Plastic Specification Sheets Hayford

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Entrepreneurs Conference

October 27, 2010

Dennis L. Hayford

Executive Director

Discussion of ASTM testing and other

test methods for Property Sheets.


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Imnot

here

to

teach

chemistry.


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ButIamheretotalkalittleaboutplastics,andPropertySheets!


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I want to shed a little light on PropertySheets!


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Before we begin:

This is a discussion about properties and,

While references are made to ASTM,

ASTM does not sanction what is said here.

The attendee is urged to read ASTM test

methods buy them and,Subscribe to their proper use.

ASTM American

Society forTesting andMaterials

http://www.astm.org/index.shtml


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Why would anyone want to do any of this?


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Property Sheets:Property sheets are an attempt to physically

characterize a product being sold.

Often the Property Sheets do not contain all

of the information.

Both buyer and seller are responsible.

The better the description,

The better the price!

The better the understanding between parties

and,

Property Sheets can enhance trust.


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The most important thing is to:

Determine the polymer properties and,What methods to use.

Choose a good test lab:

ISO 9001:2008 standard.

Reliable,

A2LAorISO17025istoohighofastandard,(Too expensive!)


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3 Grades of recyclable face fiber carpet:

Note:

Technicalterms

relating

to

plastics

are

defined

in

ASTM

D883&ASTMD1600


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3 Grades of recyclable face fiber carpet:

Grade III-sheared or pulverized,


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3 Grades of recyclable face carpet:

Grade II-Densified and,


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Grade I-Pelletized or reprocessed.


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The devil is in the details!


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Lets talk aboutthe devil.


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Name the device.

Include the modelnumber.


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Hand held near FTIR:

Hand held near infrared spectrometers are

available.

Such as this one by Phazir.


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Handheld near FTIR:

Light weight and portable.


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Handheld near FTIR:

And this one by Anavo


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A picture can say

1,000 words!


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ASTM D5630 Ash Content

The purpose of this test is to determine

the inorganic content of plastics.

There are two methods described:Procedure A , Muffle Furnace Technique-

For 5-50 gram samples . Samples are flamedover a burner prior to being ashed in amuffle furnace.

Procedure B, Rapid Ash Muffle-Furnace

Technique- For 5-50 gram samples. Samplesare ignited and ashed in a muffle furnace.


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Sample in a crucible is carefully weightedbefore being placed in a muffle oven,

Muffle oven is heated to at 850 OC (for

nylon)

Procedure B:

For 10 minutes. (See tables for other mtls.)

Note: Some companies use their own

procedure.


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Carefully weight crucible after heating

and cooled.

AGAIN Caution! Some companies have

their own methods! Ask about them!

Mostly there is a variance in time and

temperature.

The difference in weight expressed as apercent is the percent ash content.


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ASTM D5630 Ash Content Standard Test

For nylon 6/6

ASTM Method

Temp 900 C

Time 20 min

Sample ID

Empty

Crucibleweight

With

sampleweight

With ash

crucibleweight

Ash

mass

Grams Grams Grams %

1 25.97575 28.51641 26.57111 23.4%

2 17.52647 20.67049 18.42834 28.7%

26.1%


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ASTM D5630 Ash Content-Modified version

For nylon 6/6

Temp 600 C

Time 45 min

Sample IDEmpty

Crucible

weight

With

sample

weight

With ash

crucible

weight

Ashmass

Grams Grams Grams %

1 21.48102 24.45749 22.96576 49.9%

2 18.22432 21.11857 19.56138 46.2%

48.0%

Modified Method


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ASTM D5630 Ash Content-Discussion

If the filler is calcium carbonate (CaCO3),

As in this case,

It will start to decompose to CaO above 600 oC.

The ash content can significantly vary.


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ASTM D789 Moisture Content-simple loss

in weight


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in weightHeaters

Resin pan

Read out


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in weight.

The results, while not the true moisture

content,

Is expressed as a percent. (%)

But volatiles, including moisture,


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Contaminates:

Including a picture is worth 1,000 words.

