser, 1955. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995a). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Euzet 1952a; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet 1959); Northeast Atlantic (Euzet 1959; Healy 2003); Northwest Atlantic (Curran & Caira 1995; Healy 2003); Northeast Pacific (Healy 2003); Northwest Pacific (Yamaguti 1952; Healy 2003). Host. Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758) (blue shark). Site of infection. Spiral intestine. Remark. Presence in the Adriatic Sea uncertain.

Family Phyllobothriidae Braun, 1900

Genus Anthobothrium van Beneden, 1849


133

Anthobothrium auriculatum (Rudolphi, 1819) Synonyms. Bothriocephalus auriculatus Dujardin, 1845; Tetrabothrium auriculatum Diesing, 1850. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1882; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orecchia et al. 1985; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008). Host. Squatina squatina (Linnaeus, 1758) (angelshark), Torpedo marmorata Risso, 1810 (marbled electric ray). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Anthobothrium cornucopia van Beneden, 1850

Synonym. Tetrabothrium cornucopiae Molin, 1858. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1882; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Paggi 2008); Indian Ocean: coast of Victoria (Gibson et al. 2005). Host. Squatina squatina (Linnaeus, 1758) (angelshark). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Anthobothrium crispum Molin, 1858

Synonym. Orygmatobothrium crispum (Molin, 1858) Stossich 1882. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Molin 1858; Stossich 1882; 1895; Paggi 2008). Distribution. Reported from the Adriatic Sea only. Host. Mustelus asterias Cloquet, 1819 (starry smooth-hound), Raja asterias Delaroche, 1809 (Mediterranean starry ray). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Genus Ceratobothrium Monticelli, 1892

Ceratobothrium xanthocephalum Monticelli, 1892 ?

Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995a). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Monticelli, 1892; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008); Northwest Atlantic (Gartner & Zwerner 1989; Jansen & Burreson 1990; McDonald & Margolis 1995; Caira et al. 1999; Olson et al. 1999; Brickle et al. 2001). Host. Lamna nasus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (porbeagle). Site of infection. Spiral intestine. Remark. Presence in the Adriatic Sea uncertain.

Genus Crossobothrium Linton, 1889


134

Crossobothrium campanulatum Klaptocz, 1906 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Klaptocz 1906) Distribution. Reported from the Adriatic Sea only. Host. Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (bluntnose sixgill shark). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Genus Orygmatobothrium Diesing, 1863

Orygmatobothrium musteli (van Beneden, 1850)

Synonyms. Anthobothrium musteli van Beneden, 1850; Tetrabothrium musteli van Beneden, 1850; Tetrabothrium versatile Diesing, 1850; Orygmatobothrium versatile Diesing, 1863. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Carus 1885; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Paggi 2008); Northeast Atlantic (Brickle et al. 2001); Northwest Pacific: coast of Japan (Gibson et al. 2005). Host. Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758) (smooth-hound). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Genus Paraorygmatobothrium Ruhnke, 1994

Paraorygmatobothrium exiguum (Yamaguti, 1935)

Synonyms. Anthobothrium parvum Stossich, 1895; Anthobothrium exiguum Yamaguti, 1935. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1895; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008). Distribution. West Pacific (Gibson et al. 2005). Host. Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758) (smooth hammerhead). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Order Trypanorhyncha Diesing, 1863

Family Eutetrarhynchidae Guiart, 1927 [Syn. Renibulbidae Feigenbaum, 1975]

Genus Eutetrarhynchus Pintner, 1913

Eutetrarhynchus ruficollis (Eysenhardt, 1829)

Synonyms. Tetrarhynchus ruficolis Eysenhardt, 1829; Tetrarhynchus corollatus Rudolphi, 1870; Coenomorphus joyeuxii Vaullegeard, 1893.


135

Findings in the Adriatic. North (Pintner 1913; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008). Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Joyeux & Baer 1936). Host. Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758) (smooth-hound). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Genus Onchomegas Dollfus, 1929

[Syn. Dibothriorhynchus Diesing, 1850, praeocc. De Blainville, 1828 Oncomegas Dollfus, 1929]

Onchomegas wageneri (Linton, 1890) – new for Adriatic

Synonyms. Rhynchobothrium wageneri Linton, 1890; Rhynchobothrium wagneri Linton, 1911; Rhynchobothrium wagneri Linton, 1913; Rhynchobothrium wagneri Linton, 1924; Tetrarhynchus cepola-rubescens Wagener, 1854; Tetrarhynchus scolecinus-cepole Wagener, 1854; Tetrarhynchus scolecinus Wagener, 1857. Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper). Distribution. Northwest Atlantic (Linton 1890), Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Wagener 1854); Northwest Pacific (Yamaguti 1934b). Host. Conger conger (Linnaeus, 1758) (European conger). Site of infection. Intestine.

Genus Prochristianella Dollfus, 1946

Prochristianella tenuispine (Linton, 1890) – new for Adriatic Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper). Distribution. West Atlantic (Borucinska & Caira 1993). Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Prochristianella papillifer (Poyarkoff, 1909) – new for Adriatic

Synonym. Prochristianella trygonicola Dollfus, 1946 Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper). Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Dollfus 1946b). Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Family Gymnorhynchidae Dollfus, 1935

[Syn. Molicolidae Beveridge & Campbell, 1989]

Genus Gymnorhynchus Rudolphi, 1819


136

Gymnorhynchus gigas (Cuvier, 1817) Synonyms. Scolex gigas Cuvier, 1817; Rhynchobothrium gigas Cuvier, 1817; Gymnorhynchus reptans Rudolphi, 1819; Gymnorhynchus moniezi Railliet, 1899. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1901). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008); Northeast Atlantic (Casado et al. 1999; Vazquez-Lopez et al. 2000; Gibson et al. 2005); East Atlantic: northwest African coast (Gibson et al. 2005); West Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico (Palm & Overstreet 2000). Host. Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810 (shortfin mako). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Family Lacistorhynchidae Guiart, 1927 [Syn. Floricipitidae Dollfus, 1929

Dasyrhynchidae Dollfus, 1935 Grillotiidae Dollfus, 1960

Mustelicolidae Dollfus, 1969]

Genus Lacistorhynchus Pintner, 1913

Lacistorhynchus tenuis (van Beneden, 1858) – new for Adriatic Synonym. Tetrarhynchus tenuis van Beneden, 1858. Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper). Distribution. Mediterranean (Dollfus, 1942); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Balearic Sea (Campos & Carbonell 1994); Northwest Atlantic (Sakanari et al. 1989; Cislo & Caira 1993; Davis 1997); Southwest Atlantic (Gaevskaya et al. 1990); North Pacific (Arai et al. 1988); East Pacific (Luque et al. 1991); Southeast Pacific: Peruvian coast (Luque 1991; Oliva & Luque 2002). Host. Arnoglossus thori Kyle, 1913 (Thor's scaldfish), Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761) (garfish), Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus, 1758) (spotted flounder). Site of infection. Larves encysted in host muscles, adults in intestine.

Family Sphyriocephalidae Pintner, 1913

[Syn. Hepatoxilidae Dollfus, 1940]

Genus Hepatoxylon Bosc, 1811 [Syn. Dibothriorhynchus Blainville, 1828

Coenomorphus Lonnberg, 1889]


137

Hepatoxylon trichiuri (Holten, 1802) Synonyms. Hepatoxylon squali Bosc, 1811; Hepatoxylon attenuatus Rudolphi, 1819; Tetrarhynchus discophorus Rudolphi, 1819; Dibothriorhynchus stenocephala Guiart, 1935; Hepatoxylon stenocephala (Guiart, 1935). Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo 2006c*; Mladineo et al. 2008*). Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Vassiliades 1985); Northwest Atlantic (Bakay 2001); Southeast Atlantic (Parukhin 1966; Reimer 1993); Southwest Atlantic (São Clemente et al. 2001; Sardella & Timi 2001; Knoff et al. 2002; 2004); West Pacific (Pozdnyakov 1994); South Pacific (Sewell & Lester 1988); Southwest Pacific (Waterman & Sin 1991; Sin et al. 1992); Southeast Pacific (Vergara & George-Nascimento 1982; George-Nascimento et al. 2002); Indian ocean: Australian coast (Sewell & Lester 1995; Beveridge & Campbell 1996). Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna). Site of infection. Stomach. Remark. * Aquaculture.

Genus Sphyriocephalus Pintner, 1913

Sphyriocephalus tergestinus Pintner, 1913 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Pintner 1913; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), Central (Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Paggi 2008); Northeast Atlantic (Costa et al. 1996; 2003). Host. Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (thresher). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Family Tentaculariidae Poche, 1926

[Syn. Rufferidae Guiart, 1927 Nybelinidae Guiart, 1931

Kotorellidae Euzet & Radujkovic, 1989]

Genus Kotorella Euzet & Radujkovic, 1989

Kotorella pronosoma (Stossich, 1901) Synonyms. Rhynchobothrium pronosomum Stossich, 1901; Otobothrium pronosomum (Stossich, 1901); Nybelinia herdmani Shipley & Hornell, 1906; Nybelinia narinari (MacCallum, 1917); Nybelinia pronosomum Dollfus, 1930; Nybelinia rhynchobatus Yang, Lin, Liu & Peng, 1995. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1901), South (Euzet & Radujković 1989).


138

Distribution. Black Sea (Palm & Walter 2000); West Atlantic (Palm & Overstreet 2000); Southwest Pacific (Palm & Beveridge 2002); Indian Ocean (Palm & Walter 1999). Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Genus Nybelinia Poche, 1926

Nybelinia lingualis (Cuvier, 1817)

Synonyms. Tetrarhynchus lingualis Cuvier, 1817; Rhynchobothrium tubiceps Leuckart, 1820; Rhynchobothrius paleaceum Dujardin, 1845; Aspidorhynchus infulatus Molin, 1858; Stenobothrium linguale (Cuvier, 1817) Pintner, 1913. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Pintner 1913). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Figus et al. 2005; Paggi 2008). Host. Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758) (smooth-hound). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Trypanorhyncha Incertae Sedis

Genus Tetrarhynchus Rudolphi, 1809

Tetrarhynchus tenuicollis Rudolphi, 1819 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Hartwich & Kilias 1992) Distribution. Northwest Atlantic (Ronald 1956). Host. Microchirus ocellatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (foureyed sole). Site of infection. Intestine. Tetraphyllidea incertae sedis

Genus Phyllobothrium van Beneden, 1850

Phyllobothrium auricula van Beneden, 1858 Synonyms. Phyllobothrium foliatum Linton, 1890. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Paradižnik 2007), South (this paper). Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet 1959); Northeast Atlantic (van Beneden 1858; Linton 1890; 1897; Euzet 1959). Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.


139

Phyllobothrium pastinacae Mokhtar-Maamouri & Zamali, 1981 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Paradižnik 2007), South (this paper). Distribution. Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Mokhtar-Maamouri & Zamali, 1981). Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Phyllobothrium rotundum (Klaptocz, 1906)

Synonym. Monorygma rotundum Klaptocz, 1906. Findings in the Adriatic. North (Klaptocz 1906; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008) Distribution. Reported from the Adriatic Sea only. Host. Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (bluntnose sixgill shark). Site of infection. Intestine.

Phyllobothrium thridax (van Beneden, 1849)

Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1890b; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008). Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Paggi 2008); Northwest Atlantic (McDonald & Margolis 1995). Host. Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758 (thornback ray), Squatina squatina (Linnaeus, 1758) (angelshark). Site of infection. Spiral intestine.

Genus Scolex Müller, 1788

Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819), South (this paper). Distribution. Cosmopolitan (Gibson et al. 2005). Host. Arnoglossus laterna (Walbaum, 1792) (Mediterranean scaldfish), Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) (bogue), Cepola macrophthalma (Linnaeus, 1758) (red bandfish), Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus, 1758) (spotted flounder), Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream), Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) (common two-banded seabream), Echelus myrus (Linnaeus, 1758) (painted eel), Gobius cruentatus Gmelin, 1789 (red-mouthed goby), Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758 (black goby), Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) (European hake), Monochirus hispidus Rafinesque, 1814 (whiskered sole), Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (common pandora), Serranus cabrilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (comber), Serranus hepatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (brown comber), Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (picarel), Symphodus ocellatus Forsskål, 1775 (ocellated wrasse), Syngnathus typhle Linnaeus, 1758 (broadnosed pipefish), Torpedo marmorata Risso, 1810 (marbled electric ray), Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868) (Mediterranean horse mackerel), Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758 (John dory).


140

Site of infection. Intestine. Remark. Plerocercoid larve.

Table 1 : L is t o f Adr ia t ic f ish hosts and the i r f la tw orm parasi tes (M – Monogenea; D – D igenea; C – Cestoda; n , a – host f rom nature and f rom aquacul ture ; a – host f rom

aquacul ture ; s . i . – spec ies inqui renda; I .S . – spec ies incer tae sed is ; ? – presence o f spec ies in Adr ia t ic uncer ta in ) .

HOST PARASITE

1. Acipenser sturio Linnaeus, 1758 D Deropristis hispida (Rudolphi, 1819)

2. Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788) C Sphyriocephalus tergestinus Pintner, 1913

3. Alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758) D Pronoprymna ventricosum (Rudolphi, 1819)

4. Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803) D Hemiurus appendiculatus (Rudolphi, 1802)

D Hemiurus luehei Odhner, 1905

D Pronoprymna petrowi (Layman, 1930)

D Sphaerostoma globiporum (Rudolphi, 1802)

C Eubothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779)

C Eubothrium fragile (Rudolphi, 1802)

C Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)

5. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) M Gyrodactylus anguillae Ergens, 1960

D Asymphylodora markewitschi Kulakovskaja, 1947

D Bucephalus anguillae Špakulová, Macko, Berrilli & Dezfuli, 2002

D Crepidostomum farionis (Müler, 1784)

D Deropristis inflata (Molin, 1859)

D Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)

D Ichthyocotylurus pileatus (Rudolphi, 1802)

D Lecithochirium rufoviride (Rudolphi, 1819)


141

HOST PARASITE

D Plagioporus stefanskii Ślusarski, 1958

D Podocotyle atomon (Rudolphi, 1802)


D Prosorhynchoides gracilescens (Rudolphi, 1819)

D Prosorhynchus aculeatus Odhner, 1905

C Bothriocephalus claviceps (Goeze 1782)

C Eubothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779)

C Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)

C Proteocephalus macrocephalus (Creplin, 1825)

6. Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801) M Diplectanum sciaenae van Beneden & Hesse, 1863

7. Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche, 1809) D Lecithochirium grandiporum (Rudolphi, 1819)

D Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907)



8. Arnoglossus laterna (Walbaum, 1792) D Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907)

D Monorchis monorchis (Stossich, 1890)

C Bothriocephalus clavibothrium Ariola, 1899

C Bothriocephalus scorpii (Müller, 1776)

C Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 (I.S., plerocercoid larve)

9. Arnoglossus thori Kyle, 1913 C Lacistorhynchus tenuis (van Beneden, 1858)

10. Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810 D Bacciger bacciger (Rudolphi, 1819)

D Lecithaster atherinae Orecchia, Paggi & Radujković, 1988


142

HOST PARASITE

11. Atherina hepsetus Linnaeus, 1758 D Bacciger bacciger (Rudolphi, 1819)



12. Auxis thazard (Lacepède, 1800) D Prosorhynchoides gracilescens (Rudolphi, 1819)

13. Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761) M Axine belones Abildgaard, 1794

D Aponurus laguncula Looss, 1907

D Lecithostaphylus retroflexus (Molin, 1858)

D Theledera acanthocephala (Stossich, 1887) Bray & Gibson, 1980

C Lacistorhynchus tenuis (van Beneden, 1858)

C Ptychobothrium belones (Dujardin, 1845)

14. Blennius ocellaris Linnaeus, 1758 D Macvicaria soleae (Dujardin, 1845)

D Steringotrema divergens (Rudolphi, 1809)

15. Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) D Aphanurus stossichi (Monticelli, 1891)

D Bacciger bacciger (Rudolphi, 1819)

D Bacciger israelensis Fischthal, 1980

D Mesometra orbicularis (Rudolphi, 1819)

D Metadena depressa (Stossich, 1883)


D Robphilodollfusium fractum (Rudolphi, 1819)


16. Buglossidium luteum (Risso, 1810) D Lintonium vibex (Linton, 1905)

17. Carapus acus (Brünnich, 1768) D Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)


143

HOST PARASITE

18. Centrolophus niger (Gmelin, 1789) D Opechona bacillaris (Molin, 1859)

C Amphicotyle heteropleura (Diesing, 1850)

C Echinophallus wageneri (Monticelli, 1890)

19. Cepola macrophthalma (Linnaeus, 1758)

D Monascus filiformis (Rudolphi, 1819)


20. Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus, 1765) C Spongiobothrium variabile Linton, 1889

21. Chelidonichthys cuculus (Linnaeus, 1758)

M Paradiplectanotrema sp. Gerasev, Di Cave, Orecchia & Paggi, 1995

M Trochopus pini (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863)

22. Chelidonichthys lucerna (Linnaeus, 1758)

M Trochopus pini (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863)

M Trochopus tubiporus (Diesing, 1836)


23. Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1826) M Ergenstrema labrosi Anderson, 1981

M Ligophorus angustus Euzet & Suriano, 1977

M Metamicrocotyla cephalus (Azim, 1939)

M Solostamenides mugilis (Vogt, 1878)

D Dicrogaster contractus Looss, 1902

D Dicrogaster perpusilla Looss, 1902

D Haploporus benedeni (Stossich, 1887)

D Saccocoelium obesum Looss, 1902

24. Cichlasoma bimaculatum (Linnaeus, 1758)


25. Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus, 1758) D Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907)



144

HOST PARASITE

D Zoogonus rubellus (Olsson, 1868)

C Bothriocephalus andresi Porta, 1911

C Lacistorhynchus tenuis (van Beneden, 1858)


26. Conger conger ([Artedi, 1738] Linnaeus, 1758)

D Dolichoenterum longissimum Ozaki, 1924


D Lecithochirium grandiporum (Rudolphi, 1819)



D Prosorhynchus crucibulum (Rudolphi, 1819)

C Caryophyllaeus punctulatus Molin, 1858

C Onchomegas wageneri (Linton, 1890)

27. Coris julis (Linnaeus, 1758) D Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)

28. Dalatias licha (Bonnaterre, 1788) D Otodistomum veliporum (Creplin, 1837) (?)

29. Dasyatis centroura (Mitchill, 1815) C Acanthobothrium coronatum (Rudolphi, 1819)

30. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) M Dasybatotrema dasybatis (MacCallum, 1916)

M Heterocotyle pastinacae Scott, 1904

M Heterocotyle scotti Neifar, Euzet & Ben Hassine, 1998

M Heterocotyle similis Neifar, Euzet & Ben Hassine, 1998

M Merizocotyle concinna (Scott, 1904) Chisholm, Wheeler & Beverley-Burton, 1995

C Acanthobothrium coronatum (Rudolphi, 1819)

C Acanthobothrium crassicolle Wedl, 1855


145

HOST PARASITE

C Acanthobothrium paulum Linton, 1890

C Echeneibothrium tumidulum (Rudolphi, 1819)

C Kotorella pronosoma (Stossich, 1901)

C Phyllobothrium auricula van Beneden, 1858 (I.S.)

C Phyllobothrium pastinacae Mokhtar-Maamouri & Zamali, 1981 (I.S.)

C Prochristianella tenuispine (Linton, 1890)

C Prochristianella papillifer (Poyarkoff, 1909)

C Rhabdotobothrium dollfusi Euzet, 1953

C Scalithrium minimum (van Beneden, 1850)

31. Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758) D Aphallus tubarium (Rudolphi, 1819)

D Cainocreadium labracis (Dujardin, 1845)

D Lecithaster stellatus Looss, 1906

D Metadena depressa (Stossich, 1883)

D Pachycreadium carnosum (Rudolphi, 1819)

D Timoniella imbutiforme (Molin, 1859)

32. Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) M Diplectanum aequans (Wagener, 1857) (n, a)

M Diplectanum laubieri Lambert & Maillard, 1974

M Lamellodiscus elegans Bychowsky, 1957 (a)

M Serranicotyle labracis (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863)

M Sparicotyle chrysophrii (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863) (a)

M Udonella lupi van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 (Caligus minutus in Dicentrarchus labrax)

D Aphallus tubarium (Rudolphi, 1819)


146

HOST PARASITE

D Bucephalus minimus (Stossich, 1887)

D Cainocreadium labracis (Dujardin, 1845)

D Timoniella imbutiforme (Molin, 1859)

D Timoniella praeteritum (Looss, 1901)

C Bothriocephalus labracis Dujardin, 1845 (s. i.)

33. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) M Lamellodiscus elegans Bychowsky, 1957

M Lamellodiscus fraternus Bychowsky, 1957

M Protolamellodiscus raibauti Oliver & Radujkovic, 1987

M Polylabris tubicirrus (Paperna & Kohn, 1964)

D Arnola microcirrus (Vlasenko, 1931)

D Derogenes adriaticus Nikolaeva, 1966

D Diphterostomum brusinae (Stossich, 1888)


D Lepidauchen stenostoma Nicoll, 1913

D Lepocreadium album (Stossich, 1890)

D Macvicaria crassigula (Linton, 1910)

D Macvicaria soleae (Dujardin, 1845)


D Monorchis parvus (Looss, 1902)

D Peracreadium idoneum (Nicoll, 1909)

D Steringotrema pagelli (van Beneden, 1871)

D Tergestia laticollis (Rudolphi, 1819)

C Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 (I.S.,


147

HOST PARASITE

plerocercoid larve)

34. Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777) M Diplectanum aequans (Wagener, 1857) (a)

M Encotyllabe vallei Monticelli, 1907

M Lamellodiscus bidens Euzet, 1984


M Lamellodiscus ergensi Euzet & Oliver, 1966

M Lamellodiscus hilli Euzet, 1984

M Lamellodiscus ignoratus Palombi, 1943

M Sparicotyle chrysophrii (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863) (a)

D Peracreadium characis (Stossich, 1886)

35. Diplodus sargus (Linnaeus, 1758) M Atrispinum seminalis (Euzet & Maillard, 1973)

M Choricotyle chrysophrii van Beneden & Hesse, 1863

M Diclidophoropsis taschenbergii (Parona & Perugia, 1889)


D Monorchis parvus (Looss, 1902)


36. Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)

M Atrispinum seminalis (Euzet & Maillard, 1973)

M Lamellodiscus elegans Bychowsky, 1957

M Lamellodiscus ergensi Euzet & Oliver, 1966


M Polylabris tubicirrus (Paperna & Kohn, 1964)

D Diphterostomum brusinae (Stossich, 1888)


148

HOST PARASITE





37. Dipturus batis (Linnaeus, 1758) M Calicotyle kroyeri Diesing, 1850

C Calliobothrium verticillatum (Rudolphi, 1819)

C Echinobothrium brachysoma Pintner, 1889

C Echinobothrium typus van Beneden, 1849

38. Dipturus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758) M Rajonchocotyle prenanti (St. Remy, 1890)

39. Echelus myrus (Linnaeus, 1758) D Prosorhynchus crucibulum (Rudolphi, 1819)


40. Engraulis encrasicholus (Linnaeus, 1758)

M Taurimazocraes markevitschi (Nicolaeva & Pogoreltzeva, 1965)

41. Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) M Pseudorhabdosynochus beverleyburtonae (Oliver, 1984)

M Pseudorhabdosynochus riouxi (Oliver, 1986)

42. Eutrigla gurnardus (Linnaeus, 1758) M Paradiplectanotrema sp. Gerasev, Di Cave, Orecchia & Paggi, 1995

43. Gaidropsarus vulgaris (Cloquet, 1824) D Bathycreadium elongata (Maillard, 1970)

D Prodistomum orientalis (Layman, 1930)

44. Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758) M Erpocotyle laevis van Beneden & Hesse, 1863

D Ptychogonimus megastomus (Rudolphi, 1819)

C Acanthobothrium benedeni Lönnberg, 1889


C Onchobothrium uncinatum (Rudolphi, 1819)


149

HOST PARASITE

45. Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche, 1809) D Lecithochirium grandiporum (Rudolphi, 1819)


46. Gobius cruentatus Gmelin, 1789 D Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907)


47. Gobius geniporus Valenciennes, 1837 D Podocotyle atomon (Rudolphi, 1802)

48. Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758 D Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)


D Prosorhynchoides tergestinum (Stossich, 1883)


49. Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809)

M Microcotyle sebastis Goto, 1894

50. Heptranchias perlo (Bonnaterre, 1788) M Erpocotyle laevis van Beneden & Hesse, 1863

51. Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre, 1788) M Erpocotyle laevis van Beneden & Hesse, 1863

C Crossobothrium campanulatum Klaptocz, 1906

C Phyllobothrium rotundum (Klaptocz, 1906) (I.S.)

52. Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810 C Gymnorhynchus gigas (Cuvier, 1817)

53. Knipowitschia panizzae (Verga, 1841) M Gyrodactylus arcuatus Bychowsky, 1933

M Gyrodactylus ostendicus Huyse & Malmberg, 2004

54. Labrus bergylta Ascanius, 1767 D Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)

55. Labrus merula Linnaeus, 1758 D Derogenes minor Looss, 1901


D Proctoeces maculatus (Looss, 1901)

56. Labrus mixtus Linnaeus, 1758 D Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)


150

HOST PARASITE

57. Lamna nasus (Bonnaterre, 1788) C Ceratobothrium xanthocephalum Monticelli, 1892

58. Lepidotrigla cavillone (Lacepède, 1801) D Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)

59. Lesueurigobius friesii (Malm, 1874) D Podocotyle atomon (Rudolphi, 1802)

60. Lichia amia (Linnaeus, 1758)

M Vallisia striata Parona & Perugia, 1890

D Rhipidocotyle galeata (Rudolphi, 1819)

D Sclerodistomum italicum (Stossich, 1893)

61. Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758)

M Lamellodiscus flagellatus Boudaya, Neifar & Euzet, 2009


M Lamellodiscus mormyri Euzet & Oliver, 1967

M Lamellodiscus verberis Euzet & Oliver, 1967

M Pagellicotyle mormyri (Lorenz, 1878)

D Derogenes latus Janiszewska, 1953

D Holorchis pycnoporus Stossich, 1901


D Macvicaria mormyri (Stossich, 1885)

62. Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) M Benedenia monticellii (Parona & Perugia, 1895)

M Ligophorus szidati Euzet & Suriano, 1977

M Ligophorus vanbenedenii (Parona & Perugia, 1890)

D Haplosplanchnus pachysomus (Eysenhardt, 1829)

D Lecithobotrys putrescens Looss, 1902


D Saccocoelium tensum Looss, 1902


151

HOST PARASITE

63. Liza ramada (Risso, 1826) M Ergenstrema mugilis Paperna, 1964

M Ligophorus confusus Euzet & Suriano, 1977

M Ligophorus imitans Euzet & Suriano, 1977

M Ligophorus parvicirrus Euzet & Sanfilippo, 1983





D Saturnius papernai Overstreet, 1977

64. Liza saliens (Risso, 1810) M Ligophorus acuminatus Euzet & Suriano, 1977

M Ligophorus heteronchus Euzet & Suriano, 1977

M Ligophorus macrocolpos Euzet & Suriano, 1977

M Ligophorus minimus Euzet & Suriano, 1977



D Saccocoelium tensum Looss, 1902

65. Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus, 1758 D Lecithochirium physcon Lühe, 1901

D Stephanostomum caducum (Looss, 1901)

D Stephanostomum cesticillum (Molin, 1858)

D Prosorhynchoides gracilescens (Rudolphi, 1819)

66. Luvarus imperialis Rafinesque, 1810 D Kenmackenzia gigas (Nardo, 1827)

D Tetrochetus raynerii (Nardo, 1833)


152

HOST PARASITE

67. Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) M Anthocotyle merluccii (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863)

D Brachyphallus crenatus (Rudolphi, 1802)

D Derogenes varicus (Müller, 1784)

C Caryophyllaeus trisignatus Molin, 1858

C Clestobothrium crassiceps (Rudolphi, 1819)


68. Microchirus ocellatus (Linnaeus, 1758) C Tetrarhynchus tenuicollis Rudolphi, 1819 (I.S.)

69. Microchirus variegatus (Donovan, 1808) D Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)

D Lepidapedon elongatum (Lebour, 1908)

D Lomasoma wardi (Manter, 1934)



70. Micromesistius poutassou (Risso, 1827) M Diclidophora minor (Olsson, 1876)

71. Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) M Capsala martinieri Bosc, 1811

D Accacladocoelium macrocotyle (Diesing, 1858)

D Accacladocoelium petasiporum Odhner, 1928

D Accacoelium contortum (Rudolphi, 1819)

D Didymozoon taenioides Monticelli, 1883

D Dihemistephanus lydiae (Stossich, 1896)

D Odhnerium calyptocotyle (Monticelli, 1893)

D Rhynchopharynx paradoxa Odhner, 1928

C Anchistrocephalus microcephalus (Rudolphi, 1819)


153

HOST PARASITE

72. Monochirus hispidus Rafinesque, 1814 D Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)


73. Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 M Ligophorus chabaudi Euzet & Suriano, 1977

M Metamicrocotyla cephalus (Azim, 1939)

74. Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 D Anisocladium fallax (Rudolphi, 1819)

D Anisocoelium capitellatum (Rudolphi, 1819)


D Lasiotocus mulli (Stossich, 1883)

D Lecithaster confusus Odhner, 1905

D Opecoeloides furcatus (Bremser in Rudolphi, 1819)

D Poracanthium furcatum Dollfus, 1948

D Proctotrema bacilliovatum Odhner, 1911

C Bothriocephalus vallei Stossich, 1899

75. Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758 D Anisocoelium capitellatum (Rudolphi, 1819)


D Poracanthium furcatum Dollfus, 1948

D Proctotrema bacilliovatum Odhner, 1911

76. Muraena helena Linnaeus, 1758 D Lecithochirium grandiporum (Rudolphi, 1819)

77. Mustelus asterias Cloquet, 1819 M Erpocotyle laevis van Beneden & Hesse, 1863

C Anthobothrium crispum Molin, 1858

C Calliobothrium eschrichtii (van Beneden, 1849)



154

HOST PARASITE

C Coronocestus musteli (Pintner, 1889) Caira, Marques, Jensen, Kuchta & Ivanov, 2013

78. Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758) M Calicotyle stossichi Braun, 1899

M Erpocotyle laevis van Beneden & Hesse, 1863

D Ptychogonimus megastomus (Rudolphi, 1819)


C Coronocestus musteli (Pintner, 1889) Caira, Marques, Jensen, Kuchta & Ivanov, 2013

C Eutetrarhynchus ruficollis (Eysenhardt, 1829)

C Nybelinia lingualis (Cuvier, 1817)

C Orygmatobothrium musteli (van Beneden, 1850)

79. Myctophum punctatum Rafinesque, 1810


80. Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) M Erpocotyle laevis van Beneden & Hesse, 1863

M Monocotyle myliobatis Taschenberg, 1878


C Echeneibothrium myliobatisaquilae Diesing, 1863

C Echinobothrium typus van Beneden, 1849

81. Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus, 1758) M Ancyrocotyle vallei (Parona & Perugia, 1895)

82. Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) D Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)

83. Oblada melanura (Linnaeus, 1758) D Diphterostomum brusinae (Stossich, 1888)

D Macvicaria dubia (Stossich, 1905)

D Macvicaria soleae (Dujardin, 1845)

84. Oedalechilus labeo (Cuvier, 1829) M Ligophorus vanbenedenii (Parona & Perugia, 1890)



155

HOST PARASITE

85. Ophidion barbatum Linnaeus, 1758 D Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)

D Lecithochirium conviva Lühe, 1901



86. Pagellus acarne (Risso, 1827) M Atrispinum acarne Maillard & Noisy, 1979

M Choricotyle chrysophrii van Beneden & Hesse, 1863

87. Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) M Choricotyle chrysophrii van Beneden & Hesse, 1863

M Lamellodiscus erythrini Euzet & Oliver, 1967

M Microcotyle erythrini van Beneden & Hese, 1863

D Aphanurus stossichi (Monticelli, 1891)

D Hemiurus communis Odhner, 1905

D Holorchis micracanthum (Stossich, 1888)





88. Parablennius gattorugine (Linnaeus, 1758)


D Zoogonoides viviparus (Olsson, 1868)

89. Parablennius sanguinolentus (Pallas, 1814)


90. Parablennius tentacularis (Brünnich, 1768)


91. Pomatoschistus marmoratus (Risso, 1810)

M Gyrodactylus branchialis Huyse, Malmberg & Volckaert, 2004

M Gyrodactylus ostendicus Huyse & Malmberg, 2004


156

HOST PARASITE

92. Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758) C Platybothrium auriculatum Yamaguti, 1952 (?)

93. Raja asterias Delaroche, 1809 C Anthobothrium crispum Molin, 1858

94. Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758 M Calicotyle kroyeri Diesing, 1850

M Rajonchocotyle emarginata (Olsson, 1876)

M Rajonchocotyle prenanti (St. Remy, 1890)

C Echinobothrium affine Diesing, 1863

C Echeneibothrium variabile van Beneden, 1850

C Phyllobothrium thridax (van Beneden, 1849) (I.S.)

95. Raja miraletus Linnaeus, 1758 M Calicotyle kroyeri Diesing, 1850

96. Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776) D Orophocotyle divergens Loos, 1902

D Orophocotyle planci (Stossich, 1899)

97. Rostroraja alba (Lacepède, 1803) M Calicotyle kroyeri Diesing, 1850

98. Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793) M Capsala pelamydis (Taschenberg, 1878)

99. Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) D Aphanurus stossichi (Monticelli, 1891)

D Hemiurus appendiculatus (Rudolphi, 1802)

D Hemiurus luehei Odhner, 1905


D Lecithaster gibbosus (Rudolphi, 1802)



100. Sarpa salpa (Linnaeus, 1758) M Atrispinum salpae (Parona & Perugia, 1890)

D Centroderma spinosissima (Stossich, 1883)


157

HOST PARASITE

D Elstia stossichianum (Monticelli, 1892)

D Mesometra brachycoelia Lühe, 1901

D Robphilodollfusium fractum (Rudolphi, 1819)

D Wardula capitellata (Rudolphi, 1819)

101. Sciaena umbra Linnaeus, 1758 M Calceostomella inermis (Parona & Perugia, 1889)

M Diplectanum aculeatum Parona & Perugia, 1889

M Diplectanum sciaenae van Beneden & Hesse, 1863

M Diplectanum simile Bychowsky, 1957

D Anoikostoma coronatum (Wagener, 1852)

D Metadena pauli (Vlassenko, 1931)

D Pleorchis polyorchis (Stossich, 1889)

D Siphoderina aloysiae (Stossich, 1885)

102. Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 M Kuhnia scombri (Kuhn, 1829)

M Kuhnia sprostonae Price, 1961



D Nematobothrium scombri (Taschenberg, 1879)

D Opechona bacillaris (Molin, 1859)


103. Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 M Grubea cochlear Diesing, 1858

M Kuhnia scombri (Kuhn, 1829)

M Kuhnia sprostonae Price, 1961


158

HOST PARASITE

D Aphanurus stossichi (Monticelli, 1891)




D Lecithocladium excisum (Rudolphi, 1819)

D Nematobothrium scombri (Taschenberg, 1879)

D Opechona bacillaris (Molin, 1859)


104. Scorpaena notata Rafinesque, 1810 D Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)

D Podocotyle scorpaenae (Rudolphi, 1819)

105. Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758 D Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)

D Podocotyle scorpaenae (Rudolphi, 1819)

106. Scorpaena scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 D Podocotyle scorpaenae (Rudolphi, 1819)

C Bothriocephalus angustatus Rudolphi, 1819 (s. i.)

107. Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758) M Erpocotyle laevis van Beneden & Hesse, 1863

M Hexabothrium appendiculatum (Kühn, 1829)

M Hexabothrium canicula (Cerfontaine, 1899)

D Diphterostomum betencourti (Monticelli, 1893)

C Onchobothrium ganfini Mola, 1934 (?)

108. Scyliorhinus stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758) D Diphterostomum betencourti (Monticelli, 1893)


C Onchobothrium lintoni Mola, 1934 (?)

109. Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810) M Heteraxine seriolae (Ishii, 1936)


159

HOST PARASITE


110. Serranus cabrilla (Linnaeus, 1758) M Protolamellodiscus serranelli (Euzet & Oliver, 1965)



111. Serranus hepatus (Linnaeus, 1758) D Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)





112. Serranus scriba (Linnaeus, 1758) D Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)


113. Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 M Diplectanum aequans (Wagener, 1857) (a)

M Encotyllabe vallei Monticelli, 1907

M Gyrodactylus longipes Paladini, Hansen, Fioravanti & Shinn, 2011

M Gyrodactylus orecchiae Paladini, Cable, Fioravanti, Faria, Di Cave & Shinn, 2009

M Lamellodiscus echeneis (Wagener, 1857) (n, a)



M Pagellicotyle mormyri (Lorenz, 1878)

M Sparicotyle chrysophrii (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863) (n, a)

D Allopodocotyle pedicellata (Stossich, 1887)

D Macvicaria maillardi Bartoli, Bray & Gibson,


160

HOST PARASITE

1989

D Macvicaria obovata (Molin, 1859)

114. Sphyraena sphyraena (Linnaeus, 1758)

M Cotyloatlantica mediterranea (Euzet & Trilles, 1960)

115. Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758) C Paraorygmatobothrium exiguum (Yamaguti, 1935)

116. Spicara maena (Linnaeus, 1758) D Lecithaster stellatus Looss, 1906




117. Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758) M Bivagina alcedinis (Parona & Perugia, 1889)

M Diclidophora bellones (Otto, 1823) (Emetha audouini in Spicara smaris)


D Lepocreadium pegorchis (Stossich, 1901)





118. Spondyliosoma cantharus (Linnaeus, 1758)

M Neobivagina canthari (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863)


119. Squalus acanthias (Linnaeus, 1758) C Acanthobothrium coronatum (Rudolphi, 1819)

120. Squatina squatina (Linnaeus, 1758) C Anthobothrium auriculatum (Rudolphi, 1819)

C Anthobothrium cornucopia van Beneden, 1850

C Phyllobothrium thridax (van Beneden, 1849) (I.S.)


161

HOST PARASITE

121. Stromateus fiatola Linnaeus, 1758 D Lecithocladium cristatum (Rudolphi, 1819)

122. Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre, 1788)




D Macvicaria alacris (Looss, 1901)


D Phyllodistomum acceptum Looss, 1901




123. Symphodus mediterraneus (Linnaeus, 1758)

M Microcotyle donavini van Beneden & Hesse, 1863


D Macvicaria alacris (Looss, 1901)

124. Symphodus ocellatus Forsskål, 1775 C Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 (I.S., plerocercoid larve)

125. Symphodus roissali (Risso, 1810) D Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)

126. Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) D Diphterostomum brusinae (Stossich, 1888)








162

HOST PARASITE


D Zoogonus rubellus (Olsson, 1868)

127. Syngnathus typhle Linnaeus, 1758 C Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 (I.S., plerocercoid larve)

128. Tetrapturus belone Rafinesque, 1810 M Tristoma coccineum Cuvier, 1817

129. Thalassoma pavo (Linnaeus, 1758) D Phyllodistomum acceptum Looss, 1901

130. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) M Hexostoma thynni (Delaroche, 1811)

D Cardicola forsteri Cribb, Daintith & Munday, 2000 (a)

D Didymocylindrus filiformis Ishii, 1935 (a)

D Didymocystis abdominalis Yamaguti, 1938 (a)

D Didymocystis bifasciatus (Yamaguti, 1970) (a)

D Didymocystis oesophagicola (Yamaguti, 1970) (a)

D Didymocystis pectoralis (Yamaguti, 1970) (a)

D Didymocystis pinnicola (Yamaguti, 1970) (a)

D Didymocystis semiglobularis (Ischii, 1935) (a)

D Didymocystis thynni (Taschenberg, 1879) (a)

D Didymosulcus irregularis (Yamaguti, 1970) (a)

D Didymosulcus katsuwonicola (Okada, 1926) (a)

D Didymosulcus palati Yamaguti, 1970 (a)

D Didymosulcus spirocauda (Yamaguti, 1970) (a)

D Didymosulcus wedli Ariola, 1902 (a) (s. i.)

D Didymozoon longicolle (Ishii, 1935) (a)

D Didymozoon pretiosum Ariola, 1902


163

HOST PARASITE

D Koellikerioides apicalis Yamaguti, 1970 (a)

D Koellikerioides internogastricus Yamaguti, 1970 (a)

D Koellikerioides intestinalis Yamaguti, 1970 (a)

D Oesophagocystis dissimilis (Yamaguti, 1938) (a)

D Platocystis alalongae Yamaguti, 1938 (a)

D Wedlia bipartita (Wedl, 1855) (a)

D Wedlia globosa Ishii, 1935 (a)

D Wedlia reniformis (Ishii, 1935) (a)

C Hepatoxylon trichiuri (Holten, 1802) (a)

131. Torpedo marmorata Risso, 1810 M Amphibdella torpedinis Chatin, 1874

M Amphibdelloides kechemirae Tazerouti, Neifar & Euzet, 2006

M Amphibdelloides vallei Llewellyn, 1960


C Acanthobothrium filicolle Zschokke, 1888

C Anthobothrium auriculatum (Rudolphi, 1819)

C Anthocephalum wedli Ruhnke, 2011


132. Torpedo torpedo (Linnaeus, 1758) M Amphibdella paronaperugiae Llewellyn, 1960

M Amphibdelloides benhassinae Tazerouti, Neifar & Euzet, 2006


C Acanthobothrium filicolle Zschokke, 1888

133. Trachinus draco Linnaeus, 1758 M Aspinatrium trachini (Parona & Perugia, 1889)


164

HOST PARASITE


134. Trachinus radiatus Cuvier, 1829 M Aspinatrium trachini (Parona & Perugia, 1889)

135. Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868)

M Gastrocotyle trachuri van Beneden & Hesse, 1863

M Pseudaxine trachuri Parona & Perugia, 1890

D Ectenurus lepidus Looss, 1907


D Prodistomum polonii (Molin, 1859)


136. Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758) D Ectenurus lepidus Looss, 1907



D Prodistomum polonii (Molin, 1859)


137. Trigla lyra Linnaeus, 1758 M Paradiplectanotrema sp. Gerasev, Di Cave, Orecchia & Paggi, 1995

D Derogenes ruber Lühe, 1900


138. Trigloporus lastoviza (Bonnaterre, 1788)

M Plectanocotyle gurnardi (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863)

139. Trisopterus minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) M Diclidophora phycidis (Parona & Perugia, 1889)


D Stephanostomum caducum (Looss, 1901)

D Stephanostomum pristis (Deslongchamps, 1824)

140. Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758) M Calceostomella inermis (Parona & Perugia, 1889)


165

HOST PARASITE

M Diplectanum chabaudi Oliver, 1980

M Diplectanum melvillei Oliver & Paperna, 1984

M Diplectanum nagibinae Oliver & Paperna, 1984


D Derogenes affine (Rudolphi, 1819)

D Pycnadenoides umbrinae (Stossich, 1885)

D Stephanostomum bicoronatum (Stossich, 1883)

141. Uranoscopus scaber Linnaeus, 1758 D Stephanostomum minutum (Looss, 1901)

D Anisocladium fallax (Rudolphi, 1819)

D Anisocladium gracile (Looss, 1901)

D Anisocoelium capitellatum (Rudolphi, 1819)

142. Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758 M Tristoma coccineum Cuvier, 1817

M Tristoma integrum (Diesing, 1850)

143. Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758 D Lecithaster gibbosus (Rudolphi, 1802)


D Synaptobothrium caudiporum (Rudolphi, 1819)

C Fistulicola plicatus (Rudolphi, 1819)



166

Table 2 : Number o f f la tw orm species repor ted f rom d i f fe rent par ts o f the Adr ia t ic Sea: N–nor thern par t ; C–centra l par t ; S–southern par t .

