Overview of CO2 emissions in the Arab Region: National ... · Overview of CO2 emissions in the Arab...

Overview of CO2 emissions in the Arab

Region: National versus Sectoral

Emissions

Hammamet

December, 2013

Economic Development and Globalisation Division

1. Introduction

2. World Regions and CO2 Emissions

3. Arab MDG Report: Goal 7

4. Performance of Arab Countries

– Total CO2 emissions

– CO2 emissions growth

– CO2 emissions from transport

– Sectoral CO2 emissions

5. Arab Survey on INLAND TRANSPORT CO2 EMISSIONS

6. Conclusions

Outline

Introduction

Climate change has emerged as an important threat to

economic development, environment, and public health

The transport sector contributes 13% of global GHG and

23% of energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions

Three-fourths of transportation-related emissions are

from road traffic.

Emissions from transportation are rising faster than from

other energy-using sectors and are predicted to grow

globally by 80% from 2007 and 2030.

Empirical analysis suggests that national commitment

is significantly affected by the national government’s

incentives

Sectoral Radiative Forcing due to perpetual constant

year 2000 emissions

An assessment

of total climate

impact due to

emissions from

major sectors –

Power and On-

road

transportation are

estimated to

exert the largest

net positive

radiative forcing

effect on the

climate

Share of transport CO2 emissions in world regions

and countries

Share of

transport CO2

emissions in the

Middle East

resemble the

world share

Approximately

double shares of

biggest growing

economies such

as China, India

and Russia

Growth of CO2 Emissions 1990-2009

(Transport and Total)

Middle East has

shown a growth

of over 100% in

CO2 emissions

(both total and

transport)

Ranks 2nd after

China in growth

during the period

1990-2009

ARAB MDG 2013: Goal 7: CO2 Emissions

CO2 Emissions (KT) 2000 -2010

0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000 450,000 500,000

Algeria

Bahrain

Egypt, Arab Rep.

Iraq

Jordan

Libya

Lebanon

Kuwait

Morocco

Oman

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

Sudan

Syrian Arab Republic

Tunisia

United Arab Emirates

Yemen, Rep.

West Bank and Gaza

2010

2000

CO2 Emissions (KT) 2000 -2010

Growth

40%

30%

45%

58%

34%

25%

33%

70%

49%

161%

103%

56%

156%

21%

30%

49%

49%

199%

Algeria

Bahrain

Egypt, Arab Rep.

Iraq

Jordan

Libya

Lebanon

Kuwait

Morocco

Oman

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

Sudan


Tunisia


Yemen, Rep.

West Bank and Gaza

CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) 2000-2010

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Algeria

Bahrain

Egypt, Arab Rep.

Iraq

Jordan

Libya

Lebanon

Kuwait

Morocco

Oman

Qatar

Saudi Arabia


Sudan

Tunisia


Yemen, Rep.

West Bank and Gaza

2010

2000

CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) 2000-2010

Growth

CO2 emissions (kg per 2005 US$ of GDP)

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Algeria

Bahrain

Egypt, Arab Rep.

Iraq

Jordan

Libya

Lebanon

Kuwait

Morocco

Oman

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

Sudan


Tunisia


Yemen, Rep.

West Bank and Gaza

2010

2000

CO2 emissions from transport (million metric tons)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Algeria

Bahrain

Egypt, Arab Rep.

Iraq

Jordan

Libya

Lebanon

Kuwait

Morocco

Oman

Qatar

Saudi Arabia


Sudan

Tunisia


Yemen, Rep.

2010

2000

CO2 emissions from transport (million metric tons)

Growth

Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage

(current 1000 US$)

- 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 3,000,000 3,500,000 4,000,000

Algeria

Bahrain

Egypt, Arab Rep.

Iraq

Jordan

Libya

Lebanon

Kuwait

Morocco

Oman

Qatar

Saudi Arabia


Sudan

Tunisia


Yemen, Rep.

