Operatig System Tutorial Level3

IT-020-3(3) OPERATING SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

Prepared By; [email protected]


What is an Operating System?

• It has one set of tasks to perform• controls the operation of a computer• directs the input and output of data • keeps track of files• controls the processing of computer programs• managing the functioning of the computer

hardware • running the applications programs • serving as an interface between the computer and

the user • and allocating computer resources to various

functions

• It has one set of tasks to perform• controls the operation of a computer• directs the input and output of data • keeps track of files• controls the processing of computer programs• managing the functioning of the computer

hardware • running the applications programs • serving as an interface between the computer and

the user • and allocating computer resources to various

functions Prepared By;

[email protected]

http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/computer

http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/computer

The computer's master control program


How Operating Systems Work

• An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer.


What is software?• Software is any set of instructions that performs

some task on a computer • The operating system performs many essential

tasks for your computer. -controls the memory needed for computer

processes. -manages disk space. -controls peripheral devices. -and allows you to communicate with the

computer.• Without an operating system, a computer is

useless.


An operating system performs the following functions.

• User Interface

• Job Management

• Task Management

• Data Management

• Device Management

• Security


The Operating System's Job

• Windows Operating System Loading boot your computer

VS

OS Loading Mac OS Loading


http://www.microsoft.com/windows/default.aspx

You know what that means? • Booting is the process that occurs when press

the power button to turn computer on. • The operating system loads.

In the points:• Controlling the way in which the computer

functions• Responsible for managing the computer's

hardware and software resources.


Vista Desktop

• big share of the operating system market • over 90% of computer users have


Mac OS X Desktop

• almost 7.5% percent of the operating systems market as of March 2008

• Mac computers are sleek and modern looking Prepared By;

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Desktop Version of Linux • Linux is an open source• Unlike Windows and Mac OS• Linux was started in the 1990s• originally created by Linus Torvalds • create various versions of the Linux operating system • represents under 1% of the market share for home users


Two popular distributions of the software

• Ubuntu and Red Hat

Ubuntu is completely free - specifically for home users - perfect for laptops, desktops and servers

Red Hat is a company - offers technical and training support for

businesses


http://www.ubuntu.com/

http://www.redhat.com/

You may work on :

• A Word document

• print an email

• And Internet browser open for web surfing

These three programs need attention from the (CPU):

- To do whatever task that you

- The user

- Are telling it to do


• need memory and storage

• be able to send messages

• responsible for handling processor and network management.


Types of Operating Systems

• Three most common Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux Logos Operating systems


Start Menu on Windows

• User Interface• Graphical User Interface (GUI) • allows the user to interact with the

computer • Instead typing a command that tell the

computer what to do• you can use graphical icons and text on

the GUI to instruct the computer to perform a task

• Operating systems may support optional interfaces


Let's take a look at the graphical user interfaces of three popular operating systems.

• Microsoft Windows• Microsoft created the operating system, Windows, in the

mid-1980s. They have a version of the operating system that is designed for the home user, and a professional version, which is intended for businesses. The versions differ in the depth of networking, security, and multimedia support.


Job Management

• controls the order and time in which programs are run

• is more sophisticated in the mainframe environment

• where scheduling the daily work has always been routine

• job control language (JCL) was developed decades ago


Task Management

• Multitasking ability to simultaneously execute multiple programs

• necessary for keeping several applications open at the same time

• multiple programs can be running at the same time

• Multitasking ability to simultaneously execute multiple programs

• necessary for keeping several applications open at the same time

• multiple programs can be running at the same time


Data Management

• keeps track of the data on disk, tape and optical storage devices .

• application program deals with data by file name and a particular

• knows where that data are physically stored (which sectors on disk)

• and interaction between the application and operating system is through the programming interface

• an application needs to read or write data (API)Prepared By; [email protected]

Device Management

• controls peripheral devices

• requires drivers for the peripherals attached to the computer

• routine that knows how to deal with each device

• When a new peripheral is added, device's driver is installed into the operating system


Security

• provide password protection to keep unauthorized users out of the system

• maintain activity logs and accounting • provide backup and recovery routines

• provide password protection to keep unauthorized users out of the system

• maintain activity logs and accounting • provide backup and recovery routines


History• operating systems were developed in the

late 1950s to manage tape storage

- (programmers mostly wrote their own I/O routines)

• In the mid-1960s, operating systems became essential to manage disks - (complex timesharing and multitasking systems)

• Today, all multi-purpose computers from desktop to mainframe use an operating system. Consumer electronics devices increasingly use an OS.

• operating systems were developed in the late 1950s to manage tape storage

- (programmers mostly wrote their own I/O routines)

• In the mid-1960s, operating systems became essential to manage disks - (complex timesharing and multitasking systems)

• Today, all multi-purpose computers from desktop to mainframe use an operating system. Consumer electronics devices increasingly use an OS.


Common Operating Systems • The primary operating systems

-Windows (Windows 98, XP, Vista)-Macintosh OS X -Linux -Unix -i5/OS (IBM iSeries) -z/OS (IBM zSeries mainframes)

• DOS is still used for some applications (special-purpose operating systems)

• The primary operating systems -Windows (Windows 98, XP, Vista)-Macintosh OS X -Linux -Unix -i5/OS (IBM iSeries) -z/OS (IBM zSeries mainframes)

• DOS is still used for some applications (special-purpose operating systems)


What is firmware?

• combination of software and hardware - Computer chips that have data or programs

recorded on them are firmware- Firmware is software that is embedded in a piece of

hardware These chips commonly include the following:• ROMs (read-only memory) • PROMs (programmable read-only memory) • EPROMs (erasable programmable read-only

memory) - Firmware in PROM or EPROM - firmware upgrade to diskette and flash the BIOS Prepared By;

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System and Application Software

• This diagram shows how the major system software interacts with applications in memory.

• System software comprises the programs that support the running of applications (operating system, DBMS, TP monitor and access methods).


Binary code

• Code used in digital computers

• off and on / usually symbolized by 0 and 1

• A binary code signal is a series of electrical pulses that represent numbers, characters, and operations to be performed


Bit

• BInary digiT • A binary digit • smallest element of computer storage • single digit in a binary number (0 or 1) • magnetic domain on disk or tape • The most common is the byte • made up of 8 bits and equivalent to one

alphanumeric character


• (BInary digiT) The smallest element of computer storage.

• It is positive or negative magnetic spot on disk and tape and charged cell in memory.


• transmitted as a pulse of high or low voltage • Speed is increased by making the transistors

open and close faster


Software• Instructions that tell a computer what to do. Software is the entire

set of programs, procedures, and routines associated with the operation of a computer system, including the operating system.

• The term differentiates these features from hardware, the physical components of a computer system. Two main types of software are system software, which controls a computer's internal functioning, and application software, which directs the computer to execute commands that solve practical problems.

• A third category is network software, which coordinates communication between computers linked in a network. Software is written by programmers in any number of programming languages.

• This information, the source code, must then be translated by means of a compiler into machine language, which the computer can understand and act on.


For more information

• visit Britannica.com. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Copyright ©

1994-2008 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.


Operatig System Tutorial Level3

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