Pedestrian Safety Countermeasures Deployment and Evaluation: Las Vegas Case Study Shashi Nambisan...
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![Page 1: Pedestrian Safety Countermeasures Deployment and Evaluation: Las Vegas Case Study Shashi Nambisan Director, InTrans & Professor of Civil Engineering Iowa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649d165503460f949ec10d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Pedestrian Safety Countermeasures Deployment and Evaluation: Las Vegas Case
StudyShashi Nambisan
Director, InTrans & Professor of Civil EngineeringIowa State University ([email protected])
Srinivas Pulugurtha, The University of North Carolina at CharlotteMukund Dangeti, University of Nevada, Las VegasVinod Vasudevan, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
FHWA’sPedestrian Safety Web Conference
Washington, DCMay 28, 2009
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Goals
• Improve pedestrian safety, minimize risk
• Identify, develop, deploy, and evaluate countermeasures
• Case Study: Las Vegas metro area, Nevada
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Introduction
• Significant growth for 20+ years
• Wide, fast street grid network High posted & operational vehicle speeds
• Widely used transit system
• High risk conditions for pedestrians
• Demographics Population ~ 1.8 million Diversity: age, race
• 85 percent of the crashes involved locals
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Pedestrian Crashes (2003 – 2006)4
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Methodology
• Identify candidate locations GIS based analysis Site characteristics Problem characteristics
• Develop, deploy, & evaluate countermeasures
• Measures of effectiveness
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Study Design
• Before and after Studies
• Comparative studies (with control group)
• Data collection ( ~18,000 pedestrians)
• Statistical analysesParametricNon-parametric
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Study Locations
• Top priority / high risk locations Crash index and crash rank
• Site selection: 18 locations Includes 4 control locations Excluded the resort Corridor (The “Strip” and
its proximity)
• Different jurisdictions City of Las Vegas City of North Las Vegas Clark County Nevada Dept of Transportation (State)
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Study Locations
Control PointsHigh Pedestrian Risk Locations
R!
Major Streets0 0.7 1.4 2.10.35Miles /
! !R
R !9 10
13 14 15 16
1817
12 11
! R7 8
!!R
123
R !6 5 4
!!
SAHARA AV
CAREY AV
FLAMINGO RD
TROPICANA AV
WASHINGTON AV
JON
ES
BLV
D
OWENS AVN
ELLIS
BLV
D
CHARLESTON BLVD
DE
CA
TU
R B
LV
D
VEGAS DR
STEWART AV
LAKE MEAD BLVD
PA
RA
DIS
E R
D
BR
UC
E S
T
MA
RY
LA
ND
PK
WY
MA
RTIN
L K
ING
BLV
D
VEGAS VALLEY DR
SMOKE RANCH RD
PE
CO
S R
D
DESERT INN RD
BONANZA RD
TWAIN AV4TH
ST
TWAIN AV
US 95
PE
CO
S R
D
DESERT INN RD
PE
CO
S R
D
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Selection of Countermeasures
• Site characteristics Geometric conditions Operating conditions Light conditions Demographics Land-use
• Costs
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Countermeasures
• Engineering based countermeasures
• ITS based countermeasures
• Others
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Advanced Warning Signs / Yield Markings11
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High Visibility Crosswalk Treatment
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In-Roadway Knockdown Signs13
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Portable Speed Trailer14
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Turning Vehicles Yield to Pedestrians
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Danish Offset and Median Refuge16
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Pedestrian Activated Flashers17
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Automatic Pedestrian Detection and Smart Lighting
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Pedestrian Buttons that Confirm “Call”
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Pedestrian Channelization20
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ITS No-Turn on Red Blank out Signs
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Pedestrian Countdown Timers with Animated Eyes
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Measures of Effectiveness / Statistical Tests• Pedestrian
Using the crosswalk Captured / diverted Looking for cars before crossing Trapped in the middle of the street Pedestrian-vehicle Conflicts Pedestrian waiting for signal to cross Delay
• Driver Yielding behavior, distance Blocking crosswalk Speed
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Speed Trailer Site Information24
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Speed Trailer and Vehicle Speeds
35.0
40.0
31.5 31.9
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
Direction of Traffic
Av
era
ge
Sp
eed
(m
ph
)
Before After
54.6 kph
50.7 kph
64.3 kph
51.3 kph
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Speed Trailer: Vehicle Speeds Analysis
MOE
Baseline vs. Stage 1 Baseline vs. Stage 2
DeltaMeanSpeed
P-value H0
DeltaMeanSpeed
P-value H0
H0: Vbefore= Vafter vs. Ha: Vafter< Vbefore
Eastbound mph
(kmph)
5.5(8.9)
<0.001 Reject8.1
(13.0)<0.001 Reject
Westbound mph
(kmph)
6.5(10.5)
<0.001 Reject3.7
(6.0)<0.001 Reject
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Speed Trailer: Analysis of Pedestrians
(Safety) Measures of Effectiveness
Baseline Stage 1 Stage 2
Sample = 165 Sample = 47 Sample = 156
Percent Percent Percent
% pedestrians who look for vehicles before beginning to cross
80 100 100
% pedestrians who look for vehicles before crossing 2nd half of street
85 100 100
% pedestrians trapped in the roadway
41 34 37
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Highly Effective Countermeasures
Description CostAdvanced Yield Markings for Motorists Low
In-roadway Knockdown Signs Low
Pedestrian Countdown Signals with Animated Eyes
Medium
Danish Offset High
Median Refuge High
Portable Speed Trailer High
Pedestrian Activated Flashing Yellow High
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Moderately Effective Countermeasures
Description CostPedestrian Call buttons that Confirm Call (Visible/Audible confirmation)
Low
Turning Vehicles Yield to Pedestrians Low
ITS No-Turn on Red Signs Medium
ITS Automatic Pedestrian Detection Devices
High
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Countermeasures with Low Effectiveness
Description CostWarning Signs for Motorists Low
High Visibility Crosswalk Treatment Medium
Pedestrian Channelization High
Smart Lighting High
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Summary
• Significant overall benefits Pedestrian Driver
• Permitting & deployment considerations
• Administrative / jurisdictional hurdles
• Vendor / procurement difficulties
• Education needs: pedestrians, motorists
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Acknowledgments
• US Dept of Transp., Federal Highway Admin
• Nevada Dept of Transportation
• Nevada Office of Traffic Safety
• Regional Transp Commission of So. Nevada
• Clark County, Nevada
• City of Las Vegas
• UNLV TRC: students, staff
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