West Bank and Gaza

2010

2000

Co2 Emissions per Sector (% of total fuel combustion)

MAGHREB 2010

Transport 36%

Residential buildings and commercial and public services

17%

Other sectors 9%

Manufacturing industries and construction

23%

Electricity and heat

production 15%

MOROCCO

Transport 34%


24%

Other sectors 10%


27%


production 5%

TUNISIA

Transport 37%


13%

Other sectors

13%


34%


production 3%

ALGERIA

Transport 60%


12%

Other sectors 4%


24%


production 0%

LIBYA


MASHREQ 2010

Transport 28%


12%

Other sectors 0%


8%


production 52%

IRAQ

Transport 28%


10% Other sectors 2%


12%


production 48%

JORDAN

Transport 27% Residential

buildings and commercial and public services

6% Other

sectors 0% Manufacturing

industries and construction

7%


production 60%

LEBANON

Transport 21%


10% Other

sectors 4% Manufacturing

industries and construction

15%


production 50%

SYRIA


GCC 2010

Transport 13%


1%

Other sectors

0%


17% Electricity and heat

production 69%

KUWAIT

Transport 17%


0% Other sectors 0%


44%


production 39%

UAE

Transport 14%


0% Other sectors

0%


33%


production 53%

QATAR

Transport 24%

Residential buildings

and commercial and public services

1%

Other sectors

0%


19%


production 56%

SAUDI ARABIA

QUESTIONNAIRE ON INLAND TRANSPORT CO2

EMISSIONS

71%

57% 57%

43%

57%

Do you have a strategy ora target?

If yes, is this strategy ortarget consistent with your

country's internationalobligations?

Have you implementedlegal instrument(s)?

Have you had effective orpositive results?

Do you have policymeasures in preparation?

A. To reduce inland transport CO2 emissions in your country or region


EMISSIONS

57% 57%

Do you use national or regional procedure/approachto collect the data?

Could such statistical data be made available for theUnited Nations?

B. Regarding statistical data collection on inland transport CO2 emissions


EMISSIONS

29%

43% 43%

Do you use specific mathematical models/toolsfor the different transport modes?

Would it be possible to use your models/toolsfor the purpose of the United Nations

Development Account project?

Could your models/tools assess greenhousegases other than CO2?

C. For the assessment of local/national/regional inland transport CO2 emissions

71%

29% 29%

0%

57%

have you performedstudies on the possibility

to reduce CO2 emissions?

have you developed anybest practice to implementsuch measures (e.g. with

a simulationmodel/various policies)?

have you implementedsuch policy measures ona local/national/regional

level?

have you evaluated theeffectiveness of these

measures?

Are you planning furthermeasures on a

local/national/regionallevel?

D. Regarding policy measures on the reduction of inland transport CO2 emissions


EMISSIONS

Conclusions

Conclusions

1. Middle East has shown a growth of over 100% in CO2 emissions

(both total and transport)

2. CO2 emissions in the Arab region have doubled since the 1990s

lead by GCC and Mashreq countries

3. Saudi Arabia leads in CO2 emissions in KT. However, fastest

growth in CO2 emissions and per capita are Palestine, Oman and

Sudan

4. Oman and Iraq have the highest CO2 emissions (kg per 2005 US$

of GDP)

5. Saudi Arabia has the largest CO2 emissions from transport (million

metric tons). However, Qatar currently has fastest growth rate

Conclusions

5. The composition of Co2 Emissions per Sector (% of total fuel

combustion) shows a very specific block (Mashreq, GCC, Maghreb)

6. QUESTIONNAIRE ON INLAND TRANSPORT CO2 EMISSIONS

• 7 out of 14 respondents answered

• 71% have a strategy

• 57% implemented legal instruments

• 43% have had positive results

• 57% have statistical data

• 29% use specific models/tools for assessment

• 29% implemented policy measures on a local scale

• 0% evaluated the effectiveness of the policy measures

Thank you!

“Be the change you want to see in

the world.” – Mahatma Gandhi

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