Phan 0 . Phan Chung

8/12/2019 Phan 0 . Phan Chung

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Tng cc thng kGeneral statistics office

Doanh nghip vit nam 9 nm

u th k 21

The Enterprises in Viet Nam 9 yearsat the beginning of century 21

Nh xut bn thng kStatistics publishing house

H ni 2010


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LI CM N

Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam trn trng cm n Ng

hng Thgii ti Vit Nam, c nhn ng Martin Rama - Cvkinh t trng, ng James Anderson- Chuyn gia cao cp quan tm, hp tc v h tr pht trin cng tc thng k nchung, iu tra doanh nghip ni ring ca Tng cc Thng knhiu nm qua cng nhhtrxut bn n phm ny.

Trn trng cm n !

TNG CC THNG K

THANKFULNESS

The General Statistics Office Vietnam thanks so much

the World Bank in Vietnam, Mr. Martin Rama LeaEconomist, Mr. James Anderson, Senior Governance Specialof the WB for their cooperation and support to the developmeof the statistical field in general and annual enterprise survey

particular for a long time, also their support for publishing thpublication.

Thank you very much !

GENERAL STATISTICS OFFIC


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LI NI U

Nm 2008, nn kinh t nc ta phi i mt vi nhng kh khn ca cuc khng

hong kinh tton cu. Vi vic trin khai 8 nhm gii php ca Chnh ph, vn lm pht

c kim ch, nn kinh tvm dn n nh, an sinh x hi c m bo. Chnh sch

tht cht tin tca Chnh phnhm hn chlm pht cng phn no gy kh khn cho hot

ng sn xut kinh doanh ca Doanh nghip v mc tiu tng trng kinh t bn vng.

Trong bi cnh nn kinh tthgii lin tc c nhng du hiu xu i, song nn kinh tnc

ta vn t tc tng trng 6.23%, c coi l tc tng trng khquan, gp phn quan

trng n nh chnh trv trt tan ton x hi.

Trong nhng nm qua, Tng cc Thng k tp trung hon thin v nng cao cht

lng cng tc iu tra thng k, thu thp s liu, tng hp v phn tch kt qunh gi

thc trng doanh nghip ca thi k 2000-2008. Tng cc Thng k bin son n phm

Doanh nghip Vit Nam 9 nm u thk21nhm cung cp cho cc cquan, nh nghin

cu, ngi dng tin trong nc v quc tbc tranh tng quan vthc trng doanh nghip

Vit Nam trong giai on 2000-2008.

Ni dung n phm gm 3 phn:

- Phn I:Nhng khi nim v gii thch chung.

- Phn II:Kt qusn xut kinh doanh ca doanh nghip 9 nm nhn li.

- Phn III:Sliu doanh nghip 9 nm (2000-2008).

Thng tin viu tra doanh nghip hng nm rt a dng, phong ph. Tuy nhin, n

phm ny c thcha p ng y yu cu ca ngi dng tin, Tng cc Thng k mong

nhn c nhng kin ng gp ca cc cquan v ngi dng tin trong nc v quc t

nhm hon thin nhng n phm tip theo c tt hn. Mi kin ng gp xin gi va

ch: VThng k Cng nghip v Xy dng, Tng cc Thng k, 6B Hong Diu, Ba nh,

H Ni; in thoi: 04.38463475; Email: [email protected]

Trn trng cm n !

TNG CC THNG K
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Phn I

Nhng khi nim vgii thch chung

1. Phm vi s liu

S liu trong cun sch ny c tng hp t ngun s liu ca cc doanhnghip thc t ang hot ng sn xut - kinh doanh c n thi im 31-12hng nm trong 9 nm t 2000 n 2008; thuc cc ngnh kinh . S liu c rsot, kim tra, chnh l vb sung trn c s s lgic ca dy s 9 nmca tng doanh nghip.

2. Doanh nghip

Doanh nghip trong cun sch ny lmt n v kinh t thc hin hchton kinh t c lp, c y tcch php nhn, c thnh lp theo LutDoanh nghip Nhnc, Lut Hp tc x, Lut Doanh nghip, Lut u ttrc tip ca nc ngoi hoc theo Hip nh k kt gia Chnh ph Vit Namvi Chnh ph nc ngoi. C th gm cc loi hnh doanh nghip sau y:

+ Doanh nghip Nhnc do Trung ng qun l vdo a phng qunl (k c cc doanh nghip kinh t ng, on th do Nhnc cp vn).

+ Doanh nghip tp th thnh lp theo Lut Hp tc x.

+ Doanh nghip tnhn.

+ Cng ty hp danh.

+ Cng ty trch nhim hu hn.

+ Cng ty c phn (k c doanh nghip Nhnc c phn ho, cng ty cphn c vn gp ca Nhnc).

+ Doanh nghip 100% vn u ttrc tip ca nc ngoi, doanh nghiplin doanh c thnh lp theo Lut u ttrc tip ca nc ngoi.

Ring cc hp ng hp tc kinh doanh c thng k vo doanh nghipbn i tc trong nc.

S doanh nghip vcc ch tiu thng k ca doanh nghip ch tnh cho ccdoanh nghip ang cn hot ng n ngy 31 thng 12 hng nm,khngbao

gm:

+ Cc doanh nghip c cp giy php, cp m s thu nhng cha ivo hot ng sn xut kinh doanh;

+ Cc doanh nghip gii th, st nhp, chuyn i loi hnh; cc doanhnghip cp ng k kinh doanh nhng khng c ti a phng ( xcminh mkhng thy);

+ Cc n v khng phi ldoanh nghip hch ton kinh t c lp, nhcc chi nhnh, n v ph thuc, cc n v s nghip.


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Nhvy, khi nim v s lng doanh nghip trong cun sch ny honton khc vi khi nim vs lng doanh nghip c cp php ng k kinhdoanh do c quan cp php cng b, ls doanh nghip c cp php cngdn ca mt thi k, n gm c cc doanh nghip khng cn hot ng vdoanh nghip c cp php nhng cha trin khai; V cng khc vi khi

nim vs lng doanh nghip c cp m s thu do B Ti chnh cngb, l nhng doanh nghip c cp m s thu, bao gm c doanhnghip khng cn hot ng, nhng cn v n thu nhnc nn cha loi bc vnhng doanh nghip c cp m s thu nhng cha trin khai.

n v doanh nghip ng thi ln v trong cc phn t s liu cc chtiu theo loi hnh doanh nghip, theo ngnh kinh t, theo vng va phng;nhng doanh nghip c mt hoc nhiu n v ph thuc ng cc a phngkhc nhau th s liu ca ton doanh nghipc phn vo cho a phng ctr s chnh ca doanh nghip ng; nhng doanh nghip sn xut kinh doanhnhiu ngnh th cn c vo ngnh sn xut kinh doanh chnh.

3. Khu vc doanh nghip nhnc

Gm cc loi hnh doanh nghip sau:

+ Doanh nghip 100% vn nhnc hot ng theo lut doanh nghip nhnc do Trung ng qun l va phng qun l.

+ Doanh nghip 100% vn nhnc hot ng theo lut doanh nghip, lcc cng ty trch nhim hu hn nhnc do Trung ng qun l vaphng qun l.

+ Cng ty c phn vn trong nc mnhnc chim gi trn 50% vniu l.

4. Khu vc doanh nghip ngoi nhnc

Lcc doanh nghipvn trong nc, mngun vn thuc s hu tp th,tnhn mt ngi hoc nhm ngi hoc c s hu nhnc nhng chim t50% vn iu l tr xung. Khu vc doanh nghip ngoi nhnc gm:

+ Hp tc x;

+ Doanh nghip tnhn;

+ Cng ty hp danh;

+ Cng ty trch nhim hu hn tnhn;

+ Cng ty c phn tnhn;+ Cng ty c phn c vn nhnc t 50% vn iu l tr xung.

