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Funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed
are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
Orthographic Projection of
Inclined and Curved Surfaces
Prepared by: Sheryl Sorby, Ph.D.
Amy Hamlin, Ph.D.Norma Veurink
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Orthographic Projection
Orthographic Projection Normal Surfaces Hidden Lines Isometric Sketching from Orthographic
Projections
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Orthographic Projection (pp.16-18)
Imagine an objectis surrounded by aglass cube.
The object's
surfaces areprojected onto thefaces.
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Orthographic Projection
Fold lines
Unfold the cubeso that it lies in asingle plane
Three views of the
object are nowvisible on thesame plane inspace
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Orthographic Projection
When the glass cube isunfolded:
Front view: Height and Width
Top view: Width and Depth
Right view: Depth and Height H
H
W
W
D
D
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Orthographic Projection
Align views with each other (features projectfrom one view to the next)
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Parallel to one of the six glass panes of ourtransparent cube
Perpendicular (normal) to the projectors to/from thatplane
Shown true size andshape in the view thatthey are parallel to
Seen as edges (lines)in the other principal
views
Surface A appears asedge 1 and 4 in top &right views
Surface B appears asedges 2 and 3
A
B
Edge 1
Edge 2
Edge 3
Edge 4
Orthographic Projection:
Normal SurfacesB
A
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Some object have edges which cannot beseen from certain viewing angles
Showing these edges provides valuablegraphical information
Visible edges are continuous (solid) lines(object lines)
Hidden edges are dashed lines (hidden lines)to avoid confusing them with visible edges
Orthographic Projection:
Hidden Lines
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Orthographic Projection:
Hidden Lines
Hidden Line (Dashedlines; can't be seen in
that view)
Visible Line (Solid
lines, can be seenin a given view,aka: Object Lines)
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2 3
1 1
DemonstrationMake an orthographic sketch, by sketching top, front andright side views of the object shown below.
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Sometimes you are asked to constructIsometric sketches from Orthographic viewsto develop visualization skills.
The box method is one way to do this.
For some problems, the box method maynot be very helpful.
Orthographic Projection:
Isometric Sketches fromOrthographic Views
r ograp c ro ec on
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1. Find the object's overall dimensions from theorthographic views and sketch that size boxon isometric dot paper.
r ograp c ro ec on:
Isometric Sketches fromOrthographic Views
D
H
W
r ograp c ro ec on:
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2. Sketch the top, front, and right side views intheir appropriate locations on the box.
r ograp c ro ec on:
Isometric Sketches fromOrthographic Views
r ograp c ro ec on:
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3. Add/remove lines until the view is complete.
r ograp c ro ec on:
Isometric Sketches fromOrthographic Views
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3 1
2 2
1
2
In-class ExerciseDraw the isometric sketch from the orthographic views shown below.For the second object, draw the isometric sketch of the coded plan,
and then draw the orthographic views from the isometric sketch.
Front
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Computer Module Orthographic
Projections Complete the software module on
Orthographic Projections
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Homework Assignment
From the workbook: Pages: 19-20, 23-26, 29-30, 33-36, 41-42
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