Orthographic Projectection

7/30/2019 Orthographic Projectection

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Funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed

are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

Orthographic Projection of

Inclined and Curved Surfaces

Prepared by: Sheryl Sorby, Ph.D.

Amy Hamlin, Ph.D.Norma Veurink


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Orthographic Projection

Orthographic Projection Normal Surfaces Hidden Lines Isometric Sketching from Orthographic

Projections


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Orthographic Projection (pp.16-18)

Imagine an objectis surrounded by aglass cube.

The object's

surfaces areprojected onto thefaces.


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Fold lines

Unfold the cubeso that it lies in asingle plane

Three views of the

object are nowvisible on thesame plane inspace


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When the glass cube isunfolded:

Front view: Height and Width

Top view: Width and Depth

Right view: Depth and Height H

H

W

W

D

D


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Align views with each other (features projectfrom one view to the next)


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Parallel to one of the six glass panes of ourtransparent cube

Perpendicular (normal) to the projectors to/from thatplane

Shown true size andshape in the view thatthey are parallel to

Seen as edges (lines)in the other principal

views

Surface A appears asedge 1 and 4 in top &right views

Surface B appears asedges 2 and 3

A

B

Edge 1

Edge 2

Edge 3

Edge 4

Orthographic Projection:

Normal SurfacesB

A


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Some object have edges which cannot beseen from certain viewing angles

Showing these edges provides valuablegraphical information

Visible edges are continuous (solid) lines(object lines)

Hidden edges are dashed lines (hidden lines)to avoid confusing them with visible edges


Hidden Lines


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Hidden Lines

Hidden Line (Dashedlines; can't be seen in

that view)

Visible Line (Solid

lines, can be seenin a given view,aka: Object Lines)


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2 3

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DemonstrationMake an orthographic sketch, by sketching top, front andright side views of the object shown below.


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Sometimes you are asked to constructIsometric sketches from Orthographic viewsto develop visualization skills.

The box method is one way to do this.

For some problems, the box method maynot be very helpful.


Isometric Sketches fromOrthographic Views

r ograp c ro ec on


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1. Find the object's overall dimensions from theorthographic views and sketch that size boxon isometric dot paper.

r ograp c ro ec on:


D

H

W

r ograp c ro ec on:


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2. Sketch the top, front, and right side views intheir appropriate locations on the box.

r ograp c ro ec on:


r ograp c ro ec on:


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3. Add/remove lines until the view is complete.

r ograp c ro ec on:



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3 1

2 2

1

2

In-class ExerciseDraw the isometric sketch from the orthographic views shown below.For the second object, draw the isometric sketch of the coded plan,

and then draw the orthographic views from the isometric sketch.

Front


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Computer Module Orthographic

Projections Complete the software module on

Orthographic Projections


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Homework Assignment

From the workbook: Pages: 19-20, 23-26, 29-30, 33-36, 41-42

Orthographic Projectection

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