PRESENTATION FROM THE NORTH EAST GROUP ARUNACHAL PRADESH ASSAM MEGHALAYA MIZORAM NAGALAND SIKKIM.
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya · Shillong, is also known as the Scotland of...
Transcript of NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya · Shillong, is also known as the Scotland of...
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
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Disclaimer: National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) engaged ICRA Management Consulting Services Limited (IMaCS) to prepare this report, which is based on independent research and analysis done by IMaCS. This report is not based or derived from any other report or research paper. Any similarity with any other paper may purely be a coincidence.
All rights reserved. All copyright in this report and related works is solely and exclusively owned by NSDC. The same may not be reproduced, wholly or in part in any material form (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this presentation), modified or in any manner communicated to any third party except with the written approval of NSDC.
This report is for information purposes only. While due care has been taken during the compilation of this report to ensure that the information is accurate to the best of IMaCSs’ and NSDC’s knowledge and belief, the content is not to be construed in any manner whatsoever as a substitute for professional advice.
IMaCS and NSDC neither recommend nor endorse any specific products or services that may have been mentioned in this report and nor do they assume any liability or responsibility for the outcome of decisions taken as a result of any reliance placed in this report.
Neither IMaCS nor NSDC shall be liable for any direct or indirect damages that may arise due to any act or omission on the part of the user due to any reliance placed or guidance taken from any portion of this report.
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About National Skill Development Corporation
National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) is a pioneering Public Private Partnership (PPP), set up
under the aegis of the Ministry of Finance, in July 2008, with a mandate to skill 150 million persons by
2022.
NSDC‟s mission is as follows:
Upgrade skills to international standards through significant industry involvement and develop
necessary frameworks for standards, curriculum and quality assurance.
Enhance, support and coordinate private sector initiatives for skill development through appropriate
PPP models; strive for significant operational and financial involvement from the private sector.
Focus on underprivileged sections of society and backward regions of the country thereby enabling a
move out of poverty; similarly, focus significantly on the unorganised or informal sector workforce.
Play the role of a „market-maker‟ by bringing financing or viability gap funding, particularly in
sectors where market mechanisms are ineffective or missing.
Prioritise initiatives that can have multiplier or catalytic effect as opposed to one-off impact.
Globally, NSDC is a unique PPP in the area of skill development. NSDC‟s key differentiators are as
follows:
Funds as well as provides strategic support to the skill development activities of stakeholders and
potential partners.
Monitors implementation over entire life of the project.
Enables skill development in high growth and unorganised sectors.
Facilitates creation of „Train the Trainer‟, centres
Accountable for raising skills to international standards through sector specific industry involvement
and setting systems and frameworks for standards, curriculum and quality assurance.
Set up Sector Skill Councils
Commissions periodic reports including skill gap surveys
Support of industry associations, hence access to the best industry data enabling creation of industry
specific curriculum, employability, etc.
Facilitates creation of Labour Market Information Systems (LMIS)
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Foreword
The North Eastern States comprise Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram,
Nagaland, Sikkim, and Tripura.
The eight States located in India‟s North-East cover an area of 2,62,179 sq. km. constituting 7.9 per cent
of the country‟s total geographical area, and 46million people or about 4 per cent of the total population
of the country (Census 2011).
Most North Eastern States have remained one of the under developed and untapped regions of the
country. Some of the reasons are as follows:
Remoteness and isolation because of being mostly landlocked
Lack of access to markets
Limited connectivity to the rest of India
Limited infrastructure
Challenges in land acquisition
Widespread use of traditional cultivation methods that are inefficient
Lack of facilities such as cold storage for warehousing fruits and transporting to market
Inadequate infrastructure that could help transport goods from the region
Difficulty in accessing bank credit for enterprises
Lack of confidence in seeking credit by small and tiny sector enterprises
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Poor awareness of markets, changing demand patterns, raw material sourcing, technology, branding
and quality standards
High and widespread dependence on Governments‟ programmes for market access, subsidy and
training
Educated seeking, mostly, Government jobs or relocating out of the region
Stigma against labour oriented jobs
Dependence on, mainly, local market for selling products from small and tiny sector
Inadequate telecommunications connectivity
Despite these disadvantages, there are success stories of entrepreneurs who have started on small scale,
overcome the difficulties and have grown in the last 15-20 years to make a name for themselves in the
region. Though small now, their number is likely to grow as more people travel outside the region, attain
education, training and skills, investing is made attractive by the States, markets linkages are developed,
substantial buyers are attracted to the products from the region and, trained and skilled persons can be
gainfully employed within the region.
It is in this context that the North Eastern Council (NEC) and the Ministry of Development of North
Eastern Region (DoNER) have prepared Vision 2020 for the North Eastern Region.
The Vision 2020 envisages the following targets by 2020:
Overall GSDP growth at a CAGR of 11.64 per cent between 2007-09 and 2019-20.
Overall per capita income growth of 12.95 per cent between 2007-09 and 2019-20.
To support this vision, the Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region has formulated a Strategic
Plan 2010-16 focusing on three broad dimensions:
(A) Rapid socio-economic development:
Facilitating preparation of Strategic Plans for key sectors such as Agriculture, Road, Civil Aviation,
Railways, Inland Water Transport, Power, Tele-Communication & IT, HRD, Health and Handloom &
Handicrafts and implementation of the Plans so prepared by the line-Ministries and North Eastern
States.
Facilitating formulation of Projects, Schemes and Programmes by major Central Ministries in
consonance with the requirement of the North-Eastern Region.
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Increasing the effectiveness of developmental expenditure in the North-East Region through higher
levels of transparency, systemic improvements and independent monitoring mechanism.
Creating an in-house database on important socio-economic indicators in the Region and its periodic
assessment.
Facilitating preparation of Regional Plan by the NEC.
Providing critical support to the NEC for identification of appropriate regional projects and their
implementation.
Facilitating funding by External Agencies in critical Sectors in the North Eastern States.
Undertaking pilot or demonstration projects in the North-East Region in certain sectors to provide
fillip to these sectors.
(B) Building capacities and competencies in critical sectors in the North Eastern States
Preparation of a Plan of Action for building capacities and competencies in critical sectors in the
North Eastern States.
Identifying institutes and organizations for imparting training and building capacities in the North
Eastern Region.
Setting up of Training Institutes in the Region in important fields through line Ministries, NEC or
States.
Augmenting the capacity of the existing training institutes in the North Eastern States.
Use of IT as a tool to upgrade skills.
(C)Promote the strengths of the Region
Preparation of a „Plan of Action‟ for projecting and promoting key strengths of the Region.
Promoting student and cultural exchanges among the States of the Region on one hand and between
the Region and the rest of the country.
Organizing business summits, exhibitions and cultural festivals to promote the Region.
Undertaking well-conceived promotional campaigns in the print and electronic media for projecting a
positive image of the Region.
Arranging festivals and cultural exchanges between the Region and the neighbouring countries.
Highlighting the achievements and success stories from the Region in mainstream media.
Instituting an Award Scheme to honour and showcase the achievements of talented people of the
Region.
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While this requires substantial investment, implementation of Action Agenda outlined in the Vision and
Strategic Plan, it also requires imparting of skills at all levels.
The North Eastern States, clubbed together, have some common attributes. But they also have significant
variations related to culture, language, values, work preferences and ethics, and overall environment
related to Government, infrastructure, terrain, proximity to or availability of markets and services. Hence,
the skilling interventions may vary across states and districts despite, similarities of activities.
Given the above background, ICRA Management Consulting Services Limited (IMaCS) has been
mandated by the NSDC to assist in identifying development and employment potential of districts of
North Eastern States.
Meghalaya emerged as a full-fledged state within the Union of India on 21st January 1972. „Meghalaya‟
meaning „abode of clouds‟ reflects its salubrious climate. The State has an area of 22,429 sq km. and is
located between 24°57‟ and 26°10‟ North latitudes and 89°46‟ and 92°53‟ East longitudes. It has
predominantly hilly terrain with foothills as plains and flood-prone areas.
Meghalaya is bounded by the Brahmaputra valley of Assam in the North and Northwest and Cachar area
of Assam in the East; the Surma valley (Bangladesh) borders in the South and partly in the Southwest.
Meghalaya has about 443 km of international border with Bangladesh. The capital of Meghalaya,
Shillong, is also known as the Scotland of the East for its scenic beauty.
Meghalaya
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This report has been structured in three parts:
Part I includes Foreword, Acknowledgements, Approach and Methodology, and Study Limitations.
Part II concentrates on the diagnostic analysis of Meghalaya, human resources requirement, skill gaps
assessed for Meghalaya.
Part III presents a detailed set of recommendation for Meghalaya.
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Acknowledgements
Carrying out a large scale survey is always a challenge. However, this task was made easy for the team by
the support that they received from various stakeholders. The team acknowledges, with grateful thanks,
useful information, references and support provided by NSDC and Ministry of Development of North
Eastern Region.
IMaCS team has travelled extensively through the districts of the eight North Eastern States to conduct
the surveys for this study. The team has interacted with cross-section of stakeholders. The team has
interacted with cross-section of stakeholders. This survey exercise would not have been possible without
the support of key stakeholders some of whom we have listed below.
Mr. N. S. Samant, Principal Secretary
Mr. I Jyrwa, Director, Directorate of Employment & Craftsmen
Mr. G. Lyngdoh, Director, Department of Industries
Dr. C. O. Rangad, Director, Department of Horticulture
In addition, there are many persons or organisations who have contributed greatly towards the successful
completion of this study. The team conveys sincere thanks to all of them for their generous support and
contribution.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
About National Skill Development Corporation ....................................................................................... 3
Foreword ................................................................................................................................................. 4
Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. 9
PART – I: Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 18
1. Report Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 19
2. Approach and Methodology ........................................................................................................... 19
3. Study Limitations .......................................................................................................................... 21
PART – II (a): Diagnostic Analysis of Meghalaya ................................................................................. 22
4.1 Macro-Economic Overview ....................................................................................................... 23
4.2 Industrial Activity Overview ...................................................................................................... 27
4.3 Demography and Employment Overview ................................................................................... 35
4.4 Infrastructure Overview ............................................................................................................. 37
4.5 Key Findings from the Diagnostic Analysis................................................................................ 46
4.6 SWOT Analysis of Meghalaya ................................................................................................... 48
PART – II (b): Identification of growth sectors ...................................................................................... 49
5.1 Criteria for selecting growth sectors ........................................................................................... 50
5.2 Framework for identifying growth engines ................................................................................. 50
5.3 Identified sectors for livelihood opportunities ............................................................................. 51
5.4 Identified sectors for migration .................................................................................................. 52
5.5 Type of skilling required in identified sectors ............................................................................. 53
5.6 Type of skilling required in sectors identified for migration ........................................................ 54
PART – II (c): District level Analysis of Meghalaya .............................................................................. 55
6.1. East Garo Hills ............................................................................................................................... 56
6.1.1 Economy ...................................................................................................................................... 56
6.1.2Demography .................................................................................................................................. 56
6.1.3 Infrastructure ................................................................................................................................ 56
6.1.4Employment Pattern ...................................................................................................................... 57
6.1.5Potential sectors in district ............................................................................................................. 58
6.2. East Khasi Hills .............................................................................................................................. 59
6.2.1 Economy ...................................................................................................................................... 59
6.2.2Demography .................................................................................................................................. 59
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6.2.3 Infrastructure ................................................................................................................................ 59
6.2.4Employment Pattern ...................................................................................................................... 60
6.2.5Potential sectors in district ............................................................................................................. 61
6.3.Jaintia Hills ..................................................................................................................................... 62
6.3.1 Economy ...................................................................................................................................... 62
6.3.2Demography .................................................................................................................................. 63
6.3.3 Infrastructure ................................................................................................................................ 63
6.3.4Employment Pattern ...................................................................................................................... 64
6.3. 5Potential sectors in district ............................................................................................................ 65
6.4.Ri Bhoi ............................................................................................................................................ 65
6.4.1 Economy ...................................................................................................................................... 66
6.4.2Demography .................................................................................................................................. 66
6.4.3 Infrastructure ................................................................................................................................ 66
6.4.4Employment Pattern ...................................................................................................................... 67
6.4. 5Potential sectors in district ............................................................................................................ 68
6.5.South Garo Hills .............................................................................................................................. 69
6.5.1 Economy ...................................................................................................................................... 69
6.5.2Demography .................................................................................................................................. 69
6.5.3 Infrastructure ................................................................................................................................ 69
6.5.4Employment Pattern ...................................................................................................................... 70
6.5.5Potential sectors in district ............................................................................................................. 71
6.6.West Khasi Hills .............................................................................................................................. 71
6.6.1 Economy ...................................................................................................................................... 71
6.6.2Demography .................................................................................................................................. 72
6.6.3 Infrastructure ................................................................................................................................ 72
6.6.4Employment Pattern ...................................................................................................................... 73
6.6. 5Potential sectors in district ............................................................................................................ 73
6.7.West Garo Hills ............................................................................................................................... 74
6.7.1 Economy ...................................................................................................................................... 74
6.7.2Demography .................................................................................................................................. 74
6.7.3 Infrastructure ................................................................................................................................ 75
6.7.4Employment Pattern ...................................................................................................................... 76
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6.7. 5Potential sectors in district ............................................................................................................ 76
PART – II (d): Skill Gap Analysis ......................................................................................................... 78
6.1 Tourism ..................................................................................................................................... 79
6.1(a) Skill mapping and gap analysis: Tourism sector ........................................................................... 82
6.2 Mining ....................................................................................................................................... 83
6.2(a) Skill mapping and gap analysis: Mining ....................................................................................... 86
6.3 Horticulture ............................................................................................................................... 87
6.3(a) Skill mapping and gap analysis: Horticulture ............................................................................... 90
6.4 Handloom and Handicraft .......................................................................................................... 91
6.4(a) Skill mapping and gap analysis: Handloom and Handicraft .......................................................... 94
6.5 Forest based industry ................................................................................................................. 95
6.5(a) Skill mapping and gap analysis: Forest based industry ................................................................. 97
6.6 Construction .............................................................................................................................. 98
6.6(a) Skill mapping and gap analysis: Construction .............................................................................. 99
6.7 IT/ITES ..................................................................................................................................... 99
6.7(a) Skill mapping and gap analysis: IT/ITES ................................................................................... 100
PART – II (c): Forecasting of Human Resource Requirement .............................................................. 101
7.1 Human resource forecasting model ................................................................................................ 102
7.2 Incremental demand in Meghalaya ................................................................................................. 103
7.3 District-wise human resource requirement in Meghalaya – 2011-21 ............................................... 105
7.4 Stakeholder feedback ..................................................................................................................... 107
PART – III: Recommendations ............................................................................................................ 110
8.1 Interventions for human resource demand-supply gap management................................................ 111
8.2 Areas for skilling within state – 2011-21 ........................................................................................ 112
8.3 Skilling for migration..................................................................................................................... 115
8.4 Capacity creation within State ........................................................................................................ 116
8.5 Private sector skilling opportunities at district level ........................................................................ 117
8.5.1 East Khasi Hills .......................................................................................................................... 117
8.5.2 East Garo Hills ........................................................................................................................... 119
8.5.3 Jaintia Hills ................................................................................................................................. 120
8.5.4 Ri Bhoi ....................................................................................................................................... 122
8.5.5 South Garo Hills ......................................................................................................................... 123
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8.5.6 West Garo Hills .......................................................................................................................... 125
8.5.7 West Khasi Hills ......................................................................................................................... 126
8.5.8Meghalaya- Skilling interventions in sectors across all districts .................................................... 128
8.6 Key interventions for Meghalaya ................................................................................................... 129
Annexure ............................................................................................................................................ 130
1. Methodology used for Demand projections .................................................................................. 131
2. List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................... 131
3. List of Stakeholders met .............................................................................................................. 132
4. Training Capacity for Vocational Education in Meghalaya ........................................................... 134
5. Meghalaya – List of Handicrafts Clusters ..................................................................................... 135
About ICRA Management Consulting Services Limited ...................................................................... 136
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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1: MEGHALAYA‟S GSDP VS REGIONAL AND NATIONAL AGGREGATE......................................................... 23
TABLE 2: PER CAPITA INCOME - MEGHALAYA Vs NER & NATIONAL AVERAGE ..................................................... 26
TABLE 3: INVESTMENTS AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY TYPE ........................................................................... 28
TABLE 4: EMPLOYMENT AND INVESTMENT IN SSI UNITS .......................................................................................... 30
TABLE 5: DISTRIBUTION OF EMPLOYMENT IN MEGHALAYA ..................................................................................... 31