5. Khu vc c vn u ttrc tip ca nc ngoi

L cc doanh nghip c vn u ttrc tip ca nc ngoi, khng phnbit t l vn ca bn nc ngoi gp lbao nhiu. Khu vc c vn u ttrctip ca nc ngoi gm:


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9. Thu nhp ca ngi lao ng

Ltng cc khon mngi lao ng nhn c do s tham gia ca h voqu trnh sn xut kinh doanh ca doanh nghip. Thu nhp ca ngi lao ngbao gm:

+ Tin lng, tin thng v cc khon ph cp, thu nhp khc c tnhcht nhlng: Gm tin lng, tin cng, cc khon ph cp vtin thngtrong lng; cc khon ph cp vthu nhp khc ca ngi lao ng c hchton vo chi ph sn xut, vo gi thnh sn phm nhph cp ca 3, ph cpt , ph cp i li, n gia ca, tr cp thu nh v cc khon ph cpthng xuyn, khng thng xuyn khc cho ngi lao ng. Bao gm cc hnhthc tr bng tin, bng hin vt nh: Thc phm, ung, nhin liu, quno (tr qun o bo h lao ng).

+ Bo him x hi tr thay lng: L khon c quan BHXH chi tr chongi lao ng ca doanh nghip trong thi gian ngh m, thai sn, tai nn laong... theo ch quy nh hin hnh.

+ Cc khon thu nhp khc khng tnh vo chi ph sn xut kinh doanh:Lcc khon chi trc tip cho ngi lao ng nhng khng hch ton vo chiph sn xut mngun chi ly t qu khen thng, qu phc li, li nhun cach doanh nghip hoc t cc ngun khc (qutng, thng ca cp trn...).

10. ng gp ca ch doanh nghip ti BHXH, Bo him Y t, Kinhph Cng on

Ls pht sinh trch trong nm mch doanh nghip s np cho ngilao ng ti c quan Bo him x hi, Bo him Y t vkinh ph Cng on.y ls trch trong nm, bao gm c s np vs cha np cn n cquan bo him x hi, y t vt chc Cng on.

11. Ngun vn

L ton b s vn ca doanh nghip c hnh thnh t cc ngun khcnhau: Ngun vn ch s hu v cc khon n phi tr ca doanh nghip.Ngun vn gm:

+ Ngun vn ch s hu:Lton b ngun vn thuc s hu ca ch doanhnghip, ca cc thnh vin trong cng ty lin doanh hoc cc c ng trongcng ty c phn, kinh ph qun l do cc n v trc thuc np ln...

+ N phi tr:L

tng cc khon n pht sinh m

doanh nghip phi tr,phi thanh ton cho cc ch n, bao gm n tin vay (vay ngn hn, vay dihn, vay trong nc, vay nc ngoi), cc khon n phi tr cho ngi bn, choNhnc, cc khon phi tr cho cng nhn vin (tin lng, tin ph cp...)vcc khon phi tr khc.

12. Ti sn

Ltng gi tr cc ti sn ca doanh nghip. Ti sn ca doanh nghip bao


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Phn II

KT QUSN XUT KINH DOANH CA DOANH NGHIP VIT NAM

9 NM NHN LI

Lut Doanh nghip ban hnh nm 1999, c hiu lc t01/01/2000 nh du bc t

ph trong i mi vchtrng chnh sch ca Nh nc, to sn chi bnh ng, thc sthi mt lung gi mi cho tt ccc loi hnh doanh nghip thuc tt ccc ngnh kinh tpht trin nhanh chng cvslng, quy m v cht lng.

I.DOANH NGHIP PHT TRIN NHANH HU HT CC LOI HNH

1. Khu vc doanh nghip ngoi nh nc pht trin nhanh nht vslngdoanh nghip v to vic lm mi cho ngi lao ng.

Tnh n thi im 01/01/2009, sdoanh nghip ngoi nh nc thc tang hotng l 196.779 DOANH NGHIP, chim 95,7% tng s doanh nghip, gp 5,6 ln nm2000, tc tng slng doanh nghip bnh qun hng nm l 24,1%.

Khu vc ny hin gii quyt cho 4,72 triu lao ng c vic lm thng xuyn, chim57,1% tng svic lm ca khu vc doanh nghip, bnh qun mi nm tng thm 8,7% laong.

Khu vc ny cng ang thu ht vn u tkh ln vi 42,3% tng vn ca khu vcdoanh nghip, trong ti sn cnh chim 36,4% v to ra ti 57,5% tng doanh thu nm2008 ca ton bdoanh nghip.

Xt vhiu qukinh doanh, tuy khu vc ny chim t trng chi phi v s doanhnghip, lao ng, vn kinh doanh v doanh thu nhng cc chtiu vli nhun trc thuvng gp cho ngn sch nh nc nm 2008 li c ttrng thp, chvi 16,6% v 30,8%.

R rng, giai on 2000-2008, khu vc doanh nghip ngoi nh nc chyu pht

trin nhanh vchiu rng, gii quyt c nhiu vic lm, gp phn quan trng vo vic xai, gim ngho, bo m an sinh x hi cho t nc. Tuy nhin, kt qu sn xut kinhdoanh cng cho thy, hu ht cc doanh nghip ngoi nh nc l cc doanh nghip va vnh, kinh doanh cn nhl, hiu qucn thp.

2. Khu vc doanh nghip c vn u tnc ngoi (FDI) tuy s lng doanhnghip t, nhng pht trin nhanh v quy m u t v c bit t hiu qu kinhdoanh cao nht trong cc loi hnh doanh nghip.

Tnh n thi im 01/01/2009, sdoanh nghip FDI thc tang hot ng l 5.625doanh nghip, chchim 2,7% tng sdoanh nghip, gp 5,3 ln sdoanh nghip nm 2000,bnh qun mi nm tng 23,5% sdoanh nghip.

Khu vc ny tuy s lng doanh nghip t nhng cng thu ht ti 1,83 triu laong, chim 22,2% tng s lao ng ton doanh nghip, gp 4,5 ln nm 2000, bnh qunmi nm thu ht thm 20,7% lao ng.

Nm 2008, mc d vn u tchchim 16,9%, doanh thu chchim 19,5% so viton bdoanh nghip, nhng khu vc FDI li thhin l khu vc t hiu qukinh doanhcao vi li nhun trc thuchim ti 48,1% v ng gp cho ngn sch nh nc chim ti


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40,4% so vi ton bdoanh nghip. So vi nm 2000, li nhun ca khu vc ny gp 4,9 lnv ng gp cho ngn sch nh nc gp 5 ln.

R rng trong giai on 2000-2008, khu vc FDI tuy quy m vsdoanh nghip vslao ng sn xut kinh doanh chim ttrng thp nhng hiu qukinh doanh ngy cngcao.

3. Khu vc doanh nghip nh nc ngy cng c thu hp vquy m theo chtrng cphn ha v sp xp li ca nh nc m bo kinh doanh ngy cng hiuquhn.

Ti thi im 01/01/2009, sdoanh nghip nh nc thc tang hot ng chcn3.328 doanh nghip, chim ttrng thp nht trong 3 khu vc doanh nghip vi 1,6%, bng45% sdoanh nghip nm 2000.

Khu vc ny hin thu ht khong 1,71 triu lao ng, chim 20,7% ton bkhu vcdoanh nghip (trong khi tllao ng trong ton bdoanh nghip nm 2000 l xp x60%).