Describe if possible,


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Two additional Properties:

Bulk (Apparent) Density-ASTM D1895

Density (of the material)-ASTM D792


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ASTM D 1895 Bulk (Apparent) Density

(The real question is how much space does

this stuff take up? Or pounds per cubic foot!)

The weight per unit volume of a material,

including voids inherent in the materials as

tested.

Measure a volume of material as packaged.

Weigh it.Divide the volume into the weight.

Very simply expressed, (but remember ASTM

has rules as to how this is done).

To get pounds/foot3 (or inch3).


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ASTM D1895 Bulk (Apparent) Density

Height

Length

Width

Weight


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Be sure to note by

crossing off the

Per ASTM method!


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ASTM D792 Density (Specific Gravity) by

Displacement.

There are two methods used:

Test method A,testing solid plastics in water.

Test method B,

testing solid plastics in liquids other than water.

Test method B

Becauseweknowthatplastics~S.G.~waterS.G.


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1. Be sure that the sample is free of voids.


Displacement. (B)

2. Carefully compression mold thesample to be tested.

3. Cut the sample to a convenient

size and also check for voids.

(We use a Carver hydraulic press to

make sure samples are void free!)


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Displacement. (B)

4. Weigh the dry sample on a good scale.


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Displacement. (B)

(Use a pure alcohol, such as Isopropyl

alcohol without water in it!)

Thermometer

S (S f G )


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Displacement (B)

5. Weigh the sample in alcohol (the other liquid)

ASTM D792 D it (S ifi G it ) b


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The calculations are:


Displacement (B)

Sample Dry weight = 1.14323 gms. (F)

Buoyancy weight = 0.20618 gms. (G)

Density of test l iquid = 0.78413551 gms/cc. (H)

Or 1.14323 gms/(0.20618 gms * 0.78413551 gms/cc)Sample Density then is B = F/(G * H) gms/cc

Density = 0.9575 gms/cc

Media is pure alcohol.Monitor the Temperature.

ASTM D792 D it (S ifi G it ) b


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Displacement (B) example.PCE Project no. 3250

Material HPDE

Lot No.

Sample Sample weight inair (g)

Sample weight inmedium (g)

Sample buoyancy(g)

Test liquidtemperature

(C)

Density of Testliquid

(g/cm^3)

Specific gravity(g/cm^3)

0717-0731-2010 1.14323 0.20618 0.937050 21.7 0.78413551 0.9567

0717-0731-2010 1.04412 0.18950 0.854620 21.7 0.78413551 0.9580

0717-0731-2010 1.08211 0.19628 0.885830 21.7 0.78413551 0.9579

0717-0731-2010 1.17397 0.21255 0.961420 21.7 0.78413551 0.9575

0717-0731-2010 1.24745 0.22569 1.021760 21.7 0.78413551 0.9573

avg: 0.9575

std dev: 0.0005


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Name the grade (6 or 6/6)


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ASTM D638 Tensile Strength


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The first need is a test specimen!

Sometimes called a dog bone .



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Clamp it in the jaws.



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Add the extension

meters.Pull



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Yield point.

(exaggerated)



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Specimen at break.



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YieldBreak

Tensile

Modulus

TensileStrength


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ASTM D639 Elongation to break


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ASTM D639 Elongation to break

The distance between

the no stress point andthe break point!

Expressed as a percent.


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ASTM D790 Flexural Modulus


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S 90 e u a odu us

(Sometimes called the

3 point bend test.)



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Strain (%)

Stress

(psi)



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The results then is psi/% and,

Is expressed in psi.


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ASTM D3418 Differential Scanning


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Calorimeter or DSCWe happen to have a Perkin Elmer

But there are others:

TA Instruments

Mettler Toledo

ASTM D3418 Differential Scanning


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Calorimeter - or DSC

Heat flow (milli-watts)

Temperatureo

C

Nylon 6 (PA6)

Melt Pt.

Solid Pt.


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As we close:


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This has been a discussion about properties and,

While references are made to ASTM,

ASTM does not sanction what is said here.The attendee is urged to read ASTM test

methods, buy them and,

Subscribe to their proper use.

ASTM American

Society for

Testing and,

Materials

http://www.astm.org/index.shtml


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.

Questions?


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Plastic Specification Sheets Hayford

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