TABLE 6: MEGHALAYA‟S DISTRICT DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE .................................................................................... 35
TABLE 7: AGE-WISE DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION .................................................................................................. 36
TABLE 8: DISTRICT WISE WORKER PROFILE ................................................................................................................. 36
TABLE 9: JOB PREFERENCES BY EDUCATED IN MEGHALAYA ................................................................................... 37
TABLE 10: DISTRICT-WISE ROAD LENGTH AND DENSITY ........................................................................................... 38
TABLE 11: INSTALLED CAPACITY IN MEGHALAYA...................................................................................................... 39
TABLE 12: BSNL MOBILE SUBSCRIBERS BY DISTRICT ................................................................................................. 40
TABLE 13: TELEPHONE CONNECTIONS IN MEGHALAYA ............................................................................................. 40
TABLE 14: MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS IN MEGHALAYA .................................................................................................. 40
TABLE 15: KEY HEALTH INDICATORS............................................................................................................................. 41
TABLE 16: TEACHER-PUPIL RATIO .................................................................................................................................. 42
TABLE 17: STATUS OF HIGHER & TECHNICAL EDUCATION ........................................................................................ 42
TABLE 18: SELECT INSTITUTES OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE STATE................................................................... 43
TABLE 19: COURSES OFFERED BY SHILLONG POLYTECHNIC..................................................................................... 44
TABLE 20: COURSES OFFERED BY TURA POLYTECHNIC ............................................................................................. 44
TABLE 21: COURSES OFFERED BY JOWAI POLYTECHNIC ............................................................................................ 44
TABLE 22: DETAILS OF COURSES OFFERED BY ITI‟S IN MEGHALAYA ...................................................................... 45
TABLE 23: COURSES OFFERED BY RVTI, TURA ............................................................................................................. 45
TABLE 24: SECTORS FOR LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES AND DOMESTIC DEMAND ............................................... 51
TABLE 25: SECTORS FOR MIGRATION ............................................................................................................................. 52
TABLE 26: TYPE OF SKILLING REQUIRED IN IDENTIFIED SECTORS........................................................................... 53
TABLE 27: TYPE OF SKILLING REQUIRED FOR MIGRATION ........................................................................................ 54
TABLE 28: AMENITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES - EAST GARO HILLS ................................................. 57
TABLE 29: EDUCATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE - EAST GARO HILLS. .......................................................................... 57
TABLE 30: AMENITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES - EAST KHASI HILLS ................................................ 60
TABLE 31: EDUCATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE- EAST KHASI HILLS ........................................................................... 60
TABLE 32: AMENITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES - JAINTIA HILLS ........................................................ 63
TABLE 33: EDUCATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE- JAINTIA HILLS ................................................................................... 64
TABLE 34: AMENITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES - RI BHOI .................................................................... 66
TABLE 35: EDUCATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE- RI BHOI ............................................................................................... 67
TABLE 36: AMENITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES - SOUTH GARO HILLS .............................................. 69
TABLE 37: EDUCATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE- SOUTH GARO HILLS ......................................................................... 70
TABLE 38: AMENITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES - WEST KHASI HILLS................................................ 72
TABLE 39: EDUCATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE- WEST KHASI HILLS........................................................................... 72
TABLE 40: AMENITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES - WEST GARO HILLS ................................................ 75
TABLE 41: EDUCATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE - WEST GARO HILLS .......................................................................... 75
TABLE 42: LIST OF PROJECTS ANNOUNCED ................................................................................................................... 86
TABLE 43: PRODUCTION OF COCOONS AND SILK IN MEGHALAYA ........................................................................... 94
TABLE 44: PLANNED PROJECTS IN MEGHALAYA ......................................................................................................... 98
TABLE 45: STAKEHOLDER FEEDBACK .......................................................................................................................... 107
TABLE 46: AREAS FOR SKILLING WITHIN STATE BETWEEN 2011 AND 2021 ........................................................... 113
TABLE 47: LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES IN MEGHALAYA FOR SKILL UP-GRADATION .............................................. 114
TABLE 48: AREAS FOR SKILLING FOR MIGRATION TO OTHER STATES OR OVERSEAS ........................................ 115
TABLE 49: SKILLING INTERVENTIONS IN EAST KHASI HILLS ................................................................................... 117
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TABLE 50: DISTRICT WISE, SKILL-LEVEL WISE HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENT – EAST KHASI HILLS....... 118
TABLE 51: SKILLING INTERVENTIONS IN EAST GARO HILLS ................................................................................... 119
TABLE 52: DISTRICT WISE, SKILL-LEVEL WISE HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENT – EAST GARO HILLS ....... 120
TABLE 53: SKILLING INTERVENTIONS IN JAINTIA HILLS .......................................................................................... 120
TABLE 54: DISTRICT WISE, SKILL-LEVEL WISE HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENT – JAINTIA HILLS .............. 121
TABLE 55: SKILLING INTERVENTIONS IN RI-BHOI ...................................................................................................... 122
TABLE 56: DISTRICT WISE, SKILL-LEVEL WISE HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENT – RI BHOI .......................... 123
TABLE 57: SKILLING INTERVENTIONS IN SOUTH GARO HILLS ................................................................................ 123
TABLE 58: DISTRICT WISE, SKILL-LEVEL WISE HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENT – SOUTH GARO HILLS .... 124
TABLE 59: SKILLING INTERVENTIONS IN WEST GARO HILLS ................................................................................... 125
TABLE 60: DISTRICT WISE, SKILL-LEVEL WISE HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENT – WEST GARO HILLS....... 126
TABLE 61: SKILLING INTERVENTIONS IN WEST KHASI HILLS .................................................................................. 126
TABLE 62: DISTRICT WISE, SKILL-LEVEL WISE HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENT – WEST KHASI HILLS ...... 128
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1: GSDP GROWTH OF MEGHALAYA .................................................................................................................. 23
FIGURE 2: GSDP DISTRIBUTION ACROSS PRIMARY, SECONDARY & TERTIARY SECTORS .................................... 24
FIGURE 3: CHANGE IN GSDP SHARES ACROSS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES .................................................................... 25
FIGURE 4: GROSS DISTRICT DOMESTIC PRODUCT ........................................................................................................ 26
FIGURE 5: DISTRICT-WISE PER CAPITA INCOME ........................................................................................................... 27
FIGURE 6: COMPOSITION OF LARGE & MEDIUM SCALE UNITS .................................................................................. 28
FIGURE 7: REGISTERED SSI UNITS IN DISTRICTS .......................................................................................................... 29
FIGURE 8: SNAPSHOT OF OAE‟S AND ESTABLISHMENTS IN MEGHALAYA .............................................................. 30
FIGURE 9: KVIC PERFORMANCE ...................................................................................................................................... 32
FIGURE 10: THRUST AREAS UNDER STATE INDUSTRIAL POLICY, 1997 ..................................................................... 34
FIGURE 11: ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE IN MEGHALAYA ................................................................................................ 38
FIGURE 12: PER CAPITA POWER CONSUMPTION ........................................................................................................... 39
FIGURE 13: NUMBER OF SCHOOLS................................................................................................................................... 41
FIGURE 14: NUMBER OF STUDENTS ................................................................................................................................ 42
FIGURE 15: DISTRICT WISE NUMBER OF COLLEGES..................................................................................................... 43
FIGURE 16 : EMPLOYMENT PATTERN IN EAST GARO HILLS ....................................................................................... 58
FIGURE 17 : EMPLOYMENT PATTERN IN EAST KHASI HILLS ...................................................................................... 61
FIGURE 18 : EMPLOYMENT PATTERN IN JAINTIA HILLS .............................................................................................. 64
FIGURE 19: EMPLOYMENT PATTERN IN RI BHOI ........................................................................................................... 67
FIGURE 20: EMPLOYMENT PATTERN IN SOUTH GARO HILLS ..................................................................................... 70
FIGURE 21: EMPLOYMENT PATTERN IN WEST KHASI HILLS ...................................................................................... 73
FIGURE 22: EMPLOYMENT PATTERN IN WEST GARO HILLS ....................................................................................... 76
FIGURE 23: DOMESTIC TOURIST ARRIVALS ................................................................................................................... 79
FIGURE 24: FOREIGN TOURIST ARRIVALS ...................................................................................................................... 80
FIGURE 25: LIMESTONE PRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 83
FIGURE 26: DISTRICT-WISE LIMESTONE PRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 84
FIGURE 27: EXPORTS TO BANGLADESH ......................................................................................................................... 84
FIGURE 28: COAL PRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 85
FIGURE 29: DISTRICT-WISE COAL PRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 85
FIGURE 30: AREA HARVESTED ......................................................................................................................................... 87
FIGURE 31: HORTICULTURE PRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 88
FIGURE 32: DISTRICT-WISE PRODUCTION OF KEY FRUITS IN MEGHALAYA ............................................................ 88
FIGURE 33: SSIS IN HANDLOOM ....................................................................................................................................... 92
FIGURE 34: DISTRICT-WISE DISTRIBUTION OF HANDLOOM SSIS ............................................................................... 92
FIGURE 35: SSIS IN HANDICRAFT ..................................................................................................................................... 93
FIGURE 36: DISTRICT-WISE DISTRIBUTION OF HANDICRAFTSSIS.............................................................................. 93
FIGURE 37: SSI - CANE AND BAMBOO ............................................................................................................................. 95
FIGURE 38: DISTRICT-WISE DISTRIBUTION OF BAMBOO AND CANE SSI‟S ............................................................... 96
FIGURE 39: SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY IN WOODEN FURNITURE ................................................................................ 96
FIGURE 40: SSI SAW MILLING UNITS ............................................................................................................................... 97
FIGURE 41: HUMAN RESOURCES FORECASTING MODEL........................................................................................... 102
FIGURE 42: HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENT IN MEGHALAYA ............................................................................ 103
FIGURE 43: HUMAN RESOURCES DEMAND-SUPPLY SCENARIO IN MEGHALAYA ................................................. 105
FIGURE 44: DISTRICT-WISE INCREMENTAL HUMAN RESOURCES REQUIREMENT IN MEGHALAYA .................. 106
FIGURE 45: DEMAND-SUPPLY SCENARIO FOR HUMAN RESOURCES IN MEGHALAYA ......................................... 111
FIGURE 46: DEMAND SCENARIO - SKILL PYRAMID .................................................................................................... 112
FIGURE 47: INTERVENTION FOR CAPACITY CREATION WITHIN THE STATE ......................................................... 116
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PART – I: Introduction
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1. Report Objectives
National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) has mandated ICRA Management Consulting Services
Limited (IMaCS) to assess the development and employment generation potential of eight North Eastern
states of India. As per the Terms of Reference, the report objectives are as follows:
i. Review the socio-economic profile of the North Eastern Region
ii. Identify developmental opportunities keeping in mind factor endowments and stakeholder
perspectives
iii. Identify specific developmental initiatives/projects which also have impact on employment
generation
iv. Assess skills required to aid in such employment generation
v. Suggest suitable interventions/recommendations to achieve the same at a regional level
2. Approach and Methodology
The study has been conducted in three phases:
Phase – 1: Diagnostic Phase
The objective of this phase was to understand the socio-economic profile of the North Eastern Region.
The focus was on analysing the economic and social position of the Region based on evolution of the
level and type of economic activity and social development in each State. The factor advantages,
constraints facing the Region either due to Regional factors or common among the states, and the
challenges going forward have been analysed. We have thus identified the factor endowments of the State
and the potential it holds. At the end of this stage, we have presented a snapshot of the State on economic
and social aspects and a SWOT analysis of the State.
Phase – 2: Synthesis Phase
This was carried-out in two modules:
Module 1: Assessment of Development Potential
Module 2: Assessment of Employment Potential and Gaps
Module 1: Assessment of Development Potential:
The objective of this phase was to identify development opportunities across formal and informal sectors
which provide livelihood opportunities for employment. We have also kept in mind the opportunities for
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
20
employment/livelihood generation identified as per the Vision 2020. This leads to the framework for
identification of formal and informal sector employment/skilling opportunities
For this exercise, we have interacted with a cross-section of stakeholders of the Government/Industry to
understand the following:
What are the key developmental areas to focus?
What needs to be done to leverage key strengths and factor endowments?
How can bottlenecks to development be cleared?
What various stakeholders need to do for development?
Based on the factor endowments and primary surveys conducted, we have identified potential and high
growth opportunities for North Eastern States.
Module 2: Assessment of Employment Potential
For the developmental opportunities identified, we have assessed the following:
Employment potential in the Region and on account of these identified developmental opportunities
Skills required to be developed among the North Eastern Region workforce to tap into the same.
This phase has been executed by: Profiling skills required sustaining traditional skills and tapping into
factor endowments, especially in the informal sector (wherever scalable) and Interacting with industry
(small, medium and large) and groups engaged in formal and informal sectors.
Phase – 3: Recommendations
Our interventions focus on various measures/potential ideas/projects required to be pursued for
Development and Employment Generation. These interventions focus on the following:
What is the enabling environment to be created to further development and employment
generation?
What are the interventions to enhance employment generation/job creation?
What are the potential opportunities that can be tapped thereof and structured for private sector
investment and NSDC interventions?
The report derives content for analyses from both, primary survey and secondary sources.
The surveys were undertaken by visiting several districts of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur,
Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura and meeting key stakeholders identified with
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
21
the help of State/District Government Departments of Labour, Planning or Industries and using
internal research and databases.
Significant secondary research was also carried out in order to validate the findings of primary
survey.
3. Study Limitations
While care has been taken to ensure correctness of information, the report outcomes for entire North East
are affected by the following circumstances:
While the field survey has been conducted keeping in mind maximum coverage, the survey has been
constrained by factors such as - weather: a major part of the survey was conducted in the rainy season
with landslides and flooding; availability of transportation; proper road connectivity; availability of
persons to interview at select locations and offices; lack of documented and latest information; and
inaccessible distances from within a State.
While some states had updated statistics, for others approximations have been made because of dated
or non-existent data, particularly, for industries and institutions that have come up in recent years.
Approximations include use of past growth rates for projections, regional average, national average,
productivity growth, benchmarks with other states and others.
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
22
PART – II (a): Diagnostic Analysis of Meghalaya
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
23
4.1 Macro-Economic Overview
Meghalaya‟s GSDP was Rs 10,259 crore in 2010-11. It has increased at a CAGR of 7.7 per cent since
2004-05. The growth in state GSDP is mainly driven by the secondary and tertiary sectors.
FIGURE 1: GSDP GROWTH OF MEGHALAYA
(Rs Crore)
Source: Central Statistical Organisation; IMaCS Analysis
In terms of GSDP growth rates during the period, 2004-2011, Meghalaya has outpaced the regional
growth which stood at 6.3 per cent. However, it is still behind the national average growth of 8.6 per cent.
TABLE 1: MEGHALAYA‟S GSDP VS REGIONAL AND NATIONAL AGGREGATE
Country / Region/
State GSDP, 2010-11
Rs Crore GSDP Growth
Rate, 2004-2011
India 4,877,842 8.6%
North East Region 126,649 6.3%
Meghalaya 10,259 7.7%
Source: CSO; IMaCS Analysis
Tertiary sector has the biggest share in GSDP, at 54 per cent in 2010-11. The shares of secondary and
tertiary sectors have grown consistently over the years. However, the share of primary sector has declined
from 33 per cent in 2004-05 to 25 per cent in 2010-11.
6,5597,078
7,626 7,9878,663
9,42310,259
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
24
During the period, 2004-2011, the secondary sector has grown rapidly at CAGR of 12 per cent indicating
increasing manufacturing activity in the state. Tertiary sector has also registered significant growth in the
same period at 8.9 per cent.
FIGURE 2: GSDP DISTRIBUTION ACROSS PRIMARY, SECONDARY & TERTIARY
SECTORS (Rs Crore)
Source: Central Statistical Organisation; IMaCS Analysis
Agriculture, construction and public administration are the key contributors to the primary, secondary and
tertiary sectors, respectively. In 2009-2010, agriculture was the biggest contributor to GSDP, at 18 per
cent. It was followed by construction at 15 per cent, public administration at 12 per cent and trade, hotels
and restaurants at 11 per cent. In the secondary sector, biggest contribution was made by construction,
followed by mining and quarrying. Share of construction has had the biggest increase of 5 percentage
points in the five years to 2009-2010. It was followed by registered manufacturing, which increased by 3
percentage points. Forestry and logging, fishing, unregistered manufacturing, storage and communication
made little contribution to GSDP.
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
25
FIGURE 3: CHANGE IN GSDP SHARES ACROSS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES (%)
Source: Central Statistical Organisation; IMaCS Analysis
^Other services include education, medical and health, religious and other community services, legal services and
entertainment service
East Khasi hills district of Meghalaya, which is home to the state capital, is the major economic centre in
the state. The district alone contributes over 40 per cent of state domestic product. East Khasi, West Garo
and Jaintia Hills together contribute over 72 per cent of the state‟s GSDP.
23
9
3
11361
10
3
11
13
7
18
7
6
12
253
11
3
8
15
8
2004-05
2009-2010
Agriculture & Allied
Mining &
quarrying
Construction
Electricity
Transport by other means
Trade, hotels & restaurant
Banking & insurance
Real estate
Public Administration
Others^
Communication
Manufacturing
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
26
FIGURE 4: GROSS DISTRICT DOMESTIC PRODUCT
(2007-08, Rs Lakh)
At current prices
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Meghalaya
Meghalaya‟s per capita income in 2010-11 stood at Rs 48,383 which was greater than the regional
average. However, it still was behind the national per capita income of Rs. 54,835 in 2010-11.
TABLE 2: PER CAPITA INCOME - MEGHALAYA Vs NER & NATIONAL AVERAGE
Country / Region/ State Per capita income, Rs
(2010-11)
India 54,835
North East Region 46,359
Meghalaya 48,383
At current prices
Source: Central Statistical Organisation; IMaCS Analysis
In 2007-08, East Khasi district had the highest per capita income in the state, at Rs. 42,419. It was
followed by South Garo Hills, at Rs 39,473.
43,543
54,882
55,093
57,516
118,488
126,375
304,630
- 100,000 200,000 300,000
South Garo Hills
West Khasi Hills
Ri Bhoi
East Garo Hills
Jaintia Hills
West Garo Hills
East Khasi Hills
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
27
FIGURE 5: DISTRICT-WISE PER CAPITA INCOME
(2007-08, Rs)
At current prices
Source: Central Statistical Organisation
4.2 Industrial Activity Overview
The state‟s industrial scenario is dominated by medium and small scale industries. There are about 116
large and medium manufacturing enterprises operating in the district. About 41 per cent of the
manufacturing enterprises are steel units, mainly, in Ri-Bhoi district. It is followed by food units at 10.3
per cent and cement units at 8.6 per cent.
17,108
21,115
22,454
26,314
36,551
39,473
42,419
- 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000
West Khasi Hills
East Garo Hills
West Garo Hills
Ri Bhoi
Jaintia Hills
South Garo Hills
East Khasi Hills
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
28
FIGURE 6: COMPOSITION OF LARGE & MEDIUM SCALE UNITS
Sources: State Development Report of Meghalaya, 2008-09; IMaCS Analysis
Coal and Limestone mining is one of the key industries in the state. Cement industry attracts the
largest investments in the state with presence of big players like Lafarge, Star cements. Coal mining
is mostly carried out illegally using age old rat-hole method posing serious environmental and safety
concerns. Maximum investment at 48.9 per cent is in cement industry, mainly, in Jaintia Hills district,
followed by steel at 20.4 per cent and foods at 5.2 per cent.
TABLE 3: INVESTMENTS AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY TYPE
Type of industry
Investments
(Rs Lakh)
Employment
generated
Cement 36,067 1,311
Steel units 15,074 1,925
Limestone, Mining & Crushing Plant 1,796 336
Foods 3,831 373
IMFL 490 99
Steel Units, 41.4%
Foods, 10.3%Cement, 8.6%
Limestone, Mining & Crushing Plant, 3.4%
HDPE Bags, 3.4%
IMFL, 2.6%
Coke, 1.7%
IT, 1.7%
Others, 26.7%
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
29
Type of industry
Investments
(Rs Lakh)
Employment
generated
Coke 756 70
IT 283 85
HDPE bags 1,373 135
Others 14,088 1,140
Total 73,759 5,474
Steel units include fabrication, ferro -alloys, products, smelters, and integrated unit.
IMFL-Indian Made Foreign Liquor, HDPE-High Density Poly Ethylene
Source: State Development Report of Meghalaya 2008-09
Meghalaya had 6,511 small scale industrial (SSI) units. These units grew at a CAGR of 8 per cent
between 2000-01 and 2007-08 and employed 36,193 persons at an investment of Rs 102.83 crore. About
14 per cent were involved in tailoring, followed by 9 per cent each in wooden furniture and betel nut
preservation. Other key industries included cane and bamboo, bakery, weaving and handloom, steel
based industries, motor repairing and servicing. Most of the SSIs are concentrated in East Khasi Hills.
FIGURE 7: REGISTERED SSI UNITS IN DISTRICTS
(2007-08)
Source: Statistical Abstract Meghalaya 2009
163
314
549
676
816
1,154
2,839
- 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000
South Garo Hills
Ri Bhoi
West Garo Hills
East Garo Hills
Jaintia Hills
West Khasi Hills
East Khasi Hills
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
30
TABLE 4: EMPLOYMENT AND INVESTMENT IN SSI UNITS
(2007-08)
Source: Statistical Abstract Meghalaya, 2009
Meghalaya had about 83,000 OAE‟s and Establishments, which provided employment to about 2.4 lakh
people as compared to 100.9 lakh people in India. Most of these were employed in public administration,
retail trade and manufacturing activities.