N C S

Taxon

MONOGENEA 45 6 81

DIGENEA 116 116 41

CESTODA 51 18 20

Total 212 140 142

Tab le 3 : Geographica l d is t r ibut ion o f f la tw orms repor ted f rom the Adr ia t ic Sea .

Number of species

Distribution MONOGENEA DIGENEA CESTODA Total

Adriatic Sea 3 4 6 13

Mediterranean 43 26 12 81

Mediterranean–Atlantic 55 24 27 106

Cosmopolitan 5 106 19 130

Total 106 160 64 330

DISCUSSION This monograph is done mainly on the basis of the examination of original

sources, consisting of about 1350 references; with some unpublished results of our personal research added. It presents 330 nominal species from 188 genera and 65 families of flatworm parasites in 143 fish hosts from the Adriatic Sea (Table 1).

The most numerous was fauna of digeneans: 160 species from 97 genera, 29 families, 15 superfamily and 2 orders were reported. The fauna of monogeneans was highly diverse, also – consisting of 106 species from 52 genera, 21 families and 6 orders (from both subclasses). The cestode fauna was less numerous – 64 species from 39 genera, 15 families and 8 orders.

Presence of one digenean species [Otodistomum veliporum (Creplin, 1837)] and four species of cestodes (Onchobothrium ganfini Mola, 1934; Onchobothrium lintoni Mola, 1934; Platybothrium auriculatum Yamaguti, 1952; Ceratobothrium xanthocephalum Monticelli, 1892) is considered to be uncertain, since we did not find any original record related to the Adriatic Sea.


167

One species of digeneans [Didymosulcus wedli (Ariola, 1902)] and two species of cestodes (Bothriocephalus angustatus Rudolphi, 1819 and Bothriocephalus labracis Dujardin, 1845) were identified as Species Inquirenda, while six species of cestodes as Species Incertae Sedis (Tetrarhynchus tenuicollis Rudolphi, 1819 – Trypanorhyncha; Phyllobothrium auricula van Beneden, 1858, Phyllobothrium pastinacae Mokhtar-Maamouri & Zamali, 1981, Phyllobothrium rotundum (Klaptocz, 1906), Phyllobothrium thridax (van Beneden, 1849), Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 – Tetraphyllidea). One monogenean species (Trochopus onchacanthus Massa, 1906) is originally described as "parasite of unknown host".

The number of identified and reported parasite species was not equal in all three geographic zones of the Adriatic Sea (Table 2). Most of them were found in the northern part – 212 species. In the central and southern part 140 and 142 parasite species were recorded, respectively. In the northern Adriatic, out of the total number of species, 116 digeneans, 51 cestodes and 45 monogeneans were found. In the central part, digeneans were also the most numerous (116 species), while monogeneans and cestodes were considerably less present in the parasitofauna (6 and 18, respectively). In the southern part, where the parasitological research has recently begun, 81 monogeneans, 41 digeneans and 20 cestodes were recorded.

The intensity and duration of systematic investigations are of the utmost importance for better knowledge of parasitofauna. In the northern part, the intensive and continuous research spanned several decades in the 19th century, while in the south, that continuity exists just last four decades. There were only sporadic investigations in the central part of the Adriatic before the beginning of the 21st century.

Twenty-nine species are newly recorded from the Adriatic Sea – 14 monogeneans [Amphibdella paronaperugiae Llewellyn, 1960; Amphibdelloides benhassinae Tazerouti, Neifar & Euzet, 2006; Amphibdelloides kechemirae Tazerouti, Neifar & Euzet, 2006; Diplectanum laubieri Lambert & Maillard, 1974; Lamellodiscus flagellatus Boudaya, Neifar & Euzet, 2009; Dasybatotrema dasybatis (MacCallum, 1916); Heterocotyle pastinacae Scott, 1904; Heterocotyle scotti Neifar, Euzet & Ben Hassine, 1998; Heterocotyle similis Neifar, Euzet & Ben Hassine, 1998; Diclidophoropsis taschenbergii (Parona & Perugia, 1889); Heteraxine seriolae (Ishii, 1936); Grubea cochlear Diesing, 1858; Kuhnia sprostonae Price, 1961; Taurimazocraes markevitschi (Nicolaeva & Pogoreltzeva, 1965)], 5 digeneans [Ichthyocotylurus pileatus (Rudolphi, 1802); Crepidostomum farionis (Müler, 1784); Plagioporus stefanskii Ślusarski, 1958; Sphaerostoma globiporum (Rudolphi, 1802); Asymphylodora markewitschi Kulakovskaja, 1947] and 10 cestodes [Bothriocephalus clavibothrium Ariola, 1899; Eubothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779); Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1758); Proteocephalus macrocephalus (Creplin, 1825); Rhabdotobothrium dollfusi Euzet, 1953; Acanthobothrium paulum Linton, 1890; Onchomegas wageneri


168

(Linton, 1890); Prochristianella tenuispine (Linton, 1890); Prochristianella papillifer (Poyarkoff, 1909); Lacistorhynchus tenuis (van Beneden, 1858)].

Monogenean Taurimazocraes markevitschi (Nicolaeva & Pogoreltzeva, 1965) is new for the Mediterranean Sea.

Twenty-eight species were recorded from pisciculture facilities. They correspond to the species that parasitize wild hosts.

Of the total of 143 host species (117 bony fish and 26 cartilaginous), only four were recorded as new hosts (3 for monogeneans, 1 for cestodes). The osteichthyan fish hosted 269 species of parasites (87 monogeneans, 158 digeneans and 24 cestodes), while chondrichthyan fish were found parasitized by 62 species (18 monogeneans, 3 digeneans and 41 cestodes).

Thunnus thynnus hosted the highest number of parasite species – 26 (1 monogenean, 24 digeneans and 1 cestode). From Anguilla anguilla 17 species were recorded (1 monogenean, 12 digeneans and 4 cestodes), from Diplodus annularis – 18 (4 monogeneans, 13 digeneans and 1 cestode), and from Dasyatis pastinaca – 16 (5 monogeneans and 11 cestodes) (Table 1).

As it is already known, the geographical distribution of the parasites coincides with the host areal of distribution. The analysis of recorded data, shows, however, that a certain number of parasites was found in the Adriatic Sea only, although their hosts are widespread in the Mediterranean and beyond.

Thirteen species of flatworms (3.93%) are reported from the Adriatic Sea only. Three monogeneans – 2.83% of their total number [Ancyrocotyle vallei (Parona & Perugia, 1895); Trochopus onchacanthus Massa, 1906; Paradiplectanotrema sp. Gerasev, Di Cave, Orecchia & Paggi, 1995], four digeneans – 2.50% of their total number [Orophocotyle divergens Looss, 1902; Derogenes affine (Rudolphi, 1819), Lecithochirium physcon Lühe, 1901; Lecithaster atherinae Orecchia, Paggi & Radujković, 1988] and six cestodes – 9.37% of their total number [Bothriocephalus labracis Dujardin, 1845; Caryophyllaeus punctulatus Molin, 1858; Caryophyllaeus trisignatus Molin, 1858; Anthobothrium crispum Molin, 1858; Crossobothrium campanulatum Klaptocz, 1906; Phyllobothrium rotundum (Klaptocz, 1906)] were geographically restricted to the Adriatic. We consider that most of the above mentioned species are not endemic to the Adriatic, but that there is a lack of data on parasites and their hosts from the Mediterranean and other geographical areas.

From remaining 317 species of flatworms, 81 species (24.54%) had Mediterranean geographical distribution, 106 (32.12%) species had Mediterranean–Atlantic distribution, while 130 (39.39%) were cosmopolitan (Table 3).

From the species having Mediterranean distribution, monogeneans were represented with 43 (53.08%), digeneans with 26 (32.09%) and cestodes with 12 species only (14.81%).


169

From the species having Mediterranean–Atlantic distribution, monogeneans were represented with 55 (51.88%), cestodes with 27 (24.47%), and digeneans with 24 species only (22.64%).

Among cosmopolitan species digeneans were the most abundant – 106 (81.53%), followed by cestodes with – 19 (14.61%), and monogeneans – 5 species (3.84%).

These data are subject to revision, since a significant number of species were not found after their first description and findings, both in the Mediterranean and Atlantic, as well as in other geographical regions.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors acknowledge to Jelena Tomić, for the English text redaction of this monograph.

REFERENCES ABILDGAARD, P.C. 1790: Almindelige Betragtninger over Indvolde-Orme. Bemaerkniger ved

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244

INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC AND VERNACULAR HOST NAMES Italic type indicates valid scientific names, Roman type is used for vernacular names. acanthias, Squalus 130, 160 acarne, Pagellus 40, 46, 155 Acipenser sturio 101, 140 acus, Carapus 59, 142 Adriatic dwarf goby 34 alba, Rostroraja 35, 156 allis shad 108 Alopias vulpinus 137, 140 Alosa alosa 108, 140 Alosa fallax 66, 92, 93, 107, 123, 124, 127,

140 alosa, Alosa 108, 140 amia, Lichia 39, 70, 100, 150 angelshark 133, 139 angler 54, 68, 94 Anguilla anguilla 34, 51, 56, 59, 64, 67, 68,

69, 95, 102, 107, 111, 120, 123, 127, 140, 168, 279, 280

anguilla, Anguilla 34, 51, 56, 59, 64, 67, 68, 69, 95, 102, 107, 111, 120, 123, 127, 140, 168, 279, 280

annular seabream 29, 30, 32, 49, 53, 60, 63, 73, 74, 81, 82, 95, 104, 109, 112, 139

annularis, Diplodus 29, 30, 32, 49, 53, 60, 62, 63, 73, 74, 81, 82, 95, 104, 109, 112, 139, 146, 168, 279, 280

aquila, Myliobatis 37, 126, 128, 130, 154 Argyrosomus regius 28, 141 Ariosoma balearicum 64, 94, 95, 141 Arnoglossus laterna 94, 112, 120, 121, 139,

141 Arnoglossus thori 136, 141 asterias, Mustelus 37, 125, 131, 133, 153 asterias, Raja 133, 156 Atherina boyeri 97, 106, 141 Atherina hepsetus 94, 97, 106, 142 Atlantic bluefin tuna 44, 52, 83, 84, 85, 86,

87, 88, 89, 137 Atlantic bonito 20 Atlantic horse mackerel 72, 74, 91, 94, 106 Atlantic mackerel 44, 45, 59, 88, 90, 94, 96,

98, 104, 105 aurata, Liza 19, 25, 26, 76, 77, 78, 150

aurata, Sparus 20, 27, 29, 31, 34, 49, 50, 57, 61, 159

Auxis thazard 68, 142 axillary seabream 40, 46 axillary wrasse 47, 59, 60 balearicum, Ariosoma 64, 94, 95, 141 ballan wrasse 59 bandtooth conger 64, 94, 95, 141 barbatum, Ophidion 59, 93, 94, 95, 155 barbatus, Mullus 62, 65, 82, 98, 111, 112,

113, 114, 121, 153 basking shark 129 batis, Dipturus 35, 126, 131, 148 Belone belone 39, 74, 97, 109, 122, 136, 142 belone, Belone 39, 74, 97, 109, 122, 136,

142 belone, Tetrapturus 20, 162 bergylta, Labrus 59, 149 big-scale sand smelt 97, 106 bimaculatum, Cichlasoma 59, 143 black acara 59 black goby 59, 64, 68, 139 black scorpionfish 59, 65 black seabream 48, 104 blackbelly rosefish 48 Blennius ocellaris 62, 73, 142 blotched picarel 99, 103, 105, 112 blue butterfish 95 blue shark 132 blue skate 35, 126, 131 blue whiting 41 bluntnose sixgill shark 37, 134, 139 bogue 90, 102, 106, 107, 112, 115, 118, 139 Boops boops 90, 102, 106, 107, 112, 115,

118, 139, 142 boops, Boops 90, 102, 106, 107, 112, 115,

118, 139, 142 boxlip mullet 26, 76 boyeri, Atherina 97, 106, 141 broadnosed pipefish 139 brown comber 59, 62, 94, 97, 139 brown meagre 26, 28, 33, 53, 114, 116 brown ray 35


245

brown wrasse 59, 73, 82 Buglossidium luteum 71, 142 butterfly blenny 62, 73 cabrilla, Serranus 32, 59, 139, 159 canicula, Scyliorhinus 37, 38, 108, 132, 158 cantharus, Spondyliosoma 48, 104, 160 Carapus acus 59, 142 cavillone, Lepidotrigla 59, 150 Centrolophus niger 104, 122, 143 centroura, Dasyatis 130, 144 cephalus, Mugil 24, 47, 153 Cepola macrophthalma 72, 139, 143 Cetorhinus maximus 129, 143 Chelidonichthys cuculus 21, 26, 143 Chelidonichthys lucerna 21, 59, 143 Chelon labrosus 23, 33, 47, 50, 75, 76, 77,

143 chub mackerel 45, 88, 98, 104, 105, 115 Cichlasoma bimaculatum 59, 143 cinereus, Symphodus 59, 60, 63, 70, 73, 74,

94, 98, 161 cirrosa, Umbrina 27, 28, 33, 54, 65, 82, 115,

165 Citharus linguatula 94, 95, 110, 119, 136,

139, 143 clavata, Raja 35, 38, 39, 126, 128, 139, 156 comber 32, 59, 139 common dentex 58, 63, 99, 115, 116 common eagle ray 37, 126, 128, 130 common pandora 30, 40, 48, 53, 63, 90, 92,

100, 101, 139 common stingray 36, 128, 129, 130, 131,

135, 138, 139 common torpedo 22, 130, 131 common two-banded seabream 29, 31, 47,

49, 60, 95, 109, 112, 139 Conger conger 59, 68, 69, 94, 95, 125, 135,

144 conger, Conger 59, 68, 69, 94, 95, 125, 135,

144 Coris julis 59, 144 cruentatus, Gobius 94, 139, 149 cuckoo wrasse 59 cuculus, Chelidonichthys 21, 26, 143 dactylopterus, Helicolenus 48, 149 Dalatias licha 66, 144

Dasyatis centroura 130, 144 Dasyatis pastinaca 36, 128, 130, 131, 135,

138, 139, 144, 168, 279, 280 Dentex dentex 58, 63, 99, 115, 116, 145 dentex, Dentex 58, 63, 99, 115, 116, 145 Dicentrarchus labrax 27, 29, 35, 49, 50, 58,

67, 115, 116, 120, 145 Diplodus annularis 29, 30, 32, 49, 53, 60, 62,

63, 73, 74, 81, 82, 95, 104, 109, 112, 139, 146, 168, 279, 280

Diplodus puntazzo 20, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 50, 63, 147

Diplodus sargus 40, 42, 47, 63, 104, 112, 147

Diplodus vulgaris 29, 31, 47, 49, 60, 95, 109, 112, 139, 147

Dipturus batis 35, 126, 131, 148 Dipturus oxyrinchus 39, 148 ductor, Naucrates 18, 154 draco, Trachinus 46, 59, 163 dumerili, Seriola 43, 74, 158 dusky grouper 31, 32 East Atlantic peacock wrasse 53, 59, 63, 73,

74, 94, 109, 110 Echelus myrus 69, 139, 148 encrasicholus, Engraulis 45, 148 Engraulis encrasicholus 45, 148 Epinephelus marginatus 31, 32, 148 erythrinus, Pagellus 30, 40, 48, 53, 63, 90,

92, 100, 101, 139, 155 European anchovy 45 European barracuda 40 European conger 59, 68, 69, 94, 95, 125,

135 European eel 34, 51, 56, 59, 64, 67, 68, 69,

95, 102, 107, 111, 120, 123, 127 European hake 42, 83, 91, 121, 125, 139 European pilchard 73, 90, 92, 93, 98, 101,

107 European seabass 27, 29, 35, 49, 50, 58, 67,

115, 116, 120 Eutrigla gurnardus 26, 148 faber, Zeus 97, 98, 105, 124, 139, 165 fallax, Alosa 66, 92, 93, 107, 123, 124, 127,

140 fiatola, Stromateus 95, 161


246

five-spotted wrasse 59 flathead grey mullet 24, 47 foureyed sole 138 friesii, Lesueurigobius 64, 150 Fries's goby 64 frigate tuna 68 Gaidropsarus vulgaris 57, 105, 148 Galeorhinus galeus 37, 99, 130, 131, 132,

148 galeus, Galeorhinus 37, 99, 130, 131, 132,

148 garfish 39, 74, 97, 109, 122, 136 gattorugine, Parablennius 110, 112, 155 geniporus, Gobius 64, 149 gilthead seabream 20, 27, 29, 31, 34, 49, 50,

57, 61 gladius, Xiphias 20, 165 glauca, Prionace 132, 156 Gnathophis mystax 64, 94, 149 Gobius cruentatus 94, 139, 149 Gobius geniporus 64, 149 Gobius niger 59, 64, 68, 139, 149 golden grey mullet 19, 25, 26, 76, 77, 78 greater amberjack 43, 74 greater weever 46, 59 grey gurnard 26 grey wrasse 59, 60, 63, 70, 73, 74, 94, 98 griseus, Hexanchus 37, 134, 139, 149 gurnardus, Eutrigla 26, 148 helena, Muraena 94, 153 Helicolenus dactylopterus 48, 149 hepatus, Serranus 59, 62, 94, 97, 139, 159 hepsetus, Atherina 94, 97, 106, 142 Heptranchias perlo 37, 149 Hexanchus griseus 37, 134, 139, 149 hispidus, Monochirus 59, 139, 153 imperialis, Luvarus 81, 99, 151 Isurus oxyrinchus 136, 149 japonicus, Scomber 45, 88, 98, 104, 105,

115, 157 John dory 97, 98, 105, 124, 139 julis, Coris 59, 144 kitefin shark 66

Knipowitschia panizzae 34, 149 labeo, Oedalechilus 26, 76, 154 labrax, Dicentrarchus 27, 29, 35, 49, 50, 58,

67, 115, 116, 120, 145 labrosus, Chelon 23, 33, 47, 50, 75, 76, 77,

143 Labrus bergylta 59, 149 Labrus merula 59, 73, 82, 149 Labrus mixtus 59, 149 laevis, Ranzania 80, 156 Lamna nasus 133, 150 large-scaled gurnard 59 lastoviza, Trigloporus 51, 164 laterna, Arnoglossus 94, 112, 120, 121, 139,

141 leaping mullet 23, 24, 25, 50, 78 leerfish 39, 70, 100 Lepidotrigla cavillone 59, 150 Lesueurigobius friesii 64, 150 licha, Dalatias 66, 144 Lichia amia 39, 70, 100, 150 linguatula, Citharus 94, 95, 110, 119, 136,

139, 143 Lithognathus mormyrus 30, 31, 49, 53, 61,

82, 101, 150 Liza aurata 19, 25, 26, 76, 77, 78, 150 Liza ramada 24, 25, 33, 50, 76, 77, 78, 96,

151 Liza saliens 23, 24, 25, 50, 78, 151 longnosed skate 39 Lophius piscatorius 54, 68, 94, 151 lucerna, Chelidonichthys 21, 59, 143 luteum, Buglossidium 71, 142 luvar 81, 99 Luvarus imperialis 81, 99, 151 lyra, Trigla 26, 59, 83, 164 macrophthalma, Cepola 72, 139, 143 maena, Spicara 99, 103, 105, 112, 160 marbled electric ray 22, 23, 128, 130, 131,

133, 139 marbled goby 34 marginatus, Epinephelus 31, 32, 148 marmorata, Torpedo 22, 23, 128, 130, 131,

133, 139, 163 marmoratus, Pomatoschistus 34, 155 maximus, Cetorhinus 129, 143


247

meagre 28 Mediterranean horse mackerel 43, 72, 91,

106, 139 Mediterranean moray 94 Mediterranean rainbow wrasse 59 Mediterranean sand smelt 94, 97, 106 Mediterranean scaldfish 94, 112, 120, 121,

139 Mediterranean spearfish 20 Mediterranean starry ray 133 mediterraneus, Symphodus 47, 59, 60, 161 mediterraneus, Trachurus 43, 72, 91, 106,

139, 164 melanostomus, Neogobius 59, 154 melanura, Oblada 61, 62, 109, 154 Merluccius merluccius 42, 83, 91, 121, 125,

139, 152 merluccius, Merluccius 42, 83, 91, 121, 125,

139, 152 merula, Labrus 59, 73, 82, 149 Microchirus ocellatus 138, 152 Microchirus variegatus 59, 64, 71, 72, 103,