Nm 2008, xt vmt hiu qung gp cho ngn sch nh nc theo tlvn u

tth khu vc doanh nghip nh nc v doanh nghip ngoi nh nc l tng ng. Khuvc doanh nghip nh nc chim 40,8% vn, ng gp 28,8% cho ngn sch nh nc,trong khi khu vc doanh nghip ngoi nh nc chim 42,3% vn v ng gp 30,8% chongn sch nh nc. Tuy nhin nu xt vhiu quto ra li nhun so vi vn u tth khuvc doanh nghip nh nc vn hiu quhn. Qui m vn ca hai khu vc chnh lch khngng k (40,8% v 42,3% so vi ton bdoanh nghip) nhng khu vc doanh nghip nhnc to ra ti 35,3% tng li nhun ca khu vc doanh nghip, trong khi khu vc ngoi nhnc chchim 16,6%.

R rng, trong giai on 2000-2008 tuy tin cphn ha, sp xp li doanh nghipnh nc cn chm so vi khoch, nhng doanh nghip ny ang c nh nc qun l,sp xp li theo hng hiu quhn.

II. DOANH NGHIP PHT TRIN NHANH HU HT CC NGNHKINH T.

1. Doanh nghip ngnh nng, lm nghip v thy sn cn qu nh b, khng

tng xng vi quy m pht trin ca nn kinh t.

Ti thi im 01/01/2009, tng sdoanh nghip ang hot ng trong ngnh nng,lm nghip v thy sn l 7.266 doanh nghip (bao gm ccc hp tc x hot ng trongngnh ny), chim 4,2% tng sdoanh nghip. Tuy nhin khu vc ny chchim 4,9% tngs lao ng, 1,2% vn kinh doanh, 1,9% ga tr ti sn cnh, 0,8% doanh thu, 2,9% linhun v 0,9% ng gp cho ngn sch nh nc.

Quan st mt doanh nghip theo hai khu vc: nng thn v thnh thcho thy, sdoanh nghip ca cc ngnh kinh thot ng ti khu vc nng thn hin chim 30% tonbdoanh nghip. Trong , doanh nghip va v nh(di 300 lao ng) chim 96,9%, ccdoanh nghip ln (t300 lao ng trln) chchim 3,1%. Tng ng, sdoanh nghip khuvc thnh thchim 70% tng sdoanh nghip. Trong , sdoanh nghip va v nhchim97,3%, cc doanh nghip ln chchim 2,7%.


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Qui m doanh nghip hot ng trong ngnh nng, lm nghip v thy sn nc tahin nay l rt nhb, trong khi dn snc ta phn ln sng bng nghny. ng thi ccdoanh nghip c a im ng ti cc khu vc nng thn cng chchim tlthp vi 30%,trong khi din tch t ai khu vc ny chim ttrng ln hn rt nhiu so vi khu vc thnhth, cc doanh nghip chyu vn tp trung vi mt cao (ti 70%) l khu vc thnh th,

khu vc c din tch t ngy cng cht hp, nh hng ln n i sng dn cv nhimmi trng.

Tim nng pht trin ca ngnh nng, lm nghip v thy sn nc ta l rt ln, khuvc nng thn c nhiu thun li pht trin cc loi hnh doanh nghip, tuy nhin sphttrin ca doanh nghip trong khu vc ny l rt nhb, manh mn, khng tng xng vitim nng hin c. iu ny t ra yu cu cp bch cho cc nh qun l cn sm hoch nhcc ch trng chnh sch hu hiu khuyn khch u tpht pht trin mnh cc loihnh doanh nghip trong khu vc ny.

2. Chim tlcao nht vquy m slao ng v kt qusn xut l cc doanh

nghip ngnh cng nghip v xy dng.Thi im 01/01/2009, tng s doanh nghip ang hot ng trong ngnh ny l

72.021 doanh nghip, chim 35% tng sdoanh nghip, gp 4,8 ln nm 2000, bnh qunmi nm tng 21,7% sdoanh nghip.

Khu vc ny hin thu ht 5,6 triu lao ng, chim 67,4% tng s lao ng tondoanh nghip, gp 2,4 ln nm 2000, bnh qun mi nm thu ht thm 11,4% lao ng.

Tng svn ca khu vc ny thi im 01/01/2009 l 2.336 nghn tng, gp 5,6ln nm 2000, bnh qun mi nm thu ht thm 24% vn kinh doanh.

Nm 2008, khu vc ny c tng doanh thu l 2.220 nghn tng, chim 38,9% tngdoanh thu ca ton doanh nghip, gp 6,1 ln nm 2000, bnh qun mi nm tng 25,5%.Tng li nhun ca khu vc ny nm 2008 chim cao nht vi 60,1% tng li nhun caton bdoanh nghip, gp 4,2 ln nm 2000, bnh qun mi nm tng xp x20%. Khu vcny nm 2008 cng ng gp cho ngn sch nh nc cao nht vi 169,7 nghn tng,chim tlcao nht vi 57,8% ng gp ca ton bdoanh nghip, gp 4,4 ln nm 2000,bnh qun mi nm ng gp tng thm cho ngn sch nh nc 20,3%.

3. Chim tlcao nht vsdoanh nghip, vn kinh doanh v ng thhai vkt qukinh doanh l ngnh thng mi, dch v.

Thi im 01/01/2009, tng sdoanh nghip ang hot ng trong khu vc ny lln nht vi 125 nghn doanh nghip, chim 60,1% tng sdoanh nghip, gp 5,2 ln nm2000, bnh qun mi nm tng 22,9%.

Khu vc ny hin thu ht 2,3 triu lao ng, chim 27,6% tng s lao ng tondoanh nghip, gp 2,5 ln nm 2000, bnh qun mi nm thu ht thm 12%.


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Tng vn ca khu vc ny thi im 01/01/2009 l 4.030 nghn tng, gp 6,1 lnnm 2000, bnh qun mi nm thu ht thm 25,1%.

Nm 2008, khu vc ny c tng doanh thu t cao nht vi 3.449 nghn tng,chim 60,2% tng doanh thu ca ton doanh nghip, gp 7,9 ln nm 2000, bnh qun mi

nm tng 29,4%. Tng li nhun ca khu vc ny nm 2008 chim 36,6% ton b doanhnghip, gp 8,4 ln nm 2000, bnh qun mi nm tng xp x 30,4%. Khu vc ny nm2008 cng ng gp cho ngn sch nh nc 121,5 nghn tng, chim 41,4% ton bdoanh nghip, gp 5,7 ln nm 2000, bnh qun mi nm ng gp tng thm cho ngn schnh nc 24,4%.

4. Nhng ngnh c tc pht trin nhanh nht 9 nm qua:

(1)Nhng ngnh c tc pht trin nhanh nht vvslng doanh nghip:Tn ngnh

Tc pht trin bnh

qun h

ng n

m (%)E40. Sn xut v phn phi in, kh t, nc 192.6

I64 Bu chnh, vin thng 170.1

L73 Cc hot ng lin quan n my tnh 151.0

J67 Cc hot ngh tr cho hot ng ti chnh tin t 150.9

D30. Sn xut thit b vn phng v my tnh 146.0

D37. Ti ch 146.0

L72 Cho thu MMTB (khng ngi iu khin)... 142.9

L71 Cc hot ng lin quan n bt ng sn 141.4

(2)Nhng ngnh c tc pht trin nhanh nht v s lao ng:

Tn ngnhTc pht trinbnh qun hng

nm (%)

J67 Cc hot ng h tr cho hot ng ti chnh tin t 174.0


L72 Cho thu MMTB (khng ngi iu khin) 140.6D30 Sn xut thit b vn phng v my tnh 129.7

D37 Ti ch 127.7

L Cc hot ng lin quan n kinh doanh ti sn, dch v tvn 125.2

L74 Cc hot ng kinh doanh khc 124.6


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(3)Nhng ngnh c tc ht trin nhanh nht v vn kinh doanh:

Tn ngnhTc pht trin

bnh qun hng nm(%)

J67 Cc hot ngh tr cho hot ng ti chnh tin t 206.7

L72 Cho thu MMTB (khng ngi iu khin) 194.3

D37 Ti ch 174.3


C13 Khai thc qung kim loi 146.8

J66 Bo him,Trcp hu tr 142.4

D36 Sn xut ging, t, bn gh, cc sn phm khc 141.1

D27 Sn xut kim loi 136.2

L71 Cc hot ng lin quan n bt ng sn 136.0

(4)Nhng ngnh c tc pht trin nhanh nht vdoanh thu:

Tn ngnhTc pht trinbnh qun hng

nm (%)

J67 Cc hot h tr cho hot ng ti chnh tin t229.1

D37. Ti ch 155.5


J66 Bo him, trcp hu tr (tr bo m XH bt buc) 147.6

L72 Cho thu MMTB(khng ngi iu khin) 146.8

D27. Sn xut kim loi 140.0

D36 Sn xut ging t, bn gh, cc sn phm khc 139.4

J. Ti chnh, tn dng 138.9


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III. SPHT TRIN CA DOANH NGHIP TRONG CC VNG KINHT

1. ng Nam bl vng kinh tc quy m v kt qusn xut kinh doanh caonht cnc.