FIGURE 8: SNAPSHOT OF OAE‟S AND ESTABLISHMENTS IN MEGHALAYA
Source: Fifth Economic Census, 2005
Most of the enterprises are „establishments‟ as compared to own account enterprises, indicating increasing
trend of hired employment. Over 70 per cent of enterprises are involved in activities related to
manufacturing, retail trade and public administration.
District Employment
Generated
Investment
(Rs lakh) East Khasi Hills 17,314 4,762
West Khasi Hills 4,806 416
Jaintia Hills 3,154 1,240
East Garo Hills 3,556 310
West Garo Hills 3,598 545
Ri Bhoi 3,169 2,963
South Garo Hills 596 47
Meghalaya 36,193 10,283
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
31
TABLE 5: DISTRIBUTION OF EMPLOYMENT IN MEGHALAYA
Enterprises Employment
Major activity group OAE Estt. Total OAE Estt. Total
Farming of animals 1,356 947 2,303 2,561 2,885 5,446
Agriculture services, forestry etc 656 159 815 1,017 520 1,537
Fishing 183 71 254 238 201 439
Mining & quarrying 218 1,193 1,411 330 7,103 7,433
Manufacturing 2,682 4,004 6,686 3,553 18,376 21,929
Electricity, gas & water supply 9 75 84 9 1,010 1,019
Construction 426 1,252 1,678 477 7,990 8,467
Sale, maint. & repair 201 1,001 1,202 237 4,813 5,050
Wholesale trade 838 937 1,775 1,000 3,398 4,398
Retail trade 22,528 11,412 33,940 26,631 27,754 54,385
Restaurants & hotels 3,005 5,116 8,121 5,074 16,950 22,024
Transport & storage 1,591 1,747 3,338 1,680 4,499 6,179
Post & telecommunication 320 474 794 353 1,727 2,080
Financial intermediation 5 308 313 8 2,454 2,462
Real estate, banking & service 341 390 731 382 1,244 1,626
Public admin, defence & social serv. 19 1,904 1,923 24 41,997 42,021
Education 185 7,999 8,184 239 33,723 33,962
Health & social work 333 1,312 1,645 373 7,001 7,374
Other community & personal serv. 2,182 5,920 8,102 2,497 11,977 14,474
Other Activities 1 2 3 1 34 35
Total 37,079 46,223 83,302 46,684 195,656 242,340
Estt.-establishments: Source: Fifth Economic Census 2005
In 2006-07, about 101 Khadi and Village Industry projects were started in Meghalaya. Of these, 44 per
cent were concentrated in East Khasi Hills, followed by 32 per cent in Jaintia Hills and the remaining in
other districts. At 39.4 per cent, the highest investment was made in services, followed by 31.8 per cent in
mineral based industry and 23.5 per cent in agro based and food processing industry. Remaining
investment was made in rural engineering and biotechnology, chemicals and forest based industries. In
2006-07, Rs 4.4 crore was invested and employment generated for 1,063 persons.
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
32
FIGURE 9: KVIC PERFORMANCE
(2006-07)
Source: Statistical Handbook Meghalaya 2008-09
The objectives of the State Industrial Policy, 1997 are listed below:
Generate employment opportunities for the local people in industrial and allied sectors.
Promote industries in the sectors where the state has comparative advantage.
Promotion of village and small scale industries.
Creation of basic infrastructural facilities and setting up of industrial areas, growth centre and
export-promotion industrial park.
Encourage the setting up of selective medium and large industries.
Provide preference to local entrepreneurship in setting up of large, medium and small-scale units.
2
17
44
196
336
468
1
8
14
104
141
174
- 100 200 300 400 500
Forest based
Chemical based
Rural engineering and bio-tech
Agro based & food processing
Mineral based
Service / textile
Sales, Rs Lakh Employment
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
33
Promote local interests through joint ventures with external investors.
Encourage need based development of local entrepreneurial skills.
Simplify rules and procedures by providing a single-window clearance facility, etc.
Some of the salient features of the policy are:
State Government to welcome the advent of advanced technologies and external investments,
preferably in the joint sector.
To provide budgetary support for rapid industrialisation, wherever required.
Emphasis on improvement in roads, construction, up gradation of airport construction of
ropeways, communications, power supply, export promotion industrial centres etc.
To expedite suitable approval under the Meghalaya Land Transfer Act, 1971.
Single-window agency to provide time bound decisions and clearances.
Meghalaya Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) to provide escort services for the large
and medium scale industries.
To develop human resources through up gradation of skills; training institutions to receive
attention, etc.
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
34
FIGURE 10: THRUST AREAS UNDER STATE INDUSTRIAL POLICY, 1997
Source: www.megindustry.gov.in
However few sectors, except cement, have benefitted significantly because of inadequate infrastructure
and market linkages, low level of skill up-gradation, use of old tools and techniques, low mechanisation,
ownership of private lands, poor post-harvest management facilities, lack of credit facilities and shortage
of skilled workforce.
Horticulture Bio-technologyTissue culture -
orchidSpices and
Essential oils
Medicinal Plants, Tea and
Rubber
Animal husbandry and
meat processingCoal Limestone
Other minerals * Electronics and IT
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
35
4.3 Demography and Employment Overview
Meghalaya population is predominantly tribal; the main tribes are the Khasi, the Jaintia and the Garo
besides other plain tribes such as Koch, Rabhas and Bodos. The Khasis and the Jaintias predominantly
inhabit the eastern districts of Meghalaya. The western part of the State, the Garo Hills, is predominantly
inhabited by the Garos who are also called Achiks. The Garo, Khasi and Jaintia societies follow a
matrilineal system.
West Khasi Hills is the biggest district in Meghalaya in terms of area share (23.4 per cent). However, East
Khasi Hills has the largest population share (27.8 per cent). The latter also has the maximum number of
towns. Over 80 per cent of the population is rural and close to 86 per cent is tribal. About 98 per cent of
the population in West Khasi Hills is tribal, while it is 76.6 per cent in West Garo Hills.
TABLE 6: MEGHALAYA‟S DISTRICT DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
Sources: Census 2001 and Census 2011; Statistical Abstract Meghalaya, 2009
At 53 per cent and 42 per cent, respectively, the State has a high share of working age population and
young population (0 to 14 years), which will be joining the working age population in the next 10 years.
As percentage of the working-age group of 15-59 years in all districts, the maximum share is in East
Khasi Hills (31 per cent), followed by West Garo Hills (23 per cent). East Khasi has the highest
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
36
proportion of working age population, at 57.2 per cent. However, it also has the lowest proportion of
workers as a percentage of total population, at 38.8 per cent.
TABLE 7: AGE-WISE DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
Age group
District 0-14 15-59 60+ Others1 Total 0-14 15-59 60+ Others
Jaintia Hills 138,501 148,424 11,754 429 299,108 46.30% 49.60% 3.90% 0.10%
East Khasi Hills 250,704 377,828 31,677 714 660,923 37.90% 57.20% 4.80% 0.10%
Ri Bhoi 86,179 98,497 7,823 291 192,790 44.70% 51.10% 4.10% 0.20%
West Khasi Hills 140,566 142,692 12,365 426 296,049 47.50% 48.20% 4.20% 0.10%
East Garo Hills 107,547 132,281 10,459 295 250,582 42.90% 52.80% 4.20% 0.10%
West Garo Hills 214,101 277,118 26,385 786 518,390 41.30% 53.50% 5.10% 0.20%
South Garo Hills 43,279 52,219 5,263 219 100,980 42.90% 51.70% 5.20% 0.20%
Meghalaya 980,877 1,229,059 105,726 3,160 2,318,822 42.30% 53.00% 4.60% 0.10%
Sources: Census 2001; Statistical Abstract Meghalaya, 2009
Almost 50 per cent of the main workers are cultivators and another 12.5 per cent are agricultural
labourers, indicating that Meghalaya is predominantly an agrarian economy. East Khasi Hills has the
smallest percentage of cultivator indicating a shift towards services sector in the district. Similarly, East
Garo Hills has the highest percentage of cultivators indicating agriculture is the mainstay of its economy.
TABLE 8: DISTRICT WISE WORKER PROFILE
District Cultivators
Agricultural
labourers
Workers in
household industry Other workers
Jaintia Hills 54.6 17.9 2.0 25.5
East Khasi Hills 24.1 10.3 1.4 64.2
Ri Bhoi 59.3 14.7 1.4 24.6
West Khasi Hills 67.1 15.4 1.4 16.1
East Garo Hills 70.7 8.8 1.9 18.7
West Garo Hills 56.4 12.2 2.8 28.7
South Garo Hills 63.1 9.2 1.9 25.8
Meghalaya 50.2 12.5 1.8 35.4 Source: Directorate of Employment and Statistics, Meghalaya
1Others: non-respondents
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
37
According to a survey conducted by Institute of Applied Manpower Research (2003), the regular salaried
jobs in government is the most sought after work by the unemployed, followed by self-employment in
business or trade. The finding has been corroborated by IMaCS survey in Meghalaya.
TABLE 9: JOB PREFERENCES BY EDUCATED IN MEGHALAYA
Type of work desired Rural Urban
by the unemployed Male Female Total Male Female Total
Self-employment- business / trade 30.1 14 22.6 11.8 7.7 9.5
Self-employment- agriculture 8.3 12.5 10.2 0.8 0.7 0.7
Salaried job in government sector 46.3 63.2 54.2 71.4 77.4 74.8
Salaried job in private sector 4.6 2.6 3.7 4.2 7.1 5.8
Agricultural wage labour 3.8 3.8 3.8 - - -
Non -agricultural wage labour 4.6 2.6 3.7 0.8 0 0.4
Any other 2.3 1.3 1.8 10.9 7.1 8.8
Source: Meghalaya Human Development Report 2008
Work force participation is higher for males at 48.3 per cent, as compared to females at 35.2 per cent.
Meghalaya being an agrarian economy, over 62 per cent of all workers are engaged in agricultural
activities. There is high level of youth unemployment, especially in urban areas. In 2004-05,
unemployment rate was 8.01 per cent for graduates, higher than those with little formal education.
As of 2006, Meghalaya had 12 employment exchanges. There were 32,386 applicants on the live register.
However, only 1,849 vacancies were notified. Of the total applicants, 41.2 per cent were of minimal
education, i.e., below matriculation. Only 12.9 per cent were graduates and above.
4.4 Infrastructure Overview
Road transport in the state is the key form of transportation that connects the state with the rest of the
country. Its growth has almost been stagnant over the last decade. As of 2008-09, the total road length
was 8,568 km. Of this, 65 per cent were surfaced and 35 per cent un-surfaced roads. Road density was
38.2 km per 100 sq. km.
The three district headquarters in Garo Hills are yet to be connected by double lane roads with the capital
city Shillong. The state is connected to its neighbouring states and other parts of India through four
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
38
National Highways (NH): NH-40, NH-44, NH-51 and NH-62.Presently, there is no railway line in the
state. There are two airports, viz., Umroi Airport and Baljek Airport. The latter is yet to be made fully
operational. Helicopter services are available from Guwahati to Tura and Shillong. The Meghalaya
Transport Corporation provides bus transport services across the state.
FIGURE 11: ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE IN MEGHALAYA
(Km)
Source: State Development Report of Meghalaya 2008-09
TABLE 10: DISTRICT-WISE ROAD LENGTH AND DENSITY
District Total road length, km
Road density, kmper
100 sq. km.
East Garo Hills 603 23.2
West Garo Hills 1,494 40.6
South Garo Hills 538 28.5
East Khasi Hills 1,890 68.8
Ri-Bhoi 951 38.9
West Khasi Hills 1,415 27.0
Jaintia 1,677 43.9
Meghalaya 8,568 38.2
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics
Meghalaya has hydroelectric power potential of about 3,000 MW. However, only about 6 per cent of it
has been tapped so far. To tap its actual potential, the state has a power policy in place, which will enable
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
National Highway State Highway
Major Districts Roads Other Districts Roads
Total
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
39
implementation of power projects under PPP mode. The state currently has 189.1 MW of its own installed
capacity (mainly hydro) and is dependent on Central sector plants for another 100 MW. The state usually
buys more power through bilateral agreements. At 57 per cent, industrial users are the largest consumers,
followed by domestic (24 per cent) and others (19 per cent).
As of March 2011, the state has achieved 66 per cent rural electrification. According to the Census 2001,
at 74 per cent, East Khasi Hills had the highest electrification rate, while lowest (20 per cent) was in
South Garo Hills district. The Meghalaya Energy Corporation Limited (MECL) is responsible for
development of Meghalaya‟s power sector.
TABLE 11: INSTALLED CAPACITY IN MEGHALAYA
(MW, As of June 2011)
Sector Thermal Hydro Total
State sector 2.1 187.0 189.1
Central sector 26.0 74.6 100.5
Total 28.0 261.6 289.6
Source: Central Electricity Authority
FIGURE 12: PER CAPITA POWER CONSUMPTION
(kWh)
Source: Central Electricity Authority
As of 2007, Meghalaya had 117 telephone exchanges. Of these, 97 were rural and remaining were urban
exchanges. Mobile connectivity was low, with total mobile density being only 3.0 per cent. There were
also 7,360 internet connections in the state, along with 1,621 broadband connections. Virtual private
network (VPN) over broadband line is also available in the state to enable business communications.
367.8 317.8 337.6
387.4
0
100
200
300
400
500
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
40
TABLE 12: BSNL MOBILE SUBSCRIBERS BY DISTRICT
District 2006-07 2007-08
Mobile penetration rate,
2007-08
East Khasi Hills 36,391 49,557 6.0%
West Khasi Hills 2,756 3,089 0.8%
Ri Bhoi 2,244 2,950 1.1%
Jaintia Hills 6,427 7,193 1.8%
East Garo Hills 5,648 11,574 3.6%
West Garo Hills 8,336 15,297 2.4%
South Garo Hills - 5 0.0%
Meghalaya 61,802 89,665 3.0%
Sources: State Development Report 2008
TABLE 13: TELEPHONE CONNECTIONS IN MEGHALAYA
Telephone connections, as of 2007
Landline connections 66,809
WLL connections 11,205
Mobile connections 62,678
Total 140,692
Sources: State Development Report 2008, Statistical Handbook 2008-09, IMaCS Analysis
Health infrastructure
While East Khasi Hills District has two government hospitals, all other districts have one government
hospital each. Total number of beds in government hospitals was about 3,726 in 2008-09.About 56 per
cent of the medical institutions are concentrated in West Garo Hills, East Khasi Hills and Jaintia Hills
Districts only. South Garo Hills has the least health infrastructure in place.
TABLE 14: MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS IN MEGHALAYA
Medical institutions in Meghalaya,
2008-09
Government hospitals 8
Community Health Centres 36
Government dispensaries 14
Primary Health Centres 111
Sub-Centres 399
Sources: State Development Report 2008
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
41
Meghalaya‟s birth rate stands at 24.4 which is higher than the national average of 22.5. As compared to
national level aggregate of 50, the infant mortality rate of Meghalayais 59 indicating deficiency of health
infrastructure in the state.
TABLE 15: KEY HEALTH INDICATORS
Key health indicators, as of 2009
Meghalaya India
Birth Rate (per 1,000 persons) 24.4 22.5
Death Rate (per 1,000 persons) 8.1 7.5
Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births) 59 50 Source: http://mohfw.nic.in/
Education infrastructure
As of 2007, Meghalaya had 9,384 schools. About 60 per cent of these were concentrated in West Garo
Hills, East Khasi Hills and West Khasi Hills. Ri Bhoi and South Garo Hills Districts have the least school
infrastructure. Of the total schools in the state, 68 per cent are Primary Junior Basic Schools, 24 per cent
are Middle and Senior Basic Schools and the remaining 8 per cent are High and Higher Secondary
Schools. As per Census 2011, the literacy rate in the state was 73.8 per cent. East Khasi Hills had the
highest rate of 84.2 per cent and West Garo Hills the lowest at 63.3 per cent.
FIGURE 13: NUMBER OF SCHOOLS
(As of March 2007)
Sources: District Level Statistics from Directorate of Economics and Statistics
644
793
1,075
1,196
1,725
1,928
2,023
- 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500
South Garo Hills
Ri Bhoi
Jaintia Hills
East Garo Hills
West Khasi Hills
East Khasi Hills
West Garo Hills
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
42
FIGURE 14: NUMBER OF STUDENTS
(As of March 2007)
Sources: Directorate of Economics and Statistics
TABLE 16: TEACHER-PUPIL RATIO
Teacher pupil ratio, 2006-07
Primary Junior Basic School 35
Middle & Senior Basic School 21
High / Higher Secondary Schools 16
Sources: State Development Report 2008
For higher education, there is one Central University, the North Eastern Hill University, in Meghalaya.
There are 66 colleges, three teacher-training institutes, three polytechnics and six industrial training
institutes (ITI). Over 50 per cent of the colleges at 35 are concentrated in East Khasi Hills, while South
Garo Hills have one college.
TABLE 17: STATUS OF HIGHER & TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Type of institute Number of
institutions
Number of
students
University 1 1,835
College for General Education 66 38,048
Basic and non-basic training schools 12 486
Teachers training college 3 510
Polytechnic 3 884
ITI 6 -
40,245
44,012
80,845
100,954
117,220
205,362
208,840
- 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000
Ri Bhoi
South Garo Hills
Jaintia Hills
West Khasi Hills
East Garo Hills
East Khasi Hills
West Garo Hills
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Type of institute Number of
institutions
Number of
students
DIET 6 -
Sources: Directorate of Higher and Technical Education
Most of the higher education infrastructure is concentrated in East Khasi Hills district.
FIGURE 15: DISTRICT WISE NUMBER OF COLLEGES
Sources: Directorate of Higher and Technical Education
TABLE 18: SELECT INSTITUTES OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE STATE
Institutions for Higher Education
North Eastern Hill University William Carey University
The North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health & Medical
Science (NEIGRIMS) Martin Luther University
Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Central Agricultural University College of Home
Science, Tura
National Institute of Fashion Design (NIFT) ICFAI
Indian Institute of Hotel Management (IIHM) NIIT
Central Institute of English & Foreign Languages (CIEFL) National Institute of Technology (NIT)
Shillong Engineering and Management College Jorabad, Ri Bhoi
District Regional Institute of Science Technology (RIST)
There are three polytechnic institutes in Meghalaya located at Shillong, Jowai and Tura. Shillong
polytechnic offers courses in six disciplines and has annual intake of more than 200 students which is
higher than that of other two polytechnic‟s combined.