152 Micromesistius poutassou 41, 152 minutus, Trisopterus 41, 54, 55, 82, 164 miraletus, Raja 35, 156 mixtus, Labrus 59, 149 Mola mola 19, 79, 80, 87, 103, 123, 152 mola, Mola 19, 79, 80, 87, 103, 123, 152 Monochirus hispidus 59, 139, 153 mormyrus, Lithognathus 30, 31, 49, 53, 61,

82, 101, 150 Mugil cephalus 24, 47, 153 Mullus barbatus 62, 65, 82, 98, 111, 112,

113, 114, 121, 153 Mullus surmuletus 62, 65, 112, 114, 153 Muraena helena 94, 153 Mustelus asterias 37, 125, 131, 133, 153 Mustelus mustelus 35, 37, 99, 125, 131, 134,

135, 138, 154 mustelus, Mustelus 35, 37, 99, 125, 131,

134, 135, 138, 154 Myctophum punctatum 98, 154 Myliobatis aquila 37, 126, 128, 130, 154 myrus, Echelus 69, 139, 148 mystax, Gnathophis 64, 94, 149 nasus, Lamna 133, 150

Naucrates ductor 18, 154 Neogobius melanostomus 59, 154 niger, Centrolophus 104, 122, 143 niger, Gobius 59, 64, 68, 139, 149 notata, Scorpaena 59, 65, 158 nursehound 108, 130, 132 Oblada melanura 61, 62, 109, 154 ocean sunfish 19, 79, 80, 87, 103, 123 ocellaris, Blennius 62, 73, 142 ocellated wrasse 139 ocellatus, Microchirus 138, 152 ocellatus, Symphodus 139, 161 Oedalechilus labeo 26, 76, 154 Ophidion barbatum 59, 93, 94, 95, 155 ornate wrasse 70 oxyrinchus, Dipturus 39, 148 oxyrinchus, Isurus 136, 149 Pagellus acarne 40, 46, 155 Pagellus erythrinus 30, 40, 48, 53, 63, 90,

92, 100, 101, 139, 155 painted comber 59, 98 painted eel 69, 139 panizzae, Knipowitschia 34, 149 Parablennius gattorugine 110, 112, 155 Parablennius sanguinolentus 95, 155 Parablennius tentacularis 95, 155 pastinaca, Dasyatis 36, 128, 130, 131, 135,

138, 139, 144, 168, 279, 280 pavo, Thalassoma 70, 162 pearl fish 59 perlo, Heptranchias 37, 149 picarel 41, 47, 60, 63, 103, 104, 105, 139 picked dogfish 130 pilchardus, Sardina 73, 90, 92, 93, 98, 101,

107, 156 pilotfish 18 piper gurnard 26, 59, 83 piscatorius, Lophius 54, 68, 94, 151 Pomatoschistus marmoratus 34, 155 poor cod 41, 54, 55, 82 porbeagle 133 porcus, Scorpaena 59, 65, 158 poutassou, Micromesistius 41, 152 Prionace glauca 132, 156 punctatum, Myctophum 98, 154


248

puntazzo, Diplodus 20, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 50, 63, 147

radiatus, Trachinus 46, 164 Raja asterias 133, 156 Raja clavata 35, 38, 39, 126, 128, 139, 156 Raja miraletus 35, 156 ramada, Liza 24, 25, 33, 50, 76, 77, 78, 96,

151 Ranzania laevis 80, 156 red bandfish 72, 139 red gurnard 21, 26 red mullet 62, 65, 82, 98, 111, 112, 113, 114,

121 red scorpionfish 65, 119 red-mouthed goby 94, 139 regius, Argyrosomus 28, 141 roissali, Symphodus 59, 161 Rostroraja alba 35, 156 roughtail stingray 130 round goby 59 rudderfish 104, 122 rusty blenny 95 saddled seabream 61, 62, 109 salema 46, 102, 117, 118, 119 saliens, Liza 23, 24, 25, 50, 78, 151 salpa, Sarpa 46, 102, 117, 118, 119, 156 sand steenbras 30, 31, 49, 53, 61, 82, 101 sanguinolentus, Parablennius 95, 155 Sarda sarda 20, 156 sarda, Sarda 20, 156 Sardina pilchardus 73, 90, 92, 93, 98, 101,

107, 156 sargus, Diplodus 40, 42, 47, 63, 104, 112,

147 Sarpa salpa 46, 102, 117, 118, 119, 156 scaber, Uranoscopus 55, 113, 114, 165 Sciaena umbra 26, 28, 33, 53, 114, 116, 157 Scomber japonicus 45, 88, 98, 104, 105,

115, 157 Scomber scombrus 44, 45, 59, 88, 90, 94,

96, 98, 104, 105, 157 scombrus, Scomber 44, 45, 59, 88, 90, 94,

96, 98, 104, 105, 157 Scorpaena notata 59, 65, 158 Scorpaena porcus 59, 65, 158 Scorpaena scrofa 65, 119, 158

scriba, Serranus 59, 98, 159 scrofa, Scorpaena 65, 119, 158 Scyliorhinus canicula 37, 38, 108, 132, 158 Scyliorhinus stellaris 108, 130, 132, 158 Seriola dumerili 43, 74, 158 Serranus cabrilla 32, 59, 139, 159 Serranus hepatus 59, 62, 94, 97, 139, 159 Serranus scriba 59, 98, 159 sharpnose sevengill shark 37 sharpsnout seabream 20, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,

50, 63 shi drum 27, 28, 33, 54, 65, 82, 115 shortfin mako 136 slender goby 64 slender sunfish 80 small red scorpionfish 59, 65 small-spotted catshark 37, 38, 108, 132 smaris, Spicara 41, 47, 60, 63, 103, 104,

105, 139, 160 smooth hammerhead 134 smooth-hound 35, 37, 99, 125, 131, 134,

135, 138 snake blenny 59, 93, 94, 95 solenette 71 Sparus aurata 20, 27, 29, 31, 34, 49, 50, 57,

61, 159 Sphyraena sphyraena 40, 160 sphyraena, Sphyraena 40, 160 Sphyrna zygaena 134, 160 Spicara maena 99, 103, 105, 112, 160 Spicara smaris 41, 47, 60, 63, 103, 104, 105,

139, 160 Spondyliosoma cantharus 48, 104, 160 spotted flounder 94, 95, 110, 119, 136, 139 spotted lanternfish 98 Squalus acanthias 130, 160 Squatina squatina 133, 139, 160 squatina, Squatina 133, 139, 160 stargazer 55, 113, 114 starry smooth-hound 37, 125, 131, 133 starry weever 46 stellaris, Scyliorhinus 108, 130, 132, 158 streaked gurnard 51 Stromateus fiatola 95, 161 sturgeon 101 sturio, Acipenser 101, 140 surmuletus, Mullus 62, 65, 112, 114, 153 surmullet 62, 65, 112, 114


249

swordfish 20 Symphodus cinereus 59, 60, 63, 70, 73, 74,

94, 98, 161 Symphodus mediterraneus 47, 59, 60, 161 Symphodus ocellatus 139, 161 Symphodus roissali 59, 161 Symphodus tinca 53, 59, 63, 73, 74, 94, 109,

110, 161 Syngnathus typhle 139, 162 tentacled blenny 95 tentacularis, Parablennius 95, 155 Tetrapturus belone 20, 162 Thalassoma pavo 70, 162 thazard, Auxis 68, 142 thickback sole 59, 64, 71, 72, 103 thicklip grey mullet 23, 33, 47, 50, 75, 76, 77 thinlip conger 64, 94 thinlip grey mullet 24, 25, 33, 50, 76, 77, 78,

96 thori, Arnoglossus 136, 141 thornback ray 35, 38, 39, 126, 128, 139 Thor's scaldfish 136 three-bearded rockling 57, 105 thresher 137 Thunnus thynnus 44, 52, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87,

88, 89, 137, 162, 168, 279, 280 thynnus, Thunnus 44, 52, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87,

88, 89, 137, 162, 168, 279, 280 tinca, Symphodus 53, 59, 63, 73, 74, 94,

109, 110, 161 tompot blenny 110, 112 tope shark 37, 99, 130, 131, 132 Torpedo marmorata 22, 23, 128, 130, 131,

133, 139, 163

Torpedo torpedo 22, 130, 131, 163 torpedo, Torpedo 22, 130, 131, 163 Trachinus draco 46, 59, 163 Trachinus radiatus 46, 164 Trachurus mediterraneus 43, 72, 91, 106,

139, 164 Trachurus trachurus 72, 74, 91, 94, 106, 164 trachurus, Trachurus 72, 74, 91, 94, 106, 164 Trigla lyra 26, 59, 83, 164 Trigloporus lastoviza 51, 164 Trisopterus minutus 41, 54, 55, 82, 164 tub gurnard 21, 59 twaite shad 66, 92, 93, 107, 123, 124, 127 typhle, Syngnathus 139, 162 umbra, Sciaena 26, 28, 33, 53, 114, 116, 157 Umbrina cirrosa 27, 28, 33, 54, 65, 82, 115,

165 Uranoscopus scaber 55, 113, 114, 165 variegatus, Microchirus 59, 64, 71, 72, 103,

152 vulgaris, Diplodus 29, 31, 47, 49, 60, 95,

109, 112, 139, 147 vulgaris, Gaidropsarus 57, 105, 148 vulpinus, Alopias 137, 140 whiskered sole 59, 139 white seabream 40, 42, 47, 63, 104, 112 white skate 35 Xiphias gladius 20, 165 Zeus faber 97, 98, 105, 124, 139, 165 zygaena, Sphyrna 134, 160


250

INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF THE ADRIATIC FLATWORMS Bold type indicates valid scientific names.

abdominalis, Coeliodidymocystis 84 abdominalis, Didymocystis 84, 162 abdominalis, Ligula 126 Abothrium fragile 124 Abothrium longissimum 123 Acanthobothrium 129 Acanthobothrium benedeni 129, 148 Acanthobothrium coronatum 129 Acanthobothrium coronatum 130, 144,

154, 158, 160, 163 Acanthobothrium crassicolle 130, 144 Acanthobothrium dujardinii 129 Acanthobothrium eschrichtii 131 Acanthobothrium filicolle 130, 163 Acanthobothrium fillicole var. benedeni 129 Acanthobothrium fillicole var. fillicole 129 Acanthobothrium hispidum 130 Acanthobothrium intermedium 130 Acanthobothrium paulum 131, 145, 167 Acanthobothrium ponticum 130 Acanthobothrium semnovesiculum 129 Acanthobothrium uncinatum 129 acanthocephala, Tergestia 74 acanthocephala, Theledera 74, 142, 159,

164 Acanthochasmus imbutformis 116 Acanthochasmus inerme 114 Acanthochasmus inermis 114 Acanthochasmus praeteritum 116 Acanthocollaritrematidae 113 Acanthocolpidae 52 Acanthocolpoides 105 Acanthocolpoides guevarai 105 Acanthocolpoides israelensis 105 Acanthocolpoides pauloi 105 Acanthocotyle 21, 37 acanthogobii, Tergestia 74 Acanthonchocotyle canicula 38 Acanthoncotyle appendiculatum 38 Acanthophalus wageneri 132 Acanthopsolinae 52 Acanthostomidae 113 Acanthostomum imbutiforme 116

Acanthostomum inerme 114 Acanthostomum inermis 114 acarne, Atrispinum 46, 155 Accacladocoelium 79 Accacladocoelium macrocotyle 79, 152 Accacladocoelium petasiporum 79, 152 Accacoeliidae 79 Accacoelioidea 79 Accacoelium 79 Accacoelium calyptrocotyle 80 Accacoelium contortum 79, 152 Accacoelium raynerianum 81 acceptum, Phyllodistomum 70, 161, 162 Achoerus 115 Achoerus pauli 115 Acrodactyla 55 Acrolichanus 55 aculeatum, Diplectanum 26, 157 aculeatum, Diplectanum 28 aculeatum, Tristoma 19 aculeatus, Prosorhynchus 69, 141 acuminatus, Ligophorus 23, 151 adriaticus, Derogenes 82, 146 aegyptiacus, Lecithobotrys 77 aegyptiacus, Neosaccocoelium 77 Aephnidiogenidae 100 aequans, Dactylogirus 26 aequans, Diplectanum 26, 145, 147, 159 affine, Derogenes 82, 165, 168 affine, Distoma 82 affine, Echinobothrium 126, 156 affinis, Bothriocephalus 119 affinis, Brachyphallus 91 alacer, Plagioporus 60 alacre, Allocreadium 58 alacre, Distomum 59 alacris, Lebouria 59 alacris, Macvicaria 59, 161 alacris, Plagioporus 59 alalongae, Platocystis 89, 163 album, Allocreadium 103 album, Distomum 103 album, Lepocreadium 103, 146, 147, 160


251

alcedinis, Bivagina 47, 160 alcedinis, Microcotyle 47 Alcicornata 67 Alloanomalotrema 65 Allocreadiidae 55 Allocreadioidea 52 Allocreadium alacre 58 Allocreadium album 103 Allocreadium characis 63 Allocreadium dubium 60 Allocreadium fasciatum 58 Allocreadium labracis 57 Allocreadium labri 58 Allocreadium mormyri 61 Allocreadium obovatum 61 Allocreadium sinuatum 58 Allocreadium umbrinae 65 Allocreadium pegorchis 104 Allodidymozoon 83 Allodiscocotylidae 39 Allopodocotyle 56 Allopodocotyle pedicellata 56, 159 Allostenopera 58 aloysiae, Anoikostoma 116 aloysiae, Anoiktostoma 114 aloysiae, Distomum 116 aloysiae, Paracryptogonimus 116 aloysiae, Siphoderina 116, 157 americanum, Cycloplectanum 31 americanum, Diplectanum 31 Amphibaelloides benhassinae 22 Amphibaelloides kechemirae 22 Amphibdella 21 Amphibdella paronaperugiae 22, 163, 167 Amphibdella torpedinis 22, 163 Amphibdella torpedinis 22, 23 Amphibdellatidae 21 Amphibdellidae 33 Amphibdelloides 22 Amphibdelloides benhassinae 22, 163, 167 Amphibdelloides kechemirae 22, 163, 167 Amphibdelloides macallumi 23 Amphibdelloides vallei 23, 163 Amphicotyle 122 Amphicotyle heteropleura 122, 143 Amphicotyle typica 122 Amphigonoporus 123 Amphitretus wageneri 122

amuriensis, Brachyphallus 91 Anabathycreadium 63 Anchistrocephalus 122 Anchistrocephalus microcephalus 123,

152 Ancistrocephalus microcephalus 123 Ancylocoelium 111 Ancyrocephalidae 23 Ancyrocotyle 18 Ancyrocotyle vallei 18, 154, 168 andresi, Bothriocephalus 119, 144 anguillae, Bucephalus 67, 140 anguillae, Gyrodactylus 33, 140 angustatum, Dibothrium 119 angustatus, Bothriocephalus 119, 158, 167 angustus, Ligophorus 23, 143 Anisocladium 113 Anisocladium fallax 113, 153, 165 Anisocladium gracile 113, 165 Anisocoelium 113 Anisocoelium capitellatum 114, 153, 165 Anisogaster 113 Anisogaster fallax 113 Anisogaster gracilis 113 anisotremi, Diphterostomum 108 Anoikostoma 114 Anoikostoma aloysiae 116 Anoikostoma coronatum 114, 157 Anoikostoma corvinae 114 Anoikostoma imbutiforme 116 Anoiktostoma aloysiae 114 Anoiktostoma fallax 113 Anthobothrium 132 Anthobothrium auriculatum 133, 160, 163 Anthobothrium auriculatum 127 Anthobothrium cornucopia 133, 160 Anthobothrium crispum 133, 153, 156, 168 Anthobothrium exiguum 134 Anthobothrium musteli 134 Anthobothrium parvum 134 Anthobothrium variabile 129 Anthocephalum 127 Anthocephalum gracile 127 Anthocephalum wedli 127, 163 Anthocotyle 42 Anthocotyle merluccii 42, 152 Anthocotyle merlucii americanum 42 Anthocotylidae 42


252

Anthostoma 124 Antorchiinae 106 Antorchinae 106 Aphallus 114 Aphallus fuscescens 114 Aphallus tubarium 114, 145, 157, 165 Aphanhystera 66 Aphanhysteridae 66 Aphanurus 90 Aphanurus balticus 90 Aphanurus stossichi 90, 142, 155, 156, 158 Aphanurus virgula 90 apicalis, Koellikerioides 87, 163 Apoblema 91 Apoblema appendiculatum 90 Apoblema ocreatum 107 Apoblema stossichi 90 Apoblema ventricosum 107 Aponurus 97 Aponurus laguncula 97, 142 Aponurus waltairensis 97 Apopodocotyle 57 Aporocotylidae 52 appendiculata, Fasciola 92 appendiculata, Polystoma 38 appendiculatum, Acanthoncotyle 38 appendiculatum, Apoblema 90 appendiculatum, Distoma 90, 92 appendiculatum, Hexabothrium 38, 158 appendiculatum, Onchocotyle 38 appendiculatum, Polystomum 37 appendiculatus, Hemiurus 90 appendiculatus, Hemiurus 92, 140, 156 arcuata, Octocotyle 39 arcuatus, Gyrodactylus 34, 149 Arnola 81 Arnola microcirrus 81, 146 Arnoldia 81 Arnoldia microcirrus 81 Arnolidae 81 Aspidorhynchus infulatus 138 Aspinatrium 45 Aspinatrium trachini 45, 163, 164 Asymphilodoridae 110 Asymphilodorinae 110 Asymphylodora 110 Asymphylodora markewitschi 111, 140,

167

Atelemerus 122 atherinae, Lecithaster 97, 141, 142, 159,

168 atomon, Distoma 64 atomon, Distomum 57 atomon, Fasciola 64 atomon, Podocotyle 64, 141, 149, 150, 152 Atriaster seminalis 46 Atrispinum 46 Atrispinum acarne 46, 155 Atrispinum labracis 49 Atrispinum mormyri 48 Atrispinum salpae 46, 156 Atrispinum seminalis 46, 147 attenuatus, Hepatoxylon 137 auricula, Phyllobothrium 138, 145, 167 auriculatum, Anthobothrium 133, 160, 163 auriculatum, Anthobothrium 127 auriculatum, Platybothrium 132, 156, 166 auriculatum, Tetrabothrium 133 auriculatus, Bothriocephalus 133 auxisi, Hexostoma 44 Aviellidae 18 avium, Ligula 126 Axine 39 Axine belones 39, 142 Axine orphi 39 Axine platyura 39 Axine seriolae 43 Axinidae 39 Azygiidae 66 Azygioidea 66 Bacciger 106 Bacciger bacciger 106, 141, 142 Bacciger israelensis 107, 142 bacciger, Bacciger 106, 141, 142 Baccigeridae 106 Baccigerinae 106 baccigerum, Dicrocoelium 106 baccigerum, Distoma 106 baccigerum, Distoma (Dicrocoelium) 106 Baciger nicolli 106 Baciger petrowi 107 bacillare, Distomum 104 bacillare, Distomum (Dicrocoelium) 104 bacillaris, Opechona 104, 143, 157, 158 bacillaris, Pharyngora 104


253

bacilliovatum, Genelopa 112 bacilliovatum, Lasiotocus 112 bacilliovatum, Proctotrema 112, 153 baeri, Platybothrium 132 Baikalotrema 64 balticus, Aphanurus 90 Bathycreadium 57 Bathycreadium elongata 57, 148 Bathymonorchis 111 belones, Axine 39, 142 bellones, Cyclocotyla 41 bellones, Diclidophora 41, 160 bellones, Octobothrium 41 belones, Dibothrium 122 belones, Ptychobothrium 122, 142 benedeni, Acanthobothrium 129, 148 benedeni, Distoma 75 benedeni, Distomum 75 benedeni, Haploporus 75, 143, 151, 154 Benedenia 18 Benedenia monticellii 18, 150 Benedenozoum 88 Bengalotrema 95 benhassinae, Amphibaelloides 22 benhassinae, Amphibdelloides 22, 163,

167 betencourti, Diphterostomum 108, 158 betencourti, Distomum 108 betencourti, Pleurogenes 108 beverleyburtonae, Cycloplectanum 31 beverleyburtonae, Pseudorhabdosynochus 31, 148 Bhaleraoiidae 99 bicoronatum, Distomum 53 bicoronatum, Stephanostomum 53, 165 Bicotylophoridae 42 bidens, Lamellodiscus 28, 147 bifasciatus, Didymocystis 84, 162 bifasciatus, Didymocystoides 84 bifurcatus, Bothriocephalus 130 Bilqeesotrema 97 bipartita, Wedlia 89, 163 bipartitum, Monostomum 89 Biporidae 90 bipunctatus, Bothriocephalus 120 Bivagina 47 Bivagina alcedinis 47, 160 Bivulvostella 48

Boctinocephalus 119 borealis, Onchocotyle 38 Bothricephalus uncinatus 129 Bothriocephalidae 119 Bothriocephalidea 119 Bothriocephalus 119 Bothriocephalus 123 Bothriocephalus affinis 119 Bothriocephalus andresi 119, 144 Bothriocephalus angustatus 119, 158, 167 Bothriocephalus auriculatus 133 Bothriocephalus bifurcatus 130 Bothriocephalus bipunctatus 120 Bothriocephalus clavibothrium 120, 141,

167 Bothriocephalus claviceps 120, 141 Bothriocephalus coronatus 130 Bothriocephalus crassiceps 121 Bothriocephalus echeneis 128 Bothriocephalus fragilis 124 Bothriocephalus gowkongensis 120 Bothriocephalus heteropleurus 122 Bothriocephalus infundibuliformis 123 Bothriocephalus labracis 120, 146, 167,

