Phần mềm NeuroSolutions 4

8/2/2019 Phn mm NeuroSolutions 4

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Phn mm NeuroSolutions 4.2 v ng dng trongnhn dng m hnh phi tuyn ng ca i tngTh su, 19 Thng 3 2010 16:23

Trong bi ny, chng ti mong mungiithiu cho bncmtphnmm m phngmngnron nhnto (Artificial Neural Networks - ANN) hiuqu. Bi bo scpmt cch ngngnphng php tipcnphnmm NeuroSolutions (NS) thng qua vicnhndng m hnh phi tuyn cao camtmchkhuchi cng sutngdng trong inthoi di ng CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access).

Ths. Nguyn Ch NgnTrong bi ny, chng ti mong mungiithiu cho bncmtphnmm m phngmngnron nhnto (Artificial Neural Networks - ANN) hiuqu. Bi bo scpmt cch ngngnphng php tip

cnphnmm NeuroSolutions (NS) thng qua vicnhndng m hnh phi tuyn cao camtmch

khuchi cng sutngdng trong inthoi di ng CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access).Gii thiu

NeuroSolutions 4.2 l snphmca Neuro-Dimension Inc., cngti trnwebsite:http://www.nd.com.y l phnmm cho php xy dng v m phng ANN mt cch trcquan v hiuqunht m chng ti tm hiuc trong qu trnh nghin cuvngdngca ANN. NShtr 6 cpngdng,itcpngdng cho vicdy-hc,ncplp trnh chuyn nghipthng qua cng cto m ngun Visual C++. Chng ti cho rngy l mtphnmmhu ch cho ccbnmitipcn ANN. Tuy nhin, c thkhai thc c NS, ihingisdngphi c vnkinthccbnvlnhvc ny.Chng ti sbtutvicnhngha bi ton nhndng m hnh, phng php thu thpdliu, cch

xy dng v hunluyn ANN, cho nvickim tra v so snh ktqu tnh ton trn ANN.nh ngha bi ton.Trong qu trnh nghin cuv cc mch khuychi siu cao tn, chng ti gpphi kh khnrtln

vthi gian m phngpngcamch,cbit trn cc mch phi tuyn cao. Chnghn,mphngpngca module khuchi cng sut (Power Amplifier Module - PAM) ngdng trong inthoi di ng CDMA hnh 1, bngphnmm chuyn dng ADS (Advanced Design System - ca AglientTechnologies), thi gian tnh ton thu cpng y(t) t2 chu k tn hiu vo x(t) l vi gingh. Nhu cut ra l tm kimmt cng c cho php xc nh cpng y(t) camchmt cchnhanh chng hnvithi gian tnh ton cchng vi pht (thm chdi 1 pht). ANN c xem lgii php huhiu cho vn ny [1,2,3].
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Hnh 1. PAM of CDMA mobile phone

Nhvy chng ta s m hnh ho PAM trn hnh 1, bng ANN, theo nguyn tc sau: u tin, ta thuthpmttpdliu vo ra [x(t), y(t)] thng qua m phng PAM trn ADS. Ttpdliu vo ra ny, tashunluynmt ANN n xpxc m hnh ca PAM (Lu l ta snhndng m hnh ca PAMda trn tpdliu vo ra m khng cn quan tm ncu trc cngnhcc thng scamch - tcxem itng l 1 hpen).

Hnh 2. Nguyn tc xy dng m hnh ANNGi F v FNN lnlt l hm quan h vo ra ca PAM v ca m hnh ANN, th:

Trong W v b lnlt l cc ma trntrngs(weights) v ngng (biases) ca ANN. ANN c xeml m hnh ca PAM khi n chunluyn(iuchnh gi trca W, b) sao cho:

Xy dng d liu.

Dliu vo ra [x(t), y(t)] ca PAM thu ctqu trnh m phng trn ADS da theo s nguyn tctrn hnh 3.