1
3
4
4
7
12
35
- 10 20 30 40
South Garo Hills
Ri Bhoi
West Khasi Hills
East Garo Hills
Jaintia Hills
West Garo Hills
East Khasi Hills
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TABLE 19: COURSES OFFERED BY SHILLONG POLYTECHNIC
Courses
Annual intake
of students
Duration of
course, years
Civil Engineering 60 3
Electrical Engineering 30 3
Mechanical Engineering 30 3
Electronics Engineering 30 3
Computer Science & Engineering 30 3
Information Technology 20 2
TABLE 20: COURSES OFFERED BY TURA POLYTECHNIC
Courses
Annual intake of
students
Duration of
course, years
Medical Electronics 30 3
Computer Application 30 3
Food Processing & Preservation 30 3
TABLE 21: COURSES OFFERED BY JOWAI POLYTECHNIC
Courses
Annual intake of
students
Duration of
course - years
Automobile Engineering 30 3
Architectural Assistantship 30 3
Costume Design & Garment
Technology
30 3
Source: Directorate of Higher and Technical Education, Meghalaya
There are six ITIs in Meghalaya, located in Shillong, Tura, Baghmara, Jowai, Nongpoh and William
Nagar.
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TABLE 22: DETAILS OF COURSES OFFERED BY ITI‟S IN MEGHALAYA
Course ITI No. of seats
Electrician Shillong, Tura, Jowai 20 in Tura, 16 in Jowai
Fitter Shillong, Tura 20 in Tura
Welder
Shillong, Jowai, Nongpoh and
Tura
15 in Tura, 12 in Jowai and 12 in
Nongpoh
Plumber Shillong, Nongpoh and Tura 20 in Tura and 16 in Nongpoh
Mechanic Motor Vehicle Shillong, Tura 20 in Tura
Mechanic Radio & TV Shillong, Jowai and Tura 20 in Tura and 16 in Jowai
Fruit & Vegetable
Preservation Tura 20
IT & ESM Tura 20
Stenography Shillong, Tura and William Nagar 20 in Tura and 20 in William Nagar
Typewriting Tura 10
Carpentry Tura 20
Wireman
Shillong, William Nagar,
Baghmara and Nongpoh
20 in William Nagar, 20 in Bahgmara
and 16 in Nongpoh
Surveyor Shillong -
Civil Draughtsman Shillong -
Source: respective ITIs
There is a Regional Vocational Training Institute (RVTI) in Tura for women. The institute caters to the
vocational training requirements of women in the North Eastern Region. It is spread over 2.40 acres
which includes the institute building, the 50 bedded Girls Hostel-cum-Guest House and staff quarters.
The institute has requisite up-to-date technology, machines and infrastructure for vocational training.
TABLE 23: COURSES OFFERED BY RVTI, TURA
Course No. of seats
Secretarial Practice 16
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Course No. of seats
Hair & Skin Care 32
Dress Making 32
Computer Operator & Programming Assistant 40
Fashion Technology 16
Travel & Tour Assistant 16
Beauty Culture 20
Secretarial Practice, Advanced course 20*
Dress Making, Advanced course 20*
Catering & Hospitality, Advanced course 20*
Cutting & Sewing, Advanced course 20*
Training Methodology/ Instructor & Advanced course 30*
* Courses not yet started as they are waiting for training officers
Source: RVTI Tura
4.5 Key Findings from the Diagnostic Analysis
Macro-economic:
Meghalaya‟s GSDP was Rs 10,259 crore in 2010-11. It increased at a CAGR of 7.7 per cent since 2004-
05. The growth was mainly driven by secondary and tertiary sectors. Tertiary sector has the biggest share
in GSDP, at 54 per cent. Major contribution to tertiary sector was from public administration followed by
trade, hotels & restaurants. Manufacturing activity is increasing in the state. Share of manufacturing
stands at 6.4 per cent of GSDP. East Khasi hills district of Meghalaya, which is home to the state capital,
contributes over 40 per cent to GSDP.
Industrial Activity:
Meghalaya had about 6,511 SSI units which have grown at a CAGR of 8 per cent between 2000-01 and
2007-08. The state‟s industrial scenario is dominated by medium and small scale industries. Majority of
the manufacturing enterprises are steel units, mainly, in Ri-Bhoi district. Coal and Limestone mining are
among the key industries in the state. In fact, Meghalaya is the only state in the North Eastern Region
with a thriving mining industry. Cement industry attracts the largest investments in the state with
presence of big players like Lafarge, Star cements. Coal mining is mostly carried out using age old rat-
hole method, posing environmental and safety concerns.
SSI units employed 36,193 persons and had an investment of Rs 102.83 crore. Most of these SSI units are
concentrated in East Khasi hills district. Establishments and OAE‟s provide employment to about 2.4 lakh
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
47
people. Most of these are employed in public administration, trade, education and small manufacturing
activities.
Demography:
Over 80 per cent of the population is rural and close to 86 per cent is tribal. About 98 per cent of the
population in West Khasi Hills and 76.6 per cent in West Garo Hills is tribal. The State has 53 per cent of
population in the working-age group of 15-59 years and 42 per cent in the 0-14 year group. Meghalaya
has a literacy rate of almost 74 per cent.
Government Policy:
Thrust areas in the State Industrial Policy, 1997, included horticulture, coal, limestone, electronics & IT,
bio-technology, animal husbandry, spices and essential oils, medicinal plants, tea and rubber. However,
few sectors have benefitted significantly because of inadequate infrastructure and market linkages, use of
old tools and techniques, low mechanisation levels, acquisition of private land, poor post-harvest
management facilities, lack of credit facilities and shortage of skilled workforce.
Infrastructure:
Meghalaya‟s infrastructure has remained almost stagnant over the years. Roads are the major link. There
is an operational airport, but serviced by few airlines. Road infrastructure within the state is poor with
some district headquarters yet to be connected by double lane roads.
As of 2007, Meghalaya had a total of 9,384 schools, around 60 per cent of which were concentrated in
West Garo Hills, East Khasi Hills and West Khasi Hills. The current educational/vocational infrastructure
in the state needs to be ramped-up to support the industrial growth in the state as well as for skilling
migrant workforce. Employability of students passing out is a concern because of the gap observed
between their skill sets and required industry standards. Also, absence of linkages between educational
institutions, employment exchanges and industry makes it difficult for them to attract quality students.
About 56 per cent of the medical institutions are concentrated in West Garo Hills, East Khasi Hills and
Jaintia Hills districts only.
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4.6 SWOT Analysis of Meghalaya
Source: IMaCS Analysis
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
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PART – II (b): Identification of growth sectors
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50
5.1 Criteria for selecting growth sectors
Resident skills that will continue to be a source of employment generation in next 10 years – skill
development required for enhancing competitiveness.
Sectors with policy support from Central and State Government for expansion, training and
marketing.
Product is unique to the region or occurs abundantly because of factor advantages, but has just
started to be exploited as an economic activity.
Infrastructure investment required to support industrial and economic growth; investment which has
started or is planned.
Common service trades such as electricians, plumbers and repair mechanics – those which require
service quality enhancement.
5.2 Framework for identifying growth engines
Source: IMaCS Analysis
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The above framework has been used to identify potential sectors where economic activities will create
employment between 2011 and 2021.The growth engines for a state‟s economy are driven by the factor
advantages within the state, market conditions, industry value chain available and Government policy
support. These factors lead to growth in economic output which in turn determines the annual incremental
employment opportunities within the state.
5.3 Identified sectors for livelihood opportunities
Based on the framework mentioned above, sectors have been identified for skilling and upgrading skills.
These sectors are expected to provide employment opportunities in the coming 10 years. Sectors for
domestic demand have been identified based on factor endowments, policy thrust, market potential,
historical presence, availability of trained manpower, availability and quality of training centre, time
taken to train and employment opportunities.
TABLE 24: SECTORS FOR LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES AND DOMESTIC DEMAND
Sector
Factor
endowments
Policy
Thrust
Market
Potential
Historical
Presence
Availability and
quality of
training Centre
Time
taken to
train*
Employment
opportunities**
Livelihood Opportunities
Agriculture √ √ √ √ × Low -
Fishery √ × √ √ × Low -
Animal
Husbandry √ √ √ √ × Low -
Sectors for domestic demand
Sericulture √ √ √ √ √ Medium High
Handicrafts √ √ √ √ √ Medium Medium
Horticulture √ √ √ √ × High High
Tea √ √ √ √ √ High High
Food
Processing √ √ √ × × Low High
Hospitality √ √ √ √ √ Medium Low
IT/ITES × √ √ × × High Medium
Forest based,
bamboo √ √ √ √ × Low High
Oil, gas and
plastic √ √ √ √ × High High
Construction √ √ √ √ ×
Low to
Medium High
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Sector
Factor
endowments
Policy
Thrust
Market
Potential
Historical
Presence
Availability and
quality of
training Centre
Time
taken to
train*
Employment
opportunities**
Healthcare √ √ √ × ×
Medium to
High Low
Other services: Motor Repair √ × √ × × Low Low to High
*Low: Up to one year; Medium: One to two years; High: More than two years. ** Low: Incremental employment
potential of 0 to 1,500 persons; Medium: 1500 to 3,000 persons; High: More than 3,000 persons
Source: IMaCS Analysis
5.4 Identified sectors for migration
Sectors for migration have been identified based on natural aptitude, youth aspiration, market potential,
availability of trained manpower, availability and quality of training centre and time taken to train.
TABLE 25: SECTORS FOR MIGRATION
Sector
Natural
aptitude
Youth
aspiration
Market
Potential
Availability and quality of
training Centre
Time taken to
train*
Sectors for Migration
Beauty and
Wellness √ √ √ √ Low to Medium
Hospitality √ √ √ × Medium to High
IT / ITES × √ √ × Medium to High
Retail Services √ √ √ × Low
Music √ √ √ × Medium to High
Sports √ √ √ × Medium to High
Fashion Designing √ √ √ × High
Flight attendants × √ √ × Medium to High
Ground staff at the
airports × √ √ × Low to Medium
Healthcare × √ √ × Medium to High
Language Skills √ √ √ × Low to Medium
Trainers × √ √ × Medium to High
* Low: Up to one year; Medium: One to two years; High: More than two years.
Source: IMaCS Analysis
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5.5 Type of skilling required in identified sectors
Skilling requirements have been classified into speciality skills, new skills and skill up-gradation for each
of the sectors identified.
TABLE 26: TYPE OF SKILLING REQUIRED IN IDENTIFIED SECTORS
Sectors Specialty skills New skills Skill up-gradation
Livelihood opportunities
Agriculture
Fishery
Animal Husbandry
Sectors for domestic demand
Handloom and Handicraft
Horticulture
Food Processing
Hospitality
IT/ITES
Forest based products
Mining
Construction
Healthcare
Others including motor repair and
beauty culture Specialty skills: technical or specific knowledge base essential
New skills: training centres largely non-existent
Skill-up-gradation: outdated techniques and knowledge base
Source: IMaCS Analysis
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5.6 Type of skilling required in sectors identified for migration
For migration related skills as well, skilling requirements have been classified into speciality skills, new
skills and skill up-gradation for the identified sectors.
TABLE 27: TYPE OF SKILLING REQUIRED FOR MIGRATION
Sectors Specialty skills New skills Skill up-gradation
Sectors for migration
Beauty and Wellness
Hospitality
IT / ITES
Retail Services
Fashion Designing
Flight attendants
Ground staff at the airports
Healthcare
Language Skills
Trainers
Specialty skills: technical or specific knowledge base essential
New skills: training centres largely non-existent Skill-up-gradation: outdated techniques and knowledge base
Source: IMaCS Analysis
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PART – II (c): District level Analysis of Meghalaya
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56
6.1. East Garo Hills
East Garo Hills District was upgraded from a sub-division to a full-fledged district in 1976. The district is
bounded by South Garo Hills on the south, West Garo Hills on the west, East Khasi Hills on the East and
the state of Assam on the north. The district headquarters are located at Williamnagar. Commonly used
languages in the district are English, Hindi and Garo
6.1.1 Economy
The GDDP of the East Garo Hills district was Rs 57,516 lakh (as of 2007-08). The per capita DDP of
East Garo Hills is Rs 21,115. The economy of the East Garo Hills district is basically agrarian and rural
based. Agriculture is the mainstay of about 90 percent of the population of East Garo Hills and most earn
their livings directly or indirectly from agriculture.
6.1.2Demography
The district occupies an area of 2603 km². According to the 2011 census East Garo Hills has a
population of 250,582 and literacy of 60.6 per cent. The Garos constitute the majority in the East Garo
Hills district as is evident from the name of the district. The district also is home for a sizeable
population of Rabhas, Hajongs, Koches, Dalus, Banais and Boros.
6.1.3 Infrastructure
Being a land-locked district with hilly terrain and sparse population, means of communication in the
district have not developed much. There are no railway heads and airports within the district and the
rivers here are also not navigable. The road network too is quite under-developed.
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TABLE 28: AMENITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES - EAST GARO HILLS
Facilities Number of villages
Drinking water facilities 862
Safe Drinking water 727
Electricity (Power Supply) 287
Electricity (domestic) 283
Electricity (Agriculture) -
Source: Census 2001
Total inhibited villages in East Garo Hills are 864 of which 862 of them have drinking water facilities.
However, power supply is available in only 287 villages which indicate the poor power situation
prevailing in the district.
Education Infrastructure:
The educational infrastructure of the district is inadequate. About 716 villages in the district have primary
schooling facilities. None of the villages have any colleges.
TABLE 29: EDUCATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE - EAST GARO HILLS.
Education Infrastructure in East Garo Hills
Primary school 716
Middle schools 134
Secondary/Sr Secondary schools 40
College -
Source: Census 2001
6.1.4Employment Pattern
There are 111,996 workers in the district. About 70 per cent of them are main workers. The number of
non-workers stands at 138,586. About 70.7 per cent of the main workers are cultivators which is highest
in the district. About 8.8 per cent of the main workers are agricultural labourers.
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FIGURE 16 : EMPLOYMENT PATTERN IN EAST GARO HILLS
Source: Census 2001
6.1.5Potential sectors in district
Based on the factor advantages, following sectors have been identified in the district for skilling:
Handloom:
• Garos are well-known for their handlooms products in North-East India. They produce only for
local consumption and not in large scale.
• In absence of significant economic activity and with establishment of more Handloom Weavers‟
Cooperative Societies in the district, large scale production can be undertaken to for
commercialisation.
Horticulture:
• Fruits like papaya, pineapple, orange, pomelo, jack-fruit, litchi, mango, pears, sapota,
cashewnuts, bananas, coconut and areca nut are grown widely in the district.
• District produces more than 20 per cent of papaya, banana and pine-apples in the district.
• Conducive climate and increasing government focus providing impetus to horticulture growth in
the district.
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
Main Workers Marginal Workers Non- Workers
78,806
33,190
138,586
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Fruit Processing:
• Significant fruit production in the district to support fruit processing industries.
• Both national and international market (Bangladesh) available for processed products.
• Government policy support to horticulture and fruit processing industries.
6.2. East Khasi Hills
The East Khasi Hills district was carved out of the erstwhile Khasi Hills district, which was divided into
East and West Khasi Hills districts. The district is home to the state capital, Shillong. The northern
portion of the district is bounded by the plain of Ri-Bhoi District, by the Jaintia Hills District to the east
and the West Khasi Hills District to the west. The East Khasi Hills District is mostly hilly with deep
gorges and ravines on the southern portion.
6.2.1 Economy
The GDDP of the East Khasi Hills district was Rs 304,630 lakh , as of 2007-08 contributing over 40 per
cent of state‟s GSDP. The per capita DDP of East Khasi Hills district was Rs 42,419 (as of 2007-08). The
East Khasi Hills district is the major economic centre of the state.
6.2.2Demography
The district occupies an area of 2752 km². According to the 2011 census East Khasi Hills has a
population of 660,923 and literacy of 76.07 per cent.
6.2.3 Infrastructure
The district headquarter, Shillong is connected to Guwahati and Silchar by NH 44 of 103 km. and 240
km. respectively. The nearest rail head and airport are situated at Guwahati. There is an airstrip suitable
for small aircrafts at Umroi which is 35 km. from Shillong. The agricultural and other products are
transported by trucks, jeeps and tractors. Shillong is well connected with other parts of the State by
motorable road.
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TABLE 30: AMENITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES - EAST KHASI HILLS
Facilities Number of villages
Drinking water facilities 920
Safe Drinking water 811
Electricity (Power Supply) 682
Electricity (domestic) 661
Electricity (Agriculture) 15
Source: Census 2001
About 920 villages in East Khasi Hills have drinking water facilities. However, power supply is available
in only 682 villages. Total number of villages where electricity is available for agricultural use is only 15
indicating power shortage situation in the district.
Education Infrastructure:
About 758 villages in the district have primary schooling facilities. The number of villages with
secondary/senior secondary schools is 65.
TABLE 31: EDUCATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE- EAST KHASI HILLS
Education Infrastructure in East Khasi Hills
Primary school 758
Middle schools 186
Secondary/Sr Secondary schools 65
College 1
Source: Census 2001
6.2.4Employment Pattern
There are 256,562 workers in the district. About 85 per cent of them are main workers. The number of
non-workers stands at 404,361. Only 24.1 per cent of the main workers are cultivators indicating shifting
of district economy towards services sector.
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FIGURE 17 : EMPLOYMENT PATTERN IN EAST KHASI HILLS
Source: Census 2001
6.2.5Potential sectors in district
Based on the factor advantages, following sectors have been identified in the district for skilling:
Hotels:
• Shillong, also known as “Scotland of the East” attracts a large number of tourists every year.
• The district is well connected to Guwahati by all-weather roads.
• „Mesmerizing Meghalaya‟ – branding of Meghalaya tourism.
• Improving perception regarding security in the state in mainland India.
Horticulture:
• Fruits like papaya, pineapple, orange, jack-fruit, litchi, mango, pears, sapota, etc. grown in
abundance in the district.
• District produces more than 50 per cent of citrus fruits in the state.
• Conducive climate and increasing government focus providing impetus to horticulture growth in
the district.
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
Main Workers Marginal Workers Non- Workers
219,190
37,372
404,361
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
62
Fruit Processing:
• Significant fruit production in the district to support fruit processing industries.
• Both national and international market (Bangladesh) available for processed products.
• Well connected with Guwahati which is the major economic hub in the north-east region.
• Government policy support to horticulture and fruit processing industries.
Mining:
• Contributed almost 60 per cent to the state‟s limestone production in 2009-10.
• Almost 70 per cent cement based small scale industries (SSI) are located in East Khasi Hills.
• Many mining projects in the pipeline.
Handicrafts:
• About 83 per cent of the handicraft SSIs is concentrated in Khasi Hills only.
• Since the district is well connected to Guwahati and attracts a large number of tourists, it could
provide a nodal point for the handicrafts industry in the state.
6.3.Jaintia Hills
Jaintia Hills district came into existence on 22 February 1972. The district headquarters are located at
Jowai. The whole District is full of rugged and undulating terrains with the exception of the deep gorges,
steep precipice and narrow valleys carved out by the rivers of Umngot, Myntdu, Lukha, Myntang and a
good number of other turbulent streams that drain out all over the District. The Jaintia Hills is richly
endowed with natural resources.