168 Bothriocephalus pilula 121 Bothriocephalus proboscideus 123 Bothriocephalus punctatus 120 Bothriocephalus rhombi 120 Bothriocephalus sagittatus 123 Bothriocephalus scorpii 120, 141 Bothriocephalus truncatus 124 Bothriocephalus tumidulus 128 Bothriocephalus uncinatum 132 Bothriocephalus vallei 121, 153 Bothriocephalus wageneri 122 Bothriotaenia fragilis 124 Brachadena 97 Brachycoelium luteum 108 Brachicephallus musculus 94 brachycoelia, Mesometra 118, 157 Brachyphallus 90 Brachyphallus affinis 91 Brachyphallus amuriensis 91 Brachyphallus crenatus 90, 152 Brachyphallus musculus 94 brachysoma, Echinobothrium 126, 148 branchialis, Gyrodactylus 34, 155


254

branchialis, Lecitochirium 94 Braunia 126 brusinae, Diphterostomum 108, 146, 147,

154, 161 brusinae, Distoma (Brachycaecum) 108 brusinae, Distomum 108 brusinae, Pleurogenes 108 buccini, Proctoeces 72 Bucephalidae 67 Bucephaloidea 66 Bucephaloides 68 Bucephalopsis 68 Bucephalopsis gracilescens 68 Bucephalopsis tergestina 68 Bucephalus 67 Bucephalus anguillae 67, 140 Bucephalus minimus 67, 146 Bunocotyle constrictus 96 Bunocotylidae 90 Caballeriana 80 Caballerocotyla pelamydis 19 caducum, Stephanochasmus 54 caducum, Stephanostomum 54, 151, 164 caducus var. lusci, Stephanochasmus 54 Caenomicrocotyle 47 Cainocreadium 57 Cainocreadium labracis 57, 145, 146 Calceostoma 32 Calceostoma inerme 32 Calceostomella 32 Calceostomella inermis 32, 157, 165 Calicotyle 35 Calicotyle kroyeri 35, 148, 156 Calicotyle stossichi 35, 154 Calliobothrium 131 Calliobothrium corollatum 130 Calliobothrium coronatum 130 Calliobothrium eschrichtii 131, 153 Calliobothrium verticillatum 131, 148, 153,

154 Calydiscoides serranelli 32 calyptocotyle, Odhnerium 80, 152 calyptrocotyle, Accacoelium 80 calyptrocotyle, Distoma 79, 80 calyptrocotyle, Mneiodhneria 80 calyptrocotyle, Orophocotyle 80

campanulatum, Crossobothrium 134, 149, 168

canicula, Acanthonchocotyle 38 canicula, Hexabothrium 38, 158 canicula, Onchocotyle 38 canthari, Microcotyle 48 canthari, Neobivagina 48, 160 capitellata, Monostomum 118 capitellata, Wardula 118, 157 capitellatum, Anisocoelium 114, 153, 165 capitellatum, Distomum 114 Capsala 19 Capsala 19 Capsala cephala 19 Capsala maculata 19 Capsala martinieri 19, 152 Capsala papillosa 20 Capsala pelamydis 19, 156 Capsala rudolphiana 19 Capsala sanguinea 19 Capsala tubipora 21 Capsalidae 18 Capsalidea 18 Cardicola 52 Cardicola forsteri 52, 162 Cardicolinae 52 Cariophyllaeus 124 carnosum, Distomum 63 carnosum, Pachycreadium 63, 145 carolinae, Distomum 107 carolinae, Pentagramma 107 carolinae, Pronopyge 107 carpionis, Ligula 126 Caryophyllaeidae 124 Caryohyllaeus 124 Caryophillaeus 124 Caryophilleaus 125 Caryophilleus 124 Caryophillus 124 Caryophylaeus 125 Caryophyllacus 125 Caryophyllaeus 124 Caryophyllaeus 124 Caryophyllaeus punctulatus 125, 144, 168 Caryophyllaeus trisignatus 125, 152, 168 Caryophyllaneus 124 Caryophylleus 124 Caryophyllidea 124


255

Caryophylloeus 124 caspialosae, Orientophorus 108 caspialosae, Pseudopentagramma 108 Catoptroides 70 caudata, Plectanocotyle 51 caudiporum, Distoma 96 caudiporum, Synaptobothrium 96, 165 Cemocotylidae 43 Centroderma 117 Centroderma spinosissima 117, 156 Centroderma stossichianum 117 cephala, Capsala 19 cephala, Tristoma 19 Cephaloporidae 108 cephalus, Metamicrocotyla 47, 143, 153 cephalus, Microcotyle 47 cepola-rubescens, Tetrarhynchus 135 Ceratobothrium 133 Ceratobothrium xanthocephalum 133, 150,

166 Ceratotrema 93 Cercaria cotylura 57 Cercaria dentalii 99 Cercaria lata 106 Cercaria lutea 106 Cercaria pectinata 106 cesticillum, Distoma 54 cesticillum, Stephanostomum 54, 151 cesticillus, Echinostomum 54 cesticillus, Stephanochasmus 54 cesticillus, Stephanostomum 54 Cestoda 7, 119, 140, 166, 278, 279, 280 Cestracolpa 39 chabaudi, Diplectanum 27, 165 chabaudi, Ligophorus 24, 153 Chabaudtrema 69 characis, Allocreadium 63 characis, Distoma 63 characis, Peracreadium 63, 147 charcoti, Cyclobothrium 41 Chariophyllus 124 Chauchanurus 90 Chauhanea 40 Chauhanea mediterranea 40 Chauhaneidae 40 chauhani, Monascus 71 Cheloniella 20 Chimaerohemecinae 52

Choricotyle 40 Choricotyle chrysophrii 40, 147, 155 Choricotyle pagelli 40 Choricotyle taschenbergi 42 Chrisomon 111 chrysophrii, Choricotyle 40, 147, 155 chrysophrii, Microcotyle 50 chrysophrii, Sparicotyle 50, 145, 147, 159 chrysophryi, Cyclocotyla 40 chrysophryi, Octobothrium 40 cingulum, Ligula 126 Cithara 74 clavata, Rajonchocotyle 38 clavibothrium, Bothriocephalus 120, 141,

167 claviceps, Bothriocephalus 120, 141 claviceps, Taenia 120 Clefticolletta 95 Cleftocolleta 95 Clestobothrium 121 Clestobothrium crassiceps 121, 152 Clupenurus 91 cluthense, Leioderma 73 cluthense, Steringotrema 73 cluthensis, Steringophorus 73 cobitidis, Ligula 126 coccinea, Phyline 19 coccineum, Tristoma 19 coccineum, Tristoma 20, 162, 165 cochlear, Grubea 44, 157, 167 Coeliodidymocystis 84 Coeliodidymocystis abdominalis 84 Coenomorphus 136 Coenomorphus joyeuxii 134 Coitocaecidae 56 Colletostomum 95 communis, Hemiurus 92, 155 Complexobursa magna 72 concinna, Merizocotyle 36, 144 concinna, Thaumatocotyle 36 confusus, Lecithaster 98, 153, 154, 158 confusus, Ligophorus 24, 151 constrictus, Bunocotyle 96 contortrix, Ligula 126 contortum, Accacoelium 79, 152 contortum, Distoma 79 contortum, Podocotyle 79 contractus, Dicrogaster 75, 143


256

conviva, Lecithochirium 93, 155 copulans, Synaptobothrium 96 cornucopia, Anthobothrium 133, 160 cornucopiae, Tetrabothrium 133 corollatum, Calliobothrium 130 corollatus, Tetrarhynchus 134 coronatum, Acanthobothrium 129 coronatum, Onchobothrium 130 coronatum, Acanthobothrium 130, 144,

154, 158, 160, 163 coronatum, Anoikostoma 114, 157 coronatum, Calliobothrium 130 coronatus, Bothriocephalus 130 Coronocestus 125 Coronocestus musteli 125, 154 corvinae, Anoikostoma 114 corvinae, Distoma 114 Cotyloatlantica 40 Cotyloatlantica mediterranea 40, 160 Cotylogonoporum 65 cotylura, Cercaria 57 Cotylurus pileatus 51 crassa, Taenia 123 crassiceps, Bothriocephalus 121 crassiceps, Clestobothrium 121, 152 crassiceps, Dibothrium 121 crassicolle, Acanthobothrium 130, 144 crassigula, Lebourua 60 crassigula, Macvicaria 60, 146, 148, 160 crassigulum, Pachycreadium 60 crassigulus, Plagioporus 60 crassum, Eubothrium 123, 140, 141, 167 crenatum, Distoma 90 crenatus, Brachyphallus 90, 152 crenatus, Fasciola 90 crenatus, Hemiurus 90 Crepidostomum 55 Crepidastomum 55 Crepidostomum farionis 55, 140, 167 Crepidostomum farionis 55 Crepidostomum laureatum 55 Crepidostomum vitellobus 55 crispum, Anthobothrium 133, 153, 156,

168 crispum, Orygmatobothrium 133 cristatum, Distoma 95 cristatum, Lecithocladium 95, 161 Critovitellarium 53

Crossobothrium 133 Crossobothrium campanulatum 134, 149,

168 crucibulum, Distoma (Crossodera) 69 crucibulum, Gasterostomum 69 crucibulum, Monostoma 69 crucibulum, Prosorhynchus 69, 144, 148 Cryptacetabulum 59 Cryptogonimidae 113 Cyclobothrium charcoti 41 Cyclocotyla 40 Cyclocotyla bellones 41 Cyclocotyla chrysophryi 40 Cycloplectanum riouxi 32 Cycloplectanum americanum 31 Cycloplectanum beverleyburtonae 31 Cylindrophorus posteroporus 132 Cylindrophorus typicus 132 Cymbephallus 62 Cypseluritrema 109 Dacticotile 40 Dactycotyle 40 Dactylocotyle 40 Dactylocotyle (Choricotyle) taschenbergi 42 Dactylocotyle phycidis 41 Dactylocotyle squillarum 41 Dactylogirus aequans 26 Dactylogyridea 21 Dactylogyroidea sp. 33 Dactylogyrus 26 Dactylogyrus echeneis 28 dalmatinus, Fistulicola 124 dasybatis, Dasybatotrema 36, 144, 167 dasybatis, Monocotyle 36 Dasybatotrema 36 Dasybatotrema dasybatis 36, 144, 167 Dasyrhynchidae 136 dentalii, Cercaria 99 Deontacylicinae 52 depressa, Metadena 115, 142, 145 depressum, Distomum 115 Dermatodidymocystis 88 Derogenes 81 Derogenes adriaticus 82, 146 Derogenes affine 82, 165, 168 Derogenes latus 82, 150, 153, 164 Derogenes minor 82, 149


257

Derogenes ruber 82, 164 Derogenes varicus 83, 152 Derogenidae 81 Deropristidae 101 Deropristis 101 Deropristis hispida 101, 140 Deropristis inflata 101, 140 Dibothriorhynchus 135, 136 Dibothriorhynchus stenocephala 137 Dibothrium 119, 123 Dibothrium angustatum 119 Dibothrium belones 122 Dibothrium crassiceps 121 Dibothrium fragile 124 Dibothrium heteropleurum 122 Dibothrium microcephalum 123 Diclidophora 40 Diclidophora bellones 41, 160 Diclidophora minor 41, 152 Diclidophora phycidis 41, 164 Diclidophora squillarum 41 Diclidophoridae 40 Diclidophoroides 40 Diclidophoropsis 42 Diclidophoropsis taschenbergii 42, 147,

167 Diclybothriidea 37 Dicrocoelium baccigerum 106 Dicrocoelium fasciatum 58 Dicrocoelium labracis 57 Dicrogaster 75 Dicrogaster contractus 75, 143 Dicrogaster perpusilla 75, 143 Didymocylindrus 83 Didymocylindrus filiformis 83, 162 Didymocystis 84 Didymocystis abdominalis 84, 162 Didymocystis bifasciatus 84, 162 Didymocystis dissimilis 88 Didymocystis irregularis 85 Didymocystis kabayashii 86 Didymocystis oesophagicola 84, 162 Didymocystis palati 86 Didymocystis pectoralis 84, 162 Didymocystis pinnicola 85, 162 Didymocystis reniformis 85 Didymocystis semiglobularis 85, 162 Didymocystis spirocauda 86

Didymocystis thynni 85, 162 Didymocystis wedli 86 Didymocystoides 84 Didymocystoides bifasciatus 84 Didymocystoides oesophagicola 84 Didymocystoides pectoralis 84 Didymocystoides pinnicola 85 Didymocystoides semiglobularis 85 Didymodiclinidae 83 Didymoproblema 83 Didymosulcus 85 Didymosulcus irregularis 85, 162 Didymosulcus katsuwonicola 85, 162 Didymosulcus palati 86, 162 Didymosulcus spirocauda 86, 162 Didymosulcus wedli 86, 162, 167 Didymozoidae 83 Didymozooidae 83 Didymozooidea 79 Didymozoon 86 Didymozoon longicolle 86, 162 Didymozoon pretiosum 87, 162 Didymozoon scombri 88 Didymozoon taenioides 87, 152 Didymozoon thynni 86 Didymozoum 86 Didymozoum longicolle 86 Didymozoum taenioides 87 Digenea 7, 51, 140, 166, 278, 279 Digramma 126 Dihemistephanus 103 Dihemistephanus lydiae 103, 152 Dinuridae 89 diodontis, Phyline 19 Diphterostomum 108 Diphterostomum anisotremi 108 Diphterostomum betencourti 108, 158 Diphterostomum brusinae 108, 146, 147,

154, 161 Diphterostomum israelense 109 Diphterostomum luteum 108 Diphterostomum macrosaccum 108 Diphterostomum sargus annularis 108 Diphterostomum spari 108 Diphterostomum tropicum 109 Diphtherostomum 108 Diphyllidea 125 Diphyllobothriidae 126


258

Diphyllobothriidea 126 Diplectanidae 26 Diplectanum 26 Diplectanum aculeatum 28 Diplectanum aculeatum 26, 157 Diplectanum aequans 26, 145, 147, 159 Diplectanum americanum 31 Diplectanum chabaudi 27, 165 Diplectanum echeneis 28, 30 Diplectanum laubieri 27, 145, 167 Diplectanum melvillei 27, 165 Diplectanum nagibinae 28, 165 Diplectanum sciaenae 28, 141, 157 Diplectanum scienae 26 Diplectanum simile 28, 157 Diplectanum simile 28 Diplectanum similis 28 diplodi, Polylabris 49 Diplogonoporus wageneri 122 Diploheterocotyla 36 Diplostomida 51 Diplostomoidea 51 Diporus trisignatus 125 Disacanthus 115 Discobothrium 128 Discocotylidae 42 Discogasteroididae 106 Discogasteroidinae 106 discophorus, Tetrarhynchus 137 dissimilis, Didymocystis 88 dissimilis, Oesophagocystis 88, 163 Dissotrematidae 102 Distoma (Brachycaecum) brusinae 108 Distoma (Crossodera) crucibulum 69 Distoma (Dicrocoelium) baccigerum 106 Distoma (Dicrocoelium) pulchellum 58 Distoma affine 82 Distoma appendiculatum 90, 92 Distoma atomon 64 Distoma baccigerum 106 Distoma benedeni 75 Distoma calyptrocotyle 79, 80 Distoma caudiporum 96 Distoma cesticillum 54 Distoma characis 63 Distoma contortum 79 Distoma corvinae 114 Distoma crenatum 90

Distoma cristatum 95 Distoma divergens 73 Distoma fallax 113 Distoma farionis 55 Distoma fasciatum 58 Distoma filiforme 71 Distoma foliatum 80 Distoma gigas 99 Distoma globiporum 66 Distoma gobii 58 Distoma gracilescens 68 Distoma grandiporum 93 Distoma hispida 101 Distoma imbutiforme 116 Distoma laticolle 74 Distoma laureatum 55 Distoma lutea 108 Distoma lymphaticum 99 Distoma macrocotyle 79 Distoma megastomum 99 Distoma microcephalum 66 Distoma nigroflavum 80 Distoma ocreatum 90, 107 Distoma pachysoma 78 Distoma pagelli 73 Distoma polonii 74 Distoma pristis 55 Distoma raynerium 81 Distoma receptaculum 57 Distoma rubellum 110 Distoma scorpaenae 64 Distoma scymna 66 Distoma sinuatum 58 Distoma soleae 62 Distoma tectum 90 Distoma umbrinae 65 Distoma veliporum 66 Distoma ventricosum 90, 92, 107 Distoma verrucosum 57 Distoma viviparus 110 Distomum (Brachycoelium) luteum 108 Distomum (Cryptogonimus) tubarium 114 Distomum (Dicrocoelium) bacillare 104 Distomum (Dicrocoelium) labracis 57 Distomum (Dicrocoelium) verrucosum 57 Distomum (Echinostoma) labracis 57 Distomum (Echinostomum) polonii 105 Distomum alacre 59


259

Distomum album 103 Distomum aloysiae 116 Distomum atomon 57 Distomum bacillare 104 Distomum benedeni 75 Distomum betencourti 108 Distomum bicoronatum 53 Distomum brusinae 108 Distomum capitellatum 114 Distomum carnosum 63 Distomum carolinae 107 Distomum depressum 115 Distomum excisum 95 Distomum fractum 102 Distomum furcatum 62 Distomum fuscescens 114 Distomum increscens 104 Distomum inflatum 101 Distomum insigne 66 Distomum italicum 100 Distomum labri 58 Distomum maculatum 72 Distomum micracanthum 100 Distomum monorchis 111 Distomum mulli 111 Distomum obovatum 60, 61 Distomum ocreatum 95 Distomum ocreatus 90 Distomum pedicellata 56 Distomum polonii 105 Distomum polyorchis 53 Distomum pulchellum 58 Distomum raynerianum 81 Distomum retroflexus 109 Distomum rufoviride 93, 95 Distomum soccus 99 Distomum sp. 59 Distomum subtenue 72 Distomum tartinii 111 Distomum tectum 90 Distomum tergestinum 73 Distomum tubarium 114 Distomum vibex 71 Distomum viviparum 75 divergens, Distoma 73 divergens, Fasciola 73 divergens, Orophocotyle 80, 156, 168 divergens, Steringotrema 73, 142

Dolichoenterum 67 Dolichoenterum longissimum 68, 144 dollfusi, Rhabdotobothrium 128, 145, 167 donavini, Microcotyle 47, 161 draconis, Microcotyle 45 dubia, Macvicaria 60, 154 dubium, Allocreadium 60 dubium, Echeneibothrium 129 dujardinii, Acanthobothrium 129 duplicata, Plagiopeltis 44 Dupliciporiidae 108 Echeneibothrium 128 Echeneibothrium dubium 129 Echeneibothrium minimum 128, 129 Echeneibothrium myliobatisaquilae 128,

154 Echeneibothrium simplex 129 Echeneibothrium tumidulum 128, 145 Echeneibothrium variabile 128, 156 echeneis, Bothriocephalus 128 echeneis, Dactylogyrus 28 echeneis, Diplectanum 28, 30 echeneis, Furnestinia 28 echeneis, Lamellodiscus 28, 159 echeneis, Lamellodiscus 28 Echinobothriidae 125 Echinobothrium 125 Echinobothrium affine 126, 156 Echinobothrium brachysoma 126, 148 Echinobothrium musteli 125 Echinobothrium typus 126, 148, 154 Echinobrevivecinae 106 Echinophallidae 122 Echinophallus 122 Echinophallus wageneri 122, 143 Echinostephanus 53 Echinostoma hispida 101 Echinostoma laticolle 74 Echinostoma lydiae 103 Echinostoma pristis 55 Echinostomum fallax 113 Echinostomum hispida 101 Echinostomum imbutiforme 116 Echinostomum cesticillus 54 Ectenurus 91 Ectenurus lepidus 91, 164 Ectenurus trachuri 91


260

Ectenurus virgulus 91 elegans, Lamellodiscus 29, 145, 146, 147,

159 elegans, Onchobothrium 131 elongata, Bathycreadium 57, 148 elongata, Nicolla 57 elongatum, Lepidapedon 102, 152, 160 elongatus, Monascus 72 Elstia 117 Elstia stossichianum 117, 157 Elytrophaliidae 90 emarginata, Onchocotyle 37, 38 emarginata, Rajonchocotyle 38, 156 emarginata, Rajonchocotyloides 38 Encotyllabe 20 Encotyllabe vallei 20, 147, 159 Encotyllabidae 18 Epibdella 18 Epibdella monticellii 18 ergensi, Lamellodiscus 29, 147 Ergenstrema 33 Ergenstrema labrosi 33, 143 Ergenstrema mugilis 33, 151 Erpocotyle 37 Erpocotyle laevis 37, 148, 149, 153, 154,

158 erythreaus, Proctoeces 72 erythrini, Lamellodiscus 30, 155 erythrini, Microcotyle 48, 155 eschrichtii, Acanthobothrium 131 eschrichtii, Calliobothrium 131, 153 eschrichtii, Onchobothrium 131 Eubothrium 123 Eubothrium crassum 123, 140, 141, 167 Eubothrium fragile 124, 140 Eubothrium oncorhynhi 123 Eubucephalus 67 Eucestoda 119 Eutetrarhynchidae 134 Eutetrarhynchus 134 Eutetrarhynchus ruficollis 134, 154 euthynni, Hexostoma 44 excisum, Distomum 95 exiguum, Anthobothrium 134 exiguum, Paraorygmatobothrium 134, 160 excisum, Lecithocladium 95, 158 fallax, Anisocladium 113, 153, 165 fallax, Anisogaster 113

fallax, Anoiktostoma 113 fallax, Distoma 113 fallax, Echinostomum 113 farionis, Crepidostomum 55, 140, 167 farionis, Crepidostomum 55 farionis, Distoma 55 farionis, Fasciola 55 fasciata, Helicometra 58, 140, 142, 143,