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Hnh 3

p dngc cc tpdliu ny cho phnmm NS, chng cnctchcli cho ng qui cchca NS.T chc d liu cho NS

C nhiuphng php tchcdliu, dng cho vichunluyn v kim tra ANN trong NS. Phngphp nginnht l tchcdliudng m ASCII, chia thnh nhiucttngngvisng vo vsng ra ca ANN. Nhvy,trc khi nhdngdliu, ta cnbitcu trc vo ra ca ANN. Cu trcANN m chng ti p dng trong trnghp ny l mtmnghi qui vi 3 ng vo v mt ng ra trnhnh 4 [1,2], vi:


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Hnh 4

Do ANN c 3 ng vo l x(t), power v load, cng vi 1 bin ng ra y(t), ta tchc thnh file dliu c 4ct,nhhnh 5. Lu l bin y(t), chnh l ng ra thctca PAM - dng so snh vi ng ra clng y^(t) ca ANN, xc nhli trong qu trnh hunluynhockim tra mng.

Hnh 5 - Tpdliuhunluyn

Xy dng ANN bng NSNS htr 4 cng c xy dng ANN, bao gm NeuralExpert, NeuralBuilder, Pre-record Macro v ManualConstruction. D xy dng ANN bng cng c no, th ta hon ton c thhiuchnh hay cu trc limng sau .Nungisdng c kinthccbnv ANN, chng ti cho rng, nn btubngcng c NeuralBuilder l hiuqunht. Xy dng ANN bng cng c NeuralBuilder theo cc bc sau:Bc 1:Khing NeuralBuilder, giao din chnh ca n nhhnh 6.


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Hnh 6

ybn c thchnla 1 trong 11 kiumngchunca NS (chng ti nhnmnhrng, cc giaion sau, ta hon ton c thhiuchnhli cc thng scamng).Gischng ta chnkiumng lTime-Lag Recurent Network.

Bc 2:Trong bc 2 ny, bnphich ra c file dliuhunluyn m ta tchctrc,bngcch n vo ntBrowse.ngthi, ta khai bo cho NS v tr cc ctdliu vo ra tngng, hnh 7.

Hnh 7


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Bc 3:y l giai on ta cn bo cho NS bitdliu dng kim tra mng trong qu trnh hunluyncngnhtrong giai onkim tra sau ny. Bn c thtrch mtphn trong tpdliuhunluyn,bng cch ch ra bao nhiu phntrm (%) c dng cho CV (Cross Validation) v dng cho kim tramng.Bncng c thtchcdliu ny thnh 1 file khc, v ch ra trong menuRead from SeparateFile, hnh 8. Ta c thb qua giai on ny nhngv sau sphich ra file dliukim tra trong qu

trnh m phng.

Hnh 8

Bc 4:Trong bc ny, quan trngnht l bn xc nhslpncamng (hidden layers). Ty theokiumngcchnbc 1, m cc thng scn liscthp l (dnhin, cc thng snyc thhiuchnhv sau), hnh 9.


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Hnh 9

Bc 5:Bncn khai bo sneuron trn lpn (Processing Elements - PEs), hm truynca ccneuron trn lp ny v giithut hunluyntngng(nhp vo menu popup chnla).

Hnh 10

NS htrnhiuphng php hunluynda trn giithut Backpropagation v Backpropagation-Through-Time. Phng php Gradient kthp (Conjugate Gradient) vitchitbc 2, c xem lphng php hunluyn nhanh nhtca NS (hnh 10).Nubnchn n lpn cho ANN, th giai on ny sclpli n lntngng.Bc 6:y l giai on khai bo vlp ra ca ANN (output layer). Snron trn lp ra bngsctdliu ra m bntchc. Trong bc ny, bnchphichn hm truyn cho nron ra m thi (hnh 11).Lu , ty theo kiudliu ra mong mun, m bnchn hm truyn ng ra hp l. Vd,nudliu ra

bin thin trong [0,1] bn c thchn hm Sigmoid, nudliu ra bin thin trong [-1,1], bn c thchn hm Tanh. Thng thng nn chn hm truyntuyn tnh, khibn tm vgiihndliu

ng ra.


