October 21, 2004U.S. National Cybersecurity U.S. Cybersecurity Policy Lecture by: Dan Wendlandt MS&E...
-
Upload
stephen-morris -
Category
Documents
-
view
228 -
download
0
Transcript of October 21, 2004U.S. National Cybersecurity U.S. Cybersecurity Policy Lecture by: Dan Wendlandt MS&E...
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
U.S. Cybersecurity U.S. Cybersecurity PolicyPolicy
Lecture by: Dan Wendlandt
MS&E 91SIAutumn 2004
Stanford University
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
Outline:I. Cybersecurity Policy Then & Now
A. Brief HistoryB. Current Gov’t ActorsC. Recent Legislation (SOX, HIPPA)
II. National Strategy to Secure CyberspaceA. Intro to the PlanB. Critical Priorities
1. Response System2. Threat & Vulnerability Reduction3. Awareness & Training Program4. Securing Gov’t. Cyberspace5. National Security and International Cooperation.
III. Critiques of the National PlanIV. Discussion Activity
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
Gov’t Cybersecurity: Then
1996: President Clinton established the President’s Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection (PCCIP). “Critical Foundations” Report.
1998:Clinton administration issued Presidential Decision Directive 63 (PDD63). Creates :- National Infrastructure Protection Center (NIPC) in FBI– Critical Infrastructure Assurance Office (CIAO) in Dept. of Commerce
2001: After 9/11 Bush creates:
- Office of Cyberspace Security (Richard Clarke) - President’s Critical Infrastructure Protection Board (PCIPB)
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
Gov’t Cybersecurity: Now
Nov. 2002:Cybersecurity duties consolidated under DHS -> Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection Division (IAIP) . Exact role of cybersecurity unclear?
June 2003:National Cyber Security Division (NCSD) created under IAIP. Headed by Amit Yoran from Symantec, the role of the NCSD is to conducting cyberspace analysis, issue alerts and warning, improve information sharing, respond to major incidents, and aid in national-level recovery efforts .
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
Gov’t Cybersecurity: Now
Sept. 2003:The United States-Computer Emergency Readiness Team (US-CERT) is the United States government coordination point for bridging public and private sector institutions.
Oct. 2004: Yoran steps down citing frustration with a perceived lack of attention and funding given to cybersecurity issues. He is replace by deputy Andy Purdy and the debate over the position of cybersecurity within DHS Continues.
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
Other Gov’t Actors
House: - Select Committee on Homeland Security -> Subcommittee on
Cybersecurity, Science, Research & Development (Adam Putnam, R-FL)
- Science Committee (Sherwood Boehlert, R-NY)
Senate:
- Committee on Government Affairs (Susan Collins, R-ME )
In Congress:
Funding is major issue.
Support is often bi-partisan
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
Other Gov’t Actors
FBI
Dept. of Defense NSA
Secret ServiceThe usual suspects:
and don’t forget:
Dept. Commerce / NIST
Office of ManagementAnd Budget (OMB)
Dept. of Treasury
SEC
and more...
DOE
FCC
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
The Big Picture
What’s the Point?
Complex web of interactions. There are many different government actors with their own interests and specialties
No complete top-down organization
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
Recent Legislation: HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Goal:Secure protected health information (PHI),
What it is: - Not specific to computer security at all, but set forth
standards governing much of which is on computers. - Insure confidentiality, integrity and availability of all electronic protected health care information- Comprehensive: ALL employees must be trained.- Does not mandate specific technologies, but makes all “covered entities” potentially subject to litigation.
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
Recent Legislation: SOX
Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)
Goal:
Verify the integrity of financial statements and information of publicly traded companies.
What it is:
- Since information systems support most corporate finance systems, this translates to requirements for maintaining sufficient info security.
- Threat of jail time for executives has spurred a significant investment in corporate info security.
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
What are critical infrastructures?
Critical Infrastructures are public and private institutions in the following sectors:
Agriculture, food, water, public health, emergency services, government, defense industrial base, information and telecommunications, energy, transportation, banking and finance, chemicals and hazardous materials, and postal and shipping.
Essentially: What makes America tick.
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
Why Cyberspace?
“Cyberspace is composed of hundreds of thousands of interconnected computers, servers, routers, switches and fiber optic cables that allow our critical infrastructure to work”
[ NSSC: p. vii ]
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
What is the Threat?
“Our primary concern is the threat of organized cyber attacks capable of causing debilitating disruption to our Nation’s critical infrastructures, economy, or national security”
[ NSSC: p. viii ]
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
The Threat in Detail
“Our primary concern is the threat of organized cyber attacks capable of causing debilitating disruption to our Nation’s critical infrastructures, economy, or national security”
[ NSSC: p. viii ]
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
What is the Threat?
Peacetime: - gov’t and corporate espionage- mapping to prepare for an attack
Wartime:
- intimidate leaders by attacking critical infrastructures or eroding public confidence in our information systems.