144, 149, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 158, 159, 161, 164

fasciatum, Allocreadium 58 fasciatum, Dicrocoelium 58 fasciatum, Distoma 58 Fasciola appendiculata 92 Fasciola atomon 64 Fasciola crenatus 90 Fasciola divergens 73 Fasciola farionis 55 Fasciola furcata 62 Fasciola gibbosus 98 Fasciola intestinalis 14, 126 Fasciola laureata 55 Fasciola squali grisei 66 Fasciola truttae 55 Fasciola varicus 83 Faustula sayori 107 Faustulidae 106 Fellodistomidae 70 Festucaria pileatus 51 filicolle, Acanthobothrium 130, 163 filiforme, Distoma 71 filiformis, Didymocylindrus 83, 162 filiformis, Haplocladus 71 filiformis, Monascus 71, 143, 152, 164 fillicole var. benedeni, Acanthobothrium 129 fillicole var. fillicole, Acanthobothrium 129 Fimbriatus 62 Fistulicola 124 Fistulicola dalmatinus 124 Fistulicola plicatus 124, 165 flagellatus, Lamellodiscus 30, 150 flava, Helicometra 58 Floricipitidae 136 floridensis, Lecitochirium 94 foliatum, Distoma 80 foliatum, Orophocotyle 80 foliatum, Phyllobothrium 138 forsteri, Cardicola 52, 162


261

fractum, Distomum 102 fractum, Podocotyle 102 fractum, Robphilodollfusium 102, 142, 157 fragile, Abothrium 124 fragile, Dibothrium 124 fragile, Eubothrium 124, 140 fragilis, Bothriocephalus 124 fragilis, Bothriotaenia 124 fragilis, Taenia 124 fraternus, Lamellodiscus 30, 146 Fridericianellidae 32 furcata, Fasciola 62 furcatum, Distomum 62 furcatum, Podocotyle 62 furcatum, Poracanthium 65, 153 furcatus, Opecoeloides 62, 153, 159 Furnestinia 28 Furnestinia echeneis 28 fuscescens, Aphallus 114 fuscescens, Distomum 114 fusiforme, Lecithochirium 93 fusiformis, Sterrhurus 93 galeata, Rhipidocotyle 70, 150 galeatum, Gasterostomum 70 galeatum, Monostomum 70 ganfini, Onchobothrium 132, 158, 166 Gasterostomata 67 Gasterostomatidae 67 Gasterostomatiformes 67 Gasterostomum 67 Gasterostomum crucibulum 69 Gasterostomum galeatum 70 Gasterostomum gracilescens 68 Gasterostomum minimum 67, 70 Gasterostomum tergestina 68 Gastris 71 Gastrocotyle 42 Gastrocotyle japonica 42 Gastrocotyle trachuri 42, 164 Gastrocotylidae 42 Genelopa bacilliovatum 112 ghanense, Lepocreadium 105 ghanensis, Pycnadenoides 65 gibbosus, Fasciola 98 gibbosus, Lecithaster 98, 156, 157, 159,

161, 165 gigas, Distoma 99

gigas, Gymnorhynchus 136, 149 gigas, Kenmackenzia 99, 151 gigas, Rhynchobothrium 136 gigas, Scolex 136 globiporum, Distoma 66 globiporum, Sphaerostoma 66, 140, 167 globiporum, Sphaerostomum 66 globosa, Koellikeria 89 globosa, Wedlia 89, 163 gobii, Distoma 58 gobii, Helicometra 58 gobionis, Ligula 126 Gorgoderidae 70 Gorgoderoidea 70 Gotonius 68 gowkongensis, Bothriocephalus 120 gracile, Anisocladium 113, 165 gracile, Anthocephalum 127 gracile, Phyllobothrium 127 gracilescens, Bucephalopsis 68 gracilescens, Distoma 68 gracilescens, Gasterostomum 68 gracilescens, Prosorhynchoides 68, 141,

142, 151 gracilis, Anisogaster 113 grandiporum, Distoma 93 grandiporum, Lecithochirium 93, 141, 144,

149, 153 gravidum, Lecithochirium 93 Grillotiidae 136 Grubea 44 Grubea cochlear 44, 157, 167 Grubea scombri 44 guevarai, Acanthocolpoides 105 gurnardi, Phyllocotyle 51 gurnardi, Platycotyle 51 gurnardi, Plectanocotyle 51, 164 Guschanskiana 79 Gyliauchenidae 102 Gymnophalloidea 70 Gymnorhynchidae 135 Gymnorhynchus 135 Gymnorhynchus gigas 136, 149 Gymnorhynchus moniezi 136 Gymnorhynchus reptans 136 Gyrodactylidae 33 Gyrodactylidea 33 Gyrodactylus 33


262

Gyrodactylus anguillae 33, 140 Gyrodactylus arcuatus 34, 149 Gyrodactylus branchialis 34, 155 Gyrodactylus longipes 34, 159 Gyrodactylus orecchiae 34, 159 Gyrodactylus ostendicus 34, 149, 155 haerica, Taenia 124 Haliotrema vanbenedenii 25 Halipegidae 81 Haplocladus 71 Haplocladus filiformis 71 Haplocladus minor 71 Haplocladus orientalis 71 Haplocladus typicus 71 Haplocleidus vanbenedenii 25 Haploporidae 74 Haploporoidea 74 Haploporus 75 Haploporus benedeni 75, 143, 151, 154 Haploporus lateralis 75 Haploporus longicollum 76 Haplosplanchnidae 78 Haplosplanchnoidea 78 Haplosplanchnus 78 Haplosplanchnus pachysomus 78, 150,

151 hawaiiensis, Proctoeces 72 Helaphanurus 90 Helicometra 58 Helicometra fasciata 58, 140, 142, 143,

144, 149, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 158, 159, 161, 164

Helicometra flava 58 Helicometra gobii 58 Helicometra labri 58 Helicometra mutabilis 58 Helicometra pulchella 58 Helicometra sinuata 58 helmymohamedi, Lecithobotrys 77 helmymohamedi, Saccocoelium 77 Hemiuridae 89 Hemiuroidea 78 Hemiurus 91 Hemiurus appendiculatus 92, 140, 156 Hemiurus appendiculatus 90 Hemiurus communis 92, 155 Hemiurus crenatus 90

Hemiurus luehei 92, 140, 156 Hemiurus ocreatus 92 Hemiurus rugosus 92 Hemiurus stossichi 90, 92 Hemiurus rufoviride 95 Hepatoxilidae 136 Hepatoxylon 136 Hepatoxylon attenuatus 137 Hepatoxylon squali 137 Hepatoxylon stenocephala 137 Hepatoxylon trichiuri 137, 163 herdmani, Nybelinia 137 Heteracanthus pedatus 39 Heteracanthus sagittatus 39 Heteraxine 43 Heteraxine seriolae 43, 158, 167 Heteraxinidae 43 Heterocotyle 36 Heterocotyle pastinacae 36, 144, 167 Heterocotyle scotti 36, 144, 167 Heterocotyle similis 36, 144, 167 heteronchus, Ligophorus 24, 151 Heterophyoidea 113 heteropleura, Amphicotyle 122, 143 heteropleurum, Dibothrium 122 heteropleurus, Bothriocephalus 122 Hexabothriidae 37 Hexabothrium 37 Hexabothrium appendiculatum 38, 158 Hexabothrium canicula 38, 158 Hexacotyle 43 Hexacotyle thynni 44 Hexostoma 43 Hexostoma auxisi 44 Hexostoma euthynni 44 Hexostoma thynni 44, 162 Hexostomatidae 43 hilli, Lamellodiscus 30, 147 hispida, Deropristis 101, 140 hispida, Distoma 101 hispida, Echinostoma 101 hispida, Echinostomum 101 hispidum, Acanthobothrium 130 Holorchis 100 Holorchis ioannoui 100 Holorchis micracanthum 100, 155 Holorchis pycnoporus 100, 150, 155, 156 Hyporhamphitrematidae 75


263

Ichthyiotaenia 127 Ichthyocotylurus 51 Ichthyocotylurus pileatus 51, 140, 167 idonea, Lebouria 63 idoneum, Peracreadium 63, 146, 147, 155,

160, 161 idoneus, Plagioporus 60, 61, 63 ignoratus, Lamellodiscus 30, 147, 150, 159 imbutformis, Acanthochasmus 116 imbutiforme, Acanthostomum 116 imbutiforme, Anoikostoma 116 imbutiforme, Distoma 116 imbutiforme, Echinostomum 116 imbutiforme, Timoniella 116, 145, 146 imitans, Ligophorus 24, 151 inchiharai, Proctoeces 72 increscens, Distomum 104 Indocreadium 63 inerme, Acanthochasmus 114 inerme, Acanthostomum 114 inerme, Calceostoma 32 inermis, Acanthochasmus 114 inermis, Acanthostomum 114 inermis, Calceostomella 32, 157, 165 inflata, Deropristis 101, 140 inflatum, Distomum 101 infulatus, Aspidorhynchus 138 infundibuliformis, Bothriocephalus 123 insigne, Distomum 66 insolita, Xenopera 72 insolitus, Procteces 72 integrum, Tristoma 20, 165 intermedium, Acanthobothrium 130 internogastricus, Koellikerioides 87, 163 intestinalis, Fasciola 14, 126 intestinalis, Koellikerioides 88, 163 intestinalis, Ligula 14, 126, 140, 141, 167 ioannoui, Holorchis 100 irregularis, Didymocystis 85 irregularis, Didymosulcus 85, 162 Isocoelidae 113 Isoparorchioidea 79 israelense, Diphterostomum 109 israelense, Lecithochirium 94 israelensis, Acanthocolpoides 105 israelensis, Bacciger 107, 142 israelensis, Prodistomum 105 italicum, Distomum 100

italicum, Sclerodistomum 100, 150 Jajonetta 93 japonica, Gastrocotyle 42 javanicum, Tiarabothrium 129 Josstaffordia 66 joyeuxii, Coenomorphus 134 kabayashii, Didymocystis 86 Karachitrema 71 Karachitrema trilobata 71 katsuwonicola, Didymosulcus 85, 162 katsuwonicola, Wedlia 85, 86 kechemirae, Amphibaelloides 22 kechemirae, Amphibdelloides 22, 163, 167 Kenmackenzia 99 Kenmackenzia gigas 99, 151 Koellikereiidae 83 Koellikeria globosa 89 Koellikeria reniformis 89 Koellikeriadae 83 Koellikerioides 87 Koellikerioides apicalis 87, 163 Koellikerioides internogastricus 87, 163 Koellikerioides intestinalis 88, 163 Kotorella 137 Kotorella pronosoma 137, 145 Kotorellidae 137 kroyeri, Calicotyle 35, 148, 156 Kuhnia 44 Kuhnia scombri 44, 157 Kuhnia sprostonae 45, 157, 167 labracis, Allocreadium 57 labracis, Atrispinum 49 labracis, Bothriocephalus 120, 146, 167,

168 labracis, Cainocreadium 57, 145, 146 labracis, Dicrocoelium 57 labracis, Distomum (Dicrocoelium) 57 labracis, Distomum (Echinostoma) 57 labracis, Microcotyle 49 labracis, Serranicotyle 49, 145 Labratrema 67 Labratrema minimus 67 labri, Allocreadium 58 labri, Distomum 58 labri, Helicometra 58


264

labrosi, Ergenstrema 33, 143 Lacistorhynchidae 136 Lacistorhynchus 136 Lacistorhynchus tenuis 136, 141, 142, 144,

168 laevis, Erpocotyle 37, 148, 149, 153, 154,

158 Lagenocystis 84 laguncula, Aponurus 97, 142 Lamellodiscus 28 Lamellodiscus bidens 28, 147 Lamellodiscus echeneis 28, 159 Lamellodiscus echeneis 28 Lamellodiscus elegans 29, 145, 146, 147,

159 Lamellodiscus ergensi 29, 147 Lamellodiscus erythrini 30, 155 Lamellodiscus flagellatus 30, 150 Lamellodiscus fraternus 30, 146 Lamellodiscus hilli 30, 147 Lamellodiscus ignoratus 30, 147, 150, 159 Lamellodiscus mormyri 31, 150 Lamellodiscus pagrosomi 29 Lamellodiscus serranelli 32 Lamellodiscus sp. 28 Lamellodiscus verberis 31, 150 Lappogonimus 116 Laruea 78 Lasiotocus 111 Lasiotocus bacilliovatum 112 Lasiotocus mulli 111, 153 lata, Cercaria 106 lateralis, Haploporus 75 laticolle, Distoma 74 laticolle, Echinostoma 74 laticollis, Tergestia 74, 146, 161, 162 latus, Derogenes 82, 150, 153, 164 laubieri, Diplectanum 27, 145, 167 laureata, Fasciola 55 laureatum, Crepidostomum 55 laureatum, Distoma 55 Lebouria 63 Lebouria alacris 59 Lebouria idonea 63 Lebourua crassigula 60 Lechradena 53 Lecithaster 97

Lecithaster atherinae 97, 141, 142, 159, 168

Lecithaster confusus 98, 153, 154, 158 Lecithaster gibbosus 98, 156, 157, 159,

161, 165 Lecithaster stellatus 98, 145, 160 Lecithasteridae 97 Lecithobotrys 76 Lecithobotrys aegyptiacus 77 Lecithobotrys helmymohamedi 77 Lecithobotrys putrescens 76, 150 Lecithochiriidae 89 Lecithochirium 93 Lecithochirium conviva 93, 155 Lecithochirium fusiforme 93 Lecithochirium grandiporum 93, 141, 144,

149, 153 Lecithochirium gravidum 93 Lecithochirium israelense 94 Lecithochirium musculus 94, 141, 142,

143, 144, 149, 155, 158, 159, 161, 164 Lecithochirium physcon 94, 151, 168 Lecithochirium rufoviride 95, 140, 141,

143, 144, 146, 148, 155 Lecithocladium 95 Lecithocladium cristatum 95, 161 Lecithocladium excisum 95, 158 Lecithostaphylus 109 Lecithostaphylus retroflexus 109, 142 Lecitochirium branchialis 94 Lecitochirium floridensis 94 Leioderma cluthense 73 Lepidapedidae 102 Lepidapedon 102 Lepidapedon elongatum 102, 152, 160 Lepidapedon microcotyleum 102 Lepidauchen 52 Lepidauchen stenostoma 52, 146, 150,

155, 161 lepidus, Ectenurus 91, 164 Lepocreadiidae 103 Lepocreadioidea 100 Lepocreadium 103 Lepocreadium album 103, 146, 147, 160 Lepocreadium ghanense 105 Lepocreadium pegorchis 104, 160 Lepocreadium puriense 105 Lepocreadium retrusum 105


265

Lepocreadium scombri 105 Lepodora 102 Leuceruthridae 66 leucisci, Ligula 126 Ligophorus 23 Ligophorus acuminatus 23, 151 Ligophorus angustus 23, 143 Ligophorus chabaudi 24, 153 Ligophorus confusus 24, 151 Ligophorus heteronchus 24, 151 Ligophorus imitans 24, 151 Ligophorus macrocolpos 24, 151 Ligophorus minimus 25, 151 Ligophorus parvicirrus 25, 151 Ligophorus szidati 25, 150 Ligophorus vanbenedenii 25, 150, 154 Ligula 126 Ligula abdominalis 126 Ligula avium 126 Ligula carpionis 126 Ligula cingulum 126 Ligula cobitidis 126 Ligula contortrix 126 Ligula gobionis 126 Ligula intestinalis 14, 126, 140, 141, 167 Ligula leucisci 126 Ligula monogramma 126 Ligula salvelini 126 Ligula simplicissima 126 Ligula simplissima 124 Ligula tincae 126 Ligula uniserialis 126 linguale, Stenobothrium 138 lingualis, Nybelinia 138, 154 lingualis, Tetrarhynchus 138 lintoni, Onchobothrium 132, 158, 166 lintoni, Proctoeces 72 Lintonium 71 Lintonium vibex 71, 142 Liocerca 81 Liocercidae 81 Liopyge 81 Lissorchiidae 110 Lobatovitelliovariidae 97 Loborchis mutabilis 58 Lomaphorus 71 Lomaphorus wardi 71 Lomasoma 71

Lomasoma wardi 71, 152 longicolle, Didymozoon 86, 162 longicolle, Didymozoum 86 longicollum, Haploporus 76 longicollum, Wlassenkotrema 76 longipes, Gyrodactylus 34, 159 longipes, Trochopus 21 longissimum, Abothrium 123 longissimum, Dolichoenterum 68, 144 lorenzii, Plectanocotyle 51 luehei, Hemiurus 92, 140, 156 lupi, Udonella 35, 145 lutea, Cercaria 106 lutea, Distoma 108 luteum, Brachycoelium 108 luteum, Diphterostomum 108 luteum, Distomum (Brachycoelium) 108 lydiae, Dihemistephanus 103, 152 lydiae, Echinostoma 103 lydiae, Stephanostomum 103 lymphaticum, Distoma 99 Mabiarama 99 Mabiaramidae 99 macallumi, Amphibdelloides 23 Maclarenozoum 88 macrocephalus, Proteocephalus 127, 141,

167 macrocephalus, Taenia 127 macrocolpos, Ligophorus 24, 151 macrocotyle, Accacladocoelium 79, 152 macrocotyle, Distoma 79 macrocotyle, Podocotyle 79 macrosaccum, Diphterostomum 108 maculata, Capsala 19 maculatum, Distomum 72 maculatum, Tristoma 19 maculatus, Proctoeces 72, 149, 156, 161 Macvicaria 59 Macvicaria alacris 59, 161 Macvicaria crassigula 60, 146, 148, 160 Macvicaria dubia 60, 154 Macvicaria maillardi 61, 159 Macvicaria mormyri 61, 150 Macvicaria obovata 61, 160 Macvicaria soleae 62, 142, 146, 154 magna, Complexobursa 72 Magnacetabulum 91


266

Magnapharyngium 95 Magniscyphus 93 maillardi, Macvicaria 61, 159 major, Proctoeces 72 Manteroderma 109 markevitschi, Taurimazocraes 45, 148, 167 Markevitschiella 73 markewitschi, Asymphylodora 111, 140,

167 markewitschi, Pseudanthocotyle 45 martinieri, Capsala 19, 152 Mazocraeidae 44 Mazocraeidea 39 Mazocraes 44 Mazocraes scombri 44 mediterranea, Chauhanea 40 mediterranea, Cotyloatlantica 40, 160 mediterranea, Pseudochauhanea 40 Megalocotyle 21 Megaloncidae 40 Megasolenidae 75 megastomum, Distoma 99 megastomus, Ptychogonimus 99, 148, 154 melvillei, Diplectanum 27, 165 Merizocotyle 36 Merizocotyle concinna 36, 144 merlangi, Octobothrium 41 merlangi, Octocotyle 41 merluccii, Anthocotyle 42, 152 merlucii americanum, Anthocotyle 42 Mesocotyle squillarum 41 Mesometra 118 Mesometra brachycoelia 118, 157 Mesometra orbicularis 118, 142 Mesometridae 117 Mesometrinae 117 Metadena 115 Metadena depressa 115, 142, 145 Metadena pauli 115, 157 Metahemiurus 92 Metamicrocotyla 47 Metamicrocotyla cephalus 47, 143, 153 micracanthum, Distomum 100 micracanthum, Holorchis 100, 155 microcephalum, Dibothrium 123 microcephalum, Distoma 66 microcephalus, Anchistrocephalus 123,

152

microcephalus, Ancistrocephalus 123 microcirrus, Arnola 81, 146 microcirrus, Arnoldia 81 Microcotyle 47 Microcotyle alcedinis 47 Microcotyle canthari 48 Microcotyle cephalus 47 Microcotyle chrysophrii 50 Microcotyle donavini 47, 161 Microcotyle draconis 45 Microcotyle erythrini 48, 155 Microcotyle labracis 49 Microcotyle mormyri 48 Microcotyle mugilis 50 Microcotyle salpae 46 Microcotyle sargi 46 Microcotyle sebastis 48, 149 Microcotyle trachini 45 microcotyleum, Lepidapedon 102 Microcotylidae 45 Microcotyloides tubicirrus 49 Microphalloidea 106 minimum, Echeneibothrium 128, 129 minimum, Gasterostomum 67, 70 minimum, Rhinebothrium 129 minimum, Scalithrium 129, 145 minimus, Bucephalus 67, 146 minimus, Labratrema 67 minimus, Ligophorus 25, 151 minor, Derogenes 82, 149 minor, Diclidophora 41, 152 minor, Haplocladus 71 minor, Monascus 71 minus, Octobothrium 41 Minutocauda 90 minutum, Stephanochasmus 55 minutum, Stephanostomum 55, 165 mirus, Zoogonus 110 Mneiodhneria 80 Mneiodhneria calyptrocotyle 80 molae, Monostoma 87 Molicolidae 135 Monascidae 71 Monascus 71 Monascus chauhani 71 Monascus elongatus 72 Monascus filiformis 71, 143, 152, 164 Monascus minor 71