Thi im 01/01/2009, vng kinh tny c 73.885 doanh nghip thc tang hotng, chim 35,9% tng sdoanh nghip ton quc, gp 6 ln nm 2000, bnh qun mi nmtng 25% sdoanh nghip.

Vng ny hin thu ht 38,3% s lao ng, 39% vn kinh doanh, 51% doanh thu,62,6% li nhun v 60,7% np ngn sch nh nc.

Thnh phHCh Minh l thnh phc quy m v kt qusn xut kinh doanh lnnht vng ng Nam Bv ton quc. Thnh phny thi im 01/01/2009 c ti 58.398doanh nghip thc tang hot ng, chim 28,4% sdoanh nghip ton quc. Thnh ph

ny cng chim ttrng ln tt ccc chtiu quan trng nh: 21,5% lao ng, 27,4% vnkinh doanh, 36% doanh thu, 18,4% li nhun v 24,8% np ngn sch nh nc.

Xp th 2 v th 3 trong khu vc ng Nam B l 2 tnh c quy m gn tngng: ng Nai v Bnh Dng vi cc tlso vi cnc nhsau:

ng Nai: Sdoanh nghip chim xp x3%; lao ng 6,2%; vn 3,8%; doanh thu5%; li nhun 1,6% v np ngn sch nh nc nh nc 4,2%.

Bnh Dng: S doanh nghip chim 2,6%; lao ng 7,9%; vn 3,4%; doanh thu4,4%; li nhun 3,5% v np ngn sch nh nc 4,0%.

2. ng bng sng Hng xp th hai v quy m v kt qu sn xut kinhdoanh.

Thi im 01/01/2009, vng kinh tny c 61.058 doanh nghip thc tang hotng, chim 29.7% tng sdoanh nghip, gp 6,5 ln nm 2000, bnh qun mi nm tng26,4% sdoanh nghip.

Vng ny hin thu ht 29,3% slao ng, 26,8% vn kinh doanh, 26,3% doanh thu,16,6% li nhun v 22,5% np ngn sch nh nc.

Thnh phH Ni (gm cH Ni v H Ty st nhp) l thnh phc quy m vkt qu sn xut kinh doanh ln th hai c nc, sau TP. H Ch Minh. Ti thi im01/01/2009, H Ni c 39.507 doanh nghip thc tang hot ng, chim 19,2% sdoanhnghip ton quc. Thnh phny cng chim ttrng thhai trong cnc (sau TP. HChMinh) vcc chtiu quan trng khc ca doanh nghip: 14,9% lao ng, 19,7% vn kinhdoanh, 17,2% doanh thu, 9,8% li nhun v 14,6% np ngn sch nh nc.


15/37

3. Ty nguyn v Trung du min ni pha Bc l hai vng kinh tc tlphttrin doanh nghip thp nht trong su vng kinh t.

Thi im 01/01/2009, sio vi cnc, doanh nghip ca vng kinh tTy nguyn

chchim 3,2% sdoanh nghip, 2,6% s lao ng, 1,6% vn kinh doanh, 2% doanh thu,

1,1% li nhun v 1,1% np ngn sch nh nc. Cc chtiu pht trin doanh nghip ca

vng kinh tTrung du min ni pha Bc cng chim tlrt thp, chcao hn khng ng

kso vi vng Ty nguyn vi cc chtiu tng ng: 5,6% sdoanh nghip, 5,7% slao

ng, 1,8% vn kinh doanh, 2,5% doanh thu, 1,1% li nhun v 1,4% np ngn sch nh

nc so vi ton quc.

IV. DOANH NGHIP VIT NAM PHT TRIN NHANH NHNG CHYU

VN L CC DOANH NGHIP C QUY M VA V NH.

Tiu ch xp loi doanh nghip va v nhtheo Nghnh s: 56/2009/N-CP ngy

30/6/2009 ca Chnh ph:

Quy mKhu vc

DNsiu nh

Doanh nghipnh

Doanh nghipva

Doanh nghiln

Lao ng Vn Lao ng Vn Lao ng Vn Lao I. Khu vc nng, lmnghip v thy sn (A)

10 20 t Trn 10n 200

Trn 20tn100 t

Trn 200n 300

Trn100 t

Trn

II. Khu vc cng nghipv xy dng (B-F)

10 20 t Trn 10n 200

Trn 20tn100 t

Trn 200n 300

Trn100 t

Trn

III. Khu vc thng mi,dch v(G-U)

10 10 t Trn 10n 50

Trn 10tn50 t

Trn 50n 100

Trn50 t

Trn

V.VIT NAM QUA NH GI CA CC TCHC QUC T.

1. Ngn hng Thgii v Cng ty Ti chnh quc t:Theo bo co nh gi vmi

trng u tca Ngn hng Thgii (WB) v Cng ty Ti chnh quc t(IFC), nm 2009

Vit Nam ng th93/183 nn kinh t, thhng ny trong nm 2008 l 92/182 v nm 2007l 91/178. Hai chsVay vn v Thc thi hp ng c ci thin ng k. Nm 2008

ch s Vay vn xp hng 43, nm 2009 ci thin c 13 bc (xp th 30). Ch s

Thc thi hp ng nm 2009 tng 10 bc (hng 32) so vi nm 2008 (hng 42). Ngn hng

Thgii cng nh gi Vit Nam c hai lnh vc c ci thin ng kl thuv thng

mi quc t. Vic p dng chnh sch thu sut thu thu nhp doanh nghip gim t28%


16/37

xung cn 25% v thu thu nhp b sung i vi hot ng chuyn nhng t ai c

loi b. Ngoi ra, Vit Nam p dng thm mt sthtc hi quan, thc y giao dch thng

mi qua bin gii cng thnh cng v hiu qu.

Nhn chung Ngn hng Thgii nh gi Vit Nam c nhiu cgng trong vic cithin mi trng kinh doanh, tuy nhin cc quc gia khc cng ang tip tc ci thin v ci

thin tt mi trng kinh doanh ca h. Do , trong nhng nm tip theo, Vit Nam cn

tch cc hn na to mi trng kinh doanh thun li hn pht trin cc doanh nghip,

cssn xut kinh doanh v thu ht u tnc ngoi.

2. Din n kinh tThgii: Vit Nam ci thin c nhiu yu tvmi trng

kinh doanh.

Bo co cnh tranh ton cu ca Din n kinh tThgii (WEF) cung cp mt bctranh tng thvnhng yu tang tc ng n mi trng kinh doanh ca mi nn kinh t

v khnng ca mi quc gia t c sbn vng trong tng trng v pht trin.

Bo co nng lc cnh tranh ton cu 2009-2010 nh gi 75 trn 133 quc gia cho

thy, nm 2009, Vit Nam c ci thin c nhiu tiu ch, c bit l quy m th trng

(hng 38), hiu quthtrng lao ng (hng 38), trong nhiu tiu ch cthc thhng

rt cao. Tuy nhin, chsnng lc cnh tranh tng hp 2009 ca Vit Nam cha c ci

thin v gim 5 bc so vi nm 2008, chyu do chsn nh kinh tvm bnh tt thng 70 xung 112, tc ng mnh ti nn kinh tv khnng cnh tranh.

