Tissues Definition: Tissues Definition: Collections of cells.
PLANT TISSUES - The X Genethexgene.weebly.com/.../_lec4.planttissues.pdf · PLANT TISSUES Jhia...
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PLANT TISSUESJhia Anjela D. Rivera1,2
1Department of Biology, College of Science, Polytechnic University of the Philippines2Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Centro Escolar University
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Plant Tissues
Simple Permanent
Tissues
Epidermis
Parenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Collenchyma
Cork
Complex Permanent
Tissues
Xylem
Phloem
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SIMPLE PERMANENT TISSUES
• Epidermis (outermost covering of plants)
• Parenchyma (food manufacturing and storage)
• Sclerenchyma (cells with tapering ends, provides strength)
• Collenchyma ( cube-like, provides strength)
• Cork (rectangular cells, for protection)
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EPIDERMIS
• Outermost covering of plants
• Single layer of cells
• Rectangular and cube-like shaped
• Contains ordinary epidermal cells and guard cells
• Contains cutin (waxy substance that prevents water loss)
• Function:
• Mechanical support
• Protection from dessication, attack against virulent pathogenic organisms, gas exchange, restriction of water loss due to evaporation (transpiration)
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EPIDERMIS
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PARENCHYMA
• make up the major portion of the primary plant body
• thin-walled and vary in shape from spherical with many flat surfaces, to elongated, lobed, or folded
• found in photosynthetic tissue of green leaves and green stems, in epidermis
Function:
• Food manufacturing and storage
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PARENCHYMA
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SCLERENCHYMA
• Thick-walled tissue
• At maturity, some sclerenchyma cells no longer have living protoplasts
• contains large amounts of cellulose and lignin
• Has two types:• Fibers
• Sclereids
Function:
• Mechanical support
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SCLERENCHYMA
• Sclereids:• dense (lignified), short cells which may look like stones, rods, bones, stars, or
branched structures
• occur in nut shells, fruit pits, and the seed coats
• Fibers:• elongated cells with pitted cell walls
• found in water-conducting tissue (xylem) and food-conducting tissue(phloem) along leaf veins and margins and surrounding vascular bundles in stems
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COLLENCHYMA
• closely arranged, living cells are short or elongated in shape
• usually found near the surface in the cortex around vascular bundles of leaf petioles and stems
• Thick walled
Function:
• provide elastic support to stems and leaves due to variously thickened primary walls containing cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and water
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CORK
• Dies immediately after being formed due to waxy substances present in its outer wall which does not allow substances to penetrate through its walls
• Appear as layered, rectangular cells
Function:• For protection
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COMPLEX PERMANENT TISSUES
• Major types:• Vascular
• Conducting
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Xylem (Water conducting tissue)
• Composed of several types of cells (living and non-living)• Tracheary elements: tracheids and vessel elements (water and nutrient
conduction)
• Fiber (provide support)
• Parenchyma cells (food storage)
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Tracheary Elements
• Composed of tracheids and vessels
• Tracheids• are elongated, have bordered wall pit
• Aligned side by side
• Function: water conduction
• Vessels• Have bordered pits in their cell walls
• water- and mineral conducting cells of the xylem
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Phloem: Food Conducting Tissue
• Composed of sieve elements:
• Sieve tubes (chief conducting cells of phloem)
• Companion cells (v), a specialized type of parenchyma
• Phloem fibers and Phloem parenchyma are also present
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