6.3.1 Economy
The GDDP of the Jaintia Hills district was Rs 118,488 lakh (as of 2007-08). The per capita DDP of
Jaintia Hills district was Rs 36,511(as of 2007-08). The district is very rich in natural resources. Coal and
Limestone mining is the major economic activity in the district. A large number of cement companies are
operating in the district.
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6.3.2Demography
The district occupies an area of 3819 km². According to the 2011 census Jaintia Hills has a population
of 299,108 and literacy rate of 51.87 per cent.
6.3.3 Infrastructure
Jowai the Headquarter of the District is connected with Shillong and Silchar by NH-44. All five block
Headquarters in the district have also been connected by roads. Important places connected by metalled
roads are Khanduli, Garampani and Dawki. Recently, Jowai-Amlarem-Dawki road has been declared as
National Highway. Jowai town is well connected with the rest of the country by the S.T.D. facilities
availed by the telecom company BSNL.
TABLE 32: AMENITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES - JAINTIA HILLS
Facilities Number of villages
Drinking water facilities 462
Safe Drinking water 415
Electricity (Power Supply) 291
Electricity (domestic) 258
Electricity (Agriculture) 2
Source: Census 2001
Total inhibited villages in the district are 467 out of which about 462 villages have drinking water
facilities. Power supply is available in only 291 villages.
Education Infrastructure:
There are 383 villages with primary schooling facilities in the district. The number of villages with
college is three.
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TABLE 33: EDUCATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE- JAINTIA HILLS
Education Infrastructure in Jaintia Hills
Primary school 383
Middle schools 124
Secondary/Sr Secondary schools 47
College 3
Source: Census 2001
6.3.4Employment Pattern
There are 126,877 workers in the district with nearly 75 per cent of them main workers. The number of
non-workers stands at 172,231. About 54.6 per cent of the main workers are cultivators and 17.9 per cent
are agricultural labourers.
FIGURE 18 : EMPLOYMENT PATTERN IN JAINTIA HILLS
Source: Census 2001
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
Main Workers Marginal Workers Non- Workers
95,635
31,242
172,231
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
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6.3. 5Potential sectors in district
Based on the factor advantages, following sectors have been identified in the district for skilling:
Hotels:
• Significant mining activity in the district will attract business tourists.
• Presence of plenty of tourists spots in and around the district.
• „Mesmerizing Meghalaya‟ – branding of Meghalaya tourism.
• Improving perception regarding security in the state in mainland India.
Horticulture:
• Major producer of citrus fruits after East Khasi Hills district.
• Conducive climate and increasing government focus providing impetus to horticulture growth in
the district.
Mining:
• Contributed almost 39 per cent to the state‟s limestone production in 2009-10.
• Almost 40 per cent of installed capacity of cement plants concentrated in Jaintia Hills district.
• Many mining projects in the pipeline.
• Contributed about 65 per cent to the state‟s coal production in 2009-10. However most of it is
done illegally.
6.4.Ri Bhoi
Ri Bhoi district is one of the youngest districts of Meghalaya which came into existence on the 4th June
1992. The district was carved out from the erstwhile East Khasi Hills district. The district is bounded on
the North by the Kamrup, Morigoan and Nagoan districts of Assam, on the East by the Karbi Anglong
district of Assam, on the South by East Khasi Hills & West Khasi Hills districts and on the West by the
West Khasi district. Nongpoh is the district headquarters.
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6.4.1 Economy
The GDDP of the Ri Bhoi district was Rs 55,093 lakh (as of 2007-08). The per capita DDP of Ri Bhoi
district is Rs 26,314(as of 2007-08). In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Ri Bhoi one of the
country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).
6.4.2Demography
The district occupies an area of 2448 km². According to the 2011 census Ri Bhoi has a population of
192,790 and literacy of 65.73 per cent.
6.4.3 Infrastructure
The headquarters of the District, Nongpoh is located 53 km away from the state capital Shillong and 50
km from Guwahati. This district is characterized by rugged and irregular land surface. The nearest Rail
head and airport are situated at Guwahati. There is an airstrip suitable for small aircrafts at Umroi. The
agricultural and other products are transported by trucks, jeeps and tractors. Ri Bhoi is well connected
with other parts of the State by motorable road.
TABLE 34: AMENITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES - RI BHOI
Facilities Number of
villages
Drinking water facilities 543
Safe Drinking water 455
Electricity (Power Supply) 359
Electricity (domestic) 350
Electricity (Agriculture) -
Source: Census 2001
All inhibited villages in Ri Bhoi have drinking water facilities. However, power supply is available in
only 455 villages.
Education Infrastructure:
About 457 villages in the district have primary schools, 99 villages have middle schools and 23 villages
have secondary/senior secondary schools in the district.
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TABLE 35: EDUCATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE- RI BHOI
Education Infrastructure in Ri Bhoi
Primary school 457
Middle schools 99
Secondary/Sr Secondary schools 23
College 1
Source: Census 2001
6.4.4Employment Pattern
There are 89,407 workers in the district. Almost 80 per cent of them are main workers. The number of
non-workers stands at 103,383. Almost 60 per cent of the main workers are cultivators indicating that
agriculture is the mainstay of the district economy.
FIGURE 19: EMPLOYMENT PATTERN IN RI BHOI
Source: Census 2001
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
Main Workers Marginal Workers Non- Workers
71,237
18,170
103,383
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6.4. 5Potential sectors in district
Based on the factor advantages, following sectors have been identified in the district for skilling:
Horticulture:
• Strawberry cultivation becoming popular in the district.
• Abundance and variety of fruits produced in the district.
• Favourable climate and diverse agro climatic situations suitable for tropical and temperate
flowers
• Greenhouse floriculture units for development of floriculture established with the aid of
Directorate of Horticulture.
Fruit Processing:
• Significant fruit production in the district to support fruit processing industries.
• Both national and international market (Bangladesh) available for processed products.
• Well connected with Guwahati which is the major economic hub in the north-east region.
Bamboo based industry:
• Market connectivity.
• Umiam Industrial Area housing other forest based industries.
Handicrafts:
• Traditional activity in the district.
• Good connectivity with Guwahati.
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6.5.South Garo Hills
The South Garo Hills district lies in the southern part of the state of Meghalaya, and was created on 18th
June, 1992. The district is hilly with difficult terrain with its headquarter at Baghmara, the only town in
the district.
6.5.1 Economy
The GDDP of the South Garo Hills district was Rs 43,543 lakh (as of 2007-08), minimal contribution by
any district in Meghalaya‟s GSDP. The per capita DDP of South Garo Hills district is Rs 39,473(as of
2007-08), second highest after East Khasi Hills district. In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named
South Garo one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).
6.5.2Demography
The district occupies an area of 1850 km². According to the Census 2011, South Garo Hill district has a
population of 100,980 and literacy rate of 55 per cent. The Garos constitute the majority in the East
Garo Hills district as is evident from the name of the district. The Garos have a matrilineal society
where children adopt their mother clan.
6.5.3 Infrastructure
The headquarters of the District, Baghmara is located 350 km away from from Guwahati. The nearest
Rail head and airport is situated at Guwahati. The agricultural and other products are transported by
trucks, jeeps and tractors.
TABLE 36: AMENITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES - SOUTH GARO HILLS
Facilities Number of
villages
Drinking water facilities 595
Safe Drinking water 363
Electricity (Power Supply) 117
Electricity (domestic) 108
Electricity (Agriculture) 1
Source: Census 2001
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All inhibited villages in South Garo Hills district have drinking water facilities. However, power supply is
available in only 363 villages.
Education Infrastructure:
Out of total 595 inhibited villages, there are about 416 villages with primary schooling facilities in the
district.
TABLE 37: EDUCATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE- SOUTH GARO HILLS
Education Infrastructure in South Garo Hills
Primary school 416
Middle schools 71
Secondary/Sr Secondary schools 22
College -
Source: Census 2001
6.5.4Employment Pattern
There are 47,848 workers in the district. Almost 65 per cent of them are main workers. There are 53,132
non-workers in the district. About 63 per cent of the main workers are cultivators indicating that it is a
predominantly agrarian economy.
FIGURE 20: EMPLOYMENT PATTERN IN SOUTH GARO HILLS
Source: Census 2001
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
Main Workers Marginal Workers Non- Workers
31,351
16,497
53,132
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6.5.5Potential sectors in district
Based on the factor advantages, following sectors have been identified in the district for skilling:
Horticulture:
• Favourable climate.
• Abundance and variety of fruits produced in the district.
Handloom:
• Garos are well-known for their handlooms products in North-East India. They produce only for
local consumption and not in large scale.
• In absence of significant economic activity and with establishment of more Handloom Weavers‟
Cooperative Societies in the district, large scale production can be undertaken to for
commercialisation.
6.6.West Khasi Hills
West Khasi Hills, presently the largest district of Meghalaya, was carved out of the erstwhile
Khasi Hills District on the 28th October, 1976. It lies in the central part of Meghalaya. It is bounded on
the north-west by Kamrup district of Assam, on the north-east by Ri Bhoi district, on the east by East
Khasi Hills district, on the south by Bangladesh, on the west by East Garo and South Garo Hills
districts. Nongstoin is the Headquarter of the District.
6.6.1 Economy
The GDDP of the West Khasi Hills district was Rs 54,882 lakh (as of 2007-08). The per capita DDP of
West Khasi Hills district is Rs 17,108(as of 2007-08), lowest in the state. The economy is predominantly
agrarian.
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6.6.2Demography
The district occupies an area of 5247 km² which is about 23 per cent of the area of the state. According
to the 2011 census West Khasi Hill district has a population of 296,049 and literacy rate of 65.1 per
cent. The people of the District have their distinct dialects of about 23 in number. Majority of these
dialectical groups, understand Khasi, which is common or link language of the people.
6.6.3 Infrastructure
The nearest Rail head and airport are situated at Guwahati.
TABLE 38: AMENITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES - WEST KHASI HILLS
Facilities Number of
villages
Drinking water facilities 923
Safe Drinking water 719
Electricity (Power Supply) 326
Electricity (domestic) 320
Electricity (Agriculture) 2
Source: Census 2001
Almost all inhibited villages in West Khasi Hills district have drinking water facilities. However, power
supply is available in about only one-third of villages.
Education Infrastructure:
About 877 villages in the district have primary schooling facilities. Secondary/senior secondary schools
are present in 59 villages.
TABLE 39: EDUCATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE- WEST KHASI HILLS
Education Infrastructure in West Khasi Hills
Primary school 877
Middle schools 185
Secondary/Sr Secondary schools 59
College 1
Source: Census 2001
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6.6.4Employment Pattern
There are 129,095 workers in the district. More than 75 per cent of them are main workers. There are
166,954 non-workers in the district. Almost 67 per cent of the main workers are cultivators.
FIGURE 21: EMPLOYMENT PATTERN IN WEST KHASI HILLS
Source: Census 2001
6.6. 5Potential sectors in district
Based on the factor advantages, following sectors have been identified in the district for skilling:
Bamboo and Cane:
• Bamboo and cane available in abundance from forest.
Horticulture:
• Fruit production in abundance in the district.
• Conducive climate and increasing government focus providing impetus to horticulture growth in
the district.
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
Main Workers Marginal Workers Non- Workers
97,784
31,311
166,954
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Mining:
• Very rich in mineral resources.
• Important minerals in the district are Sillimanite, Coal, limestone and Uranium
Handicrafts:
• About 83 per cent of the handicraft SSIs is concentrated in Khasi Hills only.
6.7.West Garo Hills
West Garo Hills is one of the largest districts of Meghalaya. The West Garo Hills district lies on the
western part of the state of Meghalaya bounded by the East Garo Hills district on the east, the South Garo
Hills on the south-east, the Goalpara district of Assam on the north and north-west and Bangladesh on the
south. The district headquarters of West Garo Hills is Tura, which is the second largest town in the State
after Shillong.
6.7.1 Economy
The GDDP of the West Garo Hills district was Rs 126,375 lakh (as of 2007-08), highest after East Khasi
hills district. The per capita DDP of West Garo Hills district is Rs 22,454(as of 2007-08). In 2006 the
Ministry of Panchayati Raj named West Garo one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a
total of 640).
6.7.2Demography
The district occupies an area of 3714 km². According to the 2011 census South Garo Hill district has a
population of 518,390 and literacy rate of 50.67 per cent. The population is pre-dominantly inhabited by
the Garos, a tribe with a matrilineal society belonging to the Bodo family of the Tibeto-Burman race
tribes. Other indigenous inhabitants are the Hajongs, Rabhas, Koches, Rajbansis, Meches, Kacharis and
Dalus.
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6.7.3 Infrastructure
Tura, the headquarters of the district, is well connected by road with other places in the district as well as
with the rest of the Meghalaya and Assam. The nearest railhead and airport are located in Guwahati which
is about 220 km.
TABLE 40: AMENITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES - WEST GARO HILLS
Facilities Number of villages
Drinking water facilities 1,465
Safe Drinking water 1,314
Electricity (Power Supply) 536
Electricity (domestic) 488
Electricity (Agriculture) 6
Source: Census 2001
Almost all inhibited villages in West Garo Hills district have drinking water facilities. However, power
supply is available in nearly 36 per cent of the villages indicating the poor state of power in the district.
Education Infrastructure:
There are 1,118 villages with primary schools in West Garo Hills district. About 286 of the villages have
middle schools.
TABLE 41: EDUCATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE - WEST GARO HILLS
Education Institutions in West Garo Hills
Primary school 1,118
Middle schools 286
Secondary/Sr Secondary schools 97
College 2
Source: Census 2001
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6.7.4Employment Pattern
There are 208,361 workers in the district. About 78 per cent of them are main workers. There are 310,029
non-workers in the district. About 56 per cent of the main workers are cultivators.
FIGURE 22: EMPLOYMENT PATTERN IN WEST GARO HILLS
Source: Census 2001
6.7. 5Potential sectors in district
Based on the factor advantages, following sectors have been identified in the district for skilling:
Horticulture:
• Conducive climate and increasing government focus providing impetus to horticulture growth in
the district.
• Abundance and variety of fruits produced in the district.
Handloom:
• Garos are well-known for their handlooms products in North-East India. They produce only for
local consumption and not in large scale.
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
Main Workers Marginal Workers Non- Workers
163,008
45,353
310,029
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• In absence of significant economic activity and with establishment of more Handloom Weavers‟
Cooperative Societies in the district, large scale production can be undertaken to for
commercialisation.
Hotels:
• Presence of plenty of tourists spots in and around the district.
• „Mesmerizing Meghalaya‟ – branding of Meghalaya tourism.
• Improving perception regarding security in the state in mainland India.
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PART – II (d): Skill Gap Analysis
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
79
6.1 Tourism
Tourism in Meghalaya has gained momentum in the last few years. It has immense untapped potential for
further growth. Currently, it is mainly concentrated in the East Khasi Hills. However, Garo Hills also
have huge potential.
The State Government is undertaking a number of schemes for the development of this sector for revenue
and employment generation. It has branded tourism in state by coining the term „Mesmerizing
Meghalaya’.
FIGURE 23: DOMESTIC TOURIST ARRIVALS
Source: Meghalaya Statistical Abstract, 2009
In 2008-09, Meghalaya attracted 554,973 tourists. Of these, 99 per cent were domestic. The tourist
arrivals have increased at a CAGR of 14 per cent between 2000 and 2009. As of 2008-09, there were 70
tourist spots in Meghalaya. Of these, almost half were located in East Khasi Hills. To boost tourism sector
in the state, a New Tourism Policy has come into effect in February 2011.
169,929 178,697
268,529
371,953 433,495
375,911 400,287 457,685
549,954
-
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
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FIGURE 24: FOREIGN TOURIST ARRIVALS
Source: Meghalaya Statistical Abstract, 2009
Meghalaya Tourism Policy, 2011, focuses on a diverse range of services. Strategies for tourism
development identified under the policy are as under:
• To develop destinations and circuit development.
• To create and improve infrastructure along with better management of mega tourism projects.
• A well-designed plan for capacity building and manpower training will help make tourism
development successful.
• Joint venture in cases where unique products involving special proprietary information or brand
image are needed to be introduced to a location.
• To include tourism as an industry so that stake holders can take advantage of the various
incentives under the North East Industrial and Investment Promotion Policy (NEIIPP).
• To identify and promote new opportunities and products for the future development of tourism in
Meghalaya.
• To develop an effective marketing strategy so as to project a positive image for Meghalaya in the
international and national market as a unique and preferred destination to visit.
2,327 2,390 3,191
6,304
12,707
5,099 4,259
5,267 4,919
-
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
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• To upgrade visitor facilities.
Potential area for future development identified under the policy is as under:
• Adventure / sports tourism
• Wildlife / Eco-tourism
• Cultural tourism
• Meetings, Incentives, Conventions & Exhibition Tourism (MICE)
• Wellness, health and herbal tourism
• Unique lodging products
• Local souvenir tourism
• Golf tourism
• Pilgrimage tourism
• Legend tourism
• Heritage tourism
• Music tourism
• Strawberry tourism
• Premium tourist destinations
• Package tours
• Cuisine tourism
• Film tourism
• Weekend / day tourism
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6.1(a) Skill mapping and gap analysis: Tourism sector
Entity Role Expected competencies Skill gaps
Tour
operators /
travel
guides
• Ability to create attractive local
tourist package
• Ability to network with outside (both
domestic and
abroad) tour operators
• Market understanding
• Ability to brand
• Event management
• Route planning and optimisation
• Excellent sales and marketing
• Ability to develop attractive pricing strategy
• Ability to liaison with airline, hotels and
local community
• Ability to manage tourist expectations
• Man management skills
• Customer Relationship Management
• Computer skills
• Ability to speak in English
• Lack of market
understanding
• Lack of skills on route
planning and optimisation
• Inability to develop
attractive pricing strategy
• Lack of soft skills
• Inability to network with
customers and allied
entities
• Poor customer service
quality
• Lack of computer skills
• Inability to speak in
English
Logistics
providers
• Ability to provide
uninterrupted
logistics support
• Ability to relate
with domestic and
foreign tourists
• Understanding of local and English speaking
skills
• Time management
• Route planning and optimization
• Customer relationship management
• Excellent trouble shooting skills
• Ability to follow standard operating
procedure
• Ability to maintain business etiquette
• Inability to speak in
English
• Lack of skills on route
planning and optimisation
• Lack customer relationship
management
• Inability to follow standard
operation procedures
• Inability to provide
uninterrupted support
• Lack of uniform pricing
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Hotels
• Ability to provide
customer service
• Ability to perform
multi-functions
• Understanding of local language and English
speaking skills
• Customer relationship management
• Excellent trouble shooting skills
• Understanding of cultural differences
• Understanding of hotel functions, including
procurement of raw material, cooking etc.