Mc d chscnh tranh tng hp ton cu nm 2009 ca Vit Nam cha c ci

thin nhng Din n kinh tThgii vn nh gi Vit Nam c nhiu tin btrong vic

ci thin nng lc cnh tranh ktnm 2001 (nm u tin Vit Nam c Din n kinh t

Thgii a vo xp hng), thm ch vtrung v di hn, Vit Nam c nhiu im mnh v

c tim nng tng trng cao trong nhng nm ti.

Ring chsi mi v sng to, Vit Nam c xp hng tng i kh vtr th55, tin 2 bc so vi nm 2008 v tin 9 bc so vi nm 2007. Trong chsi mi v sng

to c 7 chsthnh phn, trong chsvu thu sn phm cng nghcao ca Chnh

ph Vit Nam xp thhng cao (11). Ngoi ra, chsvNng lc i mi, Chi tiu ca

doanh nghip cho R&D Nghin cu pht trin cng c nh gi vtr tng i kh.


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Tuy nhin, ch svSng chhu ch ca Vit Nam xp th90/133, iu ny cho thy

nng lc nghin cu ra cc sng ch, sn phm hu ch cha tng xng vi nng lc nghin

cu v pht trin. Trong nhng nm ti, i mi c mt cch ton din, chsny cn

c ci thin hiu quhn.

3. T chc Thng mi v Pht trin Lin hp quc (UNCTAD):Vit Nam vn

tip tc ng trong Top15 quc gia thu ht FDI.

Theo kt quiu tra ca T chc Thng mi v Pht trin Lin hp quc nhn

nh, nm 2009, 5 quc gia thu ht FDI nht l Trung quc, M, n , Braxin v Nga. Vit

Nam vn tip tc ng trong bng xp hng 15 quc gia hp dn nht trong thu ht FDI giai

on 2009-2011. Tuy nhin, Bo co iu tra cng cho thy Vit Nam tip tc l mt trong 6

quc gia hp dn i vi cc nh u tNht Bn v cc nc ang pht trin khu vc Chu

.

4. Ngn hng Anh Quc: Bo co nh gi nm 2010 ca Ngn hng Anh Quc xp

hng 117 quc gia, Vit Nam xp th3 vchslng tin vkinh doanh (sau Rp X t

v n ).

Nhn chung cc tchc quc tu cho rng, trong nhng nm qua, Vit Nam

thc hin rt nhiu chnh sch nhm ci thin mi trng kinh doanh nh: Chnh sch ci

cch thtc hnh chnh, bsung v sa i hnh lang php l lin quan n mi trng kinhdoanh, ci cch hthng thu, Tuy nhin, trong thi gian ti Vit Nam vn cn nhiu lnh

vc cn c ci cch nng cao nng lc cnh tranh quc gia c thtc ng tch cc,

hiu quhn n hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca doanh nghip.


18/37

FOREWORD

In 2008, the economy in Viet Nam faced difficulties by the global economic crisis.

On implementing 8 groups of solutions by the Government, the inflation was controlled, the

macro-economy was stabilizing, and the social security was sustained. The monetary tight

policy by the Government to control the inflation partially caused difficulties to the business

of enterprises and the goal of sustainable economic growth. In the context when the world

economy was going worse, Viet Nam still grew at 6.23%, this was good enough to stabilize

the politics and the social order and safety.

In recent years, General Statistics Office has focused on completing and improving

the quality of statistics surveys, data collection, compiling and analyzing the results to assess

the enterprise situation during 2000-2008. General Statistics Office compiled the publication

Enterprises in Vietnam during the first nine years of 21st

centuryto provide institutions,

researchers, data users in Vietnam and on the world with the general picture on the situation

of enterprises in Vietnam during 2000-2008.

The publication includes 3 parts:

- Part I: Concepts and general explanation

- Part II:Business results of enterprises a view after 9 years.

- Part III:the data for the nine years (2000-2008).

Information from enterprise survey is very rich. However, this publication may not

satisfy the needs of users, General Statistics Office welcome comments and suggestions from

all national and international users so that the coming publication will be improved.

Comments and suggestions are received at: Department of Industrial and Construction

Statistics,

The General Statistics Office, Ministry of Planning and Investment, No. 6B Hoang Dieu

Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi; Phone: 04.38463475; Email: [email protected]

Thank you very much !

GENERAL STATISTICS OFFICE
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Part I

Definition and common explanations1. Scope of the data

Data in this book was combined from data sources of enterprises which

were actually operating at time points 31/12 every year. These enterprises

belong to all industries, (excluding business households, in 2008 including

cooperatives of agricultural, forestry and fishery sectors). Data were checked

out, adjusted and enriched basing on logical rule found when studying three-year data of enterprises.

2. Enterprise

The term "enterprise" in this book is an economic unit that independently

keeps business account and acquires its own legal status. It may be set up by

State Enterprise Law, Cooperative Law, Enterprise Law, and Foreign

Investment Law or by Agreement between The Government of Vietnam and

Government of Foreign Countries. There are following types of enterprise:

+ State enterprises at central level and at local level (including also

enterprises which are under controlling of the Party and mass organizations

and capital is provided by the Government).

+ Enterprises set up by Cooperative Law.

+ Private enterprises.

+ Collective name companies.

+ Limited liability companies.

+ Join-stock companies (including also state enterprises which were

privatized and companies which had capital share of the Government).

+ Enterprises with 100% foreign capital, foreign joint venture enterprises.


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Contractual business cooperation ventures are counted to domestic

enterprise.

Number of enterprises and statistical indicators of enterprises is only

counted for enterprises, which are still operating by 31 December every year. Itdoes not include following enterprises:

+ Enterprises that received business license, tax codes but still do not

operate;

+ Enterprises that were dissolved, jointed to other enterprises or changed

type of business activity; Enterprises that got operation permission but do not

locate in local area (searching, but not found);

+ Economic units that do not independently keep business account such as

branches, dependent economic units and other non-economic bodies.

Thus, concept of enterprise and number of enterprises in this book are

different with that got business operating permission from Government

functional agencies; because that is cumulative registered figure during a

period of time, it also includes enterprises that do not operate or get business

operating permission, but still do not operate. The concept is also different

with that has been published by The Ministry of Finance, where including

enterprises that got tax code, covering also enterprises did not operate but still

could not abolished because they still had outstanding of tax payment to the

Government and enterprises provided tax code but still did not yet operate.

Enterprises are also units in stratifying by type of enterprise, economic

industries, region and provinces. Concerning enterprises, which have many

branches, located in different provinces/cities, operating results of whole

enterprise will be allocated to province/city where their headquarters is

located. Concerning enterprises, which engaged in many different kinds of

economic activity, industry of the enterprise will be assigned to main industry

(see concept in sector 6).

3. State enterprises: It includes following types:


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+ Enterprises with 100% of state capital operating according to enterprise

law and under control of central or local Governmental agencies.

+ Enterprises with 100% of state capital operating according to enterprise

law, which are limited liability companies and under control of central or localGovernmental agencies.

+ Stock companies with domestic capital, of which the Government shares

more than 50% registered capital.

4. Non-State enterprises:

They are enterprises set up by domestic capital. The capital may be owned

by cooperative, private with 1 or individual group or the Government when

capital of the Government is equal or less than 50% of registered capital. There

are following types of non state enterprises:

+ Cooperatives;

+ Private companies;

+ Cooperative name companies;

+ Private limited liability companies;

+ Private stock companies;

+ Stock companies with 50% and less than of registered capital shared by

the Government.