Is this the right threat model? What about:- impairing our ability to respond- economic war of attrition
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
Government’s Role (part I)
“In general, the private sector is best equipped and structured to respond to an evolving cyber-threat” [NSSC p ix]
“federal regulation will not become a primary means of securing cyberspace … the market itself is expected to provide the major impetus to improve cybersecurity” [NSSC p 15 ]
“with greater awareness of the issues, companies can benefit from increasing their levels of cybersecurity. Greater awareness and voluntary efforts are critical components of the NSSC.” [NSSC p 10]
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
Government’s Role (part I)
Public-private partnership is the centerpiece of plan to protect largely privately own infrastructure.
In practice:
Look at use of “encourage”, “voluntary” and “public-private” in text of document.
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
Government’s Role (part II)
However, Government does have a role when:
• high costs or legal barriers cause problems for private industry
• securing its own cyberspace
• interacting with other governments on cybersecurity
• incentive problems leading to under provisioning of shared resources
• raising awareness
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
Critical Priorities for Cyberspace Security:
I. Security Response System
II. Threat & Vulnerability Reduction Program
III. Awareness & Training Program
IV. Securing Government’s Cyberspace
V. National Security & International Cooperation
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
Priority I: Security Response System
Goals:
1) Create an architecture for responding to national-level cyber incidents
a) Vulnerability analysisb) Warning Systemc) Incident Managementd) Response & Recovery
2) Encourage Cybersecurity Information Sharing using ISACS and other mechanisms
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
Priority I Initiative: US-CERT (2003)
Goal:
Coordinate defense against and response to cyber attacks and promote information sharing.
What is does:
- CERT = Computer Emergency Readiness Team
- Contact point for industry and ISACs into the DHS and other gov’t cybersecurity offices.
- National Cyber Alert System
- Still new, role not clearly defined
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
Priority I Initiative: Critical Infrastructure Info. Act of 2002
Goal:
Reduce vulnerability of current critical infrastructure systems
What is does:
Allows the DHS to receive and protect voluntarily submitted information about vulnerabilities or security attacks involving privately owned critical infrastructure. The Act protects qualifying information from disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act.
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
Priority II: Threat & Vulnerability Reduction Program
Goals:
1) Reduce Threat & Deter Malicious Actorsa) enhanced law enforcementb) National Threat Assessment
2) Identify & Remediate Existing Vuln’sa) Secure Mechanisms of the Internetb) Improve SCADA systemsc) Reduce software vulnerabilitiesd) Improve reliability & security of physical
infrastructure3) Develop new, more secure technologies
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
Priority II Initiative : sDNS & sBGP
Goal:
To develop and deploy new protocols that improve the security of the Internet infrastructure.
What is does:
DHS is providing funding and working with Internet standards bodies to help design and implement these new protocols, which have been stalled for some time.
Adoption strategy remains a largely untackled hurdle.
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
Priority II Initiative : Cyber Security R&D Act (2002)
Goal:
Promote research and innovation for technologies relating to cybersecurity and increase the number of experts in the field.
What is does:
Dedicated more than $900 million over five years to security research programs and creates fellowships for the study of cybersecurity related topics.
Recent release of BAA from SRI shows technical priorities for developing systems to reduce overall vulnerabilities.
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
Priority III: Security Awareness and Training Program
Goals:
1) Awareness* for home/small business, enterprises, universities, industrial sectors and government
2) Developing more training & certificationprogram to combat a perceived workforce
deficiency.
* this means vastly different things for different audiences
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
A Short Digression…
Did you know that October is
National Cyber Security Awareness Month?
This is Dewie, cybersecurity mascot for the FTC’s online safety campaign
Join “Team Dewie” at: http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/conline/edcams/infosecurity/forkids.html
Learn More about “high impact” events during National Cybersecurity month at:
http://www.staysafeonline.info
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
Priority IV: Securing Government’s Cyberspace
Goals:
1) Protect the many information systems supporting critical services provided by the government at the federal, state and local levels.
2) Lead by example in federal agencies and use procurement power to encourage the development of more secure produces.
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
Priority IV Initiative: FISMA
Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA):Goal:
Strengthen federal agencies resistance to cybersecurity attacks and lead by example.
What is it:Mandates that CIO of each federal agency develop and maintain an agency-wide information security program that includes:
• periodic risk assessments• security policies/plans/procedures• security training for personnel• periodic testing and evaluation• incident detection, reporting & response• plan to ensure continuity of operation (during an attack)
Yearly report to Office of Management & Budget (OMB), tied to procurement.
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
Priority V: National Security & International Cooperation
Goals:1) Improve National Security by:
a) improving counter-intelligence and response efforts in cyberspace within the national security community
b) improving attribution and prevention capabilitiesc) being able to respond in an “appropriate” manner
2) Enhance International Cooperation by:a) reaching cybersecurity agreements with members
of existing world organizationsb) promote the adoption of cyber-crime laws and
mutual assistance provisions across the globe.
U.S. National Cybersecurity October 21, 2004
Criticisms of the National Plan
Frequently stated arguments:
1) By avoiding regulation, the plan has “no teeth” and can freely be ignored by companies.
2) Government claims of an “information deficit” at the enterprise level are misinformed and awareness efforts are a waste.
3) Not enough consideration has been given to the role economic incentives play in creating cybersecurity vulnerabilities.