• Computer skills
• Ability to maintain financial records
• Ability to maintain business etiquette
• Poor English speaking
skills
• Lack of computer skills
• Lack of soft skills
• Lack of customer
relationship management
and allied services
Source:IMaCS Survey and Analysis
6.2 Mining
Meghalaya has large limestone reserves estimated at 15,100 million tonnes. Of these, 63 per cent are
proven, 26 per cent are inferred and 11 per cent are indicated reserves. The types of limestone found in
the State vary from cement to chemical grade. These are suitable for steel, fertilizer and cement
industries. As of 2008, there were 10 functional cement plants in the state, having a total installed
capacity of 6,240 TPD. About 40 per cent of these were concentrated in Jaintia Hills. As of 2008, about
24 more plants were in pipeline. As of 2007-08, the state also had 166 cement based small scale industries
(SSIs). About 70 per cent of these were in East Khasi Hills.
FIGURE 25: LIMESTONE PRODUCTION
(„000 Metric Tonnes)
Source: Meghalaya Statistical Abstract, 2009
235 585 641 722 655
1,044
2,133 2,153
3,876 3,882
-
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
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FIGURE 26: DISTRICT-WISE LIMESTONE PRODUCTION
(2009-2010, „000 MT)
Source: Department of Mining and Geology Meghalaya
Meghalaya exports large quantities of limestone and coal to Bangladesh. There exists a complementarily
between the resources of Meghalaya and Bangladesh. For instance, a cement factory at Chhatak in
Bangladesh, fully depends on Meghalaya for limestone. Likewise, the tea gardens, jute mills, and brick
making units in Bangladesh largely depend on coal mined in Meghalaya.
FIGURE 27: EXPORTS TO BANGLADESH
(„000 MT)
Sources: Meghalaya Statistical Abstract, 2009
East Khasi Hills, 60.4%
Jaintia Hills, 38.6%
South Garo Hills, 1.1%
241 215 181 173 135
593 550
1,517
755 768 876 907 814
704
996
737
-
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-082008-09 (till Jan 09)
Limestone Coal
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Coal is available in abundance in the state. The estimated reserves are 576.48 million tonnes. Of these, 23
per cent are proven and 77 per cent are inferred reserves. The grade found in the state is sub-bituminous,
with medium to high sulphur. These are suitable as fuel for power generation, in producing iron, steel and
gas and to make coke for metallurgical purposes. Most of the coal reserves are on private lands. Private
individuals control the mining activities. Due to small scale mining activity, age-old rat-hole method is
employed for mining, which is highly unscientific. It is leading to health hazards for the labourers along
with environmental degradation.
FIGURE 28: COAL PRODUCTION
(„000 MT)
Sources: Meghalaya Statistical Abstract, 2009
FIGURE 29: DISTRICT-WISE COAL PRODUCTION
(2009-2010, „000 MT)
Sources: Department of Mining and Geology Meghalaya
Most of the upcoming projects in Meghalaya are either coal or limestone based.
3,464
5,149 4,406
5,439 5,345 5,629 5,787 6,541
5,489 5,767
-
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
1991-92 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
Jaintia Hills,
64.5%
Garo Hills,
27.1%
Khasi Hills, 8.4%
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TABLE 42: LIST OF PROJECTS ANNOUNCED
Projects announced in 2011 Promoter Status
Ferro Alloys Unit, 53,000 tpa at Shallang, Nongstoin, West Khasi
Hills district
Brijraj Power &
Metallics Project underway.
Lafarge Mining Project - supply of limestone to the cement plant
at Chhatak in Bangladesh from the quarry located at Nongtrai, East
Khasi Hills.
Lafarge Umiam Mining
Private Ltd (LUMPL)
Environmental
clearance received.
500 MW East Garo Hills Coal Based Power Project NEEPCO In planning stage.
240 MW Coal Based Power Project in West Khasi Hills District NEEPCO In planning stage.
12 MW Coal Based Project in Jaintia Hills District Amrit Cement Industries
Limited
Civil work under
progress.
Ferro Alloy Production Project in West Khasi Hills Meghalaya Ferrous
Limited
Civil work under
progress.
Source: IMaCS Research
6.2(a) Skill mapping and gap analysis: Mining
Entity Role Expected competencies Skill gaps
Limestone
and coal
mining
Extraction of
limestone and
coal from the
mines
• Ability to operate mining machines like
dumpers, loaders and excavators
• Ability to drill using the drilling machine
• Blasting skills
• Skills for doing jobs of a foreman
• Ability to break coal / limestone into smaller
pieces for supplying to the industry
• Knowledge of scientific methods of mining,
especially for coal mining
• Lack knowledge of scientific
methods for mining
• Mainly using rat hole method
for coal extraction
• Locals lack specialised skills, so
personnel have to be imported
from other states.
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87
Cement
plants
Plant
processing,
grinding,
packing and
transporting
• Knowledge of crushing and grinding
• Understanding of the process of
clinkerisation
• Ability to maintain quality
• Maintain corporate discipline and culture
• Quality control engineer
• Mechanical, process, chemical, electrical
and instrumentation engineers
• Packaging and transportation
• Marketing
• Maintenance: Fitters, welders, electricians,
drivers, etc.
• Most of the workers hired by
the cement plants are not
employable and have to be
trained on the job
• For higher skill set, engineers
are hired from outside the state
• Lack of corporate culture is
prevalent
• Lack of maintenance skills
Sources: IMaCS Survey and Analysis
6.3 Horticulture
Meghalaya has suitable climate for cultivation of wide variety of horticulture crops such as fruits,
vegetables, spices, aromatic and ornamental plants, medicinal plants and plantation crops. The key fruits
grown in the state are pineapple, citrus fruits, banana, papaya and strawberries. Other potential fruits
include plums, peaches, guava, mango, litchi, lemon, etc. There is lot of potential for spices like ginger,
chillies, and turmeric. The Lakadong turmeric is world famous and exported. Tea, cashew nut, areca nut
and rubber are also grown. Floriculture has immense potential with climate conducive for flowers like
orchids, bulbous plants, chrysanthemum, gerbera, gladiolus, marigold, carnations, birds of paradise, etc.
FIGURE 30: AREA HARVESTED
(HECTARES)
Sources: State Development Report of Meghalaya 2008-09
-2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000
10,000 12,000
Pine-apples Citrus fruits* Banana Papaya
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88
FIGURE 31: HORTICULTURE PRODUCTION
(TONNES)
Sources: State Development Report of Meghalaya 2008-09
FIGURE 32: DISTRICT-WISE PRODUCTION OF KEY FRUITS IN MEGHALAYA
(2008-09)
-20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000
100,000 120,000
Pine-apples Citrus fruits Banana Papaya
Ri Bhoi39%
West Garo Hills23%
East Garo Hills20%
South Garo Hills7%
East Khasi Hills6%
West Khasi Hills4% Jaintia Hills
1%
Pine-apples
West Garo Hills31%
East Garo Hills25%
Ri Bhoi20%
East Khasi Hills11%
West Khasi Hills6%
South Garo Hills5%
Jaintia Hills2%
Banana
NSDC Skill Gap Study of the North East - Meghalaya
89
Sources: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Meghalaya; IMaCS Analysis
Presently, Meghalaya has three fruit processing units:
• One is at Shillong with an installed capacity of 60 metric tonnes.
• Second is at Dainadubi in East Garo Hills with an installed capacity of 40 metric tonnes.
• Third is at K.D. Industry at Chibinang Village, West Garo hills.
These processing plants produce squashes, canned fruits, juices, jams, jellies, marmalades and pickles. In
addition, there are a few Self Help Groups (SHGs) also running small processing units. Given the
horticulture abundance in the State, there is immense potential for setting up processing units. However,
the state is facing some of the constraints in development of this sector. These include:
• Inadequate infrastructure for post-harvest management
• Land use and tenure system
• Poor transport infrastructure
• Lack of a robust distribution and marketing infrastructure for horticulture produce
• Lack of well-established processing infrastructure to manage the horticultural produce, etc.
• Supply chain and branding issue.
• Credit availability is also a serious concern.
East Khasi Hills53%
Jaintia Hills17%
West Khasi Hills13%
West Garo Hills9%
Ri Bhoi4%
East Garo Hills3%
South Garo Hills
1%
Citrus fruits
East Garo Hills28%
Ri Bhoi25%
West Garo Hills25%
East Khasi Hills14%
West Khasi Hills5%
South Garo Hills
2% Jaintia Hills1%
Papaya
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6.3(a) Skill mapping and gap analysis: Horticulture
Entity Role Expected competencies Skill gaps
Grower To grow the crop
with best
possible
productivity and
quality
• Knowledge of growing pattern of different
crops, seasons fore harvesting and planting
• Knowledge about high quality seeds
• Knowledge about pest control, which
includes management of weeds, insects /
mites, and diseases
• Good understanding of cultural practices
which include crop rotation, culling, cover
crops, intercropping, double cropping,
composting etc.
• Understanding of international standards to
ensure best quality and higher production
• Lack of knowledge about
high quality seeds
• Lack understanding of
cultural practices like crop
rotation, inter cropping,
double cropping etc.
• Lack understanding of
international standards
• Lack of knowledge on new
techniques in agriculture
• Lack of knowledge on soil
conservation / preservation
techniques
Growers /
Labourer
Harvesting and
Post harvesting
management of
the crops
• Awareness on appropriate methods and time
of harvesting
• Prevention of microbial contamination of
fresh produce
• Understanding of sanitization of vegetables
and fruits by dipping and flowers by
spraying
• Understanding of best practices of sorting,
grading and packaging
• Ensuring worker hygiene and sanitation
practices
• Cold storage
• Lack understanding of best
practices of sorting, grading
and packaging*
• Lack understanding of cold
storage system
• Lack mechanisation and
technical skills at all levels
Marketing
agents
Marketing of
crops in raw or
processed forms
• Understanding of basic processing
technologies, like processing fruits into
pulp, juice, jam, jelly, pickle etc. for sale in
local market and even outside the state
• Capability to establish market linkages
• Understanding of market demand
• Understanding of pricing methodology
• Capability to strike good bargains with the
potential buyers both in domestic and
international markets
• Ability to ensure timely transportation of
cost to prevent it from getting perished and
wasted
• Soft skills to deal with clients
• Lack the capability to
establish market linkages
• Lack understanding of market
demand
• Lack understanding of pricing
methodology
• Not capable to strike bargains
• Unable to ensure timely
transportation
• Lack of managerial skills
• Lack of report writing skills
• Lack soft skills
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Entity Role Expected competencies Skill gaps
Fruit
processing
entrepreneur
Processing of
fruits and
vegetables
• Ability to visually examine fruits /
vegetables and separate rotten fruits /
vegetables
• Ability to differentiate between different
quality grades based on size and other
normative approaches
• Ability to appropriately size / dice as well as
the ability to make end produce visually
appealing
• Knowledge of latest preservation and
processing technologies
• Ability to adapt to newer storage
technologies
• Sensitisation to quality control
• Branding knowledge
• Strong negotiation skills
• Packing, selling and marketing skills
• Lack of knowledge of latest
preservation and processing
technologies
• Lack if ability to adapt to
newer storage technologies
• Lack of branding knowledge
• Lack of strong negotiation
skills
• Lack of understanding of
latest packaging techniques
• Lack of marketing skills
• Lack of soft skills
Sources: IMaCS Survey and Analysis
6.4 Handloom and Handicraft
Handloom weaving is an important rural cottage based industry in the state. The sector is basically a
women oriented activity providing self-employment. As of 2008, there were 25,000 weaver households,
working primarily with traditional looms and designs and catering to households and vicinity markets.
Over 91 per cent of handloom SSIs are concentrated in Garo Hills. As of 2008, the state had 24 weaving
training centres, 21 weaving demonstration centres, 24 handloom demonstration cum production centres,
and eight handloom production centres. There is also a state level handloom training centre at
Mendipathar in East Garo Hills.
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FIGURE 33: SSIS IN HANDLOOM
Sources: Meghalaya Statistical Abstract, 2009
FIGURE 34: DISTRICT-WISE DISTRIBUTION OF HANDLOOM SSIS
Sources: Meghalaya Statistical Abstract, 2009
Meghalaya is also known for its traditional handicrafts. Local artisans use cane, bamboo, dry flowers,
pine corns, etc., to make handicraft products. Some SHGs and NGOs are also engaged in candle making.
Most of these products are either sold locally or in neighbouring states. As of 2008, the state had 53 SSIs
engaged in handicrafts, employing 202 persons. About 83 per cent of the handicrafts SSIs are
concentrated in Khasi Hills only.
182 254 297 327 344 362 1,041
1,417 1,662 1,863 1,975
2,081
-
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
2000-01 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
No. of SSIs No. of persons employed
East Garo Hills69%
West Garo Hills23%
West Khasi Hills3%
South Garo Hills2% Others
3%
No of SSIs
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FIGURE 35: SSIS IN HANDICRAFT
Sources: Meghalaya Statistical Abstract, 2009
FIGURE 36: DISTRICT-WISE DISTRIBUTION OF HANDICRAFTSSIS
Sources: Meghalaya Statistical Abstract, 2009
Rearing of worms for Eri, Mulberry and Muga silk is traditionally practiced in rural areas as a cottage
industry. As of 2008, there were 1,812 villages involved in sericulture with 28,923 families engaged in it.
There are 12 sericulture farms, four mulberry silk reeling units and four muga silk reeling units. There is
also a state-level sericulture training institute at Ummulong. The sector is facing infrastructure
inadequacy. No new assets have been created in the last 10 years. The farms are ageing and under-
developed. Ancient practices are being used for rearing of cocoons and silk production. About 70 per cent
of the cocoon production is transported to Assam for conversion.
24 24 31 53 53 82 82
112
202 202
-
50
100
150
200
250
2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
No. of SSIs No. of persons employed
East Khasi Hills72%
West Khasi Hills11%
Ri Bhoi11%
Garo Hills6%
No of SSIs
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TABLE 43: PRODUCTION OF COCOONS AND SILK IN MEGHALAYA
Year
Mulberry, '000
kgs
Eri,
'000 kgs
Muga, lakh
numbers
Quantity of raw
silk produced,
kg
2000-01 23 322 128 270
2001-02 18 374 182 2,391
2002-03 18 361 217 13,032
2003-04 21 423 290 21,762
2004-05 22 341 254 13,032
2005-06 20 295 269 21,762
2006-07 11 252 302 13,032
2007-08 14 425 432 13,032 Sources:Meghalaya Statistical Abstract, 2009
6.4(a) Skill mapping and gap analysis: Handloom and Handicraft
Entity Role Expected competencies Skill gaps
Handloom
weaver
Produce
quality
handloom
products
• Knowledge of pre loom processing, including
dyeing
• Knowledge of spinning and weaving
• Knowledge of post loom processing
• Knowledge of new technology
• Understanding of market developments
• Understanding of customer preferences
• Ability to create new designs
• Ability to create new product differentiation
• Ability to manufacture consistent quality
products
• Ability to reduce lead-time
• Ability to market products
• Create market oriented products
• Lack of knowledge of new
technology, market
developments, and customer
preferences
• Lack of ability to create new
designs and create new product
differentiation
• Lack of ability to manufacture
consistent quality products and
to market products
• Lack of ability to reduce lead
time
• Lack of knowledge to create
market oriented products
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Entity Role Expected competencies Skill gaps
Handicraft -
craftsperson
Manufacture
handicrafts
using cane,
bamboo and
wood
• Knowledge of use of tools and materials
• Ability to perform intricate work / finishing
• Hand control to preserve intricate designs
• Knowledge and skills for design
• Ability to transfer skills to inexperienced
craftsman
• Ability to conceptualise and create new
designs
• Ability to market products and create market
oriented products
• Lack of ability to perform
intricate work / finishing
• Lack of knowledge and skills
for designs and ability to
conceptualise and create new
designs
• Inability to market products
and create market oriented
products
• Lack of packaging skills
• Lack of uniformity in products
Sources: IMaCS Survey and Analysis
6.5 Forest based industry
Cane and bamboo are available in abundance in Meghalaya. The coverage of natural bamboo forests in
Meghalaya has been estimated to be about 3,108 sq. km., which is about 14 per cent of State‟s
geographical area. About 36 species of bamboo are found in Meghalaya. It finds varied uses in household,
for handicrafts, as poles in the villages and cities, as raw material to the paper mills located in Assam.
As of 2008, there were 486 small scale industries making cane and bamboo products, employing 1,799
persons.Over 70 per cent of these were located in Khasi Hills only.There are also a few medium scale
industries also, manufacturing bamboo dust panels, bamboo mat boards, etc.
FIGURE 37: SSI - CANE AND BAMBOO
Source: Meghalaya Statistical Abstract, 2009
254 299 323 371 421 486 960 1,115 1,213 1,358 1,573 1,799
-
1,000
2,000
2000-01 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
No. of SSIs No. of persons employed
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FIGURE 38: DISTRICT-WISE DISTRIBUTION OF BAMBOO AND CANE SSI‟S
Sources: Meghalaya Statistical Abstract, 2009
Meghalaya has abundant forest resources. Based on which, many large, medium and small scale
industries have come up. These include saw mills (all scales) and wooden furniture units (mainly small
scale). There are 12 saw and saw cum veneering mills in the Umiam Industrial Area (Ri-Bhoi), five saw
mills in Jaintia Hills industrial area and nine saw mills in Nongstoin industrial area.In addition, there are
87 SSIs in saw mill units. About 60 per cent of these are concentrated in Khasi Hills, followed by 19.5 per
cent in Jaintia Hills. Plywood sheets made at the saw mills are sold in neighbouring states like Nagaland,
Bihar, Kolkata and Assam. As of 2008, there are 604 SSIs manufacturing wooden furniture, employing
3,018 persons. Over 60 per cent of these are concentrated in Khasi Hills, followed by 11 per cent in Garo
Hills.
FIGURE 39: SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY IN WOODEN FURNITURE
Source: Meghalaya Statistical Abstract, 2009
East Khasi Hills, 36.6%
West Khasi Hills, 34.4%
East Garo Hills, 8.2%
West Garo Hills, 7.4%
South Garo Hills, 6.8%
Jaintia Hills, 3.9% Ri Bhoi, 2.7%
398 503 536 553 578 604
2,015 2,521 2,647 2,764 2,907 3,018
-
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
2000-01 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
No. of SSIs No. of persons employed
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FIGURE 40: SSI SAW MILLING UNITS
Source: Meghalaya Statistical Abstract, 2009
6.5(a) Skill mapping and gap analysis: Forest based industry
Entity Role Expected competencies Skill gaps
Small scale
industries and
artisans
Manufacturing of
bamboo
diversified
products
• Ability to cut cane and bamboo and split
longitudinally into various sizes.
• Ability to do coiling for baskets and
weaving for mats.
• Ability to cut bamboo into sizes of desired
length with the help of cutting tools called
Dao.
• Ability to cut further as per thickness with
the help of different kinds of knives.
• Ability to make different products with
cane and bamboo.
• Ability to clean the ready items with sand
paper and polishing with varnish.