5. Foreign direct invested enterprises (FDI enterprises):

They are enterprises with capital directly invested by foreigners, not

separated by per cent of capital shared. There are following types of direct

investment by foreigner enterprises:

+ 100% of capital invested by foreigners;

+ Joint venture enterprise between domestic investor and foreigner.

6. Business industry (activity):


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Industrial classification in this book is based on main activity of

enterprises. Each enterprise could belong to only one unique economic activity-

it is main activity. Main business activity is one that contributes the largest

share to total gross output of the enterprise or activity that was projected

when the enterprise set up. It decides acting direction and duty of the

enterprise. If could not basing on the above criteria, we can base on number of

employee, and main activity of the enterprise is one that used the highest

number of employee during the year.

7. Net turnover:

It is total income of enterprise gained by selling its products or services

after subtracting taxes (excise duties, export tax, value added tax by method of

payable direct) and other reduction (discounting, reducing selling price,

returning goods).

Net turnover does not include:

+ Turnover gaining by financial activity (except lending asset with its

controller);

+ Turnover gaining by special activity such as: selling off asset, getting

money due to partner violates contract, getting money from bad debt that was

processed...

8. Employees

It is total of persons enterprise uses and pays wage or salary.

Employees of enterprise do not include:

+ Persons who receive material of the enterprise to produce goods at their

home (household employees).

+ Persons who are working as apprentices sent from schools, training

center for practice and enterprise does not pay salary.

+ Persons who are sent to enterprise to work by joint venture of other

enterprises and the enterprise do not pay salary.


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Concerning private enterprises, member of the proprietors households

who participates in management or directly working for the enterprise but

does not get salary or wage - their income is mixed with the profit of business -

they are also considered as employees of the enterprise.

9. Compensation of employees

It is total earnings that employees gain by participating in business or

production process of the enterprise. Compensation of employees includes:

+ Salary, bonus and other allowances such as: salary, wages, subsidize,

bonus and other allowance counted as production cost like paying for

allowance of working at third shift, travel subsidize, meal during working day,

renting house, and other regularly, non-regularly allowance. This paying is in

any form, in cash or in kinds such as food, beverage, clothes (excluding

working safety clothes).

+ Social insurance paid replacing salary: it is amount of money that social

insurance agencies pay for employees when they are ill or in delivery period, or

incident period... according to current regulation.

+ Other incomes which are not counted as production costs: They are

amount of budget paying directly for employees but does not count for

production costs and cost price of products such as commend and reward fund,

social welfare fund, benefit of enterprises proprietor or other sources (gift,

reward from leader...)

10. Contributions of the enterprises proprietor to the social

insurance, health insurance and trade union budget

It is total amount of fund that employers have to contribute to social

insurance, health insurance and trade union budget in the year. This is

amount deducted during the year, including both amounts that employers had

contributed to social insurance, health insurance, trade union fund and

payable amount during the year.

11. Capital sources


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It is total capital of the enterprise that comes from different sources:

capital of proprietor (equity) and other debt that enterprise has to pay

(liability). Capital source includes:

+ Capital of proprietor (equity): it is total capital that belongs to proprietorof the enterprise or to members of Joint Venture Company or of shareholders

in joint stock Company, fund that is submitted to parent company by child

companies...

+ Debts have to pay (liability): it is total debts that enterprise has to pay

for lender. It includes borrowed money (long term, short term, domestic debt or

abroad debt); debts that enterprise has to pay for sellers, for Government, for

enterprise's employees (salary, subsidies...) or other type of debts have to pay.

12. Asset

It is total asset of enterprise. Asset of an enterprise includes current assets

and short-term investment, fixed assets and long-term investment.

+ Current assets and short-term investment: it is asset that owned and

used by enterprise. It has time of use, time of rotation, and recovering its value

in certain business period or in one year. Current assets exist in term of money

(cash, pay-in, certificates having value like money, gold and jewelry), values of

goods and materials, and receivable, short-term financial investment.

+ Fixed assets and long-term investment: it is total remaining values of

fixed assets, value of under construction projects, amount of paying security,

amount of long-term consigning and other long-term financial investment

amount of the enterprise.

Fixed asset is production means that has time of use more than one year

and its value is equal or greater than 10 million Vietnam dong (VND). Fixed

asset includes tangible, intangible fixed asset and financial hired fixed asset.

13. Profit

It is amount of gain before paying tax (profit before paying tax) from


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business, financial and other activities of enterprise during a year. It is total

profit of enterprise. That means amount remained after taking gain minus loss

of all activities.

14. Contribution to state budget

It is total amount of tax, fees, charges and other type of charge that

enterprise has to submit to state budget during a year. It includes:

+ Taxes: value added tax of domestic selling goods, value added tax of

imported goods, tax of special consumption, tax of exported goods, license tax,

extracting natural resource tax, enterprise income tax...

+ Fees: it includes only amount that enterprise submits to state budget

such as: examination fees of import and export goods, keeping quarantine

fees...

+ Other fees:it includes only amount of fees that enterprise has to pay to

state budget such as: registration fees, issuing certificate on taking business

fees, land administration fees, issuing certificate on owner's industrial right

fees, issuing certificate on construction fees, administration fees for

transportation vehicles, giving quota fees, getting export and import

permission fees...

+ Other additional levied and payable amount:

Contribution to state budget does not include: charitable contribution,

supporting to movement of organizations, unions, supporting to build the

locality where enterprise located...

15. Profit rate compared with capital:

It is ratio between total profit before tax gained by production, financial

activities and other activities of enterprise during a year and average capital of

enterprise during the year.


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Part II

THE BUSINESS RESULTS ON ENTERPRISES IN VIETNAM

A VIEW AFTER 9 YEARS

The Law on Enterprises was passed in 1999, went into force since 01January 2000.This was a mark of great reforms in term of state policy, making a new fair environment for

different types of enterprises in different economic sectors which were increasing rapidly

both in term of quantity and quality.

I.ENTERPRISES WERE DEVELOPING RAPIDLY IN MOST OF TYPES

1. Non state owned enterprises increased most rapidly in term of quantity and

creating new jobs for workers.

Up to 01 January 2009, the number of active non state own enterprises was 196,779

enterprises, accounting for 95.7% total enterprises, 5.6 times as many as that in 2000, theaverage annual growth rate of enterprises was 24.1%.

This sector was providing 4.72 million workers with jobs, which accounted for 57.1%

total jobs among all enterprises, averagely increased 8.7% every year.

This sector was also attracting much foreign direct investment with 42.3% total

investment of enterprises, in which fixed asset made up 36.4% and created 57.5% totalturnover of enterprises in 2008.

In term of business efficiency, though this sector had major share in total number of

enterprises, employees, capital and turnover, the profit before tax and fees paid in 2008 were

of small share, only 16.6% and 30.8% respectively.

Obviously, during 2000-2008, non state owned enterprises mainly developed in termof quantity, created a huge amount of jobs, contributed much to poverty reduction, and social

security for the country. However, the business results also showed that most of theseenterprises are small and medium ones, the business was of low efficiency.

2. Foreign direct investment (FDI) enterprises: although the number of

enterprises was small, they developed rapidly in term of investment size and

particularly they had the highest business efficiency among different types of

enterprises.

Up to 01 January 2009, the number of active FDI enterprises was 5,625, accounting

for 2.7% total enterprises, 5.3 times as many as that in 2000, averagely increased 23.5%

every year.

Although the number of enterprises in this sector was small, it provided jobs to 1.83

million workers, accounting for 22.2% total labour of all enterprises, 4.5 times as many as

that in 2000, averagely attracted more 20.7% workers every year.

In 2008, the investment was only 16.9%, the turnover was only 19.5% among allenterprises, but FDI sector showed the highest business efficiency with profit before tax of


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48.1% and fees paid of 40.4% among all enterprises. Comparing with 2000, the profit in this

sector was 4.9 times higher and the fees paid were 5 times more.