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Hnh 11

Bc 7:bc ny, bn c thiuchnh cc thng scnthit cho qu trnh hunluyn (hnh 12).Bn c ththay isthikhunluyn (epochs), tiu chunkt thc qu trnh hunluyn v kiucpnhttrngscamng.Mc nhin, NS cho php hunluyn trong 1000 epochs. Dnhin bn c ththay i,nhnglu tnh trng qu khp (over fitting) khi mngchunluyn lu. Qu trnh hunluynskt thc khi t Maximun Epochs, hoc khi MSE t gi trngngThreshold,

Hnh 12

Bc 8:y l bc khai bo cc dnghinth thng tin ca ANN. Vd, c thhinthdliu ng ratrn Scope, didngth,dng ma trn, hay ghi dngtp tin trn a, (Hnh 13).


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Hnh 13

Kt thc giai on ny, ta s thu cmt m hnh ANN nhmong mun.Ty ta c thhunluyn,kim tra v hiuchnhmngmt cch d dng. Trn hnh 14, chng ti tomtnghitiptng ra trvlpncamng.

Hnh 14

c thcu hnh li ANN va xy dng,ihibnphi c shiubitnhtnhv cc khichc

nng m NS cung cp,c trnh by chi tit trong phntr gip ca n. immuchtcnnm l ngvo camtkhic k hiubng female connector v ng ra cakhic k hiubng male

connector. Mtktnicthitlp khi ta ko (dragging) male connector thchng ln femaleconnector (hnh 15).

Hnh 15

Ngoi ra, hiuchnh thng scho 1 khichcnng no ,bnchcnnhpchutphi, v thay ithuc tnh ca n trong hpthoi Properties.Hun luyn ANN.


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Mc nhin trn thanh cng cca NS c 4 Icons dng cho vichunluynmng.Gis, giai on xydng ANN cabn hon tt, lc chvicn vo biutngStart, qu trnh hunluynsbtu

(hnh 16). Mc nhin, NS shunluynmng trong 1000epochs v dngli.Numunhunluyntip,bnphin vo biutngZeroCounttbm epochs v zero, sau nStart.Nukt thc

qu trnh hunluyn, do v tnh bnn vo biutngReset, th coi nhcng toi! phihunluynli

tu. Tuy nhin, nugiithut phn k,tc MSE cng lc cng tng th btbucphiResetma trntrngsca ANN.

Hnh 16

Kim tra ANN.

NS cho php kim tra (tnh ton ktqu) ANN bng cng c TestingWirzard rtthunli.Chcnn vobiutngTestingtrn thanh cng c,bns vo TestingWirzard ca NS. Cc bc thao tc nhsau:Bc1:Chnh file dliukim tra (tt nhin file ny cngctchctrc theo ng qui cch cafile dliuhunluyn), hnh 17.

Hnh 17

Bc 2:Chnh qui cch hinthktqu: trn cng chinth (scope, graph,) hay lutrthnh file,hnh 18.


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Hnh 18

Trong trnghpbnchnhluktqudngtp tin, th NS sktxut thnh file ASCII, bao gm cc

ctdliutngng l ng ra mong munca m hnh, v ng ra clngca ANN.Kt qu nhn dng m hnh.

Hnh 19 v 20 trnh by ktqunhndng m hnh PAM cvlibng Matlab, sau khi ktxut filektqubng cng c TestingWirzard ca NS.

Hnh 19: Ng ra clngca ANN (o) v ng ra ca PAM (-) khi kim tra mngvi tn hiu vo 1dB v5dB, titngng l 10, 15 v 25W.


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[4]. Makarand Deo, Jianjun Xu, and Q. J. Zhang, A New Formulation of Dynamic Neural Network for

Modeling of Nonlinear RF/Microwave Circuits, pp. 1019-1021, 33rd European Microwave Conference -

Munich 2003.

[5]. NeuroDimension Inc., NeuroSolutions Getting Started Manual Version 4.

Phần mềm NeuroSolutions 4

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