• Lack of marketing skills
• Lack of product finishing
skills
• Lack of standardisation in
process
• Lack of quality control
• Inability to do any value
addition
• Lack of pricing skills
• Lack of standard procedures
Saw mills,
labourers
Manufacturing of
wooden furniture
and ply wood
sheets
• Ability to transport logs to the saw mills
• Ability to cut logs into different shapes
and sizes for making ply wood sheets /
wooden furniture
• Ability to process wood through different
machineries
• Ability to use chemicals, adhesives and
paints for making furniture
• Ability to do finishing using sand paper
and varnish
• This doesn‟t require any
specialised skills. Some basic
skills are only required,
which are imparted on the
job
• Gaps are few, which include
lack of marketing skills and
soft skills
Sources: IMaCS Survey and Analysis
79 84 84 87 87 87
1,175 1,265 1,265 1,328 1,328 1,328
-
500
1,000
1,500
2000-01 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
No. of SSIs No. of persons employed
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6.6 Construction
Meghalaya has many on-going construction projects in sectors like water supply, roads, schools, bridges,
etc. It also has some upcoming coal and hydro based power projects, which are expected to generate
employment for the locals.
TABLE 44: PLANNED PROJECTS IN MEGHALAYA
Project Promoter Cost,
Rs crore
132 kV Single Circuit Line on double circuit towers from
132 kV Rongkhon substation to Ampati
Meghalaya Energy 14.08
Cement Plant of 1.1 mtpa at Nongkhlei Lafarge India 1,000
Cement Unit, capacity of 0.31 mtpa, Badapani, Ri-Bhoi
district
RKB Cement Pvt Ltd -
Solid Waste Disposal Facility facility at Tura and
Nongpoh in East Garo Hills and Ri-Bhoi districts
Meghalaya Urban Devp.
Authority
1.7
Hotel with 160 rooms, at Khanapara in Ri-Bhoi district Meghalaya Infratech Pvt Ltd -
Bamboo Technology Park in Ri Bhoi district. Cane & Bamboo
Technology Centre
-
500 MW Thermal Power Plant in East Garo Hills NEEPCO -
Cement manufacturing expansion project in Upper Ballan,
Ri Bhoi
HM Cement Ltd -
Uranium Ore Mining Project in West Khasi Hills, capacity
2.200 TPD.
Uranium Corporation of
India
-
Hotel project Taj GVK Hotels & Resorts -
State Wide Area Network (SWAN) in Meghalaya Tata Consultancy Services 25
Cement unit, capacity 1.325 mtpa in East Khasi Hills. Jai Umadutt Cement Ltd 220
Bridge (165 m) along the international border in
Meghalaya's Jaintia Hills district for linking India and
Bangladesh.
Ministry of Road Transport
& Highways
23.12
900 MW Kynshi H.E. Project in West Khasi Hills district Phase 1 by Athena Energy
Ventures and Phase 2 by Jay
Pee Group
7,000
The Mawhu H.E. Project, 90 MW, in East Khasi Hills
district
NEEPCO 408
Sources: IMaCS Research
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6.6(a) Skill mapping and gap analysis: Construction
Entity Role Expected competencies Skill gaps
Skilled
workmen
Follow standard
operating
procedure to
achieve required
productivity
• Ability to coordinate with unskilled workmen
• Ability to operate key equipment such as
cranes, and also mechanisms for loading and
unloading of cranes
• Ability to deliver quality output
• Need to be adept in their own trades – e.g.
masonry, plastering, painting, plumbing, etc.
• Need to understand machine operations and
basic machine troubleshooting
• Ability to comply with safety and quality
measures
• Need to have basic knowledge of construction
• Engineering
• Most of the workforce for
construction works is sourced
from Assam and Bihar, as
locals lack both the skills and
the inclination to work in
such projects.
Unskilled
workmen
Follow standard
operating
procedure to
achieve required
productivity
• Ability to perform the operations of
excavation, carrying, cutting, helping of
mason, mixing, spreading of stones, packing
• Ability to be involved in and perform manual
labour intensive work – thus need to be
medically fit
• Need to have an orientation towards safety
requirements and basic workplace practices
• Need to be able to move material as required
– using carts / manually, and thus also need to
be physically strong
• Ability to take instructions from skilled
workmen / supervisors / engineers and
execute them appropriately
• Material preparation / Concrete mixing
• Most of the workforce for
construction works is sourced
from Assam and Bihar, as
locals lack both the skills and
the inclination to work in
such projects
Sources:IMaCS Survey and Analysis
6.7 IT/ITES
IT services are in demand in the state, as the youth trained in IT is able to find employment outside
Meghalaya. In 2010-11, about 6,000 youth from Meghalaya moved to find jobs in IT sector in Bangalore,
Delhi, Mumbai and Pune.
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The Department of Information Technology in Meghalaya is responsible for development of this sector.
Training is provided by the department in collaboration with the private players, like NIIT, Symantec,
SofTech Computer Centre, CADD Centre Training Services, Arctech Groups, Aptech, Tata Info Tech etc.
The Department‟s target is to train 3,000 people per annum. However, limited opportunities are available
locally, making it essential to migrate to find jobs in IT.
6.7(a) Skill mapping and gap analysis: IT/ITES
Entity Role Expected competencies Skill gaps
IT / ITES
Executive
IT staff in hotels
/ govt depts or
private entities
• Reasonable command over English language
• Ability to learn and adhere to processes and
workflows
• Exposure to software such as Microsoft Office
• Problem solving skills
• Soft skills including willingness to work night
shifts, good listening skills, and aptitude to do
repetitive tasks
• Analytical skills
• Data entry
• Maintenance of IT infrastructure
• Lack of trouble shooting skills
• Lack of IT infrastructure
• Problem with the English
speaking accent
• Lack of analytical skills
• Lack of maintenance skills for
IT infrastructure
Sources: IMaCS Survey and Analysis
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PART – II (c): Forecasting of Human Resource Requirement
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102
7.1 Human resource forecasting model
IMaCS has developed a model for estimating human resources requirement for the state based on growth
of potential industries at district level.
FIGURE 41: HUMAN RESOURCES FORECASTING MODEL
Source: IMaCS Analysis
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103
7.2 Incremental demand in Meghalaya
Based on the above forecasting model, incremental human resource requirement in Meghalaya is
estimated to be around 2.49 lakh persons between 2011 and 2021. Another 10 per cent demand may come
from replacement of persons employed at the age of 50-60 years who would retire during this phase.
Major demand industries for human resources will be handicrafts, horticulture, construction and mining.
Some industries such as construction, IT/ITES and hospitality are expected to grow significantly over the
next decade, thus fuelling the demand for human resources in the State.
FIGURE 42: HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENT IN MEGHALAYA
Source: IMaCS Analysis
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Total incremental supply between 2011 and 2021 will be 6.51 lakh. Domestic demand is estimated to be
2.49 lakh which indicates that domestic growth in the State will not be able to absorb the supply of human
resources. This translates into excess supply of 4.02 lakh in the state. This excess supply of human
resources has to be skilled for migration so that they look for job opportunities outside the state.
According to the IMaCS skill pyramid, the total incremental supply and demand are distributed at various
levels of skill pyramid. These skill levels and the corresponding skill profiles are defined as follows:
Specialised skills – Highly qualified and specialized personnel
Skill Category Level 2 – Engineers, Arts and Science and other professionals with some
experience
Skill Category Level 1 – Vocationally trained
Basic Skills – Minimal qualification or 5th-8
th class pass
The total demand at the basic skills level is 1.92 lakh which constitutes bulk of the demand in the next 10
years. This also indicates that most of the industrial activity in the state for the next 10 years is not
expected to be highly technology intensive. Most of the human resources required at this level will be in
handloom, handicrafts, construction and manufacturing enterprises. As compared to domestic demand of
1.92 lakh, the total supply at this level is estimated to be 1.23 lakh indicating a shortfall of about 69,301
resources.
At skill category level 1, the total supply is estimated to be 29,440 as compared to demand of about
69,431 resources indicating excess supply of about 40,000 resources. These resources need to be skilled
in the state so that they can benefit from job opportunities emerging from outside the state. Similarly, at
skill category level 2 there is excess supply of 4.06 lakh resources which needs to be skilled for migration.
Considering such huge numbers, policy interventions at the state government level are also required to
set-up infrastructure for skilling and generating employment opportunities for the youth. At the top of the
pyramid, for the specialised skill level, the excess supply is estimated at 25, 820. Human resources at this
level include master weavers, food technologist, PhDs, Designers, etc.
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105
FIGURE 43: HUMAN RESOURCES DEMAND-SUPPLY SCENARIO IN MEGHALAYA
(2011-2021)
Source: IMaCS Analysis
7.3 District-wise human resource requirement in Meghalaya – 2011-21
East Khasi hills, home to the state capital and economic centre of the State. It is expected to generate
maximum share of demand for human resources in the next ten years. Most of the demand is expected to
be arising out of sectors like handicrafts, construction, horticulture and tourism & hospitality. More than
50 per cent of IT/ITES demand in the state is likely to be arising out of East Khasi Hills alone.
FIGURE 44: DISTRICT-WISE INCREMENTAL HUMAN RESOURCES REQUIREMENT IN MEGHALAYA
(2011-2021)
Districts / sectors
Incremental Human Resource Requirement in 2011 and 2021
Handloom Handicrafts Horticulture Food
processing Tourism & hospitality IT/ITES Healthcare Education Mining
Motor Repair
Forest based industry Construction State
East Garo Hills
3,070
1,157
8,540
75
528
335
200
958
-
931
68
897
16,757
East Khasi Hills
62
43,949
9,078
902
13,115
2,287
1,368
1,729
3,326
2,835
266
11,231
90,149
Jaintia Hills
37
-
9,154
-
2,224
335
363
1,300
17,934
1,234
79
25,152
57,813
Ri Bhoi
62
6,939
6,395
301
528
470
181
749
-
216
32
470
16,341
South Garo Hills
86
2,313
3,363
-
528
94
81
592
-
325
50
5,850
13,282
West Garo Hills
1,023
-
14,050
75
5,971
503
498
1,848
-
476
65
2,776
27,285
West Khasi Hills
123
6,939
10,277
150
528
168
315
1,578
2,438
22
220
4,569
27,327
Meghalaya
4,463
61,297
60,858
1,504
23,421
4,193
3,005
8,753
23,698
6,038
781
50,944
248,954
Source: IMaCS Analysis
After East Khasi Hills, Jaintia Hills is expected to be the source of major incremental demand in the
human resources in the next ten years estimated demand exceeding 90,000. Most of the demand is likely
to be arising out of sectors like mining and horticulture. Many large cement players are already operating
in Jaintia Hills and East Khasi Hills. A large number of cement projects are already in pipeline for either
for expansion of existing capacity or for setting up of new cement plants.
7.4 Stakeholder feedback
IMaCS has interacted with different stakeholders in the State, to gauge their views on skill requirements
in Meghalaya. The Stakeholder feedback is given in the table below.
TABLE 45: STAKEHOLDER FEEDBACK
Stakeholder Key findings
Industry specific feedback
Handloom and
Handicrafts
• Working in cluster/SHG approach
• Training provided locally using primitive tools.
• Younger generation not interested in working in traditional
sectors.
• Better organised handloom sector in Assam impacting demand for
local products.
Horticulture and fruit
processing
• Lack of cold storage facilities.
• Interest in investors to explore area like floriculture, specially for
anthuriums, rose etc. These flowers are also getting exported to
other states.
• Need better infrastructure.
• In Ri-Bhoi, increasing households are engaging in cultivation of
strawberries.
• Lack of grading facilities.
• Market linkage missing for most horticulture products
Hotels • Infrastructure issues deterring investments in areas remote
locations which have high tourism potential
• Poor customer experience
• Majority of the tourism activity concentrated in the state capital,
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108
Stakeholder Key findings
Shillong.
IT / ITES • Lack of human resources with computer efficiency for IT / ITES
• Lack of IT infrastructure
Forestry / Bamboo
based industry
• Training provided by small entrepreneurs to the village artisans.
• Skilling required for value addition to the products.
Mining • Most of the coal mining is done illegally for which still rat hole
method is used for extraction.
• Lack of local manpower which can operate advanced machinery
in cement plants.
• Market for cement mostly limited to North-East region.
Construction • Construction activity undergoing in areas like roads, bridges,
hydro power, building construction
• Locals not interested in working in construction jobs as they
consider it inferior.
• Larger projects execution by construction companies located
outside of state.
Others • There is shortage of good quality personnel in area like healthcare,
education and motor mechanics
Industry feedback
(overall)
• Need to create infrastructure (like roads, electricity, telecom) to
attract skilled employees.
• Locals are not inclined to work in blue collared jobs as they have
a preference for government jobs only.
• Not enough skilled people available locally therefore skilled
manpower has to be imported from outside the state.
• Educational institutions and industry need to work more closely to
industry specific sets and courses to meet industry demand.
• Majority of the workforce passing out of educational/vocational
institutes not employable.
• Absenteeism in the workforce
Government feedback • Focus on factor endowments and resident skills.
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109
Stakeholder Key findings
• Strengthening of existing infrastructure facilities.
• Reclaiming private lands to provide impetus to the developmental
activities.
• Environmental concerns due to increasing mining activity.
Educational
Institutions feedback
• Absence of linkages between educational institutes, employment
exchanges and industry.
• Facilitate employment market information of other states
• Focus on providing good quality training
• Lack of trainers, thus focus on „training the trainers‟
• Need for better infrastructure
Students /
Unemployed youths
feedback
• Open to explore opportunities outside the State, as locally
opportunities are scarce
• After getting exposure outside, willingness to come back if
opportunities are presented
• Preference for Government jobs
• Lack of industrial exposure
Source: IMaCS Analysis
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PART – III: Recommendations
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111
8.1 Interventions for human resource demand-supply gap management
The total domestic supply of human resources for the next ten years in Meghalaya is estimated to be 6.51
lakh as against the total demand of 2.49 lakh. The actual human resource requirement may be slightly
higher as people in the age group of 50-60 who are currently working, are expected to retire during this
period, leaving unoccupied vacancies. Overall, however, an excess human resource supply of 2.49 lakh is
expected. Since the domestic demand is expected to be insufficient to absorb the total supply of human
resources in the next 10 years, the excess manpower would have to be skilled for migration so as to
benefit from the job opportunities arising in other parts of the country or overseas.
FIGURE 45: DEMAND-SUPPLY SCENARIO FOR HUMAN RESOURCES IN
MEGHALAYA
(2011 TO 2021)
Source: IMaCS Analysis
The demand at the basic skills level outstrips the supply which indicates a need for capacity creation at
the bottommost level of skill pyramid. For the other levels of skill pyramid i.e. Skills category level I,II
and specialised skills, the total supply exceeds the total domestic demand which indicates a need to
imparting skills to people enabling them to migrate and hunt for better job opportunities outside the state.
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8.2 Areas for skilling within state – 2011-21
This section covers the sectors which will generate domestic demand and skilling of people at various
levels to cater to the industry demand. Most of the industry demand is concentrated at the bottom of the
pyramid i.e. manpower with basic skills which needs to be addressed through capacity creation.
FIGURE 46: DEMAND SCENARIO - SKILL PYRAMID
Specialised skills include: master weavers, food technologist, PhDs, Designers, etc.
Source: IMaCS Analysis
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TABLE 46: AREAS FOR SKILLING WITHIN STATE BETWEEN 2011 AND 2021
Sector Basic Skills:
1.92 L Skill Category
Level-II: 29,440 Skill Category Level-
I: 24,584 Specialised
Skill: 2,490
Handloom Basic weaving
working with
looms
Weaving with
some experience
deciding patterns,
colours and designs
Entrepreneurship ,
managing working
capital, overseeing the
weaving process, and establishing market
linkages
Master weaver,
Designing
Handicraft Basket making,
furniture making, making different
crafts using
bamboo, cane and wood
Craftsman with
some experience in intricate and
complex designs
Entrepreneurship,
managing working capital, overseeing the
crafting process, and
establishing market linkages
Master
craftsperson
Horticulture Fruit, flower and
spices growing Farm extension
services providing,
Packaging
Co-operative
management Managing
marketing
Fruit Processing
Drying and processing of food
and fruits into
jams, jelly, juice, pickles etc.
Distributing, Packaging
SHG operations management
Food technologist,
Management
Hospitality Housekeeping,
cleaning rooms and
furnishings
Chefs, Attendants,
Computer
Operators
Hotel Management,
Entrepreneurship Tourism
package
development planning
IT / ITES - Data entry in
hotels, hospitals
and offices (govt. and private), Call
centre: customer
service and helpline
IT Entrepreneurship,
hardware maintenance
IT system
specialisation
Healthcare Housekeeping staff
in hospitals and
clinics
Paramedics Nursing, Doctors Specialisation
2.49 lakh Human resource pool required for demand sectors identified within Meghalaya
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Sector Basic Skills:
1.92 L Skill Category
Level-II: 29,440 Skill Category Level-
I: 24,584 Specialised
Skill: 2,490
Education - - Teaching, Principals Research,
Trainer
Motor Repair Attending basic
issues
Attending complex
repair issues
Entrepreneurship ,
running the repair shop
Mining Operating
machines like Excavators,
Dumpers, Loaders,
Fitting, Driving
Technical and
supervisory skills like Foremanship,
Welding,
Electricians, Blasting, Drilling
Engineering,
contracting with mining planning skills
Quality control
management
Construction Basic construction
activities
Masonry, Welding,
Machine operating,
Electric Works
Agent, Contracting Project
Management
Forest based / Bamboo
Growing, cutting, collecting
Craftsman, bamboo mat and roof
making, packaging
Entrepreneurs, Agent Master Craftsman
Source: IMaCS Analysis
In addition to the areas identified above, there will also be continued demand in livelihood activities like
agriculture, fishery and animal husbandry.
TABLE 47: LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES IN MEGHALAYA FOR SKILL UP-GRADATION
Activity Description Skill level 2011
employment
Agriculture
(Cultivation) 81% of the population is dependent on
agriculture for livelihood. Major food crops are rice and maize.
Mostly, unscientific
methods of cultivation
used.
467,010
Fishery Fishery has been practiced in the State for a very long time largely through the
traditional methods. The State is yet to attain self-sufficiency in
fishes despite its potential.
Outdated fish farming techniques used. Modern techniques
slowly becoming
popular.
1,212
Animal
Husbandry Majority of the people in the State are non-
vegetarian. However, huge supply gap
Household activity
with primitive rearing,
5,446
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Activity Description Skill level 2011
employment
exists. The extent of piggery, poultry or dairy as a large scale commercial activity is
currently limited. However, there is
tremendous scope for generation of stable
employment in this sector.
feeding and processing skills.
8.3 Skilling for migration
The domestic demand in the state will be inadequate to generate sufficient employment opportunities for
the people passing out of state‟s educational and vocational infrastructure. This excess supply is estimated
to be about 40,244 people per year for the next ten years. This excess supply needs to be trained across
various trades keeping mind the kind of demand arising for the local resources outside the state. Sectors
for migration have been identified based on natural aptitude, youth aspiration, market potential,
availability of trained manpower, availability and quality of training centre and time taken to train.