Obviously, during 2000-2008, the FDI sector had a small share in term of number ofenterprises and employees, but the business efficiency was better and better.

3. The State owned enterprise sector is reducing the scope according to theGovernments policy of equitizing and rearranging to make sure that the business

efficiency will be better .

On 01 January 2009, the number of active state owned enterprises was only 3,328,making up the smallest share among the three sectors, with 1.6%, equal to 45% number of

enterprises in 2000.

This sector was attracting about 1.71 million employees, account for 20.7% all

enterprises (while it was about 60% in 2000).

In 2008, in term of efficiency through fees paid over the investment, state owned

enterprises and non state owned enterprises were similar. State owned enterprises accounted

for 40.8% capital resources, contributed 28.8% to the state budget, when these figures of nonstate owned enterprises were 42.3% and 30.8% respectively. However, in term of profit overthe investment, state owned enterprises had better efficiency. The capital sizes of the two

sector were not very different (40.8% and 42.3% of the all enterprises), but state owned

enterprises created 35.3% total profit of enterprises, that figure for non state ownedenterprises was only 16.6%.

Obviously, during 2000-2008, the progress of equitizing and rearranging state owned

enterprises was slow, but this sector was managed and rearranged by the Government to be

more efficient.

II. ENTERPRISES DEVELOPED RAPIDLY IN MOST ECONOMICSECTORS

1. Enterprises in agriculture, forestry and fishery sector were too small, not

appropriate with the development of the economy

On 01 January 2009, the total number of active enterprises in agriculture, forestry and

fishery was 7266 enterprises (including cooperatives performing in this sector), accountingfor about 4.2% of all enterprises. However, this sector only accounted for 4.9% total

employees, 1.2% capital resources, 1.9% fixed asset value, 0.8% turnover, 2.9% profit, and

0.9% fees paid.

Observing the enterprise concentration in two areas: rural areas and urban areas, it

showed that the number of enterprises in rural areas accounted for 30% all enterprises. Inwhich, small and medium enterprises (fewer than 300 employees) accounted for 96.9%, big

enterprises (300 employees or more) only accounted for 3.1%. These figures for enterprises

in urban areas were 70%, 97.3%, and 2.7% respectively.


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The size of enterprises in agriculture, forestry and fishery in our country is very small,

while most of Vietnamese people live on this. Meanwhile, enterprises based in rural areaonly accounted for 30%, while the rural land area was much larger than urban area where the

majority of enterprises based, this affected peoples life and the environment seriously.

The development potential of agriculture, forestry and fishery sector is great. Thereare advantages to develop enterprises; however enterprise development in this area is too tinyto be appropriate with the potential. This requires the managers to plan sound policies to

encourage investment to develop enterprises in this area.

2. Industrial and construction enterprises had the highest share in term of

number of employees and business results.

On 01 January 2009, the number of active enterprises in this sector was 72,021,

accounting for 35% total enterprises, 4.8 times as many as that in 2000, the annual growth

rate was 21.7%.

This sector was employing 5.6 million workers, accounting for 67.4% total labour of

all enterprises, 2.4 times higher than that in 2000, each year it attracted 11.4% more labour.

The capital resources of this sector on 01 January 2009 were 2,336 thousand billion

VN dong, 5.6 times as much as that in 2000, each year it attracted 24% more investment.

In 2008, this sector gained the turnover of 2,220 thousand billion VN dong,

accounting for 38.9% of all enterprises, 6.1 times as much as that in 2000, each year it made25.5% more. The profit of this sector in 2008 was of the highest share with 60.1% turnover

of all enterprises, 4.2 times as much as that in 2000, averagely increased about 20% every

year. This sector also contributed most to the state budget in 2008 with 169.7 thousandbillion VN dong, accounting for 57.8% contribution of all enterprises, 4.4 times as much as

that in 2000, averagely, each year it contributed 20.3% more to the state budget.

3. Trade and service enterprises had the highest share in term of number of

enterprises, capital resources and ranked second in term of business results.

On 01 January 2009, the number of enterprises operating in this sector was the

largest with 125 thousand enterprises, accounting for 60.1% total number of enterprises, 5.2

times more than that in 2000, it averagely increased 22.9% each year.

This sector was employing 2.3 million workers, accounting for 27.6% labour in allenterprises, 2.5 times as many as that in 2000, each year it employed 12% more.

The capital resources of this sector on 01 January 2009 was 4,030 thousand billion

VN dong. 6.1 times more than that in 2000, each year it got 25.1% more.

In 2008, this sector gained the highest turnover with 3449 thousand billion,accounting for 60.2% turnover of all enterprises, 7.9 times as much as that in 2000,


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averagely, it increased 29.4% annually. The profit of this sector in 2008 made up 36.6% of

that of all enterprises, 8.4 times more than that in 2000, averagely, it increased about 30.4%annually. In 2008, this sector contributed 121.5 thousand billion VN dong to the state budget,

accounting for 41.4% of all enterprises, 5.7 times as much as that in 2000, and each year in

contributed 24.4% more.

4. Sectors experiencing the highest growth rate in the past nine years:

(1)Sectors experiencing the highest growth rate in term of number of enterprises:Industries

Average annual

growth rate (%)

E40. Producing and supplying electricity, gas, water 192.6

I64 Post, telecommunication 170.1

L73 Computers related activities 151.0

J67 Activities supporting financial, monetaryactivities

150.9

D30. Producing office equipment, computers 146.0

D37. Recycling 146.0

L72 Equipment/ machinery for rent (no operators)... 142.9

L71 Real estate related activities 141.4

(2)Sectors experiencing the highest growth rate in term of number of employees:Industries

Average annual

growth rate (%)

J67 Activities supporting financial, monetary activities 174.0


L72 Equipment/machinery for rent (no operators)... 140.6

D30 Producing office equipment, computers 129.7

D37 Recycling 127.7

L Activities related to business of estate, consultancy services 125.2

L74 Other business activities 124.6


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(3)Sectors experiencing the highest growth rate in term of number of capital

resources:

IndustriesAverage annual

growth rate (%)


L72 Equipment/ machinery for rent (no operators) 194.3

D37 Recycling 174.3


C13 Mining and quarrying 146.8

J66 Insurance, retirement pension 142.4

D36 Producing furniture (beds, desks, chairs, cabinets) 141.1

D27 Metal production 136.2

L71 Real estate related activities 136.0

(4)Sectors experiencing the highest growth rate in term of number of turnover:

IndustriesAverage annual

growth rate (%)


D37. Recycling 155.5


J66 Insurance, retirement pension (except compulsory social insurance) 147.6

L72 Equipment/ machinery for rent (no operators) 146.8

D27. Metal production 140.0

D36 Producing furniture (beds, desks, chairs, cabinets) 139.4

J. Finance, credit 138.9


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III. ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT IN ECONOMIC REGIONS

1. The South East had the largest business scope and results in the country.

On1 January 2009, this region had 73,885 active enterprises, accounting for 35.9% of

total enterprises in the country, 6 times more than that in 2000, each years there were 25%

more enterprises.

This region was attracting 38.3% employees, 39% capital resources, 51% turnover,

62.6% profit 60.7% fees paid.

Ho Chi Minh City had the largest business scope and results in the South East and in

the country. In this city, on 1 January 2009, there were 58,398 active enterprises, accounting

for 28.4% enterprises in the whole country. This city also had a large share of important

indicators such as: 21.5% employees, 27.4% capital resources, 36% turnover, 18.4% profit

24.8% fees paid.

Ranking the second and the third in the South East were two provinces with similar

scope: Dong Nai and Binh Duong, comparing with the whole country, the proportion is

following:

Dong Nai: number of enterprises was approximately 3%; employees 6.2%; capital

resources 3.8%; turnover 5%; profit 1.6% and contributed to the state budget 4.2%.

