Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells...
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Transcript of Tissues of the Body Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells...
Tissues of the Body
Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs
Cells combine to form four primary tissues
Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue
Tissue Types in the Human
Epithelialprimarily used for protection
Connectiveprimarily used for support
Nerveprimarily used for control
Muscleprimarily used for movement
Epithelial Tissue Consists almost entirely of cells, little extracellular
material One side always exposed to:
body exterior organ cavity
Shapes of Epithelial Tissue Squamous (meaning “scale”) - flat cells Cuboidal Columnar
Simple Stratified Transitional
Functions of Epithelia• Provide Physical Protection- protect
surfaces from abrasion, dehydration, chemical and biological agents.
• Control Permeability- regulates molecules that enter or leave through the surface.
• Simple: just one layer or cell shape
• Stratified: multiple layers and cell shapes
Classes of Epithelia
Simple EpitheliaType Cell shape Example
Squamous Squashed Endothelium (lines blood vessels), mesothelium (serous lining of celom)
Cuboidal Cubed Walls of glands
Columnar Columns Lining of gut tube; sometimes with c ilia like lining of uterine tube
Pseudo-stratified Flat cells give rise to columns
With c ilia in respiratory tubes to move mucous/partic les out of lungs
Kidney tubules, glands, lining of terminal bronchioles, etc.
Glands, bronchioles, stomach, intestines, bile ducts, etc.
Bladder lining, ureters, and superior urethra
•Matrix–Ground substance–Fibers
•Cells
Connective Tissue
Proteoglycans
•Collagen
•Reticular
•Elastic
Fibers
Collagen Fibers
•Fibroconnective Tissue
•Cartilage
•Bone
Types of Connective Tissue
Fibrocyte Nucleus
Collagen Fiber
Elastic Fiber
Areolar Tissue
Adipose Tissue
200 X
(bv = blood vessel)
(arrow: adipocyte nucleus)
bv
Reticular Tissue
Dense Regular Tissue(Tendons & Ligaments)
Horse Tendon x100
arrow: orientation of collagen fibers
Dense Irregular Tissue(Dermis of Skin & Muscle Fascia)
Hyalin Cartilage X 250arrows: Perichondrial borders Hyaline Cartilage
perichondrium on the left
chondrocytes form in the perichondrium and move out into the tissue
Fibrocartilage
Elastic Cartilage(note numerous chondrocytes and elastic fibers)
Endosteum
Periosteum
Haversian System (osteon)
Trabecular (Cancellous) Bone
Compact (Cortical) BoneHaversian Canal(contain blood vessels)
Osteocytes inLacunae
VolkmansCanal
Epiphyseal Plates
Marrow
Canaliculi(connecting tunnels)
Bone Histology
Lamellae(concentric rings of
hard bone)
Cross Section of Cortical Bone Osteons
Anatomy of Nerve
Nerve Tissue X 200
Large arrow: Soma (cell body)
Small arrow: axon body
Box: Axon Hillock
Nerves(Summary)
•Anatomy: Dendrites, Soma, Axon Hillock, Axon, Terminal Bouton, Synaptic cleft
•Definitions: Membrane Potential, Afferent, Efferent, Neurotransmitter, Depolarization, EPSP, IPSP, Inhibition, etc.
•If EPSP + IPSP = Threshold….AP is generated along axon (All or none)
•Neurons may be excitatory (Na +) or inhibitory (Ca++ or Cl -)
Muscle Fiber Types
Type I Type IIa Type IIbslow oxidative fast oxidative glycolytic fast glycolytic
many large mitochondria many mitochondria few mitochondria
high aerobic capacity medium aerobic capacity low aerobic capacity
fatigue resistant fatigable most fatigable
low strength high strength high strength
low contractile speed high contractile speed high contractile speed
low myosin ATP- high myosin ATP-ase activity high myosin ATP-ase activity ase activity