267

Monascus netoi 71 Monascus orientalis 71 Monascus ovilobatus 72 Monascus typicus 71 moniezi, Gymnorhynchus 136 Monobothrium punctulatum 125 Monocotyle 37 Monocotyle dasybatis 36 Monocotyle myliobatis 37, 154 Monocotylidae 35 Monocotylidea 35 Monocotyloides 36 Monogenea 7, 18, 140, 166 monogramma, Ligula 126 Monopisthocotylea 18 Monorcheides petrowi 107 Monorchiidae 111 Monorchioidea 110 Monorchis 111 Monorchis monorchis 111, 141, 142, 146,

148, 155, 160 Monorchis parvus 112, 146, 147 Monorchis parvus 111 monorchis, Distomum 111 monorchis, Monorchis 111, 141, 142, 146,

148, 155, 160 Monorchistephanostomum 53 Monorygma rotundum 139 Monostoma crucibulum 69 Monostoma molae 87 Monostomum bipartitum 89 Monostomum capitellata 118 Monostomum galeatum 70 Monostomum orbiculare 118 Monostomum spinosissima 117 Monostomum stossichianum 117 monticellii, Benedenia 18, 150 monticellii, Epibdella 18 monticellii, Parabenedenia 18 monticellii, Phylline 18 Mordvilkoviaster 97 mormyri, Allocreadium 61 mormyri, Atrispinum 48 mormyri, Lamellodiscus 31, 150 mormyri, Macvicaria 61, 150 mormyri, Microcotyle 48 mormyri, Pagellicotyle 48, 150, 159 mugilis, Ergenstrema 33, 151

mugilis, Microcotyle 50 mugilis, Solostamenides 50, 143, 151 mulli, Distomum 111 mulli, Lasiotocus 111, 153 musculus, Brachicephallus 94 musculus, Brachyphallus 94 musculus, Lecithochirium 94, 141, 142,

143, 144, 149, 155, 158, 159, 161, 164 musculus, Sterrhurus 94 musteli, Anthobothrium 134 musteli, Coronocestus 125, 154 musteli, Echinobothrium 125 musteli, Orygmatobothrium 134, 154 musteli, Tetrabothrium 134 Mustelicolidae 136 mutabilis, Helicometra 58 mutabilis, Loborchis 58 myliobatis, Monocotyle 37, 154 myliobatisaquilae, Echeneibothrium 128,

154 nagibinae, Diplectanum 28, 165 Nannoenteron 69 narinari, Nybelinia 137 Nemathobothrium 88 Nematobothrium (Didymozoon) taenioides 87 Nematobothrium scombri 88, 157, 158 Neoaphanurus 90 Neobivagina 48 Neobivagina canthari 48, 160 Neobucephalopsis 68 Neodiphterostomum 108 Neoerpocotyle 37 Neohaploporus 75 Neohysterolecitha 93 Neolepidapedon retrusum 105 Neopechona 104 Neophasiinae 52 Neosaccocoelium 76 Neosaccocoelium aegyptiacus 77 Neostephanostomum 53 Neostrigeidae 51 netoi, Monascus 71 Nicolla elongata 57 nicolli, Baciger 106 nicolli, Pseudobacciger 106 nigroflavum, Distoma 80 Notoporidae 56


268

Nybelinia 138 Nybelinia herdmani 137 Nybelinia lingualis 138, 154 Nybelinia narinari 137 Nybelinia pronosomum 137 Nybelinia rhynchobatus 137 Nybelinidae 137 obesum, Saccocoelium 76, 143, 150, 151 obovata, Macvicaria 61, 160 obovatum, Allocreadium 61 obovatum, Distomum 60, 61 obovatum, Pachycreadium 60, 61 obovatum, Plagioporus 61 ocreata, Pronopyge 107 ocreatum, Apoblema 107 ocreatum, Distoma 90, 107 ocreatum, Distomum 95 ocreatus, Distomum 90 ocreatus, Hemiurus 92 Octobothrium 44 Octobothrium bellones 41 Octobothrium chrysophryi 40 Octobothrium merlangi 41 Octobothrium minus 41 Octobothrium scombri 44 Octobothrium smaris 41 Octobothrium squillarum 41 Octobothrium taschenbergi 42 Octocotyle 44 Octocotyle arcuata 39 Octocotyle merlangi 41 Octocotyle scombri 45 Octocotyle truncata 44 Octodactylus 40 Octoplectanum 44 Octoplectanum trunvatum 45 Octostoma 44 Octostoma scombri 44 odhneri, Podocotyle 64 Odhnerium 80 Odhnerium calyptocotyle 80, 152 oesophagicola, Didymocystis 84, 162 oesophagicola, Didymocystoides 84 Oesophagocystis 88 Oesophagocystis dissimilis 88, 163 onchacanthus, Trochopus 21, 167, 168,

278, 280

Onchobothriidae 129 Onchobothrium 131 Onchobothrium coronatum 130 Onchobothrium elegans 131 Onchobothrium eschrichtii 131 Onchobothrium ganfini 132, 158, 166 Onchobothrium lintoni 132, 158, 166 Onchobothrium uncinatum 132, 148 Onchobothrium verticillatum 131 Onchocotyle 37 Onchocotyle appendiculatum 38 Onchocotyle borealis 38 Onchocotyle canicula 38 Onchocotyle emarginata 37, 38 Onchocotyle prenanti 38 Onchomegas 135 Onchomegas wageneri 135, 144, 167 Oncomegas 135 oncorhynhi, Eubothrium 123 Opechona 104 Opechona bacillaris 104, 143, 157, 158 Opechona orientalis 105 Opechona polonii 105 Opechona scombri 105 Opecoelidae 56 Opecoeloidea 52 Opecoeloides 62 Opecoeloides furcatus 62, 153, 159 Opisthorchioidea 112 Opistorchoidea 113 orbiculare, Monostomum 118 orbicularis, Mesometra 118, 142 Orchipedoidea 70 orecchiae, Gyrodactylus 34, 159 orientalis, Haplocladus 71 orientalis, Monascus 71 orientalis, Opechona 105 orientalis, Pharyngora 105 orientalis, Prodistomum 105, 148, 157,

158, 160, 165 Orientophorus 107 Orientophorus caspialosae 108 Orientophorus petrowi 107 Orientophorus sayori 107 Orientotrema 111 Orophocotyle 80 Orophocotyle calyptrocotyle 80 Orophocotyle divergens 80, 156, 168


269

Orophocotyle foliatum 80 Orophocotyle planci 80, 156 orphi, Axine 39 Orygmatobothrium 134 Orygmatobothrium crispum 133 Orygmatobothrium musteli 134, 154 Orygmatobothrium versatile 134 ostendicus, Gyrodactylus 34, 149, 155 ostraea, Proctoeces 72 Otobothrium pronosomum 137 Otodistoma scymni 66 Otodistomum 66 Otodistomum plicatum 66 Otodistomum veliporum 66, 144, 166 Otodistomum veliporum leptotheca 66 Otodistomum veliporum pachytheca 66 ovata, Tetracotyle 51 ovilobatus, Monascus 72 Ovotrema 106 Ovotrema pontica 106 Pachycreadium 62 Pachycreadium carnosum 63, 145 Pachycreadium crassigulum 60 Pachycreadium obovatum 60, 61 pachysoma, Distoma 78 pachysomum, Podocotyle 78 pachysomus, Haplosplanchnus 78, 150,

151 pagelli, Choricotyle 40 pagelli, Distoma 73 pagelli, Steringotrema 73, 146, 161 pagelli, Steringotrema (Ovotrema) 73 Pagellicotyle 48 Pagellicotyle mormyri 48, 150, 159 pagrosomi, Lamellodiscus 29 Palaezia 116 palati, Didymocystis 86 palati, Didymsulcus 86, 162 paleaceum, Rhynchobothrius 138 papernai, Saturnius 96, 151 papillifer, Prochristianella 135, 145, 168 papillosa, Capsala 20 papillosum, Tristoma 20 Parabenedenia 18 Parabenedenia monticellii 18 Paracardicolinae 52 Paracryptogonimus 116

Paracryptogonimus aloysiae 116 Paradiplangus 71 Paradiplectanotrema 26 Paradiplectanotrema sp. 26, 143, 148, 164,

168 Paradiplobulbus 71 paradoxa, Rhynchopharynx 80, 152 Paramphistomoidea 117 Parantorchiinae 106 Paraorygmatobothrium exiguum 134, 160 Parapleorchis 53 Paraprosorhynchus 69 Pararhipidocotyle 70 Parasymphilodora 110 Paratetrochetus 81 Parectenurus 91 paronaperugiae, Amphibdella 22, 163, 167 parvicirrus, Ligophorus 25, 151 parvum, Anthobothrium 134 parvus, Monorchis 111 parvus, Monorchis 112, 146, 147 pastinacae, Heterocotyle 36, 144, 167 pastinacae, Phyllobothrium 139, 145, 167 pauli, Achoerus 115 pauli, Metadena 115, 157 pauloi, Acanthocolpoides 105 pauloi, Prodistomum 105 paulum, Acanthobothrium 131, 145, 167 pectinata, Cercaria 106 pectoralis, Didymocystis 84, 162 pectoralis, Didymocystoides 84 pedatus, Heteracanthus 39 pedicellata, Allopodocotyle 56, 159 pedicellata, Distomum 56 pedicellatum, Podocotyle 56 pegorchis, Allocreadium 104 pegorchis, Lepocreadium 104, 160 pelamydis, Caballerocotyla 19 pelamydis, Capsala 19, 156 pelamydis, Tristomum 19 Penetrocephalus 119 Pentagramma 107 Pentagramma carolinae 107 Pentagramma petrowi 107 Pentagramma symmetricum 108 Pentagramminae 106 Peracreadium 63 Peracreadium characis 63, 147


270

Peracreadium idoneum 63, 146, 147, 155, 160, 161

perpusilla, Dicrogaster 75, 143 Petalocephalus 129 Petalostoma 129 petasiporum, Accacladocoelium 79, 152 petrowi, Baciger 107 petrowi, Monorcheides 107 petrowi, Orientophorus 107 petrowi, Pentagramma 107 petrowi, Pronoprymna 107, 140, 141, 156 petrowi, Pseudopentagramma 107 Pharyngora 104 Pharyngora bacillaris 104 Pharyngora orientalis 105 Pharyngora polonii 105 Pharyngora retractilis 104 phycidis, Dactylocotyle 41 phycidis, Diclidophora 41, 164 Phylline 18 Phyline coccinea 19 Phyline diodontis 19 Phylline monticellii 18 Phyllobothriidae 132 Phyllobothrium 138 Phyllobothrium auricula 138, 145, 167 Phyllobothrium foliatum 138 Phyllobothrium gracile 127 Phyllobothrium pastinacae 139, 145, 167 Phyllobothrium rotundum 139, 149, 167,

168 Phyllobothrium thridax 139, 156, 160, 167 Phyllochorus 70 Phyllocotyle 51 Phyllocotyle gurnardi 51 Phyllodistomidae 70 Phyllodistomum 70 Phyllodistomum acceptum 70, 161, 162 physcon, Lecithochirium 94, 151, 168 pileatus, Cotylurus 51 pileatus, Festucaria 51 pileatus, Ichthyocotylurus 51, 140, 167 pilula, Bothriocephalus 121 pini, Placunella 21 pini, Tristomum 21 pini, Trochopus 21, 143 pinnicola, Didymocystis 85, 162 pinnicola, Didymocystoides 85

Placunella 20 Placunella pini 21 Placunella vallei 18 Plagiopeltis 43 Plagiopeltis duplicata 44 Plagioporus 64 Plagioporus alacer 60 Plagioporus alacris 59 Plagioporus crassigulus 60 Plagioporus idoneus 60, 61, 63 Plagioporus obovatum 61 Plagioporus sp. 60 Plagioporus stefanskii 64, 141, 167 Plagioporus varicus 60 Plagioporus varius 62 Plagiorchiida 52 planci, Orophocotyle 80, 156 planci, Podocotyle 80 Platocystis 88 Platocystis alalongae 89, 163 Platybothrium 132 Platybothrium auriculatum 132, 156, 166 Platybothrium baeri 132 Platycotyle 51 Platycotyle gurnardi 51 Platyhelminthes 7, 14, 18, 278, 279 platyura, Axine 39 Plectanocotyle 50 Plectanocotyle caudata 51 Plectanocotyle gurnardi 51, 164 Plectanocotyle lorenzii 51 Plectanocotylidae 50 Plectanophorus 50 Pleorchiidae 52 Pleorchis 53 Pleorchis polyorchis 53, 157 Plesiodistomum 70 Pleurocotyle 44 Pleurocotyle scombri 44 Pleurocotylus 44 Pleurogenes betencourti 108 Pleurogenes brusinae 108 pleuronectis, Scolex 139, 141, 142, 143,

144, 146, 148, 149, 152, 153, 155, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 167

plicatum, Otodistomum 66 plicatus, Fistulicola 124, 165 Podocotyle 64


271

Podocotyle atomon 64, 141, 149, 150, 152 Podocotyle contortum 79 Podocotyle fractum 102 Podocotyle furcatum 62 Podocotyle macrocotyle 79 Podocotyle odhneri 64 Podocotyle pachysomum 78 Podocotyle pedicellatum 56 Podocotyle planci 80 Podocotyle scorpaenae 64, 158 Podocotyle umbrinae 65 Podocotylidae 56 Podocotyloidea 52 Polipobothrium vaccarii 129 polonii, Distoma 74 polonii, Distomum 105 polonii, Distomum (Echinostomum) 105 polonii, Opechona 105 polonii, Pharyngora 105 polonii, Prodistomum 105, 164 Polylabris 49 Polylabris diplodi 49 Polylabris tubicirrus 49, 146, 147 Polyonchobothrium 123 Polyopisthocotylea 37 Polyorchis 53 polyorchis, Distomum 53 polyorchis, Pleorchis 53, 157 Polystoma appendiculata 38 Polystomum appendiculatum 37 pontica, Ovotrema 106 ponticum, Acanthobothrium 130 ponticum, Steringotrema (Ovotrema) 106 Poracanthium 65 Poracanthium furcatum 65, 153 portsaidensis, Saccocoelium 77 posteroporus, Cylindrophorus 132 praeteritum, Acanthochasmus 116 praeteritum, Timoniella 116, 146 prenanti, Onchocotyle 38 prenanti, Rajonchocotyle 38, 148, 156 pretiosum, Didymozoon 87, 162 Pristicolinae 101 pristis, Distoma 55 pristis, Echinostoma 55 pristis, Stephanochasmus 55 pristis, Stephanostomum 55, 164 proboscideus, Bothriocephalus 123

Prochristianella 135 Prochristianella papillifer 135, 145, 168 Prochristianella tenuispine 135, 145, 168 Prochristianella trygonicola 135 Procteces insolitus 72 Proctoeces 72 Proctoeces buccini 72 Proctoeces erythreaus 72 Proctoeces hawaiiensis 72 Proctoeces inchiharai 72 Proctoeces lintoni 72 Proctoeces maculatus 72, 149, 156, 161 Proctoeces major 72 Proctoeces ostraea 72 Proctoeces progeneticus 72 Proctoeces scrobiculariae 72 Proctoeces subtenuis 72 Proctotrema 112 Proctotrema bacilliovatum 112, 153 Prodistomum 104 Prodistomum israelensis 105 Prodistomum orientalis 105, 148, 157, 158,

160, 165 Prodistomum pauloi 105 Prodistomum polonii 105, 164 progeneticus, Proctoeces 72 Pronoprymna 107 Pronoprymna petrowi 107, 140, 141, 156 Pronoprymna ventricosa 107 Pronoprymna ventricosum 107, 140 Pronopyge 92 Pronopyge carolinae 107 Pronopyge ocreata 107 Pronopyge ventricosa 107 pronosoma, Kotorella 137, 145 pronosomum, Nybelinia 137 pronosomum, Otobothrium 137 pronosomum, Rhynchobothrium 137 Prosorhynchidae 67 Prosorhynchoides 68 Prosorhynchoides gracilescens 68, 141,

142, 151 Prosorhynchoides tergestinum 68, 149 Prosorhynchus 68 Prosorhynchus aculeatus 69, 141 Prosorhynchus crucibulum 69, 144, 148 Prostatomicrocotyla 49 Prosthecobothrium 129


272

Prosterrhurus 91 Proteocephalidae 127 Proteocephalidea 127 Proteocephalus 127 Proteocephalus macrocephalus 127, 141,

167 Protolamellodiscus 32 Protolamellodiscus raibauti 32, 146 Protolamellodiscus serranelli 32, 159 Psettariinae 52 Pseudanthocotyle markewitschi 45 Pseudantorchis 73 Pseudaxine 43 Pseudaxine trachuri 43, 164 Pseudeubothrium 124 Pseudeubothrium xiphiados 124 Pseudobacciger nicolli 106 Pseudochauhanea mediterranea 40 Pseudopentagramma 107 Pseudopentagramma caspialosae 108 Pseudopentagramma petrowi 107 Pseudopentagramma symmetricum 108 Pseudorhabdosynochus 31 Pseudorhabdosynochus beverleyburtonae

31, 148 Pseudorhabdosynochus riouxi 32, 148 Pseudosellacotylinae 106 Pseudosiphoderoides 115 Ptychobothrium 121 Ptychobothrium belones 122, 142 Ptychogonimidae 99 Ptychogonimus 99 Ptychogonimus megastomus 99, 148, 154 pulchella, Helicometra 58 pulchellum, Distoma (Dicrocoelium) 58 pulchellum, Distomum 58 punctatus, Bothriocephalus 120 punctulatum, Monobothrium 125 punctulatus, Caryophyllaeus 125, 144, 168 puriense, Lepocreadium 105 putrescens, Lecithobotrys 76, 150 Pycnadenoides 65 Pycnadenoides ghanensis 65 Pycnadenoides umbrinae 65, 165 pycnoporus, Holorchis 100, 150, 155, 156 raibauti, Protolamellodiscus 32, 146 Rajonchocotyle 38

Rajonchocotyle clavata 38 Rajonchocotyle emarginata 38, 156 Rajonchocotyle prenanti 38, 148, 156 Rajonchocotyloides emarginata 38 raynerianum, Accacoelium 81 raynerianum, Distomum 81 raynerianus, Tetrochetus 81 raynerii, Tetrochetus 81, 151 raynerium, Distoma 81 receptaculum, Distoma 57 Renibulbidae 134 reniformis, Didymocystis 85 reniformis, Koellikeria 89 reniformis, Wedlia 89, 163 reptans, Gymnorhynchus 136 retractilis, Pharyngora 104 retroflexum, Steganoderma 109 retroflexus, Distomum 109 retroflexus, Lecithostaphylus 109, 142 retrusum, Lepocreadium 105 retrusum, Neolepidapedon 105 Rhabdotobothrium 128 Rhabdotobothrium dollfusi 128, 145, 167 Rhinebothriidea 127 Rhinebothrium minimum 129 Rhinobothriidae 127 Rhipidocotyle 69 Rhipidocotyle galeata 70, 150 Rhodotrema 73 rhombi, Bothriocephalus 120 rhynchobatus, Nybelinia 137 Rhynchobothrium gigas 136 Rhynchobothrium pronosomum 137 Rhynchobothrium tubiceps 138 Rhynchobothrium wageneri 135 Rhynchobothrium wagneri 135 Rhynchobothrius paleaceum 138 Rhynchopharynx 80 Rhynchopharynx paradoxa 80, 152 riouxi, Cycloplectanum 32 riouxi, Pseudorhabdosynochus 32, 148 Robphildollfusiidae 102 Robphilodollfusium 102 Robphilodollfusium fractum 102, 142, 157 rotundatum, Tristomum 20 rotundum, Monorygma 139 rotundum, Phyllobothrium 139, 149, 167,

168


273

rubellum, Distoma 110 rubellus, Zoogonus 110, 144, 162 ruber, Derogenes 82, 164 rudolphiana, Capsala 19 rudolphianum, Tristoma 19 Rudolphimus 69 Rufferidae 137 ruficolis, Tetrarhynchus 134 ruficollis, Eutetrarhynchus 134, 154 rufoviride, Distomum 93, 95 rufoviride, Hemiurus 95 rufoviride, Lecithochirium 95, 140, 141,

143, 144, 146, 148, 155 rugosus, Hemiurus 92 Ryjkovia 114 Saccocoelium 76 Saccocoelium helmymohamedi 77 Saccocoelium obesum 76, 143, 150, 151 Saccocoelium portsaidensis 77 Saccocoelium saoudi 77 Saccocoelium tensum 77, 150, 151 sagittatus, Bothriocephalus 123 sagittatus, Heteracanthus 39 salpae, Atrispinum 46, 156 salpae, Microcotyle 46 salvelini, Ligula 126 sanguinea, Capsala 19 Sanguinicolidae 52 Santeria 114 saoudi, Saccocoelium 77 sargi, Microcotyle 46 sargi, Vulvostella 46 sargus annularis, Diphterostomum 108 Saturnius 96 Saturnius papernai 96, 151 sayori, Faustula 107 sayori, Orientophorus 107 Scalithrium 129 Scalithrium minimum 129, 145 Schistosomatoidea 52 Schyzocotyle 119 sciaenae, Diplectanum 28, 141, 157 scienae, Diplectanum 26 Sclerodistomidae 99 Sclerodistomum 99 Sclerodistomum italicum 100, 150 scolecinus, Tetrarhynchus 135

scolecinus-cepole, Tetrarhynchus 135 Scolex 139 Scolex gigas 136 Scolex pleuronectis 139, 141, 142, 143,