TABLE 48: AREAS FOR SKILLING FOR MIGRATION TO OTHER STATES OR
OVERSEAS
Sectors/Skills Areas for skilling
Beauty and
wellness Attendants in beauty salons, hair cutting and styling, dress styling, spa services,
salon / spa management, hair and skin specialisation
Hospitality Housekeeping - cleaning rooms and furnishings, Chefs, Attendants, Hotel
Management, Entrepreneurship, Tourism package development planning
IT / ITES Data entry in hotels, hospitals and offices (govt. and private), Call centre: customer service and helpline, IT Entrepreneurship, hardware maintenance, IT system
specialisation
Retail services Sales activities, customer relationship management, front desk management,
Entrepreneurship
Fashion Designing Fashion designing, fashion critic, column writing on fashion, models
40,244 per year Excess human resource pool available for employment outside state
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Sectors/Skills Areas for skilling
Flight attendants Air hostesses , stewardship
Ground staff at the airports
Handling of baggage and cargo, aircraft cleaning, ticketing, addressing passenger needs and queries
Healthcare Housekeeping in hospitals and clinics, Paramedics, Nursing and Doctors
Language skills English speaking skills
Trainers Dance, Music and sports trainers
Source: IMaCS Analysis
8.4 Capacity creation within State
The human resource needs to be skilled across the sectors which present employment opportunities and
the capacity needs to be created to achieve the same.
FIGURE 47: INTERVENTION FOR CAPACITY CREATION WITHIN THE STATE
Source: IMaCS Analysis
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8.5 Private sector skilling opportunities at district level
8.5.1 East Khasi Hills
TABLE 49: SKILLING INTERVENTIONS IN EAST KHASI HILLS
Sectors Areas for skilling
Hotels
• Technical skills like housekeeping, front office management
• Soft skills like communication skills, client relationship, time management
etc.
• Culinary Skills
• Customer Relationship Management
• Understanding of cultural differences
Mining • Knowledge of latest limestone mining techniques.
• Mining machines operators like dumpers, loaders and excavators.
• Drilling & Blasting skills.
• Quality Control
• Clinkerisation
• Developing market linkages
• Maintenance: Fitters, welders
Handicrafts • Design and development of new tools and designs
• Developing market linkages
• Introduction to new technology
• Knowledge of intricate work and providing finishing to the products
Horticulture • Awareness of latest farming techniques
• Drying, Grading, Sorting and Packaging.
• Developing market linkages
• Post- Harvest Management.
• Agri-entrepreneurialskills
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Sectors Areas for skilling
Fruit
Processing
• Making jams, jelly, pickles, juices etc.
• Drying, grading, sorting and packaging
• Developing market linkage
• Creating facilities for juice and jam making co-operatives societies and units
TABLE 50: DISTRICT WISE, SKILL-LEVEL WISE HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENT
– EAST KHASI HILLS
Source: IMaCS Analysis
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8.5.2 East Garo Hills
TABLE 51: SKILLING INTERVENTIONS IN EAST GARO HILLS
Sectors Areas for skilling
Horticulture • Awareness of latest farming techniques
• Drying, Grading, Sorting and Packaging.
• Developing market linkages
• Post- Harvest Management.
• Agri-entrepreneurialskills
Handloom • Basic skills like Pre loom processing, spinning, weaving, dyeing and post
loom processing.
• Knowledge of new technology
• Developing market linkage
• Specialised skills like designing for contemporary designs either taught or
with support from agencies such as NIFT
• Tracking of market developments, and customer preferences
Fruit
Processing
• Making jams, jelly, pickles, juices etc.
• Drying, grading, sorting and packaging
• Developing market linkage
• Creating facilities for juice and jam making co-operatives societies and units
Source: IMaCS Analysis
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TABLE 52: DISTRICT WISE, SKILL-LEVEL WISE HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENT
– EAST GARO HILLS
Source: IMaCS Analysis
8.5.3 Jaintia Hills
TABLE 53: SKILLING INTERVENTIONS IN JAINTIA HILLS
Sectors Areas for skilling
Mining • Knowledge of latest mining techniques.
• Mining machines operators like dumpers, loaders and excavators.
• Drilling & Blasting skills.
• Quality Control
• Developing market linkages
• Maintenance: Fitters, welders
• Coal Beneficiation, Clinkerisation
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Sectors Areas for skilling
Hotels • Technical skills like housekeeping, front office management
• Soft skills like communication skills, client relationship, time management etc.
• Culinary Skills
• Customer Relationship Management
• Understanding of cultural differences
Horticulture • Awareness of latest farming techniques
• Drying, Grading, Sorting and Packaging.
• Developing market linkages
• Post- Harvest Management.
• Agri-entrepreneurial skills
Source: IMaCS Analysis
TABLE 54: DISTRICT WISE, SKILL-LEVEL WISE HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENT
– JAINTIA HILLS
Source: IMaCS Analysis
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8.5.4 Ri Bhoi
TABLE 55: SKILLING INTERVENTIONS IN RI-BHOI
Sectors Areas for skilling
Horticulture • Awareness of latest farming techniques
• Drying, Grading, Sorting, and Packaging.
• Strawberry cultivation techniques.
• Basic processing technologies, like processing fruits into pulp, juice,
jam, jelly, pickle
• Developing market linkages
• Post- Harvest Management.
• Agri-entrepreneurial skills
Bamboo Based
Industry
• Bamboo cutting & coiling.
• Bamboo diversified products like bamboo mat, bamboo ply etc.
• Polishing skills
• Developing market linkages
Food
Processing
• Making jams, jelly, pickles, juices etc.
• Drying, grading, sorting and packaging
• Ginger and turmeric processing
• Developing market linkage
• Creating facilities for juice and jam making co-operatives societies and
units
Handicrafts • Design and development of new tools and designs
• Developing market linkages
• Introduction to new technology
• Knowledge of intricate work and providing finishing to the products
Source: IMaCS Analysis
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TABLE 56: DISTRICT WISE, SKILL-LEVEL WISE HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENT
– RI BHOI
Source: IMaCS Analysis
8.5.5 South Garo Hills
TABLE 57: SKILLING INTERVENTIONS IN SOUTH GARO HILLS
Sectors Areas for skilling
Handloom • Basic skills like Pre loom processing, spinning, weaving, dyeing and post loom
processing.
• Knowledge of new technology
• Developing market linkage
• Specialised skills like designing for contemporary designs either taught or with
support from agencies such as NIFT
• Tracking of market developments, and customer preferences
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Sectors Areas for skilling
Horticulture
• Awareness of latest farming techniques
• Drying, Grading, Sorting, and Packaging.
• Basic processing technologies, like processing fruits into pulp, juice, jam, jelly,
pickle
• Developing market linkages
• Post- Harvest Management.
• Agri-entrepreneurial skills
Source: IMaCS Analysis
TABLE 58: DISTRICT WISE, SKILL-LEVEL WISE HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENT
– SOUTH GARO HILLS
Source: IMaCS Analysis
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8.5.6 West Garo Hills
TABLE 59: SKILLING INTERVENTIONS IN WEST GARO HILLS
Sectors Areas for skilling
Handloom • Basic skills like Pre loom processing, spinning, weaving, dyeing and post loom
processing.
• Knowledge of new technology
• Developing market linkage
• Specialised skills like designing for contemporary designs either taught or with
support from agencies such as NIFT
• Tracking of market developments, and customer preferences
Horticulture
• Awareness of latest farming techniques
• Drying, Grading, Sorting, and Packaging.
• Basic processing technologies, like processing fruits into pulp, juice, jam, jelly,
pickle
• Developing market linkages
• Post- Harvest Management.
• Agri-entrepreneurial skills
Hotels • Technical skills like housekeeping, front office management
• Soft skills like communication skills, client relationship, time management etc.
• Culinary Skills
• Customer Relationship Management
• Understanding of cultural differences
Source: IMaCS Analysis
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TABLE 60: DISTRICT WISE, SKILL-LEVEL WISE HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENT
– WEST GARO HILLS
Source: IMaCS Analysis
8.5.7 West Khasi Hills
TABLE 61: SKILLING INTERVENTIONS IN WEST KHASI HILLS
Sectors Areas for skilling
Bamboo and
Cane
• Bamboo cutting & coiling.
• Polishing skills
• Cane furniture making
• Developing market linkages
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Sectors Areas for skilling
Horticulture
• Awareness of latest farming techniques
• Drying, Grading, Sorting, and Packaging.
• Basic processing technologies, like processing fruits into pulp, juice, jam,
jelly, pickle
• Developing market linkages
• Post- Harvest Management.
• Agri-entrepreneurial skills
Mining • Knowledge of latest coal mining techniques.
• Mining machines operators such as dumpers, loaders and excavators.
• Drilling & Blasting skills.
• Quality Control
• Developing market linkages
• Maintenance: Fitters, welders
• Coal Beneficiation
Handicrafts • Design and development of new tools and designs
• Developing market linkages
• Introduction to new technology
• Knowledge of intricate work and providing finishing to the products
Source: IMaCS Analysis
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TABLE 62: DISTRICT WISE, SKILL-LEVEL WISE HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENT
– WEST KHASI HILLS
Source: IMaCS Analysis
8.5.8Meghalaya- Skilling interventions in sectors across all districts
Sectors Areas for skilling
Construction • Plumbers, Fitters, Turners, Welders, Electricians
• Foreman and Supervisors
• Quality and Process Executives
• Masonry
• Machine Experts
Health and
Education
• Para-medics, Nurses & Assistants
• Teachers
• Trainers for vocational education
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Sectors Areas for skilling
Motor Repair
• Knowledge of various electrical and mechanical components of a car.
• Diagnostic abilities.
• Awareness of new technology in motor repair like computerised wheel
balancing and alignment.
• Soft Skills
Source: IMaCS Analysis
8.6 Key interventions for Meghalaya
Existing vocational institution set-up needs to be ramped up in order to enhance employability skills
of students. Close interaction with industry is essential for its success.
Setting up of specialist institute focusing on mining operations will facilitate use of advanced
technology in existing and future mining projects thereby minimizing the damage caused to
environment and enhancing safety of the mine workers.
Local demand exceeds supply at the basic skills level. Capacity creation would be required for skill
matching with demand sectors for about 7,000 persons per year up to 2021.
Between 2011 and 2021, each year, around 1.7 lakh persons will be available for skilling for the
purpose of migration.
Areas for capacity creation for skilling of migrant workforce include Beauty and Wellness,
Hospitality, IT/ITES, Retail services, Fashion Designing, Flight attendants, Ground Staff at the
airports, Healthcare, Trainers and Language Skills.
Advanced factor conditions required
Roads connecting to the interiors of the districts and villages
Airport expansion
Increased telecom penetration.
Post-harvest management infrastructure for success of horticulture and food processing
Realising the hydroelectric potential of the state.
Last mile banking connectivity in across state.
Educating locals to orient them towards blue collar job opportunities such as construction.
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Annexure
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1. Methodology used for Demand projections
The following methodology has been adopted for making demand side projections of human resources:
Identification of key economic activities in each district.
Estimation of current employment numbers in each district, based on information available from
Government publications and IMaCS primary survey.
Forecasting of future employment requirements, using different assumptions (explained in the
slide on assumptions) for each industry.
Different assumptions have been used because of differences in nature, demand and growth
potential, factor endowments, commercialisation status, policy thrust, past growth trends, past and
expected investments, employment pattern and opportunities for migration of all economic
activities.
Forecasts have been done for all existing and potential industries identified by us. District wise
distribution of employment in 2021 is assumed to remain same as it was in 2011.
2. List of Abbreviations
List of Abbreviations
BRO Border Roads Organisation
BSNL Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate
DDP District Domestic Product
DoNER Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GI Geographical Indication
GSDP Gross State Domestic Product
HEP Hydro-electric Power
HRD Human Resource Development
IID Integrated Infrastructure Development
IIT Indian Institute of Technology
IT Information Technology
ITI Industrial Training Institute
LMIS Labour Market Information Systems
mn Million
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List of Abbreviations
MU Million Units
NABARD National Bank of Agriculture and Rural Development
NEC North Eastern Council
NEDFi North Eastern Development Finance Corporation Limited
NER North Eastern Region
NES North Eastern States
NGO Non-Governmental Organisation
NIT National Institute of Technology
No. Number
NSDC National Skill Development Corporation
O&M Operation and Maintenance
PPP Public Private Partnership
PWD Public Works Department
SHG Self Help Group
SIDO Small Industries Development Organisation
NEEPCO North Eastern Electric Power Corporation
KVIC Khadi and Village Industries Commission
MIDC Meghalaya Industrial Development Corporation
NH National Highways
MECL Meghalaya Energy Corporation Limited
VPN Virtual private network
NEHU North- Eastern Hill University
DIET District Institute of Educational Training
NEIGRIMS The North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health & Medical Science
NIFD National Institute of Fashion Design
RVTI Regional Vocational Training Institute
3. List of Stakeholders met
Name Designation Organization
Mr. Sanjay Goel Deputy Commsioner District Admiistration, West Garo Hills
District
Mr. N.W. Momin Principal ITI, Tura
Mr. D.F.R. Marak Functional Manager Directorate of Industries
Mr. P.S. Verma Principal RVTI
Dr. R.P. Singh Senior Scientist Rubber Board
Mr. J.R. Myrboh Managing Director Komorrah Limestone Mining Company
Ltd.
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Name Designation Organization
Mr. Lambha Roy Registrar NEHU
Mr. I. Jyrwa Director Directorate of Employment &
Craftsmen
N.S. Samant Principal Secretary Labour, Finance and Social Welfare
H.L. Pyrtuh Secretary Agriculture
Dr. C. O. Rangad Director Horticulture Department
A. Marbaniang Director Economics & Statistics
G. Lyngdoh Director Industries
Kharlyngdoh Secretary Rural Development
Mr Vijay Kumar Principal IHM - Shillong
Mr Rajiv Kumar Chatterjee Staff IHM - Shillong
DHO Department of Horticulture
Mr Michael DHO Department of Horticulture
Mr Savio Chisin DHO Department of Horticulture
Mr James Warren DHO Department of Horticulture
Mr J R Sangma DHO Department of Horticulture
DHO Department of Horticulture
DHO Department of Horticulture
Mr B K Sohliya DHO Department of Horticulture
Mr ML Langstang GM Industries
Mr Inderpal singh Manager Timepack Private Limited
Sr Judith Shadab Head WISE
Mr Avegail Sohkhlet Head Roilang vocational Training institute
Fr Benny Alex Principal Don Bosco Technical School
Fr Joby Joseph Vice Principal St Anthony's college
Mr Devendar bansal Manager Star Cement
Mr Niroj Mohanty Manager Hotel Polo Towers
Mr Pascal Dkhar Administration officer Bosco Pnar
Mr J Dkhar DC Jaintia hills District
Ms Kara Propreiter Karas Food Processing
Vice Principal ITI Shillong
Ms Judy staff Women ITI Shillong
Mr Kumar Special officer IGNOU
Mr E Yeolekar Director NEIGRIHMS
Mr K Singh Manager Reliance call center
Ms Arkimi Sumer Instructor District handloom center-east khasi hills
Ms Momia lewai Instructor District handloom center-Jaintia
Mr A K Pran Head Sericulture department
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Name Designation Organization
Ms Belores Propreiter Light Green nursery
Mr P Khongbuh Vice principal ITI Jowai
Mr M Kharmijai DC Ri Bhoi district
Mr A Lynshing Vice Principal ITI Nongpoh
Administrative officer RRTC
Manager Rapsang Group of industries
Mr Surojit Singh Manager Eastern saw Mill
4. Training Capacity for Vocational Education in Meghalaya
Type of institution No. of institutions Seating capacity District
ITI 1 44 Jaintia Hills
ITI 1 220 East Khasi Hills
ITI 1 44 Ri Bhoi
ITI 1 40 East Garo Hills
ITI 1 205 West Garo Hills
ITI 1 20 South Garo Hills
Polytechnic 1 200 East Khasi Hills
Polytechnic 1 90 Ri Bhoi
Polytechnic 1 90 West Garo Hills
RVTI 1 172 West Garo Hills
Don Bosco 1 170 Jaintia Hills
Don Bosco 1 175 East Garo Hills
Don Bosco 2 1,630 East Khasi Hills
Don Bosco 1 175 Ri-Bhoi
Engineering Colleges 2 620 Ri-Bhoi
Engineering Colleges 1 150 East Khasi Hills
Medical Colleges 2 80 East Khasi Hills
Nursing Training Institutes 3 195 East Khasi Hills
Computer Education 3 550 East Khasi Hills
Fashion 1 60 East Khasi Hills
IIM 1 180 East Khasi Hills
Hotel Management 1 49 East Khasi Hills
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5. Meghalaya – List of Handicrafts Clusters
Location District Product Details
Mendal town,
Williamnagar East Garo Hills Woodwork Idols, panels and birds figure etc
Multiple-
locations East Khasi Hills
Cane and
Bamboo craft
Basket, mats, moorahs, kurup, umbrellas,
winnowing trays, hand fans, head gear, fish traps
Shillong East Khasi Hills Clay pottery Earthern ware pottery and figures
Shillong East Khasi Hills Leather
Products Animal and bird skin stuffing
Shillong East Khasi Hills Metal craft Brass and copper artware, aluminium artware and
gift items
Shillong East Khasi Hills Traditional
embroidery Traditional dresses
Shillong East Khasi Hills Woodwork Idols, panels and birds figure etc
Mawlong Ri Bhoi Cane and
Bamboo craft
Basket, mats, moorahs, kurup, umbrellas,
winnowing trays, hand fans, head gear, fish traps
Mowkyrwat West Khasi Hill Cane and
Bamboo craft
Basket, mats, moorahs, kurup, umbrellas,
winnowing trays, hand fans, head gear, fish traps
Nongstoin town West Khasi Hill Stone carving Panels and decorative items
Sokhymphor Cane and Bamboo craft
Basket, mats, moorahs, kurup, umbrellas, winnowing trays, hand fans, head gear, fish traps
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About ICRA Management Consulting Services Limited
IMaCS - An introduction
ICRA Management Consulting Services Limited (IMaCS) is a multi-line management consulting firm
headquartered in India. It has an established track record of 17 years in management and development
consulting across various sectors and countries. IMaCS has completed more than 1,200 consulting
assignments with about 600 clients and has worked in over 40countries across the globe. IMaCS is a
wholly-owned subsidiary of ICRA Limited (ICRA), one of India‟s leading credit rating agencies. IMaCS
operated as an independent division of ICRA till March 20051, when it was de-merged from ICRA and
became a standalone company in its present form.
Through the process of carrying out several assignments over the past 17 years, IMaCS has accumulated
considerable analytical and consulting expertise, backed by the following organisational capabilities:
An extensive and organised database on several sectors.
Knowledge of key factors of success in different projects and program.
An ability to research emerging global trends, both in specific countries as well as in different sectors,
based on primary and secondary data.
Performance benchmarking
Quantitative and financial modelling
Ability to identify the various types of risks and suggest appropriate strategies to mitigate the same
Ability to work in different geographies on its own and through affiliate partners
1 Under the name “ICRA Advisory Services”
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