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Pioneers in Education

Chapter 4

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Jan Komensky - Comenius

He believed that universallyshared knowledge wouldstimulate love for wisdom andusher in peace for all mankind

Forerunner of pupil centeredclassrooms

Respected childrens needsDidnt hurry children let themlearn on their own pace

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Comenius Teaching

Principles Pictures and illustrations

Practical life

Direct and simple presentation

General principles before details

All creatures and objects part of universe

Sequence one thing at a time Dont move on until students understand

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John Locke

Linked politics and education

In order to self-govern, must be

educated

Tabula rasa blank slate

Empiricism knowledge

acquired by the senses

Scientific method

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Jean Jacques Rousseau

Stages of Development

Infancy Birth to 5

Childhood 5 to 12 Boyhood 12 to 15

Adolescence 15 to 18

Education vs. Schooling School was bad for children negative

influence

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Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi

Loving caring environments inschools

Children learn in a loving non-hurried manner

Emphasis on Object lessons

Deal with concrete then

abstract; immediateenvironment then distant; easythen complex; alwaysgradually, cumulatively & slowly

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Friedrich Froebel

Idealism with Nationalism

Time of unification of

German townshipsKindergarten

Not standard education

Games activities

imagination play

Need to stimulate the childs

brain to learn

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Herbert Spencer

Social Darwinism Survival of the fittest

Competition

Public Schools a monopolyof mediocrity

Utilitarian Education based

on useful scientific andpractical objectives

Activities based learning

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John Dewey

Progressivism

Student centered focus on

physical education focus onhome involvement focus onchilds needs

Scientific method

Knowledge was not inertinformation

Liberating environments inschools

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Maria Montessori

Early Childhood Education

Feminists challenging

traditional roles of women ineducation

Three types of activity and

experience

Practical Sensory Formal

Desired skill mastery

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Jean Piaget

Developmental Stages Sensorimotor 18 months

two years

Preoperational two yearsseven years

Concrete operations sevenyears eleven years

Formal operations elevenyears fifteen years

Exploratory learning

Informal learning situations

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Ivan Illich

Social and economic

change

DeschoolingProblems with schools

Educational monopoly

consumeristic exaggerated

teacher authority

Learning outside of school