Binh Duong: number of enterprises was 2.6%; employees 7.9%; capital resources

3.4%; turnover 4.4%; profit 3.5% and contributed to the state budget 4.0%.

2. Red River delta ranked second in term of business scope and results.

On 1 January 2009, this region had 61,058 active enterprises, accounting for 29.7%

all countrys enterprises, 6.5 times more than that in 2000, each year 26.4% more enterprises

were born.

It was attracting 29.3% employees, 26.8% capital resources, 26.3% turnover, 16.6%

profit, and 22.5% fees paid.

Ha Noi (including former Ha Noi and Ha Tay) ranked second in the country in term

of business scope and results, after Ho Chi Minh City. On 1 January 2009, Ha Noi had

39,507 active enterprises, accounting for 19.2% total enterprises in the country. This country

also had the second largest share in the country (after Ho Chi Minh City) in term of other


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important indicators: 14.9% employees, 19.7% capital resources, 17.2% turnover, 9.8%

profit, and 14.6% fees paid.

3. Central Highlands and the Northern midlands and mountain area were the

two regions with the slowest enterprise development rate among the six economic

regions.

On 1 January 2009, compared with the whole country, the number of enterprises in

the Central Highlands only accounted for 3.2% of the whole country, 2.6% employees, 1.6%

capital resources, 2% turnover, 1.1% profit and 1.1% fees paid. Indicators on enterprise

development of the Northern midlands and mountain areawere also of small proportion, not

much higher than those of the Central highlands: 5.6% number of enterprises, 5.7%

employees, 1.8% capital resources, 2.5% turnover, 1.1% profit, and 1.4% fees paid in

comparison with the whole country.

IV. ENTERPRISES IN VIET NAM DEVELOPED RAPIDLY BUT MAINLY

SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES.

Criteria to for a small and medium enterprise according to the decree No.

56/2009/N-CP dated 30 June 2009 of the Government:

Scope

Sector

Micro

enterprises

Small enterprises Medium enterprises Big enterprise

Employees Capital Employees Capital Employees Capital Employ

I. Agriculture,

forestry and fishery

(A)

10 20

billion

More than

10

to 200

More

than 20

to 100billion

More than

200

to 300

More

than

100billion

More t

300

II. Industry andconstruction (B-F)

10 20billion

More than10

to 200

Morethan 20

to 100

billion

More than200

to 300

Morethan

100

billion

More t300

III. Trade and services

(G-U)

10 10

billion

More than

10

to 50

More

than 10

to 50billion

More than

50

to 100

More

than

50

More t

100

According to the above criteria, the proportion of enterprises in different sizes is

following:


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1. The proportion of enterprises by employment size on 1 January 2009:

Unit: %

Micro

enterprises

Small

enterprises

Medium

enterprise

Big enterprises

Total 61.8 33.1 2.2 2.9

By types:

1. State owned 2.1 35.6 16.5 45.8

2. Non state owned 64.2 32.5 1.7 1.6

3. FDI 12.7 53.8 10.0 23.5

By economic sector:

1. Agriculture, forestryand fishery

38.7 58.3 1.0 2.0

2. Industry and

construction

44.7 48.7 2.1 4.5

3. Trade and services 73.2 22.4 2.3 2.1

Based on the employment size on 1 January 2009, small and micro enterprises in our

country accounted for 94.9% (micro enterprises accounted for 61.8% and small enterprises33.1%), when medium enterprises only accounted for 2.2% and big enterprises accounted for

2.9%.

Among three types of enterprises, Non State owned enterprises had the highest rate ofmicro and small enterprises with 96.7%, while big enterprises only accounted for 1.6%.

State owned enterprises had the highest rate with 45.8%, micro and small enterprises

of this type only accounted for 37.7%.Among the three economic sectors, the sector of enterprises operating in agriculture,

forestry and fishery had the highest proportion of macro and small enterprises with 97%,

while big enterprises were only 2.0%.Enterprises operating in trade, services ranked second with 95.6% macro and small

enterprises, while the number of big enterprises in this sector was 2.1%.

Although industrial and construction enterprise sector only had 4.5% big enterprises,

that was still the highest proportion among the three economic sectors. The proportion ofmicro and small enterprises in this sector was lowest compared with the two other sectors:

93.4%.


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V. VIIET NAM THROUGH ASSESSMENT OF INTERNATIONAL

ORGANIZATIONS.

1. The World Bank and International F inancial Company: according to the

evaluation report on the investment environment of The World Bank (WB) and InternationalFinancial Company (IFC), in 2009, Vietnams economy ranked 93rd among 183 economies,

that was 92/182 in 2008 and 91/178 in 2007. Two indices of loan and contract

implementation were improved remarkably. Loan index ranked 43 in 2008 and 30 in 2009

(improved 13 steps). Contract implementation index improved 10 steps from 42 in 2008 to

32 in 2009. World Bank assessed that Vietnam had considerably improved two areas: tax and

international trade. In the past year, tax rate corporate income reduced from 28% to 25% and

additional tax revenue for the transfer of land was removed. In addition, Vietnam applied

some more customs procedures; which enhanced cross-border trade effectively and

successfully

In general, World Bank assessed that Vietnam had many efforts in improving the

business environment; however, other countries were also continuing to improve their

business environment. Therefore, in the coming years, Vietnam should do more to create a

more favorable business environment to develop enterprises, establishments and to attract

foreign investment.

2. The world economic forum: Vietnam has improved many factors in business

environment.

Global Competitiveness Report of the World Economic Forum (WEF) had shown the

overall picture of factors impacting business environment in each economy and the ability of

each country to reach sustainable growth and development.

Report on global competitiveness 2009-2010 assessing 75 over 133 countries showed

that in 2009 Vietnam improved many criteria, especially the market size (ranked 38), labormarket efficiency (ranked 38), many specific criteria were high ranking. However, only the

index of general competitiveness of Vietnam 2009 was improved and reduced 5 levels

compared with 2008, mainly due to index of macroeconomic stability dropped from 70 to

112 which had a strong impact on the economy and competitiveness


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Although the index of global general competitiveness of Vietnam in 2009 had not

been improved, the World Economic Forum still evaluated that Vietnam had made great

progress in improving the competitiveness since 2001(first year Vietnam was ranked by the

World Economic Forum), even in the medium and long term, Vietnam had many strengths

and had high growth potential for the coming years.

For renovation and creativity Indices, Vietnam ranked relatively high at 55, with 2

levels higher than 2008 and 9 levels higher than 2007. While renovation and creativity

Indices include 7 component Indices, in which index on Biddings on high technology

products of the Government, Vietnam ranked rather high (ranked 11). Besides, index on

renovation capacity, enterprises expenditure for R&D were also assessed fairly high.

However, index on utility patent of Vietnam which ranked 90/133, showed that the

researching capacity of utility patent, products was not appropriated with the research and

development capacity. Therefore, it should be improved more effectively to renew

comprehensively in the coming years.

3. Uni ted Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD): Vietnam

was one of top 15 countries in attracting FDI in the world.

According to the survey of the UNCTAD, 5 most attractive countries to FDI in the

world in 2009 included China, The United State, India, Brazil and Russia. Vietnam was one

of the top 15 countries in attracting FDI in the world in the period of 2009-2011. Besides, the

report also showed that Vietnam was still one of the top 6 countries attracting investors from

Japan and developing countries in Asia.

4. Uni ted Kingdom Bank: According to the Report in 2010 of the United Kinhdom

Bank, Vietnam was ranked the third among 117 countries (after Saudi Arabia and India)

about Index of the Business Belief.

In general, all international organizations thought that Vietnam had implementedmany policies to improve the business environment in recent years such as: innovation on

administrative procedures, supplementation and amendment on legal status related to

business environment, renovation on tax system However, many fields still need reforming

to enhance the national competitiveness capacity to impact positively on the business

Phan 0 . Phan Chung

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