144, 146, 148, 149, 152, 153, 155, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 167

scombri, Didymozoon 88 scombri, Grubea 44 scombri, Kuhnia 44, 157 scombri, Mazocraes 44 scombri, Nematobothrium 88, 157, 158 scombri, Octobothrium 44 scombri, Octocotyle 45 scombri, Octostoma 44 scombri, Opechona 105 scombri, Lepocreadium 105 scombri, Pleurocotyle 44 scorpaenae, Distoma 64 scorpaenae, Podocotyle 64, 158 scorpii, Bothriocephalus 120, 141 scotti, Heterocotyle 36, 144, 167 scrobiculariae, Proctoeces 72 scymna, Distoma 66 scymni, Otodistoma 66 sebastis, Microcotyle 48, 149 semiglobularis, Didymocystis 85, 162 semiglobularis, Didymocystoides 85 seminalis, Atriaster 46 seminalis, Atrispinum 46, 147 semnovesiculum, Acanthobothrium 129 sentum, Stephanostomum 55 Separogermiductes 93 seriolae, Axine 43 seriolae, Heteraxine 43, 158, 167 serranelli, Calydiscoides 32 serranelli, Lamellodiscus 32 serranelli, Protolamellodiscus 32, 159 Serranicotyle 49 Serranicotyle labracis 49, 145 simile, Diplectanum 28, 157 simile, Diplectanum 28 similis, Diplectanum 28 similis, Heterocotyle 36, 144, 167 simplex, Echeneibothrium 129 simplicissima, Ligula 126 simplissima, Ligula 124 Sinicovothylacidae 67 sinuata, Helicometra 58


274

sinuatum, Allocreadium 58 sinuatum, Distoma 58 Siphoderidae 113 Siphoderina 116 Siphoderina aloysiae 116, 157 Siphoderoides 115 Skrjabiniella 68 smaris, Octobothrium 41 soccus, Distomum 99 soleae, Distoma 62 soleae, Macvicaria 62, 142, 146, 154 Solostamenides 49 Solostamenides mugilis 50, 143, 151 spari, Diphterostomum 108 Sparicotyle 50 Sparicotyle chrysophrii 50, 145, 147, 159 Spathidium 70 Sphaerostoma 65 Sphaerostoma globiporum 66, 140, 167 Sphaerostomum globiporum 66 Sphyriocephalidae 139 Sphyriocephalus 137 Sphyriocephalus tergestinus 137, 140 spinosissima, Centroderma 117, 156 spinosissima, Monostomum 117 spinosissima, Stossichiella 117 spirocauda, Didymocystis 86 spirocauda, Didymosulcus 86, 162 Spongiobothrium 129 Spongiobothrium variabile 129, 143 sprostonae, Kuhnia 45, 157, 167 squali grisei, Fasciola 66 squali, Hepatoxylon 137 Squalonchocotyle vulgaris 37 Squamodiscus 26 squillarum, Dactylocotyle 41 squillarum, Diclidophora 41 squillarum, Mesocotyle 41 squillarum, Octobothrium 41 stefanskii, Plagioporus 64, 141, 167 Steganoderma (Opisthoarchiotrema) 109 Steganoderma retroflexum 109 Steganodermatidae 108 stellatus, Lecithaster 98, 145, 160 Stenobothrium linguale 138 stenocephala, Dibothriorhynchus 137 stenocephala, Hepatoxylon 137 Stenopera 58

stenostoma, Lepidauchen 52, 146, 150, 155, 161

Stephanochasmus 53 Stephanochasmus caducum 54 Stephanochasmus caducus var. lusci 54 Stephanochasmus cesticillus 54 Stephanochasmus minutum 55 Stephanochasmus pristis 55 Stephanophiala 55 Stephanophiala vitelloba 55 Stephanostominae 52 Stephanostomum 53 Stephanostomum bicoronatum 53, 165 Stephanostomum caducum 54, 151, 164 Stephanostomum cesticillum 54, 151 Stephanostomum cesticillus 54 Stephanostomum lydiae 103 Stephanostomum minutum 55, 165 Stephanostomum pristis 55, 164 Stephanostomum sentum 55 Steringophoridae 70 Steringophorus cluthensis 73 Steringotrema 73 Steringotrema (Ovotrema) pagelli 73 Steringotrema (Ovotrema) ponticum 106 Steringotrema cluthense 73 Steringotrema divergens 73, 142 Steringotrema pagelli 73, 146, 161 Sterrhurus 93 Sterrhurus fusiformis 93 Sterrhurus musculus 94 stossichi, Aphanurus 90, 142, 155, 156,

158 stossichi, Apoblema 90 stossichi, Calicotyle 35, 154 stossichi, Hemiurus 90, 92 stossichianum, Centroderma 117 stossichianum, Elstia 117, 157 stossichianum, Monostomum 117 Stossichiella 117 Stossichiella spinosissima 117 striata, Vallisia 39, 150 Strigeidae 51 Strigeoidea 51 subtenue, Distomum 72 subtenuis, Proctoeces 72 symmetricum, Pentagramma 108 symmetricum, Pseudopentagramma 108


275

Synaptobothrium 96 Synaptobothrium caudiporum 96, 165 Synaptobothrium copulans 96 szidati, Ligophorus 25, 150 Taenia claviceps 120 Taenia crassa 123 Taenia fragilis 124 Taenia haerica 124 Taenia macrocephalus 127 Taenia tetraodontis 123 taenioides, Didymozoon 87, 152 taenioides, Didymozoum 87 taenioides, Nematobothrium (Didymozoon)

87 tartinii, Distomum 111 taschenbergi, Choricotyle 42 taschenbergi, Dactylocotyle (Choricotyle) 42 taschenbergi, Octobothrium 42 taschenbergii, Diclidophoropsis 42, 147,

167 Taurimazocraes 45 Taurimazocraes markevitschi 45, 148, 167 tectum, Distoma 90 tectum, Distomum 90 tensum, Saccocoelium 77, 150, 151 Tentaculariidae 137 tenuicollis, Tetrarhynchus 138, 152, 167 tenuis, Lacistorhynchus 136, 141, 142,

144, 168 tenuis, Tetrarhynchus 136 tenuispine, Prochristianella 135, 145, 168 Tergestia 73 Tergestia acanthocephala 74 Tergestia acanthogobii 74 Tergestia laticollis 74, 146, 161, 162 Tergestina 74 tergestina, Bucephalopsis 68 tergestina, Gasterostomum 68 tergestinum, Distomum 73 tergestinum, Prosorhynchoides 68, 149 tergestinus, Sphyriocephalus 137, 140 Tetrabothrium auriculatum 133 Tetrabothrium cornucopiae 133 Tetrabothrium musteli 134 Tetrabothrium versatile 134 Tetracotyle ovata 51 Tetracotyle variegata 51

tetraodontis, Taenia 123 Tetraonchidae 33 Tetraonchus 21 Tetraonchus torpedinis 22 Tetraonchus vanbenedenii 25 Tetraphyllidea 129 Tetrarhynchus 138 Tetrarhynchus cepola-rubescens 135 Tetrarhynchus corollatus 134 Tetrarhynchus discophorus 137 Tetrarhynchus lingualis 138 Tetrarhynchus ruficolis 134 Tetrarhynchus scolecinus 135 Tetrarhynchus scolecinus-cepole 135 Tetrarhynchus tenuis 136 Tetrarhynchus tenuicollis 138, 152, 167 Tetrochetus 81 Tetrochetus raynerianus 81 Tetrochetus raynerii 81, 151 Thaumatocotyle concinna 36 Theledera 74 Theledera acanthocephala 74, 142, 159,

164 thridax, Phyllobothrium 139, 156, 160, 167 thynni, Didymocystis 85, 162 thynni, Didymozoon 86 thynni, Hexacotyle 44 thynni, Hexostoma 44, 162 Tiarabothrium javanicum 129 Timoniella 116 Timoniella imbutiforme 116, 145, 146 Timoniella praeteritum 116, 146 tincae, Ligula 126 torpedinis, Amphibdella 22, 163 torpedinis, Amphibdella 22, 23 torpedinis, Tetraonchus 22 trachini, Aspinatrium 45, 163, 164 trachini, Microcotyle 45 trachuri, Ectenurus 91 trachuri, Gastrocotyle 42, 164 trachuri, Pseudaxine 43, 164 Trematoda 51 Triaenophoridae 122 trichiuri, Hepatoxylon 137, 163 Tricotyla 19 trilobata, Karachitrema 71 Trionchus 36 trisignatus, Caryophyllaeus 125, 152, 168


276

trisignatus, Diporus 125 Tristoma 20 Tristoma 18, 19, 20 Tristoma aculeatum 19 Tristoma cephala 19 Tristoma coccineum 20, 162, 165 Tristoma coccineum 19 Tristoma integrum 20, 165 Tristoma maculatum 19 Tristoma papillosum 20 Tristoma rudolphianum 19 Tristoma tubiporum 21 Tristomatidae 18 Tristomella 19 Tristomidae 18 Tristomum 18, 21 Tristomum pelamydis 19 Tristomum pini 21 Tristomum rotundatum 20 Trochopus 20 Trochopus longipes 21 Trochopus onchacanthus 21, 167, 168,

278, 280 Trochopus pini 21, 143 Trochopus tubiporus 21, 143 Trochopus tubiporus 21 tropicum, Diphterostomum 109 truncata, Octocotyle 44 truncatus, Bothriocephalus 124 trunvatum, Octoplectanum 45 truttae, Fasciola 55 trygonicola, Prochristianella 135 Trypanorhyncha 134 tubarium, Aphallus 114, 145, 157, 165 tubarium, Distomum 114 tubarium, Distomum (Cryptogonimus) 114 tubiceps, Rhynchobothrium 138 tubicirrus, Microcotyloides 49 tubicirrus, Polylabris 49, 146, 147 tubipora, Capsala 21 tubiporum, Tristoma 21 tubiporus, Trochopus 21 tubiporus, Trochopus 21, 143 tumidulum, Echeneibothrium 128, 145 tumidulus, Bothriocephalus 128 typica, Amphicotyle 122 typicus, Cylindrophorus 132 typicus, Haplocladus 71

typicus, Monascus 71 typus, Echinobothrium 126, 148, 154 Udonella 35 Udonella lupi 35, 145 Udonellidae 35 umbrinae, Allocreadium 65 umbrinae, Distoma 65 umbrinae, Podocotyle 65 umbrinae, Pycnadenoides 65, 165 uncinatum, Acanthobothrium 129 uncinatum, Bothriocephalus 132 uncinatum, Onchobothrium 132, 148 uncinatus, Bothricephalus 129 uniserialis, Ligula 126 Univitellodidymocystis 84 vaccarii, Polipobothrium 129 vallei, Amphibdelloides 23, 163 vallei, Ancyrocotyle 18, 154, 168 vallei, Bothriocephalus 121, 153 vallei, Encotyllabe 20, 147, 159 vallei, Placunella 18 Vallisia 39 Vallisia striata 39, 150 vanbenedenii, Haliotrema 25 vanbenedenii, Haplocleidus 25 vanbenedenii, Ligophorus 25, 150, 154 vanbenedenii, Tetraonchus 25 variabile, Anthobothrium 129 variabile, Echeneibothrium 128, 156 variabile, Spongiobothrium 129, 143 varicus, Derogenes 83, 152 varicus, Fasciola 83 varicus, Plagioporus 60 variegata, Tetracotyle 51 varius, Plagioporus 62 veliporum leptotheca, Otodistomum 66 veliporum pachytheca, Otodistomum 66 veliporum, Distoma 66 veliporum, Otodistomum 66, 144, 166 ventricosa, Pronoprymna 107 ventricosa, Pronopyge 107 ventricosum, Apoblema 107 ventricosum, Distoma 90, 92, 107 ventricosum, Pronoprymna 107, 140 verberis, Lamellodiscus 31, 150 verrucosum, Distoma 57


277

verrucosum, Distomum (Dicrocoelium) 57 versatile, Orygmatobothrium 134 versatile, Tetrabothrium 134 verticillatum, Calliobothrium 131, 148,

153, 154 verticillatum, Onchobothrium 131 vibex, Distomum 71 vibex, Lintonium 71, 142 virgula, Aphanurus 90 virgulus, Ectenurus 91 Vitellarinus 70 vitelloba, Stephanophiala 55 vitellobus, Crepidostomum 55 viviparum, Distomum 75 viviparus, Distoma 110 viviparus, Zoogonoides 110, 155 viviparus, Zoogonus 110 vulgaris, Squalonchocotyle 37 Vulvostella sargi 46 wageneri, Acanthophalus 132 wageneri, Amphitretus 122 wageneri, Bothriocephalus 122 wageneri, Diplogonoporus 122 wageneri, Echinophallus 122, 143 wageneri, Onchomegas 135, 144, 167 wageneri, Rhynchobothrium 135 wagneri, Rhynchobothrium 135 waltairensis, Aponurus 97 wardi, Lomaphorus 71 wardi, Lomasoma 71, 152

Wardula 118 Wardula capitellata 118, 157 Wardulinae 117 Waretrematidae 75 wedli, Anthocephalum 127, 163 wedli, Didymocystis 86 wedli, Didymosulcus 86, 162, 167 Wedlia 89 Wedlia bipartita 89, 163 Wedlia globosa 89, 163 Wedlia katsuwonicola 85, 86 Wedlia reniformis 89, 163 Wlassenkotrema 76 Wlassenkotrema longicollum 76 xanthocephalum, Ceratobothrium 133,

150, 166 Xenodistomum 66 Xenopera 72 Xenopera insolita 72 Xenoperidae 71 xiphiados, Pseudeubothrium 124 Zoogonidae 108 Zoogonoides 110 Zoogonoides viviparus 110, 155 Zoogonus 110 Zoogonus mirus 110 Zoogonus rubellus 110, 144, 162 Zoogonus viviparus 110 Zoonogenus 108


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PARASITIC FLATWORMS (PLATYHELMINTHES: MONOGENEA, DIGENEA, CESTODA) OF FISHES FROM THE ADRIATIC SEA

Branko M. RADUJKOVIĆ and Danijela ŠUNDIĆ

University of Montenegro

SUMMARY

We have undertaken the preparation of this study to document the flatworm fauna of the Adriatic Sea fish hosts and geographical distribution of species. It is based on virtually all relevant literature as of 1758 till 2014 and attempts to summarize the state of knowledge of the above mentioned parasites.

The monograph contains 330 nominal species, from 188 genera and 65 families: 160 species of digeneans (from 97 genera and 29 families), 106 species of monogeneans (from 52 genera, and 21 families) and 64 species of cestodes (from 39 genera and 15 families).

Presence of one digenean species and four species of cestodes is considered to be uncertain, since we did not find any original record related to the Adriatic Sea. One species of digeneans and two species of cestodes were identified as Species Inquirenda, while six species of cestodes as Species Incertae Sedis. One monogenean species (Trochopus onchacanthus Massa, 1906) is originally described as "parasite of unknown host".

The number of identified and reported parasite species was not equal in all three geographic zones of the Adriatic Sea. Most of them were found in the northern part – 212 species. In the central and southern part 140 and 142 parasite species were recorded, respectively. In the northern Adriatic, out of the total number of species, 116 digeneans, 51 cestodes and 45 monogeneans were found. In the central part, digeneans were also the most numerous (116 species), while monogeneans and cestodes were considerably less present in the parasitofauna (6 and 18, respectively). In the southern part, where the parasitological research has recently begun, 81 monogeneans, 41 digeneans and 20 cestodes were recorded.

Twenty-nine species are newly recorded from the Adriatic Sea – 14 monogeneans, 5 digeneans and 10 cestodes.

Twenty-eight species were recorded from pisciculture facilities. They correspond to the species that parasitize wild hosts.

Of the total of 143 host species (117 bony fish and 26 cartilaginous), only four were recorded as new hosts (3 for monogeneans, 1 for cestodes). The osteichthyan fish hosted 269 species of parasites (87 monogeneans, 158 digeneans and 24 cestodes), while chondrichthyan fish were found parasitized by 62 species (18 monogeneans, 3 digeneans and 41 cestodes).


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Thunnus thynnus hosted the highest number of parasite species – 26 (1 monogenean, 24 digeneans and 1 cestode). From Anguilla anguilla 17 species were recorded (1 monogenean, 12 digeneans and 4 cestodes), from Diplodus annularis – 18 (4 monogeneans, 13 digeneans and 1 cestode), and from Dasyatis pastinaca – 16 (5 monogeneans and 11 cestodes).

Thirteen species of flatworms (3.93%) are reported from the Adriatic Sea only. Three monogeneans (2.83% of their total number), four digeneans (2.50% of their total number) and six cestodes (9.37% of their total number) were geographically restricted to the Adriatic.

From remaining 317 species of flatworms, 81 species (24.54%) had Mediterranean geographical distribution, 106 (32.12%) species had Mediterranean–Atlantic distribution, while 130 (39.39%) were cosmopolitan.

From the species having Mediterranean distribution, monogeneans were represented with 43 (53.08%), digeneans with 26 (32.09%) and cestodes with 12 species only (14.81%).

From the species having Mediterranean–Atlantic distribution, monogeneans were represented with 55 (51.88%), cestodes with 27 (24.47%), and digeneans with 24 species (22.64%).

Among cosmopolitan species digeneans were the most abundant – 106 (81.53%), followed by cestodes with – 19 (14.61%), and monogeneans – 5 species (3.84%).

PARAZITSKI PLJOSNATI CRVI (PLATYHELMINTHES: MONOGENEA, DIGENEA, CESTODA) RIBA JADRANSKOG MORA

Branko M. RADUJKOVIĆ i Danijela ŠUNDIĆ

Univerzitet Crne Gore

SAŽETAK

Cilj izrade ove monografije je utvrđivanje faune parazitskih pljosnatih crva (Platyhelminthes) riba Jadranskog mora i geografskog rasprostranjenja njenih vrsta. Za tu svrhu je korišćena obimna literatura, objavljena u period od 1758. do 2014. godine, koja je omogućila procjenu stanja poznavanja pomenutih parazita.

Monografija sadrži 330 nominalnih vrsta, iz 188 rodova i 65 familija: 160 vrsta digenea (iz 97 rodova i 29 familija), 106 vrsta monogenea (iz 52 roda i 21 familije) i 64 vrste cestoda (iz 39 rodova i 15 familija).

Prisustvo jedne vrste digenea i 4 vrste cestoda smatramo nesigurnim, budući da nismo našli nijedan originalni nalaz tih vrsta iz Jadranskog mora. Jedna vrsta digenea i dvije vrste cestoda su identifikovane kao Species Inquirenda, a šest vrsta cestoda


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kao Species Incertae Sedis. Jedna vrsta monogenea (Trochopus onchacanthus Massa, 1906) je originalno opisana kao "parazit sa nepoznatog domaćina".

Broj utvrđenih parazitskih vrsta nije podjednak u sve tri geografske zone Jadranskog mora. Najveći broj njih je nađen u sjevernom dijelu – 212 vrsta. U centralnom dijelu utvrđeno je 140 vrsta parazita, a u južnom 142. Od ukupnog broja vrsta utvrđenih u sjevernom Jadranu, digenea je bilo 116, cestoda 51 i monogenea 45 vrsta. U centralnom dijelu broj utvrđenih digenea je takođe najveći – 116, dok je monogenea i cestoda nađeno znatno manje (6, odnosno 18 vrsta). U južnom dijelu, gdje su parazitološka istraživanja započela najkasnije, utvrđeno je 81 monogenea, 41 digenea i 20 cestoda.

Dvadeset devet vrsta predstavljaju nove nalaze za Jadransko more: 14 monogenea, 5 digenea i 10 cestoda.

Dvadeset osam vrsta parazita je nađeno na domaćinima iz gajilišta. One su identične sa onima koje parazitiraju na domaćinima iz prirodne sredine.

Samo četiri vrste domaćina, od 143 proučavana (117 košljoriba i 26 rskavičavih riba), su definisane kao novi domaćini (3 za monogenea i 1 za cestode). Košljoribe su bile domaćini za 269 vrsta parazita (87 monogenea, 158 digenea i 24 cestode), dok je na rskavičavim ribama nađeno 62 vrste (18 monogenea, 3 digenea i 41 cestoda).

Thunnus thynnus je bio domaćin najvećem broju parazita – 26 vrsta (1 monogenea, 24 digenea i 1 cestoda). Sedamnaest vrsta parazita je nađeno na Anguilla anguilla (1 monogenea, 12 digenea i 4 cestode), na Diplodus annularis – 18 (4 monogenea, 13 digenea i 1 cestoda), a na Dasyatis pastinaca – 16 (5 monogenea i 11 cestoda).

Trinaest vrsta pljosnatih crva (3.93%) su nalaženi isključivo u Jadranskom moru. To se odnosi na tri vrste monogenea (2.83% od njihovog ukupnog broja), četiri digenea (2.50% od njihovog ukupnog broja) i šest cestoda (9.37% od njihovog ukupnog broja).

Od preostalih 317 vrsta istraživanih parazita, 81 (24.54%) ima mediteransko rasprostranjenje, 106 (32.12%) mediterantsko-atlantsko, dok je 130 vrsta (39.39%) kosmopolitsko.

Četrdest tri vrste monogenea (53.08%), 26 vrsta digenea (32.09%) i 12 vrsta cestoda (14.81%) imaju mediteransko rasprostranjenje.

Mediteransko-atlantsko rasprostranjenje ima 55 vrsta monogenea (51.88%), 27 vrsta cestoda (24.47%) i 24 vrste digenea (22.64%).

Među kosmopolitskim vrstama digenea su najbrojnije – 106 vrsta (81.53%), slijede cestode sa 19 (14.61%) i monogenea sa svega 5 vrsta (3.84%).

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